Psychophysical Evaluation of the Influence of Glass Suspended Particles

Abstract

The specific embodiments disclosed herein enable the psychophysical evaluation of the vitreous floaters (114). One or more patient stimulus images (600, 916) are projected onto the patient's retina (112), and the patient stimulus images (600, 916) include a fixation or moving fixation target (602). While the patient stimulus images (600, 916) are being displayed, an image (200) of the patient's retina (112) is acquired, for example, by using an SLO (402), and a shadow image (204) is derived from the image (200). The shadow image (204) includes a representation (206) of the shadow projected by the floater (114). An observer stimulus image (918) is generated from the shadow image (204) and the patient stimulus images (600, 916) and is projected onto the observer's retina (112), for example, by using a virtual reality display device (406).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Cross - reference to related applications This application claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 388,896, filed on July 13, 2022, the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference.

Background Art

[0002] Light received by the human eye passes through the transparent cornea that covers the iris and pupil of the eye. The light passes through the pupil and is focused by the lens located within a structure called the lens capsule on the back side of the pupil. The light is focused by the lens and the cornea onto the retina, which contains rods and cones capable of generating nerve impulses in response to light. The space between the lens and the retina is filled with a transparent gel known as the vitreous humor.

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0003] For various reasons, there may be floating substances in the vitreous humor. The floating substances are typically formed from clumps of cells, collagen fibers, or other tissues and are more opaque than the surrounding vitreous humor. The floating substances cast shadows on the retina and cause visual impairment in patients, and in some patients, there is a risk of exacerbation.

[0004] Facilitating the treatment of floating substances would be an advancement in the art.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0005] The present disclosure generally relates to a system for performing a psychophysical evaluation of vitreous floaters.

[0006] Certain embodiments disclosed herein provide a method and corresponding apparatus, the method including receiving, by a computing device, one or more images of at least one eye of a patient. The computing device identifies one or more shadow regions in the one or more images to obtain one or more shadow images. The computing device outputs, to a display device, one or more observer stimulus images derived from the one or more shadow images.

[0007] The following description and related drawings set forth in detail specific illustrative features of one or more embodiments.

[0008] The accompanying drawings illustrate specific aspects of one or more embodiments and thus should not be considered as limiting the scope of the disclosure.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0009]

Figure 1

Figure 2A

Figure 2B

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Figure 9

[0010] For clarity, where possible, the same reference numerals are used in multiple drawings to indicate common identical elements. It is contemplated that the elements and features of one embodiment may be advantageously incorporated into other embodiments without particular recitation.

[0011] Referring to FIG. 1, a human eye 100 includes a cornea 102, which is a spherical transparent layer through which light entering the eye 100 passes. The light then passes through each of the anterior chamber 138, pupil 104, and lens 106 of the eye 100. The remaining portion of the globe 108 of the eye 100, known as the posterior chamber or vitreous chamber 140, is filled with a transparent gel known as the vitreous 110. The light is focused by the cornea 102 and lens 106 through the vitreous 110 onto the retina 112 at the rear of the eye 100.

[0012] Vitreous floaters 114 are clumps of cells, collagen fibers, or other impurities within the vitreous 110. If vitreous floaters 114 are present, they cast a shadow 116 on the retina 112. The shadow 116 may occupy an angular range of the visual field of the eye 100. If the floaters 114 are large enough, opaque, and / or numerous, they can significantly reduce the patient's vision.

[0013] Referring to FIG. 2A, an image 200 of the retina 112 can be acquired, such as by using a scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO), a visible light camera, an optical coherence tomography (OCT) device, or other imaging modalities. A portion of the light that irradiates the retina 112 to acquire the image 200 is scattered by any of the floaters 114 present in the vitreous 110, resulting in one or more shadows 202 in the image 200.

[0014] One or more shadows 202 can be identified as having a pixel intensity with relatively high contrast to the area surrounding the shadow 202. Since the floaters 114 are motile, one or more shadows 202 may be identified in the image 200 as having an intensity that is relatively different from the intensity of the shadows 202 in the preceding or subsequent images in a series of video images including the image 200. For example, each image in a series of images may be aligned with respect to reference features of the retina, such as the pattern of retinal blood vessels (e.g., veins), to track and correct eye movement. In such an example, the change from one aligned image to another may thus correspond to the shadow 116 of the floater 114. One or more shadows 202 can be identified using any approach for detecting an object moving relative to a stationary background, and such an approach corrects eye movement in the same way as it corrects camera movement. The still or moving image 200 can also be analyzed using a machine learning model trained to identify one or more shadows 202 corresponding to the floaters 114.

[0015] Referring to FIG. 2B, a shadow image 204 can be generated that includes only one or more shadows 206 extracted from the image 200 and corresponds to the one or more shadows 202 present in the image 200. The shadow image 204 can be an image in which all pixels are white, transparent, or some other reference color other than the pixels representing one or more shadows 202. The pixels of the one or more shadows 206 may have an intensity indicating the degree of light blocking estimated at the corresponding points within the shadow image 204. For example, if the pixels of the shadow image 204 are white for all pixels other than the pixels of the one or more shadows 206, the difference in intensity between the white pixels and a given pixel of the one or more shadows 206 indicates the darkness of the shadow 202 represented by the given pixel of the one or more shadows 206.

[0016] FIG. 3 shows a method 300 for performing a psychophysical evaluation of vitreous floaters. As used herein, "psychophysical evaluation" refers to a process that enables an observer, such as a trained medical professional, to accurately perceive the shadow 116 cast by the floater 114 on the patient's retina 112 in order to determine the effect of the floater 114 on the patient's vision.

[0017] Method 300 first stimulates the patient's retina 112 at step 302 and detects the patient's visual stimulus at step 304. At step 306, an observer, which is a combination of the stimulus input to the patient's eye and the patient's perception of the detected stimulus at step 304, receives a stimulus that is substantially the same as the stimulus of the patient's retina 112. At step 308, the observer visually perceives the observer's stimulus from step 306 to achieve substantially the same perception between the patient and the observer at step 310.

[0018] FIG. 4 shows a system 400 for performing a psychophysical evaluation of vitreous floaters. The system 400 may include a scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO) 402 that performs both stimulation and observation of the retina 112 of a patient 404. The system 400 may similarly include a display device 406 that projects the observer's stimulus onto the retina of the observer 408. For example, the display device 406 may be a virtual reality (VR) display, and the right side of the VR display may be used to project an image of the patient's right retina onto the observer's right retina, and the left side of the VR display may be used to project an image of the patient's left retina onto the observer's left retina.

[0019] The system 400 includes a patient stimulus generator 410, an image acquisition module 412, and an observer stimulus generator 414, each of which may be implemented in a separate computing device (e.g., the computing device 900 described below with respect to FIG. 9), or may use computing functions incorporated into one or both of the SLO 402 and the display device 406.

[0020] The patient stimulator 410 generates a patient stimulation image projected onto the patient's retina 112. The patient stimulation image may have a known brightness and include a fixed target. In some embodiments, the patient stimulator 410 can provide a movable fixed target by generating a series of images with a fixed target at different positions of each image in the series. One or more patient stimulation images may include shapes of uniform color and brightness (e.g., squares, rectangles, circles), or may be more detailed images, such as images of indoor or outdoor facilities, images including text, or other types of images. The patient stimulator 410 can display one or more stimulation images using the existing functions of the SLO 402, or project one or more patient stimulation images onto the patient's retina 112 using one or more individual projection devices.

[0021] The image acquisition module 412 acquires an image of the patient's retina 112 during stimulation, including one or more patient stimulation images projected by the patient stimulator 410. The image acquisition module 412 receives an image from the SLO 402 that can generate an image by scanning the patient's retina 112 using an infrared laser. The image acquisition module 412 can further separate the shadow 202 from one or more images 200 received from the SLO 402 as described above to obtain one or more shadow images 204.

[0022] The observer stimulator 414 generates one or more observer stimulation images from one or more shadow images 204. The observer stimulator 414 can obtain one or more observer stimulation images by adjusting some or all of the size, brightness, contrast, or other characteristics of one or more shadow images 204. The adjustment performed by the observer stimulator 414 may be a preset adjustment based on the characteristics of the display device 406 to more precisely approximate the viewing experience of the patient 404. For example, the size, brightness, contrast, or other characteristics can be adjusted within at least 5% of these characteristics perceived by the patient.

[0023] The observer stimulation image may then be displayed on the display device 406 towards the observer 408. When a plurality of patient stimulation images are acquired, these observer stimulation images can be displayed at the same frame rate as when the patient stimulation images were acquired. The display of one or more observer stimulation images can be performed substantially simultaneously with the acquisition of image 200, although delays may occur in the processing and transmission of data. Alternatively, one or more observer stimulation images, or any images used in the acquisition of one or more observer stimulation images, can be saved and displayed later or processed and then displayed.

[0024] Figure 5 shows a method 500 for performing a psychophysical evaluation of vitreous floaters. The method 500 may be performed by a computing device 900 in cooperation with the SLO 402 and the display device 406 shown in FIG. 4. The method 500 includes, in step 502, presenting one or more patient stimulation images to the retina 112 of a patient. In step 504, the patient is instructed to fixate their gaze on a fixation target for the one or more patient stimulation images. While presenting the one or more patient stimulation images, the method 500 includes, in step 506, recording one or more images 200 of the patient's retina using the SLO 402. For example, while each patient stimulation image is projected onto the patient's retina 112, an image 200 can be acquired for each patient stimulation image using the SLO 402 for each retina 112.

[0025] The method 500 includes, in step 508, extracting one or more shadow images, such as image 204, from the one or more images 200 received from the SLO 402. The method 500 may further include, in step 510, adjusting the one or more shadow images to obtain one or more adjusted images. One or more observer stimulation images are then generated in step 512 using the one or more adjusted images.

[0026] The step of adjusting one or more shadow images includes adjusting the brightness, contrast, size, or other characteristics of the one or more shadow images so that when displayed on the display device 406, the one or more adjusted images closely approximate the visual perception of the observer's patient. The step of generating observer stimulus images may include combining each adjusted image with a corresponding patient stimulus image that may also be adjusted from the perspective of brightness, contrast, size, or other characteristics to compensate for similar perception when displayed on the display device 406. In some implementations, the one or more shadow images obtain only shadow 202, such that one or more patient stimulus images or their adjusted versions are combined with the one or more adjusted images to reproduce the patient's perception of the one or more patient stimulus images. The patient stimulus image corresponding to the adjusted image may be the patient stimulus image displayed when obtaining the adjusted image 200 adjusted to obtain the adjusted image.

[0027] Method 500 then includes, in step 514, displaying one or more observer stimulus images on the display device 406. If the one or more observer stimulus images include a plurality of observer stimulus images, the observer stimulus images may be displayed at the same frame rate or at a different frame rate as when the patient stimulus image is displayed to the patient.

[0028] Exemplary patient stimulus images are shown in FIGS. 6, 7, and 8. The corresponding observer stimulus images may have the same characteristics as the shadow images superimposed as described above.

[0029] FIG. 6 shows a first exemplary patient stimulation image 600. In some implementation examples, the patient stimulation image 600 has a width and height that occupy 6 to 14 degrees, 8 to 12 degrees, or 10 degrees of the patient's visual field. The patient stimulation image 600 includes a stationary fixed target 602 in the form of a cross or other image that can be visually recognized by the patient. The patient stimulation image 600 may include a bright and homogeneous background 604 that occupies a majority of the patient stimulation image 600, for example, at least 90% or at least 95%. The homogeneous background may have sufficient luminance to generate a perceptible shadow 116 when displayed towards the patient if the floating matter 114 is present. However, it is preferred that the luminance is not so high that the shadow 116 disappears and becomes imperceptible. Similarly, it is preferred that the luminance is not so high as to cause discomfort or retinal damage to the patient. For example, the luminance is between about 250 and 350 cd / m2 (candela per square meter), for example, about 300 cd / m2.

[0030] To make it easier to determine the moving direction and degree of the shadow in one or more observer stimulation images, the patient stimulation image 600 may include a grid 606. For example, the grid 606 can divide each dimension (vertical and horizontal) of the patient stimulation image 600 into 3 to 10 sections. For example, the three lines shown in the figure divide the patient stimulation image 600 into four sections for each dimension.

[0031] Referring to FIG. 7, in some implementation examples, a series of patient stimulation images 600 are being displayed at a predetermined frame rate. The fixed target 602 may be in a plurality of different positions in the series of patient stimulation images 600. For example, the numbers 1 to 10 shown in the figure indicate the positions of the fixed target 602 in images 1 to 10 of the series of patient stimulation images 600. Due to the shift between consecutive pairs of numbers and the frame rate at which the patient stimulation images are presented, an angular velocity is generated in the patient's eye when tracking the fixed target 602. The angular velocity may be selected to simulate typical saccadic eye movements.

[0032] The impulsive movement of the eye 100 causes the movement of the shadow 116. If the line of sight of the eye 100 is fixed, the shadows 116, 202 typically decelerate in 1 to 2 seconds. The stabilization time depends on the viscosity of the vitreous body 110. The vitreous body of the eye decreases with aging. The stable position of the floating object shadow may be referred to as the shadow's home position. The home positions of the floating objects 114 and the shadows 116, 202 typically do not change for several months. Due to the movement of the shadow, the shadows 116, 202 of one or more floating objects pass over the fovea c. The shadows 116, 202 of the floating objects that are not particularly uncomfortable or noticeable when stationary may become so when they start to move. Therefore, the position and deviation of the fixed target position in the series of images 600 may be selected from the perspective of angular velocity and direction to induce a range of movements so as to accurately evaluate the influence of the floating object shadows 116, 202 present in the patient's eye 100.

[0033] Referring now to FIG. 8, in some implementations, the movement of the fixed target 602 between adjacent images within the series of patient stimulation images 600 is selected to mimic the movement of the reading eye 100 of the patient. In this way, the influence of the floating object 114 during common activities such as reading can be evaluated. For example, the position of the fixed target 602 within the series of patient stimulation images 600 can simulate the movement of the eye while reading a text line by following a horizontal path 800 at a certain angular velocity 802 (e.g., 5 to 15 degrees per second). After the path 800, a diagonal path 804 that moves downward from right to left at a speed 806 faster than the speed 802 follows to simulate the movement of the eye to focus on the start of the next line of text. For example, the path 804 can be followed at an angular velocity 806 of 80 to 120 degrees per second. To simulate the range of movement of the reading patient's eye 100, two, three, or more sets (e.g., 5 sets as shown) of the paths 800, 804 may be combined.

[0034] Various languages can be simulated using other patterns of movement of the fixed target 602. For example, in Hebrew, Arabic, or other Semitic languages, the path 800 may be from right to left, and the diagonal path 804 may be from left to right and downward. In another example, in Japanese and some dialects of Chinese, the path 800 may be from top to bottom, and the diagonal path 804 may be from bottom to top and rightward.

[0035] FIG. 9 shows an exemplary computing system 900 that at least partially implements one or more functions described herein with respect to FIGS. 1 - 8. The computing system 900 may be integrated with an imaging device such as the SLO 402, a display device 406 such as a VR display, or may be a separate computing device that receives an image of a patient's eye from the imaging device.

[0036] As shown, the computing system 900 includes a central processing unit (CPU) 902, one or more I / O device interfaces 904 that can connect various I / O devices 914 (e.g., keyboard, display, mouse device, pen input, etc.) to the computing system 900, and a network interface 906 for connecting the computing system 900 to a network 990, a memory 908, a storage 910, and an interconnect 912.

[0037] When the computing system 900 is an imaging system such as the SLO 402, the computing system 900 may further include one or more optical elements for performing ophthalmic imaging of a patient's eye, and any other components known to those skilled in the art.

[0038] The CPU 902 can retrieve and execute programming instructions stored in the memory 908. Similarly, the CPU 902 can retrieve and store application data within the memory 908. The interconnect 912 transfers programming instructions and application data between the CPU 902, the I / O device interface 904, the network interface 906, the memory 908, and the storage 910. The CPU 902 is included to represent a single CPU, multiple CPUs, a single CPU having multiple processing cores, and the like.

[0039] The memory 908 represents a volatile memory such as a random access memory and / or a non-volatile memory such as a non-volatile random access memory, a phase change random access memory, and the like. As shown, the memory 908 can store the patient stimulator 410, the image acquisition module 412, and / or the observer stimulator 414.

[0040] The storage 910 may be a non-volatile memory such as a disk drive, a solid state drive, or a group of storage devices distributed across multiple storage systems. Optionally, the storage 910 can store the patient stimulation image 916 and also store the observer stimulation image 918 for subsequent display.

[0041] Additional Considerations The above description provides those skilled in the art with the ability to implement various embodiments described herein. Various changes to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can also be applied to other embodiments. For example, changes can be made to the functions and arrangements of the elements discussed without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In various examples, various procedures or components may be omitted, substituted, or added as necessary. The features described in some examples may be combined in some other examples. For example, an apparatus may be implemented or a method may be executed using any number of aspects described herein. Also, the scope of the present disclosure is intended to cover, in addition to the various aspects of the disclosure described herein, or other than those, similar apparatuses or methods implemented using structures, functions, or a combination of structures and functions. It should be understood that any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein may be implemented by one or more of the elements recited in the claims.

[0042] As used herein, the phrase referring to "at least one of" a list of items refers to any combination of those items including a single member. As an example, "at least one of a, b, or c" is intended to cover not only a, b, c, a - b, a - c, b - c, and a - b - c, but also any combination with multiple identical elements (e.g., a - a, a - a - a, a - a - b, a - a - c, a - b - b, a - c - c, b - b, b - b - b, b - b - c, c - c, and c - c - c or any other order of a, b, and c).

[0043] As used herein, the term "determine" encompasses a wide range of operations. For example, "determine" may include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, querying (e.g., querying a table, database, or other data structure), verifying, etc. Also, "determine" may include receiving (e.g., receiving information), accessing (e.g., accessing data in a memory), etc. Further, "determine" may include resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, etc.

[0044] The methods disclosed herein include one or more steps or operations for implementing the methods. The method steps and / or operations may be interchangeable with each other without departing from the claims. In other words, the order and / or use of the specific steps and / or operations may be changed without departing from the claims, unless a specific order of the steps or operations is specified. Further, the various operations of the methods described above may be performed by any suitable means capable of performing the corresponding functions. These means may include, but are not limited to, various hardware and / or software components and / or modules including circuits, application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), or processors. Generally, where there are operations shown in the drawings, those operations may include corresponding means-plus-function components labeled with similar numbers.

[0045] The various exemplary logical blocks, modules, and circuits described in connection with the present disclosure may be implemented or executed by a general purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic element (PLD), discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. The general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any commercially available processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. The processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, such as a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors cooperating with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.

[0046] The processing system may be implemented in a bus architecture. The bus may include any number of interconnecting buses and bridges depending on the particular application of the processing system and overall design constraints. The bus can, in particular, interconnect various circuits including processors, machine-readable media, and input / output devices. A user interface (e.g., keypad, display, mouse, joystick, etc.) may also be connected to the bus. The bus can also connect various other circuits known in the art and thus not described further herein, such as a timing source, peripherals, voltage regulators, power management circuits, etc. The processor may be implemented with one or more general-purpose and / or dedicated processors. By way of example, a plurality of processors include microprocessors, microcontrollers, DSP processors, and other circuits capable of executing software. Those skilled in the art will recognize how to optimally implement the described functions of the processing system according to the particular application and overall design constraints imposed on the overall system.

[0047] When implemented in software, the above-described functions may be stored or transmitted as one or more instructions or codes on a computer-readable medium. Software is to be interpreted broadly as meaning instructions, data, or any combination thereof, regardless of how it is called, such as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or others. The computer-readable medium includes both computer storage media and communication media, such as any medium that facilitates the transfer of a computer program from one place to another. The processor may play a role in managing buses and general processing, including the execution of software modules stored on a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium may be coupled to the processor so that the processor can read information from and write information to the storage medium. Alternatively, the storage medium may be incorporated into the processor. As an example, the computer-readable medium may include a transmission line, a carrier wave modulated by data, and / or a computer-readable storage medium in which instructions are stored separately from a wireless node, all of which may be accessed from the processor via a bus interface. Alternatively or additionally, the computer-readable medium, or any part thereof, may be incorporated into the processor, as in the case of a cache and / or a general-purpose register file. Examples of machine-readable storage media include, for example, RAM (Random Access Memory), flash memory, ROM (Read-Only Memory), PROM (Programmable Read-Only Memory), EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory), EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory), registers, magnetic disks, optical disks, hard drives, or any other suitable storage medium or any combination thereof. The machine-readable medium may be implemented in a computer program product.

[0048] A software module may contain a single instruction or multiple instructions, and may be distributed across several different code sections, across different programs, and across multiple storage media. A computer-readable medium may contain multiple software modules. A software module contains instructions that, when executed by a device such as a processor, cause a processing system to perform various functions. A software module may contain a sending module and a receiving module. Each software module may reside on a single storage device or may be distributed across multiple storage devices. For example, when a trigger event occurs, a software module may be loaded from a hard drive into RAM. During the execution of a software module, the processor may load a portion of the instructions into a cache to increase the access speed. Then, one or more cache lines may be loaded into a general-purpose register file for execution by the processor. When referring to the functions of a software module, it should be understood that such functions are realized by the processor when executing instructions from the software module.

[0049] The following claims are not limited to the embodiments shown in this specification and shall be construed in accordance with the full scope consistent with the claim language. In a claim, when an element is referred to in the singular, it does not mean "only one" unless specifically stated otherwise, but means "one or more". Unless specifically stated otherwise, the term "some" refers to one or more. No element of a claim shall be construed under the provisions of 35 U.S.C. § 112(f) unless the element is expressly recited using the phrase "means for" or, in the case of a method claim, the element is recited using the phrase "step of". All structural and functional equivalents of the elements of the various aspects described throughout this disclosure, known or later to be known to those of ordinary skill in the art, are hereby expressly incorporated by reference into this specification and are intended to be included in the claims. Furthermore, the disclosure of this specification is not intended to be dedicated to the public whether or not such disclosure is expressly recited in the claims.

Claims

1. A system for characterizing floating objects, comprising: a retinal imaging device; a display device; a computing device configured to receive one or more images of at least one retina of a patient from the retinal imaging device, designate one or more shadow regions in the one or more images to obtain one or more shadow images, and output to the display device one or more observer stimulation images derived from the one or more shadow images; a computing device A system including.

2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the retinal imaging device is a scanning laser ophthalmoscope.

3. The system according to claim 1, wherein the computing device is further configured to stimulate at least one retina of the patient with one or more patient stimulation images while acquiring one or more images of at least one retina of the patient.

4. The system according to claim 3, wherein each of the one or more patient stimulation images includes a fixation target.

5. The system according to claim 4, wherein the one or more patient stimulation images include a series of patient stimulation images, and the fixation targets of the series of patient stimulation images are at a plurality of different positions.

6. The system according to claim 5, wherein the plurality of different positions simulate eye movements during reading.

7. The system according to claim 3, wherein the computing device is further configured to derive the one or more observer stimulation images from the one or more shadow images by combining the one or more shadow images and the one or more patient stimulation images.

8. The system according to claim 1, wherein the computing device is further configured to derive the one or more observer stimulation images from the one or more shadow images by adjusting one or both of the size and brightness of the one or more shadow images based on the characteristics of the display device.

9. The system according to claim 1, wherein the display device is a virtual reality display device.

10. The one or more images of at least one retina of the patient include one or more left images of the left retina of the patient and one or more right images of the right retina of the patient, The computing device outputs to the left side of the virtual reality display device one or more left observer stimulation images of the one or more observer stimulation images derived from the one or more left images. Outputting, to the right side of the virtual reality display device, one or more right observer stimulation images among the one or more observer stimulation images, which are derived from the one or more right images, among the one or more observer stimulation images; The system according to claim 9, configured to output the one or more observer stimulation images derived from the one or more shadow images to the display device.

Images