Method for transmitting channel state information in a wireless communication system and apparatus therefor

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for a UE (User Equipment) to transmit predicted CSI (Channel Status Information) in a wireless communication system. Specifically, the method includes receiving a control signal for predicted CSI reporting from the BS, receiving at least one measurement resource from the BS based on the control signal for predicted CSI reporting, measuring at least one predicted CSI regarding one or more time instances based on the at least one measurement resource, and transmitting the at least one predicted CSI to the BS. After receiving the control signal for predicted CSI reporting, a first minimum time interval until transmitting the at least one predicted CSI is determined based on the size of a measurement window, and the size of the measurement window is determined based on the number of CMRs (Channel Measurement Resources) among the at least one measurement resource.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a wireless communication system. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method for transmitting channel state information in a wireless communication system and an apparatus therefor.

Background Art

[0002] Wireless communication systems have been widely deployed to provide various communication services such as voice and data. In general, a wireless communication system is a multiple access system that can share available system resources (such as bandwidth and transmission power) to support communication with multiple users. Examples of multiple access systems include CDMA (code division multiple access) systems, FDMA (frequency division multiple access) systems, TDMA (time division multiple access) systems, OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access) systems, SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access) systems, and the like.

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0003] Based on the above discussions, a method for transmitting channel state information in a wireless communication system and an apparatus therefor will be proposed below.

[0004] The technical problems to be achieved by the present invention are not limited to the above technical problems, and other technical problems not mentioned will be clearly understandable to those having ordinary knowledge in the technical field to which the present invention pertains from the following description.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0005] In one aspect of the present invention, a method for a UE (User Equipment) to transmit predicted CSI (Channel Status Information) to a BS (Base Station) in a wireless communication system is provided. This method includes receiving a control signal for predicted CSI reporting from the BS, receiving at least one measurement resource from the BS based on the control signal for predicted CSI reporting, measuring at least one predicted CSI regarding one or more time instances based on the at least one measurement resource, and transmitting the at least one predicted CSI to the BS. After receiving the control signal for predicted CSI reporting, a first minimum time interval until transmitting the at least one predicted CSI is determined based on the size of a measurement window, and the size of the measurement window is determined based on the number of CMRs (Channel Measurement Resources) among the at least one measurement resource.

[0006] As another aspect of the present invention, a User Equipment (UE) is provided in a wireless communication system. The user equipment includes at least one transceiver, at least one processor, and at least one computer memory operably connectable to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform operations. The operations include receiving, from a Base Station (BS), a control signal for a predicted CSI report; receiving, from the BS, at least one measurement resource based on the control signal for the predicted CSI report; measuring at least one predicted CSI regarding one or more time instances based on the at least one measurement resource; and transmitting the at least one predicted CSI to the BS. A first minimum time interval from receiving the control signal for the predicted CSI report to transmitting the at least one predicted CSI is determined based on a size of a measurement window, and the size of the measurement window is determined based on a number of Channel Measurement Resources (CMRs) among the at least one measurement resource.

[0007] As another aspect of the present invention, in a wireless communication system, a processing device is provided. The processing device includes at least one processor and at least one computer memory operably connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform operations for a UE (User Equipment). The operations include receiving a control signal for a predicted CSI report from a BS (Base Station), receiving at least one measurement resource from the BS based on the control signal for the predicted CSI report, measuring at least one predicted CSI regarding one or more time instances based on the at least one measurement resource, and transmitting the at least one predicted CSI to the BS. After receiving the control signal for the predicted CSI report, a first minimum time interval until transmitting the at least one predicted CSI is determined based on a size of a measurement window, and the size of the measurement window is determined based on a number of CMRs (Channel Measurement Resources) among the at least one measurement resources.

[0008] In yet another aspect of the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium is provided. The computer-readable storage medium stores at least one computer program which, when executed by at least one processor, causes the at least one processor to perform operations for a UE (User Equipment). The operations include receiving a control signal for a predicted CSI report from a BS (Base Station); receiving at least one measurement resource from the BS based on the control signal for the predicted CSI report; measuring at least one predicted CSI for one or more time instances based on the at least one measurement resource; and transmitting the at least one predicted CSI to the BS. After receiving the control signal for the predicted CSI report, a first minimum time interval until transmitting the at least one predicted CSI is determined based on a size of a measurement window, and the size of the measurement window is determined based on a number of CMRs (Channel Measurement Resources) among the at least one measurement resource. In each aspect of the present invention, a number of CPUs (CSI processing units) for calculating the predicted CSI is determined based on at least one of the number of the CMRs and the number of the time instances.

[0009] In each aspect of the present invention, after receiving the first minimum time interval and all measurement resources set by the BS for the at least one predicted CSI report, a second minimum time interval until transmitting the at least one predicted CSI increases based on the number of the time instances.

[0010] In various aspects of the present invention, the step of measuring the at least one predicted CSI includes estimating a PMI (Precoding Matrix Index) corresponding to each of the one or more time instances, compressing the estimated PMI based on a TD (Time Domain) compression codebook, and obtaining the at least one predicted CSI including the compressed PMI.

[0011] In various aspects of the present invention, when the number of the CMRs is two or more, the size of the measurement window is determined based on the number of the CMRs and the CMR interval.

[0012] In various aspects of the present invention, the control signal for the predicted CSI report includes DCI (Downlink Control Information) received on a PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel).

[0013] The above-described problem-solving method is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and various embodiments reflecting the technical features of the present invention can be derived and understood by those with ordinary knowledge in the technical field based on the detailed description of the present invention described below.

Effects of the Invention

[0014] According to the present invention, wireless signals can be efficiently transmitted and received in a wireless communication system.

[0015] The effects obtained by the present invention are not limited to the effects mentioned above, and other effects not mentioned will be clearly understandable to those with ordinary knowledge in the technical field to which the present invention belongs from the following description.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0016] The accompanying drawings, included as a part of the detailed description to assist in understanding the implementation of the present invention, provide embodiments of the present invention and explain the implementation of the present invention together with the detailed description.

[0017]

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Embodiments for Carrying Out the Invention

[0018] The following technologies can be used in various wireless connection systems such as CDMA (code division multiple access), FDMA (frequency division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access), OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access), etc. CDMA can be implemented by radio technologies such as UTRA (Universal Terrestrial Radio Access) and CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented by radio technologies such as GSM (Global System for Mobile communications) / GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) / EDGE (Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution). OFDMA can be implemented by radio technologies such as IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, E-UTRA (Evolved UTRA), etc. UTRA is part of UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System). 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) LTE (long term evolution) is part of E-UMTS (Evolved UMTS) that uses E-UTRA, and LTE-A is an evolved version of 3GPP LTE. 3GPP NR (New Radio Access Technology) is an evolved version of 3GPP LTE / LTE-A.

[0019] As more communication devices require greater communication capacity, there is an emerging need for mobile broadband communication that is improved compared to existing radio access technologies (RATs). Also, massive machine type communications (MTC), which connects multiple devices and things to provide various services anytime and anywhere, is one of the important issues to be considered in next-generation communications. In addition, communication system design considering services / terminals sensitive to reliability and latency is being discussed. Thus, the introduction of next-generation RATs considering enhanced mobile broadband communication (eMBB), massive MTC, ultra-reliable and low latency communication (URLLC), etc. is being discussed. In the present invention, for convenience, the relevant technology is referred to as NR (New radio or New RAT).

[0020] For clarity of explanation, 3GPP NR will be mainly described, but the technical idea of the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0021] In this specification, the expression "setting" may be replaced with the expression "configuration", and the two may be used interchangeably. Also, conditional expressions (e.g., "if ~~", "in a case", or "when ~~") may be replaced with expressions such as "based on that ~~" or "in a state / status". Also, the operation of the terminal / base station or the SW / HW configuration due to the satisfaction of the corresponding conditions can be inferred / understood. Also, in the signal transmission and reception between wireless communication devices (e.g., base stations, terminals), if the process on the receiving (or transmitting) side can be inferred / understood from the process on the transmitting (or receiving) side, the description thereof may be omitted. For example, signal determination / generation / encoding / transmission, etc. on the transmitting side can be understood as signal monitoring reception / decoding / determination, etc. on the receiving side. Also, the expression that the terminal performs (or does not perform) a specific operation can also be interpreted as the base station operating while expecting / assuming the execution of the specific operation of the terminal (or expecting / assuming that it is not performed). The expression that the base station performs (or does not perform) a specific operation can also be interpreted as the terminal operating while expecting / assuming the execution of the specific operation of the base station (or expecting / assuming that it is not performed). Also, in the following description, the sections, examples, illustrations, options, methods, solutions, etc. and their indices are for convenience of explanation, and it should not be interpreted that each necessarily constitutes an independent invention or that each must be implemented individually. Also, when explaining each section, example, illustration, option, method, solution, etc., if there is no explicitly conflicting / opposing description, it can be inferred / interpreted that at least a part of these can be combined and implemented together or at least a part can be omitted and implemented.

[0022] In a wireless communication system, a terminal receives information from a base station via a downlink (DL), and the terminal transmits information to the base station via an uplink (UL). The information transmitted and received by the base station and the terminal includes data and various control information, and there are various physical channels depending on the type / use of the information they transmit and receive.

[0023] FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining physical channels used in a 3GPP system and a general signal transmission method using them.

[0024] A terminal that has powered on in the power-off state or newly entered a cell performs an initial cell search operation such as establishing synchronization with the base station (S101). For this purpose, the terminal receives an SSB (Synchronization Signal Block) from the base station. The SSB includes a PSS (Primary Synchronization Signal), an SSS (Secondary Synchronization Signal), and a PBCH (Physical Broadcast Channel). The terminal establishes synchronization with the base station based on the PSS / SSS and obtains information such as a cell identity. Also, the terminal obtains broadcast information within the cell based on the PBCH. Note that the terminal can receive a downlink reference signal (Downlink Reference Signal, DL RS) at the initial cell search stage to check the state of the downlink channel.

[0025] The terminal that has completed the initial cell search receives a physical downlink control channel (Physical Downlink Control Channel, PDCCH) and a physical downlink shared channel (Physical Downlink Control Channel, PDSCH) corresponding to the physical downlink control channel to obtain more specific system information (S102).

[0026] After that, in order for the terminal to complete the connection to the base station, it performs a random access procedure (S103 to S106). More specifically, the terminal transmits a preamble via a physical random access channel (PRACH) (S103), and receives a response message for the preamble via a physical downlink control channel and a corresponding physical downlink shared channel (S104). In the case of contention based random access, a contention resolution procedure such as further transmission of a physical random access channel (S105) and reception of a physical downlink control channel and a corresponding physical downlink shared channel (S106) is performed.

[0027] After performing such a procedure, the terminal then performs reception of the physical downlink control channel / physical downlink shared channel (S107) and transmission of the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) / physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) as general uplink / downlink signal transmission procedures. The control information transmitted by the terminal to the base station is referred to as uplink control information (UCI). UCI includes HARQ ACK / NACK (Hybrid Automatic Repeat and reQuest Acknowledgement / Negative-ACK), SR (Scheduling Request), CSI (Channel State Information), etc. CSI includes CQI (Channel Quality Indicator), PMI (Precoding Matrix Indicator), RI (Rank Indication), etc. UCI is generally transmitted via the PUCCH, but may also be transmitted via the PUSCH when it is necessary to transmit control information and traffic data simultaneously. Also, according to the request / indication of the network, the terminal can transmit UCI non-periodically via the PUSCH.

[0028] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the structure of a radio frame. In NR, uplink and downlink transmissions are composed of frames. One radio frame has a length of 10 ms and is divided into two 5-ms half-frames (HF). One half-frame is divided into five 1-ms subframes (SF). One subframe is divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots in a subframe depends on the subcarrier spacing (SCS). Each slot contains 12 or 14 orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols by means of a cyclic prefix (CP). When normal CP is used, each slot contains 14 OFDM symbols. When extended CP is used, each slot contains 12 OFDM symbols.

[0029] Table 1 shows the number of OFDM symbols per slot (N slot symb ), the number of slots per frame (N frame,u slot ), and the number of slots per subframe (N subframe,u slot ) according to the SCS when normal CP is used.

[0030]

Table 1

[0031] Table 2 shows the number of OFDM symbols per slot (N slot symb ), the number of slots per frame (N frame,u slot ), and the number of slots per subframe (N subframe,u slot ) according to the SCS when extended CP is used.

[0032]

Table 2

[0033] The frame structure is merely illustrative, and the number of sub - frames, slots, and symbols in the frame can be changed variously.

[0034] In the NR system, the OFDM numerology (e.g., SCS) can be set differently between a plurality of cells merged into one terminal. Thereby, the (absolute time) intervals of time resources (e.g., SF, slot, or TTI) (collectively referred to as TU (Time Unit) for convenience) composed of the same number of symbols can be set differently between the merged cells. Here, the symbol includes an OFDM symbol (or, CP - OFDM symbol), an SC - FDMA symbol (or, Discrete Fourier Transform - spread - OFDM, DFT - s - OFDM symbol).

[0035] Figure 3 illustrates the resource grid of a slot. One slot includes a plurality of symbols in the time domain. For example, in the case of normal CP, one slot includes 14 symbols, while in the case of extended CP, one slot includes 12 symbols. A carrier includes a plurality of sub - carriers in the frequency domain. An RB (Resource Block) is defined by a plurality (e.g., 12) of consecutive sub - carriers in the frequency domain. A BWP (Bandwidth Part) is defined by a plurality of consecutive PRBs (Physical RB) in the frequency domain and can correspond to one numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). A carrier includes a maximum of N (e.g., 5) BWPs. Data communication is performed on the activated BWP, and only one BWP is activated for one terminal. Each element in the resource grid is referred to as a resource element (RE), and one modulation symbol can be mapped.

[0036] FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example in which physical channels are mapped in a slot. In the DL control region, PDCCH is transmitted, and in the DL data region, PDSCH is transmitted. In the UL control region, PUCCH is transmitted, and in the UL data region, PUSCH is transmitted. GP provides a time gap in the process of the base station and the terminal switching from the transmission mode to the reception mode or from the reception mode to the transmission mode. Some symbols at the time of switching from DL to UL within a subframe can be set as GP.

[0037] Hereinafter, each physical channel will be described more specifically.

[0038] The PDCCH carries DCI (Downlink Control Information). For example, the PCCCH (i.e., DCI) carries the transmission format and resource allocation of the DL-SCH (downlink shared channel), the resource allocation information for the UL-SCH (uplink shared channel), the paging information regarding the PCH (Paging Channel), the system information on the DL-SCH, the resource allocation information regarding higher layer control messages such as any connection response transmitted on the PDSCH, the transmission power control command, the activation / deactivation of CS (Configured scheduling), etc. The DCI includes a CRC (cyclic redundancy check), and the CRC is masked / scrambled with various identifiers (e.g., Radio Network Temporary Identifier, RNTI) according to the owner or usage purpose of the PDCCH. For example, if the PDCCH is for a specific terminal, the CRC is masked with the terminal identifier (e.g., Cell-RNTI, C-RNTI). If the PDCCH is related to paging, the CRC is masked with the P-RNTI (Paging-RNTI). If the PDCCH is related to system information (e.g., System Information Block, SIB), the CRC is masked with the SI-RNTI (System Information RNTI). If the PDCCH is related to any connection response, the CRC is masked with the RA-RNTI (Random Access-RNTI).

[0039] The PDCCH is composed of 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 CCEs (Control Channel Elements) according to the AL (Aggregation Level). The CCE is a logical allocation unit used to provide a PDCCH with a predetermined code rate according to the radio channel state. The CCE is composed of 6 REGs (Resource Element Groups). The REG is defined by one OFDM symbol and one (P)RB. The PDCCH is transmitted by the CORESET (Control Resource Set). The CORESET is defined by a set of REGs having a given numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). Multiple CORESETs for one terminal can overlap in the time / frequency domain. The CORESET is set by system information (e.g., Master Information Block, MIB) or UE-specific upper layer (e.g., Radio Resource Control, RRC, layer) signaling. Specifically, the number of RBs and the number of OFDM symbols (up to 3) constituting the CORESET are set by upper layer signaling.

[0040] For PDCCH reception / detection, the terminal monitors PDCCH candidates. The PDCCH candidate indicates the CCEs that the terminal should monitor for PDCCH detection. Each PDCCH candidate is defined by 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 CCEs according to the AL. Monitoring includes (blind) decoding of the PDCCH candidate. The set of PDCCH candidates that the terminal monitors is defined as the PDCCH search space (SS). The search space includes the common search space (CSS) or the UE-specific search space (USS). The terminal can obtain DCI by monitoring PDCCH candidates in one or more search spaces set by the MIB or upper layer signaling. Each CORESET is associated with one or more search spaces, and each search space is associated with one CORESET. The search space is defined based on the following parameters.

[0041] - controlResourceSetId: Indicates the CORESET related to the search space.

[0042] - monitoringSlotPeriodicityAndOffset: Indicates the PDCCH monitoring period (in slots) and the PDCCH monitoring interval offset (in slots).

[0043] - monitoringSymbolsWithinSlot: Indicates the PDCCH monitoring symbols within a slot (e.g., indicates the first symbol of the CORESET).

[0044] - nrofCandidates: Indicates the number of PDCCH candidates (one of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8) for each AL = {1, 2, 4, 8, 16}.

[0045] * Define the opportunity (e.g., time / frequency resource) to monitor PDCCH candidates as a PDCCH (monitoring) opportunity. One or more PDCCH (monitoring) opportunities are configured within a slot.

[0046] Table 3 illustrates the characteristics for each search space type.

[0047]

Table 3

[0048] Table 4 illustrates the DCI formats transmitted via PDCCH.

[0049]

Table 4

[0050] DCI format 0_0 is used to schedule TB-based (or TB-level) PUSCH, and DCI format 0_1 is used to schedule TB-based (or TB-level) PUSCH or CBG (Code Block Group)-based (or CBG-level) PUSCH. DCI format 1_0 is used to schedule TB-based (or TB-level) PDSCH, and DCI format 1_1 is used to schedule TB-based (or TB-level) PDSCH or CBG-based (or CBG-level) PDSCH (DL grant DCI). DCI formats 0_0 / 0_1 are called UL grant DCI or UL scheduling information, and DCI formats 1_0 / 1_1 are called DL grant DCI or DL scheduling information. DCI format 2_0 is used to transmit dynamic slot format information (e.g., dynamic SFI) to the terminal, and DCI format 2_1 is used to transmit downlink pre-emption information to the terminal. DCI format 2_0 and / or DCI format 2_1 are transmitted to the terminals within the corresponding group via Group Common PDCCH, which is a PDCCH transmitted to the terminals defined in one group.

[0051] DCI format 0_0 and DCI format 1_0 are called fallback DCI formats, and DCI format 0_1 and DCI format 1_1 are called non-fallback DCI formats. For fallback DCI formats, the DCI size / field configuration is maintained similarly regardless of the terminal settings. In contrast, for non-fallback DCI formats, the DCI size / field configuration varies according to the terminal settings.

[0052] The PDSCH carries downlink data (e.g., DL-SCH transport block, DL-SCH TB), and modulation methods such as QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying), 16QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), 64QAM, 256QAM are applied. The TB is encoded to generate a codeword. The PDSCH carries a maximum of two codewords. Scrambling and modulation mapping are performed for each codeword, and the modulation symbols generated from each codeword are mapped to one or more layers. Each layer is mapped to a resource together with the DMRS (Demodulation Reference Signal) to generate an OFDM symbol signal, which is transmitted by the corresponding antenna port.

[0053] The PUCCH carries UCI (Uplink Control Information). The UCI includes the following.

[0054] - SR (Scheduling Request): Information used to request UL-SCH resources.

[0055] - HARQ-ACK: A response to a downlink data packet (e.g., a codeword) on the PDSCH. It indicates whether the downlink data packet has been successfully received. One bit of HARQ-ACK is transmitted as a response to a single codeword, and two bits of HARQ-ACK are transmitted as a response to two codewords. The HARQ-ACK response includes positive ACK (simply, ACK), negative ACK (hereinafter, NACK), DTX (Discontinuous Transmission), or NACK / DTX. Here, the term HARQ-ACK is used in the same sense as HARQ ACK / NACK, ACK / NACK.

[0056] - CSI (Channel State Information): Feedback information for the downlink channel. MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output)-related feedback information includes RI (Rank Indicator) and PMI (Precoding Matrix Indicator).

[0057] Table 5 illustrates PUCCH formats. According to the PUCCH transmission length, it can be classified into Short PUCCH (formats 0, 2) and Long PUCCH (formats 1, 3, 4).

[0058]

Table 5

[0059] PUCCH format 0 carries UCI with a maximum size of 2 bits and is mapped and transmitted based on a sequence. Specifically, the terminal transmits a specific UCI to the base station by transmitting one of a plurality of sequences via a PUCCH that is PUCCH format 0. The terminal transmits a PUCCH that is PUCCH format 0 within the PUCCH resource for the SR setting corresponding only when transmitting a positive SR.

[0060] PUCCH format 1 carries UCI with a maximum size of 2 bits, and the modulation symbols are spread by an orthogonal cover code (OCC) in the time domain (set differently according to the presence or absence of frequency hopping). The DMRS is transmitted in the symbols where the modulation symbols are not transmitted (i.e., transmitted by time division multiplexing (TDM)).

[0061] PUCCH format 2 carries UCI with a bit size larger than 2 bits, and the modulation symbols are transmitted by being DMRS and FDM (Frequency Division Multiplexing). DM-RS is located at symbol indices #1, #4, #7, and #10 within a resource block with a density of 1 / 3. A PN (Pseudo Noise) sequence is used for the DM_RS sequence. Frequency hopping can be activated for the 2-symbol PUCCH format 2.

[0062] PUCCH format 3 does not perform terminal multiplexing within the same physical resource block and carries UCI with a bit size larger than 2 bits. That is, the PUCCH resources of PUCCH format 3 do not include an orthogonal cover code. The modulation symbols are transmitted by being DMRS and TDM (Time Division Multiplexing).

[0063] PUCCH format 4 supports multiplexing up to 4 terminals within the same physical resource block and carries UCI with a bit size larger than 2 bits. That is, the PUCCH resources of PUCCH format 3 include an orthogonal cover code. The modulation symbols are transmitted by being DMRS and TDM (Time Division Multiplexing).

[0064] For a terminal, at least one of the one or more configured cells can be configured for PUCCH transmission. At least the Primary Cell can be configured as a cell for PUCCH transmission. Based on at least one cell for which PUCCH transmission is configured, at least one PUCCH cell group is configured for the terminal, and each PUCCH cell group includes one or more cells. The PUCCH cell group is also simply called the PUCCH group. PUCCH transmission is configured not only for the Primary Cell but also for SCell. The Primary Cell belongs to the primary PUCCH group, and the PUCCH-SCell for which PUCCH transmission is configured belongs to the secondary PUCCH group. For the cells belonging to the primary PUCCH group, the PUCCH on the Primary Cell is used, and for the cells belonging to the secondary PUCCH group, the PUCCH on the PUCCH-SCell is used.

[0065] The PUSCH carries uplink data (e.g., UL-SCH transport block, UL-SCH TB) and / or uplink control information (UCI), and is transmitted based on the CP-OFDM (Cyclic Prefix-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) waveform or the DFT-s-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform-spread-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) waveform. When the PUSCH is transmitted based on the DFT-s-OFDM waveform, the terminal applies transform precoding to transmit the PUSCH. As an example, when transform precoding is not possible (e.g., transform precoding is disabled), the terminal transmits the PUSCH based on the CP-OFDM waveform, and when transform precoding is possible (e.g., transform precoding is enabled), the terminal transmits the PUSCH based on the CP-OFDM waveform or the DFT-s-OFDM waveform. PUSCH transmission is dynamically scheduled by a UL grant in the DCI, or is semi-statically scheduled (configured grant) based on higher layer (e.g., RRC) signaling (and / or Layer 1 (L1) signaling (e.g., PDCCH)). PUSCH transmission is performed on a codebook basis or a non-codebook basis.

[0066] Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating the ACK / NACK transmission process. Referring to Figure 5, the terminal can detect the PDCCH in slot #n. Here, the PDCCH contains downlink scheduling information (e.g., DCI format 1_0, 1_1), and the PDCCH indicates the DL assignment-to-PDSCH offset (K0) and the PDSCH-HARQ-ACK reporting offset (K1). For example, DCI format 1_0, 1_1 contains the following information.

[0067] - Frequency domain resource assignment: Indicates the set of RBs allocated to the PDSCH.

[0068] - Time domain resource assignment: Indicates K0 (e.g., slot offset), the start position of the PDSCH within slot #n+K0 (e.g., OFDM symbol index), and the length of the PDSCH (e.g., number of OFDM symbols).

[0069] - PDSCH-to-HARQ_feedback timing indicator: Indicates K1.

[0070] - HARQ process number (4 bits): Indicates the HARQ process ID (Identity) for the data (e.g., PDSCH, TB).

[0071] - PUCCH resource indicator (PRI): Indicates the PUCCH resource used for UCI transmission from among a plurality of PUCCH resources within the PUCCH resource set.

[0072] After that, the terminal receives the PDSCH from slot #(n+K0) according to the scheduling information of slot #n, and after the reception of the PDSCH ends at slot #n1 (where n+K0≦n1), it transmits UCI via the PUCCH at slot #(n1+K1). Here, the UCI includes a HARQ-ACK response for the PDSCH. In FIG. 5, for the sake of convenience, it is assumed that the SCS for the PDSCH and the SCS for the PUCCH are the same and slot #n1 = slot #n+K0, but the present invention is not limited thereto. When the SCSs are different from each other, K1 is indicated / interpreted based on the SCS of the PUCCH.

[0073] When the PDSCH is configured to transmit a maximum of one TB, the HARQ-ACK response is configured with 1 bit. When the PDSCH is configured to transmit a maximum of two TBs, the HARQ-ACK response is configured with 2 bits if spatial bundling is not configured, and 1 bit if spatial bundling is configured. When the transmission timing of HARQ-ACK for multiple PDSCHs is specified as slot #(n + K1), the UCI transmitted in slot #(n + K1) includes the HARQ-ACK responses for multiple PDSCHs.

[0074] Whether or not the terminal should perform spatial bundling for the HARQ-ACK response can be configured (e.g., RRC / higher layer signaling) for each cell group. As an example, spatial bundling is configured individually for each of the HARQ-ACK responses transmitted via the PUCCH and / or the HARQ-ACK responses transmitted via the PUSCH.

[0075] Spatial bundling is supported when the maximum number of TBs (or codewords) that can be received at once (or scheduled by one DCI) in the serving cell is two (or more than two) (e.g., when the higher layer parameter maxNrofCodeWordsScheduledByDCI corresponds to 2-TB). On the other hand, for 2-TB transmission, more than four layers are used, and for 1-TB transmission, a maximum of four layers are used. As a result, when spatial bundling is configured for the cell group, spatial bundling is performed for the serving cells in the cell group in which more than four layers can be scheduled. On the serving cell, a terminal attempting to transmit the HARQ-ACK response by spatial bundling can generate the HARQ-ACK response by performing a bit-wise logical AND operation on the A / N bits for multiple TBs.

[0076] For example, when it is assumed that a terminal receives DCI that schedules 2-TB and receives 2-TB via PDSCH based on the DCI, a terminal that performs spatial bundling can generate a single A / N bit by logically ANDing a first A / N bit for a first TB and a second A / N bit for a second TB. As a result, when both the first TB and the second TB are ACK, the terminal reports an ACK bit value to the base station, and when any one of the TBs is NACK, the terminal reports a NACK bit value to the base station.

[0077] For example, when only 1-TB is actually scheduled on a serving cell configured to be able to receive 2-TB, the terminal can generate a single A / N bit by logically ANDing the A / N bit for the 1-TB and a bit value of 1. As a result, the terminal reports the A / N bit for the 1-TB to the base station as it is.

[0078] There are multiple parallel DL HARQ processes for DL transmission in the base station / terminal. The multiple parallel HARQ processes enable continuous DL transmission while waiting for HARQ feedback on the success or failure of previous DL transmissions. Each HARQ process is associated with a HARQ buffer in the MAC (Medium Access Control) layer. Each DL HARQ process manages state variables such as the number of transmissions of MAC PDUs (Physical Data Blocks) in the buffer, HARQ feedback for the MAC PDUs in the buffer, and the current redundancy version. Each HARQ process is distinguished by a HARQ process ID.

[0079] FIG. 6 illustrates the PUSCH transmission process. Referring to FIG. 6, a terminal can detect a PDCCH in slot #n. Here, the PDCCH contains uplink scheduling information (e.g., DCI formats 0_0, 0_1). DCI formats 0_0, 0_1 contain the following information.

[0080] - Frequency domain resource assignment: Indicates the set of RBs allocated to PUSCH.

[0081] - Time domain resource assignment: Indicates the slot offset K2, the start position of PUSCH within the slot (e.g., symbol index), and the length (e.g., number of OFDM symbols). The start symbol and length are indicated by SLIV (Start and Length Indicator Value), or are indicated separately.

[0082] Hereafter, the terminal can transmit PUSCH in slot #(n + K2) according to the scheduling information of slot #n. Here, PUSCH includes the UL-SCH TB.

[0083] CSI-related operations

[0084] Figure 7 shows an example of a procedure related to CSI.

[0085] The terminal receives the configuration information related to CSI from the base station via RRC signaling (710). The configuration information related to the CSI includes at least one of information related to CSI-IM (interference management) resource, information related to CSI measurement configuration, information related to CSI resource configuration, information related to CSI-RS resource, or information related to CSI report configuration.

[0086] - For interference measurement (IM) of the terminal, CSI-IM resources are configured. In the time domain, the CSI-IM resource set is configured periodically, semi-persistently, or aperiodically. The CSI-IM resource is configured as zero power (ZP)-CSI-RS for the terminal. ZP-CSI-RS is configured separately from non-zero power (NZP)-CSI-RS.

[0087] - The UE can assume that for one CSI report, the CSI-RS resources for channel measurement configured and the CSI-IM resources / NZP-CSI-RS resources (when NZP-CSI-RS resources are used for interference measurement) for interference measurement are in a QCL relationship with respect to 'QCL-TypeD' for each resource.

[0088] - The CSI resource configuration includes at least one of the CSI-IM resources for interference measurement, the NZP-CSI-RS resources for interference measurement, and the NZP-CSI-RS resources for channel measurement. The CMR (channel measurement resource) is the NZP-CSI-RS for CSI acquisition, and the IMR (Interference measurement resource) is the NZP-CSI-RS for CSI-IM and IM.

[0089] - CSI-RS may be configured for one or more terminals. Different CSI-RS configurations may be provided for each terminal, or the same CSI-RS configuration may be provided for multiple terminals. CSI-RS can support up to 32 antenna ports. CSI-RS corresponding to N (N is 1 or more) antenna ports is mapped to N RE positions within a time-frequency unit corresponding to one slot and one RB. When N is 2 or more, N-port CSI-RS is multiplexed by CDM, FDM, and / or TDM methods. CSI-RS is mapped to other REs excluding the REs where CORESET, DM-RS, and SSB are mapped. In the frequency domain, CSI-RS is configured for the entire bandwidth, a partial bandwidth portion (BWP), or a partial bandwidth. In each RB within the bandwidth where CSI-RS is configured, CSI-RS is transmitted (i.e., density = 1), or CSI-RS is transmitted in every second RB (e.g., even-numbered or odd-numbered RBs) (i.e., density = 1 / 2). When CSI-RS is used as a Tracking Reference Signal (TRS), single-port CSI-RS may be mapped onto three subcarriers in each resource block (i.e., density = 3). In the time domain, one or more CSI-RS resource sets are configured for the terminal. Each CSI-RS resource set includes one or more CSI-RS configurations. Each CSI-RS resource set is configured periodically, semi-persistently, or aperiodically.

[0090] - The CSI report configuration includes settings for feedback type, measurement resources, report type, etc. The NZP-CSI-RS resource set is used for the CSI report configuration (report configuration) of the terminal. The NZP-CSI-RS resource set may be related to CSI-RS or SSB. Also, multiple periodic NZP-CSI-RS resource sets are configured as TRS resource sets. (i) The feedback type includes CQI (channel quality indicator), PMI (precoding matrix indicator), CRI (CSI-RS resource indicator), SSBRI (SS / PBCH block resource indicator), LI (layer indicator), RI (rank indicator), L1-RSRP, etc. (ii) The measurement resources include settings for the downlink signals and / or downlink resources that the terminal should measure to determine the feedback information. The measurement resources are configured as ZP and / or NZP-CSI-RS resource sets related to the CSI report configuration. The NZP-CSI-RS resource set includes a CSI-RS set or an SSB set. For example, L1-RSRP is measured against a CSI-RS set or an SSB set. (iii) The report type includes settings for the time point when the terminal reports and the uplink channel, etc. The reporting time point is set periodically, semi-permanently, or aperiodically. Periodic CSI reports are transmitted on the PUCCH. Semi-permanent CSI reports are transmitted on the PUCCH or PUSCH based on a MAC CE indicating activation / deactivation. Aperiodic CSI reports are indicated by DCI signaling. For example, the CSI request field of an uplink grant indicates one of various report trigger sizes. Aperiodic CSI reports are transmitted on the PUSCH.

[0091] The terminal measures CSI based on the configuration information related to CSI. The CSI measurement includes a procedure of receiving CSI-RS (720) and calculating the received CSI-RS to obtain CSI (730).

[0092] The terminal transmits a CSI report to the base station (740). For the CSI report, the time resources and frequency resources available to the UE are controlled by the base station. CSI (channel state information) includes at least one of CQI (channel quality indicator), PMI (precoding matrix indicator), CRI (CSI-RS resource indicator), SSBRI (SS / PBCH block resource indicator), LI (layer indicator), RI (rank indicator), L1-RSRP, and / or L-SINR.

[0093] The time domain behavior of CSI reports supports periodic, semi-persistent, or aperiodic. i) P (periodic)-CSI reports are performed on short PUCCH and long PUCCH. The periodicity and slot offset of P-CSI reports are configured in RRC, referring to the CSI-ReportConfig IE. ii) SP (semi-periodic)-CSI reports are performed on short PUCCH, long PUCCH, or PUSCH. When it is SP-CSI on short PUCCH / long PUCCH, the periodicity and slot offset are configured in RRC, and CSI reporting is activated / deactivated by another MAC CE / DCI. When it is SP-CSI on PUSCH, the periodicity of SP-CSI reports is configured in RRC, but the slot offset is not configured in RRC, and SP-CSI reporting is activated / deactivated by DCI (format 0_1). For SP-CSI reporting on PUSCH, a separate RNTI (SP-CSI C-RNTI) is used. The first CSI reporting timing follows the PUSCH time domain allocation value indicated by DCI, and subsequent CSI reporting timings follow the period configured in RRC. DCI format 0_1 includes a CSI request field and activates / deactivates a preset predetermined SP-CSI trigger state. SP-CSI reports have the same or similar activation / deactivation as the mechanism with data transmission on SPS PUSCH. iii) AP-CSI reports are performed on PUSCH and triggered by DCI. In this case, the information related to the trigger of AP-CSI reports is transmitted / instructed / configured by MAC-CE.In the case of AP-CSI with AP-CSI-RS, the AP-CSI-RS reception timing is set by RRC, and the transmission timing for AP-CSI reporting is dynamically controlled by DCI.

[0094] QCL (quasi-co location)

[0095] When the channel properties of an antenna port can be inferred from the channels of other antenna ports, the two antenna ports are quasi co-located. The channel properties include one or more of Delay spread, Doppler spread, Frequency / Doppler shift, Average received power, Received Timing / average delay, and Spatial RX parameter.

[0096] A list of multiple TCI-State configurations is set for the terminal by the higher layer parameter PDSCH-Config. Each TCI-State is associated with the QCL configuration parameters between one or two DL reference signals and the DM-RS ports of PDSCH. QCL includes qcl-Type1 for the first DL RS and qcl-Type2 for the second DL RS. The QCL type corresponds to any one of the following.

[0097] - ‘QCL-TypeA’: {Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, delay spread}

[0098] - ‘QCL-TypeB’: {Doppler shift, Doppler spread}

[0099] -‘QCL-TypeC’: {Doppler shift, average delay}

[0100] - ‘QCL-TypeD’: {Spatial Rx parameter}

[0101] Beam Management (BM)

[0102] The BM process is a process for obtaining and maintaining a set of BSs (or transmission and reception points (TRPs)) and / or UE beams that can be used for downlink (DL) and uplink (UL) transmission / reception, and includes the following processes and terms.

[0103] - Beam measurement: The operation where a BS or UE measures the characteristics of a received beamforming signal.

[0104] - Beam determination: The operation where a BS or UE selects its own transmission beam (Tx beam) / reception beam (Rx beam).

[0105] - Beam sweeping: The operation of covering a spatial domain using transmission and / or reception beams for a certain time interval in a predetermined manner.

[0106] - Beam report: The operation where a UE reports information on a beamformed signal based on beam measurement.

[0107] The BM process is classified into (1) a DL BM process using SSB or CSI-RS and (2) a UL BM process using SRS (Sounding reference signal). Also, each BM process includes Tx beam sweeping for determining a Tx beam and Rx beam sweeping for determining an Rx beam.

[0108] At this time, the DL BM process includes: (1) transmission of beamformed DL RS (e.g., CSI-RS or SSB) by the BS, and (2) beam reporting by the UE.

[0109] Here, the beam report includes the preferred DL RS ID and the corresponding reference signal received power (RSRP). The DL RS ID is the SSBRI (SSB Resource Indicator) or the CRI (CSI-RS Resource Indicator).

[0110] M-TRP (multi-transmission and reception point) transmission

[0111] In NR standard release 17, M-TRP PDCCH repeated transmission, M-TRP PDCCH / PDSCH SFN transmission, S-DCI-based M-TRP PUSCH repeated transmission, and single PUCCH resource-based M-TRP PUCCH repeated transmission are supported.

[0112] All of these transmission techniques are enhancements for URLLC aimed at increasing reliability, and the same content (i.e., DCI, UL TB, or UCI) is repeatedly transmitted. In the case of M-TRP PDCCH repeated transmission, it is transmitted repeatedly in a TDM or FDM manner, M-TRP PDCCH / PDSCH SFN is repeatedly transmitted in the same time / frequency / layer, S-DCI-based M-TRP PUSCH repeated transmission is in TDM, and single PUCCH resource-based M-TRP PUCCH repeated transmission is transmitted repeatedly in a TDM manner.

[0113] - S-DCI-based M-TRP PDCCH repeated transmission

[0114] In NR standard release 17, for M-TRP PDCCH repeated transmission, a plurality of CORESETs with different TCI states (i.e., different QCL RSs) are configured for the UE, and a plurality of SS (Search Space) sets connected to each of the CORESETs are configured. The base station instructs / sets the UE that the SS set connected to one CORESET and the SS set connected to the other CORESET are linked for repeated transmission, so that the UE can know that the PDCCH candidates of the SS set are repeatedly transmitted.

[0115] For example, CORESET #0 and CORESET #1, which are two CORESETs, are configured for the UE. Each of CORESET #0 and CORESET #1 is connected to SS sets #0 and 1, and SS set #0 and SS set #1 are linked. The UE can know that the PDCCH candidates of SS set #0 and the PDCCH candidates of SS set #1 repeatedly transmit the same DCI, and it can be known that they are pairs configured for the specific PDCCH candidates of SS set #0 and the specific PDCCH candidates of SS set #1 to repeatedly transmit the same DCI according to a predetermined rule. These two PDCCH candidates are called linked PDCCH candidates. When the UE accurately receives any one of the two PDCCH candidates, it can successfully decode the DCI. However, when receiving the PDCCH candidates of SS set #0, the QCL RS (i.e., the downlink beam) of the TCI state of CORESET #0 connected to SS set #0 is used, and when receiving the PDCCH candidates of SS set #1, the QCL RS (i.e., the downlink beam) of the TCI state of CORESET #1 connected to SS set #1 is used, so that the linked PDCCH candidates are received with different beams from each other.

[0116] - M-TRP SFN PDCCH

[0117] As a special case of M-TRP PDCCH repeated transmission, multiple TRPs can repeatedly transmit the same DCI using the same time / frequency / DM-RS port, which is called SFN PDCCH transmission. However, for SFN PDCCH transmission, instead of configuring multiple CORESETs with different TCI states, the base station configures multiple TCI states in one CORESET. When the UE receives PDCCH candidates through the SS set connected to that one CORESET, it uses all of those multiple TCI states to perform channel estimation of PDCCH DM-RS and attempt decoding.

[0118] - M-TRP SFN PDSCH

[0119] When the M-TRP PDSCH is repeatedly transmitted, two TRPs repeatedly transmit the channel on different resources. However, as a special case, even when the resources used by the two TRPs are the same, that is, when the same channel is repeatedly transmitted using the same frequency, time, layer (or DM-RS port), the reliability of the channel can be improved. In this case, the same channel that is repeatedly transmitted is not resource-segmented and is received combined in the air, so it is recognized as one channel at the receiving end. In the NR standard, for PDSCH SFN transmission, two downlink TCI states for PDSCH DM-RS reception are configured.

[0120] - M-TRP PUSCH repeated transmission based on S-DCI

[0121] For the M-TRP PUSCH transmission based on the S-DCI foundation, the base station configures two SRS sets for the UE, and each SRS set is used for indicating the uplink transmission ports and uplink beam / QCL information towards TRP #1 and TRP #2. Also, the base station performs SRS resource indication for each SRS set through two SRI fields in one DCI, and can indicate up to two power control (PC) parameter sets. For example, the first SRI field indicates the SRS resources and the PC parameter set defined in set 0, and the second SRI field indicates the SRS resources and the PC parameter set defined in set 1.

[0122] The UE is indicated by the first SRI field with the uplink transmission port, PC parameter set, and uplink beam / QCL information towards TRP #1, and thereby performs PUSCH transmission at the TO corresponding to SRS set #0. Similarly, the UE is indicated by the second SRI field with the uplink transmission port, PC parameter set, and uplink beam / QCL information towards TRP #2, and thereby performs PUSCH transmission at the TO corresponding to SRS set #1.

[0123] - M-TRP PUCCH repeated transmission based on a single PUCCH resource foundation

[0124] For the M-TRP PUCCH transmission based on a single PUCCH resource foundation, the base station activates / configures two spatial relation infos for the UE in a single PUCCH resource. When UL UCI is transmitted by that PUCCH resource, each spatial relation info is used for indicating the spatial relation information towards TRP #1 and TRP #2.

[0125] For example, according to the value indicated by the first spatial relation info, the UE is instructed with the transmission beam / PC parameter towards TRP #1, and uses this information to perform PUCCH transmission at the TO corresponding to TRP #1. Similarly, according to the value indicated by the second spatial relation info, the UE is instructed with the transmission beam / PC parameter towards TRP #2, and uses this information to perform PUCCH transmission at the TO corresponding to TRP #2.

[0126] In the Rel 17 standardization meeting, the setting method was enhanced so that two spatial relation infos are set for the PUCCH resource for M-TRP PUCCH repeated transmission. That is, when a PC parameter is set for each spatial relation info, a spatial relation (RS) can be set. As a result, the PC information and the spatial relation RS information corresponding to two TRPs can be set by two spatial relation infos, and the UE transmits on the PUCCH using the first spatial relation info at TO 1, and transmits on the same UCI (i.e., CSI, ACKNAK, SR) PUCCH using the second spatial relation info at TO 2.

[0127] Hereinafter, a PUCCH resource with two spatial relation infos set is referred to as an M-TRP PUCCH resource, and a PUCCH resource with one spatial relation info set is referred to as an S-TRP PUCCH resource.

[0128] Meaning of TCI state / beam indication

[0129] When receiving data / DCI / UCI for any frequency / time / space resource, the meaning of using or mapping a specific TCI state (or, TCI) means that in the case of the downlink, the channel is estimated from the DM-RS using the QCL type and QCL RS indicated by the downlink TCI state in that frequency / time / space resource, and the data / DCI is received / demodulated using the estimated channel.

[0130] In the case of the uplink, it means transmitting / modulating DM-RS and data / UCI using the transmission beam and / or transmission power indicated by the uplink TCI state in that frequency / time / spatial resource.

[0131] The uplink TCI state includes the UE's transmission beam or transmission power information. Instead of the TCI state, spatial relation information, etc. may be set for the UE by other parameters.

[0132] The uplink TCI state may be directly indicated in the DCI that transmits the uplink grant, or may mean the spatial relation information of the SRS resource indicated by the SRI field of the UL grant DCI. Alternatively, it may mean the open-loop transmission power control parameters concatenated to the value indicated by the SRI field of the UL grant DCI. Alternatively, the uplink TCI may be indicated using the DL grant DCI.

[0133] AI / ML (Artificial intelligence / machine learning)

[0134] Due to the technological development of AI / ML, the nodes and terminals constituting the wireless communication network are being intelligentized / advanced. In particular, due to the intelligentization of the network / base station, various environmental parameters (e.g., the distribution / position of base stations, the distribution / position / material of buildings / furniture, the position / movement direction / speed of terminals, climate information, etc.) can quickly optimize and derive / apply various network / base station decision parameter values (e.g., the transmission and reception power of each base station, the transmission power of each terminal, the precoder / beam of the base station / terminal, the time / frequency resource allocation for each terminal, the multiplexing method of each base station, etc.). Following such a trend, many standardization groups (e.g., 3GPP, O-RAN) are considering its introduction, and research on this is also actively underway.

[0135] Although AI / ML can be easily called artificial intelligence based on deep learning infrastructure in a narrow sense, conceptually, it is as shown in Figure 8.

[0136] - Artificial Intelligence: It corresponds to all automation in which machines can replace humans in doing what humans should do.

[0137] - Machine Learning: Without explicitly programming rules, machines learn patterns for decision-making from data by themselves.

[0138] - Deep Learning: An AI / ML model based on artificial neural networks, in which machines perform feature extraction and judgment from unstructured data at once, and the algorithm depends on a multi-layer network composed of nodes connected to each other for feature extraction and transformation inspired by the biological nervous system, that is, the neural network. General deep learning network architectures include deep neural networks (DNNs), recurrent neural networks (RNNs), and convolutional neural networks (CNNs).

[0139] Classification of AI / ML types according to various criteria

[0140] 1. Offline vs Online

[0141] (1) Offline Learning: Follow the procedures of database collection, learning, and prediction sequentially, that is, perform collection and learning offline, install the completed program on-site, and utilize it for prediction work. In most situations, such an offline learning method is used.

[0142] (2) Online Learning: Recently, a method called online learning utilizes the fact that data available for learning is continuously generated by the Internet, and with the newly generated data, incremental additional learning is performed to gradually improve performance.

[0143] 2. Classification by the concept of AI / ML framework

[0144] (1) Centralized Learning: When training data collected at multiple different nodes is reported to a central node, all data resources / storage / learning (e.g., supervised, unsupervised, reinforcement learning, etc.) are performed at a single central node.

[0145] (2) Federated Learning: A collective AI / ML model is constructed based on data held by distributed data owners. Instead of bringing data to the AI / ML model, the AI / ML model is brought to the data source so that local nodes / individual devices can collect data and train their own copies of the AI / ML model, eliminating the need to report source data to a central node. In federated learning, the intermediate variables / weights of the AI / ML model may simply be resent to a centralized node to assist in the training of a general AI / ML model. The advantages of federated learning are increased computing speed and excellent information security. That is, since the process of uploading personal data to a central server is unnecessary, personal information leakage and abuse can be prevented.

[0146] (3) Distributed Learning: Refers to the concept that the machine learning process is extended and distributed across an entire node cluster. The training AI / ML model is shared among multiple nodes that are split and operate simultaneously to increase the speed of AI / ML model training.

[0147] 3. Classification by learning method

[0148] (1) Supervised Learning: Supervised learning is a machine learning task that aims to learn the mapping function from input to output when a labeled dataset is provided. The input data is called training data and has known labels or results. Examples of supervised learning include (i) Regression: Linear Regression, Logistic Regression, (ii) Instance-based Algorithms: k-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), (iii) Decision Tree Algorithms: CART, (iv) Support Vector Machines: SVM, (v) Bayesian Algorithms: Naive Bayes, and (vi) Ensemble Algorithms: Extreme Gradient Boosting, Bagging: Random Forest, etc. Supervised learning can be further grouped by regression and classification problems. Classification is to predict labels, and regression is to predict quantities.

[0149] (2) Unsupervised Learning: Unsupervised learning is a machine learning task that aims to learn the function to explain the hidden structure in unlabeled data. The input data has no assigned labels and no known results. Some examples of unsupervised learning are K-means clustering, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Nonlinear Independent Component Analysis (ICA), and LSTM, etc.

[0150] (3)Reinforcement Learning: In reinforcement learning (RL), an agent aims to optimize long-term goals by interacting with the environment based on a trial-and-error process, which is a goal-oriented learning based on the interaction with the environment. Examples of RL algorithms include (i) Q-learning, (ii) Multi-armed bandit learning, (iii) Deep Q Network, State-Action-Reward-State-Action (SARSA), (iv) Temporal Difference Learning, (v) Actor-critic reinforcement learning, (vi) Deep deterministic policy gradient, and (vii) Monte-Carlo tree search. Reinforcement learning can be further grouped into RL based on AI / ML models and RL without AI / ML models. Model-based reinforcement learning is an RL algorithm that uses a predictive AI / ML model and obtains the establishment of switching between states using various dynamic states of the environment and the AI / ML model where such states lead to compensation. Model-free reinforcement learning is an RL algorithm based on the value or policy that achieves the maximum future compensation, and in a multi-agent environment / state, the calculation is not complex and it is necessary to accurately represent the environment. On the other hand, RL algorithms can also be classified into value-based RL vs. policy-based RL, policy-based RL vs. off-policy RL, etc.

[0151] AI / ML model

[0152] Figure 9 illustrates a Feed-Forward Neural Network (FFNN) AI / ML model. Referring to Figure 9, the FFNN AI / ML model includes an input layer, a hidden layer, and an output layer.

[0153] Figure 10 illustrates an RNN (Recurrent Neural Network) AI / ML model. Referring to Figure 10, the RNN AI / ML model is a type of artificial neural network with a cyclic structure where hidden nodes are connected by edges with a direction, and it is an AI / ML model suitable for processing sequentially appearing data such as voice and text. As a type of RNN, there is LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory), and LSTM has a structure where a cell state is added to the hidden state of the RNN. Specifically, in LSTM, an input gate, a forget gate, and an output gate are added to the RNN cell, and a cell state is added.

[0154] Figure 11 illustrates a CNN (Convolution Neural Network) AI / ML model. The CNN applies a convolution operation commonly used in the fields of video processing and image processing for two purposes: reducing the complexity of the AI / ML model and extracting good features. Referring to Figure 11, a kernel or filter means a unit / structure that applies weighted values to a predetermined range / unit of input. Stride means the moving range for moving the kernel within the input. A feature map means the result of applying the kernel to the input. Padding means a value padded to adjust the size of the feature map. Pooling means an operation (e.g., max pooling, average pooling) for downsampling the feature map and reducing the size of the feature map.

[0155] Figure 12 shows an auto-encoder AI / ML model. Referring to Figure 12, an auto-encoder is a neural network that takes a feature vector x as input and outputs the same or a similar vector x’, where the input nodes and output nodes have the same features, and it is a type of unsupervised learning.

[0156] FIG. 13 is a diagram for explaining a framework for 3GPP RAN (radio access network) Intelligence.

[0157] Define the terms related to AI / ML as follows (refer to 3GPP TS37.817).

[0158] - Data collection: Data collected from network nodes, management entities or terminals, which is the basis for ML AI / ML model learning, data analysis and inference.

[0159] - ML Model: A data-driven algorithm of a data base that generates a set of outputs consisting of information predicted based on a set of inputs by applying an ML method.

[0160] - ML training: An online or offline process of learning the functions and patterns that best represent the data, training the ML AI / ML model, and obtaining the ML AI / ML model learned for inference.

[0161] - ML inference: A process of guiding predictions or decisions based on the data collected using the learned ML AI / ML model and the ML AI / ML model.

[0162] Referring to FIG. 13, data collection is a function that provides input data to the AI / ML model learning and AI / ML model inference functions. Data preparation for each AI / ML algorithm (e.g., data preprocessing and collation, formatting, and conversion) is not performed by the data collection function.

[0163] Examples of input data include measurements of the UE or other network entities, feedback from an Actor, and outputs of AI / ML models. Training data is the data required for input to the AI / ML model training function. Inference data is the data required for input to the AI / ML model inference function.

[0164] AI / ML model training is part of the AI / ML model test procedure and is a function that performs ML AI / ML model training, verification, and testing capable of generating AI / ML model performance metrics. Optionally, the AI / ML model training function can also be responsible for data preparation (e.g., data preprocessing and collation, formatting, and conversion) based on the training data provided by the data collection function.

[0165] AI / ML model deployment / update: Used to initially distribute the trained, verified, and tested AI / ML model to the AI / ML model inference function or to transmit the updated AI / ML model to the AI / ML model inference function.

[0166] Model inference is a function that provides AI / ML model inference outputs (e.g., predictions or decisions). In some cases, the AI / ML model inference function may provide AI / ML model performance feedback to the AI / ML model training function. Optionally, the AI / ML model inference function can also perform data preparation (e.g., data preprocessing and collation, formatting, and conversion) based on the inference data transmitted by the data collection function. The output means the inference output of the AI / ML model generated by the AI / ML model inference function. AI / ML model performance feedback is used to monitor the performance of the AI / ML model.

[0167] An Actor is a function that receives the output of an AI / ML model inference function and triggers or executes the action. The Actor triggers work towards other entities or itself. Feedback is information necessary to derive training or inference data or performance feedback.

[0168] Data set

[0169] The data used in AI / ML includes at least one of AI / ML model training data, validation data, and test data.

[0170] AI / ML model training data is a dataset for learning an AI / ML model.

[0171] Validation data is a dataset for validating an AI / ML model for which learning has already been completed. It is used to prevent over-fitting of the AI / ML model training dataset. It may also be a dataset for selecting the best among various AI / ML models learned during the learning process, and thus can be regarded as a type of learning.

[0172] Test data is a dataset for final evaluation and may have no relation to learning.

[0173] For example, the AI / ML model training data and validation data may be used in a ratio of 8:2 or 7:3, and when considering test data as well, they may be used in a ratio of 6:2:2 (training:validation:test).

[0174] Collaboration level

[0175] As an example, depending on the availability of AI / ML functions between the base station and the terminal, the cooperation level (or category) is defined as follows, and variations by combining or separating the following levels are also possible.

[0176] Cat 0a) No collaboration framework: The AI / ML algorithm is implemented, but it does not require changes on the radio interface.

[0177] Cat 0b) An interface modified to implement a more efficient AL / ML algorithm is provided.

[0178] Cat 1) Collaboration between nodes is possible for improving the AL / ML algorithms of each node. The terminal receives or provides assistance from the base station for training, adaptation, etc. However, the exchange of AI / ML model information between network nodes is not required.

[0179] Cat 2) It is a Joint AI / ML operation between the terminal and the base station, and instructions / exchanges between network nodes are required.

[0180] TD (Time Domain) Compressed Codebook

[0181] Figures 14 and 15 are diagrams showing an example of reporting PMI for a plurality of time instances.

[0182] In particular, the PMI shown in Figures 14 and 15 ref_rsc , PMI ref_rsc+τ and PMI ref_rsc+2τ are compressed based on a TD (Time Domain) compression codebook to reduce the PMI feedback overhead.

[0183] As shown in Figures 14 and 15, in order to determine the time instance of the channel represented by the PMI, the base station performs the following signaling to the UE. As an example of the signaling, it is indicated by the parameters of the RRC signaling for codebook setting.

[0184] First, indicate how many time instances are to be represented by PMI. In FIGS. 14 and 15, the number of time instances is three. The number of time instances is set in consideration of the time-varying nature of the channel. For this purpose, the UE reports its speed information, Doppler information (Doppler shift / spread), etc. to the base station. Alternatively, the UE reports to the base station the number of time instances it prefers based on its speed or Doppler information, and the base station confirms or makes the final selection. The UE reports candidate values for the value of the number of time instances as UE capabilities.

[0185] Also, in FIGS. 14 and 15, indicate the interval τ value between each time instance. The τ value is set in consideration of the time-varying nature of the channel. For this purpose, the UE reports its speed information, Doppler information (Doppler shift / spread), etc. to the base station. Alternatively, the UE reports to the base station the τ value it prefers based on its speed or Doppler information, and the base station confirms it or makes the final selection. The τ value is expressed in terms of absolute time, slot OFDM symbols, etc. The UE reports candidate values for the τ value as UE capabilities.

[0186] Indicate which time instance among the time instances set as described above the CSI reference resource corresponds to.

[0187] In Fig. 14, among the three time instances, the CSI reference resource is set for the first time instance, and for this purpose, the base station sets the time instance offset of the CSI reference resource to 0. As the CSI reference resource is set for the first time instance, the remaining time instances at subsequent time points are set after the CSI reference resource. In Fig. 15, among the three time instances, the CSI reference resource is set for the last (third) time instance, and for this purpose, the base station sets the time instance offset of the CSI reference resource to 2. As the CSI reference resource is set for the third time instance, the remaining time instances at the previous time points are set before the CSI reference resource.

[0188] The time instance offset is set considering the time-varying nature of the channel. For this purpose, the UE reports its speed information, Doppler information (Doppler shift / spread), etc. to the base station. Alternatively, the UE reports to the base station the time instance offset it prefers from its own speed or Doppler information, and the base station either confirms this or makes the final selection. Also, depending on the UE implementation, as shown in Fig. 14, UEs that can set the time instance offset to other time instances than the last time instance, and as shown in Fig. 15, UEs that can set the time instance offset only to the last time instance are distinguished, and this is reported as UE capability. The latter does not need to perform channel prediction, so the implementation is simple, but the former needs to perform channel prediction, so the implementation is complex.

[0189] More specifically, in the case of the former, it is possible to additionally report the minimum value of the settable time instance offset or the candidates for the settable time instance offset values. The smaller the minimum value, the more channel prediction needs to be performed, so the UE implementation becomes more complex.

[0190] CPU (CSI processing unit) count scheme in CSI calculation

[0191] In 3GPP NR standard Release 18 MIMO, after the UE performs channel measurements from burst CSI-RS transmitted over several hours, CSI for multiple time instances will be calculated / reported. In this case, the CSI can be reported as one codebook / PMI based on the TD (Time-Domain) / DD (Doppler-Domain) compression codebook, i.e., using Type II codebook, or the W2 for multiple time instances can be reported respectively without TD / DD compression. This CSI requires very high complexity from the channel measurement aspect and CSI calculation aspect compared to the conventional CSI for one time instance, i.e., the CSI reference resource slot.

[0192] Therefore, in the present invention, when it is set to report CSI for multiple time instances, a method is proposed to adjust the related value of the CPU (CSI processing unit) or CSI processing time of the CSI, reflecting the high computational complexity.

[0193] According to the conventional NR standard, one CSI-RS resource used for channel measurement occupies one CPU. However, when the CSI-RS resource is set to burst in the time domain, channel measurements are performed with the CSI-RS, and CSI for multiple time instances is calculated, it is proposed not to count the CSI-RS as one CPU but as a value greater than one (e.g., two or more).

[0194] 1) CPU counting scheme #1

[0195] As a specific example regarding the increase in the number of CPUs, it is possible to occupy (or use) CPUs by the number of a plurality of time instances (e.g., N). For example, when CSI is calculated / reported for three time instances, three CPUs are used for the CSI, and in the same sense, three CPUs are used for the CSI-RS used for channel measurement of the CSI.

[0196] When TD / DD compression is used, the number of time instances is the same as the length of the TD / DD basis vector. On the other hand, when reporting a plurality of W2s without TD / DD compression, the number of time instances is the same as the number of W2s.

[0197] By extending this, it is proposed to use N*M CPUs when a plurality (e.g., M) of CMRs are set for the CSI. However, since there is a risk that too many CPUs are set and the utilization efficiency for CPU resources decreases, it may be possible to use M+N CPUs instead of N*M.

[0198] Specifically, the UE selects CRI for M CMRs in the same manner as in the prior art (i.e., a method of selecting CRI by CSI for conventional CSI reference resources without considering a plurality of time instances). In this process, M CPUs are used, and CSI for a plurality of time instances is calculated based on the selected CRI. In this process, N CPUs are used. In the process of calculating CSI for a plurality of time instances based on the selected CRI, since CSI for one time instance (e.g., CSI for CSI reference resources) has already been calculated in the process of selecting CRI (i.e., the process of using M CPUs), it is also possible to optimize by using M+N-1 CPUs instead of M+N.

[0199] Furthermore, as a method to further reduce the number of CPUs, a method of counting to 1 + N can also be considered. That is, in the process of selecting CSI-RS as CRI, the UE selects one CSI-RS based on simple metrics such as the RSRP of the CSI-RS. One CPU is used in this process, and then N CPUs are used for the selected CSI-RS. Considering that these two processes are connected in a serial process, the number of CPUs can be calculated as min(1, N), or since the N value is always 1 or more, it can be calculated as N.

[0200] Similarly, it can be calculated by min(N, M) instead of M + N CPUs. Alternatively, more simply, when reporting CSI for multiple time instances, the UE does not expect the base station to be set to report the CRI together for the said CSI. As a result, when the base station sets CSI reports for multiple time instances, it does not set to report the CRI together for the said CSI.

[0201] 2) CPU Counting Scheme #2

[0202] As another scheme, when the number of multiple time instances (e.g., N) is two or more, 1 + alpha CPUs can be occupied (or used). For example, when CSI is calculated / reported for three time instances, two CPUs (e.g., alpha = 1) are used for the said CSI, and in the same sense, two CPUs are used for the CSI-RS used for channel measurement of the said CSI.

[0203] Alpha can have its value change according to the number of multiple time instances. For example, it can be set to 1 when 1 < N < 5, and set to 2 when 4 < N < 10, and this alpha value according to N can be reported by the UE to the base station (e.g., with UE capability).

[0204] This can be extended and applied when multiple (e.g., M) CMRs are set for the CSI. That is, it can be applied by replacing N with 1 + alpha in the CPU count scheme #1.

[0205] 3) CPU count scheme #3

[0206] As another example, as a specific implementation example regarding the increase in the number of CPUs, as the time interval (e.g., τ or TD unit) of the time instance increases, more CPUs can be occupied (or used). The wider the time interval, the more complex the UE implementation becomes because CSI for a more distant future has to be predicted. For example, when the τ value is 2 slots, more CPUs are used than when it is 1 slot.

[0207] In Legacy operation, in the case of beam reporting such as RSRP / SINR, one CPU is used regardless of the number of CMRs set for the beam reporting. Therefore, when applying the proposed method to beam reporting, the number of CPUs increases regardless of the number of CMRs (i.e., the same as when there is one set CMR).

[0208] 4) CPU count scheme #4

[0209] As another example, the number of CPUs used may be determined according to the number of CSI-RS resources constituting the burst CSI-RS resources. For example, when the set burst size (window) = L (i.e., L CSI-RSs constitute one burst CSI-RS resource), and the number of CSI-RSs within the burst CSI-RS resources that can be processed within 1 CPU reported by the terminal's capability is W, when L > W, the number of CPUs can be increased by ceil(M / W) times. ceil(M / W) can be applied instead of N in the N-based CPU number determination method proposed in the CPU count scheme #1.

[0210] CPU priority determination scheme in CSI calculation

[0211] If the number of remaining CPUs is smaller than the number of CPUs of the newly used CSI, the priority of CSI is determined according to the conventional NR standard, and the remaining CPUs are allocated from the CSI with a high priority. That is, CSI is compared in the order of time domain behavior (P-CSI, SP-CSI, or AP-CSI), reporting quantity, serving cell index, and CSI report config ID.

[0212] A method is proposed to add a method of setting the priority of CSI for multiple time instances differently from that of the conventional CSI to the conventional priority determination method. For example, CSI for multiple time instances or conventional CSI can be prioritized, and such priority comparison can be performed before time domain behavior comparison, before reporting quantity comparison, before serving cell index comparison, or before CSI report config ID comparison.

[0213] CPU occupancy time in CSI calculation

[0214] According to the current NR standard, in the case of P-CSI (Periodic CSI) or SP (Semi-Persistent CSI), although it is not later than the CSI reference resource in terms of time, the CPU is used from the first symbol of the earliest resource among the latest CMR / IMR until CSI reporting.

[0215] However, when calculating CSI for multiple time instances, the measurement window may not be set based on the CSI reference resource. Therefore, in this case, it can be stipulated that the CPU is used starting from the start time of the measurement window (if the measurement windows for CMR and IMR are different, the earliest measurement window), that is, from the first OFDM symbol of the measurement window.

[0216] When reporting W2 for multiple time instances without TD / DD compression, the reporting time of W2 can be different for each W2. For example, a method of reporting RI / W1 / W2 / CQI in slot 1 and reusing RI and W1 in slot 2 and reporting only W2 (or only W2 and CQI) can be considered. In this case, the end time of CPU usage is the time when the reporting of W2 for the last time instance ends.

[0217] CSI computation time

[0218] According to the current NR standard, the CSI processing time for CSI using the type II codebook is determined according to Z2 (that is, Z2, Z2').

[0219] For example, when multiple CSI reports via PUSCH are triggered by the CSI request field included in DCI, in the current NR standard, the first uplink symbol for transmitting the multiple CSI reports cannot start earlier than Z ref and it is stipulated that the first uplink symbol for transmitting the nth CSI report among the multiple CSI reports cannot start earlier than Z'. ref Here, Z ref is a value proportional to Z2, and Z' refIt is a value proportional to Z2’. In particular, Z2 means the time from the last symbol of the PDCCH where the DCI triggering the CSI report is received to the first symbol reporting the CSI, and Z2’ means the time from the last symbol of the AP-CSI-RS used for channel measurement for the nth CSI report to the first symbol reporting the nth CSI.

[0220] If only one CSI report is made, Z2 means the time from the last symbol of the PDCCH where the DCI triggering the CSI report is received to the first symbol reporting the CSI, and Z2’ means the time from the last symbol of the AP-CSI-RS used for channel measurement for the CSI report to the first symbol reporting the CSI.

[0221] On the other hand, since the CSI for multiple time instances, that is, the type II codebook-based CSI, has a larger computational amount than the conventional CSI for a single time instance, it is necessary to increase the Z2 value. For this purpose, the increment relative to the conventional Z2 value can be reported by the UE capability. Alternatively, the value for the new Z2 applied to the CSI for multiple time instances can be defined in tabular form.

[0222] Also, different Z2 values may be applied according to the number (N) of multiple time instances. For example, when N = 2, each of Z2 and Z2’ is set to 50 and 40, and when N = 3, each of Z2 and Z2’ is set to 60 and 50, and Z2 can be increased as the N value increases.

[0223] Also, as the time interval (e.g., in τ or TD units) of the time instances increases, more processing time can be used. The wider the time interval, the more necessary it is to predict the CSI for the more distant future, so the UE implementation becomes more complex. For example, a larger Z2 is used when the τ value is 2 slots than when it is 1 slot.

[0224] In legacy operations, in the case of beam reports such as RSRP / SINR, the Z3 value is used as the processing time. Therefore, when applying the proposed method to beam reports, Z3 can be applied instead of Z2.

[0225] Furthermore, the Z and Z' values may change according to the start or end point of the CSI reporting window. For example, when the CSI reporting window starts from slot 1 and ends at slot 9, and time instances are set at intervals of 2 slots, the UE calculates / reports PMI / CQI based on the predicted channels for each of slot 1, slot 3, slot 5, slot 7, and slot 9. At this time, when the CSI is reported at slot 0, the complexity for the UE to predict the channel increases as the start point (= slot 1) or end point (= slot 9) of the CSI reporting window is farther away from slot 0, which is the reporting time. Therefore, it is preferable to increase the number of CPUs, Z, and Z' values as the start point (= slot 1) or end point (= slot 9) of the CSI reporting window is farther away from the reporting time. Alternatively, it is preferable to increase the number of CPUs, Z, and Z' values as the start point (= slot 1) or end point (= slot 9) of the CSI reporting window is farther away from the CSI reference resource slot.

[0226] Also, it can be considered to increase the CPU, Z, and Z' values according to the CSI measurement window. The CSI measurement window is determined by the number of measurement occasions of burst (ZP / NZP) CSI-RS for channel measurement or interference measurement, and the time interval between measurement occasions.

[0227] For example, when the number of measurement occasions and the time interval between measurement occasions are both 5 and 1 slot respectively, CSI-RS is transmitted / received / measured every slot within 5 slots at 1-slot intervals.

[0228] Also, as another example, the following two burst CSI-RS patterns can be considered.

[0229] - Burst CSI-RS pattern #1: Four measurement opportunities of CSI-RS are set at an interval of 1 slot.

[0230] - Burst CSI-RS pattern #2: Eight measurement opportunities of CSI-RS are set at an interval of 2 slots.

[0231] In burst CSI-RS pattern #1, CSI-RS resources are set in each slot within 4 slots, while in burst CSI-RS pattern #2, CSI-RS resources are set at an interval of 2 slots within 16 slots. That is, pattern 2 needs to perform channel measurements more frequently for a longer period of time compared to pattern 1. Therefore, since the number of measurement opportunities and / or the time interval between measurement opportunities of burst CSI-RS pattern #2 are larger than those of burst CSI-RS pattern #1, in this case, it is preferable to set the Z and Z' values for pattern 2 to larger values than those of burst CSI-RS pattern #1. Also, it is preferable to set the Z and Z' values when reporting CSI using the CMR / IMR of the burst CSI-RS pattern to be even larger than the conventional Z and Z' values used when reporting CSI using the conventional CMR / IMR instead of the burst CSI-RS pattern.

[0232] Similar to the method of determining the Z and Z' values, the number of CPUs can change according to the CSI measurement window, and the larger the number of measurement opportunities and / or the time interval between measurement opportunities, the more CPUs can be allocated / utilized.

[0233] If burst CSI-RS is transmitted for the time after the Z symbol with respect to the last symbol of the AP (Aperiodic) CSI triggering DCI, the CSI report for the CSI-RS can be omitted, or the most recently reported CSI that is not updated can be transmitted again. Alternatively, CSI can be calculated / reported using only the first measurement opportunity among the burst CSI-RS. Similarly, for the report on the burst CSI-RS transmitted at the time after the Z symbol from the last symbol of the CMR / IMR, the report can be omitted, or the most recently reported CSI that is not updated can be transmitted again, or CSI can be calculated / reported using only the first measurement opportunity among the burst CSI-RS.

[0234] In one report, the Z and Z' values can be increased according to the number of NZP-CSI-RS resources set in the CMR. For the UE to measure the channel between multiple time / slots, the base station sets K CSI-RS resources transmitted at different times, and the i-th port of the CSI-RS resources can all be interpreted as the same port. In this case, the Z and Z' values can be increased according to K. For example, they can be increased by K*alpha or (K - 1)*alpha, or the range of K can be predefined and the increment value can be set individually for each range.

[0235] Fall back CSI report

[0236] When the CSI processing time or CPU is insufficient, conventionally, the legacy operation is to ignore the DCI that triggers CSI or to perform an operation of not updating the CSI itself.

[0237] In contrast, in the present invention, when the processing time for CSI for a plurality of time instances is insufficient, the UE can attempt to calculate / report CSI for a conventional single time instance calculated using the CMR / IMR set for that CSI instead of the CSI for the plurality of time instances. That is, when applying the conventional Z2 value, it is determined whether the processing time for CSI for a single time instance is sufficient. If the processing time is sufficient, CSI for a single time instance is calculated / reported instead of CSI for a plurality of time instances.

[0238] Similarly, when the number of CPUs for CSI for a plurality of time instances is greater than the number of remaining CPUs, the UE does not update the CSI, and the UE can attempt to calculate / report CSI for a conventional single time instance instead of the CSI for the plurality of time instances. That is, when the number of CPUs for CSI for a single time instance is less than or equal to the number of remaining CPUs, CSI for a single time instance is calculated / reported instead of CSI for a plurality of time instances.

[0239] The CSI for the single time instance means, as an example, CSI calculated based on a conventional CSI reference resource.

[0240] When falling back to CSI for a single time instance, the codebook to be used can be specified by the base station or can be a pre-defined one. For example, it can be specified by a Type I codebook or, for a legacy (3GPP NR standard releases 15 to 17) Type II codebook to which TD / DD compression is not applied, use the Type II codebook.

[0241] Alternatively, if there is not enough CPU / processing time to calculate the total CSI quantity, only some of the CSI can be reported. For example, only calculate / report part 1 CSI or RI and / or CQI values, and omit or do not update the PMI from the report.

[0242] Alternatively, if there is not enough CPU / processing time for CSI for multiple time instances, only some of the multiple time instances can be selected (e.g., odd instances, even instances, the first time instance or the last time instance) for calculation / reporting. For the time instances thus selected, if there is not enough CPU / processing time for CSI, calculate / report CSI for the selected time instances. For example, calculate and report CSI for the first time instance and the last time instance corresponding to both ends among N time instances.

[0243] On the other hand, when the CSI processing time / CPU is not sufficient, a method can be considered where only the CSI from the first time instance to the Nth time instance that can be calculated / reported within the remaining CSI processing time / CPU among the multiple time instances is calculated and reported. For example, if CSI for 8 time instances needs to be reported, but the CSI processing time / CPU is insufficient, only report the CSI for the first 4 time instances at the beginning that can be reported with the given CSI processing time / CPU. Also, in this case, only the first 4 elements among the elements of the basis vectors used for TD / DD compression can be used, and the other elements are set to 0 to generate the codebook.

[0244] Alternatively, report the two ends of the time window in which the CSI is reported, and let the base station calculate the CSI values in between by interpolation as appropriate. For this purpose, assuming that all K time instances are in chronological order, report the CSI for the first time instance, the K-th time instance, the second time instance, the (K-1)-th time instance, the third time instance, the (K-2)-th time instance, … in this order, for the forward and backward time instances, as much CSI as can be reported with the given CSI processing time / CPU.

[0245] Furthermore, among the multiple time instances, a single time instance can be determined to be a specific one, which can be set by the base station for the UE or selected by the UE to be reported together with the CSI. Also, it may be reported fixed at the time instance located in the middle of the multiple time instances. Alternatively, a single time instance may be defined as a super set corresponding to all of the multiple time instances. For example, assuming there are 8 time instances and the duration of each time instance is 2 slots, a single time instance is 16 (=8*2) slots including all 8 time instances. The UE reports one CSI representing such a long time. This is considered to be the same as the method of reporting one WB CSI for the wideband frequency range, but calculating the long term CSI on the time axis instead of the frequency axis.

[0246] On the other hand, a single time instance may be fixed to the CSI reference resource slot, or may be fixed to the first time instance which is the earliest among the multiple time instances. Alternatively, when the CSI processing time / CPU is not sufficient, the complexity of codebook calculation can be reduced by setting the number of DD / TD base vectors to 1.

[0247] UE capability report

[0248] The option of increasing the number of CPUs and the option of increasing Z / Z’ are in an alternative relationship. For example, in order to simultaneously calculate CSI within a short time by parallel processing and use the conventional Z / Z’, the number of CPUs must be increased. In order to solve it by serial processing, the number of conventional CPUs can be maintained and only Z / Z’ can be increased. From this perspective, a solution of reporting whether to apply the CPU counting method proposed in the present invention and / or the proposed Z / Z’ value by UE capabilities can also be considered.

[0249] For example, UE 1 reports that it uses the proposed CPU counting method for CSI for multiple time instances and reports applying the conventional Z / Z’. On the other hand, UE 2 reports that it uses the conventional CPU counting method but applies an increased Z / Z’ value.

[0250] <CQI calculation-based CSI processing relaxation>

[0251] On the other hand, according to the current progress of standardization, when a UE compresses and reports PMI for multiple time instances using a TD / DD compressed codebook, the UE can report X CQIs for one wideband or for each subband. X is a value of 1 or 2 and is indicated by the base station.

[0252] When X is 1, the UE selects one of two implementation methods to calculate the CQI. The first implementation method is to calculate one CQI based on the earliest time instance, and the second implementation method is to calculate one CQI based on the earliest time instance and the latest time instance.

[0253] When X is 2, one CQI is calculated based on the earliest time instance and another CQI is calculated based on the intermediate time instance.

[0254] Propose a method to increase the CPU / Z value according to the value of X or according to the aforementioned implementation method when X is 1. When X is 2, since the CQI calculation increases compared to the case when X is 1, it is preferable to increase the CPU / Z value. For this purpose, when X is 2, compared to the case when X is 1, one more CPU can be occupied or the Z value can be increased. For example, when X is 1, one CPU is occupied, and when X is 2, two CPUs are occupied.

[0255] Similarly, when X is 1, since the second implementation method has more calculations compared to the first implementation method, when it is the second implementation method (compared to the first implementation method), one more CPU can be occupied or the Z value can be increased. For example, when it is the first implementation method, one CPU is occupied, and when it is the second implementation method, two CPUs are occupied.

[0256] <CPU occupation time>

[0257] According to the current NR standard, the first CSI report of the SP (Semi-persistent)-CSI report and the AP (aperiodic)-CSI report occupy the CPU from the time of receiving the triggering DCI to the time of the CSI report. On the other hand, for other CSI reports (that is, other CSI reports excluding the first CSI report of the SP-CSI report and the P-CSI report), the CPU is occupied from the starting symbol of the earliest CMR / IMR resource of the latest CMR / IMR opportunity located in the CSI reference resource slot or the previous slot to the time of the CSI report.

[0258] When the UE calculates / reports CSI by channel prediction (or when using a TD / DD compression codebook, or when multiple time instances are set, or when calculating long-term CSI between multiple slot durations for a single time instance), to determine the CPU occupancy time of other CSI reports excluding the first CSI report of SP-CSI reporting and P-CSI reports, it is proposed to change the CSI reference resource slot, which is the starting point of the CPU occupancy time, or the most recent CSI-RS / CSI-IM / SSB opportunity before it, to the k-th most recent CSI-RS / CSI-IM / SSB opportunity. This is because CSI prediction is insufficient with only one of the most recent CMRs, and it is necessary to use all of the recent multiple CMRs. k can be set by the base station or determined and reported by the UE.

[0259] Alternatively, k can be set to be the same as the number of time instances (i.e., N4, which is the length of the TD / DD base vector) or determined to be N4 + a predetermined constant C. This is because accurate channel estimation for N4 time instances can only be performed after using the number of time instances to be predicted (=N4) or more channel measurement instances. That is, it is to ensure that the number of measurement channels is greater than the number of channels to be estimated.

[0260] To increase the Z and Z' values, only a constant c1*N4 can be added to the conventional Z and Z' values. c1 is a value reported by the UE to the base station in the UE capability, or a value indicated by the base station to the UE or a fixed value. Such a method is to reflect in the calculation of Z and Z' that the complexity of CSI calculation increases as the number of time instances increases. Also, when N4 is 1 and long-term CSI for multiple slots is calculated, only a constant c2 can be added to the conventional Z and Z' values, and c1 and c2 can be the same value or different values. Also, the constants applied to the Z value and the Z' value may be different from each other.

[0261] Number of CPUs and upper limit of CPU occupancy time

[0262] As the number N of multiple time instances increases, in order to prevent the number of CPUs, Z, and Z' from increasing excessively, an upper bound U can be set for the CPUs, Z, and Z'. For example, when the determined number of CPUs is L, the final number of CPUs is determined to be the smaller value of L and U, i.e., min(L, U). U is reported by the UE to the base station with the UE capability or set by the base station. Alternatively, the UE uses this value as U to report the number of CPUs it has with the UE capability.

[0263] For example, simultaneousCSI-ReportsPerCC defined in 3GPP 38.331 means the number of CPUs available for the UE in one CC (Component Carrier), so this is set as the upper bound U for the CPUs, Z, and Z'.

[0264] Similarly, in order to prevent Z and Z' from increasing excessively as the N value increases, an upper bound U can be set for Z and Z'. That is, when the Z and Z' values determined by any one of the methods described above are L symbols, the final Z and Z' values are determined to be min(L, U). The U value is the CPU / Z / Z' value calculated when N is a predetermined constant C.

[0265] For example, when C is 2 and N is 2, if the number of CPUs calculated in the present invention is P, then U = P is set.

[0266] The solution proposed in the present invention can be utilized under various conditions, such as when the UE calculates / reports CSI by channel prediction, or when using a TD / DD compressed codebook, or when multiple time instances are set, or when it is a single time instance but calculates long-term CSI between multiple slot durations.

[0267] In the present invention, the description is centered around the TD compression codebook, but the proposed method can also be similarly applied to the DD compression codebook.

[0268] The solution proposed in the present invention can be finally applied through combination / association.

[0269] The solution proposed in the present invention can also be extended and applied to the method in which the AI / ML UE reports the CSI calculated by predicting the future channel.

[0270] The solution proposed in the present invention is described by taking the application to the CSI for multiple time instances as an example. However, even for the CSI for a single time instance, when the UE reports the CSI calculated by predicting the future channel (for example, when calculating and reporting the CSI for the channel at the CSI reporting time point and after that), this proposal can be extended and applied.

[0271] Also, since beam reporting such as RSRP / SINR is a type of CSI reporting, the solution proposed in the present invention can be applied.

[0272] FIG. 16 is a flowchart showing an example of reporting CSI according to an embodiment of the present invention. In particular, FIG. 16 shows an example of a method in which a UE (User Equipment) transmits predicted CSI (Channel Status Information) to a BS (Base Station).

[0273] Referring to FIG. 16, the UE receives a control signal for predicted CSI reporting from the BS at stage A05. In particular, the control signal for the predicted CSI reporting includes DCI (Downlink Control Information) received on the PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel).

[0274] Next, at stage A10, the UE receives at least one measurement resource from the BS based on the control signal for the predicted CSI report.

[0275] Next, at stage A15, the UE measures at least one predicted CSI regarding one or more time instances based on the at least one measurement resource. Specifically, a PMI (Precoding Matrix Index) corresponding to each of the one or more time instances is estimated, the estimated PMI is compressed based on a TD (Time Domain) compression codebook, and the at least one predicted CSI including the compressed PMI is obtained.

[0276] Finally, at stage A20, the UE transmits the at least one predicted CSI to the BS. Preferably, the first minimum time interval from receiving the control signal for the predicted CSI report to transmitting the at least one predicted CSI is determined based on the size of the measurement window, and the size of the measurement window is determined based on the number of CMRs (Channel Measurement Resources) among the at least one measurement resource. Also, when the number of CMRs is two or more, the size of the measurement window is determined based on the number of CMRs and the interval between CMRs.

[0277] Also, the second minimum time interval from receiving the first minimum time interval and all the measurement resources set by the BS for the at least one predicted CSI report to transmitting the at least one predicted CSI increases based on the number of the time instances.

[0278] Also, the number of CPUs (CSI processing units) for calculating the predicted CSI, specifically, the number of processing units capable of calculating CSI simultaneously, is determined based on at least one of the number of CMRs and the number of the time instances.

[0279] FIG. 17 illustrates a communication system 1 to which the present invention is applicable.

[0280] Referring to FIG. 17, the communication system 1 includes a wireless device, a base station, and a network. Here, the wireless device means a device that communicates using a wireless connection technology (e.g., 5G NR, LTE), and is also referred to as a communication / wireless / 5G device. Without being limited thereto, the wireless devices include a robot 100a, vehicles 100b-1, 100b-2, XR (Extended Reality) devices 100c, hand-held devices 100d, home appliances 100e, IoT (Internet of Thing) devices 100f, and an AI server / device 400. For example, the vehicles include vehicles equipped with a wireless communication function, autonomous driving vehicles, vehicles capable of vehicle-to-vehicle communication, etc. Here, the vehicles include UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) (e.g., drones). The XR devices include AR (Augmented Reality) / VR (Virtual Reality) / MR (Mixed Reality) devices, and are embodied in the form of HMDs (Head-Mounted Devices), HUDs (Head-Up Displays) provided in vehicles, TVs, smartphones, computers, wearable devices, home appliances, digital signage, vehicles, robots, etc. The hand-held devices include smartphones, smart pads, wearable devices (e.g., smartwatches, smart glasses), computers (e.g., notebook personal computers), etc. The home appliances include TVs, refrigerators, washing machines, etc. The IoT devices include sensors, smart meters, etc. For example, the base station and the network are also embodied in the wireless device, and a specific wireless device 200a can also operate as a base station / network node for other wireless devices.

[0281] Wireless devices 100a to 100f are connected to network 300 via base station 200. AI (Artificial Intelligence) technology is applied to wireless devices 100a to 100f, and wireless devices 100a to 100f are connected to AI server 400 via network 300. Network 300 is configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR) network, or the like. Wireless devices 100a to 100f can communicate with each other via base station 200 / network 300, but can also communicate directly without going through the base station / network (e.g., sidelink communication). For example, vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2 can communicate directly (e.g., V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle) / V2X (Vehicle to everything) communication). Also, IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can communicate directly with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices 100a to 100f.

[0282] Wireless communications / connections 150a, 150b, and 150c are performed between wireless devices 100a to 100f / base station 200 and between base stations 200 / 200. Here, the wireless communications / connections are uplink / downlink communication 150a, sidelink communication 150b (or D2D communication), and communication 150c between base stations (e.g., performed by various wireless connection technologies such as relay and IAB (Integrated Access Backhaul) (e.g., 5G NR)). Through wireless communications / connections 150a, 150b, and 150c, wireless devices and base stations / wireless devices, and base stations and base stations can transmit / receive wireless signals to / from each other. For example, wireless communications / connections 150a, 150b, and 150c can transmit / receive signals via various physical channels. For this purpose, based on various proposals of the present invention, any one of a setting process of various configuration information for transmitting / receiving wireless signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), and a resource allocation process is performed.

[0283] FIG. 18 illustrates a wireless device applicable to the present invention.

[0284] Referring to FIG. 18, the first wireless device 100 and the second wireless device 200 transmit and receive wireless signals using various wireless connection technologies (e.g., LTE, NR). Here, {the first wireless device 100, the second wireless device 200} corresponds to {the wireless device 100x, the base station 200} in FIG. 17 and / or {the wireless device 100x, the wireless device 100x}.

[0285] The first wireless device 100 includes one or more processors 102 and one or more memories 104, and further includes one or more transceivers 106 and / or one or more antennas 108. The processor 102 controls the memory 104 and / or the transceiver 106, and is configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed in this specification. For example, after the processor 102 processes the information in the memory 104 to generate a first piece of information / signal, the transceiver 106 transmits a wireless signal including the first piece of information / signal. Also, after the processor 102 receives a wireless signal including a second piece of information / signal by the transceiver 106, the information obtained from the signal processing of the second piece of information / signal is stored in the memory 104. The memory 104 is connected to the processor 102 and stores various information related to the operation of the processor 102. For example, the memory 104 stores software code including instructions for performing some or all of the processes controlled by the processor 102, or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed in this specification. Here, the processor 102 and the memory 104 are part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technologies (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver 106 is connected to the processor 102 and transmits and / or receives wireless signals through one or more antennas 108. The transceiver 106 includes a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver 106 can also be used interchangeably with an RF (radio Frequency) unit. In the present invention, the wireless device can also mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0286] The second wireless device 200 includes one or more processors 202 and one or more memories 204, and further includes one or more transceivers 206 and / or one or more antennas 208. The processor 202 controls the memory 204 and / or the transceiver 206, and is configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed in this specification. For example, after the processor 202 processes the information in the memory 204 to generate third information / signals, the transceiver 206 transmits a wireless signal including the third information / signals. Also, after the processor 202 receives a wireless signal including fourth information / signals by the transceiver 206, the information obtained from the signal processing of the fourth information / signals is stored in the memory 204. The memory 204 is connected to the processor 202 and stores various information related to the operation of the processor 202. For example, the memory 204 stores software code that performs some or all of the processes controlled by the processor 202, or includes instructions for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed in this specification. Here, the processor 202 and the memory 204 are part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technologies (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver 206 is connected to the processor 202 and transmits and / or receives wireless signals through one or more antennas 208. The transceiver 206 includes a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver 206 can also be used interchangeably with an RF unit. In the present invention, the wireless device can also mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0287] Hereinafter, the hardware elements of the wireless devices 100 and 200 will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, one or more protocol layers are implemented by one or more processors 102 and 202. For example, one or more processors 102 and 202 implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, SDAP). One or more processors 102 and 202 generate one or more PDUs (Protocol Data Units) and / or one or more SDUs (Service Data Units) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed in this specification. One or more processors 102 and 202 generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed in this specification. One or more processors 102 and 202 generate a signal (e.g., a baseband signal) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals, and / or methods disclosed in this specification and provide it to one or more transceivers 106 and 206. One or more processors 102 and 202 receive a signal (e.g., a baseband signal) from one or more transceivers 106 and 206 and can obtain PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed in this specification.

[0288] One or more processors 102, 202 are also referred to as a controller, microcontroller, microprocessor, or microcomputer. One or more processors 102, 202 are implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. As an example, one or more ASICs (Application Specific Integrated Circuits), one or more DSPs (Digital Signal Processors), one or more DSPDs (Digital Signal Processing Devices), one or more PLDs (Programmable Logic Devices), or one or more FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Arrays) are included in one or more processors 102, 202. The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed in this specification are implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software is implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. The firmware or software configured to perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed in this specification is included in one or more processors 102, 202, or stored in one or more memories 104, 204 and driven by one or more processors 102, 202. The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed in this specification are implemented using firmware or software in the form of code, instructions, and / or sets of instructions.

[0289] One or more memories 104, 204 are connected to one or more processors 102, 202 and can store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and / or commands. The one or more memories 104, 204 are composed of ROM, RAM, EPROM, flash memory, hard drive, register, cache memory, computer-readable storage medium, and / or combinations thereof. The one or more memories 104, 204 are located inside and / or outside the one or more processors 102, 202. Also, the one or more memories 104, 204 are connected to the one or more processors 102, 202 by various technologies such as wired or wireless connections.

[0290] One or more transceivers 106, 206 can transmit user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. mentioned in this specification, such as in a method and / or flowchart, to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers 106, 206 can receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed in this specification from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers 106, 206 are connected to one or more processors 102, 202 and can transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, one or more processors 102, 202 can control one or more transceivers 106, 206 to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to one or more other devices. Also, one or more processors 102, 202 can control one or more transceivers 106, 206 to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from one or more other devices. Also, one or more transceivers 106, 206 are connected to one or more antennas 108, 208, and one or more transceivers 106, 206 are configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed in this specification by one or more antennas 108, 208. In this specification, one or more antennas are multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers 106, 206 convert received wireless signals / channels, etc. from RF band signals to baseband signals (Convert) in order to process the received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. using one or more processors 102, 202. One or more transceivers 106, 206 convert user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. processed using one or more processors 102, 202 from baseband signals to RF band signals. For this purpose, one or more transceivers 106, 206 include (analog) oscillators and / or filters.

[0291] FIG. 19 shows another example of a wireless device to which the present invention is applied. The wireless device is embodied in various forms depending on the usage example / service (see FIG. 17).

[0292] Referring to FIG. 19, the wireless devices 100 and 200 correspond to the wireless devices 100 and 200 in FIG. 18 and are composed of various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules. For example, the wireless devices 100 and 200 include a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a memory unit 130, and additional elements 140. The communication unit includes a communication circuit 112 and a transceiver 114. For example, the communication circuit 112 includes one or more processors 102 and 202 and / or one or more memories 104 and 204 in FIG. 18. For example, the transceiver 114 includes one or more transceivers 106 and 206 and / or one or more antennas 108 and 208 in FIG. 18. The control unit 120 is electrically connected to the communication unit 110, the memory unit 130, and the additional elements 140 and controls various operations of the wireless device. For example, the control unit 120 controls the electrical / mechanical operations of the wireless device based on programs / codes / instructions / information stored in the memory unit 130. The control unit 120 also transmits the information stored in the memory unit 130 to the outside (e.g., other communication devices) through a wireless / wired interface by the communication unit 110, or stores the information received from the outside (e.g., other communication devices) through a wireless / wired interface by the communication unit 110 in the memory unit 130.

[0293] The additional element 140 is configured in various ways depending on the type of wireless device. For example, the additional element 140 includes any one of a power unit / battery, an input / output unit (I / O unit), a drive unit, and a computer unit. Without being limited thereto, the wireless device is embodied in forms such as a robot (FIG. 17, 100a), a vehicle (FIG. 17, 100b-1, 100b-2), an XR device (FIG. 17, 100c), a portable device (FIG. 17, 100d), a home appliance (FIG. 17, 100e), an IoT device (FIG. 17, 100f), a digital broadcast terminal, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, a medical device, a fintech device (or financial device), a security device, a climate / environment device, an AI server / device (FIG. 17, 400), a base station (FIG. 17, 200), and a network node. The wireless device is movable depending on the usage example / service or is used at a fixed location.

[0294] In FIG. 19, various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules within the wireless devices 100 and 200 are all connected to each other by a wired interface or at least some are wirelessly connected by the communication unit 110. For example, within the wireless devices 100 and 200, the control unit 120 and the communication unit 110 are wired-connected, and the control unit 120 and the first unit (for example, 130, 140) are wirelessly connected by the communication unit 110. Also, each element, component, unit / part, and / or module within the wireless devices 100 and 200 further includes one or more elements. For example, the control unit 120 is composed of a set of one or more processors. For example, the control unit 120 is composed of a set including a communication control processor, an application processor, an ECU (Electronic control Unit), a graphics processing processor, a memory control processor, and the like. As another example, the memory unit 130 is composed of a RAM (Random Access Memory), a DRAM (Dynamic RAM), a ROM (Read Only Memory), a flash memory, a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory, and / or a combination thereof.

[0295] FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating a vehicle or an autonomous vehicle to which the present invention is applied. The vehicle or the autonomous vehicle is embodied as a mobile robot, a vehicle, a train, an aerial vehicle (AV), a ship, or the like.

[0296] One or more memories 104, 204 are connected to one or more processors 102, 202 and can store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and / or commands. The one or more memories 104, 204 are composed of a ROM, a RAM, an EPROM, a flash memory, a hard drive, a register, a cache memory, a computer-readable storage medium, and / or a combination thereof. The one or more memories 104, 204 are located inside and / or outside the one or more processors 102, 202. Also, the one or more memories 104, 204 are connected to the one or more processors 102, 202 by various techniques such as wired or wireless connections.

[0297] One or more transceivers 106, 206 can transmit user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc. mentioned in this specification, such as in a method and / or flowchart, to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers 106, 206 can receive user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc. mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed in this specification from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers 106, 206 are connected to one or more processors 102, 202 and can transmit and receive radio signals. For example, one or more processors 102, 202 can control one or more transceivers 106, 206 to transmit user data, control information, or radio signals to one or more other devices. Also, one or more processors 102, 202 can control one or more transceivers 106, 206 to receive user data, control information, or radio signals from one or more other devices. Also, one or more transceivers 106, 206 are connected to one or more antennas 108, 208, and one or more transceivers 106, 206 are configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc. mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed in this specification by one or more antennas 108, 208. In this specification, one or more antennas are multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers 106, 206 convert the received radio signals / channels, etc. from RF band signals to baseband signals (Convert) in order to process the received user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc. using one or more processors 102, 202. One or more transceivers 106, 206 convert the user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc. processed using one or more processors 102, 202 from baseband signals to RF band signals. For this purpose, one or more transceivers 106, 206 include (analog) oscillators and / or filters.

[0298] FIG. 19 shows another example of a wireless device to which the present invention is applied. The wireless device is embodied in various forms depending on the usage example / service (see FIG. 17).

[0299] Referring to FIG. 19, the wireless devices 100 and 200 correspond to the wireless devices 100 and 200 in FIG. 18 and are composed of various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules. For example, the wireless devices 100 and 200 include a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a memory unit 130, and additional elements 140. The communication unit includes a communication circuit 112 and a transceiver 114. For example, the communication circuit 112 includes one or more processors 102 and 202 and / or one or more memories 104 and 204 in FIG. 18. For example, the transceiver 114 includes one or more transceivers 106 and 206 and / or one or more antennas 108 and 208 in FIG. 18. The control unit 120 is electrically connected to the communication unit 110, the memory unit 130, and the additional elements 140 and controls various operations of the wireless device. For example, the control unit 120 controls the electrical / mechanical operations of the wireless device based on programs / codes / instructions / information stored in the memory unit 130. Also, the control unit 120 transmits the information stored in the memory unit 130 to the outside (e.g., other communication devices) through a wireless / wired interface by the communication unit 110, or stores the information received from the outside (e.g., other communication devices) through a wireless / wired interface by the communication unit 110 in the memory unit 130.

[0300] The additional element 140 is configured variously depending on the type of wireless device. For example, the additional element 140 includes any one of a power unit / battery, an input / output unit (I / O unit), a drive unit, and a computer unit. Without being limited thereto, the wireless device is embodied in forms such as a robot (FIG. 17, 100a), a vehicle (FIG. 17, 100b-1, 100b-2), an XR device (FIG. 17, 100c), a portable device (FIG. 17, 100d), a home appliance (FIG. 17, 100e), an IoT device (FIG. 17, 100f), a digital broadcast terminal, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, a medical device, a fintech device (or financial device), a security device, a climate / environment device, an AI server / device (FIG. 17, 400), a base station (FIG. 17, 200), and a network node. The wireless device is movable depending on the usage example / service or is used at a fixed location.

[0301] In FIG. 19, various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules within the wireless devices 100 and 200 are all connected to each other by a wired interface or at least some of them are wirelessly connected by the communication unit 110. For example, within the wireless devices 100 and 200, the control unit 120 and the communication unit 110 are wired-connected, and the control unit 120 and the first unit (for example, 130, 140) are wirelessly connected by the communication unit 110. Also, each element, component, unit / part, and / or module within the wireless devices 100 and 200 further includes one or more elements. For example, the control unit 120 is composed of a set of one or more processors. For example, the control unit 120 is composed of a set such as a communication control processor, an application processor, an ECU (Electronic Control Unit), a graphics processing processor, and a memory control processor. As another example, the memory unit 130 is composed of a RAM (Random Access Memory), a DRAM (Dynamic RAM), a ROM (Read Only Memory), a flash memory, a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory, and / or a combination thereof.

[0302] FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating a vehicle or an autonomous vehicle to which the present invention is applied. The vehicle or the autonomous vehicle is embodied as a mobile robot, a vehicle, a train, an aerial vehicle (AV), a ship, or the like.

[0303] Referring to FIG. 20, a vehicle or an autonomous vehicle 100 includes an antenna unit 108, a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a driving unit 140a, a power supply unit 140b, a sensor unit 140c, and an autonomous driving unit 140d. The antenna unit 108 is constituted by a part of the communication unit 110. Blocks 110 / 130 / 140a to 140d respectively correspond to blocks 110 / 130 / 140 in FIG. 19.

[0304] The communication unit 110 transmits and receives signals (such as data, control signals, etc.) with external devices such as other vehicles, base stations (e.g., base stations, roadside units, etc.), and servers. The control unit 120 controls elements of the vehicle or the autonomous driving vehicle 100 to perform various operations. The control unit 120 includes an ECU (Electronic Control Unit). The driving unit 140a enables the vehicle or the autonomous driving vehicle 100 to travel on the ground. The driving unit 140a includes an engine, a motor, a power train, wheels, brakes, a steering device, etc. The power supply unit 140b supplies power to the vehicle or the autonomous driving vehicle 100 and includes a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. The sensor unit 140c can obtain vehicle state, surrounding environment information, user information, etc. The sensor unit 140c includes an IMU (inertial measurement unit) sensor, a collision sensor, a wheel sensor, a speed sensor, an inclination sensor, a weight sensing sensor, a heading sensor, a position module, a vehicle forward / backward sensor, a battery sensor, a fuel sensor, a tire sensor, a steering sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an illuminance sensor, a pedal position sensor, etc. The autonomous driving unit 140d implements technologies such as maintaining the lane during driving, automatically adjusting the speed like an adaptive cruise control, automatically driving along a predetermined route, and automatically setting and driving along a route when a destination is set.

[0305] As an example, the communication unit 110 receives map data, traffic information data, etc. from an external server. The autonomous driving unit 140d generates an autonomous driving route and a drive plan based on the obtained data. The control unit 120 controls the driving unit 140a so that the vehicle or the autonomous driving vehicle 100 moves along the autonomous driving route according to the drive plan (for example, speed / direction adjustment). The communication unit 110 periodically obtains the latest traffic information data from the external server during autonomous driving, and also obtains the surrounding traffic information data from the surrounding vehicles. Further, the sensor unit 140c obtains the vehicle state and the surrounding environment information during autonomous driving. The autonomous driving unit 140d updates the autonomous driving route and the drive plan based on the newly obtained data / information. The communication unit 110 transmits information regarding the vehicle position, the autonomous driving route, the drive plan, etc. to the external server. The external server can predict the traffic information data in advance using AI technology, etc. based on the information collected from the vehicle or the autonomous driving vehicle, and provide the predicted traffic information data to the vehicle or the autonomous driving vehicle.

[0306] In the above-described embodiments, the components and features of the present invention are combined in a predetermined form. Each component or feature should be considered as optional unless there is a separate explicit mention. Each component or feature can be implemented in a form not combined with other components or features. Also, it is possible to configure embodiments of the present invention by combining some of the components and / or features. The order of each operation described in the embodiments of the present invention can be changed. Some configurations and features of any one embodiment can be included in other embodiments, or can be replaced with corresponding configurations or features of other embodiments. It is obvious that embodiments can be configured by combining claims without an explicit citation relationship in the claims, or can be included as new claims by amendment after filing.

[0307] It is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the features of the present invention. Therefore, the above detailed description should not be construed restrictively in all aspects and should be considered as exemplary. The scope of the present invention must be determined by a reasonable interpretation of the appended claims, and all modifications within the equivalent scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.

Industrial Applicability

[0308] The present invention can be used in terminals, base stations or other equipment of a wireless mobile communication system.

Claims

1. In a wireless communication system, a method for a UE (User Equipment) to transmit predicted CSI (Channel Status Information) to a BS (Base Station), comprising: receiving a control signal for predicted CSI reporting from the BS; receiving at least one measurement resource from the BS based on the control signal for predicted CSI reporting; measuring at least one predicted CSI regarding one or more time instances based on the at least one measurement resource; transmitting the at least one predicted CSI to the BS, wherein a first minimum time interval from receiving the control signal for predicted CSI reporting to transmitting the at least one predicted CSI is determined based on a size of a measurement window; A predicted CSI transmission method, characterized in that the size of the measurement window is determined based on a number of CMRs (Channel Measurement Resources) among the at least one measurement resource.

2. The predicted CSI reporting method according to claim 1, wherein the number of CPUs (CSI processing units) for calculating the predicted CSI is determined based on at least one of the number of CMRs and the number of time instances.

3. After receiving the first minimum time interval and all measurement resources set by the BS for the at least one predicted CSI reporting, a second minimum time interval from receiving the first minimum time interval to transmitting the at least one predicted CSI is characterized by increasing based on the number of time instances, in the predicted CSI reporting method according to claim 1.

4. The step of measuring the at least one predicted CSI comprises: estimating a PMI (Precoding Matrix Index) corresponding to each of the one or more time instances, and compressing the estimated PMI based on a TD (Time Domain) compression codebook; obtaining the at least one predicted CSI including the compressed PMI, in the predicted CSI reporting method according to claim 1.

5. The method for predicting CSI report according to claim 1, wherein when the number of the CMRs is two or more, the size of the measurement window is determined based on the number of the CMRs and the interval between the CMRs.

6. The control signal for the predicted CSI report is The method for predicting CSI report according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes DCI (Downlink Control Information) received on a PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel).

7. In a wireless communication system, a UE (User Equipment) comprising at least one transceiver, at least one processor, at least one computer memory operably connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform operations, the operations including receiving a control signal for predicting CSI (Channel Status Information) report from a BS (Base Station); receiving at least one measurement resource from the BS based on the control signal for the predicted CSI report; measuring at least one predicted CSI regarding one or more time instances based on the at least one measurement resource; transmitting the at least one predicted CSI to the BS, wherein a first minimum time interval from receiving the control signal for the predicted CSI report to transmitting the at least one predicted CSI is determined based on the size of a measurement window, the UE, characterized in that the size of the measurement window is determined based on the number of CMRs (Channel Measurement Resources) among the at least one measurement resource.

8. The number of CPUs (CSI processing units) for calculating the predicted CSI is determined based on at least one of the number of the CMRs and the number of the time instances, the UE according to claim 7.

9. After receiving the first minimum time interval and all the measurement resources set by the BS for the at least one predicted CSI report, the second minimum time interval until transmitting the at least one predicted CSI is The UE according to claim 7, characterized in that it increases based on the number of the time instances.

10. The step of measuring the at least one predicted CSI includes estimating a PMI (Precoding Matrix Index) corresponding to each of the one or more time instances, and compressing the estimated PMI based on a TD (Time Domain) compression codebook; The UE according to claim 7, characterized in that it includes the step of obtaining the at least one predicted CSI including the compressed PMI.

11. When the number of the CMRs is two or more, the size of the measurement window is determined based on the number of the CMRs and the interval between the CMRs, the UE according to claim 7.

12. The control signal for the predicted CSI report is The UE according to claim 7, characterized in that it includes DCI (Downlink Control Information) received on a PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel).

13. In a wireless communication system, a processing device, including at least one processor; at least one computer memory operably connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions which, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform operations for a UE (User Equipment), the operations including receiving a control signal for a predicted CSI (Channel Status Information) report from a BS (Base Station); receiving at least one measurement resource from the BS based on the control signal for the predicted CSI report; measuring at least one predicted CSI regarding one or more time instances based on the at least one measurement resource; transmitting the at least one predicted CSI to the BS. After receiving a control signal for the predicted CSI report, a first minimum time interval until transmitting the at least one predicted CSI is determined based on a size of a measurement window. The size of the measurement window is determined based on a number of CMRs (Channel Measurement Resources) among the at least one measurement resource, a processing device. [

14. ] A computer-readable storage medium, The storage medium stores at least one program code which, when executed, causes at least one processor to perform operations for a UE (User Equipment), and the operations are Receiving a control signal for a predicted CSI (Channel Status Information) report from a BS (Base Station); Receiving at least one measurement resource from the BS based on the control signal for the predicted CSI report; Measuring at least one predicted CSI regarding one or more time instances based on the at least one measurement resource; Transmitting the at least one predicted CSI to the BS, including After receiving a control signal for the predicted CSI report, a first minimum time interval until transmitting the at least one predicted CSI is determined based on a size of a measurement window. The size of the measurement window is determined based on a number of CMRs (Channel Measurement Resources) among the at least one measurement resource, a storage medium.

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