Instrument Components

Abstract

The musical instrument component (100) includes at least one support (10) to which a key unit (11) for generating a sound (16) is movably mounted. The key unit (11) is movable between two positions (12, 13). When the key unit (11) moves from the first position (12) to the second position (13), a signal (14) for generating at least one sound (16) is triggered. The key unit (11) is assigned a controllable magnetorheological brake device (1) for braking the movement of the key unit (11) in a controlled manner. The magnetorheological brake device (1) includes two brake components (2, 3) pivotable relative to each other about a pivot axis (1a). A brake gap (5, 6) extending in a curved manner around the pivot axis (1a) is formed between the two brake components. The brake gap is equipped with a magnetorheological medium (7). A controllable magnetic field (8) of a magnetic field generator (9) can be applied to the brake gap to brake and stop the movement of the key unit (11) in a controlled manner.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a musical instrument component and a musical instrument comprising the same. Typically, such a musical instrument component comprises a plurality of adjacently arranged key units movably mounted on a common support for generating sounds. In this case, the key units are movable between at least two positions and trigger (directly or indirectly) at least one signal for generating at least one sound when moving from at least a first position to a second position. At least one key unit is assigned a controllable braking device for braking the movement of the key unit in a controlled manner. [Background technology]

[0002] In the prior art, a musical instrument with a keyboard including 12 keys per octave and equipped with a tactile or cutaneous sensation simulation device is known from Patent Document 1 or related Patent Document 2. The instrument is equipped with a device having a chamber filled with a magnetorheological fluid, and a blade is submerged in the chamber for shearing the magnetorheological fluid. The magnetorheological fluid brakes and stops the blade's movement in a controlled manner. In such an instrument, the simulation device allows the effective viscosity of the magnetorheological fluid to be precisely changed during the movement of the keyboard keys, thereby changing and precisely adjusting the acoustic characteristics. The blade sinks in a substantially linear manner into the chamber filled with the magnetorheological fluid. This is highly advantageous because it requires little installation space. Since a corresponding device must be provided for each key to properly damp the corresponding key, only limited installation space is available. This optimizes the use of installation space. However, such a design has not yet been established on the market. This is believed to be due to the inability to adequately brake and stop the blade submerged in the magnetorheological fluid. Another problem may be that the base resistance for moving the key unit is too high to allow for a comfortable feel when playing the instrument. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] European Patent No. 2027576 [Patent Document 2] US Patent Application Publication No. 2010 / 0031803 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a musical instrument component and a musical instrument that allows for adjusting the characteristics of sound generation or simulating various musical instruments, and that avoids the drawbacks of the prior art.

[0005] This problem is solved by a musical instrument component having the features of claim 1 and by a musical instrument having the features of claim 24. Preferred developments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims. Further advantages and features of the invention become apparent from the general description and the description of exemplary embodiments. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] The musical instrument component according to the present invention comprises at least one support on which at least one key unit for generating sounds is movably mounted. The key unit is movable between at least two positions. When moving from at least a first position to a second position, at least one signal for generating at least one sound can be triggered. A controllable magnetorheological brake device (particularly by a control device) is assigned to the key unit for braking the movement of the key unit in a controlled manner. The magnetorheological brake device comprises at least two brake components pivotable relative to each other about a pivot axis, with at least one brake gap (effective gap) extending curvedly around the pivot axis between the two brake components, the brake gap being equipped with a magnetorheological medium, and a controllable magnetic field of at least one magnetic field generator can be applied to brake the movement of the key unit (at least between the first and second positions by the magnetorheological brake device) in a controlled manner.

[0007] The instrument component according to the invention has many advantages. A key advantage of the instrument component according to the invention is that the magnetorheological brake device comprises two brake components that can pivot relative to one another, with a curved brake gap formed between the two brake components. This design allows for optimal utilization of the brake gap. The curvature and the curved extension also allow for an increased area size of the brake gap. This allows for a higher overall torque and, therefore, a higher braking force. At the same time, this design ensures that the brake components that can pivot relative to one another are sealed by a rotary seal, resulting in low friction and a very low base torque, resulting in a much lower base force or torque than would be the case with a linear seal with a blade immersed in a chamber. [Effects of the Invention]

[0008] According to the present invention, a high braking force can be generated to stop the movement of the key unit, while only a small amount of underlying friction needs to be overcome. This allows the musical instrument component according to the present invention to simulate a large number of different musical instruments. According to the present invention, it is possible to brake the movement of the key unit in a manner controlled by the (moved) displacement amount and / or angle and / or in time. Furthermore, the adjustment can be made according to the movement speed of the key unit. Alternatively or additionally, the adjustment can also be controlled according to the operating force used to operate the key unit.

[0009] In all embodiments, it is possible to have only one brake gap portion. However, it is also possible and preferred to equip the brake gap or at least one brake gap (respectively) with two or more brake gap portions. In all embodiments, the magnetorheological medium can be accommodated in an accommodating space between two brake components or in two brake components. The accommodating space can be partially or completely filled with at least one magnetorheological medium. One brake gap (or multiple brake gaps) can be formed in the accommodating space.

[0010] The brake gap can extend in a curved manner, in particular in the form of a ring, and in particular in the form of a substantially concentric circle around the pivot axis.

[0011] By means of a magnetorheological braking device it is possible in particular to brake and stop the relative movement of the key unit with respect to the support.

[0012] In a preferred development, the brake gap extends in a ring shape around the pivot axis of the magnetorheological brake device. In particular, the brake gap extends completely around the pivot axis. The brake gap preferably has a variable gap height over its circumferential extension. This means that the gap height between the first and second brake components varies, in particular periodically, over the circumferential angle or circumference.

[0013] Furthermore, at least one of the two brake components can have a star-shaped profile or a type of toothing formed on the circumference. For example, in the region of the brake gap, the inner brake component can have a type of external toothing ("star-shaped profile") on its outer periphery, while in the region of the brake gap, the outer brake component has a cylindrical inner profile. In that case, a variable gap height occurs between the two brake components on the circumference, with a minimum gap height in the region of the outer ends of the teeth and a maximum gap height between the two teeth.

[0014] Conversely, the outer brake component may have internal teeth that project inward, while the inner brake component may have a cylindrical outer periphery, for example in the region of the brake gap, again resulting in a circumferentially variable gap height.

[0015] Both the inner and outer brake components may have periodic structures on their respective outer or inner circumferences, resulting in a circumferentially variable gap height.

[0016] Possible embodiments, features, dimensions and advantages are described in DE 102020106335 C1.

[0017] Preferably, the magnetic field generating device has a magnetic conductive core and at least one electric coil unit for generating a controllable magnetic field in the brake gap. Preferably, at least one sealing device is accommodated between the first brake component and the second brake component. The sealing device seals, in particular, the accommodation space for the magnetorheological medium from the outside. The sealing device, in particular, comprises a rotary seal to ensure sealing of the brake gap or accommodation space from the outside when the two brake components pivot relative to each other.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment, at least one sensor device is assigned to the key unit in order to detect (continuously, in particular throughout the entire pivoting movement) a measurement value of the position of the key unit. In that case, the sensor device preferably comprises at least one sensor selected from the group of sensors comprising angle sensors, displacement sensors and distance sensors. It is also possible to use two or more sensors. In that case, on the one hand, the (current) position of the key unit and, on the other hand, a precise measurement value of the movement (or speed and / or acceleration) of the key unit can be detected.

[0019] Preferably, the position of the second position (for generating the sound) is adjustable, i.e. the stop or specific stop of the key unit can preferably be freely selected, in which case the braking device generates a (preferably high, in particular maximum) braking torque in the second position.

[0020] The key unit can be attached to the support in a particularly floating manner. In that case, the key unit can, for example, rest locally on the support and be (minimally) displaceable. However, it is also possible and preferred that the key unit is rotatably supported on the support via at least one rotation bearing. This is particularly preferred if the musical instrument component generates sound at least partly electronically. In contrast, if the musical instrument component is used in a piano or concert grand piano, harpsichord, etc., and operating the key unit of the keyboard precisely influences its movement or the movement of an operating unit or hammer unit connected to it, the key unit can be attached to the support in a floating manner or "loosely" resting.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment, the magnetorheological braking device provides or is connected to a rotary bearing, which can pivotally support the key unit in its end regions, thereby allowing for a smaller construction length, which is advantageous in particular for portable musical instrument components.

[0022] In all embodiments, the magnetorheological brake device can be coupled to the key unit via a transmission. Such a transmission can be designed, for example, as a traction means transmission. In this case, the key unit is connected to the magnetorheological brake device via the traction means transmission. The traction means transmission can include, for example, a belt or a chain. The belt can also be designed as a friction belt or a toothed belt.

[0023] The transmission preferably includes teeth on the key unit and teeth on the magnetorheological brake device. In this case, the teeth on the key unit can and preferably directly engage with the teeth on the magnetorheological brake device, thereby achieving a direct connection between the key unit and the magnetorheological brake device. The teeth on the magnetorheological brake device can be arranged or formed directly on one of the two brake components, in particular. For example, the teeth on the magnetorheological brake device can be formed on the outer periphery of the outer brake component. However, it is also possible for the teeth to be formed on the inner brake component, in which case they protrude from the outer brake component, for example, forming a shaft with the teeth thereon.

[0024] In a preferred embodiment, at least one return device is assigned to the key unit. The return device preferably moves the key unit from at least the second position to the first position. The use of a return device on the key unit is highly advantageous because it increases the return speed of the key unit and therefore the frequency with which the keys can be operated one after the other. At the same time, it is advantageous if the return device has only a relatively small return force so as not to make operation of the key unit unnecessarily difficult.

[0025] In a preferred embodiment, the movement of the key unit between the second position and the first position (= rest position) can be stopped in a controlled manner by a magnetorheological braking device, which then allows for individual adjustment of the return movement, in particular the return speed, over the return path. Alternatively, it is conceivable and possible to provide a freewheel that allows the key unit to return to the first position without the influence of the base torque of the magnetorheological braking device.

[0026] In a preferred embodiment, the return device comprises at least one spring device. Preferably, the spring device is selected from the group of spring devices including magnetic springs, gas springs, and mechanical spring devices. For example, the spring device can be designed as a bending spring, a torsion spring, a spiral spring, a disc spring, or other spring. It is also possible for the return device to comprise a motor device. The motor device can have an electric motor, a hydraulic motor, or a pneumatic motor. It is also possible for two different return devices to be provided for returning the key unit. It is also possible for different key units to be provided with return devices of different forms.

[0027] In a preferred embodiment, the resetting device acts on the magnetorheological brake device. Particularly preferably, the resetting device is connected to a swiveling or rotatable brake component. Usually, one of the two brake components is designed to be stationary and is connected to or attached to a support. In that case, the other brake component is swiveling or rotatable relative to the stationary brake component. In principle, it is also conceivable for both brake components to be swivelingly attached. An embodiment in which the resetting device acts on a swiveling brake component is advantageous, for example, if the gears are preloaded against each other in that case, so that play in the gears of the transmission is compensated.

[0028] In all embodiments, the key unit can act on the operating unit, in which case the movement of the operating unit actually generates a signal. For example, the operating unit can act on the strings of a musical instrument component, thus directly generating a sound signal. In such an embodiment, the operating unit can be designed, for example, as a hammer unit.

[0029] It is possible for a musical instrument component to be equipped as a complete instrument with multiple key units and magnetorheological braking devices, whereby each adjustment of the magnetorheological braking device adjusts the characteristics of the musical instrument component to simulate different instruments or instrument types.

[0030] In a preferred development, an (electronic) control unit and / or a control device is provided which derives and outputs an electrical sound signal from the signal generated by the key unit. The electronic control unit can be integrated into a control device, which controls, for example, the displacement-dependent or time-dependent control of the force profile of the magnetorheological braking device.

[0031] A major advantage of using a magnetorheological brake device is that it can be used to achieve maximum braking effect from a standstill in just a few milliseconds. Conversely, the brake torque can be reduced from maximum to a low base torque in just a few milliseconds, making it possible to change the movement characteristics of individual key units during key movement, and therefore during the playing of an instrument, in order to adjust to desired characteristics or simulate a desired musical instrument.

[0032] Preferably, the magnetorheological medium comprises magnetorheological particles and a filling medium, which may comprise or be formed as, for example, a gas, a liquid, or an oil. Preferably, one of the two brake components is rotationally symmetrical in the region of the brake gap, and the other brake component has a non-circular (innermost or) outermost cross section in the region of the brake gap.

[0033] In all embodiments, preferably, a plurality of key units and (correspondingly allocated) magnetorheological braking devices are provided.

[0034] In a preferred embodiment, it is possible and preferred to arrange at least one freewheeling device (in the force or torque flow) between the at least one key unit and the support, which allows for unhindered (and independent of the braking device) operation or return in the direction of movement.

[0035] Preferably, a specific freewheel device or devices are accommodated between the transmission and one of the two brake components.

[0036] The musical instrument according to the present invention is used to generate a series of notes and comprises at least one musical instrument component having at least one support. A plurality of key units for generating notes are movably mounted on the support. Each key unit is movable between at least two positions. When the key unit moves from the first position to the second position, at least one signal for generating at least one note is triggered. A controllable magnetorheological brake device is assigned to each key unit for braking the movement of the key unit in a controlled manner (with respect to displacement and / or time). The or each magnetorheological brake device comprises at least two brake components pivotable relative to each other about a pivot axis, with a brake gap formed between the two brake components, the brake gap being curved and extending around the pivot axis. The brake gap is equipped with a magnetorheological medium, and at least one magnetic field generator is capable of applying a controllable magnetic field to brake and stop the movement of the key unit in a controlled manner.

[0037] The musical instrument preferably has at least one (common) resonator. Preferably, a plurality of key units are arranged adjacently. For example, the musical instrument can have a plurality of key units. For example, the musical instrument can have 88 key units to form or simulate a piano or a concert grand piano.

[0038] Further advantages and features of the present invention will be explained in the exemplary embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0039] [Figure 1a] 1 illustrates an embodiment of a musical instrument component according to the present invention. [Figure 1b]1 illustrates an embodiment of a musical instrument component according to the present invention. [Figure 1c] 1 illustrates an embodiment of a musical instrument component according to the present invention. [Figure 1d] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a sequence for generating a sound. [Figure 1e] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a sequence for generating a sound. [Figure 2] 1 is a highly schematic cross-sectional view of a musical instrument component according to the present invention; [Figure 3a] 1 is a perspective view of a braking device for a musical instrument component according to the present invention; FIG. [Figure 3b] 1 is a cross-sectional view of a musical instrument component according to the present invention. [Figure 3c] 1 is a cross-sectional view of a musical instrument component according to the present invention. [Figure 4] 1 is a highly schematic cross-sectional view of another musical instrument component according to the present invention; [Figure 5] 1 is a highly schematic cross-sectional view of another musical instrument component according to the present invention; [Figure 6] 1 is a highly schematic cross-sectional view of another musical instrument component according to the present invention; [Figure 7] 1 is a highly schematic cross-sectional view of another musical instrument component according to the present invention; [Figure 8] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of another musical instrument component according to the present invention. [Figure 9] FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of another musical instrument component according to the present invention. [Figure 10a] 10A-10C are diagrams of force profiles versus displacement for different instruments and different actuation speeds. [Figure 10b] 10A-10C are diagrams of force profiles versus displacement for different instruments and different actuation speeds. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0040] Figures 1a, 1b and 1c show three different embodiments of a musical instrument component 100 according to the invention. In this case, Figure 1a shows a concert grand piano 101 as the musical instrument or musical instrument component 100. The concert grand piano 101 has a keyboard comprising a number of key units 11 which are here mounted together on a support 10. The concert grand piano has a resonator 105. When the key units 11 are operated, sounds 16 are emitted.

[0041] Figure 1b shows a musical instrument component 100, here a piano 102, again with a keyboard provided with key units 11. Again, the key units 11 are mounted on a common support 10. Similarly, resonators 105 are provided. Figures 1a and 1b do not show pedals that can be operated as required to change the acoustic characteristics.

[0042] Figure 1c shows a keyboard 103 or music keyboard, which also has a plurality of key units 11, here arranged on two levels. Each key unit 11 is movably, here pivotally, mounted on a support 10. A control device 20 (possibly an electronic control unit 50) can be mounted on the base 10 or housing, which is provided for controlling the magnetorheological braking device and for further processing the signals generated.

[0043] A selector switch 25 is also provided for adjusting the desired characteristic or for switching on or off. A display 29 can be used for control. At connection 22, the signal 14 or the sound signal 17 generated by the control device 20 can be output and forwarded.

[0044] The magnetorheological brake device 1 (see FIG. 2) arranged inside the housing allows the characteristics to be precisely and individually adjusted and changed for each key when operating the key unit.

[0045] Figures 1d and 1e show schematic method steps or sequences for generating a sound. In this case, Figure 1d shows a schematic key unit 11, the movement of which can be braked by a magnetorheological braking device 1. The key unit 11 can act on an operating unit 19, such as the hammer unit of a piano or concert grand piano. In the case of purely electronic musical instrument components, the operating unit 19 can be omitted. In both cases, a signal 14 is generated, which acts, for example, on a string 18, possibly directly, to generate a sound 16.

[0046] Alternatively, Figure 1e shows the sequence in the electrical device when the key unit 11 is operated. The movement of the key unit 11 is stopped by the magnetorheological braking device 1. A signal 14 is generated, which is converted by a control device (not shown here) into an (electrical) sound signal 17, and finally to a sound 16, possibly at a distance.

[0047] 2 shows in a schematic cross-section a possible embodiment of a musical instrument component 100, shown very diagrammatically. A key unit 11 is attached to a base or support 10. The key unit 11 is here mounted so as to be pivotable about an axis 1a of the magnetorheological brake device 1. The key unit 11 is here mounted so as to be pivotable about the pivot axis 1a in one end region. A first position 12, which is a rest or starting position, is shown in solid lines. A pivoted second position 13 is shown in dashed lines.

[0048] To return the key unit 11 to its first position, which is its rest position, a return device 40 is provided, which includes a spring device 42, here designed as a spiral spring. When the key unit 11 is operated, the spiral spring of the spring device 42 is compressed, so that when the key unit 11 is released, it automatically returns to the first position 12.

[0049] A sensor device 21 having a first sensor component 21a and a second sensor component 21b is used to detect the position or position measurement of the key unit 11. By evaluating the current position, the speed of movement and the rate of change of acceleration of the key unit 11, the signal 14 can possibly already be determined directly. Furthermore, the strength of the braking or the strength of the brake 1 is adjusted via the respective current position of the key 11.

[0050] The magnetorheological brake device 1 here comprises an inner, fixed brake component 2 and an outer brake component 3 which is pivotable relative to it, is arranged pivotably about a pivot axis 1a and is connected to a key unit 11. However, it is also possible that the key unit is attached to the pivotable inner brake component 2 which is pivotally attached to the pivotally fixed outer brake component 3.

[0051] Figures 3a, 3b and 3c show a preferred embodiment of a magnetorheological brake device 1. Figure 3a shows a schematic perspective view of an inner brake component 2 and an outer brake component 3. The two brake components 2, 3 are pivotally mounted relative to each other.

[0052] 3b shows a longitudinal section. Here, the inner brake component 2 can be designed, for example, to be stationary. The hollow-formed part of the inner brake component 2 can be used to route, for example, cables for the power supply (not shown) and for any sensors that may be present. Here, the inner brake component also forms a core 26, around which an electric coil unit 24 is wound in a circumferential groove.

[0053] The magnetic field generator 9 here comprises an electric coil unit 24, a core 26 and, possibly, further a permanent magnet, e.g., which provides a base torque even in the de-energized state. In that case, during operation, the magnetic field of the permanent magnet (not shown here) can be amplified or attenuated by energizing the electric coil unit 24 in order to generate a time- or displacement-dependent magnetic field and thus a braking torque.

[0054] 3b shows, by way of example, the shape of the magnetic field 8 passing approximately radially through each of the brake gap portions 5 and 6 of the brake gap 4, here next to the electric coil unit 24. This generates a (variable) braking torque in each of the brake gap portions 5 and 6 depending on the strength of the magnetic field.

[0055] The brake gap 4 , which is part of the receiving space, is at least partly filled with a magnetorheological medium, so that in the brake gap parts 5 and 6 , respectively, there are magnetorheological particles which are influenced by a magnetic field 8 .

[0056] The brake component 3, which here radially surrounds the brake component 2, comprises a housing having a front part 3a, an outer part 3b and a rear part 3c. Overall, the outer part 3b and the core 26 consist of a material with good magnetic conductivity, so that an effective magnetic field 8 can be generated. The other parts 3a, 3c preferably consist of a material with a (much) lower magnetic conductivity (preferably by a factor >10) than the outer part 3b. Sealing means 28, for example elastomeric housing seals, are arranged between the front part 3a and the outer part 3b, and between the outer part 3b and the rear part 3c, respectively.

[0057] At least one rolling bearing 15 may be provided or formed between the two brake components 2 and 3. It is also possible that the magnetorheological brake device 1 provides the rolling bearing 15 rather than providing a separate bearing.

[0058] Figure 3c shows a cross section of the magnetorheological brake device according to Figure 3b, in which the structure of the brake gap 5a can be seen. Here, the inner brake component 2 has an outwardly protruding star-shaped profile or teeth in the region of the brake gap 5, while the outer brake component 3 has a cylindrical inner wall. This results in a circumferentially variable gap height 5a between the two brake components 2, 3, with a minimum gap height 5b and a maximum gap height 5c alternating periodically. Here, the two brake components 2, 3 are designed so that the axial gap direction 5d is constant across the brake gap 5 or 6, respectively.

[0059] The brake gaps 5 and 6 each have a variable gap height 5a, which can vary by up to 1%, 2%, or 5% of the diameter of the brake gap 5. Larger and smaller gap heights are also possible. The brake gaps preferably contain magnetorheological particles whose particle size is much smaller than the respective minimum gap height. Preferably, the maximum particle size of the magnetorheological particles 7a is less than 1 / 5, 1 / 10, or 1 / 100 of the minimum gap height 5b. However, other sizes of the magnetorheological particles 7a are also possible. The magnetorheological particles 7a are surrounded by a filling medium 7b, which can be a gas, so that dry magnetorheological particles 7a are present in the brake gaps 5 and 6. However, oil or other fluids can also be used as carrier medium.

[0060] 4 to 7 show another exemplary embodiment of a musical instrument component 100 according to the present invention, each having a key unit 11 and a magnetorheological brake component 1. The magnetorheological brake component 1 brakes and stops the movement of the respective key unit 11 in a controlled manner.

[0061] In Fig. 4, a magnetic spring with two (permanent) magnets 43 is provided as the return device 40. This variant is preferable when the key unit is small and can nevertheless generate sufficient torque. The magnets in the key unit 11 and in the support 10, towards which the key unit 11 moves when pressed, allow for magnetic return. For this purpose, the magnets 43 are of opposite polarity. In this embodiment, the return force decreases as the distance increases.

[0062] 5 shows a variant in which a magnetic restoring device is also provided. For this purpose, for example, a permanent magnet is attached to either the key unit 11 or the support 10, while an electric coil with a core is arranged on the other element. The magnitude of the magnetic field can thus be adjusted by controlling the strength of the current. This makes it possible to set a constant, or possibly variable, restoring force even when the distance between the two magnets 43 changes.

[0063] 5, the key unit 11 is attached to the support 10 via a rotary bearing 15. The magnetorheological brake device 1 is coupled to the key unit via a transmission 30, here a tension transmission 30a, so that a pivoting movement of the key unit 11 also pivots one of the two brake components of the brake device 1. As a tensioning means, for example, a belt 33 or a chain 34 can be used.

[0064] 6a shows another exemplary embodiment in which the key unit 11 is rotatably mounted via a rotary bearing 15. Teeth 31 are formed or attached to the end of the key unit 11, which here directly mesh with teeth 32 on the outer periphery of the outer brake component 3. The outer brake component 3 is rotatably arranged relative to the inner brake component 2. A position sensor of the sensor device 21 is used to detect the rotational position of the outer brake component 3, from which the position or location of the key unit 11 can be derived. A return device 40 here acts on the outer brake component 3 and also returns the key unit 11 to the first position 12, here directly by the magnetorheological brake device 1. This has the additional advantage that tooth play is compensated for, since the teeth 31, 32 are preloaded against each other.

[0065] FIG. 6b shows a modification of the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 6a, but its functionality can basically be used in all exemplary embodiments.

[0066] The key units 11 are again rotatably accommodated in Fig. 6b via rotary bearings 15. Between at least one or all of the key units 11 and the respective support 10 there is arranged (in each case at least) one freewheel device 35. In that case, the freewheel device 35 is accommodated here between the transmission 30 and one of the two brake components 2, 3.

[0067] Specifically, in this embodiment, the freewheel device 35 is housed between the (outer) rotating component 3 and the gear 32 surrounding this rotating component 3, so that the freewheel can be actuated in a (e.g., selectable or controllable) direction of movement in order to reduce torque precisely and as much as possible during movement.

[0068] The freewheel device 35 comprises a number of roll elements 36, which are here arranged distributed over the circumference of the brake component 3. Furthermore, spring elements 37 are provided for preloading the roll elements 36 into a basic position. Here, the roll elements 36 are designed as pinch rolls, which allows for particularly quiet operation. The magnetorheological actuator or brake device 1 is connected to the (inner) freewheel component. The gear 32 is connected to the outer freewheel component of the freewheel device 35.

[0069] The use of a freewheel is possible in all embodiments and developments and is not limited to use in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 6b.

[0070] The freewheel device 35 is particularly useful and advantageous for (very) quickly returning the key unit to its rest position. For this purpose, it is advantageous if the return is performed decoupled from the brake device 1 (depending on the arrangement of the actuator or the brake device 1). In particular, even if the brake device 1 is attached directly to the pivot of the key unit (and without a gear stage), the base torque of the brake device 1 can be significantly reduced when returning, so that a (sufficiently) fast return can always be achieved.

[0071] The freewheel device 35 can be attached on one side to the brake components 2, 3 and on the other side directly to the key unit 11 or, for example, between the brake device 1 and the transmission device 30. The freewheel device 35 either locks the key in the direction of the stroke or couples the key unit 11 to the brake device 1 in this direction of movement and allows movement back to the rest position.

[0072] The freewheel device shown in FIG. 6b may have another suitable form, for example the freewheel device may include a spring-wound freewheel (or the like) or may be designed as a spring-wound freewheel.

[0073] 7 shows another variant in which the teeth 31 on the key unit 11 are mounted below the actual key surface of the key unit 11. The teeth 31 then cooperate with teeth 32 on the brake device 1. Again, the brake device 1 is directly connected to the key unit 11 via the teeth 31, 32. The key unit 11 is again returned to its rest position by a return device 40, here a mechanical spring device 44. Other return devices can also be used. For example, return springs in the form of torsion coil springs, spiral springs, disc springs or magnetic springs can be used.

[0074] 8 and 9 show another exemplary embodiment. In FIG. 8, a perspective view of a musical instrument component 100 is shown, which has, for example, two key units 11 arranged next to each other. The two key units 11 are mounted on a support 10 and are each arranged to be pivotable via a rotation bearing 15. The rear ends of the key units 11 are each provided with teeth 31 that engage with corresponding teeth 32 of two different brake devices 1. As is clear from the cross-sectional view of FIG. 9, in order to optimally utilize the installation space, the brake devices 1 directly adjacent in the axial direction are here arranged circumferentially offset. Here, the brake devices 1 are shown at three different heights in order to brake and stop the three different key units 11 in a controlled manner. This allows optimal utilization of the limited installation space. The brake devices 1 of the key units 11 are arranged axially offset, so that the teeth 31 of the key unit engage with corresponding teeth 32 of the associated brake device 1.

[0075] FIG. 10a shows a diagram of operating force versus displacement or pivot angle for different instruments.

[0076] When pressing a key on a key unit, different forces must be applied for different instruments, but even for the same instrument the force profile depends on the velocity at which the key is pressed.

[0077] Curve 106 shows the force profile of a harpsichord, curve 107 shows the force profile of a concert grand piano 101, and curve 109 shows the force profile of a music keyboard, where curve 107 shows the force profile at a relatively low velocity V1 of the key unit 11.

[0078] In a concert grand piano, the hammer needs to be accelerated in the direction of the strings. Because this is a rotational movement, the force required increases until the hammer is released from the mechanism (the so-called release) and then strikes the strings by its impact alone. From the point of release, the force required for further movement decreases, and the user perceives only the friction of the mechanism until the key unit hits a stop (end position) (as in a "real" concert grand piano, but simulated here). There, the movement (which would be the case in reality, but is virtual here) is damped or damped by felt or the like, so that the key unit does not strike violently.

[0079] On a real piano (an upright piano, as opposed to a grand piano), the force profile is slightly different as the hammers stand up rather than lie down, and this can also be simulated on request.

[0080] In contrast, a harpsichord "plucks" the string with its feathers, which initially requires more force to move the feather past or scratch over the string. As soon as the string is plucked by the feather, the force drops almost completely, resulting in the string moving effortlessly along the rest of the key unit's path. Here too, the profile can be adjusted accordingly.

[0081] Music keyboards usually only have springs as return elements and key units (often made of plastic) that have very little mass and therefore low inertia. The force required to move a key is therefore predetermined by the spring characteristic curve of the return device, which can also be simulated.

[0082] Figure 10b again shows a curve 107 of the force profile when operating the key unit of a concert grand piano at a first relatively low velocity V1, while another curve 108 shows the force profile when operating the key unit 11 at a relatively high velocity V2.

[0083] In this diagram, the difference in touch for different speeds on, for example, a concert grand piano is shown diagrammatically. When moving slowly (playing quietly), the player (on a real grand piano) first perceives the weight of the hammer and the friction between the parts of the mechanism. When the hammer is released, the player perceives a drop in resistance (just before the end position). When playing loudly (striking the keys quickly), the player perceives above all the inertia of all components: the mechanism, the hammer and the key unit. This can be many times the force required when playing quietly. In that case, the player does not perceive the increase in force and in that case the release of the hammer is not perceptible either. Here, this course can be adjusted.

[0084] According to the present invention, it is possible to change the resistance of a key unit (e.g., a piano key) when operating (hitting) the key unit. This allows for the so-called touch dynamics to be changed. The movement is braked by a rotary actuator. The key unit can be returned by a return device (e.g., integrated into the brake device or external). The player should not apply too much force to press the key unit, so the return force must not be too large. At the same time, the force must not be too small, so that the key unit needs to return to its starting position again quickly enough to allow the key unit to be played continuously at high speed.

[0085] The braking device can be attached directly to the rotational axis of the key unit and delivers the torque directly to the attachment or support, this variant being particularly preferred when the braking device is compact yet capable of delivering sufficient torque.

[0086] Generally, it is possible to transmit the force via a transmission, but it is also possible to transmit the force via a connecting rod, for example.

[0087] The brake devices may in some cases be too large (approximately 2 cm wide per key unit) for side-by-side placement (especially with black keys in between). In that case, the brake devices 1 can be mounted at different heights or angular positions. Correspondingly, the gears of the key units can be selected to be large or with a specific angle range per key unit. The advantage of transmitting force via gears or using a belt drive is the transmission ratio possible when the brake device 1 is not strong enough for direct damping. To play at forte, a maximum of 12 Nm is required in the outer area of ​​the key units on a piano.

[0088] This movement can be determined by internal sensors, for example, in the braking device 1 by a magnet ring and a Hall sensor. The same sensors can also be used for signal generation (sound generation). A signal (sound) is generated when the key unit is struck, preferably when the key unit exceeds a certain (predetermined or adjustable) position. In particular, the speed at which the key unit is moved can dictate, in particular, the volume. A higher speed generates a louder sound, a lower speed a quieter sound. In this way, a separate sensor in the key unit may be omitted. Alternatively, only the sensor in the key unit can be used for sound generation and for the braking device 1. This works well if the accuracy of this sensor is sufficient. It is also possible to install different sensors for the braking device 1 and for sound generation.

[0089] Numerous attempts have been made to create a good piano key feel. The difficulty lies, on the one hand, in (artificially) reproducing the point at which the hammer units (of the piano mechanism) release in a piano. On the other hand, it is difficult to reproduce the different key forces when the key units are played at different speeds. Depending on the speed at which the key units are operated, either the friction in the mechanism (when struck slowly or played quietly) or the inertia of the entire system (when struck quickly or played loudly) plays a larger role. Commercially available digital pianos are equipped with a mechanical replica of the hammer mechanism, which does not contribute to sound generation itself but merely imitates the feel of a grand piano. This may be important for the player's playing sensation.

[0090] The invention allows for fine control of sound generation. The braking device 1, with braking components 2, 3 pivotable relative to one another, has sufficient strength and speed to provide the required torque. The base damping is very low, allowing for the highest possible adaptability. The sealing of the braking device can be achieved using magnetic fluid.

[0091] The present invention allows not only the reproduction of a single hammer mechanism, but also the simulation of any number of different resistance profiles. All parameters, especially the force level and the pivot angle of the key unit, for each force profile can be adjusted by the performer. It is also possible to pre-program instruments, i.e., bar piano, concert grand piano, harpsichord, music keyboard, and organ.

[0092] The brake device 1 has a large gap between the base torque and the maximum torque that can be generated. It is important that the base torque is small so that the key unit can be struck with a very small force. Furthermore, since it is only necessary to overcome the base torque and the weight of the key unit, a very small return force can be selected. For example, a spring with a small spring constant can be used. [Explanation of symbols]

[0093] 1 Brake device 1a Swivel axis 2. First brake component 3 Secondary Brake Component 3a Front member 3b Outer member 3c Rear part 4. Storage space, gap 5 Brake gap 5a Gap height 5b Minimum height of 5 Maximum height of 5c 5 5d 5 axial gap direction 6 Brake gap 7. Magneto-rheological media 7a particles 7b Filling medium 8 Magnetic field 9 Magnetic Field Generator 10 Support 11 Key Unit 12 First position 13 Second position 14 signals 15 Rotary bearing 16 sounds 17 Sound Signals 18 strings 19 Operation unit, hammer unit 20 Control device 21 Sensor device 21a Sensor Components 21b Sensor Components 22 Connection 24 Electric coil unit 25 Switch 26 cores 27 Sealing device 28 Sealing means 29 displays 30 Transmission Device 30a traction means transmission device 31 11 teeth 32 1 tooth 33 Belt 34 Chain 35 Freewheel device 36 Roller element 37 Spring elements 40 Return device 42 Spring device 43 Magnetic field 44 Mechanical Spring Device 50 Electronic Control Unit 100 Instrument Components 101 Concert Grand Piano 102 Piano 103-key music keyboard 105 Resonator 106 104 force profile 107 101 Force Profile (v1) 108 101 Force Profile (v2) 109 Musical Keyboard Force Profile

Claims

1. A musical instrument component (100) comprising at least one support (10) to which at least one key unit (11) for generating a sound (16) is movably mounted, said key unit (11) being movable between at least two positions (12, 13) and triggering at least one signal (14) for generating at least one sound (16) when moving from at least said first position (12) to said second position (13), said key unit (11) being assigned a controllable magnetorheological braking device (1) for braking the movement of said key unit (11) in a controlled manner, The magnetorheological brake device (1) comprises at least two brake components (2, 3) pivotable relative to each other about a pivot axis (1 a), at least one brake gap (5, 6) extending in a curved manner around the pivot axis (1 a) is formed between the two brake components, and the brake gap is equipped with a magnetorheological medium (7), and a controllable magnetic field (8) of at least one magnetic field generating device (9) can be applied to the brake gap in order to brake and stop the movement of the key unit (11) in a controlled manner.

2. 10. The musical instrument component (100) according to the preceding claim, wherein the brake gap (5, 6) extends in a ring shape around the pivot axis (1a) of the magnetorheological brake device (1).

3. 10. A musical instrument component (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the brake gap (5,6) has a variable gap height (5a) over the circumferential extension of the brake gap.

4. 10. The musical instrument component (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the magnetic field generating device (9) comprises a magnetic conductive core (26) and at least one electric coil unit (24) for generating a controllable magnetic field (8) in the brake gap (5, 6).

5. 10. The musical instrument component (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a sealing device (27) is housed between the first brake component (2) and the second brake component (3).

6. 10. A musical instrument component (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one sensor device (21) is assigned to said key unit (11) for detecting a measurement of the position of said key unit (11).

7. 10. The musical instrument component (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the key unit (11) is attached to the support (10) in a floating manner.

8. 10. The musical instrument component (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the key unit (11) is rotatably supported on the support (10) via at least one rotation bearing (15).

9. 10. A musical instrument component (100) according to the preceding claim, wherein said magnetorheological brake device (1) provides said rolling bearing (15).

10. 10. A musical instrument component (100) according to any one of the two preceding claims, wherein the rotary bearing (15) pivotally supports the key unit (11) in an end region (11a).

11. 10. The musical instrument component (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the magnetorheological brake device (1) is coupled to the key unit (11) via a transmission (30).

12. The musical instrument component (100) according to the preceding claim, wherein the key unit (11) is connected to the magnetorheological brake device (11) via a tensioning means transmission device (30a), the tensioning means transmission device (30a) comprising, for example, a belt (33) or a chain (34).

13. 10. The musical instrument component (100) according to claim 1, wherein the transmission device (30) comprises teeth (31) on the key unit (11) and teeth (32) on the magnetorheological brake device (1), and the teeth (31) of the key unit (11) directly engage with the teeth (32) of the magnetorheological brake device (1).

14. 10. A musical instrument component (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the key unit (11) is assigned at least one return device (40) for transferring the key unit (11) from the second position (13) to the first position (12).

15. 10. The musical instrument component (100) according to the preceding claim, wherein the return device (40) comprises at least one spring device (42), the spring device (42) being selected from the group of spring devices comprising a magnetic spring (43), a gas spring, and a mechanical spring device (44).

16. 10. A musical instrument component (100) according to any one of the two preceding claims, wherein the return device (40) acts on the magnetorheological brake device (1) to return it.

17. 10. A musical instrument component (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said key unit (11) acts on an operating unit (19), the movement of which generates said signal (14).

18. 10. A musical instrument component (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising an electronic control unit (50) for deriving and outputting an electrical sound signal (17) from a signal (14) generated by said key unit (11).

19. 10. The musical instrument component (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the magnetorheological medium (7) comprises magnetorheological particles (7a) and a gas or a liquid or a fat as a filling medium (7b).

20. 10. The musical instrument component (100) according to claim 1, wherein one of the two brake components (2, 3) is rotationally symmetrical in the area of ​​the brake gap (5, 6) and the other brake component (3, 2) has a non-circular innermost or outermost cross section in the area of ​​the brake gap (5, 6).

21. 10. A musical instrument component (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a plurality of key units (11) and a magnetorheological braking device (1).

22. 10. A musical instrument component (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one freewheel device (35) is arranged between at least one key unit (11) and said support (10).

23. 10. The instrument component (100) according to the preceding claim, wherein the freewheel device (35) is housed between the transmission device (30) and one of the two brake components (2, 3).

24. A musical instrument (101-104) for producing a sequence of tones, comprising at least one musical instrument component (100) according to any one of the preceding claims.

25. A musical instrument (101-104) according to the preceding claims, comprising at least one resonator (105).

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