Method for automated execution of hypoxic training

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for automatically performing hypoxic training, comprising the method steps of obtaining a first measurement value or inputting a first parameter, obtaining a second measurement value or inputting a second parameter, determining training parameters from the obtained first measurement value and / or the first input parameter and the obtained second measurement value and / or the second input parameter, and creating a hypoxic training program and / or performing the hypoxic training using the determined training parameters, wherein the training parameters include one or more parameters from the group of: duration of hypoxic intervals, number of cycles of hypoxic intervals, and minimum oxygen content of the breathing gas mixture provided during the hypoxic training, and wherein at least one value of one of the two training parameters is at least 1% and at most 25% above or below a value of that training parameter that can be determined only from the first obtained measurement value and / or the first input parameter, or only from the second obtained measurement value and / or the second input parameter.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for automatically performing hypoxic training, comprising the method steps of obtaining a first measurement value or inputting a first parameter, obtaining a second measurement value or inputting a second parameter, determining training parameters from the obtained first measurement value and / or the first input parameter and the obtained second measurement value and / or the second input parameter, and creating a hypoxic training program and / or performing the hypoxic training using the determined training parameters, wherein the training parameters include one or more parameters from the group consisting of the duration of the hypoxic intervals, the number of cycles of the hypoxic intervals, and the minimum oxygen content of the breathing gas mixture provided during the hypoxic training, and wherein at least one value of one of the two training parameters is at least 1% and at most 25% above or below a value of that training parameter that can be determined only from the first obtained measurement value and / or the first input parameter or only from the second obtained measurement value and / or the second input parameter. [Background technology]

[0002] Hypoxia can trigger responses in every cell in the body, allowing for increased energy metabolism. It can contribute to the activation of various genes. Athletes, healthy people, and sick people can benefit from hypoxia.

[0003] The beneficial effects of high-altitude training have long been known. However, until a few years ago, it was not fully explained how a slight oxygen deficiency could lead to improved physical performance. The observed increase in red blood cells was not sufficient to explain the changes in the body. The breakthrough in understanding was the discovery of the hypoxia-inducible factor HIF-1α, which explained the comprehensive effects of high-altitude training. The abbreviation HIF stands for hypoxia-inducible factor. Behind this term is an oxygen sensor that activates when the body's cells are no longer supplied with enough oxygen. It controls one of the body's most important processes for survival: the adaptation of cells, tissues, and organs to oxygen deficiency. At the same time, it is a signal for the body's self-repair.

[0004] The best-known beneficial effect of HIF is the synthesis of erythropoietin (EPO) in the kidney and liver. This played a role in explaining the changes in the circulatory, respiratory, and hematologic systems that occurred before the discovery of HIF. It is now clear that the performance improvement is even more comprehensive. Endothelial cells in the intima respond to the effects of hypoxia with an increase in nitric oxide synthesis (NO). This gas plays a crucial role in vasodilation. It leaves the endothelium and exerts a relaxing effect on smooth muscle cells in the surrounding tissue. In the intima itself, NO inhibits platelet adhesion and aggregation. It is also interesting in this context that, under the influence of hypoxia, endothelial cells form the angiogenic factor VEGF. This formation results in the formation of new capillaries in the context of hypoxic therapy. Very often, these additional vessels are present in damaged tissue or in poorly perfused tissue sections.

[0005] Your heart beats faster and you breathe more. Your body tries to absorb as much oxygen as possible from the air you breathe. For humans, this is neither uncomfortable nor dangerous. Your blood vessels widen, allowing blood to flow faster. The number of red blood cells increases, allowing your body to absorb more oxygen molecules. The supply to all organs improves. In addition, your body starts a regulatory program. Under the influence of the hypoxia factor HIF-1α, your body takes all precautions to survive with less oxygen.

[0006] Mitochondria become denser and younger. Energy production is optimized, improving physical and mental performance in everyday life. In people with disabilities, symptoms are reduced. In the brain, the transmission of neural impulses improves. New nerve cells develop in some areas. The result is increased mental strength and a reduced risk of dementia and Parkinson's disease. The network of blood vessels becomes denser. The inner walls of blood vessels become smoother and more flexible. This reduces the likelihood of dangerous blood clots forming and also reduces the risk of heart attack and stroke.

[0007] On the other hand, lack of oxygen can cause loss of concentration, fatigue, and ultimately loss of consciousness, which can lead to serious damage. Therefore, an optimal training program must take into account the personal limits of each trainee, be safe for the subject, but also be in the range where the organism can optimally cope and the training is effective. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0008] Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method for the automatic execution of hypoxic training, which allows the hypoxic training to be performed safely and at the same time efficiently. Furthermore, it is an object of the present invention to provide various training parameters that ensure the safe and at the same time efficient execution of hypoxic training. [Means for solving the problem]

[0009] The above-mentioned object is achieved by a method for the automatic execution of hypoxic training according to claim 1. Further advantageous configurations of the invention are presented in the dependent claims.

[0010] The method according to the invention for the automatic execution of hypoxic training comprises four method steps: in a first method step, a first measurement value is obtained or a first parameter is input; in a second method step, a second measurement value is obtained or a second parameter is input; the first and / or second method steps are typically performed under medical supervision as part of an initial test of the user; the initial test objectively determines the sensitivity of the user's body to hypoxic stimuli; the initial test is used to adjust the intensity of the hypoxic training to the user's needs; the obtained measurements make it possible to detect outliers and erroneous measurements that may harm the patient during hypoxic training when selecting the determination of the training parameters.

[0011] In a third method step, training parameters are determined from the first acquired measurement and / or the first input parameter and the second acquired measurement and / or the second input parameter.

[0012] In a fourth method step, a hypoxic training program is generated and / or hypoxic training is performed with specific training parameters, including one or more parameters from the group consisting of the duration of the hypoxic intervals, the number of cycles of the hypoxic intervals, the minimum oxygen content of the breathing mixture provided during the hypoxic training, and / or the length of the rest between the hypoxic intervals. The training program is generated automatically, i.e., the measured values ​​and input parameters are automatically converted into the training program.

[0013] Hypoxic training is optimally adjusted to the user's needs via the setting options for the training parameters duration, number of cycles, blood oxygen content and oxygen saturation. Based on the measurements and input parameters obtained, the reduction of oxygen in the breathing air achieves the highest effectiveness and maximum safety during training.

[0014] These training parameters are selected to induce all adaptive processes in the body, but prevent damage from intentionally induced oxygen deprivation. To this end, at least one value of one of the two training parameters is at least 1% and at most 25% higher or lower than the value of the training parameter that can be determined solely from the first acquired measurement and / or first input parameter, or solely from the second acquired measurement and / or second input parameter. The training parameters are set to promote training conditions relative to the training parameters determined solely from the first acquired measurement and / or first input parameter, or solely from the second acquired measurement and / or second input parameter, i.e., 1% to 25% higher than the target value for blood oxygen saturation, higher for the oxygen concentration of respiratory gases, lower for the length of hypoxic intervals, higher for the length of rest periods between hypoxic intervals, and lower for the number of repetitions. Preferably, the training parameters are parameters whose training conditions are promoted solely from the first acquired measurement value and / or the first input parameter, or solely from the second acquired measurement value and / or the second input parameter, i.e., parameters 1% to 25% higher than the target blood oxygen saturation value, high for the oxygen concentration of the respiratory gas, low for the length of the hypoxic interval, high for the length of the rest period between hypoxic intervals, and low for the number of repetitions. This tolerance for parameter deviation ensures the safe implementation of the user's hypoxic training program while achieving a high training effect. Numerous tests have shown that training programs whose training parameters fall within this range avoid oxygen shortages that can damage the organism, yet are still within a range where training is effective.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, at least one value of one of the two training parameters is at least 1% and at most 20%, preferably at least 1% and at most 15%, particularly preferably at least 1% and at most 10% above or below the value of that training parameter that can be determined solely from the first acquired measurement value and / or the first input parameter or solely from the second acquired measurement value and / or the second input parameter.

[0015] In a refinement of the invention, the value of one training parameter is at least 1.5% and at most 8% above or below the value of that training parameter. In a further embodiment of the invention, the value of one training parameter is at least 2% and at most 7% above or below the value of that training parameter. Depending on the measurements obtained of the user, further tolerances are possible, for example, at least 3% and at most 7.5%, at least 4% and at most 7%. The tolerance is selected as small as possible to achieve effective hypoxic training, but at the same time large enough to make hypoxic training safe for the user.

[0016] In a further embodiment of the invention, the value of one training parameter is set independently of the results of the obtained measurements and / or input parameters, and the further training parameter is adapted accordingly. Thus, only one training parameter is changed, while the further training parameter is set as a function of the measurements and / or input parameters and is not variable.

[0017] In a further embodiment of the invention, the first and second process steps are performed at different times, preferably at least 10 minutes apart, more preferably at least 30 minutes apart, and even more preferably at least 24 hours apart. The shifting of the time points can reveal erroneous measurements, for example, measurements due to physical deviations from normal and / or physical irregularities.

[0018] In a further embodiment of the invention, the first and / or second process step and the third and / or fourth process step are performed at different time points, preferably at least 10 minutes apart, more preferably at least 30 minutes apart, even more preferably at least 24 hours apart. The determination of training parameters and / or the creation and / or execution of a hypoxic training program cannot be compared with the monitoring and adaptation of an already created hypoxic training program during the execution of the hypoxic training program.

[0019] In a further aspect of the invention, the training parameters are determined anew, independently of previously established training parameters and / or hypoxic training programs already performed on the same subject.

[0020] In a further configuration of the invention, at least one training parameter is the duration of the hypoxic interval and / or the minimum oxygen content of the breathing air mixture provided during the hypoxic training. These two training parameters allow the hypoxic training to be tailored to the user's needs. These training parameters are determined in such a way that all adaptive processes in the body are stimulated, but no damage due to intentionally induced oxygen deprivation occurs.

[0021] In advantageous embodiments of the present invention, hypoxic training programs are generated automatically, which increases the reproducibility of hypoxic training programs, minimizes sources of human error, and allows for cost-effective generation of hypoxic training programs.

[0022] In a further advantageous configuration of the present invention, the hypoxic training program is executed automatically, and thus can be cost-effectively administered to the user, especially if the user is wearing a monitoring device such as a pulse oximeter.

[0023] In a further embodiment of the invention, the measured values ​​and / or input parameters include SI values ​​of heart rate variability measurements, duration of breath-hold tests, results of MitoOx tests, results of MDA-LDL tests, dose determination according to Professor Apanasenko, and results of tests on basal respiration, ATP production, proton leak, maximal respiration, spare capacity and / or non-mitochondrial respiration.

[0024] Heart rate variability can be used to measure a patient's physical resilience and is recommended before and during hypoxic training.

[0025] Heart rate variability (HRV) can be used to measure the general adaptability of an organism. This measurement provides an assessment of how well the autonomic nervous system responds to the effects of stress through its two components, the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. HRV values ​​are of interest for hypoxic training, as they provide information about the regulatory capacity of the autonomic nervous system. The flexibility of the autonomic nervous system is important when planning interval durations; they can be used for control during the training process.

[0026] The SI value includes various HRV parameters. The magnitude of the SI can be used to estimate the degree of balance between the activities of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. A higher SI value indicates a tighter regulatory system and a lower relaxation capacity.

[0027] The results of the breath-hold test provide the first indication of the possible depth of hypoxia. They also provide information about the load capacity during training. There are various breath-hold tests, the Stange test and the Genchi test are just two of them. They provide the same information and simply differ in their approach, which appeals to different patient groups. Both tests are performed before the first hypoxic training and after the completion of a course of hypoxic therapy. Test results with a long breath-hold time confirm the correct dosage and positive effect of hypoxia.

[0028] Mitochondrial pool analysis should be performed in all patients whenever possible. For a long time, assessment of mitochondrial function was only possible indirectly and at high patient expense. A new approach is to assess mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from a single drop of blood using the MitoOx test. Variations ranging from small point mutations to the loss of larger segments of mtDNA (deletions) affect the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The MitoOx test provides the determination of the most common deletion, 4977 bp (common deletion), which encompasses base pairs 8470 to 13447 and affects approximately one-third of the entire mitochondrial genome. Complexes I, IV, and V of the respiratory chain are affected by this mutation. The number of 4977 bp deletions increases with oxidative stress.

[0029] The MitoOx test compares the number of healthy mitochondrial gene copies with the number of damaged gene copies. A higher number of healthy mitochondrial gene copies indicates a lower oxidative load or a higher antioxidant capacity. An increase in the proportion of copies with the 4977bp deletion can be assumed to indicate reduced mitochondrial function.

[0030] For hypoxic training, this means that hyperoxic periods are counterproductive in patients with the accumulation of the 4977 bp deletion. Oxidative stress is further increased by elevated oxygen content. In patients with mitochondrial dysfunction, switching between hypoxic and hyperoxic periods may further deteriorate mitochondria.

[0031] Most chronic diseases are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. The Bioenergetic Health Index (BHI) examines the function of individual switching cells in the respiratory chain and assesses the bioenergetic quality of mitochondria. Six parameters can be used to identify weak spots and determine the degree of dysfunction or mitochondrial efficiency. Other measurements and / or input parameters include results from tests on basal respiration, ATP production, proton leak, maximal respiration, spare capacity, and / or non-mitochondrial respiration.

[0032] In a further embodiment of the invention, before a training program is created, the training parameters are checked, during which the training parameters are compared with real-time measured values, for example, of the oxygen concentration in the respiratory gases, the oxygen saturation in the blood, and the user's heart rate.

[0033] In a further embodiment of the present invention, the training parameters are modified before a training program is created. If the determined training parameters are within the expected range during initial testing, a training program is created and a training plan is initiated using the determined training parameters. If the determined training parameters are not within the expected range during initial testing, the training parameters are modified so that measurements, such as oxygen concentration in respiratory gases, oxygen saturation in blood, and heart rate, are again within the expected range. A new training plan including the modified training parameters is then created and initiated with the modified training parameters. By checking the training parameters and modifying them in real time as necessary, safe and simultaneously effective hypoxic training is achieved.

[0034] In a refinement of the invention, the generated training program is generated in a first computer unit, in particular the generated training program is generated under medical supervision, which improves the reproducibility of the hypoxic training program, minimizes sources of human error and allows for cost-effective generation of the hypoxic training program.

[0035] In a further embodiment of the invention, the generated training program is transmitted from the first computer unit to a second computer unit, which is typically located remotely from the first computer unit.

[0036] In a further configuration of the invention, the second computer unit includes a control element for executing the training program. The second computer unit can also be used to execute the created hypoxic training program remotely from the first computer unit. A user can execute the created hypoxic training program, for example at home, by the second computer unit and a control element located on or connected to the second computer unit to execute the training program.

[0037] In a further aspect of the present invention, the training parameters include the number of hypoxic cycles, the number of training sessions in a treatment course, and / or the recovery time between individual training sessions. The training intensity is primarily determined by the number of hypoxic intervals. Scientific evidence suggests that 4-5 cycles per training session are sufficient. Patients with poor baseline values ​​should begin hypoxic training with 3-4 cycles. After approximately 5 training sessions, the training curves are compared. Changes in HRV parameters, pulse rate, and oxygen saturation curves are expected. For patients with reduced general fitness, intermediate tests such as HRV measurements or breath-hold tests are also useful for evaluating training.

[0038] A further embodiment includes a recovery phase in the form of repeated weekly applications, in particular with a higher number of repetitions, the higher the target values ​​or training parameters, which prevents heavy physical loads and allows physical adaptation during the recovery phase.

[0039] After several training units, preferably after up to 5 training units, more preferably after up to 2-4 training units, and most preferably after each training unit, the training parameters are determined anew, thus ensuring effective and at the same time safe individualized hypoxic training.

[0040] In a further embodiment of the present invention, the method is performed in an individualized manner. Each user responds individually to hypoxic training. Intermediate tests, such as heart rate variability (HRV) measurements, should be performed periodically to avoid overtraining, especially in patients with reduced general fitness. In addition, individual factors, such as hypoglycemic tendency and medication use, are included in the training plan.

[0041] In a further embodiment of the invention, the training program is stopped as a function of a combination of two values ​​from the acquired measurements and / or input parameters and / or as a function of the value of one of the acquired measurements and / or input parameters. In particular, a safety limit (safety cut-off) in the form of a parameter leading to the stopping and / or creation of the automatic training is set individually for the user's blood oxygen saturation. If this safety limit is not reached, a safety program is activated to ensure that the blood oxygen saturation exceeds the safety limit again. This allows for a training program that is safe for the user, even outside of medical supervision.

[0042] In a refinement of the invention, the automatic generation and / or execution of the hypoxic training is aborted if the training parameters determined from the first acquired measurement value and / or the first input parameters, or the training parameters determined solely from the second acquired measurement value and / or the second input parameters, exceed a tolerable range of parameter deviations, thus reliably avoiding oxygen starvation that would damage the organism.

[0043] In one embodiment, hypoxic training includes only hypoxic and hyperoxic periods to produce particularly high performance improvements.

[0044] In another embodiment, the hypoxic training includes only hypoxic and normoxic periods to reduce the strain on the body, especially the hyperoxic periods that may cause high strain on the user.

[0045] In a further embodiment, the hypoxic training includes hyperoxic and normoxic periods after each hypoxic period in order to reduce the body's peak load, particularly towards the end of the training, while still allowing for increased performance. The training preferably begins with a hyperoxic period, and / or hyperoxic and normoxic periods are alternated in each case after the hypoxic period. In particular, the alternation between hyperoxic and normoxic periods reduces the peak load during the hypoxic training.

[0046] An exemplary embodiment of the method according to the invention for automatically performing hypoxic training is shown in a simplified manner schematically in the drawings and is explained in more detail in the following description. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0047] [Figure 1] A diagram of the hypoxic-normoxic training plan is shown. [Figure 2] A diagram of the hypoxic-hyperoxic training plan is shown. [Figure 3a] A detailed diagram of the hypoxic-normoxic training plan is shown. [Figure 3b] A detailed diagram of the hypoxic-normoxic training plan is shown, including tolerance ranges for the training parameters indicated. [Figure 4] 1 shows a flow chart of a method according to the invention for automatically performing hypoxic training. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0048] 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of an interval-based hypoxic-normoxic training program 1. Hypoxic intervals 100 alternate with normoxic intervals 200. In this exemplary embodiment, each interval 100, 200 has a duration of 5 minutes.

[0049] The diagram shows the oxygen concentration in the respiratory gases 10 (ordinate O), the oxygen saturation in the blood 20 (ordinate SpO), the heart rate 40 (ordinate HR), and the values ​​of the safety limit 30 (safety cut-off) for the blood oxygen saturation 20 SpO over time (abscissa). The safety limit 30 is 80% SpO in this and all subsequent exemplary embodiments, but can be set individually for each user. If this safety limit 30 is not reached, a safety program is activated to ensure that the blood oxygen saturation 20 again exceeds the safety limit 30 of 80% SpO.

[0050] When carrying out the method 400 according to the present invention for the automatic execution of hypoxic training 400 (see FIG. 4 ), a number of measurements of the user are obtained by an initial test 410 and a number of parameters of the user are input 420 into a first computer unit.

[0051] Heart rate variability can be used to measure a patient's physical resilience. Measurement is recommended before and during hypoxic training. Heart rate variability (HRV) can be used to measure the general adaptability of an organism. This measurement provides an assessment of how well the autonomic nervous system, through its two components, the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, can respond to the effects of stress. HRV values ​​are of interest for hypoxic training because they provide information about the regulatory capacity of the autonomic nervous system. The flexibility of the autonomic nervous system is important when planning the duration of intervals. They can be used for control during the training process.

[0052] The SI value includes various HRV parameters. The magnitude of the SI can be used to estimate the degree of balance between the activities of the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system. A higher SI value indicates a tighter regulatory system and a lower relaxivity.

[0053] The results of the breath-hold test provide the first indication of the possible depth of hypoxia. They also provide information about the load capacity during training. There are various breath-hold tests, the Stange test and the Genchi test are just two of them. They provide the same information and simply differ in their approach, which appeals to different patient groups. Both tests are performed before the first hypoxic training and after the completion of a course of hypoxic therapy. Test results with a long breath-hold time confirm the correct dosage and positive effect of hypoxia.

[0054] Mitochondrial pool analysis should be performed in all patients whenever possible. For a long time, assessment of mitochondrial function was only possible indirectly and at high patient expense. A new approach is to assess mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from a single drop of blood using the MitoOx test. Variations ranging from small point mutations to the loss of larger segments of mtDNA (deletions) affect the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The MitoOx test provides the determination of the most common deletion, 4977 bp (common deletion), which encompasses base pairs 8470 to 13447 and affects approximately one-third of the entire mitochondrial genome. Complexes I, IV, and V of the respiratory chain are affected by this mutation. The number of 4977 bp deletions increases with oxidative stress.

[0055] The MitoOx test compares the number of healthy mitochondrial gene copies with the number of damaged gene copies. A higher number of healthy mitochondrial gene copies indicates a lower oxidative load or a higher antioxidant capacity. An increase in the proportion of copies with the 4977bp deletion can be assumed to indicate reduced mitochondrial function.

[0056] Most chronic diseases are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. The Bioenergetic Health Index (BHI) examines the function of individual switching cells in the respiratory chain and assesses the bioenergetic quality of mitochondria. Six parameters can be used to identify weak spots and determine the degree of dysfunction or mitochondrial efficiency. These six parameters test the user's basal respiration, ATP generation, proton leak, maximal respiration, spare capacity, and / or non-mitochondrial respiration. Estimates of basal respiration, ATP generation, proton leak, maximal respiration, spare capacity, and / or non-mitochondrial respiration.

[0057] Training parameters are determined 430 from these measurements and input parameters. The training parameters include the duration of the hypoxic intervals 100, the duration of the normoxic intervals 200, the number of cycles of the hypoxic intervals, and the minimum oxygen content of the breathing mixture 10 provided during hypoxic training. The hypoxic periods 100 are individually adjusted via setting options for the duration and frequency of the intervals 100, 200, the oxygen depletion of the breathing gases 10, and the blood oxygen saturation 20.

[0058] These training parameters are selected in a way that is individualized for the user so that all adaptive processes in the body are triggered, but no damage occurs due to intentionally induced oxygen deprivation. The training program 1 thus created is then transmitted to a second computer unit having control elements for executing the training program 1. The training program 1 is then executed (460) on a suitable training device.

[0059] For example, if the Stange / Genchi breath-hold test reaches a value of 40 / 45 seconds, then MitoOx > 10 during laboratory testing (MitoOx test, MDA-LDL). 8If the value reaches :1, if MDA-LDL is slightly elevated from normal, if BHI>2.0, if the values ​​of both parameters during dosage determination by Professor Apanasenko are above 15 points, hypoxic training can be performed with training parameters regarding the target value of SpO2 80-82, the duration of the hypoxic phase of at least 5 minutes, with 6 cycles, up to 3 times a week, with 10-14 training units per treatment course.

[0060] For example, if the Stange / Genchi breath-hold test reaches values ​​of 25-40 / 30-45 seconds, laboratory tests (MitoOx test, MDA-LDL) should be performed at a MitoOx 10 8 In the case of a value of 1, a slight increase in MDA-LDL, a BHI of 2.0-1.5, and both parameters during the dosage determination by Professor Apanasenko being 10-15 points, hypoxic training can be performed with training parameters regarding the target SpO2 of 83-84, the duration of the hypoxic phase being at least 4 minutes with 5 cycles, up to 3 times a week, with 15-20 training units per treatment course.

[0061] For example, if the Stange / Genchi breath-hold test reaches values ​​of 10-24 / 15-29 seconds, the laboratory test (MitoOx test, MDA-LDL) should be MitoOx 10 7 ~>10 5 If the value reaches 1, if MDA-LDL is slightly to significantly elevated, if BHI is less than 1.5, and if the values ​​of both parameters at the time of dosage determination by Professor Apanasenko are 4-6 points, hypoxic training can be performed with training parameters regarding the target value of SpO2 85-87, the duration of the hypoxic phase being at least 3 minutes with 4 cycles, and can be performed up to 3 times a week, with 15-20 training units per treatment course.

[0062] In one embodiment, parameters from different tests can be combined together to determine training parameters.

[0063] For example, if during a Stange / Genchi breath-holding test one parameter reaches a value above 40 / 45 seconds and the other parameter reaches a value between 25-40 / 30-45 seconds, one parameter constitutes a training parameter with a target SpO2 of 80-82, and the other parameter constitutes a training parameter with a target SpO2 of 83-85. Although these values ​​do not exceed the tolerance for deviation parameters, to ensure user safety, the training parameter with the smaller target value is used as the basis for hypoxic training, with a hypoxic phase duration of 4-5 minutes, five cycles, and up to three times a week, with 15-20 training units per course of treatment.

[0064] Training program 1 begins with a hypoxic interval 100 and ends after 5 minutes with a blood oxygen saturation 20 of 85%. A blood oxygen saturation 20 below 85% depends on the user's health and fitness status, as well as the results of the initial test.

[0065] The curve of the heart rate 40 opposes the curve of the oxygen concentration in the respiratory gas 10. During hypoxic periods, the heart rate 40 increases, and during normoxic or hyperoxic periods, the heart rate 40 decreases again.

[0066] Each hypoxic interval 100 is followed by a normoxic interval 200 of oxygen-enriched or normally saturated room air 200. The normoxic interval 200 is also five minutes long in this exemplary embodiment. To the body, the normoxic interval 200 is like a rest period. The heart rate 40 drops again and the blood oxygen saturation 20 rises again to 99%.

[0067] 2 shows an exemplary embodiment of an interval-based hypoxic-hyperoxic training program 1. Hypoxic intervals 100 alternate with hyperoxic intervals 300. In this exemplary embodiment, each hypoxic interval 100 has a duration of 5 minutes.

[0068] On the other hand, the figure shows the values ​​of the oxygen concentration in the respiratory gas 10 (ordinate O2), the oxygen saturation in the blood 20 (ordinate SpO2), the heart rate 40 (ordinate HR) and the safety limit 30 (safety cut-off) for the blood oxygen saturation 20 SpO2 over time (abscissa).

[0069] When the hypoxic intervals 100 are alternated with slightly elevated hyperoxic periods 300 (25 to 35 percent oxygen concentration 10 in the respiratory gases), these values ​​normalize more quickly than during the normoxic periods 200 (see FIG. 1). Because the body is able to increase blood oxygen saturation 20 more rapidly during the hyperoxic periods 300, the duration of the hyperoxic periods 300 is shorter than the normoxic periods 100, three minutes in this exemplary embodiment.

[0070] Many users estimate that the relaxation effect of the hyperoxic phase 300 is greater than that of the normoxic phase 100. However, physiologically, the hyperoxic phase 300 causes a different stress stimulus to the body, so the load on the body is the same as that of the hypoxic phase 100. The increased oxygen supply in the respiratory gas 10 further strains and stimulates the body's own antioxidant system. Oxidative stress increases. Therefore, hypoxic-hyperoxic training 1 can be taxing for users with health conditions.

[0071] Scientific research and experience over the past 40 years have shown that short-term dips in blood oxygen saturation 20 and changes between normal and normal levels of oxygen saturation 20 provide the best health benefits. In contrast, longer dips in blood oxygen saturation 20, comparable to extended stays in the mountains or in a hypoxic chamber, result in less training benefits. More frequent changes stimulate additional adaptations in the body. A comparison of various training protocols has recommended 5-7 minutes of hypoxic intervals 100, followed by 4-5 cycles of normoxic intervals 200 or hyperoxic intervals 300.

[0072] 3a and 3b are detailed diagrams of an exemplary embodiment of the hypoxic-normoxic training program 1. FIG. 3b shows an enlarged view of section A of the diagram of FIG. 3a. Meanwhile, the diagrams shown in FIGS. 3a and 3b show the oxygen concentration in the respiratory gases 10 (vertical axis O), the oxygen saturation in the blood 20 (vertical axis SpO), the heart rate 40 (vertical axis HR), and the safety limit 30 (safety cutoff) for the blood oxygen saturation 20 SpO over time (horizontal axis). The safety limit 30 is 80% SpO in this and all subsequent exemplary embodiments.

[0073] According to the invention, the training parameter duration of the hypoxic interval 100 is adapted so that the value of the training parameter minimum oxygen content of the breathable air mixture 10 supplied during the hypoxic training is at least 1% and at most 10% above or below, in particular so that the blood oxygen saturation 20 (Fig. 3a) is always above the safety limit 30 (Fig. 3b).

[0074] The diagram portion of Figure 3b further shows the training parameters determined from the results of the preliminary test or input parameters, the length of the hypoxic interval, and the oxygen content in the respiratory gas. Resting heart rate variability was measured, with an RMSSD of 38 ms, MitoOx of 1.5*10^8, and a BHI of 1.9. Furthermore, the breath-hold test showed a duration of 41 seconds.

[0075] The minimum target blood oxygen saturation SpO2 70, determined solely from heart rate variability measurements, is 82.5%. The range 72 of blood oxygen saturation SpO2 has a minimum value 71 of 83.5% and a maximum value 73 of 88.5%. The maximum hypoxic interval length 80, determined solely from heart rate variability measurements, corresponds to 312 seconds. The range 82 of hypoxic interval length has a maximum length 81 of 308 seconds and a minimum length 83 of 270 seconds. The oxygen content of the respiratory gases 90, determined solely from heart rate variability measurements, is 12.25%. The range 92 of oxygen content of the respiratory gases has a minimum value 91 of 12.4% and a maximum value 93 of 13.5%. The training parameters automatically determined from all measurements are: SpO2=84% for blood oxygen saturation target 74, 300 seconds for hypoxic interval length 84, and 12.5% ​​for oxygen content of the respiratory gases. Training is then performed using these training parameters, all of which are selected to be within a 1% to 25% range above or below the pre-test measurements and / or input parameters, such that all automatically determined training parameters 74, 84, 94 tend toward more relaxed training conditions above or below the training parameters 70, 80, 90 determined from the pre-test measurements and / or input parameters.

[0076] In further embodiments, the automatically determined training parameter is at least 1.5%, at most 8%, at least 2%, or at most 7% above or below the value of the training parameter determined from one of the measurements and / or input parameters. Depending on the user's obtained measurements, further tolerances are possible, for example, at least 3% and at most 7.5%, at least 4% and at most 7%, etc. In this exemplary embodiment, the tolerance is at least 2% and at most 25%.

[0077] In this way, it is possible to automatically create a training program without exposing the user to the risk of insufficient oxygen supply, and to execute the training within a range that guarantees successful training. Without this method, it would be impossible to automatically create a training program without risk for a large number of users.

[0078] The safety limit 30 is determined and set individually for each user. In this exemplary embodiment, a blood oxygen saturation level of 20 minus 2 percent is used for the setting. If the training intensity is set correctly, the blood oxygen saturation level 20 will remain 2-3% above the safety limit 30 during the hypoxic phase 100.

[0079] An exemplary embodiment of a method 400 according to the present invention for automatically performing hypoxic training is shown in Figure 4. In a first method step, a number of measurements of the user are obtained 410 by an initial test and a number of parameters of the user are input 420 into a first computer unit.

[0080] Training parameters are determined 430 from these acquired measurements and input parameters. The training parameters include the duration of the hypoxic intervals 100, the number of cycles of the hypoxic intervals 100, and the minimum oxygen content of the respiratory mixture 10 provided during the hypoxic training. The hypoxic periods 100 are individually adjusted via setting options for duration 100, frequency, amount of oxygen reduction in the respiratory gases 10, and blood oxygen saturation 20.

[0081] The training parameters duration of the hypoxic intervals 100, the number of cycles of the hypoxic intervals 100, and the minimum oxygen content of the breathed mixed air 10 supplied during the hypoxic training are determined in further method steps 440. The user wears a pulse oximeter throughout the interval hypoxic training 1. The pulse oximeter is directly connected to the hypoxic device used to perform the hypoxic training 1. The hypoxic device has a second computer unit with memory or is connected to such a unit. During the testing 440, the training parameters duration of the hypoxic intervals 100, the number of cycles of the hypoxic intervals 100, and the minimum oxygen content of the breathed mixed air 10 supplied during the hypoxic training are compared with real-time measured values ​​for the oxygen concentration of the breathed gas 10, the oxygen saturation in the blood 20, the heart rate 40, and the safety limits 30 of the oxygen saturation in the blood 20.

[0082] If the determined training parameters are within the expected ranges during the initial test and the blood oxygen saturation 20 safety limit 30 is not exceeded, then in the next method step 450 a training plan is created 450 and the training plan is initiated 460 with the determined training parameters. If the determined training parameters are not within the expected ranges during the initial test and / or the blood oxygen saturation 20 safety limit 30 is not reached, then the training parameters are modified 470 so that the measured respiratory gas oxygen concentration 10, blood oxygen saturation 20, and heart rate 40 are again within the expected ranges and again exceed the blood oxygen saturation 20 safety limit 30. A new training plan including the modified training parameters is then created 480 and initiated 490 with the modified training parameters. By checking the training parameters and modifying them in real time as necessary, safe and at the same time effective hypoxic training is achieved. [Explanation of symbols]

[0083] List of reference numbers 1. Training Program / Training Plan 10 Oxygen concentration in respiratory gases 20 Blood oxygen saturation 30 Safe limits of blood oxygen saturation 40 heart rate 50 High oxygen range of blood oxygen saturation 80 Maximum length of hypoxic interval determined from measurements or input parameters 81 Maximum length of hypoxic interval 82 Hypoxic Interval Length Range 83 Minimum length of hypoxic interval 84 Length of hypoxic intervals in automatically determined and executed training programs 90 Oxygen content of respiratory gases determined from measurements or input parameters 91 Lower limit of oxygen content of respiratory gases 92 Oxygen content range of respiratory gases 93 Upper limit of oxygen content of respiratory gases 94 Oxygen content of respiratory gases in automatically determined and executed training programs 100 Hypoxic Intervals 200 Normoxic Intervals 300 Hyperbaric Interval 400 Method for Automated Execution of Hypoxic Training 410 Acquiring Measurements 420 Parameter Input 430 Determining Training Parameters 440 Examination of training parameters 450 Create a training plan 460 Start your training plan 470 Changing Training Parameters 480 Creating a training plan with modified parameters 490 Starting a training plan with modified parameters

Claims

1. A method (400) for the automated execution of hypoxic training, comprising: - a method step of obtaining (410) a first measurement or inputting (420) a first parameter; - a method step of obtaining (410) a second measurement or inputting (420) a second parameter; - determining (430) training parameters from said first acquired measurements and / or said first input parameters and said second acquired measurements and / or said second input parameters; - creating (450) a hypoxic training program (1) and / or performing (460) a hypoxic training with said determined training parameters, The training parameters include one or more parameters from the group consisting of the duration of the hypoxic interval (100), the number of cycles of the hypoxic interval, and the minimum oxygen content (10) of the breathing air mixture provided during the hypoxic training; 1. A method for the automatic performance of hypoxic training, wherein at least one value of one of the two training parameters is at least 1% and at most 25% above or below a value of a training parameter that can be determined solely from the first acquired measurement and / or the first input parameter, or solely from the second acquired measurement and / or the second input parameter.

2. 2. The method (400) for automatic execution of hypoxic training according to claim 1, characterized in that the value of said one training parameter is at least 1.5% and at most 8% above or below the value of said training parameter.

3. 3. The method (400) for automatic execution of hypoxic training according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the value of said one training parameter is at least 2% and at most 7% above or below the value of said training parameter.

4. 10. A method (400) for the automatic execution of hypoxic training according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the value of said one training parameter is determined independently of the result of said measured and / or input parameters.

5. 10. A method (400) for the automatic execution of hypoxic training according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that said at least one training parameter is the duration (100) of said hypoxic intervals and / or the minimum oxygen content (10) of the respiratory mixed air provided during said hypoxic training.

6. 10. A method (400) for the automatic execution of hypoxic training according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hypoxic training program (1) is automatically generated (450, 480).

7. 10. A method (400) for the automatic execution of hypoxic training according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hypoxic training program (1) is executed automatically (460, 490).

8. 10. A method (400) for the automatic execution of hypoxic training according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the measured and / or input parameters comprise the SI value of a heart rate variability measurement, the duration of a breath-holding test, the results of a MinOx test, the results of an MDA-LDL test, a dosage determination according to Professor Apanasenko, and the results of tests on basal respiration, ATP production, proton leak, maximal respiration, spare capacity and / or non-mitochondrial respiration.

9. 10. A method (400) for the automatic execution of hypoxic training according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the created training program (1) is created (450, 480) in a first computer unit.

10. 10. A method (400) for the automatic execution of hypoxic training according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the created training program (1) is transferred from a first computer unit to a second computer unit.

11. 10. A method (400) for the automatic execution of hypoxic training according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that said second computer unit comprises control elements for executing (460, 490) said training program.

12. 10. A method (400) for the automatic execution of hypoxic training according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the training parameters comprise the number of hypoxic cycles, the number of trainings in a treatment course, and / or the recovery time between individual trainings.

13. 10. A method (400) for the automatic execution of hypoxic training according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that said method (400) is carried out in an individualized manner.

14. 10. A method (400) for the automatic execution of hypoxic training according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the training program (1) is stopped as a function of a combination of two values ​​from the acquired measured values ​​and / or input parameters and / or as a function of the value of one of the acquired measured values ​​and / or input parameters.

15. 10. A method (400) for the automatic execution of hypoxic training according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the acquired measurements and / or input parameters leading to the termination of the execution of hypoxic training and / or the creation of the hypoxic training program comprise the SI value of a heart rate variability measurement, the duration of a breath-hold test, the results of a MinOx test, a dosage determination according to Professor Apanasenko, and the results of tests on basal respiration, ATP production, proton leak, maximal respiration, spare capacity and / or non-mitochondrial respiration.

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