Perovskite battery, its manufacturing method and power consumption device

Abstract

The present application provides a perovskite battery, a manufacturing method thereof, and a power consumption device, belonging to the solar cell technical field. The perovskite battery includes a plurality of cell units arranged along a first direction, the cell units including a first electrode layer, a second electrode layer, and a first perovskite layer positioned between the first and second electrode layers, arranged along a second direction, and a connection structure for connecting the first electrode layer of an adjacent first cell unit to the second electrode layer of an adjacent second cell unit among the plurality of cell units, wherein a conductive oxide layer is disposed between the connection structure and the first perovskite layer. The technical solution of the present application is advantageous for improving the performance of perovskite batteries.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present application relates to the field of solar cells, and in particular to perovskite cells and their manufacturing methods and power consuming devices. [Background technology]

[0002] In recent years, as global energy shortages and environmental pollution problems have become increasingly prominent, solar cells have increasingly been emphasized as an ideal renewable energy source. Solar cells, also known as photovoltaic cells, are devices that directly convert light energy into electrical energy through the photoelectric effect or photochemical effect. Perovskite cells are a new type of solar cell that is currently being widely researched, and they have quickly achieved relatively high photoelectric conversion efficiency within a few years of their development and have good application prospects.

[0003] However, the perovskite layer in perovskite batteries is unstable and easily reacts with some metals, which is detrimental to improving the performance of perovskite batteries. Therefore, how to improve the performance of perovskite batteries is a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] The present application has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and its purpose is to provide a perovskite battery, a manufacturing method thereof, and a power consumption device, thereby improving the performance of the perovskite battery. [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] According to a first aspect, the present application provides a perovskite battery, the perovskite battery including: a plurality of battery units arranged along a first direction, the battery units including a first electrode layer, a second electrode layer arranged along a second direction, and a first perovskite layer located between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer; and a connection structure for connecting the first electrode layer of a first battery unit and the second electrode layer of a second battery unit adjacent to each other among the plurality of battery units, wherein a conductive oxide layer is disposed between the connection structure and the first perovskite layer.

[0006] An embodiment of the present application provides a perovskite battery, which includes a plurality of cell units arranged along a first direction and a connection structure. The cell units include a first electrode layer, a second electrode layer arranged along a second direction, and a first perovskite layer located between the first and second electrode layers. Thus, the battery units can output power through the first and second electrode layers and absorb solar light through the first perovskite layer. The connection structure is used to connect the first electrode layer of an adjacent first cell unit and the second electrode layer of an adjacent second cell unit among the plurality of cell units, thereby achieving electrical connection between the adjacent first and second battery units. A conductive oxide layer is disposed between the connection structure and the first perovskite layer. On the one hand, the conductive oxide layer does not react with the connecting structure, and by providing the conductive oxide layer, the first perovskite layer does not come into direct contact with the connecting structure, which can reduce the risk of corrosion of the connecting structure due to reaction between the first perovskite layer and the connecting structure; on the other hand, it can reduce the risk of decomposition of the first perovskite layer at the position corresponding to the connecting structure, which is advantageous to extending the life of the perovskite battery. Therefore, the embodiments of the present application can improve the performance of perovskite batteries.

[0007] In one possible implementation, the conductive oxide layer extends from the first surface of the second electrode layer to the first surface of the first electrode layer, the first surface of the second electrode layer is the surface of the second electrode layer closer to the first electrode layer, and the first surface of the first electrode layer is the surface of the first electrode layer closer to the second electrode layer, which is advantageous in that it is easy to manufacture the conductive oxide layer by local deposition or pasting, and reduces the complexity of the manufacturing process.

[0008] In one possible implementation, the conductive oxide layer is disposed between the connection structure and the first electrode layer, and thus the conductive oxide layer can be manufactured by deposition before manufacturing the connection structure, which is advantageous in reducing the complexity of the manufacturing process.

[0009] In one possible implementation, the connection structure is a conductive wall extending from a first surface of the second electrode layer to the first electrode layer, and the first surface of the second electrode layer is a surface of the second electrode layer closer to the first electrode layer, which is advantageous in facilitating the manufacture of the connection structure and reducing the complexity of the manufacturing process.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the battery unit includes the first electrode layer, the first charge transport layer, the first perovskite layer, the second charge transport layer, and the second electrode layer, which are sequentially arranged on a base, and thus the first charge transport layer and the second charge transport layer can realize carrier transport in the perovskite battery.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the conductive oxide layer is disposed between the second electrode layer and the second charge transport layer, which can block to some extent the corrosion of the second electrode layer caused by halogen ions in the first perovskite layer and at the same time block to some extent the diffusion of halogen ions, thereby favoring the improvement of the efficiency of the perovskite battery.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the battery unit further includes a light absorbing layer located between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer. In this way, in the perovskite battery, in addition to the first perovskite layer, another light absorbing layer is installed, which is advantageous for further improving the efficiency of the perovskite battery.

[0013] In one possible implementation, the light absorbing layer comprises a second perovskite layer, and the battery unit further comprises a third electrode layer, a third charge transport layer, the second perovskite layer, and a fourth charge transport layer located between the second charge transport layer and the second electrode layer and arranged in that order, with the conductive oxide layer being arranged between the connection structure and the second perovskite layer. In this implementation, the perovskite battery has higher efficiency, and at the same time, the provision of the conductive oxide layer can improve the lifespan of the perovskite battery.

[0014] In one possible implementation, the bandgap of the first perovskite layer is larger than the bandgap of the second perovskite layer, which is advantageous for improving the absorption efficiency of solar light and thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0015] In one possible implementation, the light absorbing layer comprises a copper indium gallium selenium layer, and the battery unit further comprises a fifth charge transport layer located between the first electrode layer and the second charge transport layer, the copper indium gallium selenium layer, a sixth charge transport layer, and a fourth electrode layer, which are arranged in that order. Thus, in perovskite batteries that include other types of light absorbing layers, the addition of a conductive oxide layer can improve the lifespan of the perovskite battery.

[0016] In one possible implementation, the second electrode layer and the connecting structure are an integrally formed structure, so that the manufacturing of the second electrode layer and the connecting structure can be completed through sequential process steps, which is advantageous to reducing manufacturing costs.

[0017] In one possible implementation, the resistivity of the conductive oxide layer is 1*10 -2 Ω·cm, and optionally the resistivity of the conductive oxide layer is less than 5*10 -3 This is smaller than Ω·cm. This reduces the increase in internal resistance of the perovskite battery caused by the relatively low conductivity or relatively high resistivity of the conductive oxide, which is advantageous for improving the efficiency of the perovskite battery and reducing the power loss of the perovskite battery.

[0018] In one possible implementation, the thickness of the conductive oxide layer is 5 nm to 100 nm, and optionally 20 nm to 50 nm, thereby achieving both the protective effect of the conductive oxide layer on the first perovskite layer, the second electrode layer, and the connection structure, and the efficiency and manufacturing cost of the perovskite battery.

[0019] In one possible implementation, the material of the conductive oxide layer includes at least one of indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, indium tungsten oxide, gallium zinc oxide, zinc aluminum oxide, indium oxide doped with a lanthanide metal, indium hafnium oxide, indium tantalum oxide, and indium niobium oxide. In this way, the conductive oxide layer has a transparent structure, and the perovskite battery has a semi-transparent structure, which is advantageous for timely detection of structural failures of the perovskite battery. Furthermore, a conductive oxide layer made of the above material is advantageous for reducing the resistance of the perovskite battery and reducing power loss of the perovskite battery.

[0020] In one possible implementation, the material of the first electrode layer is a transparent conductive oxide, which allows sunlight to easily pass through the first electrode layer, and also allows the first electrode layer and the conductive oxide layer to have a relatively small contact resistance between them, which is advantageous for reducing power loss in the perovskite battery.

[0021] In one possible implementation, the material of the first electrode layer includes at least one of indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, indium tungsten oxide, gallium zinc oxide, aluminum zinc oxide, and fluorine-doped tin oxide, which can ensure that the first electrode layer has good optical transparency and electrical conductivity.

[0022] In one possible embodiment, the material of the second electrode layer includes at least one of Au, Ag, Cu, Al, Ni, Cr, Bi, Pt, Mg, Mo, W, and alloys thereof, and a carbon material, and optionally the carbon material includes at least one of carbon black, graphene, and carbon nanotubes, which can ensure that the second electrode layer has good electrical conductivity.

[0023] In one possible embodiment, the thickness of the first electrode layer is 300 nm to 800 nm, the thickness of the second electrode layer is 10 nm to 200 nm, and the thickness of the first perovskite layer is 300 nm to 800 nm, or optionally, the thickness of the first electrode layer is 400 nm to 600 nm, the thickness of the second electrode layer is 80 nm to 120 nm, and the thickness of the first perovskite layer is 400 nm to 600 nm, thereby achieving both high efficiency and high energy density of the perovskite battery.

[0024] In one possible implementation, the first perovskite layer has a structural formula of ABX3, where A has an ionic radius of 0.076 nm to 0.315 nm, B has an ionic radius of 0.06 nm to 0.15 nm, and X has an ionic radius of 0.1 nm to 0.2 nm. Optionally, A includes at least one of an organic amine cation, Cs, K, Rb, or Li; B includes at least one of a lead, tin, zinc, titanium, antimony, bismuth, nickel, iron, cobalt, silver, copper, gallium, germanium, magnesium, calcium, indium, aluminum, manganese, chromium, molybdenum, or europium; and X includes at least one of a fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. Optionally, the organic amine cation includes at least one of a methylamine ion or a formamidine ion. In this way, the efficiency of the perovskite battery can be ensured.

[0025] In one possible implementation, the first charge transport layer is a hole transport layer and the second charge transport layer is an electron transport layer, or the first charge transport layer is an electron transport layer and the second charge transport layer is a hole transport layer, thus facilitating flexible configuration of the first charge transport layer and the second charge transport layer according to actual needs.

[0026] In one possible implementation, the material of the hole transport layer includes a P-type semiconductor, and the material of the electron transport layer includes an N-type semiconductor. Optionally, the material of the hole transport layer includes at least one of thiophene, phthalocyanine, porphyrin, 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyaniline)-9,9'-spirobifluorene, molybdenum oxide, vanadium oxide, tungsten oxide, nickel oxide, copper oxide, tin oxide, molybdenum sulfide, tungsten sulfide, copper sulfide, tin sulfide, cuprous thiocyanate, copper iodide, fluorine-containing phosphonic acid, carbonyl-group-containing phosphonic acid, carbon nanotube, and graphene. Optionally, The materials for the electron transport layer include at least one of [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid isomethyl ester, C60, cyano-containing polyphenylacetylene, boron-containing polymer, bathocuproine, bathophenanthroline, hydroxyquinoline aluminum, oxadiazole compounds, benzimidazole compounds, naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid compounds, perylene derivatives, phosphine oxide compounds, phosphine sulfide compounds, fluoro-containing phthalocyanine, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, indium oxide, tin oxide, gallium oxide, tin sulfide, indium sulfide, lithium fluoride, sodium fluoride, magnesium fluoride, and zinc sulfide, thereby facilitating flexible selection of materials for the first and second charge transport layers according to actual needs.

[0027] In one possible implementation, the thickness of the first charge transport layer is 10 nm to 200 nm, and the thickness of the second charge transport layer is 10 nm to 200 nm, which is advantageous to ensure the efficiency of the perovskite battery.

[0028] In one possible implementation, the base material comprises at least one of glass and transparent flexible polymer, and optionally the transparent flexible polymer comprises at least one of polyethylene terephthalate and polyimide, thus facilitating flexible selection of the base material according to actual needs.

[0029] According to a second aspect, the present application provides a power consuming device, the power consuming device comprising a perovskite cell according to the first aspect and any possible implementation thereof, the perovskite battery being used to power the power consuming device.

[0030] According to a third aspect, the present application provides a method for manufacturing a perovskite battery, the method comprising: providing a plurality of battery units arranged along a first direction, the battery units including a first electrode layer, a second electrode layer arranged along a second direction, and a first perovskite layer positioned between the first and second electrode layers; and providing a connection structure used to connect the first electrode layer of a first battery unit and the second electrode layer of a second battery unit adjacent to each other among the plurality of battery units, wherein a conductive oxide layer is disposed between the connection structure and the first perovskite layer. The perovskite battery manufactured by this method has a relatively long lifespan.

[0031] In one possible implementation, providing the plurality of battery units arranged along the first direction includes providing a base on which the first electrode layer is placed, sequentially depositing a first charge transport layer, a first perovskite layer, and a second charge transport layer on the first electrode layer, and depositing the second electrode layer on the second charge transport layer, and providing the connection structure includes etching the second charge transport layer along the second direction to expose the first electrode layer and form first etching grooves, and depositing the conductive oxide layer on the second charge transport layer and in the first etching grooves. This method can manufacture the conductive oxide layer by a single deposition, which is advantageous in reducing process complexity.

[0032] An embodiment of the present application provides a perovskite battery, comprising a plurality of battery units arranged along a first direction and a connection structure. The battery unit comprises a first electrode layer, a second electrode layer arranged along a second direction, and a first perovskite layer positioned between the first and second electrode layers. Thus, the battery unit can output power through the first and second electrode layers and absorb solar light through the first perovskite layer. The connection structure is used to connect the first electrode layer of an adjacent first battery unit and the second electrode layer of an adjacent second battery unit among the plurality of battery units, thereby achieving electrical connection between the adjacent first and second battery units. A conductive oxide layer is disposed between the connection structure and the first perovskite layer. The conductive oxide layer does not react with the connecting structure, and by providing the conductive oxide layer, the first perovskite layer does not come into direct contact with the connecting structure, which can reduce the risk of corrosion of the connecting structure due to reaction between the first perovskite layer and the connecting structure, and on the other hand, can reduce the risk of decomposition of the first perovskite layer at the position corresponding to the connecting structure, which is advantageous to extending the lifespan of the perovskite battery. Therefore, the embodiments of the present application can improve the performance, such as the lifespan, of the perovskite battery. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0033] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a perovskite battery according to one embodiment of the present application. [Figure 2] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a perovskite battery according to one embodiment of the present application. [Figure 3] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a perovskite battery according to one embodiment of the present application. [Figure 4] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a perovskite battery according to one embodiment of the present application. [Figure 5] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a perovskite battery according to one embodiment of the present application. [Figure 6] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a perovskite battery according to one embodiment of the present application. [Figure 7] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a perovskite battery according to one embodiment of the present application. [Figure 8] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a battery unit of a perovskite battery according to one embodiment of the present application. [Figure 9] 1 is a schematic diagram of a power consuming device according to one embodiment of the present application; [Figure 10] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for fabricating a perovskite battery according to one embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0034] Hereinafter, with appropriate reference to the drawings, embodiments specifically disclosing the perovskite battery, power consumption device, and method for manufacturing the perovskite battery of the present application will be described in detail. However, unnecessary detailed description may be omitted. For example, detailed description of well-known matters or repeated description of structures that are actually the same may be omitted. This is to avoid unnecessary redundancy in the following description and to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art. Note that the drawings and the following description are provided to enable those skilled in the art to fully understand the present application, and are not intended to limit the subject matter described in the claims.

[0035] The "ranges" disclosed in this application are defined in the form of lower and upper limits, and a given range is defined by selecting one lower limit and one upper limit, with the selected lower and upper limits defining the boundaries of the particular range. Such defined ranges may be inclusive or exclusive, and any combination is possible; i.e., any lower limit may be combined with any upper limit to form a single range. For example, if ranges of 60 to 120 and 80 to 110 are listed for a particular parameter, it is understood that ranges of 60 to 110 and 80 to 120 are also possible. Furthermore, if 1 and 2 are listed as minimum range values ​​and 3, 4, and 5 are listed as maximum range values, the ranges 1 to 3, 1 to 4, 1 to 5, 2 to 3, 2 to 4, and 2 to 5 are all possible. In this application, unless otherwise specified, the numerical range "ab" represents a shorthand notation for any combination of real numbers a to b, where a and b are both real numbers. For example, the numerical range "0-5" represents a list of all real numbers between "0-5" already listed in this specification, and "0-5" is merely a shorthand representation of combinations of these numbers. Also, expressing a parameter as an integer ≧2 is equivalent to disclosing that this parameter is, for example, the integers 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, etc.

[0036] Unless otherwise stated, all embodiments and optional embodiments in the present application can be combined with each other to form a new technical solution.

[0037] Unless otherwise stated, all technical features and optional technical features of this application can be combined with each other to form a new technical solution.

[0038] Unless otherwise specified, all steps in this application may be performed in order or randomly, and are preferably performed in order. For example, when the method includes steps (a) and (b), it means that the method may include steps (a) and (b) performed in order, or steps (b) and (a) performed in order. For example, when the method mentioned above may further include step (c), it means that step (c) may be added to the method in any order, and for example, the method may include steps (a), (b), and (c), or may include steps (a), (c), and (b), or may include steps (c), (a), and (b), etc.

[0039] Unless otherwise specified, the terms "comprise" and "comprises" used in this application may be open ended or closed ended. For example, the terms "comprise" and "comprises" may indicate that other components not listed may be further included or included, or that only the listed components may be included or included.

[0040] Unless otherwise stated, in this application, the term "or" is inclusive. For example, the phrase "A or B" means "A, B, or both A and B." More specifically, "A or B" is satisfied when A is true (or exists) and B is false (or does not exist), when A is false (or does not exist) but B is true (or exists), or when both A and B are true (or exist).

[0041] Solar cells, also known as photovoltaic cells, are devices that directly convert light energy into electrical energy through the photoelectric effect or photochemical effect. Perovskite cells are a new type of solar cell that is currently being widely studied. They have rapidly achieved relatively high photoelectric conversion efficiency within a few years of their development and have good application prospects. Perovskite cells include multiple cell units and a connection structure, and the connection structure connects the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer of adjacent cell units to realize electrical connection between the adjacent cell units.

[0042] The applicant has found through research that connecting structures are generally made of metal materials, and that metal connecting structures may come into contact with and react with the perovskite layer in perovskite batteries, resulting in corrosion of the connecting structures and decomposition of the perovskite, all of which are detrimental to improving the performance of perovskite batteries.

[0043] In view of this, the present application provides a perovskite battery, in which a conductive oxide layer is disposed between the perovskite layer and the connecting structure, which is advantageous to reduce the risk of the connecting structure corroding and the perovskite layer decomposing, thereby advantageous to improve the performance of the perovskite battery.

[0044] 1 is a schematic diagram of a perovskite battery according to one embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 1, the perovskite battery 1 includes a plurality of battery units 20 arranged along a first direction and a connection structure 31.

[0045] The first direction is the arrangement direction of the plurality of battery units 20, for example, the x direction in FIG.

[0046] The battery unit 20 includes a first electrode layer 51 and a second electrode layer 52 arranged along a second direction, and a first perovskite layer 53 located between the first electrode layer 51 and the second electrode layer 52. Optionally, the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction, for example, the z direction in FIG.

[0047] The first electrode layer 51 and the second electrode layer 52 are used to output the power of the perovskite battery 1. The materials of the first electrode layer 51 and the second electrode layer 52 may be set according to actual needs as long as they can realize the power output of the perovskite battery 1.

[0048] The first perovskite layer 53 is a light absorbing layer, and when irradiated with sunlight, the first perovskite layer 53 can generate electron-hole pairs.

[0049] The connection structure 31 is used to connect the first electrode layer 51 of a first battery unit 21 and the second electrode layer 52 of a second battery unit 22 that are adjacent to each other among the plurality of battery units 20. That is, the plurality of battery units 20 includes adjacent first battery units 21 and second battery units 22, and the first electrode layer 51 of the first battery unit 21 and the second electrode layer 52 of the second battery unit 22 are connected by the connection structure 31. The connection structure 31 is a conductive structure, and the connection structure 31 realizes the series connection of adjacent battery units 20.

[0050] Optionally, the connecting structure 31 and the second electrode layer 52 are made of the same material, for example, the connecting structure 31 and the second electrode layer 52 are both made of a metal material.

[0051] A conductive oxide layer 54 is provided between the connecting structure 31 and the first perovskite layer 53 .

[0052] The conductive oxide layer 54 is conductive and does not react with the connecting structure 31 and the first perovskite layer 53 .

[0053] The connection structure 31 has two surfaces facing each other along a first direction. For example, a conductive oxide layer 54 is provided on one of the two surfaces in a region facing the first perovskite layer 53. For example, as shown in FIG. 1 , a conductive oxide layer 54 is provided on each of the two surfaces in a region facing the first perovskite layer 53.

[0054] It should be noted that whether the conductive oxide layer 54 is disposed on two surfaces of the connecting structure 31 facing each other along the first direction or on one of the two surfaces may be determined based on the specific structure and actual needs of the perovskite battery 1, for example, based on the specific structure of the connecting structure 31 or the distance between the connecting structure 31 and other structures.

[0055] Optionally, the conductive oxide layer 54 is attached between the first perovskite layer 53 and the connecting structure 31 by adhesive bonding. Optionally, the conductive oxide layer 54 is disposed between the first perovskite layer 53 and the connecting structure 31 by local deposition or other methods.

[0056] The present application provides a perovskite battery (1), which includes a plurality of battery units (20) arranged along a first direction and a connection structure (31). The battery units (20) include a first electrode layer (51), a second electrode layer (52), and a first perovskite layer (53) located between the first electrode layer (51) and the second electrode layer (52). Thus, the battery units (20) can output power through the first electrode layer (51) and the second electrode layer (52), and absorb solar light through the first perovskite layer (53). The connection structure (31) is used to connect the first electrode layer (51) of a first battery unit (21) to the second electrode layer (52) of a second battery unit (22) adjacent to each other among the plurality of battery units (20), thereby achieving electrical connection between the adjacent first battery unit (21) and second battery unit (22). A conductive oxide layer (54) is disposed between the connection structure (31) and the first perovskite layer (53). On the one hand, the conductive oxide layer 54 does not react with the connecting structure 31, and the provision of the conductive oxide layer 54 prevents the first perovskite layer 53 from coming into direct contact with the connecting structure 31, thereby reducing the risk of corrosion of the connecting structure 31 due to reaction between the first perovskite layer 53 and the connecting structure 31; on the other hand, it reduces the risk of decomposition of the first perovskite layer 53 at the position corresponding to the connecting structure 31, which is advantageous to extending the life of the perovskite battery 1. Therefore, the embodiments of the present application can improve the performance of the perovskite battery 1.

[0057] 2 is a schematic diagram of a perovskite battery according to one embodiment of the present application. In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 2, the conductive oxide layer 54 extends from the first surface 521 of the second electrode layer 52 to the first surface 511 of the first electrode layer 51.

[0058] The second electrode layer 52 includes two surfaces that face each other along the second direction, i.e., the thickness direction of the second electrode layer 52. The first surface 521 of the second electrode layer 52 is the surface of the second electrode layer 52 that is closer to the first electrode layer 51.

[0059] The first electrode layer 51 includes two surfaces that face each other along the second direction, i.e., the thickness direction of the first electrode layer 51. The first surface 511 of the first electrode layer 51 is the surface of the first electrode layer 51 that is closer to the second electrode layer 52.

[0060] In this embodiment, the conductive oxide layer 54 can be fabricated by deposition or pasting before fabricating the connecting structure 31, thereby placing the conductive oxide layer 54 between the first perovskite layer 53 and the connecting structure 31, which is advantageous in reducing the complexity of the fabrication process.

[0061] 3 is a schematic diagram of a perovskite battery according to one embodiment of the present application. In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 3, a conductive oxide layer 54 is disposed between the connecting structure 31 and the first electrode layer 51.

[0062] Optionally, in this embodiment, before manufacturing the second electrode layer 52 and the connecting structure 31, the battery unit 20 may be etched along the second direction to form an etching groove, and then a conductive oxide may be deposited on the inner surface of the etching groove to form a conductive oxide layer 54.

[0063] In this embodiment, before fabricating the connecting structure 31, a conductive oxide layer can be fabricated by deposition, which is advantageous in reducing the complexity of the fabrication process.

[0064] 4 is a schematic diagram of a perovskite battery according to one embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 4, the connection structure 31 corresponds to the region of the first perovskite layer 53, and a conductive oxide layer 54 is disposed between the connection structure 31 and the first perovskite layer 53, and the conductive oxide layer 54 is disposed between the connection structure 31 and the first electrode layer 51. Optionally, the conductive oxide layer 54 may be fabricated by adhesion or topical application.

[0065] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 1 to 4, the connection structure 31 is a conductive wall extending from the first surface 521 of the second electrode layer 52 to the first electrode layer 51, and the first surface 521 of the second electrode layer 52 is the surface of the second electrode layer 52 that is closer to the first electrode layer 51.

[0066] The conductive wall is a columnar structure in which the connecting structure 31 can be conductive and has a certain thickness, and optionally is a rectangular parallelepiped columnar structure.

[0067] For example, the connection structure 31 may be a conductive wall formed by filling a groove extending from the first surface 521 of the second electrode layer 52 to the first electrode layer 51. The material of the connection structure 31 is the same as the material of the second electrode layer 52, that is, the connection structure 32 and the second electrode layer 52 are formed in a single deposition step.

[0068] Optionally, the connecting structure 31 extends from the first surface 521 of the second electrode layer 52 to the first surface 511 of the first electrode layer 51 along the second direction.

[0069] Optionally, the connection structure 31 extends along the second direction from the first surface 521 of the second electrode layer 52 to the second surface 512 of the first electrode layer 51, and the second surface 512 of the first electrode layer 51 is the surface of the first electrode layer 51 away from the second electrode layer 52.

[0070] In this embodiment, the connection structure 31 is configured as a conductive wall extending from the first surface 521 of the second electrode layer 52 to the first electrode layer 51 along the second direction, which is advantageous in facilitating the manufacture of the connection structure 31 and reducing the complexity of the manufacturing process.

[0071] 5 is a schematic diagram of a perovskite battery according to one embodiment of the present application. In some embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 5, the battery unit 20 includes a first electrode layer 51, a first charge transport layer 61, a first perovskite layer 53, a second charge transport layer 62, and a second electrode layer 52, which are disposed in that order on a base 50.

[0072] For example, as shown in Fig. 1, the conductive oxide layer 54 is provided only between the first perovskite layer 53 and the connecting structure 31. Alternatively, for example, as shown in Figs. 2, 3 and 5, the conductive oxide layer 54 may be provided between the first charge transport layer 61 and the second charge transport layer 62 and the connecting structure 31. Alternatively, for example, as shown in Fig. 4, the conductive oxide layer 54 may not be provided between the first charge transport layer 61 and the second charge transport layer 62 and the connecting structure 31.

[0073] The first charge transport layer 61 and the second charge transport layer 62 are used to transport carriers, for example, electrons or holes.

[0074] In this embodiment, the transport of carriers in the perovskite battery 1 can be realized by providing the first charge transport layer 61 and the second charge transport layer 62.

[0075] In some embodiments, a conductive oxide layer 54 is disposed between the second electrode layer 52 and the second charge transport layer 62, as shown in FIG.

[0076] In this embodiment, a conductive oxide layer 54 is disposed between the second electrode layer 52 and the second charge transport layer 62, which can block to some extent corrosion of the second electrode layer 52 caused by halogen ions in the first perovskite layer 53, and at the same time, can block to some extent the diffusion of halogen ions. The conductive oxide layer 54 can also reduce leakage current and carrier recombination caused by contact between the first perovskite layer 53 and the second electrode layer 52. Therefore, this embodiment is advantageous for improving the efficiency of the perovskite battery 1.

[0077] Optionally, the perovskite battery 1 further includes a first isolation structure 32 and a second isolation structure 33.

[0078] The first isolation structure 32 is used to isolate the first electrode layer 51 of an adjacent first battery unit 21 from the first electrode layer 51 of an adjacent second battery unit 22. The embodiments of the present application do not specifically limit the size of the first isolation structure 32 along the second direction or the shape of the first isolation structure 32, as long as it can isolate the first electrode layers 51 of adjacent battery units 20.

[0079] For example, the first isolation structure 32 may be an etched groove penetrating the first electrode layer 51, i.e., the first isolation structure 32 extends from a first surface 511 of the first electrode layer 51 to a second surface 512 of the first electrode layer 51 along the second direction. Alternatively, for example, the first isolation structure 32 may penetrate the first electrode layer 51 and the base 50 along the second direction. Alternatively, for example, the first isolation structure 32 may penetrate the first charge transport layer 61 and the first electrode layer 51 along the second direction. Alternatively, for example, the first isolation structure 32 may be an insulating wall extending from the first surface 511 of the first electrode layer 51 to a second surface 512 of the first electrode layer 51 along the second direction, and the insulating wall may be made of an insulating material.

[0080] The second isolation structure 33 is used to isolate the second electrode layer 52 of an adjacent first battery unit 21 from the second electrode layer 51 of an adjacent second battery unit 22. The embodiments of the present application do not specifically limit the size of the second isolation structure 33 along the second direction or the shape of the second isolation structure 33, as long as it can isolate the second electrode layers 52 of adjacent battery units 20.

[0081] For example, the second isolation structure 33 is an etched groove penetrating from the second surface 522 of the second electrode layer 52 to the first surface 511 of the first electrode layer 51 along the second direction, where the second surface 522 of the second electrode layer 52 is the surface of the second electrode layer 52 that is farther away from the first electrode layer 51. Alternatively, for example, the second isolation structure 33 is an insulating wall penetrating from the second surface 522 of the second electrode layer 52 to the first surface 511 of the first electrode layer 51 along the second direction, where the insulating wall is made of an insulating material.

[0082] Optionally, the connecting structure 31 is spaced apart from the first isolating structure 32 along the first direction.

[0083] Optionally, the connecting structure 31 is spaced apart from the second isolating structure 33 along the first direction. For example, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the distance k1 between the connecting structure 31 and the second isolating structure 33 is 5 μm to 25 μm. In this way, on the one hand, it is advantageous to manufacture the second isolating structure 33 and reduce the difficulty of the manufacturing process, and on the other hand, it is advantageous to reduce the waste of material between the connecting structure 31 and the second isolating structure 33.

[0084] The distance k1 between the connecting structure 31 and the second isolating structure 33 is the minimum distance between them and can be measured by an optical microscope.

[0085] Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a perovskite battery according to an embodiment of the present application, and Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a perovskite battery according to an embodiment of the present application. In some embodiments, as shown in Figs. 6 and 7, the battery unit 20 further includes a light absorbing layer 59 located between the first electrode layer 51 and the second electrode layer 52.

[0086] That is, the perovskite battery 1 includes a first perovskite layer 53 and a light absorbing layer 59 other than the first perovskite layer 53. This is advantageous in improving the efficiency of the perovskite battery 1.

[0087] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 6 , the light absorbing layer 59 includes a second perovskite layer 56, and the battery unit 20 further includes a third electrode layer 55, a third charge transport layer 63, a second perovskite layer 56, and a fourth charge transport layer 64 located and arranged in that order between the second charge transport layer 62 and the second electrode layer 52, and a conductive oxide layer 54 is arranged between the connection structure 31 and the second perovskite layer 56.

[0088] The battery unit 20 shown in Fig. 6 can be referred to as a stacked-structure battery unit 20. The battery unit 20 shown in Fig. 6 includes two sub-batteries, one of which includes a structure of electrode layer-charge transport layer-perovskite layer-charge transport layer-electrode layer. Optionally, the battery unit 20 may further include two or more sub-batteries, such as three, four, or more.

[0089] Optionally, as shown in FIG. 6 , the conductive oxide layer 54 extends from the first surface 521 of the second electrode layer 52 to the first surface 511 of the first electrode layer 51, and the conductive oxide layer 54 is disposed between the connecting structure 31 and the first electrode layer 51, and the conductive oxide layer 54 is disposed between the second electrode layer 52 and the fourth charge transport layer 64.

[0090] Optionally, the conductive oxide layer 54 is disposed along the first direction only in the region where the second perovskite layer 56 faces the connecting structure 31 and in the region where the first perovskite layer 53 faces the connecting structure 31.

[0091] Optionally, the conductive oxide layer 54 extends from the first surface 521 of the second electrode layer 52 to the first surface 511 of the first electrode layer 51 along the second direction, the conductive oxide layer 54 is disposed between the connection structure 31 and the first electrode layer 51 along the second direction, and the conductive oxide layer 54 is not disposed between the second electrode layer 52 and the fourth charge transport layer 64 along the second direction.

[0092] Alternatively, the specific structure of the conductive oxide layer 54 not specifically mentioned in the perovskite battery 1 having a stacked structure may refer to the specific structure of the conductive oxide layer 54 of the perovskite battery 1 having a non-stacked structure in Figures 1 to 5, and will not be further described here.

[0093] In this embodiment, the perovskite battery 1 has a layered structure, which can have higher efficiency. In addition, the provision of the conductive oxide layer 54 can improve the lifespan of the perovskite battery 1.

[0094] In some embodiments, the bandgap of the first perovskite layer 53 is larger than the bandgap of the second perovskite layer 56. This is advantageous for improving the absorption efficiency of solar light, and thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0095] Optionally, the bandgap of the first perovskite layer 53 is between 1.7 eV and 1.9 eV, and the bandgap of the second perovskite layer 56 is between 0.8 eV and 1.2 eV.

[0096] The band gap can be obtained by measurement using an ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrometer.

[0097] Optionally, the material of the first perovskite layer 53 is Cs 0.35 FA 0.65 PbI 1.8 Br 1.2 and the material of the second perovskite layer 56 is FA 0.7 MA 0.3 Pb 0.5 Sn 0.5 It is I3.

[0098] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 7 , the light absorbing layer 59 includes a copper indium gallium selenium layer 58, and the battery unit 20 further includes a fifth charge transport layer 65, a copper indium gallium selenium layer 58, a sixth charge transport layer 66, and a fourth electrode layer 57, which are located between the first electrode layer 51 and the second charge transport layer 62 and arranged in that order.

[0099] The perovskite cell 1 shown in Figure 7 includes two light absorbing layers, a copper indium gallium selenium layer 58 and a first perovskite layer 53, and this perovskite cell 1 has a stacked structure and has relatively high efficiency.

[0100] This example provides a perovskite cell 1 including another type of light absorbing layer, which has a stacked structure with higher efficiency. In addition, the provision of the conductive oxide layer 54 can improve the lifespan of the perovskite cell 1.

[0101] In some embodiments, the second electrode layer 52 and the connecting structure 31 are an integrally formed structure. In other words, the second electrode layer 52 and the connecting structure 31 are formed in a single process step. In this way, the manufacturing of the second electrode layer 52 and the connecting structure 31 can be completed in a single process step, which is advantageous for reducing manufacturing costs.

[0102] Optionally, the connecting structure 31 and the second electrode layer 52 are formed in a single deposition step.

[0103] In some embodiments, the resistivity of the conductive oxide layer 54 is 1*10 -2 The resistivity of the conductive oxide layer is less than 10 Ω cm. -3 Ω·cm, 10 -4 Ω·cm.

[0104] The resistivity of the conductive oxide layer 54 is the same as or close to the resistivity of the material of the conductive oxide layer 54 and can be tested by a resistivity tester.

[0105] In this embodiment, the resistivity of the conductive oxide layer 54 is 1*10 -2 is smaller than Ω·cm. In this way, on the one hand, it is advantageous to reduce the risk of an increase in the internal resistance of the perovskite battery 1 due to corrosion of the second electrode layer 52, and on the other hand, it is possible to reduce an increase in the internal resistance of the perovskite battery 1 due to the relatively low conductivity or relatively high resistivity of the conductive oxide 54, thereby advantageously reducing power loss in the perovskite battery 1. Therefore, this embodiment is advantageous to increasing the efficiency of the perovskite battery 1.

[0106] Optionally, the resistivity of the conductive oxide layer 54 is 5*10 -3 This is advantageous for further improving the efficiency of the perovskite battery 1.

[0107] 8 is a schematic diagram of a battery unit of a perovskite battery according to one embodiment of the present application. In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 8, the thickness d1 of the conductive oxide layer 54 is 5 nm to 100 nm, and optionally 20 nm to 50 nm. For example, the thickness d1 of the conductive oxide layer 54 may be 5 nm, 10 nm, 15 nm, 20 nm, 25 nm, 35 nm, 45 nm, or 50 nm.

[0108] Alternatively, the conductive oxide layer 54 may be a uniform thin layer having approximately the same thickness at different positions. For ease of identification, this example shows only the thickness of the conductive oxide layer 54 between the second charge transport layer 62 and the second electrode layer 52, and this range also applies to the thickness of the conductive oxide layer 54 at other positions.

[0109] Optionally, the conductive oxide layer 54 has different thicknesses at different locations. For example, the thickness of the conductive oxide layer 54 between the connecting structure 31 and the first perovskite layer 53 is different from the thickness of the conductive oxide layer 54 between the second electrode layer 52 and the second charge transport layer 62. For example, the latter thickness is smaller than the former thickness.

[0110] The thickness d1 of the conductive oxide layer 54 may be the maximum thickness of the conductive oxide layer 54.

[0111] The thickness d1 of the conductive oxide layer 54 can be obtained by measuring with a step gauge.

[0112] If the thickness d1 of the conductive oxide layer 54 is less than 5 nm, the protective effect on the first perovskite layer 53, the connecting structure 31, and the second electrode layer 52 is relatively weak, and the improvement in the stability and lifespan of the perovskite battery 1 is relatively small. At the same time, if the thickness d1 of the conductive oxide layer 54 is too small, it is disadvantageous for reducing the complexity of the manufacturing process.

[0113] If the thickness d1 of the conductive oxide layer 54 is greater than 100 nm, the thickness is too large, which increases the resistance of the perovskite battery 1, which is detrimental to reducing the power loss of the perovskite battery 1 and improving the efficiency of the perovskite battery 1. At the same time, if the thickness is too large, it also leads to an increase in manufacturing costs.

[0114] In this example, the thickness d1 of the conductive oxide layer 54 is 5 nm to 100 nm. In this way, it is possible to achieve a balance between the protective effect of the conductive oxide layer 54 on the first perovskite layer 53, the connection structure 31, and the second electrode layer 52, and the efficiency and manufacturing costs of the perovskite battery 1.

[0115] When the thickness d1 of the conductive oxide layer 54 is 20 nm to 50 nm, the efficiency and lifespan of the perovskite battery 1 can be better balanced, for example, the efficiency of the perovskite battery 1 is higher or the lifespan is longer.

[0116] Optionally, the material of the conductive oxide layer 54 is a transparent conductive oxide, so that the conductive oxide layer 54 has a transparent structure and the perovskite cell 1 has a semi-transparent structure, which is advantageous for detecting structural failures of the perovskite cell 1 in a timely manner.

[0117] In some embodiments, the material of conductive oxide layer 54 includes at least one of indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), tungsten-doped indium oxide (IWO), gallium-doped zinc oxide (GZO), zinc aluminum oxide (AZO), lanthanide metal-doped indium oxide, indium hafnium oxide, indium tantalum oxide, and indium niobium oxide.

[0118] The lanthanide metal doped indium oxide may include cerium doped indium oxide, or ICO.

[0119] In this embodiment, the conductive oxide layer 54 made of the above material has a transparent structure, and the perovskite battery 1 has a semi-transparent structure, which is advantageous for timely detection of structural failures in the perovskite battery 1. In addition, the conductive oxide layer 54 made of the above material is advantageous for reducing the resistance of the perovskite battery 1, which is advantageous for reducing power loss in the perovskite battery 1.

[0120] In some embodiments, the material of the first electrode layer 51 is a transparent conductive oxide. In this way, on the one hand, sunlight can easily pass through the first electrode layer 51, and on the other hand, since both the first electrode layer 51 and the conductive oxide layer 54 are conductive oxides, the contact resistance between the first electrode layer 51 and the conductive oxide layer 54 is relatively small, which is advantageous for reducing power loss of the perovskite battery 1.

[0121] In some embodiments, the material of the first electrode layer 51 includes at least one of indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, indium tungsten oxide, gallium zinc oxide, aluminum zinc oxide, and fluorine-doped tin oxide, which can ensure that the first electrode layer 51 has good optical transparency and electrical conductivity.

[0122] In some embodiments, the material of the second electrode layer 52 includes Au, Ag, Cu, Al, Ni, Cr, Bi, Pt, Mg, Mo, W, and alloys thereof, and a carbon material, optionally including at least one of carbon black, graphene, and carbon nanotubes, which can ensure that the second electrode layer has good electrical conductivity.

[0123] Optionally, the material of the second electrode layer 52 may further include indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, indium tungsten oxide, gallium zinc oxide, zinc aluminum oxide, indium oxide doped with a lanthanide metal.

[0124] In some embodiments, the thickness d2 of the first electrode layer 51 is 300 nm to 800 nm, the thickness d3 of the second electrode layer 52 is 10 nm to 200 nm, and the thickness d4 of the first perovskite layer 53 is 300 nm to 800 nm.

[0125] The thickness d2 of the first electrode layer 51, the thickness d3 of the second electrode layer 52, and the thickness d4 of the first perovskite layer 53 may be the maximum thickness of the first electrode layer 51, the second electrode layer 52, and the first perovskite layer 53, respectively, and these thicknesses can be obtained by measuring with a step gauge.

[0126] If the thickness d2 of the first electrode layer 51 is greater than 800 nm, the transmittance of the first electrode layer will decrease, which will be detrimental to improving the efficiency of the perovskite battery 1. If the thickness d2 of the first electrode layer 51 is less than 300 nm, the conductivity of the first electrode layer will be relatively low, making it difficult to ensure the lifespan and efficiency of the perovskite battery 1.

[0127] If the thickness d3 of the second electrode layer 52 is greater than 200 nm, the perovskite battery 1 will occupy a relatively large space, which is disadvantageous for improving the energy density of the perovskite battery 1. If the thickness d3 of the second electrode layer 52 is less than 10 nm, it will be difficult to ensure the lifespan and efficiency of the perovskite battery 1.

[0128] If the thickness d4 of the first perovskite layer 53 is greater than 800 nm, the perovskite cell 1 will occupy a relatively large space, which is disadvantageous for improving the energy density of the perovskite cell 1. If the thickness d4 of the first perovskite layer 53 is less than 300 nm, the first perovskite layer 53 will be relatively thin and will not be able to completely absorb incident light, which is disadvantageous for improving cell efficiency.

[0129] In this example, by rationally setting the thickness d2 of the first electrode layer 51, the thickness d3 of the second electrode layer 52, and the thickness d4 of the first perovskite layer 53, it is possible to achieve both high efficiency and high energy density for the perovskite battery 1.

[0130] Optionally, the thickness d2 of the first electrode layer 51 is 400 nm to 600 nm, the thickness d3 of the second electrode layer 52 is 80 nm to 120 nm, and the thickness d4 of the first perovskite layer 53 is 400 nm to 600 nm, which is advantageous for further achieving both high efficiency and high energy density of the perovskite battery 1.

[0131] In some embodiments, the structural formula of the first perovskite layer 53 is ABX3, where the ionic radius of A is between 0.076 nm and 0.315 nm, the ionic radius of B is between 0.06 nm and 0.15 nm, and the ionic radius of X is between 0.1 nm and 0.2 nm; optionally, A comprises at least one of an organic amine cation, Cs, K, Rb, or Li; B comprises at least one of lead, tin, zinc, titanium, antimony, bismuth, nickel, iron, cobalt, silver, copper, gallium, germanium, magnesium, calcium, indium, aluminum, manganese, chromium, molybdenum, and europium; and X comprises at least one of fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine; and optionally, the organic amine cation comprises at least one of a methylamine ion and a formamidine ion.

[0132] The first perovskite layer 53 is made of a perovskite, that is, the structural formula of the first perovskite layer 53 is the structural formula of the perovskite from which the first perovskite layer 53 is made.

[0133] Optionally, the material of the first perovskite layer 53 is a three-dimensional perovskite. For example, when A is an organic amine cation, the organic amine cation is at least one selected from a methylamine ion and a formamidine ion.

[0134] In this embodiment, by selecting the perovskite of the above structural formula as the material for the first perovskite layer 53, the efficiency of the perovskite battery 1 can be guaranteed.

[0135] In some embodiments, the first charge transport layer 61 is a hole transport layer and the second charge transport layer 62 is an electron transport layer, or the first charge transport layer 61 is an electron transport layer and the second charge transport layer 62 is a hole transport layer, thus facilitating flexible configuration of the first charge transport layer and the second charge transport layer according to actual needs.

[0136] The battery unit 20 may be a normal structural system or an inverted structural system.

[0137] 6 and 7, when the battery unit 20 is a positive structure system, the first charge transport layer 61 is a hole transport layer, the second charge transport layer 62 is an electron transport layer, the third charge transport layer 63 is a hole transport layer, and the fourth charge transport layer 64 is an electron transport layer. When the battery unit 20 is an inverted structure system, the first charge transport layer 61 is an electron transport layer, the second charge transport layer 62 is a hole transport layer, the third charge transport layer 63 is an electron transport layer, and the fourth charge transport layer 64 is a hole transport layer.

[0138] In some embodiments, the material of the hole transport layer comprises a P-type semiconductor and the material of the electron transport layer comprises an N-type semiconductor, and optionally the material of the hole transport layer comprises at least one of thiophene, phthalocyanine, porphyrin, 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyaniline)-9,9′-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD), molybdenum oxide, vanadium oxide, tungsten oxide, nickel oxide, copper oxide, tin oxide, molybdenum sulfide, tungsten sulfide, copper sulfide, tin sulfide, cuprous thiocyanate, copper iodide, fluorine-containing phosphonic acid, carbonyl-group-containing phosphonic acid, carbon nanotube, and graphene, and optionally In general, the materials for the electron transport layer include at least one of [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid isomethyl ester, C60, cyano-containing polyphenylacetylene, boron-containing polymer, bathocuproine, bathophenanthroline, hydroxyquinoline aluminum, oxadiazole compounds, benzimidazole compounds, naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid compounds, perylene derivatives, phosphine oxide compounds, phosphine sulfide compounds, fluoro-containing phthalocyanine, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, indium oxide, tin oxide, gallium oxide, tin sulfide, indium sulfide, lithium fluoride, sodium fluoride, magnesium fluoride, and zinc sulfide, thereby facilitating flexible selection of materials for the first charge transport layer 61 and the second charge transport layer 62 according to actual needs.

[0139] In some embodiments, the thickness d5 of the first charge transport layer 61 is 10 nm to 200 nm, and the thickness d6 of the second charge transport layer 62 is 10 nm to 200 nm. In this way, the efficiency of the perovskite cell can be guaranteed.

[0140] The thickness d5 of the first charge transport layer 61 or the thickness d6 of the second charge transport layer 62 may be, for example, 10 nm, 15 nm, 20 nm, 25 nm, 30 nm, 50 nm, 60 nm, 80 nm, 100 nm, 120 nm, 150 nm, 180 nm, or 200 nm.

[0141] If the thickness d5 of the first charge transport layer 61 or the thickness d6 of the second charge transport layer 62 is greater than 200 nm, the perovskite battery 1 will occupy a relatively large space, which is disadvantageous for improving the energy density.

[0142] If the thickness d5 of the first charge transport layer 61 or the thickness d6 of the second charge transport layer 62 is less than 10 nm, it is disadvantageous to ensuring the performance of the first charge transport layer 61 or the second charge transport layer 62.

[0143] Alternatively, if the material of the first charge transport layer 61 is nickel oxide, the thickness of the first charge transport layer 61 does not exceed 50 nm, for example, 10 nm to 50 nm. If the first charge transport layer 61 is made of other materials, its thickness can reach 200 nm, for example, the material of the first charge transport layer 61 is Spiro-OMeTAD.

[0144] In some embodiments, the material of the base 50 includes at least one of glass and a transparent flexible polymer, and optionally the transparent flexible polymer includes at least one of polyethylene terephthalate and polyimide, thus facilitating flexible selection of the substrate material according to actual needs, for example, whether to fabricate a rollable perovskite battery.

[0145] The present application provides a power consuming device including the perovskite battery 1 of any of the above embodiments, wherein the perovskite battery 1 is used to power the power consuming device.

[0146] 9 is a schematic diagram of a power consumption device according to one embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 9, the power consumption device is a vehicle 100, and a perovskite battery 1 is installed in the vehicle 100 and used to power the vehicle 100 or a storage battery in the vehicle 100.

[0147] Alternatively, the power consuming device may also be other devices such as street lights, power storage stations, etc.

[0148] 1 to 9, a product embodiment of the perovskite battery 1 of the present application has been described in detail, and a method for manufacturing a perovskite battery of the present application will now be described in detail. It should be understood that for corresponding parts between the method embodiment and the product embodiment, similar descriptions can be found in the product embodiment.

[0149] 10 is a schematic diagram of a method for manufacturing a perovskite battery according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 10, the present application provides a method 300 for manufacturing a perovskite battery, which includes steps 310 and 320.

[0150] Step 310: Providing a plurality of battery units 20 arranged along a first direction.

[0151] The battery unit 20 includes a first electrode layer 51, a second electrode layer 52 arranged along a second direction, and a first perovskite layer 53 located between the first electrode layer 51 and the second electrode layer 52.

[0152] Step 320: Providing a connection structure 31.

[0153] The connection structure 31 is used to connect the first electrode layer 51 of the first battery unit 21 and the second electrode layer 52 of the second battery unit 22 adjacent to each other among the plurality of battery units 20, and a conductive oxide layer 54 is disposed between the connection structure 31 and the first perovskite layer 51.

[0154] In the examples of the present application, the perovskite cell 1 fabricated by the method 300 has relatively high efficiency and life span.

[0155] In some embodiments, step 310 includes providing a base 50 on which a first electrode layer 51 is disposed, depositing, in order, a first charge transport layer 61, a first perovskite layer 53, and a second charge transport layer 62 on the first electrode layer 51, and depositing a second electrode layer 52 on the second charge transport layer 62.

[0156] Step 320 includes etching the second charge transport layer 62 along a second direction to expose the first electrode layer 51 and form first etched grooves, and depositing a conductive oxide layer 54 on the second charge transport layer 62 and in the first etched grooves.

[0157] This method is advantageous in that the conductive oxide layer 54 can be manufactured by a single deposition, reducing the complexity of the process.

[0158] Optionally, in some embodiments, the second charge transport layer 62 is etched along the second direction to expose the first electrode layer 51, and after forming the first etched grooves, a conductive oxide layer 54 is deposited in the first etched grooves, and after depositing the conductive oxide layer 54, a corresponding material is deposited on the first etched grooves and the second charge transport layer 62 to form the connecting structure 31 and the second electrode layer 52.

[0159] Optionally, after step 320, the method 300 further includes providing a second isolation structure 33. Specifically, after fabricating the second electrode layer 52, the second electrode layer 52 is etched along a second direction to expose the first electrode layer 51 and form a second etched groove. The second etched groove may be the second isolation structure 33.

[0160] Optionally, before fabricating the first charge transport layer 61, the method 300 further includes etching the first electrode layer 51 along the second direction to expose the base 50 and form a third etched groove, which may be the first isolation structure 32.

[0161] Example The following examples of the present application are described. The examples described below are illustrative and are used only to interpret the present application and should not be understood as limitations on the present application. Unless specific techniques or conditions are specified in the examples, they are carried out according to the techniques or conditions described in literature in the field or according to the product instructions. Unless the manufacturer is specified, the reagents or equipment used are all commercially available products.

[0162] Example 1 The structure of Example 1 can be seen from FIG. 1, and the manufacturing method of the perovskite battery 1 shown in Example 1 is as follows.

[0163] (1) Take a piece of 100mm*100mm Fluorine-doped Tin Oxide (FTO) conductive glass, which is the base 50 on which the first electrode layer 51 is placed.

[0164] (2) After thorough cleaning, the FTO conductive glass was scribed using nanosecond red light to form P1 etch grooves through the first conductive layer 51 to fabricate the first isolation structures 32.

[0165] (3) A nickel oxide layer having a thickness of 20 nm was formed on the FTO conductive glass by magnetron sputtering to form the first charge transport layer 61.

[0166] (4) A 1 mol / L MAPbI3 precursor solution was applied to the first charge transport layer 61, and then the substrate was transferred to a vacuum device and evacuated for 60 seconds to a vacuum of 15 Pa. After the vacuum was completed, the conductive glass on which the first charge transport layer 61 was fabricated was placed on a hot stage at 100°C and annealed for 15 minutes to obtain a MAPbI3 perovskite layer with a thickness of approximately 500 nm, thereby forming the first perovskite layer 53.

[0167] (5) 25 nm of C60, 6 nm of BCP, and 20 nm of Cu are deposited on the first perovskite layer 53 by evaporation to form a second charge transport layer 62, where the C60 and BCP form the second charge transport layer 62 and the Cu serves to protect the second charge transport layer 62 during the process of fabricating the second electrode layer 52.

[0168] (6) A conductive glass having a second charge transport layer 62 was scribed using picosecond green light to form a P2 etching groove extending along the second direction from the surface of the second charge transport layer 62 away from the first electrode layer 51 to the surface of the first electrode layer 51 close to the second electrode layer 52.

[0169] (7) A grooved mask plate was used to cover the device, exposing the area corresponding to the first perovskite layer 53 in the P2 etching groove, and a 5 nm ITO layer was fabricated by PVD to fabricate the conductive oxide layer 54.

[0170] (8) Cu was deposited to a thickness of 100 nm on the P2 line groove and the surface of the second charge transport layer 62 using a vapor deposition method to produce the connection structure 31 and the second electrode layer 52.

[0171] (9) The second electrode layer 52 was scribed using picosecond green light to expose the surface of the first electrode layer 51 close to the second electrode layer 52, thereby forming a P3 line groove. This P3 line groove will become the second isolation structure 33.

[0172] Example 2 The structure of Example 2 can be seen in FIG. 2, and the difference from Example 1 is that the conductive oxide layer 54 extends from the first surface 521 of the second electrode layer 52 to the first surface 511 of the first electrode layer 51 along the second direction.

[0173] Example 3 The structure of Example 3 can be seen in FIG. 3, and the difference from Example 2 is that a conductive oxide layer 54 is installed between the connection structure 31 and the first electrode layer 51 along the second direction.

[0174] Example 4 The structure of Example 4 can be seen in FIG. 5, and the difference from Example 3 is that a conductive oxide layer is disposed between the second electrode layer 52 and the second charge transport layer 62 along the second direction.

[0175] Example 5 The structure of Example 5 can be seen in Figure 6. The difference from Example 4 is that the perovskite battery 1 has a stacked battery structure. In Example 5, the base 50 is a glass base, the first electrode layer 51 is ITO, the first charge transport layer 61 is NiO, and the first perovskite layer 53 is Cs 0.35 FA 0.65 PbI 1.8 Br 1.2 the second charge transport layer 62 is C60 and SnO2, the third electrode layer 55 is Au, the third charge transport layer 63 is PEDOT:PSS, and the second perovskite layer 56 is FA 0.7 MA 0.3 Pb 0.5 Sn 0.5 The material of the fourth charge transport layer 64 is C60 and SnO2, and the material of the second electrode layer 52 is Ag.

[0176] Example 6 The structure of Example 6 can be seen in Figure 7, where the perovskite battery 1 has a stacked battery structure. In Example 6, the base 50 is a glass base, the first conductive layer 51 is Mo, the fifth charge transport layer 65 is PTAA, the light absorbing layer 58 is CIGS, the sixth charge transport layer 66 is ZnO, the fourth electrode layer 57 is indium tin oxide, the first charge transport layer 61 is PTAA, and the first perovskite layer 53 is Cs 0.09 FA 0.77 MA 0.14 Pb(I 0.86 Br 0.14 ) 3, second charge transport layer 62 is PCBM, and second electrode layer 52 is indium tin oxide.

[0177] Examples 7-18 The difference between Examples 7-18 and Example 4 is that the thickness of the ITO layer, i.e., the conductive oxide layer 54, is 10 nm, 20 nm, 30 nm, 40 nm, 50 nm, 60 nm, 70 nm, 80 nm, 90 nm, 100 nm, 2 nm, and 150 nm.

[0178] Examples 19-23 The difference between Examples 19-23 and Example 8 is that the conductive oxide layer 54 is an IZO layer, a GZO layer, an IWO layer, an ITO layer, an AZO layer, or an ICO layer, respectively.

[0179] Example 24 The difference between Comparative Example 24 and Example 4 is that the conductive oxide layer 54 is made of zinc oxide, and the resistivity of zinc oxide is 10 -2 It is greater than Ω·cm.

[0180] In Example 1-24, the first electrode layer 51 has a thickness of 500 nm, the second electrode layer 52 has a thickness of 100 nm, the first perovskite layer 53 has a thickness of 500 nm, the first charge transport layer 61 has a thickness of 20 nm, and the second charge transport layer 62 has a thickness of 51 nm.

[0181] Examples 25-30 The differences between Examples 25-30 and Example 8 are the thickness of the first electrode layer 51 , the thickness of the second electrode layer 52 , the thickness of the first charge transport layer 61 , and the thickness of the second charge transport layer 62 .

[0182] Comparative Example 1 The difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 is that in the perovskite battery 1, the conductive oxide layer 54 is not provided between the first perovskite layer 53 and the connection structure 31.

[0183] The resistivity of the conductive oxide layer 54 can be measured by a resistivity tester.

[0184] The perovskite batteries produced in the above examples and comparative examples were tested to determine the efficiency and lifespan of the batteries.

[0185] Battery efficiency test method: Under room temperature and less than 2% RH, standard simulated sunlight (AM1.5G, 100 mW / cm 2 The efficiency of the cell is tested under illumination of sunlight, and this efficiency value can be obtained by direct measurement using a solar simulator.

[0186] Battery life test method: After storing in the dark for 1000 hours at 25°C and 50-60% RH, the samples were exposed to standard simulated sunlight (AM1.5G, 100mW / cm 2 The efficiency of the battery was tested under irradiation of 1000 h, and the efficiency retention rate = efficiency after 1000 h storage / initial efficiency * 100%.

[0187] Experimental results The experimental results of different embodiments can be seen in Tables 1-2. As shown in Tables 1 and 2, d1 is the thickness of the conductive oxide layer 54, d2 is the thickness of the first electrode layer 51, d3 is the thickness of the second electrode layer 52, d4 is the thickness of the first perovskite layer 53, d5 is the thickness of the first charge transport layer 61, and d6 is the thickness of the second charge transport layer 62.

[0188] [Table 1-1]

[0189] [Table 1-2]

[0190] [Table 2]

[0191] As shown in Table 1, when the thickness of the conductive oxide layer is 5 nm to 100 nm, the perovskite battery has relatively high efficiency and lifespan. As shown in Comparative Example 1, when a conductive oxide layer is not provided between the first perovskite layer and the connection structure, the perovskite battery has relatively low efficiency and lifespan. As shown in Example 17 and Comparative Example 1, when the thickness of the conductive oxide layer is less than 5 nm, the lifespan of the perovskite battery is improved, but the improvement effect is relatively low. As shown in Example 18 and Comparative Example 1, when the thickness of the conductive oxide layer is greater than 150 nm, the perovskite battery has a relatively high lifespan, but the improvement effect of the battery efficiency is relatively low. As shown in Example 24, when the resistivity of the conductive oxide layer is 10 -2 When the resistivity of the conductive oxide layer is larger than 10 Ω·cm, the efficiency of the battery is relatively low. -2 Ω cm or less and 5*10 -3 When the resistivity is less than Ω·cm, the efficiency of perovskite cells is significantly improved.

[0192] As shown in Table 1, the conductive oxide layer may be made of multiple materials, such as ITO, IZO, etc.

[0193] As shown in Tables 1 and 2, by rationally setting the thicknesses of the first electrode layer, second electrode layer, first perovskite layer, first charge transport layer, and second charge transport layer, better battery efficiency and lifespan can be achieved.

[0194] It should be noted that the present application is not limited to the above-described embodiments. The above-described embodiments are merely examples, and any embodiment that has substantially the same configuration as the technical idea and achieves the same effects within the scope of the technical solution of the present application is included within the technical scope of the present application. In addition, various modifications that a person skilled in the art can make to the embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present application, and other methods constructed by combining some of the components of the embodiments, are also included within the scope of the present application. [Explanation of symbols]

[0195] 20 Battery unit 21 First battery unit 22 Second Battery Unit 31 Connection structure 50 basis 51 First electrode layer 52 Second electrode layer 53 First perovskite layer 54 Conductive oxide layer 55 Third electrode layer 56 Second Perovskite Layer 58 Copper Indium Gallium Selenide Layer 57 Fourth electrode layer 59 Light absorbing layer 61 First charge transport layer 62 Second Charge Transport Layer 63 Third Charge Transport Layer 64 Fourth Charge Transport Layer 65 Fifth Charge Transport Layer 66 Sixth Charge Transport Layer

Claims

1. A perovskite battery, a plurality of battery units (20) arranged along a first direction, the battery units (20) including a first electrode layer (51), a second electrode layer (52) arranged along a second direction, and a first perovskite layer (53) located between the first electrode layer (51) and the second electrode layer (52); a connection structure (31) for connecting a first electrode layer (51) of a first battery unit (21) and a second electrode layer (52) of a second battery unit (22) adjacent to each other among the plurality of battery units (20), The perovskite battery is characterized in that a conductive oxide layer (54) is provided between the connection structure (31) and the first perovskite layer (53).

2. 2. The perovskite battery according to claim 1, wherein the conductive oxide layer (54) extends from the first surface (521) of the second electrode layer (52) to the first surface (511) of the first electrode layer (51), the first surface (521) of the second electrode layer (52) being a surface of the second electrode layer (52) closer to the first electrode layer (51), and the first surface (511) of the first electrode layer (51) being a surface of the first electrode layer (51) closer to the second electrode layer (52).

3. 3. The perovskite battery according to claim 1, wherein the conductive oxide layer (54) is disposed between the connecting structure (31) and the first electrode layer (51).

4. 4. The perovskite battery according to claim 1, wherein the connecting structure (31) is a conductive wall extending from a first surface (521) of the second electrode layer (52) to the first electrode layer (51), and the first surface (521) of the second electrode layer (52) is a surface of the second electrode layer (52) that is closer to the first electrode layer (51).

5. 5. The perovskite battery according to claim 1, wherein the battery unit (20) comprises the first electrode layer (51), a first charge transport layer (61), the first perovskite layer (53), a second charge transport layer (62), and the second electrode layer (52), which are arranged in this order on a base (50).

6. 6. The perovskite battery of claim 5, wherein the conductive oxide layer (54) is disposed between the second electrode layer (52) and the second charge transport layer (62).

7. 7. The perovskite battery according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the battery unit (20) further comprises a light absorbing layer (59) located between the first electrode layer (51) and the second electrode layer (52).

8. 8. The perovskite battery according to claim 7, wherein the light absorbing layer (59) comprises a second perovskite layer (56), and the battery unit (20) further comprises a third electrode layer (55), a third charge transport layer (63), the second perovskite layer (56), and a fourth charge transport layer (64) located in that order between the second charge transport layer (62) and the second electrode layer (52), and the conductive oxide layer (54) is located between the connection structure (31) and the second perovskite layer (56).

9. 9. The perovskite cell of claim 8, wherein the bandgap of the first perovskite layer (53) is greater than the bandgap of the second perovskite layer (56).

10. 8. The perovskite battery of claim 7, wherein the light absorbing layer (59) comprises a copper indium gallium selenium layer (58), and the battery unit (20) further comprises a fifth charge transport layer (65), the indium gallium selenium layer (58), a sixth charge transport layer (66), and a fourth electrode layer (57) located between the first electrode layer (51) and the second charge transport layer (62) and arranged in that order.

11. 11. The perovskite battery according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the second electrode layer (52) and the connecting structure (31) are a monolithic structure.

12. The resistivity of the conductive oxide layer (54) is 1*10 －２ Ω cm, and optionally the resistivity of the conductive oxide layer (54) is less than 5*10 －３ 12. The perovskite battery according to claim 1, wherein the electrical conductivity is less than Ω cm.

13. The perovskite battery according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the thickness (d1) of the conductive oxide layer (54) is between 5 nm and 100 nm, and optionally between 20 nm and 50 nm.

14. 14. The perovskite cell of any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the material of the conductive oxide layer (54) comprises at least one of indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, indium tungsten oxide, gallium zinc oxide, zinc aluminum oxide, indium oxide doped with a lanthanide metal, indium hafnium oxide, indium tantalum oxide, and indium niobium oxide.

15. 15. The perovskite battery according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the material of the first electrode layer (51) is a transparent conductive oxide.

16. 16. The perovskite battery of claim 15, wherein the material of the first electrode layer (51) comprises at least one of indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, indium tungsten oxide, gallium zinc oxide, aluminum zinc oxide, and fluorine-doped tin oxide.

17. 17. The perovskite battery according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the material of the second electrode layer (52) comprises at least one of Au, Ag, Cu, Al, Ni, Cr, Bi, Pt, Mg, Mo, W and alloys thereof, and a carbon material, and optionally the carbon material comprises at least one of carbon black, graphene, and carbon nanotubes.

18. 18. The perovskite battery according to any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the thickness (d2) of the first electrode layer (51) is 300 nm to 800 nm, the thickness (d3) of the second electrode layer (52) is 10 nm to 200 nm, and the thickness (d4) of the first perovskite layer (53) is 300 nm to 800 nm, and optionally the thickness (d2) of the first electrode layer (51) is 400 nm to 600 nm, the thickness (d3) of the second electrode layer (52) is 80 nm to 120 nm, and the thickness (d4) of the first perovskite layer (53) is 400 nm to 600 nm.

19. The structural formula of the first perovskite layer (53) is ABX ３ where: The ionic radius of A is 0.076 nm to 0.315 nm, the ionic radius of B is 0.06 nm to 0.15 nm, and the ionic radius of X is 0.1 nm to 0.2 nm; Optionally, A comprises at least one of an organic amine cation, Cs, K, Rb, and Li; B comprises at least one of lead, tin, zinc, titanium, antimony, bismuth, nickel, iron, cobalt, silver, copper, gallium, germanium, magnesium, calcium, indium, aluminum, manganese, chromium, molybdenum, and europium; and X comprises at least one of fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine; 19. The perovskite battery according to claim 1, wherein the organic amine cation optionally includes at least one of a methylamine ion and a formamidine ion.

20. 20. The perovskite cell according to any one of claims 5 to 19, wherein the first charge transport layer (61) is a hole transport layer and the second charge transport layer (62) is an electron transport layer, or the first charge transport layer (61) is an electron transport layer and the second charge transport layer (62) is a hole transport layer.

21. a material for the hole transport layer including a P-type semiconductor and a material for the electron transport layer including an N-type semiconductor; Optionally, the material of the hole transport layer includes at least one of thiophene, phthalocyanine, porphyrin, 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyaniline)-9,9′-spirobifluorene, molybdenum oxide, vanadium oxide, tungsten oxide, nickel oxide, copper oxide, tin oxide, molybdenum sulfide, tungsten sulfide, copper sulfide, tin sulfide, cuprous thiocyanate, copper iodide, fluorine-containing phosphonic acid, carbonyl group-containing phosphonic acid, carbon nanotube, and graphene; 21. The perovskite battery of claim 20, wherein the material of the electron transport layer optionally includes at least one of [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid isomethyl ester, C60, cyano group-containing polyphenylacetylene, boron-containing polymer, bathocuproine, bathophenanthroline, hydroxyquinoline aluminum, oxadiazole compounds, benzimidazole compounds, naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid compounds, perylene derivatives, phosphine oxide compounds, phosphine sulfide compounds, fluoro group-containing phthalocyanines, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, indium oxide, tin oxide, gallium oxide, tin sulfide, indium sulfide, lithium fluoride, sodium fluoride, magnesium fluoride, and zinc sulfide.

22. The perovskite battery according to any one of claims 5 to 21, characterized in that the thickness (d5) of the first charge transport layer (61) is 10 nm to 200 nm, and the thickness (d6) of the second charge transport layer (62) is 10 nm to 200 nm.

23. 23. The perovskite cell of any one of claims 5 to 22, wherein the material of the base (50) comprises at least one of glass, a transparent flexible polymer, and optionally the transparent flexible polymer comprises at least one of polyethylene terephthalate, a polyimide.

24. 24. A power consuming device comprising a perovskite cell according to any one of claims 1 to 23, wherein the perovskite cell is used to power the power consuming device.

25. 1. A method of manufacturing a perovskite battery, comprising: providing (310) a plurality of battery units (20) arranged along a first direction, each battery unit (20) including a first electrode layer (51), a second electrode layer (52) arranged along a second direction, and a first perovskite layer (53) located between the first electrode layer (51) and the second electrode layer (52); and providing (320) a connection structure (31) for connecting a first electrode layer (51) of an adjacent first battery unit (21) and a second electrode layer (52) of an adjacent second battery unit (22) among the plurality of battery units (20), wherein a conductive oxide layer (54) is provided between the connection structure (31) and the first perovskite layer (53).

26. Providing (310) a plurality of battery units (20) arranged along the first direction includes: providing a base (50) on which the first electrode layer (51) is placed; depositing a first charge transport layer (61), a first perovskite layer (53), and a second charge transport layer (62) in that order on the first electrode layer (51); depositing the second electrode layer (52) on the second charge transport layer (62); Providing (320) the connection structure (31) comprises: Etching the second charge transport layer (62) along the second direction to expose the first electrode layer (51) and form first etched grooves; and depositing the conductive oxide layer (54) over the second charge transport layer (62) and into the first etched grooves.

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