Grate track boundary elements for combustion grates.

Abstract

The present invention relates to a grate track boundary element (11) for a combustion grate for burning waste, comprising a flow path element (15) and a flow path cover (17) for covering the flow path element (15), the flow path cover (17) including at least one cover element (21, 23) and an end connection element (25) having a lock, the end connection element (25) having a support surface facing away from the flow path element (15) and a first engagement element oriented towards the cover element (21, 23), the cover element (21, 23) being adapted to lock the flow path element (15) The present invention relates to a grate track boundary element (11) having a support surface facing away from the element (15), a retaining element oriented towards the flow path element (15), a second engaging element oriented towards the end connection element (25) formed to receive a first engaging element, and a recess oriented towards the end connection element (25) for receiving a locking device of the end connection element (25), the locking device being formed to releasably lock the end connection element (25) in the flow path element (15).

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a grate track boundary element for a combustion grate for burning waste, as well as to a combustion grate comprising at least one such grate track boundary element of this type. [Background technology]

[0002] Combustion grates for industrial-scale combustion of waste materials have long been known to those skilled in the art. For example, such combustion grates can be in the form of thrust combustion grates with moving parts for carrying out a stoking stroke. In this case, the material to be burned is transported in the transport direction from the inlet end of the combustion grate to the outlet end, and is burned during this process. To supply the combustion grate with the oxygen required for combustion, appropriate air feeds are provided through the combustion grate. Air, also known as primary air, is introduced via these air feeds.

[0003] Frequently used combustion grates are so-called stepped grates. These stepped grates comprise grate blocks arranged next to each other, each forming a grate block row. The rows of grate blocks are arranged one above the other in a stepped manner. In the case of so-called movable grates, the front end of one grate block, as seen in the thrust direction, rests on the support surface of the adjacent (below) grate block in the transport direction and is moved on this support surface during the corresponding thrust movement.

[0004] Due to the high temperatures during combustion or in the combustion chamber, the grate blocks are also subjected to very strong thermal loads, which accelerate erosion by abrasion and by chemical reactions occurring on the support surfaces, which further damage the support surfaces, all of which ultimately shorten the service life of the grate blocks.

[0005] To reduce the heat load, the grate bars are usually cooled from below, i.e., on the side of the combustion grate opposite the combustion, with a cooling medium or fluid. Water or air is usually used as the cooling medium. Therefore, air-cooled or water-cooled grate blocks are often also referred to.

[0006] The individual grate tracks are arranged in such a way that they can expand, at least on their longitudinal sides, because they expand due to the heat load generated during combustion and then contract again when the feed moving grate of the moving grate furnace is stationary. This can cause problems if the components are deformed and / or gaps are created, through which primary air can enter the combustion chamber in an uncontrolled manner. This primary air promotes uncontrolled combustion, which further increases the heat load.

[0007] In the case of two-track advance grates or advance grates with two adjacent tracks, a central grate track separator is formed, also called the central beam, consisting of individual grate separator elements arranged stationary between the two tracks.

[0008] The bond support disclosed in the patent application WO 02 / 04499 is defined to ensure thermal expansion compensation and sealing of the space between two laterally joined grate tracks.

[0009] The grate track separating element disclosed in Patent Document 2 is made from a single piece as a cast part. Due to its construction as a single piece element, the grate track separating element can only absorb the lateral expansion of the grate track in a limited manner. This can result in the aforementioned air gaps, which can allow primary air to unintentionally enter the combustion chamber. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0010] [Patent Document 1] German Patent No. 69105120 [Patent Document 2] International Publication No. 2018 / 149516 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0011] The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a grate track boundary element which eliminates the disadvantages of the prior art and compensates for the thermal expansion of the grate track, thus preventing uncontrolled outflow of primary air into the combustion chamber. [Means for solving the problem]

[0012] According to the invention, this problem is solved by a grate block according to claim 1, a combustion grate according to claims 12 and 13, and a combustion installation according to claim 15. Preferred embodiments of the invention are set out in the dependent claims.

[0013] The present invention relates to a grate track boundary element for a combustion grate for burning waste. The grate track boundary element includes a flow path element and a flow path cover for covering the flow path element. The flow path cover includes at least one cover element and an end connection element with a fastener. The end connection element has a support surface facing away from the flow path element and a first engagement element oriented toward the cover element. The cover element includes a support surface facing away from the flow path element, a retaining element oriented toward the flow path element, a second engagement element oriented toward the end connection element and configured to receive the first engagement element, and a recess oriented toward the end connection element for receiving the fastener of the end connection element. The fastener is configured to releasably lock the end connection element within the flow path element. [Effects of the Invention]

[0014] In the context of the present invention, the term "engagement element" is understood to mean an element that engages into another element or is engaged by another element into said engaging element. Thus, for example, a nose as well as a recess for just such a nose are called engagement elements.

[0015] The advantage of the grate track boundary element according to the invention over prior art solutions is that the expansion of the grate track is compensated for by the compression of the flow path elements. This results in better sealing of the entire structure and thus less uncontrolled inflow of primary air into the combustion chamber. Structures within the meaning of WO 2018 / 149516 with fixed covers do not provide the same improved sealing, as the expansion of the grate track cannot be compensated for very effectively due to the low elasticity of the "integral" flow path elements.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment of the grate track boundary element, said channel cover comprises a second cover element, said second cover element being preferably formed identically to said first cover element.

[0017] When fastening the flow path cover, a compromise is preferably made between the number of individual parts to be assembled and their weight. In embodiments in which the cover elements are evenly distributed relative to the termination elements, the cover elements are relatively heavy, or the effort required to fasten the termination elements is high. In the case of heavy covers covering a larger area of ​​the flow path element, two assemblers are required to place the cover elements together on the flow path element. Furthermore, the effort required to fasten the termination elements should not be underestimated. It is advantageous if a row of two, preferably identically formed, cover elements is fastened by one termination element. This makes the individual parts lighter and therefore easier to assemble, and reduces the number of termination elements, which reduces the effort required for fastening the termination elements.

[0018] Preferably, the first engaging element is formed as a protrusion and the second engaging element is formed as a recess. Accordingly, the engaging elements may be formed as protrusions or as recesses for accommodating the protrusions. In a preferred embodiment, the cover elements each include one engaging element formed as a recess, and the cover elements each include an engaging element formed as a protrusion (also known as a nose), which is formed to fit into a cutout in the cover element. In a further preferred embodiment, the termination connection element includes two engaging elements formed as protrusions facing each other. Each of these engaging elements engages into a recess in the cover element.

[0019] Such a construction provides an improved fixation of the flowpath cover within the flowpath element, which enhances the sealing of the grate track boundary element.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment of the grate track boundary element, the channel element comprises an opening oriented towards the channel cover for receiving a retaining element of the cover element, the opening being formed as a groove with a cutout and narrower than the width of the retaining element, and the cutout being wider than the width of the retaining element of the cover element.

[0021] A groove with cutouts is understood in the context of the present invention to mean a longitudinal opening parallel to the longitudinal axis of the flow path element, which opening has local widenings (cutouts), which widenings are wider than the groove.

[0022] This preferred structure allows the cover and termination elements to be inserted into the flow path element at the cutouts and then slid into the final assembly location, allowing for easy installation and removal of the cover and termination elements without compromising their sealing capabilities.

[0023] Preferably, the flowpath elements include cooling fluid flow paths with cooling fluid inlets and cooling fluid outlets, thereby allowing the flowpath elements to be cooled by incorporating the fluid flow paths or utilizing the flowpath elements as fluid flow paths, which reduces wear on the grate track boundary elements and thus increases their useful life.

[0024] In a preferred embodiment of the grate track boundary element, the openings of the flow path element, which are oriented towards the flow path cover, extend into the fluid flow path. This preferred structure allows for easy production of the individual elements, which reduces the cost of the elements and therefore the cost of the entire installation.

[0025] Preferably, the grate track boundary elements include sealing elements laterally attached to the walls of the flow path elements, which increase the sealing of the grate and reduce uncontrolled inflow of primary air into the combustion chamber.

[0026] An advancing grate usually comprises movable and stationary grate blocks, which are arranged to form rows of movable and stationary grate blocks. While the rows of stationary grate blocks compress the grate track boundary elements due to thermal expansion, this does not apply to the same extent to the rows of movable grate blocks, since such rows must still remain movable. Therefore, it is preferred that sealing elements are attached to the grate track boundary elements above the contact points of the grate blocks, and it is particularly preferred that such sealing elements are attached only above the movable grate blocks.

[0027] In a preferred embodiment of the grate track boundary element, the support surfaces of the cover element facing away from the channel element and the support surfaces of the end connection element facing away from the channel element are formed in a gable or mansard gable manner, preferably with rounded edges.

[0028] In the context of the present invention, the term gable roof refers to a shape similar to a gable roof, i.e. a shape in which the roof surfaces descend on both sides of a longitudinally oriented gable. Mansard gable roof is understood in the context of the present invention to mean a specific shape of a gable roof, in which the roof surfaces descending laterally from the gable do not extend as a flat plane, but are divided into several planes with different slopes.

[0029] Further preferred embodiments of the support surfaces of the cover elements and of the terminating connection elements facing away from the channel element are semicircular, oval or flat planes.

[0030] It has been found that the above preferred embodiment of the support surface is particularly efficient when transporting and distributing combustion objects on the combustion grate, so that the combustion objects do not become lodged on the grate track boundary elements.

[0031] Preferably, the fastener is configured as a clamp, which is particularly preferably arranged between the support surface of the terminal connection element and the channel element.

[0032] Such a preferred embodiment of the locking device allows for simple assembly and removal, as well as high stability of fixation, so that the terminal connection element can be stably fixed and can also be easily assembled and disassembled.

[0033] Positioning the clamp below the support surface protects the clamp from direct contact with the burning object, prevents the clamp from being blocked or obstructed by the burning object, and allows for easy assembly and disassembly.

[0034] In further preferred embodiments, the locking device is designed as a stud with a locking pin, a screw with or without a nut, or a spreader element. All embodiments allow the fastener to be easily removed in order to remove the end connection element. Even for embodiments in which the fastener is configured as a stud with a locking pin, a screw with or without a nut, or a spreader element, it is preferred that the fastener be arranged below the support surface in order to protect it from direct contact with the combustion object.

[0035] In a preferred embodiment of the grate track boundary element, the support surface of the cover element facing away from the flow path element and the support surface of the end connection element facing away from the flow path element are formed in the shape of a shed roof.

[0036] In the context of the present invention, the term "shed roof" refers to a shape similar to a shed roof, where one roof side slopes from the gable at an angle of 10 to 80°, while the opposite roof side slopes down vertically or nearly vertically. Advantageously, in such an embodiment, the grate track boundary elements run along the wall of the combustion chamber.

[0037] The advantage of a support surface configured like a shed roof is that the combustion object does not rest on the sides, preferably on the side walls of the combustion chamber, which could result in uncontrolled combustion.

[0038] Preferably, the fastener comprises a plate and a stud for fixing the plate in the end connection element, which allows simple installation and removal in grate track boundary elements that are only accessible from one side, i.e. for example in grate track boundary elements that run along the wall of the combustion chamber.

[0039] The invention further relates to a combustion grate comprising at least two grate tracks and a grate track boundary element as described above, arranged between said grate tracks.

[0040] An advantage of the combustion grate according to the invention is that, as mentioned above, controlled combustion air is prevented from entering the combustion chamber.

[0041] The invention further relates to a combustion grate comprising at least one grate track and a grate track boundary element as described above, arranged between said grate track and a side wall of a combustion chamber of a combustion installation.

[0042] The advantage of the combustion grate according to the invention is that, as mentioned above, controlled combustion air is prevented from entering the combustion chamber and combustion objects do not remain along the side walls.

[0043] The invention further relates to a combustion installation for the thermal treatment of waste, comprising one or more combustion grates as described above.

[0044] The advantages of the combustion equipment according to the present invention are, as mentioned above, that the controlled inflow of combustion air into the combustion chamber is prevented, which allows for more efficient combustion of waste and requires less maintenance of the equipment.

[0045] The invention will be explained in more detail below on the basis of several examples shown in the drawings. Where alternative embodiments differ only in individual features, the same reference numerals have been used in each case for the features that remain the same. The drawings are each purely schematic. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0046] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a combustion chamber of a combustion facility. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a combustion grate with grate track boundary elements. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the grate track boundary element of FIG. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is an exploded view of the grate track boundary element of FIG. [Figure 5] FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of the flow path cover. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 shows a bottom view of an embodiment of a cover element. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 is a bottom view of an embodiment of a termination element. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a combustion grate with grate track boundary elements. [Figure 9] FIG. 9 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing the combustion grate of FIG. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the grate track boundary element of FIG. [Figure 11] FIG. 11 is an exploded view of the grate track boundary element of FIG. [Figure 12] FIG. 12 is a detailed view showing the sealing elements attached laterally to the walls of the flowpath elements. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0047] 1, the combustion chamber 1 of the combustion installation includes a side wall 3 and a combustion grate 5 including an air-cooled grate track 7 and a water-cooled grate track 9. Furthermore, the combustion grate 5 includes two grate track boundary elements 11, 13.

[0048] FIG. 2 shows a combustion grate 5 comprising an air-cooled grate track 7, a water-cooled grate track 9 and a grate track boundary element 11 located between the two grate tracks.

[0049] FIG. 3 shows a grate track boundary element 11 including a flow path element 15 , a flow path cover 17 and a sealing element 19 .

[0050] 4 shows a grate track boundary element 11 with a raised channel cover 17. The channel cover 17 consists of two cover elements 21, 23 and one end connection element 25. The channel element 15 includes a groove 27 extending in the longitudinal direction of the channel element 15. The groove 27 has a notch 29.

[0051] FIG. 5 shows a detailed view of the channel cover 17, which includes the cover elements 21 and 23 and the end connection element 25. The cover elements 21 and 23 include retaining elements 31 and 32, which are located on the side of the cover elements 21 and 23 facing the channel element 15. On the side opposite the channel element 15, the cover elements 21 and 23 have support surfaces 33 and 35, on which the object to be burned rests. In this embodiment, the support surfaces 33 and 35 are formed in the shape of a mansard gable with rounded edges. Furthermore, the cover elements 21 and 23 have engaging elements 37 and 39, which are formed as recesses here. The engaging elements 37 and 39 are oriented toward the end connection element 25. Below the engaging elements 37 and 39, the cover elements 21 and 23 each have a recess 41 and 43 (recess 43 is not visible in the cover element 23 in this view). The recess 41 serves to accommodate a fastener (described later). Figure 5 further shows the termination connection element 25 with a support surface 45 and two engagement elements 47, 49 formed as protrusions. Furthermore, the termination connection element 25 includes a fastener 51. The fastener is formed as a clamp.

[0052] FIG. 6 is a bottom view showing cover elements 21, 23 including retaining elements 31, 32, recesses 41, 43 and engaging element 39 (engaging element 37 is not visible).

[0053] FIG. 7 is a bottom view showing the terminal connection element 25 with the engagement element 47 and the locking device 49. As shown in FIG.

[0054] FIG. 8 shows a detailed view of a combustion installation comprising a side wall 3, a combustion grate 5 with an air-cooled grate track 7, and a grate track boundary element 13 arranged between the side wall 3 and the grate track 7.

[0055] FIG. 9 shows a longitudinal section of the combustion installation of FIG. 8 with a side wall 3, a combustion grate 5, an air-cooled grate track 7, and a grate track boundary element 13 arranged between the side wall 3 and the grate track 7.

[0056] FIG. 10 is a detailed view showing the grate track boundary element 13 with the channel element 15 having the laterally attached sealing elements 19 and the channel cover 17 including the cover elements 21, 23 and the end connection element 25.

[0057] FIG. 11 is a detailed view of the channel cover 17 with the cover elements 21, 23 and the termination element 25. The support surfaces 33, 35 of the cover elements 21, 23 are here formed like a shed roof with rounded edges. The cover elements 21, 23 have retaining elements 31, 32 on the side facing the channel element 15. Furthermore, the cover elements 21, 23 include engagement elements 37, 39 on the side facing the termination element 25, which are here formed as recesses. In addition, the cover elements 21, 23 include recesses 41, 43 (recess 41 is not visible) for accommodating a fastener 49. FIG. 11 also shows the termination element 25 with the fastener 49, which is here formed as a plate with a stud.

[0058] 12 is a detailed view of the transition from the grate track boundary element 13 to the combustion grate 5. The flow channel element 15 comprises laterally sealing elements 19 attached to it. The sealing elements 19 are mounted above a row of movable grate blocks 51, which move back and forth on the sliding surfaces 53 of the stationary grate blocks 55. The sealing elements 19 close the joints (not shown) that occur when the combustion grate 5 contracts, through which primary air could pass uncontrolled into the combustion chamber.

Claims

1. A grate track boundary element (11, 13) for a combustion grate (5) for burning waste, comprising: A flow path element (15); a channel cover (17) for covering the channel element (15), the channel cover (17) including at least one cover element (21, 23) and a termination element (25) provided with a fastener (49); Equipped with The termination element (25) has a support surface (45) facing away from the flow path element (15) and first engagement elements (47, 49) oriented towards the cover element (21, 23), the cover elements (21, 23) have support surfaces (33, 35) facing away from the flow path element (15), holding elements (31, 32) oriented towards the flow path element (15), second engaging elements (37, 39) oriented towards the termination connection element (25) and formed to receive the first engaging elements (47, 49), and recesses (41, 43) oriented towards the termination connection element (25) for receiving the locking device (49) of the termination connection element (25), The locking device (49) is configured to releasably lock the end connection element (25) within the flow path element (15), the grate track boundary element (11, 13).

2. 2. The grate track boundary element (11, 13) according to claim 1, characterized in that the flow path cover (17) comprises a second cover element (21, 23), which is preferably formed identically to the first cover element (21, 23).

3. 2. The grate track boundary element (11, 13) according to claim 1, characterized in that the first engaging elements (47, 49) are formed as protrusions and the second engaging elements (37, 39) are formed as recesses.

4. the flow channel element (15) comprises an opening (27) oriented towards the flow channel cover (17) for receiving the holding element (31, 32) of the cover element (21, 23), the opening (27) being formed as a groove (28) with a notch (29); The grate track boundary element (11, 13) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the groove (28) is narrower than the width of the retaining element (31, 32) and the notch (29) is formed wider than the width of the retaining element (31, 32) of the cover element (21, 23).

5. Grate track boundary element (11, 13) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the flow path element (15) comprises a cooling fluid flow path with a cooling fluid inlet and a cooling fluid outlet.

6. 6. The grate track boundary element (11, 13) according to claim 5, characterized in that the openings (27) of the flow path elements (15) oriented towards the flow path cover (17) extend into the cooling fluid flow paths.

7. 7. The grate track boundary element (11, 13) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the grate track boundary element (11, 13) comprises a sealing element (19) attached laterally to the wall of the flow path element (15).

8. 8. A grate track boundary element (11, 13) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the support surfaces (33, 35, 45) of the cover elements (21, 23) and the end connection elements (25) facing away from the channel element (15) are formed in the shape of a gable or mansard gable, preferably with rounded edges.

9. 9. A grate track boundary element (11, 13) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the stop (49) is formed as a clamp, which is preferably arranged between the support surface (45) of the end connection element (25) and the flow path element (15).

10. The grate track boundary element (11, 13) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the support surfaces (33, 35, 45) of the cover elements (21, 23) and the end connection elements (25) facing away from the flow path element (15) are shaped like a shed roof.

11. A grate track boundary element (11, 13) according to any one of claims 1 to 7 and 10, characterized in that the fastener (49) comprises a plate and a stud for fixing the plate in the termination connection element (25).

12. A combustion grate (5) comprising at least two grate tracks (7, 9) and a grate track boundary element (11) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, arranged between the at least two grate tracks (7, 9).

13. A combustion grate (5) comprising at least one grate track (7) and a grate track boundary element (13) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, 10 and 11, arranged between the at least one grate track (7) and a side wall (3) of a combustion chamber of a combustion installation.

14. A combustion installation for the thermal treatment of waste, comprising one or more combustion grates (5) according to any one of claims 12 and / or 13.

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