Self-energizing seal and methods of making and using same

Abstract

The seal includes an annular jacket including a body including a heel, a first lip, and a second lip defining an annular recess oriented along a central axis, the first lip being substantially parallel to the central axis, the second lip including an angled portion adjacent the heel and a planar portion adjacent the angled portion, the angled portion forming an angle α with a line perpendicular to the central axis, α being between 30 and 90°, the heel having an axial length L H The first lip has an axial length L FL L H ≦3L FL That's it, a seal.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE The present disclosure relates to seals, and more particularly to annular seals or seals adapted to be deployed under pressure conditions. [Background technology]

[0002] Seals are used in environments to separate fluids (liquids, gases, slurries, etc.) from one another. These seals must often exhibit minimal leakage under stringent pressure requirements over a wide temperature range. Seal wear and leakage issues often arise during applications cycling from low to high fluid pressure and from low to high temperatures. Traditionally, energizers are used to provide the necessary sealing contact force for these applications, but these energized seals can be expensive and require delicate handling. Alternatively, in some cases, these seals may be self-energized, which does not require a biasing element (e.g., a spring), but may not provide the desired wear and leakage performance in certain applications. Therefore, the industry continues to demand improved seals that can withstand wider pressure and temperature conditions while maintaining operational effectiveness in terms of contact force, contact area, and ultimately leakage performance over time. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Embodiments herein include a seal, the annular jacket including a body including a heel, a first lip, and a second lip defining an annular recess oriented along a central axis, the first lip being substantially parallel to the central axis, the second lip including an angled portion adjacent the heel and a planar portion adjacent the angled portion, the angled portion forming an angle α with a line perpendicular to the central axis, α being between 30° and 90°, the heel having an axial length L H The first lip has an axial length L FL L H ≦3L FL The seal may include a seal.

[0004] Embodiments herein may include a seal assembly including a first member, a second member, and a seal disposed between the first member and the second member, the seal including an annular jacket including a body including a heel, a first lip, and a second lip defining an annular recess oriented along a central axis, the first lip being substantially parallel to the central axis, and the heel being adapted to deform along the central axis to form an angle β with a line perpendicular to the central axis, wherein β is greater than 3°.

[0005] Embodiments herein may include a seal assembly that includes an annular jacket including a body including a heel, a static first lip, and a dynamic second lip that define an annular recess oriented along a central axis, the first lip being substantially parallel to the central axis, wherein a contact force of the second lip against a moving shaft measured after completion of Test 1 ranges from about 1 to about 25 N / mm, and a wear length of the second lip measured after completion of Test 1 is greater than about 0.1 mm and less than about 2.5 mm. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0006] Embodiments are illustrated by way of example and not by way of limitation in the accompanying drawings. [Figure 1A] 1 includes a cross-sectional perspective view of a seal according to one embodiment. [Figure 1B] 1 includes a cross-sectional perspective view of a seal according to one embodiment. [Figure 1C] 1 includes a perspective view of a seal according to one embodiment. [Figure 2] 1 includes a cross-sectional perspective view of a seal assembly according to one embodiment. [Figure 3A] 1 illustrates a first iteration of the seal design in a formed and strained state after being introduced into an assembly, according to one embodiment. [Figure 3B] 10 illustrates a second iteration of the seal design in a formed state and strained after being introduced into an assembly, according to one embodiment. [Figure 3C]10 illustrates a third iteration of the seal design in a formed state and strained after being introduced into an assembly, according to one embodiment. [Figure 3D] 10 illustrates a fourth iteration of the seal design in a formed state and strained after being introduced into an assembly, according to one embodiment. [Figure 3E] 10 illustrates a fifth iteration of the seal design in a formed state and strained after being introduced into an assembly, according to one embodiment. [Figure 4A] 3A-3E in an ambient temperature sealing assembly at ambient temperature according to various embodiments. [Figure 4B] 3A-3E in an ambient temperature sealing assembly at ambient temperature according to various embodiments. [Figure 5A] 3A-3E in an ambient temperature sealing assembly at ambient temperature according to various embodiments. [Figure 5B] 3A-3E in an ambient temperature sealing assembly at ambient temperature according to various embodiments.

[0007] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that elements in the figures are illustrated for simplicity and clarity and have not necessarily been drawn to scale. For example, the dimensions of some of the elements in the figures may be exaggerated relative to other elements to help to improve understanding of embodiments of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0008] The following description in combination with the drawings is provided to aid in understanding the teachings disclosed herein. The following discussion focuses on specific implementations and embodiments of the teachings. This focus is provided to help explain the teachings and should not be construed as a limitation on the scope or applicability of the teachings. However, other embodiments may be used based on the teachings disclosed in this application.

[0009] The terms "comprises," "comprising," "includes," "including," "has," "having," or any other variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a method, article, or apparatus that includes a list of features is not necessarily limited to only those features, but may include other features not expressly listed or inherent in such method, article, or apparatus. Further, unless expressly stated to the contrary, "or" refers to an inclusive or, not an exclusive or. For example, condition A or B is satisfied by any one of the following: A is true (or present) and B is false (or absent), A is false (or absent) and B is true (or present), and both A and B are true (or present).

[0010] Additionally, the use of "a" or "an" is employed to describe elements and components described herein. This is done merely for convenience and to give a general sense of the scope of the invention. This description should be understood as one, at least one, or the singular as including the plural, or vice versa, unless it is clear that this is meant to be otherwise. For example, where a single item is described herein, two or more items may be used in place of the single item. Similarly, where two or more items are described herein, the two or more items may be replaced with a single item.

[0011] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this invention belongs. The materials, methods, and examples are illustrative only and are not intended to be limiting. To the extent not described herein, many details regarding specific materials and processing operations are conventional and can be found in textbooks and other sources in the sealing art.

[0012] 1A-1B show cross-sectional perspective views of a seal according to some embodiments. FIG. 1C shows a perspective view of a seal according to some embodiments. Referring initially to FIG. 1, a seal 100 according to some embodiments described herein may generally include a jacket 102. The jacket 102 may be annular about a central axis 190. The jacket 102 may include a body 104 having a heel 116, a first lip 112, and a second lip 114. In one embodiment, the body 104 may include an interior sidewall 105 that may define an annular recess 106.

[0013] In some embodiments, the seal 100 may be a self-energizing seal (i.e., it does not include a spring or energizer). When under load, the jacket 102 may be self-energized and deform radially. As a result, the lips 112, 114 of the jacket 102 may provide an outward force against adjacent components in the assembly (e.g., the first and second members, respectively).

[0014] Seal 100 may be formed from any suitable material in the sealing art, hi certain embodiments, seal 100 may at least partially comprise a polymer. Polymers include polyketone, polyaramid, polyphenylene sulfide, polyethersulfone, polyphenylene sulfone, polyamide-imide, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, fluoropolymer, polybenzimidazole, polyacetal, polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polypropylene (PP), polycarbonate (PC), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyimide (PI), polyetherimide, polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyethylene (PE), polysulfone, polyamide (PA), polyphenylene oxide, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyurethane, polyester, and liquid crystal polymer (LCP). The polymer may be selected from the group including a fluoropolymer (LCP), an elastomer, or any combination thereof. The polymer may be a thermoplastic polymer or a thermoset polymer. In one embodiment, the jacket 102 may include or consist essentially of a fluoropolymer.Exemplary fluoropolymers include polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), perfluoroalkoxy (PFA), a terpolymer of tetrafluoroethylene, a hexafluoropropylene and vinylidene fluoride (THV), polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE), ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE), ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer (ECTFE), or any combination thereof. Other fluoropolymers, polymers, and blends may also be included in the composition of jacket 102. In another particular embodiment, the seal 100 can at least partially comprise, or even consist essentially of, polyethylene (PE), such as ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). In another particular embodiment, the seal 100 can comprise a thermoplastic elastomeric hydrocarbon block copolymer, a polyether-ester block copolymer, a thermoplastic polyamide elastomer, a thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer, a thermoplastic polyolefin elastomer, a thermoplastic vulcanizate, an olefin-based copolymer, an olefin-based terpolymer, a polyolefin plastomer, or a combination thereof. In one embodiment, the seal 100 can comprise a styrenic block copolymer, such as styrene-butadiene, styrene-isoprene, a blend or mixture thereof, or the like.Exemplary styrenic thermoplastic elastomers include triblock styrenic block copolymers (SBCs) such as styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS), styrene-isoprene-styrene (SIS), styrene-ethylene butylene-styrene (SEBS), styrene-ethylene propylene-styrene (SEPS), styrene-ethylene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene (SEEBS), styrene-ethylene-ethylene-propylene-styrene (SEEPS), styrene-isoprene-butadiene-styrene (SIBS), or combinations thereof. Commercially available examples include some grades of Kraton™ and Hybrar™ resins.In one embodiment, the seal 100 is made of acrylonitrile-butadiene (NBR), carboxylated nitrile (XNBR), ethylene acrylate (AEM, Vamac®), ethylene propylene rubber (EPR, EPDM), butyl rubber (IIR), chloroprene rubber (CR), fluorocarbon (FKM, FPM), fluorosilicone (FVMQ), hydrogenated nitrile (HNBR), perfluoroelastomer (FFKM), polyacrylate (ACM), polyurethane (AU, EU), silicone rubber (silicone The seal 100 may comprise an elastomer including at least one of the following: rubber, Q, MQ, VMQ, PVMQ; tetrafluoroethylene-propylene (AFLAS®) (FEPM); In some embodiments, the seal 100 may be formed from any conventional method known for polymer manufacturing, such as injection molding or CNC machining.

[0015] In one embodiment, the seal 100 may be treated, impregnated, filled, or coated with a lubricious material. Exemplary lubricious materials include molybdenum disulfide, tungsten disulfide, graphite, graphene, expanded graphite, boron nitride, talc, calcium fluoride, or any combination thereof. Additionally, the lubricious material may include alumina, silica, titanium dioxide, calcium fluoride, boron nitride, mica, wollastonite, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, zirconia, carbon black, pigments, or any combination thereof.

[0016] In one embodiment, seal 100 may at least partially comprise a metal. According to certain embodiments, the metal may include iron, copper, titanium, tin, aluminum, alloys thereof, or may be another type of metal. In one embodiment, seal 100 may include a metal (such as aluminum, zinc, copper, magnesium, tin, platinum, titanium, tungsten, iron, bronze, steel, energizer steel, stainless steel, etc.), a metal alloy (including the listed metals), an anodized metal (including the listed metals), or any combination thereof.

[0017] As described above, the seal 100 may include a jacket 102. The jacket 102 may include multiple lips 112, 114 that define the annular recess 106. In certain instances, the lips 112 and 114 may extend from a heel 116 of the body 104. In certain embodiments, the lips 112 and 114 may extend from the heel 116 in generally the same direction relative to one another. In one embodiment, the first lip 112 may be located radially outward of the second lip 114 (e.g., the second lip 114 forms the outer diameter of the seal 100). In another particular embodiment, the lips 112 and 114 may extend parallel to one another. In one embodiment, the first lip 112 may be substantially parallel to the central axis 190. In one embodiment, the second lip 114 may include an angled portion and a flat portion, as described below. In optional embodiments, either or both of lips 112 and 114 may include a skived lip (not shown) adapted to provide a scraper interface for sealing against abrasive or viscous materials or environmental components such as dirt, debris, and environmental fluids. In certain embodiments, heel 116 may be secured to hardware (e.g., a valve housing or shaft) to prevent seal 100 from rotating relative to the hardware in the assembly.

[0018] In one embodiment, the heel 116 of the jacket 102 may be generally straight or planar. The heel 116 may include an outer surface portion 116a and an inner surface portion 116b. That is, the heel 116 may lie generally along a plane with minimal surface waviness and deviation. In more specific embodiments, the heel 116 of the jacket 102 may be planar. As described in more detail below, a flat or generally flat heel 116 of the jacket 102 may facilitate improved contact between adjacent seals, thereby providing better sealing characteristics. In some embodiments, the heel 116 may have a straight or polygonal cross-section. In some embodiments, the heel 116 may have an arcuate cross-section. In some embodiments, the heel 116 may be oriented substantially perpendicular to at least one of the first lip 112 or the second lip 114 along the central axis 190. In some embodiments, the heel 116 may have a straight or polygonal portion adjacent to the first lip 112. In some embodiments, heel 116 can have an arcuate portion adjacent to first lip 112. In some embodiments, heel 116 can have a straight or polygonal portion adjacent to second lip 114. In some embodiments, heel 116 can have an arcuate portion adjacent to second lip 114.

[0019] In one embodiment, at least one of lips 112 and 114 can include a linear or planar shape. In one embodiment, at least one of lips 112 and 114 can include an arcuate shape. As shown in FIGS. 1A-1C , in one embodiment, first lip 112 can include a generally linear outer surface portion 112a having an arcuate end portion 112c. As shown in FIGS. 1A-1C , in one embodiment, first lip 112 can include a generally linear inner surface portion 112b having an arcuate inner portion 112d adjacent to the inner surface 116 of heel 116 that defines recess 106.

[0020] 1A-1C, in one embodiment, second lip 114 may include a generally straight outer surface portion 114a, which may include a first beveled surface portion 114a′ (i.e., angled portion) and a second beveled surface portion 114a″ (i.e., flat portion) adjacent first beveled surface portion 114a′ (i.e., angled portion). The second lip may also include a straight end portion 114c. As shown in FIG. 1A, first beveled surface portion 114a′ may include a step 114a′a. Step 114a′a may be substantially parallel to central axis 190. Step 114a′a may form an interface with the outer surface of heel 116 along shoulder 114a′b. 1A-1C, in one embodiment, second lip 114 can include a generally linear inner surface portion 114b having an arcuate inner portion 114d adjacent to an inner surface 116b of heel 116 that defines recess 106. In one embodiment, second lip 114 can be entirely linear.

[0021] 1A-1B, the first angled surface 114a' of the second lip 114 may be adjacent to the outer surface 116a of the heel 116 and form an angled portion that meets the outer surface 116a of the heel 116 at an angle α, where α may be less than 90°, such as less than 75°, such as less than 60°, such as less than 45°, or such as less than 30°. In one embodiment, α may be between 30° and 90°. It will be further understood that α may be any value between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​noted above. The first angled surface 114a' (i.e., the angled portion) may similarly meet the second angled surface 114a'' (i.e., the flat portion).

[0022] In one embodiment, the outer portion of the first lip 112 has a radius of curvature R FE As shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, the radius of curvature R FE may be formed at the end 112c of the first lip 112. In some embodiments, the outer portion of the first lip 112 has a radius of curvature R that may be positive. FEIn some embodiments, the outer portion of the first lip 112 may have a radius of curvature R which may be greater than 0.1 mm, such as greater than 0.5 mm, for example greater than 1 mm, for example greater than 2 mm, such as greater than 5 mm, for example greater than 10 mm, such as greater than 20 mm, for example greater than 25 mm, such as greater than 50 mm, for example greater than 100 mm, or for example greater than 200 mm. FE In some embodiments, the outer portion of the first lip 112 may have a radius of curvature R, which may be negative. FE In some embodiments, the outer portion of the first lip 112 may have a radius of curvature R which may be less than −0.1 mm, such as less than −0.5 mm, for example less than −1 mm, for example less than −2 mm, such as less than −5 mm, for example less than −10 mm, such as less than −20 mm, for example less than −25 mm, such as less than −50 mm, for example less than −100 mm, or for example less than −200 mm. FE The outer portion of the first lip 112 may have a radius of curvature R, which may be any value between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​mentioned above. FE It will be further appreciated that the outer portion of the first lip 112 may have a radius of curvature R that may vary along its circumference and length. FE It can also be understood that the

[0023] In one embodiment, the inner portion of the first lip 112 has a radius of curvature R FI As shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, the radius of curvature R FI may be formed on the inner portion 112d of the first lip 112. In some embodiments, the inner portion of the first lip 112 has a radius of curvature R that may be positive. FI In some embodiments, the inner portion of the first lip 112 may have a radius of curvature R which may be greater than 0.1 mm, such as greater than 0.5 mm, for example greater than 1 mm, for example greater than 2 mm, such as greater than 5 mm, for example greater than 10 mm, such as greater than 20 mm, for example greater than 25 mm, such as greater than 50 mm, for example greater than 100 mm, or for example greater than 200 mm. FI In some embodiments, the inner portion of the first lip 112 may have a radius of curvature R, which may be negative. FIIn some embodiments, the inner portion of the first lip 112 may have a radius of curvature R which may be less than −0.1 mm, such as less than −0.5 mm, for example less than −1 mm, for example less than −2 mm, such as less than −5 mm, for example less than −10 mm, such as less than −20 mm, for example less than −25 mm, such as less than −50 mm, for example less than −100 mm, or for example less than −200 mm. FI The inner portion of the first lip 112 may have a radius of curvature R which may be any value between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​mentioned above. FI It will be further appreciated that the inner portion of the first lip 112 may have a radius of curvature R that may vary along its circumference and length. FI It can also be understood that the

[0024] In one embodiment, the outer portion of the second lip 114 has a radius of curvature R FS In some embodiments, the outer portion of the second lip 114 may have a radius of curvature R, which may be positive. FS In some embodiments, the outer portion of the second lip 114 may have a radius of curvature R which may be greater than 0.1 mm, such as greater than 0.5 mm, for example greater than 1 mm, such as greater than 2 mm, for example greater than 5 mm, for example greater than 10 mm, such as greater than 20 mm, for example greater than 25 mm, for example greater than 50 mm, for example greater than 100 mm, or for example greater than 200 mm. FE In some embodiments, the outer portion of the second lip 114 may have a radius of curvature R, which may be negative. FS In some embodiments, the outer portion of the second lip 114 may have a radius of curvature R which may be less than −0.1 mm, such as less than −0.5 mm, for example less than −1 mm, such as less than −2 mm, for example less than −5 mm, for example less than −10 mm, such as less than −20 mm, for example less than −25 mm, such as less than −50 mm, for example less than −100 mm, or for example less than −200 mm. FS The outer portion of the second lip 114 may have a radius of curvature R, which may be any value between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​mentioned above. FS It will be further appreciated that the outer portion of the second lip 114 may have a radius of curvature R that may vary along its circumference and length. FSIt can also be understood that the

[0025] In one embodiment, the inner portion of the second lip 114 has a radius of curvature R FT As shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, the radius of curvature R FT may be formed on the inner portion 114d of the second lip 114. In some embodiments, the inner portion of the second lip 114 has a radius of curvature R that may be positive. FT In some embodiments, the inner portion of the second lip 114 may have a radius of curvature R which may be greater than 0.1 mm, such as greater than 0.5 mm, for example greater than 1 mm, for example greater than 2 mm, such as greater than 5 mm, for example greater than 10 mm, such as greater than 20 mm, for example greater than 25 mm, such as greater than 50 mm, for example greater than 100 mm, or for example greater than 200 mm. FT In some embodiments, the inner portion of the second lip 114 may have a radius of curvature R, which may be negative. FT In some embodiments, the inner portion of the second lip 114 may have a radius of curvature R which may be less than −0.1 mm, such as less than −0.5 mm, for example less than −1 mm, such as less than −2 mm, for example less than −5 mm, for example less than −10 mm, such as less than −20 mm, for example less than −25 mm, such as less than −50 mm, for example less than −100 mm, or for example less than −200 mm. FT The inner portion of the second lip 114 may have a radius of curvature R, which may be any value between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​mentioned above. FI It will be further appreciated that the inner portion of the second lip 114 may have a radius of curvature R that may vary along its circumference and length. FT It can also be understood that the

[0026] In one embodiment, the cavity formed from the annular recess 106 along the inner surface 105 of the first lip 112, the second lip 114, and the heel 116 has a radius of curvature RC C In some embodiments, the cavity may have a radius of curvature RC, which may be positive. CIn some embodiments the cavity may have a radius of curvature RC which may be greater than 0.1 mm, such as greater than 0.5 mm, for example greater than 1 mm, such as greater than 2 mm, for example greater than 5 mm, such as greater than 10 mm, for example greater than 20 mm, such as greater than 25 mm, for example greater than 50 mm, such as greater than 100 mm, or such as greater than 200 mm. C In some embodiments, the cavity may have a radius of curvature RC, which may be negative. C In some embodiments the cavity may have a radius of curvature RC which may be less than −0.1 mm, such as less than −0.5 mm, for example less than −1 mm, such as less than −2 mm, for example less than −5 mm, such as less than −10 mm, for example less than −20 mm, such as less than −25 mm, for example less than −50 mm, such as less than −100 mm, or for example less than −200 mm. C The cavity may have a radius of curvature RC, which may be any value between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​mentioned above. C It will be further appreciated that the cavity may have a radius of curvature R that may vary along the length of its inner surface 105. FT It can also be understood that the

[0027] In one embodiment, the jacket 102 has an axial length L of at least 0.1 mm, at least 0.5 mm, at least 1 mm, at least 5 mm, at least 10 mm, at least 25 mm, at least 50 mm, at least 75 mm, at least 100 mm, at least 150 mm, at least 250 mm, at least 500 mm. J The jacket 102 may have a length L which may be 2000 mm or less, 1500 mm or less, or 1000 mm or less. J In some embodiments, the jacket 102 may have a length L between 0.1 mm and 600 mm. J The jacket 102 may have a length L which may be any value between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​mentioned above. J It will be further appreciated that the jacket 102 may have a length L which may vary around its circumference. J It may also be appreciated that in some embodiments, the jacket 102 may have a length L SThe length L can be the same as J may have:

[0028] In one embodiment, the jacket 102 has a radial width W of at least 0.1 mm, at least 0.5 mm, at least 1 mm, at least 5 mm, at least 10 mm, at least 25 mm, at least 50 mm, at least 75 mm, at least 100 mm, at least 150 mm, at least 250 mm, at least 500 mm. J The jacket 102 may have a width W which may be 2000 mm or less, 1500 mm or less, or 1000 mm or less. J In some embodiments, the jacket 102 may have a width W between 0.1 mm and 600 mm. J The jacket 102 may have a width W which may be any value between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​mentioned above. J It will be further appreciated that the jacket 102 may have a width W that may vary around its circumference. J It may also be appreciated that in some embodiments, the jacket 102 may have an overall width W of the seal 100 itself. S width W, which can be the same as J may have:

[0029] In one embodiment, the first lip 112 has an axial length L of at least 0.1 mm, at least 0.3 mm, at least 1 mm, at least 5 mm, at least 10 mm, at least 25 mm, at least 50 mm, at least 75 mm, at least 100 mm, at least 150 mm, at least 250 mm, or at least 500 mm. FL The first lip 112 may have a length L which may be 1500 mm or less or 1000 mm or less. FL In some embodiments, the first lip 112 may have a length L between 0.1 mm and 300 mm. FL The first lip 112 may have a length L which may be any value between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​mentioned above. FL It will be further appreciated that the first lip 112 may have a length L that may vary along its circumference. FLIt can also be understood that the

[0030] In one embodiment, the first lip 112 has a radial width W of at least 0.01 mm, at least 0.1 mm, at least 1 mm, at least 5 mm, at least 10 mm, at least 25 mm, at least 50 mm, at least 75 mm, at least 100 mm, at least 150 mm, at least 250 mm, or at least 500 mm. FL The first lip 112 may have a width W which may be 1500 mm or less, 1000 mm or less. FL In some embodiments, the first lip 112 may have a width W between 0.1 mm and 30 mm. FL The first lip 112 may have a width W which may be any value between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​mentioned above. FL It will be further appreciated that the first lip 112 may have a width W that may vary along its circumference. FL It can also be understood that the

[0031] In one embodiment, the first lip 112 has a length L of at least 2:1, such as 3:1, such as 4:1, such as 5:1, such as 10:1, such as 12:1, such as 15:1, such as 25:1, or such as 50:1. FL Width W FL The first lip 112 may have a length L FL Width W FL It will be further understood that the ratio to the length L may be any value between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​noted above. The first lip 112 has a length L that may vary along its circumference. FL Width W FL It can also be understood that the ratio of

[0032] In one embodiment, the second lip 114 has an axial length L of at least 0.1 mm, at least 0.3 mm, at least 1 mm, at least 5 mm, at least 10 mm, at least 25 mm, at least 50 mm, at least 75 mm, at least 100 mm, at least 150 mm, at least 250 mm, or at least 500 mm.SL The second lip 114 may have a length L which may be 1500 mm or less or 1000 mm or less. SL In some embodiments, the second lip 114 may have a length L between 0.1 mm and 300 mm. SL The second lip 114 may have a length L which may be any value between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​mentioned above. SL It will be further appreciated that the second lip 114 may have a length L that may vary around its circumference. SL It can also be understood that the

[0033] In one embodiment, the second lip 114 has a radial width W of at least 0.01 mm, at least 0.1 mm, at least 1 mm, at least 5 mm, at least 10 mm, at least 25 mm, at least 50 mm, at least 75 mm, at least 100 mm, at least 150 mm, at least 250 mm, or at least 500 mm. SL The second lip 114 may have a width W which may be 1500 mm or less or 1000 mm or less. SL In some embodiments, the second lip 114 may have a width W between 0.1 mm and 30 mm. SL The second lip 114 may have a width W which may be any value between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​mentioned above. SL It will be further appreciated that the second lip 114 may have a width W that may vary along its circumference. SL It can also be understood that the

[0034] In one embodiment, the second lip 114 has a length L of at least 2:1, such as 3:1, for example 4:1, for example 5:1, for example 10:1, for example 12:1, for example 15:1, for example 25:1, or for example 50:1. SL Width W SL The second lip 114 may have a length L SL Width W SLIt will be further understood that the ratio to the length L may be any value between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​noted above. The second lip 114 has a length L that may vary along its circumference. SL Width W SL It may also be understood that the width of the two lips 112, 114 may be different, as shown in FIG.

[0035] In one embodiment, the heel 116 has an axial length L of at least 0.1 mm, at least 0.2 mm, at least 1 mm, at least 5 mm, at least 10 mm, at least 25 mm, at least 50 mm, at least 75 mm, at least 100 mm, at least 150 mm, at least 250 mm, at least 500 mm. H The heel 116 may have a length L which may be 1500 mm or less or 1000 mm or less. H In some embodiments, the heel 116 may have a length L between 0.1 mm and 300 mm. H The heel 116 may have a length L which may be any value between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​mentioned above. H It will be further appreciated that the heel 116 may have a length L which may vary around its circumference. H It can also be understood that the

[0036] In one embodiment, the heel 116 has a radial width W of at least 0.1 mm, at least 0.5 mm, at least 1 mm, at least 5 mm, at least 10 mm, at least 25 mm, at least 50 mm, at least 75 mm, at least 100 mm, at least 150 mm, at least 250 mm, at least 500 mm. H The heel 116 may have a width W which may be 1500 mm or less or 1000 mm or less. H In some embodiments, the heel 116 may have a width W between 0.5 mm and 40 mm. H The heel 116 may have a width W which may be any value between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​mentioned above. HIt will be further appreciated that the heel 116 may have a width W that may vary around its circumference. H It can also be understood that the

[0037] In one embodiment, the first lip 112 has a length L of the heel 116 that is at least 2:1, such as 3:1, such as 4:1, such as 5:1, such as 10:1, such as 12:1, such as 15:1, such as 25:1, or such as 50:1. FL Length L H The first lip 112 may have a heel 116 length L FL Length L H It will be further understood that the ratio of the length L of the heel 116 to the length L of the heel 116 may vary along its circumference. FL Length L H It can also be understood that the ratio of L H ≦3L FL is.

[0038] FIG. 2 includes a cross-sectional perspective view of a seal assembly according to one embodiment. While FIG. 2 shows the seal 200 axially oriented, the seal 200 can be oriented in any potential orientation, including a radial or facial sealing orientation. The seal 200 can have the same components listed above with reference to FIG. 1 and correspondingly labeled with 200 numbers instead of 100 numbers. As shown in FIG. 2, the seal 200 can be disposed between a first member 202 and a second member 204 within a seal assembly 2000 along a central axis 290. The first member 202 can be a housing. The second member 204 can be a shaft. At least one of the first member 202 or the second member 204 can act relative to the seal 200 or at least one of the other of the first member 202 or the second member 204. The actuation can be rotational, radial, or axial. In one embodiment, at least one of first lip 212 or second lip 214 may be static within the seal assembly, while the other of first lip 212 or second lip 214 may be dynamic within the seal assembly. In certain embodiments, first lip 212 is static relative to housing 202 and second lip 214 is dynamic relative to shaft 204. Additionally, first member 202 may be made of a material having different material or mechanical properties (e.g., a different coefficient of expansion than second member 204, or vice versa).

[0039] In some embodiments, the seal 200 may be fitted within the seal assembly 2000. As shown, the seal 200 may expand to fit within the members 202, 204. In some embodiments, FIG. 2B may show a second configuration that may indicate seal deformation of the seal 200, described in more detail below. As shown in FIG. 2, the second lip 214 may be deformed to include an arcuate outer surface and / or an arcuate inner surface. As shown in FIG. 2, the heel 216 of the seal 200 may be deformed to form an angle β with a line perpendicular to the central axis 290. In some embodiments, β may be at least 1°, such as at least 2°, such as at least 3°, such as at least 4°, such as at least 5°, such as at least 6°, such as at least 7°, such as at least 8°, such as at least 9°, or such as at least 10°. In some embodiments, β may be less than 45°, such as less than 30°, such as less than 20°, such as less than 10°, or such as less than 5°. In one embodiment, β may be greater than 3°. It will be further understood that β can be any value between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​mentioned above.

[0040] Seal 100 may be adapted for long-term use at high or less than high pressures within seal assembly 2000. In one embodiment, seal 100 may have a desired leak rate at these pressure values. In some embodiments, in these assemblies, the cyclic pressure may be greater than 100 MPa, e.g., greater than 200 MPa, e.g., greater than 500 MPa, or e.g., greater than 750 MPa. In some embodiments, in these assemblies, the cyclic pressure may be less than 500 MPa, e.g., less than 250 MPa, e.g., less than 200 MPa, less than 150 MPa, less than 100 MPa, less than 50 MPa, less than 10 MPa, less than 1 MPa, less than 0.5 MPa, less than 0.3 MPa, or less than 0.1 MPa. It will further be appreciated that the cyclic pressure may be any value between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​noted above.

[0041] Seal 100 may be adapted for long-term use at elevated or lower temperatures within seal assembly 2000. In one embodiment, seal 100 may have a desired leak rate at these temperature values. In some embodiments, in these assemblies, the temperature may be greater than 25°C, such as greater than 50°C, such as greater than 100°C, or such as greater than 150°C. In some embodiments, in these assemblies, the cyclic pressure may be less than 50°C, such as less than 25°C, such as less than 0°C, less than -25°C, or less than -50°C. It will further be appreciated that the temperature may be any value between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​noted above.

[0042] The seal 200 exerts a biasing contact force F against at least one of the first member 202 or the second member 204. S Specifically, the seal 200 may provide a biasing force F against at least one of the first member 202 or the second member 204. S In certain embodiments, the seal 200 may provide a biasing force F against at least one of the first member 202 or the second member 204. S may be provided, which may be at least 0.001 N / mm, for example at least 0.01 N / mm. S may be less than 5000 N / mm, e.g., less than 1000 N / mm, e.g., less than 500 N / mm, less than 400 N / mm, less than 300 N / mm, less than 200 N / mm, less than 100 N / mm, less than 50 N / mm, less than 25 N / mm, or even less than 10 N / mm. In some embodiments, the seal 200 applies a biasing force F to at least one of the first member 202 or the second member 204 between 0.3 N / mm and 150 N / mm. S In some embodiments, a biasing force F on the first member 202 may be provided. S is the biasing force F on the second member 204 Ss may be different from

[0043] The seal 200 may have a contact area on at least one of the first member 202 or the second member 204. In certain embodiments, the seal 200 may have a contact area on at least one of the first member 202 or the second member 204 that is at least 0.1% of the total area of ​​the seal 200. In another embodiment, the contact area on at least one of the first member 202 or the second member 204 is at least 0.1% of the total area of ​​the seal 200, such as at least 0.5%, such as at least 1%, for example at least 2.5%, such as at least 5%, for example at least 10%, such as at least 15%, for example at least 20%, such as at least 25%, for example at least 30%, such as at least 35%, for example at least 40%, such as at least 45%, for example at least 50%, such as at least 55%, for example at least 60%, such as at least 65%, for example at least 70%, such as at least 75%, or such as at least 80% of the total area of ​​the seal 200.

[0044] The seal 200 may have a first lip 112 having a contact area on at least one of the first member 202 or the second member 204. In certain embodiments, the first lip 112 may have a contact area on at least one of the first member 202 or the second member 204 that is at least 0.1% of the total surface area of ​​the first lip 112. In another embodiment, the contact area of ​​the first lip 112 on at least one of the first member 202 or the second member 204 is at least 0.1% of the total surface area of ​​the first lip 112, such as at least 0.5%, such as at least 1%, for example at least 2.5%, such as at least 5%, for example at least 10%, for example at least 15%, such as at least 20%, for example at least 25%, for example at least 30%, such as at least 35%, for example at least 40%, for example at least 45%, for example at least 50%, for example at least 55%, such as at least 60%, for example at least 65%, for example at least 70%, for example at least 75%, or such as at least 80% of the total surface area of ​​the first lip 112. The seal 200 may have a first lip 112 having a contact area on at least one of the first member 202 or the second member 204. In certain embodiments, the first lip 112 may have a contact area on at least one of the first member 202 or the second member 204 that is at least 0.1% of the total surface area of ​​the first lip 112. In one embodiment, the first lip 112 has a contact area between 0.01 and 3000 mm 2 Contact area CA FL may have:

[0045] In another embodiment, the contact area of ​​the first lip 112 on at least one of the first member 202 or the second member 204 is at least 0.1% of the total surface area of ​​the first lip 112, for example at least 0.5%, such as at least 1%, for example at least 2.5%, for example at least 5%, such as at least 10%, for example at least 15%, such as at least 20%, for example at least 25%, for example at least 30%, for example at least 35%, such as at least 40%, for example at least 45%, for example at least 50%, for example at least 55%, such as at least 60%, for example at least 65%, for example at least 70%, for example at least 75%, or such as at least 80% of the total surface area of ​​the first lip 112.

[0046] The seal 200 may have a second lip 114 having a contact area on at least one of the first member 202 or the second member 204. In certain embodiments, the second lip 114 may have a contact area on at least one of the first member 202 or the second member 204 that is at least 0.1% of the total surface area of ​​the second lip 114. In another embodiment, the contact area of ​​the second lip 114 on at least one of the first member 202 or the second member 204 is at least 0.1% of the total surface area of ​​the second lip 114, such as at least 0.5%, such as at least 1%, for example at least 2.5%, such as at least 5%, for example at least 10%, for example at least 15%, such as at least 20%, for example at least 25%, for example at least 30%, for example at least 35%, such as at least 40%, for example at least 45%, for example at least 50%, for example at least 55%, such as at least 60%, for example at least 65%, for example at least 70%, for example at least 75%, or such as at least 80% of the total surface area of ​​the second lip 114. The seal 200 may have a second lip 114 having a contact area on at least one of the first member 202 or the second member 204. In certain embodiments, the second lip 114 may have a contact area on at least one of the first member 202 or the second member 204 that is at least 0.1% of the total surface area of ​​the second lip 114. In one embodiment, the second lip 114 has a contact area of ​​0.01 to 3000 mm 2 Contact area CA SL may have:

[0047] In another embodiment, the contact area of ​​the second lip 114 on at least one of the first member 202 or the second member 204 is at least 0.1% of the total surface area of ​​the first lip 112, for example at least 0.5%, such as at least 1%, for example at least 2.5%, for example at least 5%, such as at least 10%, for example at least 15%, for example at least 20%, for example at least 25%, for example at least 30%, for example at least 35%, for example at least 40%, for example at least 45%, for example at least 50%, for example at least 55%, for example at least 60%, for example at least 65%, for example at least 70%, for example at least 75%, or for example at least 80% of the total surface area of ​​the first lip 112.

[0048] Test 1 is a measure of the contact force of the second lip 214 of the seal 200 against the moving shaft 204 when installed in the annulus between the first member 202 and the second member 204. Test 1 consists of a series of cycles performed at predetermined conditions (contact force is not monitored during Test 1). To perform Test 1, the seal may have an initial inner diameter of 13.5 mm to 14.6 mm and an initial outer diameter of 17 mm to 21 mm. The annulus may have a groove that fits over the seal so that the seal can be installed within the groove. The shaft 204 moves in a linear reciprocating motion at a speed of 0.01 m / s to 0.03 m / s for a total distance of 80 km, during which the seal 200 is fully exposed to a pressure differential of 0 to 0.3 MPa by a fluid (demineralized water) at room temperature. The first member 202 is made of machined polyoxymethylene (POM) polymer, and the second member 204 is made of ceramic with an outer diameter of 14.6 mm and a surface finish equivalent to 0.04 μm. After this series of cycles is completed, the seal is removed and placed on a table to measure the friction force (shaft actuation). The friction force required to actuate the shaft is monitored by a sensor and recorded by a load cell connected to the shaft while the seal 200 is in place. Its maximum value is recorded during one cycle of shaft movement (dry, no pressure, speed 0.03 m / s, stroke 10 mm). The contact force, expressed in N per mm of circumference (N / mm), is calculated by dividing the measured friction force by the dynamic sealing circumference and the coefficient of friction (0.1) that characterizes the contact between the seal 200 and the shaft 204. After Test 1 is completed, the seal 200 is removed and the width of the "wear band" caused by the movement of the shaft 204 is measured on the seal 200. This is measured visually under a microscope on the outside of the dynamic lip 214. The "wear band" is the width of the visual surface damage / wear caused by the shaft 204 sliding against the dynamic lip 214. In some embodiments, according to Test 1, the seal 200 may have a contact force of the second lip 204 against the moving shaft 204, measured after Test 1 is completed, in the range of about 1 to about 25 N / mm, and a wear length of the second lip 214, measured after Test 1 is completed, of greater than about 0.1 mm and less than about 2.5 mm.

[0049] The seal 100 may form an assembly that can be utilized in bidirectional pressure applications. The seal 100 may be oriented against and prevent fluid leakage in a forward axial direction, or the seal 100 may be oriented against and prevent fluid leakage in an aft axial direction along the central axis 190. The seal 100 may be oriented against and protect fluid leakage in an inward direction, or the seal 100 may be oriented against and protect fluid leakage in an outward direction perpendicular to the central axis 190. In this regard, the seal 100 may be selected to have particular properties that enable effective sealing in those particular orientations. Particular suitable applications include valves, pistons, bidirectional couplings, and other moving components requiring sealing therebetween.

[0050] Seals described in accordance with embodiments herein may enable seal components to have a longer lifespan due to well-placed contact forces that reduce repeated compression and stress on the self-energizing seal due to vibration or actuation of the seal or other components within the assembly. Furthermore, seals described in accordance with embodiments herein may prevent seal deformation under low and high cyclic pressures and low and high temperature cycles while maintaining sufficient contact force between the sealing area and the hardware. This may result in improved lifespan for the components and the seal itself, and reduced overall leakage. Furthermore, self-energizing seals according to embodiments herein may be less expensive, more robust to handle, and provide similar performance compared to conventionally energized seals. [Example]

[0051] FIG. 3A illustrates a first iteration of a seal design that has been strained in a formed state after being introduced into an assembly, according to one embodiment. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3A, seal 300A exhibited a large strain when placed into the assembly. FIG. 3B illustrates a second iteration of a seal design that has been strained in a formed state after being introduced into an assembly, according to one embodiment. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3B, seal 300B exhibited a slightly smaller large strain when placed into the assembly than the seal of FIG. 3A. FIG. 3C illustrates a third iteration of a seal design that has been strained in a formed state after being introduced into an assembly, according to one embodiment. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3C, seal 300C exhibited a slightly smaller large strain when placed into the assembly than the seal of FIG. 3B. FIG. 3D illustrates a fourth iteration of a seal design that has been strained in a formed state after being introduced into an assembly, according to one embodiment. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3D, seal 300D exhibited a slightly smaller large strain when placed into the assembly than the seal of FIG. 3C. 3E illustrates a fifth iteration of a seal design that has been strained in the formed state after being introduced into an assembly, according to one embodiment. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3E, seal 300E exhibited a significant strain when placed into an assembly, slightly less than the seal of FIG. 3D. As shown, seal designs according to embodiments herein have been optimized to provide optimal strain when placed into a seal assembly.

[0052] 4A shows a graph of contact force (N) versus time (hr) for the seal of FIGS. 3A-3E in a sealing assembly at ambient temperature, according to various embodiments. FIG. 4B shows a graph of contact area (mm ) versus time (hr) for the seal of FIGS. 3A-3E in a sealing assembly at ambient temperature, according to various embodiments. 2 4A-4B, the seals of FIGS. 3D, 3E and embodiments herein exhibited greater contact force and contact area than previous iterations and the original design and conventional seals.

[0053] 5A shows a graph of contact force (N) versus time (hr) for the seal of FIGS. 3A-3E in a sealing assembly at ambient temperature, according to various embodiments. FIG. 5B shows a graph of contact area (mm ) versus time (hr) for the seal of FIGS. 3A-3E in a sealing assembly at ambient temperature, according to various embodiments. 2 ) are graphs showing the relationship between the contact force and area of ​​the seal of FIGS. 3D, 3E and embodiments herein. As shown in FIGS. 5A-5B, the seal of FIGS. 3D, 3E and embodiments herein exhibited greater contact force and area than previous iterations and the original design and conventional seals. As shown in FIGS. 4A-5B, the seal design according to embodiments herein was optimized to provide optimal contact force and area when placed in a seal assembly, and the angle α, heel length L H , the width of the first lip W FL , and provides surprising results in contact force and contact area, as the seal showed stronger performance in contact area and contact force as the cavity profile was modified along the iterations.

[0054] Many different aspects and embodiments are possible. Some of these aspects and embodiments are described below. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art will understand that these aspects and embodiments are merely illustrative and do not limit the scope of the invention. An embodiment may be along any one or more of the items listed below.

[0055] Embodiment 1. A seal comprising an annular jacket having a body including a heel, a first lip, and a second lip defining an annular recess oriented along a central axis, the first lip being substantially parallel to the central axis, the second lip including an angled portion adjacent the heel and a planar portion adjacent the angled portion, the angled portion forming an angle α with a line perpendicular to the central axis, α being between 30 and 90°, the heel having an axial length L H and the first lip has an axial length L FL L H ≦3L FL That's it, a seal.

[0056] Embodiment 2. A seal assembly comprising: a first member, a second member, and a seal disposed between the first member and the second member, the seal defining an annular recess oriented along a central axis; an annular jacket comprising a body comprising a heel, a first lip, and a second lip, the first lip being substantially parallel to the central axis; and the heel adapted to deform along the central axis to form an angle β with a line perpendicular to the central axis, β being greater than 3°.

[0057] Embodiment 3. A seal assembly comprising: a first member, a second member, and a seal disposed between the first member and the second member, the seal comprising an annular jacket having a body comprising a heel, a static first lip, and a dynamic second lip defining an annular recess oriented along a central axis, the first lip being substantially parallel to the central axis, the contact force of the second lip against a moving shaft measured after completion of Test 1 being in the range of about 1 to about 25 N / mm, and the wear length of the second lip measured after completion of Test 1 being greater than about 0.1 mm and less than about 2.5 mm.

[0058] Embodiment 4. A seal assembly according to embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the first lip is a stationary lip.

[0059] Embodiment 5. A seal assembly according to embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the second lip is a dynamic lip.

[0060] Embodiment 6. The first lip has an axial width W of 0.1 to 30 mm. FL 2. The seal of embodiment 1, having

[0061] Embodiment 7. The second lip has an axial width W of 0.1 to 30 mm. SL 2. The seal of embodiment 1, having

[0062] Embodiment 8. The heel has an axial length L of 0.1 to 300 mm. H 2. The seal of embodiment 1, having

[0063] Embodiment 9. The first lip has an axial length L of 0.1 to 300 mm. FL 2. The seal of embodiment 1, having

[0064] Embodiment 10. The second lip has an axial length L of 0.1 to 300 mm. SL 2. The seal of embodiment 1, having

[0065] Embodiment 11. A seal as described in embodiment 1, wherein the entire second lip is straight.

[0066] Embodiment 12. The first lip is 0.01 to 3000 mm 2 Contact area CA FL 4. The seal assembly of claim 2 or 3, having

[0067] Embodiment 13. The second lip is 0.01 to 3000 mm 2 Contact area CA SL 4. The seal assembly of claim 2 or 3, having

[0068] Embodiment 14. The seal has an outward biasing contact force F of 1 to 25 N / mm. S 4. The seal assembly of claim 2 or 3,

[0069] Embodiment 15. The cavity has a curvature radius RC of -200 to 200 mm. C 15. The seal or seal assembly of any one of embodiments 1 to 14, comprising:

[0070] Embodiment 16. A seal assembly as described in embodiment 2 or 3, wherein the second lip is modified to include an arcuate outer surface.

[0071] Embodiment 17. A seal or seal assembly according to any one of embodiments 1 to 16, wherein the first lip includes a straight portion and an arcuate end adjacent to the straight portion.

[0072] Embodiment 18. A seal or seal assembly according to any one of embodiments 1 to 17, wherein the first lip is positioned outside the second lip.

[0073] Embodiment 19. A seal or seal assembly according to any one of embodiments 1 to 18, wherein the seal does not include an energizer.

[0074] Embodiment 20. A seal or seal assembly according to any one of embodiments 1 to 19, wherein the jacket comprises a polymer.

[0075] Embodiment 21. A seal or seal assembly according to any one of embodiments 1 to 20, wherein the jacket comprises polyethylene or polyetherketone.

[0076] Embodiment 22. A seal or seal assembly according to any one of embodiments 1 to 21, wherein the seal has a length of 0.1 mm to 600 mm.

[0077] Embodiment 23. A seal or seal assembly according to any one of embodiments 1 to 22, wherein the seal has a width of 0.1 mm to 600 mm.

[0078] It should be noted that not all of the above features are required, that some of the specific features may not be required, and that one or more features may be provided in addition to the features described. Still further, the order in which the features are listed is not necessarily the order in which they are introduced.

[0079] Certain features that are, for clarity, described herein in the context of separate embodiments, may also be provided in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are, for brevity, described in the context of a single embodiment, may also be provided separately or in any subcombination.

[0080] Benefits, other advantages, and solutions to problems have been described above with respect to particular embodiments. However, the benefits, advantages, solutions to problems, and any feature(s) that may bring about or make more pronounced any benefit, advantage, or solution should not be construed as a critical, necessary, or essential feature of any or all of the claims.

[0081] The specification and illustrations of the embodiments described herein are intended to provide a general understanding of the structure of various embodiments. The specification and illustrations are not intended to serve as an exhaustive and comprehensive description of all elements and features of apparatus and systems that use the structures or methods described herein. Separate embodiments may be provided in combination in a single embodiment, and conversely, various features that are described for brevity in the context of a single embodiment may also be provided separately or in any subcombination. Furthermore, references to values ​​described in ranges include any and all values ​​within that range. Many other embodiments may become apparent to those skilled in the art only after reading this specification. Other embodiments may be utilized and derived from the present disclosure, such that structural substitutions, logical substitutions, or any changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Accordingly, the present disclosure should be considered illustrative, not restrictive.

Claims

1. A seal, The annular jacket includes a body including a heel, a first lip, and a second lip defining an annular recess oriented along a central axis, the first lip being substantially parallel to the central axis, the second lip including an angled portion adjacent the heel and a planar portion adjacent the angled portion, the angled portion forming an angle α with a line perpendicular to the central axis, α being between 30 and 90 degrees, and the heel having an axial length L Ｈ and the first lip has an axial length L ＦＬ and L Ｈ ≦3L ＦＬ That's it, a seal.

2. 1. A seal assembly comprising: A first member; A second member; and a seal disposed between the first member and the second member, the seal comprising:

1. A seal assembly comprising: an annular jacket comprising a body including a heel, a first lip, and a second lip defining an annular recess oriented along a central axis, wherein the first lip is substantially parallel to the central axis, and the heel is adapted to deform along the central axis to form an angle β with a line perpendicular to the central axis, wherein β is greater than 3°.

3. 1. A seal assembly comprising: A first member; A second member; and a seal disposed between the first member and the second member, the seal comprising:

1. A seal assembly comprising: an annular jacket comprising a body including a heel, a static first lip, and a dynamic second lip, the heel defining an annular recess oriented along a central axis, the static first lip being substantially parallel to the central axis; a contact force of the second lip against a moving shaft measured after completion of Test 1 ranging from about 1 to about 25 N / mm; and a wear length of the second lip measured after completion of Test 1 being greater than about 0.1 mm and less than about 2.5 mm.

4. The seal assembly of claim 2 or 3, wherein the first lip is a static lip.

5. The seal assembly of claim 2 or 3, wherein the second lip is a dynamic lip.

6. The first lip has an axial width W of 0.1 to 30 mm. ＦＬ The seal of claim 1 , wherein

7. The second lip has an axial width W of 0.1 to 30 mm. ＳＬ The seal of claim 1 , wherein

8. The heel has an axial length L of 0.1 to 300 mm. Ｈ The seal of claim 1 , wherein

9. The first lip has an axial length L of 0.1 to 300 mm. ＦＬ The seal of claim 1 , wherein

10. The second lip has an axial length L of 0.1 to 300 mm. ＳＬ The seal of claim 1 , wherein

11. The seal of claim 1 , wherein the second lip is entirely straight.

12. The first lip has a length of 0.01 to 3000 mm ２ Contact area CA ＦＬ The seal assembly of claim 2 or 3, comprising:

13. The second lip has a length of 0.01 to 3000 mm ２ Contact area CA ＳＬ The seal assembly of claim 2 or 3, comprising:

14. The seal assembly of claim 2 or 3, wherein the second lip is modified to include an arcuate outer surface.

15. A seal or seal assembly according to any preceding claim, wherein the first lip includes a straight portion and an arcuate end adjacent the straight portion.

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