Fire suppression floor structure

Abstract

To provide a fire suppression floor structure capable of suppressing the force of fire to the minimum extent that evacuation is possible even if gasoline or the like is scattered on the floor of a building and ignited.SOLUTION: The flooring material 12 is formed by joining a heat-resistant base material layer 12B to a lower surface of an oil-permeable surface layer, and the surface layer and the base material layer 12B are formed with a plurality of through-holes having an opening area equal to or larger than an area corresponding to a radial 2mm and equal to or smaller than an area corresponding to the radial 5mm when the hole is a circle, and at least surfaces of the drainboards 11 are formed of a fire-resistant or flame-retardant material, and a height of a lower space portion is equal to or larger than the 5mm and equal to or smaller than the 20mm.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a floor structure capable of suppressing fires caused by flammable liquids such as gasoline, and relates to a technique that is effective when used in floor structures for free access floors, for example. [Background technology]

[0002] In recent years, there have been a number of violent incidents of arson involving the spreading of gasoline, and measures to prevent arson using flammable liquids such as gasoline are desired in office buildings, event venues, and other locations. Conventionally, some carpets have been given flame retardancy so that they do not contribute to the spread of fire in the event of a fire. In addition, inventions relating to flame-retardant carpets for use in transportation such as aircraft, ships, trains, and automobiles have been proposed (see Patent Documents 1 and 2), and laying such flame-retardant carpets on the floors of buildings can also suppress fires to some extent. Furthermore, in order to deal with the occurrence of a fire caused by a flammable liquid inside a building, an invention has been proposed relating to a floor structure of a structure that can prevent the spread of fire (Patent Document 3). [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2012-207331 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2014-217430 [Patent Document 3] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-155799 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] The flame-retardant carpet inventions described in Patent Documents 1 and 2 are intended to prevent the spread of fire by making the flooring itself less flammable. Therefore, if a flammable liquid such as gasoline is spread and set on fire, it cannot be expected to have the effect of suppressing the force of the fire, and there is a risk that bystanders will be frightened by the rising flames and be unable to evacuate. Furthermore, Patent Document 3 describes a floor structure in which the floor surface is divided into predetermined units, a storage floor is provided below the predetermined division area that can store fire extinguishing water sprayed when the water-based fire extinguishing equipment is activated and eluted polymer-based flammable materials, and the space below this is used as a wiring space, creating a double floor structure, and a fire-retardant treated material is laid on the floor surface of the division area.

[0005] However, the floor structure described in Patent Document 3 is based on the assumption that water will be sprayed using a fire extinguishing system, and does not take into account buildings without fire extinguishing systems or the situation before water spraying for fire extinguishing. Therefore, it cannot be expected to be effective in preventing the vaporization of flammable liquid and the resulting large flames immediately after the outbreak of a fire caused by flammable liquid. Furthermore, Figure 3 of Patent Document 3 describes providing a storage space for flammable liquid and fire extinguishing water below the floor panels, and directing the flammable liquid on the floor surface through the floor panels to the storage space below. However, this is intended to protect various cables for office equipment installed under the floor from fire, and the upper part of the storage space is designed so that air flows in from above the floor panels. Therefore, there is a problem in that it is not possible to sufficiently prevent the flammable liquid accumulated in the storage space from burning in the early stages of a fire.

[0006] The present invention was made with an eye on the above-mentioned problems, and its purpose is to provide a fire suppression floor structure that can suppress the force of the fire to a level that allows evacuation at a minimum, even if a flammable liquid such as gasoline is scattered on the floor of a building and ignites. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides: A multi-layered fire suppression floor structure with flooring on the upper layer and slats on the lower layer, The flooring material has a heat-resistant base layer bonded to the underside of an oil-permeable surface layer, a plurality of through holes having an opening area of ​​at least an area corresponding to a diameter of 2 mm when the hole is circular and no greater than an area corresponding to a diameter of 5 mm are formed in the surface layer and the base layer; At least the surface of the slats is made of a fire-resistant or flame-retardant material, and the height of the space below is 5 mm or more and 20 mm or less. It is structured as follows.

[0008] With the above-described configuration, even if a flammable liquid such as gasoline is spilled on the floor of a building, the spilled flammable liquid passes through the through-holes in the flooring and falls into the space inside the slats, and the base layer on the back surface of the flooring prevents the vaporized flammable liquid from escaping upward. Therefore, even if the flammable liquid is spilled and ignited, the fire can be contained to a level that allows evacuation at the very least. In addition, since the height of the space below the slats is between 5 mm and 20 mm, the height of the flooring material from the floor surface of the building can be prevented from becoming too high, and the stability of the flooring material can be prevented from decreasing due to the height of the slats becoming too high. The more desirable height of the slats is around 10 mm.

[0009] Preferably, the surface layer of the flooring material is made of a flame-retardant and oil-repellent carpet, and the carpet is bonded to the upper surface of the base layer with an adhesive. According to this configuration, the flooring can be constructed using commercially available carpet, thereby reducing the cost of installing a fire suppression floor structure. The surface layer of the flooring material may be made of a woven fabric woven with flame-retardant and oil-repellent threads, and the woven fabric may be bonded to the top surface of the base material layer with an adhesive.

[0010] Alternatively, the surface layer of the flooring material is made of plastic tiles formed into flat plates from flame-retardant synthetic resin, and the plastic tiles are bonded to the top surface of the base material layer with an adhesive, The plastic tile may be configured so that it is oil-permeable by forming a plurality of grooves on the surface thereof that lead to the through-holes. According to this configuration, the flooring can be constructed using commercially available, relatively inexpensive P tiles, thereby reducing the cost of installing a fire suppression floor structure.

[0011] The floor material, wire mesh, and slats are each formed to have a rectangular shape of the same size, so that a free access floor can be constructed. With this configuration, even if flammable liquid is scattered and ignited, the intensity of the fire can be contained to a level that allows evacuation at a minimum, while still ensuring space for routing various cables for office automation equipment. [Effects of the Invention]

[0012] The fire suppression floor structure according to the present invention has the effect of suppressing the fire to a level that allows evacuation at the very least, even if a flammable liquid such as gasoline is scattered on the floor of a building and ignites. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0013] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a floor structure according to an embodiment of the present invention as viewed from the side. [Figure 2] 1A and 1B show examples of patterns of through holes provided in flooring materials that constitute the floor structure of an embodiment, where FIG. 1A is an overall view of the flooring material, and FIG. 1B is an enlarged view of a portion of the flooring material. [Figure 3] 10A to 10C are diagrams showing other examples of patterns of through holes provided in floor materials that constitute the floor structure of the embodiment. [Figure 4] 10(A) and 10(B) are plan views showing an example of the weaving method of the woven fabric of a second example of the flooring material that constitutes the floor structure of the embodiment. [Figure 5]FIG. 10 is a plan view showing an example of grooves for imparting oil permeability formed on the surface of a P tile of a third example of a flooring material that constitutes a floor structure of an embodiment. [Figure 6] 1(A) and 1(B) are perspective views showing an example of the configuration of a slatted floor and an OA floor panel that constitute the floor structure of the embodiment. [Figure 7] 10A to 10D are explanatory diagrams showing the change in state when gasoline or the like is scattered and ignited in the floor structure of the embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0014] Hereinafter, an embodiment of a floor structure to which the present invention is applied will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows a side view of a floor structure according to one embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the floor structure of this embodiment is composed of a heat-resistant slatted base 11 and a flooring material 12 placed on the top surface of the slatted base 11 and having a plurality of through-holes.

[0015] Although not particularly limited, in the following example, it is assumed that the floor structure is for a free access floor, and the slats 11 and floor material 12 are each formed to have a rectangular shape. When used in conjunction with tile carpets used in general free access floors, each component is formed to have a square shape of, for example, about 50 cm x 50 cm.

[0016] The flooring material 12 that constitutes the floor structure of this embodiment has a laminated structure of a surface layer 12A made of a fiber layer or the like and a base layer 12B made of synthetic rubber or the like, with the surface layer 12A bonded to the top surface of the base layer 12B with an adhesive. The material of the base layer 12B is not limited to synthetic rubber, but may be a synthetic resin whose main component is vinyl chloride resin. The material of the surface layer 12A will be described later.

[0017] As shown in Fig. 2(A), the flooring material 12 has a plurality of through holes 12c formed throughout the entire surface. The through holes 12c are formed so as to penetrate the surface layer 12A and the base layer 12B. In the flooring material 12 shown in Fig. 2(A), the through holes 12c, each 3 mm in diameter, are arranged in a matrix at a pitch of 20 mm, as shown in Fig. 2(B) in an enlarged partial view. The center of the outermost through hole 12c is located 10 mm away from the edge of the flooring material 12.

[0018] Note that the dimensions shown in FIG. 2(A) are merely examples and are not limited to the above values. Experiments conducted by the inventors have shown that the diameter of the through-holes 12c depends on the thickness of the flooring 12, but for a normal thickness (2 mm to 5 mm), a size of 2 mm to 5 mm is appropriate. If the diameter is smaller than 2 mm, there is a concern that the hole will become clogged with dust, while if the diameter is larger than 5 mm, it was observed in experiments that vaporized gasoline rising from under the slats 11 would flicker and burn at the through-holes 12c. Furthermore, a pitch between the through-holes 12c in the range of approximately 10 to 50 mm is appropriate.

[0019] Although the through-holes 12c provided in the flooring material 12 shown in Figure 2 are circular, the shape of the through-holes 12c is not limited to circular and can be any shape, such as an oval, triangle, rectangle, hexagon, or other polygon, cross, or star. When a shape other than circular is used, the size, i.e., area, of each through-hole 12c can be expressed by converting the appropriate diameter range for a circle, from 2 mm to 5 mm, into an area. In other words, the preferred area range for the through-holes 12c is 3.14 mm. 2 Over 19.63mm 2 The following is the result.

[0020] For example, when the through-hole 12c is rectangular, it can be 2 mm x 5 mm. In this case, the size of the through-hole 12c is 10 mm. 2 Furthermore, instead of aligning the rectangular orientations, that is, the longitudinal directions, of the plurality of through holes 12c in the same direction, every other through hole 12c may be rotated by 90 degrees, or the orientations may be randomly changed. This is because the closer the longitudinal direction of the rectangle is to a right angle with the direction in which the gasoline flows, the more efficiently the gasoline can be dropped downward. However, since the direction in which the gasoline will flow cannot be known in advance, it is considered appropriate to have the rectangular through-holes 12c facing in various directions.

[0021] On the other hand, it is desirable to make the ratio of the total area of ​​the through holes 12c provided in the flooring 12 to the sheet area as large as possible within the range that ensures the necessary strength for the flooring 12. Furthermore, if the thickness of the flooring 12 is large, the ratio of the total area of ​​the through holes 12c can be increased, and if the thickness of the flooring 12 is small, the ratio of the total area of ​​the through holes 12c can be decreased.

[0022] Furthermore, the pattern of the through holes 12c provided in the flooring material 12 is not limited to that shown in Figure 2. Figures 3(A) and (B) show other example patterns of the through holes 12c provided in the flooring material 12. 3(A) and (B), (A) shows through holes 12c of different diameters that are uniformly distributed and aligned, while (B) shows through holes 12c of different diameters that are randomly distributed. Note that the through holes 12c may not be distributed in the flooring material 12, but may be multiple holes of a continuous shape.

[0023] Here, the structure and material of the surface layer 12A of the flooring material 12 in which the plurality of through holes 12c are formed will be described. (First Example) The first example of the surface layer 12A of the flooring material 12 used in this embodiment is a carpet made of flame-retardant and oil-repellent fibers, and is a loop pile carpet with looped fibers on the surface.

[0024] In this way, it has been experimentally confirmed that by using a carpet made of oil-repellent fibers as the surface layer 12A, even if a flammable liquid such as gasoline is spilled on the flooring material 12, the flammable liquid will not spread over a wide area but will quickly flow downward through the through holes 12c. This is thought to be because the pile carpet has many gaps, making it oil-permeable and allowing the flammable liquid to spread easily, and because the carpet is made of oil-repellent fibers, the flammable liquid will not spread too far horizontally. In this specification, oil-permeability refers to the horizontal spreading property of the flammable liquid.

[0025] (Second Example) The second embodiment of the surface layer 12A of the flooring material 12 uses a fabric (woven fabric) made of threads made of a flame-retardant material woven vertically and horizontally. The woven fabric may be folded in a so-called "plain weave" manner, in which the weft and warp threads are evenly arranged and passed over and under each other, as shown in Figure 4(A), or in which the warp threads are periodically omitted, as shown in Figure 4(B).

[0026] The spacing between warp threads and the spacing between weft threads may be different, with one spacing being closer than the other, or the spacing between warp threads or weft threads may be uneven. In such a woven fabric, the streaky gaps between the threads (so-called seams) act as paths for flammable liquids scattered on the flooring material 12, thereby providing oil permeability that allows for good horizontal spreading. Furthermore, the distance between the centers of either the warp or weft yarns may be approximately equal to the cross-sectional diameter of the yarn. Such a woven fabric can ensure durability by increasing the yarn density while exhibiting the above-mentioned oil permeability in one direction.

[0027] A specific example of the above-mentioned woven fabric is disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 7001638. In the invention of an interior material disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 7001638, a core yarn is covered with a covering material primarily composed of vinyl chloride resin and woven lengthwise and widthwise. Furthermore, to prevent adhesive from seeping out onto the surface of the woven fabric, the warp yarns are woven at a density of 42 to 47 threads per inch and the weft yarns at a density of 15 to 16 threads per inch. The interior material of the above patent has a structure in which the above-mentioned woven fabric is placed on a backing layer (substrate layer) made primarily of vinyl chloride resin, and a glass sheet containing glass fiber is placed on the surface of the backing layer, and further bonded to the surface with an adhesive primarily composed of vinyl chloride resin. In an ignition test of a flammable liquid in which an interior material having the above-described structure was placed on a slatted floor 11 as a floor material 12, an excellent flame retardant effect was confirmed.

[0028] (Third Example) The third embodiment of the surface layer 12A of the flooring material 12 uses P tiles (plastic tiles), which are flame-retardant plastics such as polyvinyl chloride resin formed into flat plates 2 mm to 4 mm thick. The material used should preferably have moderate oil repellency and oil permeability. If the oil repellency is too high, flammable liquid scattered on the tiles will not spread easily, resulting in a small spreading area and a high flame when ignited. On the other hand, if the oil permeability is too high, flammable liquid scattered on the tiles will spread easily, resulting in a large spreading area, resulting in a small amount of flammable liquid dropping through the through holes 12c and a large flame area.

[0029] When P tiles are used as the surface layer 12A of the flooring material 12, grid-like grooves connecting the through holes 12c may be formed on the surface of the tiles. This allows flammable liquids scattered on the surface to be quickly guided into the through holes 12c and dropped by the grooves, even if the tile material has low oil permeability. The presence of the grooves also prevents the flammable liquid from spreading too much. In addition to the grid-like grooves, grooves 12d may be formed along diagonal lines connecting the diagonal through holes 12c, as shown in Figure 5. Furthermore, the bottom of the groove may be formed so as to slope downward toward the through holes 12c. Furthermore, multiple grooves extending radially from the through-hole 12c may be formed on the surface of the tile, or a cone-shaped depression may be formed with the through-hole 12c at its center. The cone-shaped depression may be circular in plan view, or may be rectangular or polygonal in plan view. Furthermore, the grooves on the surface of the tile may be formed so that they are wider closer to the through-hole 12c and narrower further away.

[0030] 6(A) and (B) show examples of the structure of the slat 11. Of (A) and (B), (A) shows a slat with a general structure in which horizontal members 11A and vertical members 11B are arranged at a predetermined interval, while (B) shows a panel for an OA floor, which is another type of slat, and has legs 11D at predetermined intervals on the underside of an upper mounting portion 11C with many triangular holes to make it easier for flammable liquid to fall downward. For both the slats and OA floor panels in Figures 6(A) and (B), it is desirable that the height of the space below the slats (the height of the underside of the vertical member 11B or the underside of the upper mounting portion 11C) be 5 mm or more and 20 mm or less, and a more desirable height is around 10 mm. If the height is less than 5 mm, the flammable liquid that falls into the space below the slats 11 will fill up to the height of the space below, preventing smooth falling and causing the flammable liquid to remain on the surface of the floor material 12, which may increase the flame height. On the other hand, by limiting the height to 20 mm, it is possible to prevent a fire from breaking out from the through hole 12c. Even if flammable liquid falls into the space under the slats and ignites, the oxygen content is so low that it will soon be used up and the flames will be extinguished.

[0031] 6(A) is designed, like a typical slatted floor board, so that the spacing between the upper vertical members 11B is narrower than the spacing between the lower horizontal members 11A to prevent the floor material 12 placed on the surface from sinking. A narrower spacing between the vertical members 11B is better for supporting the weight of people walking on the floor and luggage, but a wider spacing is better for making it easier for flammable liquid to fall downward. In this embodiment, the width W of the vertical members 11B and the spacing D between the vertical members 11B are set to be approximately the same, or D is set to be slightly larger than W. 6(A) may be made of wood, metal, or flame-retardant resin. It is preferable to use wood that has been fire-resistant, for example, by applying a fire-resistant paint to the surface.

[0032] On the other hand, the material of the OA floor panel in Fig. 6(B) is preferably a flame-retardant resin from the viewpoints of manufacturability and cost. Also, the size of the triangular hole in the upper mounting portion 11C of the OA floor panel in Fig. 6(B) is 10 to 20 mm in both length and width. 6(B), mesh may be formed inside the triangular holes of the upper placement portion 11C. In this case, the thickness of the mesh is set to be thinner than the thickness of the lattice-shaped frame portion to make it easier for the flammable liquid to fall downward.

[0033] In the case of the slatted floor shown in FIG. 6A, the thickness of horizontal member 11A is set smaller than the thickness of vertical member 11B, but the thickness of horizontal member 11A may be set larger than the thickness of vertical member 11B. In other words, the spacing and thickness of horizontal member 11A and vertical member 11B are set so as to form a space below that has a predetermined load-bearing capacity and can store a certain amount of flammable liquid. In the case of the OA floor panel shown in FIG. 6B, the upper mounting portion 11C has a relatively small hole size (i.e., an open area ratio) and is strong, so the thickness of upper mounting portion 11C is set equal to or smaller than the height of leg portion 11D. However, if the hole size (open area ratio) of upper mounting portion 11C is larger than that shown in the figure, the thickness of upper mounting portion 11C may be set larger than the height of leg portion 11D.

[0034] Next, the effects of the floor structure of the above embodiment will be described with reference to Fig. 7. In Fig. 7, the surface on which the slats 11 are placed is the upper surface of the concrete floor of the building. As shown in Figure 7(A), when a slatted floor 11 is placed on the floor and gasoline G is sprinkled from above using a bucket or the like, a small amount of gasoline G remains on the surface floor material 12, as shown in Figure 7(B), but most of the gasoline falls onto the top surface of the concrete floor through the gaps between the floor material 12 and the slatted floor 11.

[0035] In this state, if a match is lit as shown in Figure 7(C), the gasoline remaining on the flooring 12 will catch fire, and as shown by the dotted line in Figure 7(D), a flame F will rise above the flooring 12. However, because there is only a small amount of gasoline remaining on the flooring 12, the flame will quickly weaken, and after that, it will only become a soft, flickering flame, as was confirmed through the experiment. After considering the cause of the above-mentioned phenomenon, the inventors concluded that although gasoline that falls onto the surface of a concrete floor vaporizes, it is blocked by the base layer 12B on the back side of the flooring 12 and does not come out onto the surface of the flooring 12, and that only a small amount of gasoline that vaporizes on the top surface of the slats 11 rises up through the through holes 12c in the flooring 12.

[0036] As described above, according to the floor structure of this embodiment, even if gasoline is sprinkled on the floor material 12 and ignited, the intensity of the resulting flames will quickly weaken. People feel fear when they see a large flame, but do not feel extreme fear when the flame is lower than waist height, so with a little courage, they can cross the burning carpet and take refuge. As a result, it is expected that many people will be able to escape from dangerous situations that could cost them their lives.

[0037] The inventors conducted an experiment in which an interior material using the woven fabric of the second embodiment was placed as floor material 12 on a concrete floor and the floor structure was placed on a slatted base 11 made of flame-retardant synthetic resin, the slatted base 11 having an opening ratio of approximately 35% in the upper placement portion 11C, a hollow ratio of the portion below the underside of the upper placement portion 11C (the ratio of the space other than the legs to the total volume of the lower portion) of approximately 50%, and an overall height of 10 mm with a lower space height of 5 mm.The inventors then conducted an experiment in which the inventors sprinkled approximately 2 liters of gasoline on the floor material 12 and ignited it.As a result, it was confirmed that there was an effective flame retardant effect in that the flame height did not exceed 1 meter.

[0038] Furthermore, if the void ratio of the space below the slats 11 is greater than 50%, it is expected that the same fireproofing effect can be obtained even if the height of the space below the slats 11 is less than 5 mm. Also, if metal slats are used instead of plastic slats, from the standpoint of strength, the thickness of the upper mounting portion, i.e., the height of the entire slats, can be made less than 10 mm, ensuring a height of 5 mm for the space below. Furthermore, if metal slats are used, the void ratio can be made greater than 50%, and by increasing the void ratio, the height of the space below the slats 11 can be made less than 5 mm.

[0039] The present invention has been described above based on an embodiment, but the present invention is not limited to the structure of the above embodiment. For example, in the above embodiment, it has been described that the base material layer 12B has through holes 12c formed therein in the same manner as the fiber layer 12A, but the base material layer 12B may have more through holes 12c formed therein than the fiber layer 12A.

[0040] In addition, in the above embodiment, in the OA floor panel of Figure 4 (B), a triangular hole is provided in the upper mounting portion 11C, but the shape of the hole in the upper mounting portion 11C is not limited to a triangle and can be any shape such as a polygon such as a square or a circle. In addition, in the above embodiment, the floor material 12, slats 11, and OA floor panels are shown formed in a rectangular shape, assuming application to a free access floor, but the floor structure of the present invention can also be applied to floors other than free access floors. [Explanation of symbols]

[0041] 10 Floor structure 11 Slatted floor 11A Cross member 11B Vertical member 11C Upper loading section 11D Legs 12 Flooring 12A Fiber layer 12B Base material layer 12c through hole

Claims

1. A multi-layered fire suppression floor structure with flooring on the upper layer and slats on the lower layer, The flooring material has a heat-resistant base layer bonded to the underside of an oil-permeable surface layer, a plurality of through holes having an opening area of ​​at least an area corresponding to a diameter of 2 mm when the hole is circular and no greater than an area corresponding to a diameter of 5 mm are formed in the surface layer and the base layer; At least the surface of the slats is made of a fire-resistant or flame-retardant material, and the height of the space below is 5 mm or more and 20 mm or less. This fire suppression floor structure is characterized by the following.

2. The fire suppression floor structure described in claim 1, characterized in that the surface layer of the floor material is made of a flame-retardant and oil-repellent carpet, and the carpet is bonded to the upper surface of the base layer with an adhesive.

3. The surface layer of the flooring material is made of plastic tiles formed into flat plates from flame-retardant synthetic resin, and the plastic tiles are bonded to the top surface of the base material layer with an adhesive; 2. The fire suppression floor structure according to claim 1, wherein the plastic tile has a surface formed with a plurality of grooves leading to the through-holes, thereby imparting oil permeability.

4. The fire suppression floor structure described in claim 1, characterized in that the surface layer of the floor material is made of a woven fabric woven with flame-retardant and oil-repellent threads, and the woven fabric is bonded to the upper surface of the base material layer with an adhesive.

5. A fire suppression floor structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the floor material and the slats are formed to have rectangular shapes of the same size, making it possible to form a free access floor.

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