Energy management apparatus, energy management system, and integrated management apparatus

Abstract

To provide an energy management device capable of controlling charging and discharging more suitable for an electric vehicle utilized for V2H or VPP.SOLUTION: An energy management device according to the present disclosure is an energy management device used in a power system to which at least a power storage device is electrically connected, and includes a local setting database that stores local setting data including data related to a charge / discharge target time at which a battery of the power storage device is to reach a predetermined charge amount, and a schedule calculation unit that calculates a charge plan value or a charge / discharge plan value from the power system to the battery based on the local setting data.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to an energy management device, an energy management system, and an integrated management device. [Background technology]

[0002] There is a movement (V2H: Vehicle to Home) to utilize electric vehicles (EVs) for self-consumption of renewable energy such as solar power generation, emergency power supply in the event of a disaster, peak shaving, etc., and the operation of virtual power plants (VPPs) that utilize electric vehicles to stabilize the power grid in V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything) is also progressing. Patent Document 1 discloses a technology in which, in a charging facility that charges multiple electric vehicles, optimization calculations are performed using linear programming with the time required for charging, etc. as an objective function, and a charging plan is created for each of the multiple electric vehicles based on time. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2023-137251 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] When using electric vehicles for V2H or VPP, the electric vehicles must be connected to a power grid. Furthermore, when charging an electric vehicle, there are various constraints, such as the amount of charge required the next time the electric vehicle is used, the amount of charge and discharge power, and the timing of charge and discharge. Therefore, it is necessary to operate and control charging and discharging while satisfying the user needs regarding the operation of electric vehicles and the various constraints when using the batteries installed in electric vehicles for V2H or VPP.

[0005] The present disclosure provides an energy management device that can perform more suitable control of charging and discharging, etc. for electric vehicles used in V2H and VPP. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] The energy management device according to the present disclosure is an energy management device used in a power system to which at least a power storage device is electrically connected, and includes a local setting database that stores local setting data including data regarding target charge / discharge times indicating the times when a battery of the power storage device should reach a predetermined charge amount, and a schedule calculation unit that calculates a planned charge amount value or a planned charge / discharge value for the battery from the power system based on the local setting data. [Effects of the Invention]

[0007] According to the energy management device according to the present disclosure, it is possible to perform more suitable control of charging and discharging, etc. for electric vehicles used in V2H and VPP. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0008] [Figure 1] 1 is a configuration diagram of a power system according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 2] 1 is a configuration diagram of a V2X system according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. [Figure 3] FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram showing a modified example of the V2X system according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 4] 1 is a block diagram showing a functional configuration of an energy management device according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 5] 1 is a block diagram showing a hardware configuration of an energy management device according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 6] 3A and 3B are diagrams for explaining setting of a charge amount and a charge / discharge value at a charge / discharge target time by the energy management device according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 7]FIG. 10 is a flow diagram for performing a process to check the feasibility of the required charge amount and required free capacity set for the target charge / discharge time in the direction going back in time from the target charge / discharge time in the energy management device according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 8] FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining a method for automatically correcting a setting in a local setting database in a direction that moves the time back from a target charge / discharge time when the setting is determined to be unrealizable in the energy management device according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 9] FIG. 10 is a flow diagram for performing a process of checking the feasibility of the required charge amount and required free capacity set for the target charge / discharge time in the direction of moving forward in time from the current time in the energy management device according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining a method for automatically correcting a setting in a local setting database in a direction that advances the time from the current time when it is determined that the setting is not feasible in the energy management device according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 11] FIG. 10 is a flow diagram of a process for confirming the feasibility of the required charge amount and the required free capacity after the target charge / discharge time in the energy management device according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 12] 3 is a diagram for explaining a charge amount reference value in the energy management device according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. [Figure 13] FIG. 3 is a flowchart of an optimization calculation process in cooperation with a higher-level system in the energy management device according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 14] FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining charge / discharge control in the energy management device according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 15] FIG. 10 is a configuration diagram of an energy management system according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 16] FIG. 10 is a configuration diagram of an integrated management device according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 17]10 is a graph for explaining an example of optimization calculation for the purpose of avoiding congestion by distributing charging, performed by an overall plan calculation unit of an integrated management device according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 18] 10 is a graph for explaining an example of optimization calculation for the purpose of avoiding surplus renewable energy power, performed by an overall plan calculation unit of an integrated management device according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 19] 10 is a graph for explaining an example of optimization calculation for the purpose of adjusting supply and demand and dealing with imbalances, etc., performed by an overall plan calculation unit of an integrated management device according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 20] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing parameters used in an all-machine allocation method executed in an integrated management device according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 21] FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining the priorities of evaluation indexes calculated by the integrated managing device according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 22] FIG. 10 is a configuration diagram of an energy management system according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure, including a host integrated management device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0009] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The following describes the preferred embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, the same components are designated by the same reference numerals, and redundant explanations may be omitted.

[0010] [First embodiment] <Configuration of power system PG> FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a power system PG according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure. The power system PG is a power network constructed by transmission and distribution lines L. As will be described later, the power system PG is electrically connected to at least storage batteries or stationary batteries mounted on vehicles such as electric vehicles and PHVs (Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles), which are power storage devices. The power system PG includes systems within consumer facilities such as apartment buildings, factories, and homes, as well as regional microgrids. Furthermore, if a consumer facility includes a distributed power source, the distributed power source is included in the power system PG. In the following, an electric vehicle will be used as an example of a power storage device.

[0011] The power transmission / distribution line L of the power system PG is a three-phase power transmission / distribution line for supplying power to each consumer, and extends downstream from the upstream transformer TR. The power transmission / distribution line L is a power line for supplying three-phase AC power of U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase from the transformer TR.

[0012] The transformer TR is connected to the transmission / distribution line L and transforms the voltage supplied from the transmission / distribution line L. The transformer TR is for three phases, but may also be for single phases. The transformer TR transforms, for example, the voltage on the primary side at a predetermined transformation ratio and outputs the transformed voltage from the secondary side.

[0013] 2 is a configuration diagram of a V2X system 1 according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure. The V2X system 1 is a system in which an electric vehicle (EV) 2 and a consumer 3 are connected, and which interchanges electricity between the electric vehicle 2 and the consumer 3, and between the electric vehicle 2 and a power grid PG, etc. The electric vehicle 2 and the consumer 3 are connected via an automobile-side connection device 24 and a consumer-side connection device 34. The electric vehicle 2 and the power grid PG are also connected via a transformer TR.

[0014] The electric vehicle 2 includes an energy management device 10, a battery unit 21, a power converter 22, a control device 23, and a vehicle-side connection device 24. In the following description, the electric vehicle 2 may be used as the subject to describe processing, but the control device 23 may be used as the subject of processing instead of the electric vehicle 2. In the following description, the charge amount and available capacity of the battery unit 21 may be described using the battery included in the battery unit 21 as the subject. In the following description, the "battery of the electric vehicle 2" may be simply referred to as the "battery."

[0015] The energy management device 10 acquires information about the charge amount from the battery unit 21. The energy management device 10 also acquires measured values ​​of power amount data from the watt-hour meter 31 and transmits charge / discharge command values ​​to the control device 23. The charge / discharge command values ​​are battery charge / discharge values ​​calculated based on a predetermined charge amount of the battery at a target charge / discharge time. Details of the energy management device 10 will be described later using FIG. 4 etc.

[0016] The battery unit 21 includes an on-board battery that is at least large enough to run the electric vehicle 2. The electricity stored in the battery can also be used as a power source by the consumer 3. Therefore, the battery unit 21 also functions as a power adjustment valve. The battery unit 21 transmits information about the charge amount to the energy management device 10.

[0017] The power converter 22 converts the power into an appropriate state so as to connect the battery unit 21 and the vehicle-side connection device 24. The power converter 22 may be an inverter that drives the traction motor of the electric vehicle, or a power conversion circuit that drives auxiliary equipment. The state conversion may be conversion between different voltage values ​​or conversion from AC to DC, etc. The power converter 22 acquires a charge / discharge control signal transmitted from the control device 23 based on the charge / discharge command value calculated by the energy management device 10. The power converter 22 also transmits measurement values ​​such as charge / discharge power on the battery side and the vehicle-side connection device side to the control device 23.

[0018] The control device 23 may be an ECU (Electronic Control Unit) that is a control unit. The control device 23 can control communication within the V2X system 1. The communication within the V2X system 1 can use a communication path such as a CAN (Car Area Network) or a PLC (Power Line Communication).

[0019] The control device 23 acquires the charge / discharge command value calculated by the energy management device 10, transmits a charge / discharge control signal to the power converter 22, and controls the power converter 22. The control device 23 also acquires from the power converter 22 measurement values ​​such as charge / discharge power on the battery side and the vehicle-side connection device side.

[0020] The energy management device 10 can be configured to be connectable to a terminal device (not shown) used by a user. In this case, the energy management device 10 can acquire data on the target charge / discharge time, which indicates the time when the battery of the electric vehicle 2 should reach a predetermined charge level, from the connected terminal device.

[0021] The vehicle-side connection device 24 is a device that connects the electric vehicle 2 and the consumer 3, and has contacts for transmitting and receiving power and for communication. Separate ports may be used for charging and discharging. The vehicle-side connection device 24 may also be equipped with sensors such as an ammeter, a voltmeter, and a thermometer.

[0022] The consumer 3 includes a watt-hour meter 31, a load 32, a power generation facility 33, a consumer-side connection device 34, a charger / discharger 35, etc. Note that the watt-hour meter 31, the load 32, and the power generation facility 33 do not necessarily have to be provided. The consumer 3 may be, for example, a facility such as a house, an office building, or a factory, but is not limited to these.

[0023] The watt-hour meter 31 measures the amount of power usage, which is the load or power generation amount of the consumer, at a predetermined interval. The watt-hour meter 31 transmits the measured value of power amount data to the energy management device 10. The watt-hour meter 31 includes a current sensor that measures current. The current sensor may be, for example, a magnetic sensor that measures an induced voltage induced by the flow of current.

[0024] The watt-hour meter 31 may be a so-called smart meter. If the watt-hour meter 31 is a so-called smart meter, it may have the functions of the energy management device 10 built-in.

[0025] The load 32 includes various loads that consume electric power at the consumer 3. The power generation facility 33 may be a renewable energy power generation facility such as a solar power generation facility. The power generation facility 33 may be, for example, a hydrogen power generation facility that generates electric power using hydrogen supplied from a hydrogen cartridge as an energy source and supplies the generated electric power to equipment, etc. The hydrogen power generation facility generates electric power using hydrogen supplied from a hydrogen cartridge as an energy source and supplies the generated electric power to equipment, etc.

[0026] The consumer-side connection device 34 is a device that connects the electric vehicle 2 and the consumer 3, and has contacts for transmitting and receiving power and for communication. Charging and discharging may be performed using separate ports. The consumer-side connection device 34 may also be equipped with sensors such as an ammeter, a voltmeter, and a thermometer.

[0027] The charger / discharger 35 is a device for supplying the electric power stored in the battery unit 21 of the electric vehicle 2 to the consumer 3, and is a device for realizing two-way exchange of electric power between the electric vehicle 2 and the consumer 3.

[0028] Fig. 3 is a configuration diagram showing a modified example of the V2X system 1 according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure. As in Fig. 2, the V2X system 1 is a system to which an electric vehicle 2 and a consumer 3 are connected, and which interchanges electricity between the electric vehicle 2 and the consumer 3, and between the electric vehicle 2 and the power grid PG, etc. Components that are the same as those already described are assigned the same reference numerals, and duplicated explanations will be omitted.

[0029] The electric vehicle 2 includes a battery unit 21, a power converter 22, a control device 23, and a vehicle-side connection device 24. The consumer 3 includes an energy management device 10, an electricity meter 31, a load 32, a power generation facility 33, a consumer-side connection device 34, and a charger / discharger 35.

[0030] 2, the V2X system 1 according to the modification is configured such that the energy management device 10 is provided in the consumer premises 3. Furthermore, the charger / discharger 35 of the consumer premises 3 is connected to the battery unit 21 of the electric vehicle 2.

[0031] The energy management device 10 acquires measured values ​​of power amount data from the watt-hour meter 31. The energy management device 10 acquires measured values ​​such as the charge amount of the battery from the charger / discharger 35. The energy management device 10 also transmits the calculated charge / discharge command value to the charger / discharger 35.

[0032] Furthermore, although not shown, the energy management device 10 may be provided at the consumer 3, and a consumer-side connection device 34 of the consumer 3 may be connected to the vehicle-side connection device 24 of the electric vehicle 2. In this case, the energy management device 10 may communicate with a control device 23 mounted on the electric vehicle 2, so that the energy management device 10 receives measurement values ​​from the control device 23, and the control device 23 receives charge / discharge command values. In this case, the control device 23 may transmit the charge amount and measurement values ​​of the battery unit 21 together to the energy management device 10.

[0033] 4 is a block diagram showing the functional configuration of the energy management device 10 according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure. The energy management device 10 includes a local setting database 11, a schedule calculation unit 12, a constraint database 13, a scheduling database 14, a charge / discharge command value calculation unit 15, a consistency check correction unit 16, and a host setting database 17. The functions of the energy management device 10 may be contained in a single device, or may be distributed among multiple devices.

[0034] The local setting database 11 stores local setting data including data related to the target charge / discharge time indicating the time when the battery of the electric vehicle 2 should reach a predetermined charge amount. The local setting data includes at least one of the following: the required charge amount of the battery at the target charge / discharge time, the required charge amount of the battery at any time, the maximum charge amount or required free capacity, a forced discharge value, a forced charge value, a maximum charge value, a maximum discharge value, a charge prohibition time, a discharge prohibition time, information on the electricity rate for charging the battery, and information on the amount of electricity used. The local setting data may also include a charge limit value, a discharge limit value, a forced charge time, a forced discharge time, and the power or current value of the battery. The required free capacity is expressed as the relationship: required free capacity = upper charge amount limit - maximum charge amount. The upper charge amount limit will be described in 0035.

[0035] The schedule calculation unit 12 calculates a planned charge amount value or a planned charge / discharge value from the power grid PG to the battery of the electric vehicle 2 based on the local setting data, the constraint data, and the higher-level setting data. The schedule calculation unit 12 registers the planned charge amount value or the planned charge / discharge value in the scheduling database 14.

[0036] The constraint database 13 stores constraint data including at least one of an equipment protection constraint based on the performance and state of the battery, a charge amount upper limit that is an upper limit of the charge amount to be charged to the battery, a charge amount lower limit that is a lower limit, an upper charge value upper limit, and an upper discharge value upper limit of the battery. The schedule calculation unit 12 calculates a charge amount plan value or a charge / discharge plan value for the battery of the electric vehicle 2 from the power grid PG based on the local setting data and the constraint data.

[0037] The scheduling database 14 stores the charge amount from the power grid PG to the battery of the electric vehicle 2, the discharge amount from the battery of the electric vehicle 2, a charging schedule for the battery of the electric vehicle 2, and a discharging schedule for the battery of the electric vehicle 2.

[0038] The charge / discharge command value calculation unit 15 calculates a charge / discharge command value for the power converter 22 or the charger / discharger 35 that charges or discharges the battery, based on a predetermined charge amount of the battery at the target charge / discharge time.

[0039] The consistency check correction unit 16 calculates and corrects at least one of the required charge amount, maximum charge amount or required free capacity, and maximum charge / discharge value of the battery of the electric vehicle 2 according to the set value of the maximum charge / discharge value of the battery at a time before the target charge / discharge time.

[0040] The consistency check correction unit 16 calculates and corrects at least one of the required charge amount and the maximum charge amount of the battery at a target charge / discharge time, which is a time in the future from the current time, based on the charge amount of the battery at the current time and the maximum charge / discharge value of the battery. The consistency check correction unit 16 transmits the check result and correction data to the schedule calculation unit 12.

[0041] The schedule calculation unit 12 calculates a charge amount plan value or a charge / discharge plan value for the battery of the electric vehicle 2 and an evaluation value of the objective function based on an objective function formulated so as to achieve at least a predetermined charge amount of the battery set in the local setting data.

[0042] When multiple optimal solutions are obtained for the charge amount plan value or charge / discharge plan value for the battery of the electric vehicle 2, that is, when multiple best evaluation values ​​of the objective function are obtained, the schedule calculation unit 12 determines the charge amount plan value or charge / discharge plan value according to at least one extraction condition among minimizing the charge / discharge amount of the battery, maximizing the charge / discharge margin of the battery, and minimizing the time it takes for the battery to reach a predetermined charge amount. The schedule calculation unit 12 transmits the determined charge amount plan value or charge / discharge plan value data to the scheduling database 14 and stores it.

[0043] The objective function includes at least one parameter of a power selling cost coefficient for selling power in the power grid PG and a power purchasing cost coefficient for purchasing power. The objective function includes parameters of the amount of power charged to the battery at a predetermined charge amount or more at the target charge / discharge time, and the higher of the power selling price and the power purchasing price for a predetermined period.

[0044] The upper setting database 17 acquires and stores upper setting data from a higher-level system (not shown), including data relating to the battery state, such as an arbitrary time of the electric vehicle 2 and the charge amount that is desirable to be met at that time. The schedule calculation unit 12 calculates a charge amount plan value or a charge / discharge plan value for the battery based on the setting data from the local setting database 11 and the upper setting database 17.

[0045] The upper setting database 17 includes at least one of a charge amount reference value, a charge / discharge reference value calculated based on the amount of change in the charge amount reference value per predetermined time, and constraint data set in the upper system.

[0046] 5 is a block diagram showing a hardware configuration of the energy management device 10 according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure. The energy management device 10 includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 51, a ROM (Read Only Memory) 52, a RAM (Random Access Memory) 53, an HDD (Hard Disk Drive) 54, and an input / output I / F (Interface) 55. These are electrically connected to each other via a bus 56.

[0047] The CPU 51 controls the operation of the energy management device 10. The ROM 52 stores programs and the like executed by the CPU 51. The RAM 53 is used as a work area for the CPU 51. The HDD 54 stores various data such as programs. The input / output I / F 55 is an interface for inputting and outputting various signals and data to and from external devices.

[0048] 6 is a diagram for explaining setting of the charge / discharge amount at the target charge / discharge time by the energy management device 10 according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure. In FIG. 6, (a) shows the charge amount at each time point, and (b) shows the charge / discharge value at each time point.

[0049] In the illustrated example, the current time is set to 0:00, and the target charge / discharge time is set to 8:00. Furthermore, the period from 1:00 to 2:00 is set as the discharge prohibited time, the period from 2:00 to 3:00 is set as the forced discharge time, the period from 4:00 to 5:00 is set as the charge prohibited time, the period from 5:00 to 6:00 is set as the forced charge time, and the period from 8:00 to 10:00 is set as the discharge prohibited time assuming use of the electric vehicle 2.

[0050] In the graph of Figure 6(a), the horizontal axis represents time and the vertical axis represents charge amount. As shown in the figure, an upper limit is set for the battery charge amount. The required charge amount and required free capacity are set at 8:00, which is the target charge / discharge time. At 2:00, the required charge amount calculated based on the discharge power required for forced discharge is set. At 5:00, the required free capacity calculated based on the charge power required for forced charging is set. At 7:00, the required charge amount is set as a guideline.

[0051] The graph in Figure 6(b) shows the time series changes in the maximum charge value and maximum discharge value, with the horizontal axis representing time and the vertical axis representing charge and discharge values. As shown in the figure, upper limits for the charge value and discharge value are set for the battery. As shown in the figure, it is preferable to set the charge value below the upper limit for the charge value. It is also preferable to set the discharge value below the upper limit for the discharge value.

[0052] Also, as shown in FIG. 6(b), the maximum discharge value is set to 0 during the discharge prohibition time, and the maximum charge value is set to 0 during the charge prohibition time.

[0053] Here, we will explain how to register information in the local setting database 11. Using the energy management device 10, the user registers the target charge / discharge time and the required charge amount at that time for a resource, which is the battery of the electric vehicle 2, in the local setting database 11. The resource is a battery whose charge / discharge amount can be adjusted using power from the power grid PG. The resource can also be a load 32 that only consumes power or a power generation facility 33 that only generates power.

[0054] The contents registered in the local setting database 11 may be past performance values ​​or may be set automatically using a function such as a scheduler. The contents registered in the local setting database 11 may be changeable, or the set values ​​may be fixed. Fixing the set values ​​means, for example, operating with fixed settings such as always fully charging or only fully charging on weekdays.

[0055] Furthermore, registration in the local setting database 11 may be performed based on, for example, the scheduled departure time and destination of the electric vehicle 2 in cooperation with a scheduler of the terminal device or a vehicle operation system such as a rental car.

[0056] The target charge / discharge time may be, but is not limited to, the time when the electric vehicle 2 will be used next. Alternatively, multiple target charge / discharge times may be set, and the required charge amount for each target charge / discharge time may be set. The required charge amount is set within the scope of the specifications of the battery and other devices, as well as contractual and other constraints.

[0057] In the following, the priority of the setting conditions is used. If there is a contradiction in the setting conditions, the setting with the higher priority is registered first. The priority of the setting of the required charge amount at the target charge / discharge time is "medium." In other words, the priority of "medium" means that the setting of the required charge amount at the target charge / discharge time is excluded if it is a value outside the constraint range.

[0058] The required free capacity and the required charge amount may be set at the same target charge / discharge time. In this case, the required free capacity is equal to or less than the difference between the upper charge amount limit and the required charge amount. If the required free capacity is not set, the required free capacity may be set to 0. The priority of setting the required free capacity may be the same as that of the required charge amount.

[0059] The user may register maximum charge / discharge values ​​in the local setting database 11. The maximum charge / discharge values ​​can be set as power values ​​or current values ​​for charging and discharging the battery of the electric vehicle 2. The user may set the maximum charge / discharge values ​​based on the start time of charging / discharging the battery and the duration of charging / discharging, or may set the maximum charge / discharge values ​​using a table and a function that indicate the maximum charge / discharge values ​​and the target charging / discharging times.

[0060] The maximum charge / discharge value may be a fixed value that is fixed for a certain period of time, or may be a variable value. The maximum charge / discharge value may be set in multiple ways, and may be fixed or variable for a certain period of time. The maximum charge / discharge value may be set automatically based on the past usage history of the electric vehicle 2. The maximum charge / discharge value may also be set based on, for example, the scheduled departure time and destination of the electric vehicle 2 in cooperation with a scheduler in the terminal device or a vehicle operation system such as a rental car.

[0061] The maximum charge value and maximum discharge value may be set at the same target charge / discharge time. In this case, if charge is positive and discharge is negative, the maximum charge value will be equal to or greater than the maximum discharge value. The maximum charge value and maximum discharge value are set within the scope of restrictions imposed by the specifications of the device, such as the battery, and contracts. If the maximum charge value and maximum discharge value are not specified, they can be set in advance as, for example, upper charge value limits and upper discharge value limits.

[0062] In addition, the maximum charge value and maximum discharge value must be within the range of restrictions (upper limit of charge value and upper limit of discharge value) of the device, contract, etc. If not specified, they will be set to predetermined values ​​(usually upper limit of charge value and upper limit of discharge value). Note that the setting conditions for the maximum charge value and maximum discharge value may have a low priority.

[0063] The maximum charge / discharge value may be set based on the charge prohibition time, the discharge prohibition time, and the charge / discharge prohibition time. For the charge prohibition time, the maximum charge value can be set to 0, for the discharge prohibition time, the maximum discharge value can be set to 0, and for the charge / discharge prohibition time, both the maximum charge value and the maximum discharge value can be set to 0. For example, the discharge prohibition time can be set after the target charge / discharge time, and the charge / discharge prohibition time can be set during the time when the electric vehicle 2 is being driven or is likely to be driven.

[0064] The charging prohibition time can be set to, for example, a time period when electricity rates are high. The discharging prohibition time can be set to, for example, a time period when electricity rates are low. These may be set automatically based on contract information related to electricity rates, past electricity rate results, current electricity rate information, and electricity rate forecast information. The charging prohibition time can be set to, for example, a time period when electricity usage is high, and the discharging prohibition time can be set to, for example, a time period when electricity usage is low, and these may be set automatically based on past electricity usage results, current electricity usage information, and electricity usage forecast information.

[0065] The charge / discharge prohibition time can be used to set whether to turn on or off battery charge / discharge. When various prohibition times for charge / discharge, etc. are set from a higher-level system (not shown), the charge prohibition time and discharge prohibition time set in the energy management device 10 are set according to other conditions. The setting conditions for the charge prohibition time may have a high priority. In other words, instructions from other devices and users regarding the charge prohibition time are not accepted.

[0066] The user may set a forced charge / discharge value in the energy management device 10. The forced charge / discharge value is set based on the power value or current value of charging or discharging the battery. The forced charge / discharge value may be set based on the start time and duration of the forced charge / discharge, or may be set using a table and function that indicate the forced charge / discharge value and the target charge / discharge time.

[0067] The forced charge / discharge value may be set to a fixed value for a certain period of time, or may be variable. Furthermore, the forced charge / discharge value may be set multiple times, fixed at a fixed time, or changeable, as long as the time periods do not overlap. The forced charge / discharge value may be set automatically based on the past usage history of the electric vehicle 2. Furthermore, the forced charge / discharge value may be set based on, for example, the scheduled departure time and destination of the electric vehicle 2, in cooperation with a scheduler in the terminal device or a vehicle operation system such as a rental car. However, forced charging and forced discharging cannot be performed in the same time period. Furthermore, the forced charge / discharge value must be within the range of restrictions (upper limit of charge value and upper limit of discharge value) of the equipment, contract, etc.

[0068] When a forced charge / discharge value is set from a higher-level system (not shown), the forced charge / discharge value set in the energy management device 10 takes priority. In other words, the setting condition for the forced charge / discharge value may have a higher priority. Furthermore, when a forced charge / discharge value is set, the forced charge / discharge value, the maximum charge value, and the maximum discharge value are set to be equal during that period.

[0069] The user can set electricity rate information such as contract information related to electricity rates, past electricity rate results, current electricity rate information, and electricity rate forecast information in the energy management device 10. The user can also set electricity usage information such as past electricity usage results, current electricity usage information, and electricity usage forecast information in the energy management device 10. The electricity usage information can be further divided into electricity load information such as past electricity load results, current electricity load information, and electricity load forecast information, and power generation information such as past power generation results, current power generation information, and power generation forecast information.

[0070] The following explains how to calculate the required charge amount and required free capacity based on the forced charge / discharge values. The required charge amount for discharging during a period in which forced discharge values ​​are continuously set is calculated based on the forced discharge values ​​for that period. The calculated charge amount is then set as the required charge amount at the start time of that period, i.e., the time when forced discharge begins.

[0071] The free capacity required for discharging during the period in which the forced charging value is continuously set is calculated based on the forced charging value during that period, and the calculated free capacity is set as the free capacity required at the start time of that period, i.e., the time when forced discharging starts.

[0072] FIG. 7 is a flow diagram for a case in which the energy management device 10 according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure performs a process of checking the feasibility of the required charge amount and required free capacity set for the target charge / discharge time in the direction going back in time from the target charge / discharge time.

[0073] The consistency check correction unit 16 checks whether the settings made by the user in the local setting database 11 are feasible. If it is determined that the settings are not feasible, the consistency check correction unit 16 may notify the user of this fact. The notification may be by voice or by display.

[0074] When the consistency check correction unit 16 determines that the settings in the local setting database 11 are not feasible, it may automatically correct the settings and notify the user of the correction.

[0075] 7, first, the consistency check correction unit 16 sets the required charge amount at the target charge / discharge time to the tentative required charge amount at the current time, and sets the required free space at the target charge / discharge time to the tentative required free space at the current time. If the free space at the target charge / discharge time is not set, the upper limit of the charge amount is set to the tentative required free space at the current time (S101).

[0076] Next, the consistency check correction unit 16 determines the next tentative required charge amount by subtracting the maximum charge / discharge value of the battery at a time before the target charge / discharge time from the tentative required charge amount at the current time, which is calculated by multiplying the maximum charge / discharge value of the battery at a time before the target charge / discharge time by the system unit time Δt. However, the next tentative required charge amount is limited by a charge amount range (S102). The charge amount range is defined as the upper charge amount minus the lower charge amount.

[0077] If the required charge amount is set at a time earlier than the target charge / discharge time (YES in S103), the consistency check correction unit 16 sets the maximum value of the next tentative required charge amount and the required charge amount (S104). If the required charge amount is not set at a time earlier than the target charge / discharge time (NO in S103), the process proceeds to S105.

[0078] In S105, the consistency check correction unit 16 sets the next tentative required free space to a value obtained by subtracting the maximum charge / discharge value multiplied by the system unit time Δt from the tentative required free space at the current time. However, the next tentative required free space is limited by the charge amount range (S105).

[0079] If a required free space is set at a time earlier than the target charge / discharge time (YES in S106), the consistency check correction unit 16 sets the maximum value of the next tentative required free space and the required free space (S107). If a required free space is not set at a time earlier than the target charge / discharge time (NO in S106), the process proceeds to S108.

[0080] If the sum of the next tentative required charge amount and the next tentative required free space is greater than the charge amount range (YES in S108), the consistency check correction unit 16 limits the next tentative required free space to a value obtained by subtracting the next tentative required charge amount from the charge amount range (S109).If the sum of the next tentative required charge amount and the next tentative required free space is equal to or less than the charge amount range (NO in S108), the consistency check correction unit 16 outputs or saves the tentative required charge amount and the tentative required free space.

[0081] If the tentative required charge amount and tentative required free space are equal to the tentative required charge amount and tentative required free space at the current time (YES in S111), the processing is completed. If the tentative required charge amount and tentative required free space are not equal to the tentative required charge amount and tentative required free space at the current time (NO in S111), the consistency check correction unit 16 sets the next tentative required charge amount to the current tentative required charge amount, or sets the next tentative required free space to the current tentative required free space (S112), and returns to the processing of S102.

[0082] In the above process, the required charge amount and required free space are calculated using the set maximum charge / discharge value in the direction moving backward from the target charge / discharge time, and the minimum required charge amount and required free space for reaching the required charge amount and required free space set at the target charge / discharge time or at other times are calculated over time. If the required charge amount and required free space set for the target charge / discharge time cannot be achieved, the consistency check correction unit 16 prioritizes the required charge amount from the perspective of ensuring the charge amount of the battery of the electric vehicle 2, and can reduce the required free space as necessary.

[0083] 8 is a diagram for explaining a method for automatically correcting the setting in the local setting database 11 in the direction of moving the time back from the target charge / discharge time when it is determined that the setting in the local setting database 11 is not feasible in the energy management device 10 according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure. In the graph shown in the figure, the horizontal axis represents time and the vertical axis represents the charge amount.

[0084] In Figure 8, the required charge amount and required free space are corrected in the order of (a) to (d). Figure 8(a) shows the charge amount at the current time and the required charge amount and required free space at each time. As shown in Figure 8(b), the consistency check correction unit 16 calculates the tentative required charge amount and tentative required free space of the battery when it is charged and discharged at the maximum charge value and maximum discharge value, going back in time from the required charge amount and required free space set at the target charge / discharge time (A in the figure). Note that if the required free space is not set at the target charge / discharge time, the consistency check correction unit 16 calculates the required free space as 0.

[0085] Then, in the process of calculating the battery's provisional required charge amount and provisional required free space, if the upper or lower limit of the charge amount is reached, the value is limited by that value (B in the figure). Specifically, if the consistency check correction unit 16 sets the lower limit of the charge amount to 0 and the charge amount range to the upper limit of the charge amount - the lower limit of the charge amount, then the relationship is 0≦provisional required charge amount≦charge amount range. Regarding the required free space, if the upper limit of the charge amount is set to 0, then the relationship is 0≦provisional required free space≦charge amount range.

[0086] If, during the calculation process, there is an item other than the target charging / discharging time for which a required charge amount or required free space is set, the consistency check correction unit 16 compares the tentative required charge amount or tentative required free space calculated above with the set required charge amount or required free space, and adopts the larger of the two (C in the figure).

[0087] As shown in Fig. 8(c), if the tentative required charge amount and the tentative required free space overlap during the calculation process (tentative required charge amount + tentative required free space > charge amount range), the consistency check correction unit 16 limits the tentative required free space to a range of values ​​obtained by subtracting the tentative required charge amount from the charge amount range (D in the figure). As shown in Fig. 8(d), when the calculation process up to the current time is completed, the tentative required charge amount and tentative required free space are confirmed (E in the figure).

[0088] In the above example, the consistency check correction unit 16 calculated the tentative required charge amount and tentative required free space of the battery when it is charged and discharged at the maximum charge value and maximum discharge value, moving backward in time from the required charge amount and required free space set at the target charge / discharge time. Hereinafter, the consistency check correction unit 16 calculates the required charge amount and required free space that can be achieved with the maximum charge / discharge value set at the target charge / discharge time, moving forward in time from the current charge amount measurement value (required charge amount). This calculation method determines the possible ranges of the required charge amount and required free space while ensuring the set required charge amount and required free space as much as possible.

[0089] If the required charge amount set at the target charge / discharge time is not reached, it can be said that the required charge amount set at the target charge / discharge time is unreasonable. However, since the target charge / discharge time is not necessarily the time when the electric vehicle 2 will be used, the consistency check correction unit 16 can continue calculations even after the target charge / discharge time until the required charge amount set is reached.

[0090] 9 is a flow diagram of a process performed in the energy management device 10 according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure to check the feasibility of achieving the required charge amount and required free capacity set for the target charge / discharge time, moving forward in time from the current time. The process flow shown in FIG. 9 is performed following the process flow shown in FIG.

[0091] The consistency check correction unit 16 sets the charge amount at the current time to the current required charge amount, and sets the required available capacity at the current time to a value obtained by subtracting the required charge amount at the current time from the charge amount range (S201).If the tentative required charge amount and tentative required available capacity at the current time have two values ​​at the same time, that is, if a step change occurs, the consistency check correction unit 16 selects the tentative required charge amount or tentative required available capacity in the future direction from the current time (S202).

[0092] The consistency check correction unit 16 sets an arbitrary time in the future from the current time (S203). If the required charge amount at the current time is less than the tentative required charge amount, the process proceeds to S205. If the required charge amount at the current time exceeds the tentative maximum charge amount, the process proceeds to S208. Otherwise, the process proceeds to S210 (S204).

[0093] If the current required charge amount is less than the tentative required charge amount, the consistency check correction unit 16 determines the next required free space as the current required free space minus the maximum charge value multiplied by the system unit time Δt. However, the next required free space is limited by the charge amount range or the next tentative required free space (S205). The consistency check correction unit 16 determines the next required charge amount as the charge amount range minus the next required free space (S206). The consistency check correction unit 16 outputs or saves the required charge amount and required free space (S207).

[0094] If the required charge amount at the current time exceeds the tentative maximum charge amount, the consistency check correction unit 16 sets the next required charge amount to the required charge amount at the current time minus the maximum discharge value multiplied by the system unit time Δt. However, the next required charge amount is limited by the charge amount range or the next tentative required charge amount (S208). The consistency check correction unit 16 sets the next required free space to the required charge amount at the current time minus the charge amount range (S209). The consistency check correction unit 16 outputs or saves the required charge amount and required free space (S207).

[0095] If the required charge amount at the current time is equal to or greater than the tentative required charge amount and equal to or less than the tentative maximum charge amount, the consistency check correction unit 16 sets the next required charge amount to the required charge amount at the current time minus the value obtained by multiplying the maximum discharge value by the system unit time Δt. However, the next required charge amount is limited by the charge amount range or the next tentative required charge amount (S210). The consistency check correction unit 16 sets the next required free space to the required free space at the current time minus the value obtained by multiplying the maximum discharge value by the system unit time Δt. However, the next required free space is limited by the charge amount range or the next tentative required free space (S211). The consistency check correction unit 16 outputs or saves the required charge amount and required free space (S207).

[0096] If the target charge / discharge time has been reached (YES in S212), the consistency check correction unit 16 completes the process. If the target charge / discharge time has not been reached (NO in S212), the consistency check correction unit 16 sets the next required charge amount to the required charge amount at the current time, or sets the next required free space to the current required free space (S213).

[0097] According to the process shown in FIG. 9, while respecting the user settings to the greatest extent possible, for points that are determined to be impossible to achieve, the settings can be automatically corrected in the direction of advancing the time from the current time in accordance with the priority concept shown below, and a feasible solution can be derived in the calculation of the next planned value.

[0098] The priority for correcting user settings is as follows: first, device protection constraints based on the battery's performance and status, then settings related to prohibiting charging and discharging, and then settings related to forced charging and discharging. However, there are cases where the settings related to forced charging and discharging must be changed due to insufficient charge or available capacity. The priority of forced charging may be lower than that of forced discharging. The consistency check correction unit 16 can prioritize the required charge amount when the electric vehicle 2 is next used, other required charge amount, and required available capacity in that order. The maximum discharge value is given a higher priority than the maximum charge value.

[0099] Fig. 10 is a diagram for explaining a method for automatically correcting a setting in the local setting database 11 in the energy management device 10 according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure by moving the time forward from the current time when it is determined that the setting is not feasible. In Fig. 10, the required charge amount and required free capacity are corrected in the order of (a) to (d). Fig. 10(a) shows time series changes in the tentative required free capacity and tentative required charge amount calculated based on the required charge amount and required free capacity set at the target charge / discharge time.

[0100] As shown in Figure 10(b), the consistency check correction unit 16 calculates the required charge amount or required free capacity when charging and discharging at the maximum charge value or maximum discharge value in the direction of time, starting from the charge amount at the current time (F in the figure).

[0101] If the calculated required charge amount or required free space reaches the tentative required charge amount or tentative required free space, the consistency check correction unit 16 limits the required charge amount or required free space by that value. Similarly, if the calculated required charge amount or required free space reaches the upper or lower limit of the charge amount, the consistency check correction unit 16 limits it by that value (G in the figure).

[0102] If the required charge amount or required free capacity at a given time falls outside the range from the tentative required charge amount curve to the tentative maximum charge amount curve, the consistency check correction unit 16 calculates the required charge amount or required free capacity when charging or discharging at the maximum charge value or maximum discharge value in the direction of time, starting from the charge amount at that time. As shown in Figure 10(c), the consistency check correction unit 16 adopts the calculated required charge amount or required free capacity that is closer to the range from the tentative required charge amount curve to the tentative maximum charge amount curve, and sets that value as the required charge amount or required free capacity (H in the figure).

[0103] By using the above method, the required charge amount and required free capacity from the current time to the target charge / discharge time are calculated as shown in Figure 10(d). The calculated required charge amount and required free capacity are shown in Figure 10(e).

[0104] In addition, if the required charge amount and required free capacity at any time are outside the range from the tentative required charge amount curve to the tentative maximum charge amount curve, the consistency check correction unit 16 may relax the maximum charge value and maximum discharge value for that period to the upper charge value limit and the upper discharge value limit.

[0105] If the required charge amount set at the target charge / discharge time is not reached, the consistency check correction unit 16 may increase the maximum charge value to the upper charge value limit, or may limit the maximum discharge value to a value lower than the set value and perform the above calculation process again. Also, the consistency check correction unit 16 may continue the calculation process even after the target charge / discharge time until the required charge amount set is reached.

[0106] If the consistency check correction unit 16 terminates the calculation process, it can hold the required charge amount at that value. Similarly, after the target charge / discharge time, the consistency check correction unit 16 may continue the calculation process until the calculated required free space reaches the set required free space. If the consistency check correction unit 16 terminates the calculation process, it can hold the required free space at that value.

[0107] 11 is a flow diagram of a process for confirming the feasibility of the required charge amount and the required free capacity after the target charge / discharge time in the energy management device 10 according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure. The process flow shown in FIG. 11 is performed subsequent to the process flow shown in FIG.

[0108] First, if the required charge amount at the target charge / discharge time is equal to or less than the required charge amount set by the user (YES in S301), the consistency check correction unit 16 sets the next required charge amount to the required charge amount at the current time plus the maximum charge value multiplied by the system's unit time Δt. However, the next required charge amount is limited by the charge amount range or the required charge amount at the target charge / discharge time set by the user (S302). If the required charge amount at the target charge / discharge time exceeds the required charge amount set by the user (NO in S301), the process proceeds to S303.

[0109] Next, if the required free space at the target charge / discharge time is less than or equal to the required free space set by the user (YES in S303), the consistency check correction unit 16 sets the next required free space to the required free space at the current time plus the maximum discharge value multiplied by the system's unit time Δt. However, the next required free space is limited by the charge amount range or the required free space at the target charge / discharge time set by the user (S304). If the required free space at the target charge / discharge time exceeds the required free space set by the user (NO in S303), the process proceeds to S305.

[0110] If the required charge amount and required free space are equal to or greater than the required charge amount and required free space set by the user, or if any specified time after the target charge / discharge time has arrived (YES in S305), the consistency check correction unit 16 completes the process. If the result in S305 is NO, the consistency check correction unit 16 sets the next required charge amount to the current required charge amount, sets the next required free space to the current required free space, sets the next timing in the direction advancing from the target charge / discharge time (S306), and returns to the process of S301.

[0111] The process performed by the schedule calculation unit 12 will be described below. The schedule calculation unit 12 sets a constraint that the charge amount must be equal to or greater than the required amount at least at the target charge / discharge time, and sets the maximization of the electricity sales income or the minimization of the electricity rate as an objective function. Then, the schedule calculation unit 12 calculates the charge / discharge plan value B(t) by optimization calculation. The schedule calculation unit 12 may calculate a charge amount plan value R(t) which is an integral value of the charge / discharge plan value, and the energy management device 10 may charge / discharge based on the calculation result. Note that the method of optimization calculation performed by the schedule calculation unit 12 is not limited to these.

[0112] The schedule calculation unit 12 may use parameters of the battery's maximum discharge value, maximum charge value, required charge amount, maximum charge amount, charge prohibition time, and discharge prohibition time as constraint conditions. The maximum charge amount is a value obtained by subtracting the required free capacity from the charge amount upper limit. In the following explanation, the maximum charge amount is used instead of the required free capacity. Furthermore, if there is no solution for the charge / discharge plan value B(t) or the charge amount plan value R(t), the schedule calculation unit 12 may delete the parameters of the constraint conditions and add a penalty term to the objective function to perform recalculation.

[0113] When forced charging / discharging is set, the schedule calculation unit 12 sets the set forced charging / discharging value as the charge / discharge plan value B(t) for the forced charging / discharging period. Furthermore, when the setting for the objective function is the electricity rate that maximizes the revenue from selling electricity, the schedule calculation unit 12 calculates a charge / discharge plan that maximizes the integral value from the current time to the set timing based on various constraint conditions.

[0114] When the objective function is set to minimize the electricity fee, the schedule calculation unit 12 calculates a charge / discharge plan that minimizes the integral value from the current time to the set timing based on various constraints. The following describes the case of maximizing the income from selling electricity. Note that the charge / discharge plan value B(t) is assumed to be a positive value here.

[0115] Charging amount plan value R(t)=∫B(t)·dt

[0116] The generated power is represented by G(t), and the power value at the time of power generation is a positive value. The load power consumption is represented by L(t), and the power consumed is a positive value. Note that predicted values ​​can be used to calculate the planned values ​​for the generated power G(t) and the load power consumption L(t). For the values ​​from the present time to the set timing, predicted values ​​are used except for the charge / discharge plan value B(t), which is a decision variable. Predicted values ​​may be calculated based on past actual values, and the current value may be based on the measured value at the current time.

[0117] Here, if the interconnection point power is P(t), P(t) can be expressed by the following formula. Note that reverse power flow is a positive value. G(t)-L(t) can be treated as electricity usage information.

[0118] P(t)=-B(t)+{G(t)-L(t)}

[0119] Here, we will explain the objective function. If the cost coefficient is C(t) and the objective function is F, then C(t) and F can be expressed by the following equations. Note that Cs(t) is the electricity selling cost coefficient and Cb(t) is the electricity purchasing cost coefficient, and these are calculated by converting the unit price of electricity (Wh) per hour into unit price per power (W) for time increments such as generated power G(t) and load power consumption L(t). Note that the integration period in calculating the objective function is from the present time to the set timing.

[0120] C(t)=Cs(t) or Cb(t) F=∫C(t) P(t) dt

[0121] Depending on the contract type and use case, a term related to charging incentives may be added to the constraints and objective function. In this case, a term Csoc·BWh_over is added to the objective function.

[0122] Note that Csoc is the higher of the calculation period average of the electricity selling cost coefficient Cs(t) converted to a unit price per electric energy (Wh), or the calculation period average of the electricity purchasing cost coefficient Cb(t) converted to a unit price per electric energy (Wh). By using the higher of the two, charging is incentivized regardless of whether the electricity selling price or the electricity purchasing price is higher. Also, by taking the calculation period average, charging at a lower price is more highly valued.

[0123] BWh_over is the charge amount that exceeds the required charge amount in the SOC at the scheduled time of use of the electric vehicle 2, that is, at the set calculation end time after the target charge / discharge time.

[0124] If the required charge amount is considered to be "the minimum charge amount required the next time electric vehicle 2 is driven," it is considered better to charge extra if possible, taking into account unforeseen circumstances. Therefore, a term is set to evaluate the charge amount that exceeds the required charge amount among the charge amount at the set calculation end time after the target charge / discharge time. Without this term, charging would increase costs and there would be no incentive.

[0125] Depending on the contract type and use case, a term related to peak shaving may be added to the constraints and objective function. In this case, the schedule calculation unit 12 sets a demand threshold equal to or less than the contract capacity and sets a constraint that the interconnection point power P(t) must be equal to or less than the demand threshold. Alternatively, a penalty term for when the interconnection point power P(t) exceeds the demand threshold is added to the objective function. Measures to address these constraints include, for example, suppressing discharge from the battery of the electric vehicle 2 and reducing power consumption.

[0126] Depending on the contract type and use case, terms related to arbitrage and self-consumption may be added to the constraints and objective function. In the optimization calculation process, the schedule calculation unit 12 promotes arbitrage when the electricity selling price exceeds the electricity purchasing price, and promotes self-consumption when the electricity purchasing price exceeds the electricity selling price, so these are not included in the formulation. Note that the schedule calculation unit 12 performs the optimization calculation again when it acquires actual values ​​or changes the coefficients.

[0127] When a Pareto-optimal solution set is obtained, the schedule calculation unit 12 may add conditions such as minimizing the charge / discharge amount, maximizing the charge / discharge margin, and minimizing the time it takes to reach the required charge amount, or may combine these conditions, in order to determine the preferred solution.

[0128] For example, in order to minimize the charge / discharge amount of the battery, the schedule calculation unit 12 calculates the integral of the absolute value of the charge / discharge plan value B(t) or the integral of the squared value of the charge / discharge plan value B(t), and adds it to the objective function as a negative penalty term if the objective function is to maximize, or as a positive penalty term if the objective function is to minimize.

[0129] Furthermore, for example, in order to maximize the charge / discharge margin of the battery, the schedule calculation unit 12 determines the average charge amount by the following formula, taking the center line between the required charge amount and the maximum charge amount.

[0130] Average charge amount = (maximum charge amount + required charge amount) / 2

[0131] At this time, the schedule calculation unit 12 calculates the charge amount plan value R(t) based on the integration of the charge / discharge plan value B(t) using the following formula with K as a weighting coefficient. The schedule calculation unit 12 adds a negative penalty term to the objective function when the objective function is maximization, and a positive penalty term when the objective function is minimization. The integration period is from the current time to the set timing.

[0132] K∫|Average charging amount - planned charging amount|·dt

[0133] Alternatively, the schedule calculation unit 12 may differentiate the average charge amount to obtain the average charge / discharge value, and calculate it using the following formula with K as a weighting coefficient. The schedule calculation unit 12 adds a negative penalty term to the objective function when the objective function is maximization, and a positive penalty term when the objective function is minimization. The integration period is from the current time to a set timing.

[0134] K∫|Average charge / discharge value - Planned charge / discharge value|·dt

[0135] Furthermore, the schedule calculation unit 12 may define a "charge amount reference value Y(t)" by specifying an arbitrary point or curve instead of the average charge amount. Alternatively, the schedule calculation unit 12 may define a charge / discharge reference value Y'(t) by differentiating the charge amount reference value Y(t). The schedule calculation unit 12 adds a penalty term to the objective function, which is negative when the objective function is maximization, and positive when the objective function is minimization. Note that in the following equations, the integral value of the squared value may be used instead of the integral value. The integration period is from the current time to a set timing.

[0136] K∫|Charging amount reference value Y(t) - charging amount planned value R(t)|·dt K∫|Charge / discharge reference value Y´(t) - Charging / discharge planning value B(t)|·dt

[0137] The charge amount reference value Y(t) or the charge / discharge reference value Y'(t) may be provided by a higher-level system, and the weighting coefficient K may be changeable using the higher-level system.

[0138] 12 is a diagram for explaining the charge amount reference value in the energy management device 10 according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure. The graph shown in the figure shows a time series change in the charge amount, with the horizontal axis representing time and the vertical axis representing the charge amount.

[0139] As shown in the figure, a charge amount reference value is set between any time t1 and t2. At this time, the overall planned value shown by the solid line may change over time as the charge amount approaches the charge amount reference value as shown by the dashed line.

[0140] Furthermore, in order to minimize the time required to reach the required charge amount, the schedule calculation unit 12 can calculate the target charge amount in the reverse direction of time using the required charge amount at the target charge / discharge time, or any value greater than the required charge amount and less than the maximum charge amount, as the starting point, using the following formula.

[0141] Target charging amount (t-1)=min{target charging amount (t), maximum charging amount (t-1)}

[0142] At this time, the schedule calculation unit 12 performs calculations using the following equation with K as a weighting coefficient. The schedule calculation unit 12 adds a negative penalty term to the objective function if the objective function is maximization, and a positive penalty term if the objective function is minimization. Note that in the following equation, the integral value of the squared value may be used instead of the integral value.

[0143] K∫|Target charging amount - planned charging amount|·dt

[0144] At this time, the schedule calculation unit 12 may differentiate the target charge amount to obtain the target charge / discharge value, and calculate it using the following formula with K as a weighting coefficient. The schedule calculation unit 12 adds a negative penalty term to the objective function when the objective function is maximization, and a positive penalty term when the objective function is minimization. Note that in the following formula, the integral value of the squared value may be used instead of the integral value.

[0145] K∫|Target charge / discharge value - Planned charge / discharge value|·dt

[0146] 13 is a flow diagram of the optimization calculation process in cooperation with a host system in the energy management device 10 according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure. The schedule calculation unit 12 reads constraint data and the like set by the user or calculated based on conditions set by the user from the local setting database 11 (S401). The schedule calculation unit 12 retrieves constraint conditions from the host system and instruction values ​​such as charge / discharge reference values ​​from the host setting database 17 (S402).

[0147] The schedule calculation unit 12 selects information on stricter constraint conditions from the information read from the local setting database 11 and the information taken in from the upper setting database 17. If a condition is set only in the upper setting database 17, the schedule calculation unit 12 adopts that condition (S403).

[0148] The schedule calculation unit 12 executes an optimization calculation based on the conditions selected or adopted in S403, and saves the decision variable values ​​and the evaluation function FA (S404). The schedule calculation unit 12 adopts the mandatory conditions from the information read from the local setting database 11 and the information from the upper setting database 17 (S405), executes an optimization calculation, and saves the decision variable values ​​and the evaluation function FB (S406).

[0149] The schedule calculation unit 12 compares the evaluation function FA and the evaluation function FB and adopts the better optimal solution. If the optimal solutions are equivalent, the optimal solution of the evaluation function FA is adopted (S407). Note that even if the optimal solution of the evaluation function FA is less preferable than the optimal solution of the evaluation function FB, the schedule calculation unit 12 may adopt the optimal solution of the evaluation function FA as long as the difference between them is within an acceptable range.

[0150] In the above process, it is possible that a Pareto-optimal solution set exists, and it is believed that the optimal solution can be found even if the calculation is based on the conditions specified by the upper system. However, if the evaluation function calculated based on the conditions specified by the upper system is not better, constraints set by the user are used.

[0151] Fig. 14 is a diagram for explaining charge / discharge control in the energy management device 10 according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure. In Fig. 14, (a) shows a control block of the charge / discharge command value calculation unit 15, and (b) shows a time-series change in the charge amount. As shown in Fig. 14(a), the charge amount plan value or charge / discharge plan value of the battery calculated by the schedule calculation unit 12 through the above optimization calculation is registered in the scheduling database 14, and the charge / discharge command value calculation unit 15 acquires the charge / discharge plan value at that time from the scheduling database 14.

[0152] The charge / discharge command value calculation unit 15 calculates a charge value based on the amount by which the interconnection point power measurement value P(t) (positive reverse flow) exceeds the demand zero threshold when a reverse flow from renewable energy is likely to occur as a self-consumption of renewable energy. The charge / discharge command value calculation unit 15 also calculates a discharge value based on the amount by which the interconnection point power measurement value P(t) falls below the demand threshold when power consumption is likely to exceed the contracted capacity as a peak cut. Furthermore, the charge / discharge command value calculation unit 15 calculates a discharge value in response to an external command, such as a command from a higher-level system such as the integrated management device 40 or an external command such as a frequency fluctuation at the interconnection point. It is also possible to specify whether to accept an external command and the range within which the external command is accepted. If the evaluation function calculated under certain conditions is not satisfactory, constraint conditions set by the user are used. The charge / discharge command value calculation unit 15 finally sums these charge / discharge values, applies limiter processing as necessary, and outputs a final charge / discharge command value.

[0153] 14(b), the schedule calculation unit 12 calculates the charge / discharge plan values ​​with the objective of inexpensively charging the battery of the electric vehicle 2 and purchasing electricity at a low price through arbitrage. The schedule calculation unit 12 also calculates the charge / discharge plan values ​​for a given time, taking into consideration supplying and selling electricity to the consumer 3 during high-price hours, and pre-charging / discharging the battery for self-consumption of renewable energy and peak shaving.

[0154] As a result, as shown in FIG. 14(b), for example, the battery of the electric vehicle 2 is charged in the pre-dawn hours when electricity rates are low, and power is supplied to the consumer 3 in the morning hours. The amount of charge in the battery in the daytime hours is taken into consideration, as there is time until the next time the electric vehicle 2 is used, and there is room for supply and demand adjustment. Furthermore, power can be supplied to the consumer 3 in accordance with the required available capacity based on the forecast of power generation by the renewable energy power generation facility.

[0155] Then, in the evening and later, the charge amount decreases due to peak shaving power supply and power supply to consumers 3. Charging is performed during the nighttime hours when electricity rates are low, and the battery can be charged to the upper limit in the early morning. Since the user uses electric vehicle 2 to commute to work, etc., it is preferable to leave the charge amount at the upper limit.

[0156] [Second embodiment] <Configuration of energy management system> 15 is a configuration diagram of an energy management system 100 according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure. The energy management system 100 allows mutual communication between an integrated management device 40 and a plurality of V2X systems 1. The integrated management device 40 is a device that realizes the upper system in the first embodiment.

[0157] The upper setting database 17 acquires upper setting data from the integrated management device 40, the upper setting data including at least one of a charge amount reference value, a charge / discharge reference value calculated based on the amount of change in the charge amount reference value per specified time, and constraint information set in the integrated management device 40.

[0158] The schedule calculation unit 12 acquires reference data and constraint information set in the integrated management device 40 and transmits local setting data and schedule data to the integrated management device 40. The local setting data includes data relating to any time of the electric vehicle and the amount of charge required at that time. The schedule data includes a planned charge amount value or a planned charge / discharge value for the battery calculated based on the constraint information acquired from the integrated management device 40.

[0159] 16 is a configuration diagram of an integrated management device 40 according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure. The integrated management device 40 includes a task setting unit 41, an overall plan calculation unit 42, a planned value allocation unit 43, and a distribution unit 44. In the energy management system 100, the integrated management device 40 is connected to the energy management device 10 via the distribution unit 44 so as to be able to communicate with the energy management device 10.

[0160] The task setting unit 41 determines a task according to the demand or supply of power in the power grid PG in the area to which the electric vehicle 2 is connected, and a resource that is the chargeable and dischargeable battery of the electric vehicle 2 that is the target of that task. The task setting unit 41 performs exclusion processing so that any resource is not counted for multiple tasks in the same time period. The task setting unit 41 calculates the total value for each time period of the required charge amount, maximum charge amount, maximum discharge value, maximum charge value, planned charge amount value, or planned charge and discharge value of the resource that is the target of each task, and can set the total value as the overall required charge amount, maximum charge amount, maximum discharge value, maximum charge value, planned charge amount value, or planned charge and discharge value for that time period.

[0161] The overall plan calculation unit 42 calculates an evaluation value of an objective function according to the purpose of each task based on at least one of the overall required charging amount and the overall maximum charging amount included in each task, and calculates an overall plan value for each task.

[0162] When each task performs control to avoid congestion in the power grid PG by distributing the resources to be charged, the overall plan calculation unit 42 calculates an overall plan value that either minimizes the sum of the absolute values ​​of the battery charge and discharge values ​​for the target period or minimizes the maximum value of the battery charge power for the target period.

[0163] When each task performs control to avoid surplus power from the renewable energy power generation facility, the overall plan calculation unit 42 calculates an overall plan value that maximizes the increase in the charge amount of the battery connected to the power system PG during the target period.

[0164] When each task adjusts supply and demand, and when each task performs control to minimize the imbalance, which is the difference between the currently supplied power and the requested power, the overall plan calculation unit 42 sets a target value according to the requested time and compensation, and calculates an overall plan value that minimizes the difference from the target value.

[0165] Depending on the task, the planned value allocation unit 43 selects either an all-vehicle allocation method in which resources are allocated to the batteries of all electric vehicles 2 connected to the power grid PG, or a vehicle rotation allocation method in which resources are allocated sequentially to the batteries of one or more electric vehicles 2 connected to the power grid PG.

[0166] The planned value allocation unit 43 selects the all-unit allocation method when each task adjusts supply and demand and performs control to minimize the imbalance, which is the difference between the currently supplied power and the requested power.The planned value allocation unit 43 selects the unit number rotation allocation method when each task performs control to avoid congestion in the power grid PG by distributing the resources to be charged and performs control to avoid surplus power from renewable energy power generation facilities.

[0167] The all-unit allocation method is a method for determining the charge amount reference value by aligning the initial value of the resource with the overall planned value and redistributing the deviation between the overall planned value and the sum of the charge amount reference values ​​of each resource according to the amount of battery charge / discharge adjustment margin that each resource has in the direction of eliminating the deviation.

[0168] The unit number rotation allocation method is a method for determining the charge amount reference value by allocating resources in descending order of the evaluation index for which resource task should be prioritized during a specified time period, setting the charge amount reference value for the time before the specified time period as the initial value, and redistributing the deviation between the overall planned value and the sum of the charge amount reference values ​​of each resource according to the amount of adjustment margin for battery charging and discharging that each resource has in the direction of eliminating the deviation.

[0169] The following describes the settings performed by the task setting unit 41 of the integrated management device 40. The integrated management device 40 acquires various information and various calculation results from the energy management device 10 of the V2X system 1. When multiple resources exist in each consumer 3, each piece of acquired data may be a total value for each consumer 3.

[0170] Of the data that the integrated management device 40 acquires from the energy management device 10, data that is considered particularly important is the required charge amount, maximum charge amount or required free capacity, planned charge amount value or planned charge / discharge value, forced charge / discharge value, charge / discharge prohibition command, and maximum charge / discharge value calculated by the energy management device 10. Also considered important is grid-connection point information.

[0171] In addition to the above, the data that the integrated management device 40 acquires from the energy management device 10 includes the contract capacity and power generation capacity, which are basic information on the consumer 3 side, and the upper limit of the charge amount, the upper limit of the charge value, and the upper limit of the discharge value, which are basic information on the electric vehicle 2 (resource).In addition to these, the acquired data includes the resource connection status, the charge amount at the current time, the charge and discharge value, the generated power, the consumed power, the power at the grid connection point, the target charge and discharge time, the predicted generated power value, and the predicted load power consumption value.

[0172] The task setting unit 41 determines a task, a time period, and a resource, which is the battery of electric vehicle 2 that can be charged or discharged, according to the demand or supply of power in the power grid PG of the area to which electric vehicle 2 is connected. In the following example, the task is a congestion relief task for charging the battery of electric vehicle 2 on distribution line A, the time period is from 11 PM to 5 AM the next day, and the resources are five vehicles a, b, c, d, and e.

[0173] The area to which the electric vehicle 2 is connected is set according to the regional characteristics where power quality problems such as grid congestion occur, and may be, for example, per distribution line, per distribution bank, or per region. Which resources fall into the target area is determined from the interconnection point information of each resource.

[0174] Tasks can be defined according to the purpose, such as adjusting supply and demand, dealing with imbalances, surplus renewable energy power that is not regional, etc. When selecting resources, it is preferable to take into consideration the characteristics of the resources, such as the amount of charge / discharge adjustment capacity, responsiveness to charge / discharge commands, and the degree of battery deterioration and lifespan.

[0175] After determining the tasks, time periods, and resources, the task setting unit 41 sums up the required charge amounts and maximum charge amounts of each resource for each timing, and sets the sums as the overall required charge amounts and maximum charge amounts for that timing. The task setting unit 41 also sums up the maximum discharge values ​​and maximum charge values ​​of each resource for each timing, and sets the sums as the overall maximum discharge values ​​and maximum charge values ​​for that timing.

[0176] For each resource, the maximum charge value is set to 0 during charge prohibition time, the maximum discharge value is set to 0 during discharge prohibition time, and the maximum charge value = maximum discharge value = forced charge / discharge value during forced charge / discharge time. The task setting unit 41 also sums up the planned charge amount values ​​and planned charge / discharge values ​​of each resource for each timing, and sets the sum to the overall planned charge amount value and planned charge / discharge value for that timing.

[0177] The task setting unit 41 performs exclusion processing to prevent any resource from being counted for multiple tasks in the same time period. As a specific exclusion processing method, the task setting unit 41 determines the order in which tasks are formed and reserves resources in that order. The task setting unit 41 may form regional tasks in the order of earliest time periods, followed by non-regional tasks. When forming a task, the task setting unit 41 checks the regionality and usage status of the resource, and selects and reserves a resource from among those available.

[0178] For the next task to be formed, the task setting unit 41 selects from the remaining available resources. For example, the task setting unit 41 can select tasks in the following order of Case 1 to Case 4.

[0179] Case 1: Area A task, 9:00~12:00, Resource a Case 2: Area B Task, 9:00~13:00, Resource B Case 3: Area A task, 11:00~15:00, Resource c Case 4: Overall task, 12:00~15:00, Resources a and d

[0180] In the above example, in case 1, resource a is set to the region A task. In case 2, it is a region B task, which is in a different region, so resource a cannot be used. Case 3 is the same region A task as case 1, but resource a is not included due to the overlap in time with case 1. In case 4, after the region A task in case 1 is completed, there is no problem with adding resource a to the overall task. However, resource b and resource c cannot be used because case 2, which uses resource b, and case 3, which uses resource c, overlap in time with case 4.

[0181] The task setting unit 41 can reserve a certain margin for each of the total required charge amounts and the maximum charge amount in advance as a charge / discharge possible range in case of an unforeseen event, for each of the total tasks. For example, the task setting unit 41 determines a point obtained by dividing the interval (adjustment width) between the total required charge amount and the maximum charge amount into three for each timing. The task setting unit 41 sets the first division point (division line) and the second division point (division line) from the lowest charge amount, and sets the area from the first division point (division line) to the required charge amount and from the part above the second division point (division line) to the maximum charge amount as the charge / discharge margin.

[0182] Next, we will explain the calculation of the overall plan value and optimization calculation performed by the overall plan calculation unit 42. The overall plan calculation unit 42 performs optimization calculation for each of the total tasks and calculates the overall plan value. The overall plan value is subject to constraints such as the overall required charge amount, the overall maximum charge amount, the overall maximum charge value, and the overall maximum discharge value.

[0183] The optimization calculation performed by the overall plan calculation unit 42 is formulated differently depending on the use case, which is the purpose of the task. The optimization calculation method is described below for each use case. Note that multiple tasks can exist in the same time period. However, due to exclusion processing, the same resource will not be included in multiple tasks in the same time period.

[0184] First, we will explain how to avoid congestion by distributing charging. If each resource starts charging simultaneously when the cost of purchasing electricity is low, it may cause inconveniences to the entire power system PG, such as system congestion and the need to secure unnecessary reserve power generation capacity. On the other hand, consumers 3 only need to complete the necessary charging by a specific time, and there is room for time shifting as long as no additional costs are incurred. Therefore, charging can be distributed by having the integrated management device 40 assign recommended charging time periods to the energy management devices 10 in the V2X systems 1 of each consumer 3.

[0185] During a time period when grid congestion due to charging congestion or the like is expected, the overall plan calculation unit 42 calculates an overall plan value between the first division line and the second division line such that the rate of change during charging is equal to or less than a specified value. The overall plan calculation unit 42 sets the rate of change during charging to be equal to or less than a specified value in the case of charging congestion, and sets the rate of change during both charging and discharging to be equal to or less than a specified value in the case of congestion in both charging and discharging. The overall plan calculation unit 42 sets the amount of charge during a time period when grid congestion occurs to be the sum of the planned values ​​of each resource during that time period, and sets the amount of charge during a time period when grid congestion ends to be the midpoint between the required amount of charge and the maximum amount of charge during that time period.

[0186] If the rate of change in the charge amount of the target task does not become equal to or less than the specified value through the above process, the overall plan calculation unit 42 performs optimization calculation again according to the following formula using the charge amounts at the entrance and exit during the grid congestion period as decision variables, and sets the result as the final overall plan value. In the following formula, R indicates the planned charge amount value, V indicates the maximum charge amount, S indicates the required charge amount, M indicates the maximum charge value, N indicates the maximum discharge value, and B indicates the planned charge / discharge value, and the time-related subscripts t, o, and e indicate the target time, start time, and end time, respectively.

[0187] minimize{Σ|R t -R t-1 |(t=o~e)} or minimize{max(R t -R t-1 ) (t=o~e)} Rmin,t≦Rt≦Rmax,t (for example, Rmin,t=first dividing line, Rmax,t=second dividing line) Ro=ΣRi,o Re= (Ve+Se) / 2 Nt≦Bt≦Mt

[0188] 17 is a graph illustrating an example of optimization calculation performed by the overall plan calculation unit 42 of the integrated management device 40 according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure, with the aim of avoiding congestion by distributing charging. The graph shown in the figure shows the planned value of the charging amount, the maximum charging amount, the required charging amount, and time-series changes in the first division line and the second division line, with the horizontal axis representing time and the vertical axis representing the charging amount.

[0189] As shown in the figure, the initial value of the charge amount is as high as possible. The gradient of the change in charge amount over time is made as small as possible so that the charge amount falls between the first division line and the second division line, suppressing the discharge amount and making it easier to maintain the charge amount. It is preferable that the charge amount at the target charge / discharge time be midway between the required charge amount and the required free capacity.

[0190] Next, we will explain how to avoid surplus renewable energy power. When renewable energy power generation facilities such as solar power generation facilities generate power simultaneously, problems occur due to congestion in the power grid PG and the generation of surplus power. To avoid this, output restrictions are placed on the renewable energy power generation facilities.

[0191] However, the power from the renewable energy power generation facility can be effectively utilized by so-called rising DR (Demand Response), which charges the battery (resource) of the electric vehicle 2. Therefore, the integrated management device 40 guides the V2X system 1 of each consumer 3 to suppress discharge and increase charging, thereby avoiding surplus power.

[0192] During a time period when surplus power is expected to occur, the overall plan calculation unit 42 calculates, as a first objective, an overall plan value that minimizes the rate of change in discharging between the first division line and the second division line, using the following formula. Furthermore, as a second objective, the overall plan calculation unit 42 calculates, as a second objective, an overall plan value that maximizes the rate of change in charging, using the following formula. Note that the initial and final values ​​of the charge amount during a time period when surplus power is expected to occur are not set in advance as decision variables, but may be set in advance. Note that, for example, Rmin,t is the first division line, and Rmax,t is the second division line.

[0193] maximize{Σ(R t -R t-1 )}(t=o~e) Rmin,t≦Rt≦Rmax,t Nt≦Bt≦Mt

[0194] 18 is a graph illustrating an example of optimization calculation for the purpose of avoiding surplus renewable energy power, performed by the overall plan calculation unit 42 of the integrated management device 40 according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure. The graph shown in the figure shows time on the horizontal axis and charge amount on the vertical axis, and indicates time-series changes in the planned charge amount, required free capacity, required charge amount, first division line, and second division line.

[0195] As shown in the figure, the initial value of the charge amount is set as low as possible. The gradient of the time change in the charge amount is set as large as possible so that the charge amount falls between the first division line and the second division line, suppressing the discharge amount and making it easier to maintain the charge amount. The charge amount at the target charge / discharge time is set as high as possible.

[0196] Next, we will explain how to respond to supply and demand adjustments and imbalances. General electricity transmission and distribution companies need to procure adjustment capacity to control the frequency of their power supply areas and adjust the supply and demand balance, and this adjustment capacity is traded in the supply and demand adjustment market. In addition, the ability to adjust supply and demand in a short period of time (ΔkW value) is traded. The deviation of supply and demand from the power generation plan and demand plan is called an "imbalance." The amount of electricity (kWh) used for adjustments is settled as an imbalance fee (yen / kWh) by the power generation company or retail electricity company that caused the imbalance. Since imbalance fees rise particularly during times of tight supply and demand, there are also hopes for additional supply capacity such as demand response and private power generation.

[0197] To address the above, a VPP is provided that bundles together many resources, such as electric vehicles 2, and controls their charging and discharging. Specifically, it is preferable to ensure the necessary charging and discharging reserves during the time periods when these measures are required. Then, when measures are actually required, the integrated management device 40 transmits charging and discharging commands to the resources. For this use case, a response to the command must be made with a reasonable degree of accuracy, so the integrated management device 40 must identify and allocate resources with a high degree of response accuracy. The integrated management device 40 distributes commands to the V2X system 1 of the consumer 3, and the V2X system 1 generally performs charging and discharging in accordance with the commands.

[0198] The overall plan calculation unit 42 calculates a target value between the first division line and the second division line to ensure the necessary charge / discharge margin during a time period when supply / demand adjustment and responses to imbalances, etc. are expected and planned. When it is necessary to respond to both charging and discharging, the overall plan calculation unit 42 sets the target value to be midway between the required charge amount and the maximum charge amount. Furthermore, when compensation for the discharge direction (DR) is necessary, the overall plan calculation unit 42 sets the second division line and its vicinity as the target value.

[0199] If the target value for each time is Ut, the overall plan calculation unit 42 can perform optimization calculations based on the following equation: Note that Rmin,t can be set as, for example, the first division line, and Rmax,t can be set as, for example, the second division line.

[0200] minimize{Σ|Ut-Rt|} (t=o~e) Rmin,t≦Rt≦Rmax,t Nt≦Bt≦Mt

[0201] 19 is a graph for explaining an example of optimization calculation performed by the overall plan calculation unit 42 of the integrated management device 40 according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure, with the aim of adjusting supply and demand and dealing with imbalances, etc. The graph shown in the figure shows the time on the horizontal axis and the charge amount on the vertical axis, and indicates the time series changes in the overall plan value of the charge amount, the maximum charge amount, the required charge amount, the first division line, and the second division line.

[0202] As shown in the figure, the optimization calculation basically corresponds to both charging and discharging, so the target value is calculated so that the charge amount falls between the first division line and the second division line and is halfway between the required charge amount and the maximum charge amount. However, if the direction of compensation is clear in advance, adjustments may be made to ensure a surplus in that direction.

[0203] Next, we will explain the electricity price response. Electricity price response is not necessary unless there is a cost benefit for the consumer 3. Therefore, assuming that there is some kind of cost incentive for the consumer 3 or that a cost incentive menu is available, the integrated management device 40 modifies and distributes the electricity price information for the V2X system 1.

[0204] For example, the overall plan calculation unit 42 sets the power selling price and power purchasing price to high when supply and demand are tight, and sets the power purchasing price and power selling price to low when there is a power surplus. When the grid is congested, the overall plan calculation unit 42 sets the power purchasing price and power selling price to low if the congestion is due to excess power sales from renewable energy sources, etc. Furthermore, the overall plan calculation unit 42 sets the power purchasing price and power selling price to high if the congestion is due to excess power purchase from electric vehicles 2, etc. It is preferable that coordination with other tasks and constraints, etc., is taken into consideration so that the control directions do not become reversed too often, and that the control directions do not become the same and the effect becomes too strong, resulting in instability.

[0205] Here, we will explain the allocation of resources according to tasks performed by the planned value allocation unit 43. The planned value allocation unit 43 allocates the overall planned value to each resource as a reference value. Planned value allocation methods include an all-machine allocation method and a number-of-machine rotation allocation method.

[0206] First, we will explain the all-machine allocation method. In the all-machine allocation method, the target resources are not rotated for each time period, but the reference value is allocated to all target resources while the task is being executed.

[0207] With the all-vehicle allocation method, unless otherwise specified, all resources are subject to charging and discharging, resulting in a wide range of charge and discharge adjustments. On the other hand, with the all-vehicle allocation method, the charging rate per vehicle decreases as the number of electric vehicles2 increases, which has the disadvantage of making it inefficient. For this reason, the all-vehicle allocation method is suitable when you want to maximize the adjustment margin, such as when adjusting supply and demand and responding to imbalances.

[0208] 20 is a diagram showing parameters used in the all-unit allocation method executed in the integrated management device 40 according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure. The parameters used in the all-unit allocation method are defined as follows. The planned value position indicates the planned value position relative to the adjustment range of charging and discharging of the battery (resource) as a ratio. The charging and discharging planned value Bt is a positive value for charging. Unit time Δt: The duration of the target time period defined by the upper system. Usually, it is the calculation and distribution cycle of the upper system. ·Target time t Target Resources Charge / discharge plan value Bt ·Adjustment width At=Maximum charge amount - Required charge amount Ct = Planned value - Required charging amount Dt = Maximum charging amount - planned value Planned value position Et=Ct / At Resource flag Fi,t=1: Charge limit, 0: Within range, -1: Discharge limit, 10: Outside

[0209] First, the plan value allocation unit 43 sets initial values ​​for the tasks. It calculates adjustment ranges Ao, Co, Do, and overall plan value position Eo based on the overall plan value Ro, the overall required charge amount So, and the overall maximum charge amount Vo at the charge / discharge start timing to. The plan value allocation unit 43 calculates adjustment range Ai,o = Vi,o - Si,o based on the required charge amount Si,o and maximum charge amount Vi,o of resource i at the charge / discharge start timing to. The plan value allocation unit 43 uses the overall plan value position Eo to calculate Ci,o (= Eo × Ai,o) of resource i, and calculates a charge amount reference value Yi,o (= Si,o + Ci,o) at the charge / discharge start timing to.

[0210] The planned value allocation unit 43 executes the following processes in order from the start timing of the task. The following describes excluding the influence of the forced charging / discharging resource from the overall plan. When starting calculation of the target time t, the planned value allocation unit 43 sets the resource flag Fi,t=0: within range.

[0211] The planned value allocation unit 43 calculates the amount of power WHi,t=Bi,t×Δt per unit time Δt based on the forced charge / discharge value Bi,t at the target time for a resource to which a charge / discharge plan value is assigned with the highest priority and for which a charge / discharge prohibition command Bi,t=0 is set.The planned value allocation unit 43 then adds this to the charge amount reference value Yi,t-1 of the target resource at the time before the target time, to set the charge amount reference value Yi,t of the target resource at the target time as Yi,t-1+WHi,t.

[0212] Then, the planned value allocation unit 43 sets the resource flag Fi,t=10 (excluding exclusion). The planned value allocation unit 43 sets the required charge amount Si,t (maximum charge amount Vi,t) at the target time of the resource that is essentially forced to charge or discharge and is a resource to which a charge or discharge plan value is allocated with the highest priority and for which the adjustment range of the charge or discharge amount is zero as the charge amount reference value Yi,t.

[0213] Then, the planned value allocation unit 43 sets the resource flag Fi,t=10: excluded. Since the two types of resources for which Fi,t=10 are set tend to differ from the overall planned value, the influence of these resources is excluded from the overall planned value Rt, the overall required charging amount St, and the overall maximum charging amount Vt. At this time, the following equations are used for the two types of resources for which Fi,t=10 is set.

[0214] Rt=Rti-ΣYi,t St=Sti-ΣSi,t Vt=Vti-ΣVi,t

[0215] In the above formula, Rti is the initial overall planned value, ΣYi,t is the sum of the charge reference values ​​of the target resources, Sti is the initial overall required charge amount, ΣSi,t is the sum of the required charge amounts of the target resources, Vti is the initial maximum charge amount, and ΣVi,t is the sum of the maximum charge amounts of the target resources.

[0216] The plan value allocation unit 43 calculates the adjustment ranges At, Ct, Dt and the overall plan value position Et based on the overall plan value Rt, the overall required charging amount St, and the overall maximum charging amount Vt after the above processing is performed.

[0217] The plan value allocation unit 43 calculates a tentative charge amount reference value for each resource. First, the plan value allocation unit 43 sets a tentative charge amount reference value for resources whose Fi,t has a value other than 10. The tentative charge amount reference value is set in a way that matches the tendency of the overall plan value position Et with respect to the adjustment range Ai,t of each resource.

[0218] The plan value allocation unit 43 calculates an adjustment range Ai,t = Vi,t - Si,t for resource i based on the required charge amount Si,t and maximum charge amount Vi,t for resource i at target time t. The plan value allocation unit 43 calculates Ci,t (= Et × Ai,t) for resource i using the overall plan value position Et. The plan value allocation unit 43 calculates Di,t (= Ai,t - Ci,t). Finally, the plan value allocation unit 43 calculates a provisional charge amount reference value Yi,t (= Si,t + Ci,t) at target time t. Note that the plan value position Ei,t of resource i at this time is equal to the overall plan value position Et.

[0219] The planned value allocation unit 43 checks the constraints of each resource. The planned value allocation unit 43 checks whether the charge / discharge reference value Y'i,t (corresponding to a power value) calculated from the change in the charge amount reference value Yi,t for resource i is within the constraint range. The planned value allocation unit 43 calculates the charge / discharge reference value Y'i,t=(Yi,t-Yi,t-1) / Δt of resource i based on the tentative charge amount reference value Yi,t at the target time t, the charge amount reference value Yi,t-1 at the time before the target time, and the unit time Δt.

[0220] If the charge / discharge reference value Y'i,t exceeds the maximum charge / discharge value of the resource i at the target time t, the plan value allocation unit 43 limits the charge / discharge reference value Y'i,t of the corresponding resource i to the maximum charge / discharge value. The plan value allocation unit 43 sets the resource flag Fi,t=1: charge limit, -1: discharge limit according to the limiting status.

[0221] The planned value allocation unit 43 calculates the provisional charge amount reference value Yi,t (=Yi,t-1+Y'i,t×Δt) for the resource i at the target time t using the limited charge / discharge reference value Y'i,t. The planned value allocation unit 43 also recalculates other values ​​for the resource i using the revised provisional charge amount reference value Yi,t. Note that the adjustment ranges Ai,t = Vi,t - Si,t, Ci,t = Yi,t - Si,t, and Di,t = Vi,t - Yi,t.

[0222] The planned value allocation unit 43 calculates the deviation from the overall planned value. The planned value allocation unit 43 calculates the deviation Gt between the revised overall planned value Rt and the sum of the tentative charge amount reference value Yi,t of resource i, where Gt = Rt - Σ(Yi,t). A positive value of the deviation Gt indicates insufficient charging, and a negative value indicates insufficient discharging.

[0223] When reallocating the deviation Gt to each resource, the planned value allocation unit 43 reallocates the deviation Gt to the overall planned value of each resource according to the amount of adjustment margin (Ci,t or Di,t) that each resource has in the direction of eliminating the deviation Gt.

[0224] When the deviation Gt is a positive value, i.e., when the charge is insufficient, the planned value allocation unit 43 reallocates resources with resource flag Fi,t = 0 (in range) or -1 (discharge limit). The correction value Hi,t is a positive value and is expressed by the following formula. The provisional charge amount reference value Yi,t is expressed by the following formula.

[0225] Correction value Hi,t = Gt × Di,t / Σ(Di,t) Provisional charge reference value Yi,t = Yi,t + Hi,t

[0226] When the deviation Gt is a negative value, i.e., when the discharge is insufficient, the planned value allocation unit 43 reallocates resources with resource flag Fi,t = 0: within range or 1: charge limit. The correction value Hi,t is a negative value and is expressed by the following formula. The provisional charge amount reference value Yi,t is expressed by the following formula.

[0227] Correction value Hi,t = Gt × Ci,t / Σ(Ci,t) Provisional charge reference value Yi,t = Yi,t + Hi,t

[0228] The planned value allocation unit 43 also recalculates other values ​​of the corresponding resource i using the revised provisional charging amount reference value Yi,t. At this time, the adjustment range Ai,t and adjustment margin (Ci,t or Di,t) are expressed by the following equations.

[0229] Adjustment width Ai,t=Vi,t-Si,t Ci,t=Yi,t-Si,t Di,t=Vi,t-Yi,t

[0230] The planned value allocation unit 43 repeatedly checks the constraints of each resource, calculates the deviation from the overall planned value, and re-allocates the deviation. When the deviation Gt is 0 or all resource flags are other than Fi,t=0, it determines the charge amount reference value Yi,t of resource i to the value of Yi,t at that time, and terminates processing for the target time t.

[0231] If the target time t is not the final time of the task, the planned value allocation unit 43 advances the time by the unit time Δt, and again performs the following processes: excluding the influence of the forced charging / discharging resource from the overall plan, calculating the tentative charging amount reference value of each resource, checking the constraints of each resource, calculating the deviation from the overall plan value, and re-allocating the deviation. If the target time t is the final time of the task, the planned value allocation unit 43 terminates the task itself.

[0232] Next, we will explain the unit rotation allocation method. The unit rotation allocation method allocates a portion of resources from the total to a target time period, and changes the allocated resources for each time period. The unit rotation allocation method appropriately limits the number of units that can be charged or discharged during a target time period, so the charging rate per unit does not decrease, preventing inefficient charging. The unit rotation allocation method is suitable for avoiding congestion by distributing charging and avoiding surplus renewable energy power.

[0233] The parameters used in the vehicle rotation allocation method are defined as follows: Unit time Δt: The time span of the target time period defined by the upper system. Usually, it is the calculation and distribution cycle of the upper system. ·Target time t Target Resources Charge / discharge value Bt (charge positive) Ct = Planned value - Required charging amount Dt = Maximum charging amount - planned value Resource flag Fi,t=1: Charge limit, 0: Within range, -1: Discharge limit, 10: Outside Maximum charging value Mt Maximum discharge value Nt

[0234] The planned value allocation unit 43 first sets the allocation flag Ji,t=0: not targeted. Next, the planned value allocation unit 43 excludes the influence of the forced charge / discharge resource from the overall plan. The planned value allocation unit 43 sets the allocation flag for the target time to Ji,t=10: targeted for forced charging / discharging for the resource to which the forced charge / discharge value Bi,t and the charge / discharge prohibition command Bi,t=0 are set and which is to be assigned the charge / discharge planned value with the highest priority. The planned value allocation unit 43 sets the allocation flag for the target time to Ji,t=10: targeted for forced charging / discharging for the resource to which the adjustment range is zero and which is essentially forced charging / discharging and to which the charge / discharge planned value is to be assigned with the highest priority.

[0235] The planned value allocation unit 43 excludes the influence of these resources from the overall planned value Rt, the overall required charging amount St, and the overall maximum charging amount Vt, because the above two types of resources for which Ji,t=10 are set tend to move in a different manner from the overall planned value. At this time, the following equations are used for processing the two types of resources for which Fi,t=10 are set.

[0236] Rt=Rti-ΣRi,t St=Sti-ΣSi,t Vt=Vti-ΣVi,t

[0237] In the above formula, Rti is the initial overall planned value, ΣRi,t is the sum of the charge / discharge planned values ​​of the target resources, Sti is the initial overall required charging amount, ΣSi,t is the sum of the required charging amounts of the target resources, Vti is the initial maximum charging amount, and ΣVi,t is the sum of the maximum charging amounts of the target resources.

[0238] The planned value allocation unit 43 excludes the influence of resources operating in the opposite direction from the overall plan. From the overall plan Rt calculated above, the increase / decrease direction of the overall plan Rt at each target time is calculated using the following formula.

[0239] ΔR t =R t -R t-1 (ΔRt>0: increase, ΔRt<0: decrease)

[0240] The plan value allocation unit 43 calculates the direction of increase or decrease of the charge / discharge plan value Ri,t of each resource for which the allocation flag Ji,t=0 at each target time using the following formula.

[0241] ΔRi,t=Ri,t-Ri,t-1 (ΔRi,t>0: increase, ΔRi,t<0: decrease)

[0242] If the direction of increase or decrease of the planned value Ri,t of each resource at each target time is opposite to the direction of increase or decrease of the overall plan Rt at each target time, the planned value allocation unit 43 sets the allocation flag of the target resource at the target time to Ji,t=1: target. The planned value allocation unit 43 excludes the influence of these resources from the overall planned value Rt, the overall required charging amount St, and the overall maximum charging amount Vt.

[0243] Rt=Rt-ΣRi,t St=St-ΣSi,t Vt=Vt-ΣVi,t

[0244] In the above equation, ΣRi,t is the sum of the charge / discharge plan values ​​of the target resources, ΣSi,t is the sum of the required charge amounts of the target resources, and ΣVi,t is the sum of the maximum charge amounts of the target resources.

[0245] The planned value allocation unit 43 calculates the allocation index. Hereinafter, for a resource i that is still not a target (Ji,t=0), and a target time t, the required charge amount Si,t, the maximum charge amount Vi,t, the planned value Ri,t, the maximum charge value Mi,t, the maximum discharge value Ni,t, and the evaluation index Li,t are used.

[0246] First, the plan value allocation unit 43 calculates the evaluation index Li,t according to the increase or decrease of the overall plan value Rt. Then, when the overall plan value Rt at the target time t increases (ΔRt>0) and the change amount ΔVi,t of the maximum charge amount of resource i is 0 or more, the plan value allocation unit 43 calculates the evaluation index Li,t using the following formula.

[0247] Li,t = (ΔRi,t + Mi,t × Δt) / 2

[0248] When the overall planned value Rt at the target time t increases (ΔRt>0) and the change in the maximum charge amount of resource i, ΔVi,t<0, the planned value allocation unit 43 calculates the evaluation index Li,t using the following formula: Note that the maximum discharge value Ni,t is a negative value.

[0249] Li,t = (ΔRi,t + Ni,t × Δt) / 2

[0250] When the overall planned value Rt at the target time t decreases (ΔRt<0) and the change in the required charge amount of resource i, ΔSi,≦0, the planned value allocation unit 43 calculates the evaluation index L,t using the following formula. Note that the maximum discharge value N,t is a negative value.

[0251] Li,t = -(ΔRi,t + Ni,t × Δt) / 2

[0252] When the overall plan value Rt at the target time t decreases (ΔRt<0) and the change amount ΔSi,t in the required charge amount of resource i is >0, the plan value allocation unit 43 calculates the evaluation index Li,t using the following formula.

[0253] Evaluation index Li,t=-(ΔRi,t+Mi,t×Δt) / 2

[0254] 21 is a diagram for explaining the priority of evaluation indexes calculated by the integrated managing device 40 according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure. The graph shown in the figure shows a time series change in the charge amount, with the horizontal axis representing time and the vertical axis representing the charge amount, and is an example in which the overall plan value is increasing. The priority of the evaluation indexes is in the order of (a) to (e) in FIG. 21.

[0255] As shown in Figure 21(a), the maximum charge amount and the overall planned value are both increasing, and the case where there is no room for adjustment is given the highest priority. As shown in Figure 21(b), the case where both the maximum charge amount and the overall planned value are increasing, and there is an increasing room for adjustment is given the next highest priority.

[0256] Next, as shown in Figure 21(c), the following cases are prioritized: the overall plan value has not increased, but the maximum charge amount has increased, leaving room for adjustment; and the overall plan value and maximum charge amount have not increased, but the charge amount trend when charging at the maximum charge amount has increased, leaving room for adjustment. If the maximum charge amount and the overall plan value are parallel, the evaluation index will be 0 despite the availability of adjustment capacity, so instead of the maximum charge amount, the charge amount trend when charging at the maximum charge amount is used.

[0257] As shown in Figure 21(d), if the maximum charge amount has not increased and the overall planned value has increased, so there is less room for adjustment, it is given the next priority. As shown in Figure 21(e), if the overall planned value has not increased and the maximum charge amount has decreased, so there is less room for adjustment, it is given the lowest priority.

[0258] As described above, by determining the priority of the evaluation index based on the relationship between the maximum charge amount and the overall plan value, the determination can take into consideration the presence or absence of an adjustment range and whether it is increased or decreased.

[0259] The planned value allocation unit 43 allocates resources. First, the planned value allocation unit 43 sets O,t=0: incomplete as the overall plan flag. The planned value allocation unit 43 allocates resources i to the target time t in descending order of the evaluation index, and sets the allocation flag to Ji,t=1: target. If the evaluation indexes are the same, the planned value allocation unit 43 allocates resources in descending order of the evaluation index and the rated charge or rated discharge value of each resource.

[0260] When the planned value allocation unit 43 determines the resource allocation, it updates the overall planned value as Rt = Rt - Li,t. If the sign of the overall planned value is reversed before and after the update, the planned value allocation unit 43 sets the overall plan flag to O,t = 1: completed, and temporarily suspends the allocation of resources to that target time.

[0261] If the sign of the overall plan value is not reversed even after allocating all resources i to the target time t, the plan value allocation unit 43 sets the overall plan flag for the target time t to O, t = 1: Completed. Then, when the overall plan flag becomes O, t = 1: Completed for all time periods, the plan value allocation unit 43 temporarily completes the allocation.

[0262] The planned value allocation unit 43 checks the allocation status of each resource and identifies resources that have no allocation at all in any time period. For the relevant resource, the resource is allocated to the time period with the highest evaluation index, and the allocation flag is set to Ji,t=1: target. When there are no resources that have no allocation at all in any time period, the planned value allocation unit 43 completes the process. By allocating resources in this way, resources that are appropriate for the increase or decrease in the overall planned value and resources that have the ability to adjust in that direction are allocated by the amount that can adjust the overall plan.

[0263] The plan value allocation unit 43 calculates the tentative charge amount reference value of each resource. At the start timing to of charging / discharging, the plan value allocation unit 43 sets the overall plan value Ro and the tentative charge amount reference value Yi,o of resource i to Ri,o. At the target time t, the plan value allocation unit 43 sets the overall plan value Rt and the tentative charge amount reference value Yi,t of resource i to Yi,t-1.

[0264] The planned value allocation unit 43 performs the following process for resources whose allocation flags at the target time t are Ji,t=1 and 10. The planned value allocation unit 43 uses the provisional charging amount reference value Yi,t to calculate other values ​​for the corresponding resource i using the following formula.

[0265] Ci,t=Yi,t-Si,t Di,t=Vi,t-Yi,t

[0266] The planned value allocator 43 sets the resource flag Fi,t=1: charge limit, 0: within range, −1: discharge limit according to the resource situation.

[0267] The planned value allocation unit 43 calculates the deviation from the overall planned value. The planned value allocation unit 43 calculates the deviation Gt from the sum of the tentative charge amount reference values ​​Yi,t of the resource i allocated at the target time t with respect to the overall planned value Rt at the target time t using the following formula. A positive value of the deviation Gt indicates insufficient charging, and a negative value indicates insufficient discharging.

[0268] Gt = Rt - Σ(Yi,t)

[0269] The planned value allocation unit 43 reallocates the deviation. When reallocating the deviation Gt to each resource, the planned value allocation unit 43 reallocates the deviation Gt to the provisional charge amount reference value Yi,t of each resource in accordance with the magnitude of the adjustment margin (Ci,t or Di,t) that each resource has in the direction of eliminating the deviation Gt.

[0270] When the deviation Gt is a positive value, i.e., when the charge is insufficient, the planned value allocation unit 43 reallocates resources with resource flag Fi,t = 0 (in range) or -1 (discharge limit). The correction value Hi,t is a positive value and is expressed by the following formula. The provisional charge amount reference value Yi,t is expressed by the following formula.

[0271] Hi,t = Gt × Di,t / Σ(Di,t) Yi,t=Yi,t+Hi,t

[0272] When the deviation Gt is a negative value, i.e., when the discharge is insufficient, the planned value allocation unit 43 reallocates resources with resource flag Fi,t = 0: within range or 1: charge limit. The correction value Hi,t is a negative value and is expressed by the following formula. The provisional charge amount reference value Yi,t is expressed by the following formula.

[0273] Hi,t = Gt × Ci,t / Σ(Ci,t) Reference value Yi,t = Yi,t + Hi,t

[0274] The planned value allocation unit 43 also recalculates other values ​​of the corresponding resource i using the revised provisional charging amount reference value Yi,t. At this time, the adjustment range Ai,t and adjustment margin (Ci,t or Di,t) are expressed by the following equations.

[0275] Ci,t=Yi,t-Si,t Di,t=Vi,t-Yi,t

[0276] The planned value allocation unit 43 checks the constraints of each resource. The planned value allocation unit 43 checks whether the charge / discharge reference value Y'i,t (power value) calculated from the change in the charge amount reference value Yi,t for resource i is within the constraint range. The planned value allocation unit 43 calculates the charge / discharge reference value Y'i,t for resource i using the tentative charge amount reference value Yi,t at the target time t, the tentative charge amount reference value Yi,t-1 for the time period before the target time, and the unit time Δt, using the following formula:

[0277] Y´i,t=(Yi,t-Yi,t-1) / Δt

[0278] If the charge / discharge reference value Y'i,t exceeds the maximum charge / discharge value of the resource i at the target time t, the planned value allocation unit 43 limits the charge / discharge reference value Y'i,t of the corresponding resource i to the maximum charge / discharge value. The planned value allocation unit 43 sets the resource flag Fi,t=1: charge limit, -1: discharge limit according to the limiting status.

[0279] The planned value allocation unit 43 recalculates the tentative charge amount reference value Yi,t of the resource i at the target time t using the charge / discharge reference value Y'i,t after the restriction, using the following formula.

[0280] Yi,t=Yi,t-1+Y´i,t×Δt

[0281] The planned value allocation unit 43 uses the revised provisional charging amount reference value Yi,t to recalculate other values ​​of the corresponding resource i using the following equations.

[0282] Ci,t=Yi,t-Si,t Di,t=Vi,t-Yi,t

[0283] The planned value allocation unit 43 repeats the process of calculating the deviation from the overall planned value, re-allocating the deviation, and checking the constraints of each resource. When the deviation Gt is 0 or all resource flags F,t are other than 0, the planned value allocation unit 43 fixes the charge amount reference value Yi,t of resource i to the value of Yi,t at that time, and ends the process for the target time t.

[0284] If the target time t is not the final time of the task, the planned value allocation unit 43 advances the time by the unit time Δt and performs the calculation process of the provisional charge amount reference value of each resource again. If the target time t is the final time of the task, the task ends.

[0285] The distribution unit 44 distributes a future time from the current time and the charge amount of the battery of the electric vehicle 2 as a charge amount reference value to the energy management device 10 of the V2X system 1. The integrated management device 40 can impose restrictions, commands, and guidance on the energy management device 10. The restrictions, commands, and guidance can be prioritized as follows: That is, the priority of "strong restrictions, commands" can be set to 1st, the priority of "guidance" to 2nd, the priority of "weak restrictions" to 3rd, and the priority of "weak guidance" to 4th.

[0286] First, we will explain "guidance." The integrated management device 40 uses the charge amount reference value when creating overall planning values ​​for avoiding congestion by distributing charging, avoiding surplus renewable energy power, adjusting supply and demand, and responding to imbalances, etc. The integrated management device 40 sets the charge amount reference value for a specific time period, but it may also be set for the entire time range or only for a specific time.

[0287] The more the energy management device 10 charges and discharges the battery in accordance with the charge amount reference value, the better the overall plan value is evaluated as a solution in the evaluation function, and therefore it is possible to guide the operation to be more likely to be in accordance with the charge amount reference value. Note that the distribution unit 44 can adjust the strength of the guidance by adjusting and distributing the magnitude of the weight coefficient K of the charge amount reference value.

[0288] If the energy management device 10 sets a charge amount reference value for only a certain time period, the energy management device 10 operates in accordance with the charge amount reference value during that time period, and adjusts the charge amount during the previous time period toward the charge amount reference value. Furthermore, during the subsequent time period, the energy management device 10 adjusts the charge / discharge amount starting from the charge amount reference value toward the normal planned value position of the charge amount, so that the actual charge amount plan does not become discontinuous. The integrated management device 40 can also guide the charge / discharge process in the energy management device 10 for purposes other than avoiding congestion by distributing charging, avoiding surplus renewable energy power, adjusting supply and demand, and dealing with imbalances, etc.

[0289] Next, we will explain "strong restrictions and commands." The integrated management device 40 delivers prohibitions or commands with a certain degree of enforcement to the energy management device 10. A certain degree of enforcement means that the energy management device 10 is made to perform charging and discharging operations based on the prohibition or command, while observing device protection restrictions based on the battery performance and status and restrictions set by the user in the energy management device 10, even if this may result in a slight reduction in the user's profit in some cases.

[0290] Therefore, when distributing from the integrated management device 40, it is preferable that the distribution destinations are carefully selected in consideration of the importance and urgency of the situation, charge / discharge margin, responsiveness, etc., and that the interests of the user are given maximum consideration.

[0291] Specifically, the integrated management device 40 may set charging prohibition times and discharging prohibition times for the energy management device 10. At this time, a logical OR operation is performed with the charging prohibition times and discharging prohibition times set by the user in the energy management device 10. Therefore, the integrated management device 40 can set charging prohibition, discharging prohibition, etc. for the energy management device 10 when the system is congested, when supply and demand are tight, or when there is a power surplus.

[0292] Furthermore, the integrated managing device 40 may set a forced charge / discharge value by specifying a charge value or a discharge value and its timing for the energy management device 10. The integrated managing device 40 may also sequentially set forced charge / discharge values ​​for the energy management device 10. However, if a forced charge / discharge value has been set by the user in the energy management device 10, the forced charge / discharge value from the integrated managing device 40 is rejected.

[0293] In addition, if the maximum discharge value and maximum charge value set by the integrated management device 40 exceed the maximum discharge value and maximum charge value set by the user in the energy management device 10, they will be limited to the maximum discharge value and maximum charge value set by the user in the energy management device 10.

[0294] As a result, the integrated management device 40 can issue charge / discharge commands directly to the energy management device 10, which can be used to respond to supply and demand adjustment markets, etc. In emergencies that cannot be avoided by guidance alone, such as when the system is congested, supply and demand is tight, or there is a power surplus, the integrated management device 40 can resolve these issues by issuing "strong restrictions and commands."

[0295] Next, we will explain the "weak restriction." The integrated management device 40 may set a maximum discharge value and a maximum charge value for the energy management device 10. However, the values ​​set by the user in the energy management device 10 take priority, and settings from the integrated management device 40 are permitted only within a range that does not exceed the maximum discharge value and maximum charge value set by the user in the energy management device 10.

[0296] With the above functions, when the grid is congested, when supply and demand is tight, or when there is a power surplus, the integrated management device 40 can set the energy management device 10 to suppress charging and discharging. The above functions can also be used to mitigate simultaneous charging of the batteries of the electric vehicles 2.

[0297] Finally, we will explain "weak induction." The integrated management device 40 may distribute electricity rate information, such as current electricity rate information and electricity rate forecast information, to the energy management device 10. Although a huge amount of processing is required for the integrated management device 40 to individually control the batteries of a large number of electric vehicles 2, distribution of the electricity rate information enables rough control.

[0298] [Other embodiments] The above-described embodiment may be modified or changed as appropriate.

[0299] The integrated management device 40 and the energy management device 10 according to the embodiment can also be used for adjusting supply and demand in a microgrid. This can be achieved by providing the energy management device 10 at each consumer facility and using the integrated management device 40 in the microgrid. By enabling the electric vehicle 2 to perform control according to the frequency and voltage at the interconnection point, the contribution to this utilization can be further increased.

[0300] The integrated management device 40 and the energy management device 10 according to the embodiment can also be used for decentralizing charging in apartment buildings. The energy management device 10 can be installed in each home and tenant, and the integrated management device 40 can be installed in the EMS and building management system of the apartment building.

[0301] Regarding peak shaving, when the forward power flow at the interconnection point exceeds a first set value, the energy management device 10 reduces the charge value of the batteries of the electric vehicles 2 currently being charged, starting with those with sufficient charge time or those with the lowest charge rate, until the value falls below a second set value. When the integrated management device 40 sets forced charging / discharging additively, the energy management device 10 adds a forced discharge command. When the integrated management device 40 does not set forced charging / discharging additively, the energy management device 10 reduces the charge value by lowering it from the maximum charge value at the current time.

[0302] When the reverse power flow at the interconnection point exceeds the first set value, the energy management device 10 suppresses the discharge value of the batteries of the electric vehicles 2 currently discharging, starting with the battery with the highest discharge rate, until it falls below the second set value. The energy management device 10 increases the charge value of the batteries of the electric vehicles 2 currently charging, starting with the battery with the least remaining charge time or the battery with the lowest charge rate. When the integrated management device 40 sets forced charging and discharging additively, the energy management device 10 adds a forced charging command.

[0303] The relationship between the V2X system 1 and the integrated management device 40 may be hierarchical in multiple stages. The energy management device 10 of the V2X system 1 determines a charge / discharge plan and a required charge amount, maximum discharge amount, maximum charge value, and maximum discharge value in consideration of set constraint conditions and objective functions. The integrated management device 40 aggregates the charge / discharge plan and required charge amount, maximum discharge amount, maximum charge value, and maximum discharge value set in the energy management device 10 to determine the overall required charge amount, maximum discharge amount, maximum charge value, and maximum discharge value, and solves the overall objective function to calculate the overall plan value, individual guidance commands, etc.

[0304] 22 is a configuration diagram of an energy management system 100 according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure, including a host integrated management device 50. As shown in the figure, the energy management system 100 may include the host integrated management device 50 as a host device of the integrated management device 40.

[0305] The upper-level integrated management device 50 aggregates the overall charge / discharge plan calculated by the integrated management device 40 and the overall required charge amount, maximum discharge amount, maximum charge value, and maximum discharge value, determines the overall required charge amount, maximum discharge amount, maximum charge value, and maximum discharge value for the upper level, solves the overall objective function for the upper level, and calculates the upper level overall plan value and guidance commands for each integrated management device 40, etc.

[0306] The integrated management device 40 calculates and modifies the overall planned value, individual guidance commands, etc. based on the restrictions, commands, and guidance from the upper integrated management device 50. The integrated management device 40 takes into account the commands, prohibitions, etc. from the upper integrated management device 50, but is able to cooperate with the upper integrated management device 50 without deviating from the overall constraints of the integrated management device 40.

[0307] The energy management device 10 calculates charge / discharge plan values ​​based on the restrictions, commands, and guidance from the integrated management device 40. The energy management device 10 takes into account the commands, prohibitions, etc. from the integrated management device 40, but is able to cooperate with the integrated management device 40 without deviating from the constraints set in the energy management device 10.

[0308] Furthermore, the energy management device 10 according to this embodiment is not limited to electric vehicles 2 as a power storage device, but is also applicable to power charging and discharging systems that combine a power storage means and a power discharging means, such as a storage battery PCS (Power Conditioning System), a power charging and discharging system using a flywheel, and a power charging and discharging system that includes a hydrogen power generation device and a hydrogen production device.

[0309] The energy management device 10 according to this embodiment can perform operation and control of charging and discharging while satisfying user needs regarding the operation of the electric vehicle 2 used for V2H or VPP, and various constraints when using the battery mounted on the electric vehicle 2 for V2H or VPP. Therefore, the energy management device 10 can perform more suitable control of charging and discharging for the electric vehicle 2 used for V2H or VPP.

[0310] Although the embodiments have been described above, they are presented as examples and the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments can be implemented in various other forms, and various combinations, omissions, substitutions, modifications, etc. can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. These embodiments and their modifications are included within the scope and spirit of the invention, and are also included in the scope of the invention and its equivalents as set forth in the claims. [Explanation of symbols]

[0311] 2 Electric vehicles (power storage devices) 10 Energy management device 11 Local Settings Database 12 Schedule Calculation Section 13 Constraint Database 14 Scheduling Database 15 Charge / discharge command value calculation unit 16 Consistency check and correction section 17 Upper Configuration Database 40 Integrated management device 41 Task setting section 42 Overall Planning Calculation Department 43 Planned Value Allocation Department 100 Energy Management System PG power system

Claims

1. An energy management device used in a power system to which at least a power storage device is electrically connected, a local setting database storing local setting data including data relating to a target charge / discharge time indicating a time when a battery of the power storage device should reach a predetermined charge amount; a schedule calculation unit that calculates a charge amount plan value or a charge / discharge plan value from the power grid to the battery based on the local setting data; An energy management device comprising:

2. a constraint database storing constraint data including at least one of a device protection constraint based on the performance and state of the battery, a charge amount upper limit that is an upper limit of the charge amount to which the battery is charged, a charge value upper limit of the battery, and a discharge value upper limit of the battery; the schedule calculation unit calculates the charge amount plan value and the charge / discharge plan value from the power grid to the battery based on the local setting data and the constraint data. The energy management device of claim 1 .

3. the charging amount plan value and the charging / discharging plan value are stored as a scheduling database; a charge / discharge command value calculation unit that calculates charge / discharge command values ​​to be transmitted to a power converter and a charger / discharger that charge / discharge the battery based on the charge amount plan value or the charge / discharge plan value at the time; The energy management device of claim 1 .

4. The local setting data includes at least one of a required charge amount of the battery at the target charge / discharge time, a required charge amount of the battery at an arbitrary time, a maximum charge amount or available capacity, a forced discharge value, a forced charge value, a maximum charge value, a maximum discharge value, a charge prohibition time, a discharge prohibition time, electricity price information for charging the battery, and electricity usage information. The energy management device of claim 1 .

5. The device further includes a consistency check correction unit that corrects the charge / discharge amount of the battery based on at least one of a required charge amount and a maximum charge amount of the battery and at least one of a maximum charge value and a maximum discharge value of the battery. The energy management device of claim 1 .

6. The consistency check correction unit correcting the required charge amount and the maximum charge amount of the battery by calculating at least one of the required charge amount and the maximum charge amount according to a set value of the maximum charge value and the maximum discharge value of the battery at a time that is earlier than the target charge / discharge time, based on at least one of the required charge amount and the maximum charge amount of the battery; The energy management device of claim 5 .

7. The consistency check correction unit correcting the required charge amount and the maximum charge amount of the battery by calculating at least one of the required charge amount and the maximum charge amount in the future from the current time based on the charge amount of the battery at the current time and the maximum charge value and maximum discharge value of the battery; The energy management device of claim 5 .

8. a schedule calculation unit that calculates the charge amount plan value or the charge / discharge plan value for the battery and an evaluation value of the objective function based on an objective function formulated so that the charge amount of the battery is at least equal to or greater than the predetermined charge amount set in the local setting data; The energy management device of claim 1 .

9. When a plurality of optimal solutions are obtained for the charge amount plan value or the charge / discharge plan value for the battery and the evaluation value of the objective function, the schedule calculation unit determines a solution based on at least one extraction condition among minimizing the charge / discharge amount of the battery, maximizing the charge / discharge margin of the battery, and minimizing the time it takes for the battery to reach the predetermined charge amount. The energy management device of claim 8 .

10. The objective function includes at least one parameter of a power selling cost coefficient related to power selling in the power grid and a power purchasing cost coefficient related to power purchase. The energy management device of claim 8 .

11. The objective function includes: an amount of power charged to the battery in excess of the predetermined charge amount at the target charge / discharge time; and and the higher of the electricity selling price and the electricity purchasing price for a predetermined period. The energy management device of claim 10.

12. An energy management system including an integrated management device and an energy management device communicatively connected to the integrated management device in a power system to which at least a power storage device is electrically connected, The integrated management device transmits upper level setting data to the energy management device, which sets limitations, commands, and guidance regarding charging and discharging of the battery of the power storage device; the energy management device includes a host setting database that stores host setting data; The energy management device acquiring the upper setting database from the integrated management device; a local setting database storing local setting data including data relating to target charging and discharging times of the battery; a schedule calculation unit that calculates a charge amount plan value or a charge / discharge plan value for the battery based on the upper setting database and the local setting data; Energy management system with

13. the higher-level setting data includes at least one of a charge amount reference value, a charge / discharge reference value calculated based on a change in the charge amount reference value per predetermined time, and constraint information set in the integrated management device; The energy management system of claim 12.

14. The energy management device The system further includes a schedule calculation unit that calculates an objective function formulated so that the battery is charged to a predetermined amount or more of the amount set by the local setting data, and calculates the charge amount plan value or the charge / discharge plan value for the battery and an evaluation value of the objective function based on the higher-level setting data. The energy management system of claim 12.

15. the schedule calculation unit compares an evaluation value of the objective function calculated based on the higher-level setting data with an evaluation value of the objective function calculated based on the local setting data, and adopts the charge amount plan value or the charge / discharge plan value for the battery having the better calculated evaluation value. The energy management system of claim 14.

16. the schedule calculation unit adopts the charge amount plan value or the charge / discharge plan value for the battery calculated based on the higher-level setting data when the evaluation value of the objective function calculated based on the higher-level setting data is the same as the evaluation value of the objective function calculated based on the local setting data. The energy management system of claim 15.

17. the energy management device transmits to the integrated management device energy resource information including the charge amount plan value or the charge / discharge plan value for the battery, the required charge amount of the battery, the maximum charge amount of the battery, or the required free capacity of the battery; The energy management system of claim 12.

18. The energy resource information further includes interconnection point information in the power system.

18. The energy management system of claim 17.

19. The integrated management device included in the energy management system according to any one of claims 12 to 18, a task setting unit that determines a task according to the demand or supply of power in the power grid in the area to which the power storage device is connected and a resource that is a chargeable and dischargeable battery of the power storage device; an overall plan calculation unit that calculates an overall plan value for each of the tasks based on at least one of a required charge amount for the entire power system and a maximum charge amount for the battery, which are included in each of the tasks; a planned value allocation unit that allocates the resources in a predetermined manner by calculating at least one of a charge amount reference value, a charge / discharge reference value, and constraint information to be distributed to each of the resources according to the task; An integrated management device equipped with:

20. the task setting unit performs an exclusive process so that any one of the resources is not counted for a plurality of the tasks in the same time period; The integrated management device according to claim 19.

21. the task setting unit calculates a total value for each time slot of the required charge amount, the maximum charge amount, the maximum discharge value, the maximum charge value, the charge amount plan value, or the charge / discharge plan value of the resource that is the target of each of the tasks, and sets the total value as the overall required charge amount, the maximum charge amount, the maximum discharge value, the maximum charge value, the charge amount plan value, or the charge / discharge plan value for that time slot. The integrated management device according to claim 19.

22. the overall plan calculation unit calculates an evaluation value of an objective function according to the purpose of each of the tasks, and calculates an overall plan value for each of the tasks. The integrated management device according to claim 19.

23. the overall plan calculation unit calculates the overall plan value that realizes either minimizing the sum of absolute values ​​of charge and discharge values ​​of the battery or minimizing the maximum value of charge power of the battery when each of the tasks performs control to avoid congestion in the power grid by distributing the resources to be charged; The integrated management device according to claim 19.

24. the overall plan calculation unit calculates the overall plan value that realizes maximization of an increase in the charge amount of the battery connected to the power grid when each of the tasks performs control to avoid surplus power from the renewable energy power generation facility. The integrated management device according to claim 19.

25. the overall plan calculation unit sets a target value according to the requested time and compensation when each of the tasks performs supply and demand adjustment and when each task performs control to minimize an imbalance, which is the difference between the currently supplied power and the requested power, and calculates the overall plan value that minimizes the difference from the target value. The integrated management device according to claim 19.

26. The predetermined method by which the planned value allocation unit allocates the resources is an all-unit allocation method for allocating the resources to batteries of all the power storage devices connected to the power grid according to the tasks, The planned value allocation unit When each of the tasks adjusts supply and demand and performs control to minimize an imbalance, which is the difference between currently supplied power and requested power, the all-unit allocation method is selected. The integrated management device according to claim 19.

27. The all-unit allocation method determines the charge amount reference value by aligning the initial value of the resource with the overall planned value and re-allocating the deviation between the overall planned value and the sum of the charge amount reference values ​​of the resources in accordance with the magnitude of the adjustment margin for charging and discharging the battery that each of the resources has in a direction to eliminate the deviation. The integrated management device according to claim 26.

28. The predetermined method by which the planned value allocation unit allocates the resources is a device number rotation allocation method for sequentially allocating the resources to batteries of one or more of the power storage devices connected to the power grid, The planned value allocation unit selecting the unit number rotation allocation method when each of the tasks performs control to avoid congestion in the power grid by distributing the resources to be charged and when each task performs control to avoid surplus power from renewable energy power generation facilities; The integrated management device according to claim 19.

29. The vehicle number rotation allocation method allocates the resources in descending order of an evaluation index relating to which resource's task should be preferentially allocated in a predetermined time period, sets the charge amount reference value at a time before the predetermined time period as an initial value, and determines the charge amount reference value by re-allocating the deviation between the overall plan value and the total value of the charge amount reference values ​​of the resources in accordance with the amount of adjustment margin for charging and discharging the battery that each resource has in a direction to eliminate the deviation. The integrated management device according to claim 28.

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