Vegetable breeding methods

Abstract

There was no technology to crossbreed mint, an herb of the mint family, with edible herb vegetables, making this difficult using conventional technology. Furthermore, there was no method to intentionally induce mutations to create new varieties of vegetables while utilizing the growing conditions of the herbs and vegetables, and then breed them by blending the flavors. [Solution] This is a vegetable breeding method in which mint, an herb of the Lamiaceae family, and edible herb vegetables are planted in soil to impart the aroma of the mint to the herb vegetables. The mint and herb vegetables are planted at a specified distance from each other and pressed for a specified period of time, causing the herb vegetables to mutate into a new variety. The soil is then dried at a specified temperature, and fertilizer is applied to impart the aerobic properties of the mint to the herb vegetables.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This is a breeding method that utilizes the principles of the herb breeding method invented by the applicant and clarifies the conditions to intentionally absorb aromatic components into vegetables such as cabbage and kale, which was not possible before. [Background technology]

[0002] Until now, methods for breeding herbs have been developed, and they exist (see Patent Document 1).

[0003] However, herbs and vegetables are distinct species and have not been crossbred, so there are no breeding methods.

[0004] Even in nature, natural hybridization between herbs and vegetables has not been confirmed. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] Patent No. 7385070 [Non-patent literature]

[0006] [Non-Patent Document 1] "Discovery of underground information exchange in plants: Communication between plant strains connected by rhizomes" Niigata University (https: / / www.niigata-u.ac.jp / news / 2022 / 100246 / ) Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0007] With conventional technology, there were few ways to intentionally crossbreed herbs to create new varieties. While genome editing technology made it possible, it was expensive and took many years to crossbreed.

[0008] The solution to this problem is Patent Document 1, which is the patent of the applicant of the present application. I would like to refer to Non-Patent Document 1 as evidence.

[0009] Even in Patent Document 1, it has become possible for herbs to be combined with each other. However, it was impossible with regard to herbs and other different types of plants.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0010] According to the invention of claim 1, a method for breeding vegetables, which comprises planting mint, a herb of the Lamiaceae family, and herb vegetables, which are edible herbs, in soil and imparting the aroma of the mint to the herb vegetables, wherein the planting distance D1 between the mint and the herb vegetables is 300 cm ≤ D1 ≤ 400 cm, a pressing step of arranging a weight on the soil of the mint and applying a pressure of 0.5 Pascal ≤ P ≤ 10 Pascal-kilo for a period of 20 days or more and 30 days or less, a stress-imparting step of releasing from the pressing and depleting nutrients and moisture while ensuring that it does not wither for 24 hours or more and 72 hours, and a drying step of naturally drying the soil under the condition that the temperature T1 is 0°C < T1 ≤ 10°C. When performing a fertilization step of spraying fertilizer after the drying step, the aroma of the mint is imparted to the herb vegetables by applying fertilizer when the alley has dried out and become parched. A method for breeding plants, characterized by this.

[0011] According to the invention of claim 2, the herb vegetables bred by the breeding method of claim 1 and another vegetable are planted in soil at a planting distance D2 of 280 cm ≤ D2 ≤ 380 cm, and the plants are bred by applying fertilizer when the alley has dried out and become parched under the condition that the temperature T1 is 0°C < T1 ≤ 10°C. The method for breeding plants according to claim 1, characterized by this.

[0012] According to the invention of claim 3, the mint of the herb has the characteristics of both the spearmint strain and the peppermint strain or is only the spearmint strain. The method for breeding plants according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized by this.

Advantages of the Invention

[0013] While natural light is possible, an even simpler method is to use artificial light at a level between 30 and 75 lux, which is the light intensity for human consumption, and leave the parent vegetable seedlings to grow for 60 to 90 minutes while checking for signs of nutrient depletion. When the seedlings begin to show signs of starvation, they become lifeless and begin to lose moisture, significantly decreasing in freshness. When this happens, they are given water and a blended aroma oil with a molecular weight of around 200. This allows the seedlings to absorb both moisture and aromatic compounds at the same time, giving them a fragrance that will help them survive.

[0014] In terms of fragrance compatibility, vegetables with strong aromas are best, and mint goes well with sweet and spicy varieties.

[0015] It is also possible to cross-breed mint seedlings with vegetable seedlings by spacing them between 5 and 15 cm apart. By adding a blended aroma oil with a molecular weight of about 200 and adjusting the light intensity, it is possible to impart multiple scents. Otherwise, at distances of 5 cm or less, either no hybridization occurred, or hybridization took longer than expected, more than two months. At distances of 15 cm or more, no change occurred. Similarly, at distances of 300 cm or less in D1, either no hybridization occurred, or hybridization took longer than expected, more than two months. At distances of 400 cm or more, no change occurred. At distances of 280 cm or less in D2, either hybridization did not occur, or hybridization took longer than expected, more than two months, and no change occurred at distances of 380 cm or more. From this, it can be seen that hybridization may take longer than expected at short distances, but hybridization will not occur at distances greater than the specified distance.

[0016] As the stress application step 1, the temperature is 0°C < T1 ≤ 10°C, and the first condition is that this state continues for 20 days or more and 30 days or less. When this condition is satisfied, when the seedlings of vegetables, which are signs of hunger, lack vitality, are losing moisture, and their freshness has significantly decreased, moisture and aroma components with a molecular weight of about 200 are provided. As a result, in order for the vegetable seedlings to survive, they absorb moisture and aroma components simultaneously, and the aroma can be imparted to the vegetable seedlings. When this occurs, the aroma changes and a new variety is formed.

[0017] And as the distance between the mint and the vegetable stock, it is necessary to keep a distance of 300 cm ≤ D1 ≤ 400 cm, and during that time, it should be completely weed-free. The reason is to purely change the aroma. If there are other plants, their aroma components will also transfer.

[0018] By adding a weed-free state and life-sustaining stress, the control of the aroma becomes possible. This is done by putting soil or the like with a pressure of 0.5 to 10 kilopascals in a container on top of the parent seedlings of mint before or after the breeding is completed. Then, the roots visible above the ground of the parent herb are compressed. As a result, the parent mint feels stress and receives nutrients from the parent seedlings of the vegetables at a distance of 300 cm ≤ D1 ≤ 400 cm, and in return, the parent mint provides aroma components to the parent seedlings of the vegetables. Observe the situation for 20 days or more and 30 days or less in this state. During this period, the water is normal and the soil is kept in a moist state without becoming dry.

[0019] By pressing mint such as holy mint, the aroma is enhanced, and when the pressing continues for a long period of 20 days or more and 30 days or more, the life-sustaining stress reaches its maximum, and it absorbs and hybridizes with fruit vegetables such as wild strawberry strains of chili strawberries that are nearby or next to it, where the fruit is a strawberry but the leaves are herbs. The pressure on the soil where the mint is growing blocks sunlight. This causes the stems to turn white and begin to have a stronger fragrance. The soil temperature also drops due to morning dew and does not rise due to sunlight, so it remains around 5 to 10°C. Under these conditions, mint can survive and absorb and cross-breed with other varieties and fruit-like vegetables. Using this principle, by planting compatible fruit-like vegetables in a weed-free environment, it is possible to breed in 20 to 30 days. The condition should be constantly monitored.

[0020] Regarding pressure, the amount of pressure applied differed depending on the variety. For fruit vegetables, the pressure started at 0.5 kilopascals. The pressure was applied to the soil around the main body of the plant above ground. This caused the stress reaction described above, which changed the aroma, taste, and nutrients.

[0021] Regarding leafy vegetables, honey mint is compressed when breeding honey kale. When compressing mint, the pressure is set at 10 kilopascals, and the above-ground part of the rhizome is compressed, just like fruit vegetables. This transfers the honey aroma to the curly kale, turning it into honey kale.

[0022] For vegetables and herb vegetables to hybridize, a certain distance is necessary and stress is also important. Hybridization is easier when the temperature is low, at 3°C ​​or below. Hybridization did not occur in spring or summer. In the case of vegetables, hybridization requires a great deal of vitality, and nutrients quickly become depleted, making the vegetables themselves prone to becoming very small.

[0023] Therefore, it was necessary to apply fertilizer containing phosphorus and thin out the leaves to allow the whole plant to get more sunlight. By doing this, the taste and the size of the bulbs improved.

[0024] When crossbreeding vegetables and herb vegetables, maintaining a constant distance alone would take time, so communication between the vegetables and herb vegetables was necessary. To impart fragrance and speed up the crossbreeding process, it was necessary to use other plants as intermediaries. Through experiments and consideration, it was discovered that although Japanese daffodil met the distance requirements, it was not able to act as an intermediary in the communication due to its toxicity and incompatibility. The best plants to act as intermediaries were perennial plants that are fragrant and have strong vitality.

[0025] It was mint, a type of herb. The fact that mint communicates with horsetail and mugwort is described in detail in the herb breeding method patented by the earlier applicant. It is clear that mint communicates with other herbs, including horsetail and mugwort, and exchanges nutrients and aromatic compounds with other mints in the vicinity. This means that the new varieties born from the earlier applicant's patented herb breeding method have more diverse communication abilities than existing varieties.

[0026] A new variety, honey mint, was developed using the applicant's patented herb breeding method. Using this as a parent herb seedling, hybridization was confirmed with curly kale, an herb vegetable, grown at a distance of 300 cm ≦ D1 ≦ 400 cm. The applicant's patented herb breeding method requires a distance of 15 cm to 25 cm between herbs, but the distance between mint and herb vegetables was longer.

[0027] When honey mint and curly kale were grown at a distance of 300 cm ≤ D1 ≤ 400 cm or less, hybridization was completed within 7 to 14 days by applying only 4 to 8 drops of liquid fertilizer twice a week, and the curly kale became a new variety, honey kale. The temperature was 0°C ≤ T1 ≤ 10°C. Water was provided only by natural rain and morning dew. The honey mint survived as the original variety.

[0028] There were also changes and hybridization in this honey kale. A plurality of plants of rocket, a herb vegetable, and cabbage, a vegetable, were planted at a distance of 280 cm ≤ D2 ≤ 380 cm from the honey kale. There was no liquid fertilizer. Water was only natural rain and morning dew. The temperature was 0°C < T1 ≤ 10°C. Hybridization was confirmed in early March 2024. To describe from the conclusion, rocket and cabbage hybridized with the honey kale. It was the same period. It was confirmed when the honey kale was in bloom. At that time, there were no flowers on the rocket and cabbage, and there were no bees or locusts that could pollinate due to late winter. Therefore, hybridization by pollen is impossible. Carefully planted mint, curly kale, and cabbage seedlings in pots and bred them under the same conditions.

[0029] A new variety of honey kale and cabbage is called honey curl. Because of the smell of honey, the unique bitterness of kale is eliminated, and it feels slightly sweet. Conversely, the characteristics of cabbage were not imparted to honey mint.

[0030] Regarding the choice of fragrance, although honey mint was used this time, if the conditions are the same, changing the mint will result in different fragrances imparted to kale and curl. For example, if it is fruit-flavored mint, kale and curl with fruit flavors will be born. As described above, the imparting of fragrance is also flexible.

[0031] It is the hybridization of honey kale and cabbage. Not only is the hybridization distance different from that of herbs, but it is also different from the hybridization distance between honey mint and curly kale. The distance is also as long as 280 cm ≤ D2 ≤ 380 cm, and it was important that there were herbs along that line. Regarding mint and herbs, it was found that the communication between the patented herbs and shepherd's purse described by the applicant of this application also occurs among mint, herb vegetables, and vegetables. First, honey mint and curly kale measure communication, and mint passes the fragrant components of honey to curly kale. Curly kale gave its rich vitality to honey mint. As a result, both honey mint and curly kale can survive even under strong stress. And both are reborn as new varieties.

[0032] Curly kale does this to cabbage, imparting the sweetness and rich nutrients of the honey kale to the cabbage, and receiving the nutrients of the cabbage from the cabbage. Here too, a major innovation was made. The question was whether to impart vitality or aromatic components. First, the vegetables in question must possess aromatic components. If both possess aromatic components, an exchange of aromatic components occurs. This results in a new variety. This is the key point. Sharing vitality requires that the vitality be excessive. And that doesn't mean that one plant alone must have sufficient vitality. The vitality of the surrounding plants is added together. There is also a specified distance, and the plants must be the same species within a 60cm radius.

[0033] The reason one parent is mint is to allow communication with herbs or vegetables, and to impart aromatic compounds. Communication would not be possible if the parent seedling was a vegetable. Therefore, one parent must be mint. Mints also come in different strains, each with different strengths in communication. Peppermint strains are primarily good at communicating with other herbs. Spearmint strains are versatile and can communicate with anyone, but their scent is a little weaker than peppermint strains. For this reason, a type like Holy Mint, which has both properties and was bred under the applicant's patent, is preferable.

[0034] The same thing happened with curly kale under the same conditions. Curly kale is a fully grown vegetable and a superfood. While curly kale does not threaten other varieties, hybridization between curly kale and mint can occur when there is a nearby herb that meets the criteria described in the prior art. As noted in the prior art, plants communicate and exchange nutrients and aromatic compounds through their roots and stems in the ground. The same thing happened with curly kale, which is also a vegetable. This occurred at a distance of 300 cm ≤ D1 ≤ 400 cm and at a temperature of 0°C ≤ T1 ≤ 10°C. Furthermore, the master plant of honey mint under hybridization was also pressure-bred. This caused severe stress, resulting in the exchange of aromatic compounds with the neighboring curly kale. In other words, the honey mint received nutrients from the curly kale, and in return, the honey mint provided the curly kale with its aromatic honey components. This theory also suggests that other vegetables, especially leafy superfoods, can be given a minty flavor.

[0035] The breeding method of this invention was tested indoors, in an environment free of pollinating insects, under the same temperature and other conditions. Naturally, the parent seedlings were not in flower, and there were no pollinating insects indoors either. Therefore, pollination was impossible, but just to be safe, the parent seedlings were covered with plastic bags and bred. As a result, the appearance of the vegetable seedlings changed after breeding. The leaves were slightly purple, and the outer taste was a mixture of the bitterness of kale and the sweetness of cabbage. The sweetness increased as one approached the center core. The appearance was cabbage except for the slightly purple outer leaves, but the aroma and taste had a honey-like flavor. To distinguish this variety, it was given the provisional name Honey Mint, a new variety of curly kale, and Honey Kale, as it was a new cabbage variety.

[0036] Honey kale is a new variety called honey mint, developed under the applicant's patent no. 7385070. This variety is a combination of black locust and spearmint. This honey mint was developed as a new variety using the breeding method of this invention, and then crossed with curly kale to create honey kale.

[0037] Regarding the component analysis results of honey caramel. It is a new variety that can be bred by specifying the compression and distance of 10 kilopascals of parent mint. The nutrients are as described in Drawing 1. According to the data, the lipid is twice that of the existing variety, and for sodium and the like, it is more than 10 times. Therefore, this breeding method is beneficial for vegetables and fruit vegetables and is optimal for rapidly increasing nutrients.

[0038] Regarding the method of identifying the signs of the starvation state, it is also described in Patent No. 7385070 of the applicant of this application. Harvest the stem of the herb mint and leave the mint exposed to the outside air for 60 minutes or more and within 90 minutes. Consider the state where the leaves are listless and facing downward as a sign of the starvation state.

[0039] There is natural rainfall. The rainfall has little nutrient and is for temporary life support. And the moisture is basically in the ground or underground. At the initial stage of rainfall, since there is also moisture on the ground, plants can easily absorb moisture. In fact, there are also periods when the moisture is likely to dry up after the end of the rainy season or in summer when plants are alive. From the end of the rainy season to summer, there is moisture accumulated underground or in the ground. If plants can absorb it, they can survive.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0040] [Figure 1] Final result of component analysis

Modes for Carrying Out the Invention

[0041] Plant mint and edible herbs at a distance of 300 cm ≤ D1 ≤ 400 cm. And apply a pressure of 0.5 ≤ P ≤ 10 kilopascals as the compression process. When the compression period is 20 days or more and 30 days or less, release the compression and leave it for 24 hours or more and 72 hours to identify the signs of depletion of nutrients and moisture. When it is in a depleted state, let the soil dry naturally when the temperature is 0°C < T1 ≤ 10°C, and when it is from March to April without rainfall and without insects and the alley is dry and parched, apply fertilizer to impart the aroma of the mint to the herb vegetables.

[0042] Plant the herbaceous vegetable with the mint aroma and another vegetable different from it in the soil at a planting distance D2 of 280 cm ≤ D2 ≤ 380 cm. Under the condition that the air temperature T1 is 0°C < T1 ≤ 10°C, watering is not carried out. Based on the rainfall in March to April in the Kanto region of Japan, when there is only rainfall and morning dew, there is no rainfall, and there are no insects, fertilize when the alley becomes dry and parched to breed the plant as the next step.

[0043] It is not the case that any variety of mint is acceptable. There are conditions. It is easier to explain by taking mint as an example among herbs in particular. It is the strain of mint. Mint includes peppermint strain, spearmint strain, apple mint strain, and other strains. The aroma components absorbed and different varieties are completely different depending on the strain.

[0044] For the peppermint strain, experiments were conducted using the technology of the prior art that was my basis to crossbreed with wild strawberry further. As a result, there was no change even after 180 days passed and each grew individually. However, conversely, it is good at crossbreeding between the same species, especially has good compatibility with the apple mint strain and the crossbreeding is fast.

[0045] The spearmint strain can crossbreed even with different species. And it is a bit bad at crossbreeding between the same species, but it is possible if given time. As for the period, for the peppermint strain, it takes 21 to 28 days if they are of the same species, while the spearmint strain requires 60 days. Therefore, crossbreeding between spearmint strains should be avoided.

[0046] Regarding the apple mint strain. This strain rarely threatens other varieties with runners or rhizomes. However, it grows fast and is easily affected conversely by other varieties. And it is also characterized by being strong in resistance to cold, heat, etc., and often becomes a woolly type with hair growing.

[0047] The apple mint strain is useful for imparting resistance. By using the breeding methods described in the prior art, it is possible to intentionally impart resistance to diseases, heat, and cold. As a result, the strain changes to a woolly type with downy hair. Other strains are rarely encountered and offer no advantage.

[0048] By selecting the above strains and carrying out pressure breeding, it became possible to crossbreed them with fruit-like vegetables. The first variety produced using this breeding method was a cross between Hijiri Saint Mint and a wild strawberry strain of Chilean strawberry. At the same time, a reverse crossbreeding, a Chilean strawberry with a Saint Mint flavor, was also successfully created.

[0049] Aromatic compounds were given to the plants when they were starved without pressure, but although the aromatic compounds remaining in the soil gave off an aroma, the vegetable seedlings did not give off any scent, and there was no change in appearance. This variety was sunny lettuce. This showed that pressure is an important factor. No pressure was necessary for herbs, but it was necessary for vegetables and fruit vegetables. The pressure required for fruit vegetables was around 0.5 kilopascals, and changes occurred when the pressure was released after the specified period of around 30 days. As mentioned above, no changes occurred with no pressure, so pressure is necessary.

[0050] Holy Mint is a new variety of mint with parent mints of the peppermint and spearmint families, and this hybridization occurred because it possesses the characteristics of both. If this were to be done with other herbs, it would first be necessary to cross a mint of the spearmint family with an herb using the breeding method described in the prior art. The peppermint family is selected depending on the species to be crossed. This allows for the breeding of new varieties by crossing all mints with fruit-like vegetables and fruit trees, taking into account the fact that they are young seedlings.

[0051] The method of identifying signs of starvation is also described in the applicant's Patent No. 7385070, which involves harvesting the stems of mint herbs and leaving them exposed to the air for 60 to 90 minutes, and the signs of starvation are when the leaves become lifeless and point downward.

[0052] Natural rainfall occurs. Rainfall contains few nutrients and is only a temporary source of life support. Water is generally found underground or beneath the ground. At the beginning of rainfall, there is water above ground as well, making it easy for plants to absorb. It is true that there are times when plants are prone to running out of water, such as after the rainy season and in summer. From the end of the rainy season through to summer, water accumulates underground and beneath the ground. If plants can absorb this water, they can survive.

[0053] Communicator plants absorb water from underground and also gather nutrients from the soil and underground. These communicator plants vary depending on the base plant, i.e. herb, vegetable, or flower. However, they all do the same thing.

[0054] The job of communicator plants is to absorb water and nutrients from underground and provide them to the base plant. For this reason, it is essential that communicator plants have long, strong underground stems. These communicator plants release water and nutrients through the underground stems of the base plant and into the area around the stems. Communicator plants determine whether the base plant's vitality has weakened by the strength of its aromatic compounds. The communicator plants determine that a weak aromatic component means the entire plant is lifeless and in danger of dying, and so they absorb moisture and nutrients from underground and release them within the reach of the base plant's rhizomes. The base plant is struggling to survive and is weak, so it needs water and nutrients immediately. If they are within reach of its rhizomes, they will extend their rhizomes to absorb them. Once they are replenished with water and nutrients and regain their strength, the amount of aromatic compounds released will return to normal. The communicator plants sense this and stop releasing water and nutrients, using them themselves.

[0055] The reverse can also happen. When the base plant is vibrant and has plenty of spare capacity, it cannot gather as much water as the communicator plant, but it releases moisture, nutrients, and aromatic compounds within the reach of the rhizomes of the communicator plant, which is struggling to survive, for absorption. In this case, the communicator plant also receives aromatic compounds. This is plant-to-plant communication.

[0056] The communicator plant in this invention was the herb mint. [Example]

[0057] Five varieties have been successfully cultivated, including honey kale and honey kale, as well as fruit vegetables. [Industrial Applicability]

[0058] Breeding new varieties of herb vegetables with fruit characteristics

[0059] Breeding new varieties of herb vegetables with herbal properties

[0060] Serving herb vegetables as a dish

Claims

1. A method for breeding vegetables, comprising planting mint, an herb of the Lamiaceae family, and an edible herb vegetable in soil, and imparting the aroma of the mint to the herb vegetable, The planting distance D1 between the mint and the herb vegetable is 300 cm≦D1≦400 cm, a compressing step of placing a weight on the soil around the mint and applying a pressure of 0.5 Pa≦P≦10 Pa / kg for a period of 20 to 30 days; and a stressing step of depleting nutrients and water for 24 to 72 hours after the pressure is released so that the mint does not wither. A vegetable breeding method comprising: a drying step in which soil is naturally dried under the condition of an air temperature T1 of 0°C < T1 ≦ 10°C; and a fertilizing step in which fertilizer is sprayed after the drying step, wherein the fertilizing step imparts the aroma of mint to the herb vegetable by applying fertilizer.

2. The herb vegetable bred by the breeding method of claim 1 and another vegetable, The seeds are planted in soil at a planting distance D2 of 280 cm ≦ D2 ≦ 380 cm, and the temperature T1 is 0°C < T1 ≦ 10°C.

2. The method for breeding vegetables according to claim 1, wherein the vegetables are bred by applying fertilizer when the alley becomes dry and parched.

3. 3. The method for breeding vegetables according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the mint herb has characteristics of both spearmint and peppermint, or is only spearmint.

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