Laminate

Abstract

The objective is to provide a laminate that can suppress the halo phenomenon while ensuring good brightness in a display device capable of local dimming. [Solution] A laminate comprising a low-reflection film and a functional layer, wherein the low-reflection film has a luminous mean reflectance of 0.05% or more and 5% or less, and a total light transmittance of 93% or more, and the functional layer is a film cured in which a liquid crystalline compound and a dichroic dye are oriented perpendicular to the layer plane, and the amount c (parts by mass) of the dichroic dye per 100 parts by mass of the liquid crystalline compound contained in the functional layer and the thickness t (μm) of the functional layer satisfy the following formula (1): 5 ≤ c × t ≤ 40.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a laminate, more particularly to a laminate for use in a display device capable of local dimming, and to a display device including the laminate. [Background technology]

[0002] Various image display devices, such as liquid crystal displays and organic EL displays, use circular polarizers, which are optical components made by laminating a polarizing film and a phase difference film, as disclosed in Patent Document 1, for example, in order to suppress the decrease in visibility due to light reflection at the electrodes constituting the device and reflection of ambient light.

[0003] In the various image display devices mentioned above, inorganic light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are widely used as backlights due to their low power consumption. In addition to low power consumption, LED backlights also have the advantage of enabling local dimming (sometimes called partial driving, divided driving, or area driving). Local dimming is a technique that divides the backlight into multiple areas and controls the light emission of the LEDs in each area according to the video signal in each area. Local dimming allows for control such as suppressing LED light emission in dark areas of the image and illuminating the LEDs more brightly in bright areas of the image. This further reduces backlight power consumption and improves the contrast ratio of the display screen. [Prior art documents] [Patent Documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2020-95255 [Overview of the project] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0005] However, when controlling light emission with local dimming, if the area where light emission is to be suppressed (emission suppression area) and the area where light emission is to be strongly emitted (strong emission area) are adjacent, and the difference in luminosity between them is large, it is known that light leaks from the strong emission area into the emission suppression area, causing a phenomenon called the halo effect, where the outline of the strong emission area becomes blurred. The halo effect causes a reduction in the contrast of the display screen. In particular, in image display devices that use small-sized light-emitting diodes (miniLEDs and microLEDs) as display elements, the display elements are arranged at close intervals from each other, so there is a higher demand for reducing the halo effect. And this halo effect cannot be suppressed with conventional circular polarizers.

[0006] In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a laminate that can suppress the halo phenomenon while ensuring good brightness in a display device capable of local dimming. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] The present inventors, having diligently studied and investigated the above problems, have completed the present invention. That is, the present invention encompasses the following preferred embodiments. [1] A laminate comprising a low-reflection film and a functional layer, The low-reflection film has a luminous mean reflectance of 0.05% or more and 5% or less, and a total light transmittance of 93% or more. The functional layer is a film hardened in which a liquid crystalline compound and a dichroic dye are oriented perpendicular to the layer plane, and the amount c (parts by mass) of the dichroic dye per 100 parts by mass of the liquid crystalline compound contained in the functional layer and the thickness t (μm) of the functional layer are given by the following formula (1): 5 ≤ c × t ≤ 40 (1) A laminate that satisfies the requirements. [2] The laminate according to [1], wherein the dichroic dye comprises a combination of at least one cyan dye, at least one magenta dye, and at least one yellow dye. [3] The low-reflection film is a laminate according to [1] or [2], comprising a low-reflection layer and a substrate. [4] The laminate according to [3], comprising a low-reflectance layer, a substrate, and a functional layer in that order. [5] When any direction within the plane of the functional layer is defined as the x-axis, the direction perpendicular to the x-axis within the plane is defined as the y-axis, and the thickness direction perpendicular to the x-axis and y-axis is defined as the z-axis, the functional layer is given by the following equation (2): Ax(z=50) / Ax≧3.5 (2) [In the formula, both Ax and Ax(z=50) are absorbances at a wavelength of 550 nm, where Ax represents the absorbance of linearly polarized light vibrating in the x-axis direction, and Ax(z=50) represents the absorbance of linearly polarized light vibrating in the x-axis direction when the functional layer is rotated 50° around the y-axis as the axis of rotation.] A laminate described in any of [1] to [4] that satisfies the following conditions. [6] The functional layer is a laminate according to any one of [1] to [5], exhibiting a Bragg peak in X-ray diffraction measurements. [7] The laminate according to any one of [1] to [6], wherein the low-reflection film comprises an antifouling layer on the outermost surface opposite to the side on which the functional layer of the low-reflection film is laminated. [8] A laminate according to any one of [1] to [7], wherein the average luminous reflectance of the entire laminate is 0.01% or more and 1% or less, and the total light transmittance is 75% or more. [9] A laminate according to any of [1] to [8] for use in a display device capable of local dimming. A display device comprising a laminate and an LED light source as described in any of

[10] [1] to [9].

[11] The low-reflection film is located on the viewing side of the functional layer, as described in

[10] . [Effects of the Invention]

[0008] According to the present invention, a laminate can be provided that can suppress the halo phenomenon while ensuring good brightness in a display device capable of local dimming. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0009] [Figure 1] This is a perspective view of the vertical polarizing film of the present invention. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0010] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. However, the scope of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described herein, and various modifications can be made without impairing the spirit of the invention.

[0011] [Laminated structure] The laminate of the present invention comprises a low-reflection film and a functional layer. In the present invention, the low-reflection film has a luminous mean reflectance of 0.05% or more and a total light transmittance of 93% or more, and the functional layer is a film cured in which a liquid crystalline compound and a dichroic dye are oriented perpendicular to the layer plane, and the amount c (parts by mass) of the dichroic dye per 100 parts by mass of the liquid crystalline compound contained in the functional layer and the thickness t (μm) of the functional layer are given by the following formula (1): 5 ≤ c × t ≤ 40 (1) It satisfies the condition. By including the low-reflection film and the functional layer in the laminate, when the laminate is used in a display device capable of local dimming, the low-reflection film can suitably suppress ambient light reflection, and the functional layer absorbs light leaking from the high-luminescence region to the light-emitting suppression region while ensuring sufficient brightness, thereby achieving a reduction or prevention of the halo phenomenon while ensuring good brightness. The laminate of the present invention having such a configuration can achieve both the assurance of good brightness and the suppression of the halo phenomenon, which could not be solved with circular polarizers used in conventional image display devices to prevent ambient light reflection and light reflection at electrodes.

[0012] <Low-reflection film> The low-reflection film constituting the laminate of the present invention refers to a film that has the effect of reducing or preventing reflectivity through the interference effect of light, such as AR film and LR film. By using a low-reflection film, when the laminate is used in a display device capable of local dimming, the reduction in visibility caused by ambient light reflecting and appearing on the display screen can be suppressed, leading to an improvement in the reflective appearance.

[0013] In the present invention, the luminous mean reflectance of the low-reflection film is 0.05% or more and 5% or less. When the luminous mean reflectance of the low-reflection film is within the above range, a sufficient external light reflection prevention function can be imparted to the laminate. From the viewpoint of a higher external light reflection prevention function, the luminous mean reflectance of the low-reflection film is preferably 0.1% or more, more preferably 0.2% or more, and also preferably 4% or less, more preferably 3% or less, and even more preferably 2% or less. In one embodiment of the present invention, the luminous mean reflectance of the low-reflection film may preferably be 0.05 to 2%, more preferably 0.05 to 1%, and particularly preferably 0.05 to 0.5%. The luminous mean reflectance can be calculated from the reflection spectrum obtained by shining light obliquely onto a low-reflection film using a spectrophotometer, according to the method described in JIS Z 8722. In detail, it can be measured by the method described in the examples below.

[0014] The luminous mean reflectance of the low-reflection film can be controlled within the aforementioned range by the composition and thickness of the low-reflection layer, the layer configuration of the low-reflection film, and so on.

[0015] The total light transmittance of the low-reflection film is 93% or higher. A total light transmittance of 93% or higher results in high transparency, allowing sufficient light to enter the display device when incorporated, thus creating a laminate with excellent optical properties. The total light transmittance of the low-reflection film is preferably 94% or higher, more preferably 95% or higher, and particularly preferably 96% or higher. The upper limit of the total light transmittance is not particularly limited, but is 100% or less. The total light transmittance can be measured, for example, according to the method described in JIS K 7361. Specifically, it can be measured by the method described in the examples below.

[0016] The total light transmittance of the low-reflection film can be controlled within the aforementioned range by the composition and thickness of the low-reflection layer, the layer configuration of the low-reflection film, and so on.

[0017] In the present invention, the low-reflection film may have a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure, but the low-reflection film includes at least one low-reflection layer. That is, if the low-reflection film has a single-layer structure, the layer is a low-reflection layer. If the low-reflection film has a multi-layer structure, the multi-layer structure includes at least one low-reflection layer at any position, and if it includes multiple low-reflection layers, those low-reflection layers may be the same or different from one another.

[0018] A low-reflection layer is a layer that has the function of reducing or preventing the reflectance of light through the interference effect of light. Examples of low-reflection layers include a cured resin layer composed of low-reflection particles having low-reflection properties and a curable material, and an inorganic layer having low-reflection properties.

[0019] In a low-reflection layer comprising a cured resin layer containing low refractive index particles and a curable material, the low-reflection layer is preferably formed from a composition (hereinafter also referred to as the "low-reflection layer forming composition") comprising a curable material, low refractive index particles, and a solvent.

[0020] As curable materials, curable resins, active energy ray curable compounds, etc., commonly used in the art can be used, as long as they can form a low-reflectivity layer with desired properties upon curing. Among these, active energy ray curable compounds, which have the property of curing when irradiated with active energy rays such as ultraviolet rays, electron beams, visible light, or X-rays, are preferred from the viewpoint of transparency, handling, etc. Examples of active energy ray curable compounds include cationic polymerizable compounds and radical polymerizable compounds.

[0021] In one embodiment of the present invention, radical polymerizable compounds are preferably used as active energy ray curable compounds for forming a low-reflectance layer. Radical polymerizable compounds are compounds that undergo radical polymerization reactions and harden upon irradiation with active energy rays or heating. Specifically, examples include (meth)acrylic compounds having one or more (meth)acryloyl groups in the molecule, as well as polyether resins, polyester resins, epoxy resins, alkyd resins, spiroacetal resins, polybutadiene resins, polythiol polyene resins, etc., having acrylate-based functional groups. Among these, compounds having ethylenically unsaturated bonds, such as styrene, styrene sulfonic acid, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, and vinyl compounds such as N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, are preferred in addition to meth)acrylic compounds, and (meth)acrylic compounds are more preferred. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. In this specification, (meth)acrylic means both acrylic and methacrylic, and (meth)acrylate means both acrylate and methacrylate.

[0022] (Meth)acrylic compounds are compounds having at least one (meth)acryloyloxy group in their molecule, and may be monomers, oligomers, or polymers. Examples of (meth)acrylic compounds include (meth)acrylate compounds such as monofunctional (meth)acrylate compounds and polyfunctional (meth)acrylate compounds; urethane (meth)acrylate compounds such as polyfunctional urethane (meth)acrylate compounds; epoxy (meth)acrylate compounds such as polyfunctional epoxy (meth)acrylate compounds; carboxyl group-modified epoxy (meth)acrylate compounds, polyester (meth)acrylate compounds, etc. (Meth)acrylic compounds may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0023] Examples of (meth)acrylate compounds include monofunctional (meth)acrylate compounds having one (meth)acryloyloxy group in the molecule, and polyfunctional (meth)acrylate compounds having two or more (meth)acryloyloxy groups in the molecule. From the viewpoint of increasing the crosslinking density of the cured resin layer, polyfunctional (meth)acrylate compounds may be more preferable.

[0024] Examples of monofunctional (meth)acrylate compounds include 2-hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate, 2-hydroxybutyl (meth)acrylate, n-butyl (meth)acrylate, isobutyl (meth)acrylate, t-butyl (meth)acrylate, glycidyl (meth)acrylate, acryloylmorpholine, N-vinylpyrrolidone, tetrahydrofurfluryl acrylate, cyclohexyl (meth)acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth)acrylate, isobornyl (meth)acrylate. Isodecyl (meth)acrylate, lauryl (meth)acrylate, tridecyl (meth)acrylate, cetyl (meth)acrylate, stearyl (meth)acrylate, benzyl (meth)acrylate, 2-ethoxyethyl (meth)acrylate, 3-methoxybutyl (meth)acrylate, ethyl carbitol (meth)acrylate, phosphate (meth)acrylate, ethylene oxide-modified phosphate (meth)acrylate, phenoxy (meth)acrylate, ethylene oxide-modified phenoxy (meth)acrylate, propylene oxide-modified phosphate Phenoxy(meth)acrylate, nonylphenol(meth)acrylate, ethylene oxide-modified nonylphenol(meth)acrylate, propylene oxide-modified nonylphenol(meth)acrylate, methoxydiethylene glycol(meth)acrylate, methoxypolyethylene glycol(meth)acrylate, methoxypropylene glycol(meth)acrylate, 2-(meth)acryloyloxyethyl-2-hydroxypropyl phthalate, 2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropyl(meth)acrylate, 2-(meth)acryloyloxyethyl-2-hydroxypropyl phthalate, 2-(meth)acryloyloxyethyl Diethyl hydrogen phthalate, 2-(meth)acryloyloxypropyl hydrogen phthalate, 2-(meth)acryloyloxypropyl hexahydrohydrogen phthalate, 2-(meth)acryloyloxypropyl tetrahydrohydrogen phthalate, dimethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate, trifluoroethyl (meth)acrylate, tetrafluoropropyl (meth)acrylate, hexafluoropropyl (meth)acrylate, octafluoropropyl (meth)acrylate, octafluoropropyl (meth)acrylate,Examples include adamantane derivative mono(meth)acrylates such as adamantyl acrylate, which has a monovalent mono(meth)acrylate derived from 2-adamantane and adamantanediol.

[0025] Examples of polyfunctional (meth)acrylate compounds include ethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, diethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, butanediol di(meth)acrylate, hexanediol di(meth)acrylate, nonanediol di(meth)acrylate, ethoxylated hexanediol di(meth)acrylate, propoxylated hexanediol di(meth)acrylate, diethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, polyethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, and tripropylene Difunctional (meth)acrylate compounds such as di(meth)acrylates including glycol di(meth)acrylate, polypropylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, neopentyl glycol di(meth)acrylate, ethoxylated neopentyl glycol di(meth)acrylate, tripropylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, hydroxypivalate neopentyl glycol di(meth)acrylate, etc.; and, for example, trimethylolpropane tri(meth)acrylate, ethoxylated trimethylolpropane tri( Tri(meth)acrylates such as meth)acrylate, propoxylated trimethylolpropane tri(meth)acrylate, tris-2-hydroxyethyl isocyanurate tri(meth)acrylate, glycerin tri(meth)acrylate, trifunctional (meth)acrylate compounds such as pentaerythritol tri(meth)acrylate, dipentaerythritol tri(meth)acrylate, and ditrimethylolpropane tri(meth)acrylate, as well as pentaerythritol tetra(meth)acrylate and ditrimethylol Examples include polyfunctional (meth)acrylate compounds with three or more functions, such as propanetetra(meth)acrylate, dipentaerythritoltetra(meth)acrylate, dipentaerythritol penta(meth)acrylate, ditrimethylolpropanepenta(meth)acrylate, dipentaerythritol hexa(meth)acrylate, and ditrimethylolpropanehexa(meth)acrylate, as well as polyfunctional (meth)acrylate compounds in which some of these (meth)acrylates are substituted with alkyl groups or ε-caprolactone.

[0026] A urethane (meth)acrylate compound generally refers to a reaction product of an isocyanate compound, a polyol compound, and a (meth)acrylate compound, and is preferably a polyfunctional urethane (meth)acrylate compound having two or more (meth)acryloyloxy groups in its molecule. As the polyfunctional urethane (meth)acrylate compound, a polyfunctional urethane acrylate obtained by reacting a polyhydric alcohol, a polyhydric isocyanate, and a hydroxyl group-containing acrylate can be suitably used. Commercially available polyfunctional urethane acrylates may also be used. Specific examples of such commercially available polyfunctional urethane acrylates include UA-306H, UA-306T, and UA-306l from Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd., UV-1700B, UV-6300B, UV-7600B, UV-7605B, UV-7640B, and UV-7650B from Nippon Synthetic Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., U-4HA, U-6HA, UA-100H, U-6LPA, U-15HA, UA-32P, and U-324A from Shin Nakamura Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Ebecryl-1290, Ebecryl-1290K, and Ebecryl-5129 from Daicel Ornex Co., Ltd., and UN-3220HA, UN-3220HB, UN-3220HC, and UN-3220HS from Negami Kogyo Co., Ltd.

[0027] The content of curable material in the low-reflection layer forming composition can be appropriately determined depending on the type and combination of curable materials used. For example, it is preferably 10 to 80% by mass, more preferably 20 to 75% by mass, and even more preferably 30 to 70% by mass, relative to the solid content of the low-reflection layer forming composition. In this specification, the solid content of the low-reflection layer forming composition refers to the total amount of components excluding volatile substances such as solvents from the composition. Similarly, the solid content of other compositions refers to the total amount of components excluding volatile substances such as solvents from the composition in question.

[0028] A composition for forming a low-reflection layer preferably includes low-refractive-index particles as a component for controlling the refractive index of the low-reflection layer. As low-refractive-index particles, nanoparticles having a refractive index lower than that of the optical resin can generally be used. Specifically, examples include low-refractive-index particles made of low-refractive-index materials such as LiF, MgF2, 3NaF·AlF3 or AlF3 (all with a refractive index of 1.4), or Na3AlF6 (cryllite, refractive index 1.33); and low-refractive-index particles having voids inside the particles. In low-refractive-index particles having voids inside the particles, the refractive index of the void portion can be made to be approximately 1 (the refractive index of air), so the low-refractive-index particles can have a very low refractive index. Specific examples of such low-refractive-index particles include low-refractive-index silica particles with voids inside, such as porous silica particles and silica particles having a shell structure. These may be used individually or in combination of two or more types.

[0029] The particle size of the low refractive index particles is preferably 1 to 100 nm, more preferably 10 to 90 nm, and even more preferably 20 to 80 nm. When the particle size is below the upper limit, the reflection of light due to Rayleigh scattering can be sufficiently reduced, and whitening of the low-reflection layer and a decrease in the transparency of the low-reflection film can be suppressed. When the particle size is above the lower limit, problems such as non-uniformity of the low refractive index particles in the low-reflection layer caused by aggregation of the low refractive index particles are less likely to occur. Furthermore, low refractive index silica particles having internal voids are advantageous from the viewpoint of sufficient scratch resistance and sufficient low refractive index of the low refractive index particles. The voids in low refractive index particles having internal voids are preferably 20 to 80 nm from the viewpoint of sufficient scratch resistance and sufficient low refractive index of the low refractive index particles.

[0030] The content of low refractive index particles in the low-reflection layer forming composition can be appropriately determined depending on the type of low refractive index particles used. From the viewpoint of obtaining sufficient anti-reflection or reflection suppression function while ensuring the transparency of the low-reflection film, the content of low refractive index particles is preferably 50 to 300 parts by mass, more preferably 80 to 250 parts by mass, even more preferably 100 to 200 parts by mass, and particularly preferably 120 to 180 parts by mass, per 100 parts by mass of the curable material contained in the low-reflection layer forming composition.

[0031] The solvent used in the composition for forming a low-reflection layer can be selected from known solvents commonly used in the field, depending on the type of curable material used, the type of low-refractive-index particles, the thickness of the low-refractive-index layer, and the composition of the layer on which the low-refractive-index layer is provided. Specifically, examples include alcohol solvents such as methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, isopropyl alcohol, propylene glycol, ethylene glycol methyl ether, ethylene glycol butyl ether, and propylene glycol monomethyl ether; ester solvents such as ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, ethylene glycol methyl ether acetate, γ-butyrolactone or propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, and ethyl lactate; ketone solvents such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone, 2-heptanone, and methyl isobutyl ketone; aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents such as pentane, hexane, and heptane; aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as toluene and xylene, and nitrile solvents such as acetonitrile; ether solvents such as tetrahydrofuran and dimethoxyethane; chlorine-containing solvents such as chloroform and chlorobenzene; amide solvents such as N,N-dimethylacetamide and N,N-dimethylformamide; sulfur-containing solvents such as dimethyl sulfone, dimethyl sulfoxide, and sulfolane; carbonate solvents such as ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate; and pyrrolidone solvents such as N-methylpyrrolidone. These solvents may be used individually or in combination of two or more.

[0032] The solvent content in the low-reflection layer forming composition can be appropriately determined according to the desired viscosity of the low-reflection layer forming composition, the thickness of the low-reflection layer to be produced, and so on. From the viewpoint of handling and coating properties, for example, the solvent content is preferably 50 to 99 parts by mass, more preferably 70 to 98 parts by mass, and even more preferably 80 to 97 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the low-reflection layer forming composition. Therefore, the solid content in 100 parts by mass of the low-reflection layer forming composition is preferably 1 to 50 parts by mass.

[0033] In addition to a curable material, low refractive index particles, and a solvent, the composition for forming a low reflectivity layer may contain other components commonly used to form a low reflectivity layer. Examples of other components include silicone-based materials, polymerization initiators, leveling agents, colorants, antioxidants, and dispersants.

[0034] When a silicone-based material is added to a composition for forming a low-reflection layer, the low-reflection layer may also possess antifouling properties. As such a silicone-based material, silicone oil or modified silicone oil can be used, and preferably alkylaralkyl-modified silicone oil, alkyl-modified silicone oil, polyether-modified silicone oil, or alkyl-polyether-modified silicone oil is used. Silicone-based materials can also be organosilicon compounds that do not contain fluorine and do not have (meth)acrylic groups. Specific examples include alkylalkoxysilane compounds, silanesiloxane compounds, silane compounds containing polyester groups, silane compounds having polyether groups, and siloxane compounds. Silicone-based materials can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0035] If the low-reflection layer forming composition contains a silicone-based material, its content is preferably 1 to 20 parts by mass, more preferably 3 to 15 parts by mass, per 100 parts by mass of the curable material contained in the low-reflection layer forming composition.

[0036] The low-reflectance layer-forming composition may contain a polymerization initiator depending on the type of curable material used, the type of active energy ray, etc. When ultraviolet or visible light is used as the active energy ray, a photopolymerization initiator is usually used. Examples of photopolymerization initiators include acetophenones, benzoins, phosphine oxides, ketals, anthraquinones, and thioxanthones. More specifically, the same as the polymerization initiators exemplified as those that may be included in the functional layer-forming composition described later can be used. The polymerization initiator may be used alone or in combination of two or more types. In addition, the photopolymerization initiator may be used in combination with a dye sensitizer. Examples of dye sensitizers include xanthenes, thioxanthenes, coumarins, ketocoumarins, and combinations of two or more of these. On the other hand, when using electron beams or gamma rays as the active energy beam, it is not necessary to include a polymerization initiator.

[0037] When a photopolymerization initiator is used, its content is preferably 1 to 20 parts by mass, more preferably 3 to 15 parts by mass, per 100 parts by mass of the curable material contained in the low-reflection layer forming composition.

[0038] The low-reflectance layer forming composition may contain a leveling agent depending on the type of curable material used, the type of active energy ray, etc. A preferred example of the leveling agent is an organically modified polysiloxane, which can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Specific examples of organically modified polysiloxanes include polydimethylsiloxane having a polyether-modified acrylic group, polydimethylsiloxane having a polyester-modified acrylic group, polydimethylsiloxane having a polyether-modified hydroxyl group, and aralkyl-modified polymethylalkylsiloxane.

[0039] By adding an organically modified polysiloxane to the low-reflection layer forming composition, the surface tension during the drying process of the low-reflection layer forming composition can be reduced. When using an organically modified polysiloxane, the amount is, for example, 0.1 to 2.0% by mass of the total mass of the low-reflection layer forming composition.

[0040] The low-reflection layer can be formed, for example, by a method that includes applying a low-reflection layer-forming composition to a surface on which the low-reflection layer is to be formed to form a coating film, drying the coating film, and then irradiating the dried coating film with active energy rays. The surface on which the low-reflection layer is formed is a low-reflection film or a laminate of the present invention containing the low-reflection film, and is a layer adjacent to the low-reflection layer, and may be, for example, a substrate or a hard coat layer, as described later.

[0041] Methods for applying the low-reflection layer-forming composition include known methods such as spin coating, extrusion, gravure coating, die coating, bar coating, and applicator coating, as well as printing methods such as flexographic coating.

[0042] Methods for drying and removing the solvent contained in the low-reflection layer forming composition include natural drying, forced-air drying, heat drying, and reduced-pressure drying. The temperature when drying the coating film is preferably ±30°C, more preferably ±20°C, relative to the boiling point of the solvent contained in the low-reflection layer forming composition. When the drying temperature is within the above range, solvent is less likely to remain in the resulting low-reflection layer.

[0043] By irradiating the coating with active energy rays, such as electron beams or ultraviolet rays, a cured resin layer with low reflectivity can be obtained as a low reflectivity layer. Examples of light sources for active energy rays include low-pressure mercury lamps, medium-pressure mercury lamps, high-pressure mercury lamps, ultra-high-pressure mercury lamps, xenon lamps, halogen lamps, carbon arc lamps, tungsten lamps, gallium lamps, excimer lasers, LED light sources emitting in the wavelength range of 380-440 nm, chemical lamps, black light lamps, microwave-excited mercury lamps, and metal halide lamps. Examples of devices for generating electron beams include various electron beam accelerators such as Cockcroftwald type, Van de Graaff type, resonant transformer type, insulated core transformer type, linear type, Dynamitron type, and high-frequency type.

[0044] The integrated amount of active energy rays irradiated can be appropriately determined according to the composition of the low-reflection layer forming composition. For example, the integrated amount of ultraviolet light irradiated can be 100 to 400 mJ / cm². 2 That is the case.

[0045] The thickness of the low-reflection layer, which is made up of a cured resin layer, is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 0.01 to 10 μm, preferably 0.05 to 8 μm, and more preferably 0.1 to 5 μm. The thickness of the low-reflection layer can be measured using a laser microscope or a film thickness gauge. The same applies to other layers such as functional layers and substrates that constitute the laminate of the present invention.

[0046] In the present invention, the low-reflection layer may be an inorganic layer having a low-reflection function. An inorganic layer having a low-reflection function can be formed by a method that includes sputtering or chemical deposition of one or more metallic materials selected from the group consisting of aluminum, silver, copper, rhodium, titanium, platinum, cobalt, copper-aluminum (AlCu), and magnesium fluoride (MgF2). Specifically, an inorganic layer having a low-reflection function may be a low-refractive-index layer, such as the one described in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2017-191285, which can be manufactured according to the method described later.

[0047] The refractive index of the low-reflection layer is preferably 1.0 to 1.5, more preferably 1.0 to 1.3, and particularly preferably 1.0 to 1.2. When the refractive index is within this range, the low-reflection layer can exhibit higher anti-reflective performance. The refractive index of the low-reflection layer can be controlled within this range by adjusting the composition of the composition constituting the low-reflection layer and / or the thickness of the low-reflection layer.

[0048] In the present invention, the low-reflection layer film may have a multilayer structure and may include other layers besides the low-reflection layer. Examples of other layers that may constitute the low-reflection film include a substrate, a hard coat layer, an anti-fouling layer, and an adhesive layer. The layer structure of the multilayer low-reflection film is not particularly limited, but for example, in one embodiment of the present invention, the low-reflection film includes a low-reflection layer and a substrate.

[0049] As a substrate that can constitute a low-reflection film, for example, conventionally known resin films in the field of optical films can be used. Examples of resins that constitute the substrate film include polyolefins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, and norbornene polymers; cyclic olefin resins; polyvinyl alcohol; polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, and polyethylene naphthalate; polymethacrylate esters; polyacrylic acid esters; cellulose resins such as triacetylcellulose, diacetylcellulose, and cellulose acetate propionate; polycarbonate; polysulfone; polyethersulfone; polyetherketone; fluororesins such as polyurethane and polytetrafluoroethylene; vinyl compounds such as polyvinyl chloride; vinylidene compounds such as polyvinylidene chloride; copolymers of vinyl compounds or fluororesins such as vinylidene fluoride / trifluoroethylene copolymer and ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer; and plastics such as polyphenylene sulfide and polyphenylene oxide. In particular, from the viewpoint of smoothness and quality as a coating substrate, at least one selected from cellulose resins, cyclic olefin resins, and polyethylene terephthalate resins is preferred, with cellulose resins and cyclic olefin resins being more preferred. These may be used individually or in combination of two or more. Such resins can be formed into resin films by known means such as solvent casting or melt extrusion. Alternatively, commercially available base films commonly used in the field of optical films may be used as the base film.

[0050] The thickness of the substrate is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of making the low-reflection film thinner and the handling of the substrate, the thickness of the substrate is usually 10 to 200 μm, and preferably 15 to 100 μm.

[0051] To facilitate the imparting of desired release properties and adhesion to the substrate surface, the substrate surface may be modified by corona treatment, plasma treatment, flame treatment, etc., depending on the composition of adjacent layers. The substrate treated with the release process can be used as a release film and as a layer (surface) to form (laminate) a low-reflectance layer.

[0052] The low-reflection film may include a hard coat layer. Including a hard coat layer improves the surface hardness of the surface on which the hard coat layer is laminated and improves the mechanical strength of the low-reflection film. The hard coat layer can be provided at any position on the low-reflection film, but if the low-reflection film includes a substrate and a hard coat layer, it is preferable that the hard coat layer be adjacent to the substrate and the low-reflection layer be adjacent to the hard coat layer.

[0053] The hard coat layer contained in the low-reflection film may be, for example, a cured layer of an active-energy ray-curable resin. The cured layer of the active-energy ray-curable resin can be formed from a composition containing, for example, an active-energy ray-curable compound, a solvent, and optionally a polymerization initiator and various additives. As the active-energy ray-curable compound, solvent, and polymerization initiator, for example, compounds, components, and materials exemplified above as those contained in the low-reflection layer-forming composition, as well as those exemplified as materials constituting the diffusion-preventing layer-forming curable composition described later, can be appropriately selected and used. Examples of various additives include leveling agents (surface modifiers), refractive index modifiers, adhesion improvers, curing agents, and antistatic agents (e.g., fine particles of metal oxides such as antimony-doped tin oxide, indium tin oxide, tin oxide, titanium oxide, antimony pentoxide, quaternary ammonium salts, conductive polymers, etc.).

[0054] The hard coat layer can be prepared using the same procedure as the low-reflection layer, which is a cured resin layer. Specifically, it can be formed by applying a composition containing an active energy ray-curable compound, a solvent, and optionally polymerization initiators and various additives to the surface on which the hard coat layer will be formed to form a coating film, drying the coating film, and then irradiating the coating film with active energy rays. The methods and conditions for applying the composition, drying, and irradiating with active energy rays are the same as those for forming the low-reflection layer, and can be appropriately selected depending on the composition of the composition for forming the hard coat layer, the thickness of the hard coat layer, etc.

[0055] The thickness of the hard coat layer is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of mechanical strength and thinning of the low-reflection film, it is usually 0.1 to 50 μm, preferably 0.5 to 20 μm, and more preferably 1 to 15 μm.

[0056] The low-reflection film may include an anti-fouling layer. This anti-fouling layer exhibits functions that prevent contamination from the surroundings, such as water repellency, oil repellency, sweat resistance, stain resistance, or fingerprint resistance. Furthermore, the anti-fouling layer may also improve the surface's slipperiness.

[0057] As the antifouling layer, materials commonly used in the relevant art can be used. Specifically, the material for forming the antifouling layer may be an organic compound or an inorganic compound. Examples of materials that provide high water and oil repellency include fluorine-containing organic compounds and organosilicon compounds. Examples of fluorine-containing organic compounds include fluorocarbons, perfluorosilanes, and polymer compounds thereof. From the viewpoint of enhancing the effect of preventing dirt adhesion, materials such as those that result in a contact angle of 90 degrees or more, and even 100 degrees or more, between the surface of the antifouling layer and pure water are preferred. Depending on the material to be formed, methods such as physical vapor deposition (typically vapor deposition and sputtering), chemical vapor deposition, and wet coating can be used for forming the antifouling layer.

[0058] The thickness of the antifouling layer is not particularly limited, but is usually around 1 to 50 nm, preferably 3 to 35 nm.

[0059] Due to its function, the antifouling layer is usually provided on the outermost surface of the low-reflection film. In one embodiment of the present invention, it is preferable that the low-reflection film includes the antifouling layer on the outermost surface opposite to the side on which the functional layer of the low-reflection film is laminated.

[0060] The low-reflection film may include an adhesive layer at any position other than the outermost layer. The adhesive layer is a layer formed by an adhesive or tack. In this invention, the adhesive for forming the adhesive layer is, for example, one whose storage modulus at 25°C is 1.0 × 10⁻¹⁶ as measured using a dynamic viscoelasticity measuring device under the following conditions. 7 Examples of drugs with a Pa of 1.0 × 10 8 A material with a storage modulus of Pa or higher is preferred. Furthermore, as an adhesive, for example, a material with a storage modulus of 1.0 × 10⁻¹⁶ at 25°C, as measured using a dynamic viscoelasticity measuring device under the following conditions, is preferred. 3 Pa~1.0×10 6 Examples include agents with a pressure rating of Pa or higher. Adhesives are those that exhibit adhesion by being attached to a substrate, and are known as pressure-sensitive adhesives. Sample dimensions: Width 10mm, Length 30mm Clamp distance: 20mm, Measurement mode: Tensile Frequency: 1Hz Heating rate: 5°C / min

[0061] The thickness of the adhesive layer formed by the adhesive is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.01 to 3 μm, more preferably 0.05 to 2 μm. The thickness of the adhesive layer formed by the tack is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5 to 100 μm, more preferably 5 to 30 μm.

[0062] Adhesives or adhesives commonly used in the art can be used, and such adhesives or adhesives are commercially available. For example, an adhesive or sealant, which is a thermosetting resin composition or a photocurable resin composition, can be applied to adjacent layers or films by a conventionally known method (for example, a method using a known tool such as a roll coater), another adjacent layer or film can be placed on top, and then the coating film can be cured by heat or light to form an adhesive layer between the two adjacent layers or films.

[0063] The layer structure of the low-reflection film is not particularly limited as long as it satisfies the luminous mean reflectance and total light transmittance required for the low-reflection film in this invention. For example, it may consist of a single low-reflection layer, or it may be a multilayer structure comprising a low-reflection layer and other layers such as a substrate. A low-reflection film comprising a low-reflection layer and a substrate can be obtained, for example, by forming a low-reflection layer on a substrate according to the method for producing a low-reflection layer described above. If the low-reflection film has other layers besides the substrate, or if it includes multiple low-reflection layers, etc., a low-reflection film comprising a low-reflection layer and a substrate, and other layers, can be obtained by further forming these layers at desired positions. Specifically, for example, a low-reflection film consisting of a substrate / hard coat layer / low-reflection layer can be obtained by forming a hard coat layer on a substrate and further providing a low-reflection layer on the hard coat layer. An anti-fouling layer may also be provided on the outermost surface of the low-reflection film. Each layer may be formed directly on adjacent layers in the low-reflection film, or layers formed individually on a release film may be laminated via an adhesive, or a combination of these methods may be used. Furthermore, by using a releaseable substrate (release film) as the base material, forming a low-reflection layer or other layers on the substrate, and then peeling off the substrate, a low-reflection film consisting of a single low-reflection layer or a multilayer low-reflection film without a base material can be obtained. In addition, a single low-reflection layer (low-reflection film) may be obtained by directly forming a low-reflection layer on the surface on which the low-reflection layer is to be provided (for example, on a functional layer or diffusion prevention layer constituting the laminate of the present invention). Alternatively, commercially available products that are common in the field of optical films may be used as the low-reflection film.

[0064] The thickness of the low-reflection film can be appropriately determined depending on the layer configuration of the low-reflection film, the form of the display device including the LED light source incorporating it, and so on. The thickness of the low-reflection film may be, for example, 0.05 to 500 μm, preferably 0.1 to 300 μm, more preferably 0.1 to 200 μm, and even more preferably 0.1 to 100 μm. In the laminate of the present invention, layers necessary for ensuring, maintaining, and / or reinforcing the function of the low-reflection layer, as well as layers formed integrally with the low-reflection layer, specifically, for example, a substrate for forming and holding the low-reflection layer, a hard coat layer adjacent to or near the low-reflection layer, an anti-fouling layer, and an adhesive layer for bonding these layers, are considered components constituting the low-reflection film. On the other hand, in the present invention, an adhesive layer for bonding the low-reflection film to other layers such as a functional layer is not usually considered a component of the low-reflection film. Therefore, for example, when considering a low-reflection film in which a low-reflection layer is formed on a substrate and which includes a hard coat layer and an anti-fouling layer, the luminous mean reflectance, total light transmittance, and thickness of the low-reflection film refer to values ​​measured as a multilayer film including the substrate, low-reflection layer, hard coat layer, and anti-fouling layer.

[0065] The refractive index of the low-reflection film is preferably 1.0 to 1.5, more preferably 1.0 to 1.3, and particularly preferably 1.0 to 1.2. When the refractive index is within this range, the low-reflection film can exhibit higher anti-reflective performance. The refractive index of the low-reflection film can be controlled within this range by adjusting the composition of the materials constituting the low-reflection film and / or the thickness of the low-reflection film and / or the layer configuration of the low-reflection film.

[0066] <Functional Layer> In the laminate of the present invention, the functional layer is a cured film in which a liquid crystalline compound and a dichroic dye are cured in a state in which they are oriented perpendicular to the layer plane, and the amount c (parts by mass) of the dichroic dye per 100 parts by mass of the liquid crystalline compound contained in the functional layer and the thickness t (μm) of the functional layer are given by the following formula (1): 5 ≤ c × t ≤ 40 (1) It satisfies the condition. In display devices capable of local dimming, when light emission is controlled by local dimming, if the light emission suppression area and the high-light emission area are adjacent and the difference in luminosity between them is large, light leaks from the high-light emission area into the light emission suppression area, causing the outline of the high-light emission area to blur. This is a phenomenon (halo effect) that occurs specifically in display devices capable of local dimming. A functional layer having the characteristics of being a so-called vertically aligned liquid crystal cured film in which a liquid crystal compound and a dichroic dye are cured in a state where they are oriented perpendicular to the film plane, and having a parameter (c×t) related to the amount of a specific dichroic dye (hereinafter also referred to as the "dichroic dye amount parameter"), can absorb the leaked light while ensuring sufficient brightness, and can suppress the halo effect that occurs on the panel during display. This leads to an improvement in display performance. Because the functional layer in the present invention can highly absorb the leaked light due to the above characteristics, it can suppress or reduce the halo effect even in image display devices using mini-LEDs and micro-LEDs.

[0067] The laminate of the present invention may include one functional layer or may include two or more functional layers. If it includes two or more functional layers, they may be the same or different from each other. In the laminate of the present invention, a functional layer satisfying formula (1) means that if the laminate contains one functional layer, that functional layer satisfies formula (1), and if the laminate contains two or more functional layers, the sum of the dichroism pigment parameters in each of the two or more functional layers satisfies formula (1). That is, for example, if the laminate contains two functional layers, a first functional layer and a second functional layer, and the dichroism pigment parameter of the first functional layer is c1 × t1, and the dichroism pigment parameter of the second functional layer is c2 × t2, then the dichroism pigment parameter of the functional layer in the laminate is the sum of these (c1 × t1 + c2 × t2), and this sum satisfies formula (1).

[0068] From the viewpoint of achieving good brightness and suppressing the halo phenomenon, the dichroic dye amount parameter in the laminate is preferably 5 to 35, more preferably 10 to 30, and particularly preferably 20 to 25.

[0069] Furthermore, from the viewpoint of achieving good brightness and suppressing the halo phenomenon, the dichroic dye amount parameter per functional layer is preferably 3 to 20, more preferably 4 to 15, and particularly preferably 5 to 12.

[0070] The functional layer can be formed from a liquid crystal composition containing a liquid crystal compound and a dichroic dye. In the present invention, the liquid crystal compound contained in the liquid crystal composition for forming the functional layer (hereinafter also referred to as the "functional layer forming composition") is preferably a polymerizable liquid crystal compound, which is a compound having at least one polymerizable group and being liquid crystal. Here, a polymerizable group means a group that participates in the polymerization reaction, and it is preferably a photopolymerizable group. A photopolymerizable group is a group that can participate in the polymerization reaction by active radicals or acids generated from a polymerization initiator. Examples of polymerizable groups that liquid crystal compounds have include vinyl groups, vinyloxy groups, 1-chlorovinyl groups, isopropenyl groups, 4-vinylphenyl groups, acryloyloxy groups, methacryloyloxy groups, oxyranyl groups, and oxetanyl groups. Among these, radical polymerizable groups are preferred, acryloyloxy groups, methacryloyloxy groups, vinyloxy groups, oxyranyl groups, and oxetanyl groups are more preferred, and acryloyloxy groups are even more preferred.

[0071] In the present invention, the liquid crystalline compound may be either thermotropic or lyotropic, but from the viewpoint of miscibility with dichroic dyes, thermotropic liquid crystalline is preferred. Furthermore, examples of phase order structures in thermotropic liquid crystalline are nematic liquid crystalline, smectic liquid crystalline, and discotic liquid crystalline, among which thermotropic liquid crystalline compounds exhibiting a smectic liquid crystalline phase and thermotropic liquid crystalline compounds exhibiting a nematic liquid crystalline phase are preferred. As these liquid crystalline compounds, liquid crystalline compounds commonly used in the field of optical films can be appropriately selected and used, as long as they can form a functional layer having the desired properties to achieve the effects of the present invention.

[0072] Examples of the liquid crystalline compound that can constitute the functional layer include, for example, a compound represented by the following formula (A) (hereinafter, also referred to as "liquid crystalline compound (A)"). U 11 -V 11 -W 11 -(X 11 -Y 11 ) n -X 12 -W 12 -V 12 -U 12 (A) [In formula (A), X 11 and X 12 each independently represent a divalent aromatic group or a divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group, where the hydrogen atoms contained in the divalent aromatic group or divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be substituted with a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a cyano group or a nitro group, and the carbon atoms constituting the divalent aromatic group or divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be substituted with an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or a nitrogen atom. However, at least one of X 1 and X 2 is a 1,4-phenylene group which may have a substituent or a cyclohexane-1,4-diyl group which may have a substituent. Y 11 is a single bond or a divalent linking group. n is 1 to 3. When n is 2 or more, the plurality of X 1 may be the same as or different from each other. X 12 may be the same as or different from any or all of the plurality of X 1 . Also, when n is 2 or more, the plurality of Y 11 may be the same as or different from each other. From the viewpoint of liquid crystallinity, n is preferably 2 or more. U 11 represents a hydrogen atom or a polymerizable group. U 12 represents a polymerizable group. W 11 and W12 These are, independently of each other, single or divalent linking groups. V 11 and V 12 Each of these independently represents an alkanediyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, which may have substituents, and the -CH2- group constituting the alkanediyl group may be replaced with -O-, -CO-, -S-, or NH-.

[0073] In liquid crystalline compound (A), X 11 and X 12 These are, independently of each other, preferably a substituted 1,4-phenylene group or a substituted cyclohexane-1,4-diyl group, X 11 and X 12 At least one of these is an optionally substituted 1,4-phenylene group or an optionally substituted cyclohexane-1,4-diyl group, preferably a trans-cyclohexane-1,4-diyl group. Optional substituents on the optionally substituted 1,4-phenylene group or the optionally substituted cyclohexane-1,4-diyl group include C1-C4 alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, and butyl groups, cyano groups, and halogen atoms such as chlorine and fluorine atoms. It is preferably unsubstituted.

[0074] Furthermore, the liquid crystalline compound (A) is defined by formula (A1): -(X 11 -Y 11 ) n -X 12 - (A1) [In the formula, X 11 , Y 11 , X 12 And n have the same meaning as above. If the portion indicated by [hereinafter also referred to as substructure (A1)] has an asymmetric structure, it is more likely to exhibit smectic liquid crystal properties, particularly higher-order smectic liquid crystal properties. A liquid crystalline compound (A) in which the substructure (A1) is an asymmetric structure is, for example, n is 1 and one X 11 and X12 A liquid crystalline compound (A) is one in which n and have different structures from each other. Also, n is 2 and there are two Y 11 Compounds in which two X have the same structure 11 They have the same structure as each other, and one X 12 These two X 11 A liquid crystalline compound (A) has a different structure from two X 11 W 11 X that binds 11 However, the other X 11 and X 12 It has a different structure, and the other X 11 and X 12 Another example is a liquid crystalline compound (A) which has the same structure as the other. Furthermore, n is 3, and there are three Y 11 Compounds in which the three X's are identical in structure 11 and one X 12 One example is a liquid crystalline compound (A) in which one of the structures is different from all three others.

[0075] Y 11 -CH2CH2-, -CH2O-, -CH2CH2O-, -COO-, -OCOO-, single bond, -N=N-, -CR a =CR b -, -C≡C-, -CR a =N- or -CO-NR a - is preferable. a and R b Each of these independently represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. 11 -CH2CH2-, -CH2O-, -COO-, -OCOO-, single bond, -N=N-, -CR a =CR b -, -C≡C- or -CR a It is more preferably =N-, and more preferably -CH2CH2-, -COO-, -CH2O- or a single bond, and multiple Y 11 If X 12 Y that combines with 11 is -CH2CH2- or -CH2O-, X 12 Y that does not combine with 11It is even more preferable that the bond is -CH2CH2-, -COO-, or a single bond. 11 and X 12 If all have the same structure, then two or more Y have different bonding methods. 11 It is preferable that multiple Ys with different coupling methods exist. 11 When present, the structure becomes asymmetric, which tends to easily lead to the manifestation of smectic liquid crystallinity, particularly higher-order smectic liquid crystallinity.

[0076] U 12 U is a polymerizable group. 11 is a hydrogen atom or a polymerizable group, preferably a polymerizable group. 11 and U 12 It is preferable that both are polymerizable groups, more preferably that both are photopolymerizable groups, and even more preferably that both are photoradical polymerizable groups. Examples of polymerizable groups include those similar to those previously exemplified as polymerizable groups of liquid crystalline compounds. 11 Polymerizable group and U 12 The polymerizable groups shown may be different from each other, but are preferably of the same type, U 11 and U 12 It is preferable that at least one of the groups is a (meth)acryloyloxy group, more preferably both are (meth)acryloyloxy groups, and even more preferably both are acryloyloxy groups. The polymerizable group may be polymerized or unpolymerized, but it is preferably unpolymerized.

[0077] V 11 and V 12 Examples of alkanediyl groups represented by include methylene group, ethylene group, propane-1,3-diyl group, butane-1,3-diyl group, butane-1,4-diyl group, pentane-1,5-diyl group, hexane-1,6-diyl group, heptane-1,7-diyl group, octane-1,8-diyl group, decane-1,10-diyl group, tetradecane-1,14-diyl group, and eicosane-1,20-diyl group. 11 and V 12is preferably an alkanediyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably an alkanediyl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms.

[0078] Examples of the substituent that the alkanediyl group may optionally have include a cyano group and halogen atoms such as a chlorine atom and a fluorine atom. However, the alkanediyl group is preferably unsubstituted, and more preferably an unsubstituted linear alkanediyl group.

[0079] W 11 and W 12 are each independently preferably a single bond, -O-, -S-, -COO- or -OCOO-, more preferably a single bond or -O-.

[0080] Specific examples of the liquid crystalline compound (A) include compounds represented by the following formulas (A-1) to (A-25). When the liquid crystalline compound (A) has a cyclohexane-1,4-diyl group, the cyclohexane-1,4-diyl group is preferably a trans form.

[0081]

Chemical formula

[0082]

Chemical formula

[0083]

Chemical formula

[0084] Among these, at least one selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by formula (A-2), formula (A-3), formula (A-4), formula (A-6), formula (A-7), formula (A-8), formula (A-13), formula (A-14) and formula (A-15) is preferred.

[0085] The liquid crystalline compound (A) can be produced, for example, by a known method described in Lub et al., Recl. Trav. Chim. Pays-Bas, 115, 321-328 (1996), or Japanese Patent No. 4719156, etc.

[0086] Examples of the liquid crystalline compound that can constitute the functional layer also include a compound represented by the following formula (B) (hereinafter, also referred to as "liquid crystalline compound (B)"). P 1 -E 1 -(B 1 -G 1 ) k -L 1 -Ar-L 2 -(G 2 -B 2 )-E 2 -P 2 (B)

[0087] In formula (B), Ar represents a divalent group having an aromatic group which may have a substituent. Ar may have two or more aromatic groups. At least one of a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom, and a sulfur atom may be contained in the aromatic group. When there are two or more aromatic groups contained in Ar, the two or more aromatic groups may be bonded to each other by a divalent bonding group such as a single bond, -CO-O-, -O-, etc.

[0088] In formula (B), G 1 and G 2 each independently represent a divalent aromatic group or a divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group. Here, the hydrogen atom contained in the divalent aromatic group or the divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be substituted with a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a cyano group, or a nitro group, and the carbon atom constituting the divalent aromatic group or the divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be substituted with an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or a nitrogen atom.

[0089] In formula (B), L 1 、L 2 、B 1 and B 2Each of these is independently a single bond or a divalent linking group.

[0090] In equation (B), k and l each independently represent integers from 0 to 3, satisfying the relationship 1 ≤ k + l. Here, if 2 ≤ k + l, then B 1 and B 2 , G 1 and G 2 These elements may be identical to each other, or they may be different.

[0091] In formula (B), E 1 and E 2 Each of these independently represents an alkanediyl group having 1 to 17 carbon atoms, with an alkanediyl group having 4 to 12 carbon atoms being more preferred. Furthermore, the hydrogen atoms in the alkanediyl group may be substituted with halogen atoms, and the -CH2- in the alkanediyl group may be substituted with -O-, -S-, or -C(=O)-.

[0092] In formula (B), P 1 and P 2 Each of these independently represents a polymerizable group or a hydrogen atom, and at least one of them is a polymerizable group.

[0093] G 1 and G 2 Each of these is independently preferably a 1,4-phenylenediyl group which may be substituted with at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom and an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or a 1,4-cyclohexanediyl group which may be substituted with at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom and an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, more preferably a methyl-substituted 1,4-phenylenediyl group, an unsubstituted 1,4-phenylenediyl group, or an unsubstituted 1,4-trans-cyclohexanediyl group, and particularly preferably an unsubstituted 1,4-phenylenediyl group or an unsubstituted 1,4-trans-cyclohexandiyl group. Also, there are multiple G 1 and G 2 Preferably, at least one of them is a divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group, and L1 or L 2 G that joins 1 and G 2 It is more preferable that at least one of these is a divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group.

[0094] L 1 and L 2 Each of these is independently, preferably a single bond, an alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, -O-, -S-, -R a1 Ure a2 -, -R a3 COOR a4 -, -R a5 OCOR a6 -, -R a7 OC=OOR a8 -, -N=N-, -CR c =CR d -, or -C≡C-. Here, R a1 ~R a8 Each of these independently represents a single bond or an alkylene group with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R c and R d L represents an alkyl group or hydrogen atom with 1 to 4 carbon atoms. 1 and L 2 Each is independently, more preferably a single bond, -OR a2-1 -, -CH2-, -CH2CH2-, -COOR a4-1 -, or -OCOR a6-1 - is the case here R a2-1 , R a4-1 , R a6-1 Each of these independently represents either a single bond, -CH2-, or -CH2CH2-. 1 and L 2 Each of these is independently, and more preferably, a single bond, -O-, -CH2CH2-, -COO-, -COOCH2CH2-, or -OCO-.

[0095] B 1 and B 2 Each of these is independently, preferably a single bond, an alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, -O-, -S-, -R a9 Ure a10 -, -R a11 COOR a12-, -R a13 OCOR a14 -, or -R a15 OC=OOR a16 - is the case here R a9 ~R a16 Each of these independently represents a single bond or an alkylene group with 1 to 4 carbon atoms. 1 and B 2 Each is independently, more preferably a single bond, -OR a10-1 -, -CH2-, -CH2CH2-, -COOR a12-1 -, or -OCOR a14-1 - is the case here R a10-1 , R a12-1 , R a14-1 Each of these independently represents either a single bond, -CH2-, or -CH2CH2-. 1 and B 2 Each of these is independently, and more preferably, a single bond, -O-, -CH2CH2-, -COO-, -COOCH2CH2-, -OCO-, or -OCOCH2CH2-.

[0096] From the viewpoint of exhibiting inverse wavelength dispersion, k and l are preferably in the range of 2 ≤ k + l ≤ 6, preferably k + l = 4, and more preferably k = 2 and l = 2. A symmetric structure is preferred when k = 2 and l = 2.

[0097] P 1 or P 2 Examples of polymerizable groups represented by include epoxy groups, vinyl groups, vinyloxy groups, 1-chlorovinyl groups, isopropenyl groups, 4-vinylphenyl groups, (meth)acryloyl groups, (meth)acryloyloxy groups, oxyranyl groups, and oxetanyl groups. Among these, (meth)acryloyloxy groups, (meth)acryloyl groups, vinyl groups, and vinyloxy groups are preferred, with (meth)acryloyloxy groups being more preferred.

[0098] It is preferable that Ar has at least one selected from an aromatic hydrocarbon ring which may have substituents, an aromatic heterocycle which may have substituents, and an electron-withdrawing group. Examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon ring include a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, an anthracene ring, etc., with benzene rings and naphthalene rings being preferred. Examples of the aromatic heterocycle include a furan ring, a benzofuran ring, a pyrrole ring, an indole ring, a thiophene ring, a benzothiophene ring, a pyridine ring, a pyrazine ring, a pyrimidine ring, a triazole ring, a triazine ring, a pyrroline ring, a pyrodazole ring, an imidazole ring, a pyrazole ring, a thiazole ring, a benzothiazole ring, a thienothiazole ring, an oxazole ring, a benzoxazole ring, and a phenantholine ring, etc. Among these, it is preferable to have a thiazole ring, a benzothiazole ring, or a benzofuran ring, and it is even more preferable to have a benzothiazole ring. Furthermore, if Ar contains a nitrogen atom, it is preferable that the nitrogen atom has π electrons.

[0099] In equation (X), the total number of π electrons possessed by the group represented by Ar is N. π It is usually 6 or more, preferably 8 or more, more preferably 10 or more, even more preferably 14 or more, and particularly preferably 16 or more. Also, it is preferably 36 or less, more preferably 32 or less, even more preferably 26 or less, and particularly preferably 24 or less.

[0100] Examples of liquid crystalline compounds (B) include those described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 2010-31223 and Japanese Patent Publication No. 2019-003177, and can be manufactured in accordance with the methods described in these documents.

[0101] In the present invention, both liquid crystalline compounds exhibiting a smectic liquid crystal phase and liquid crystalline compounds exhibiting a nematic liquid crystal phase can be suitably used as the liquid crystalline compound forming the functional layer. However, in one embodiment of the present invention, it is preferable to use a liquid crystalline compound exhibiting a smectic liquid crystal phase as the liquid crystalline compound constituting the functional layer, and it is more preferable to use a liquid crystalline compound exhibiting a higher-order smectic liquid crystal phase. The liquid crystalline compounds exhibiting a smectic liquid crystal phase, the liquid crystalline compounds exhibiting a higher-order smectic liquid crystal phase, and the liquid crystalline compounds exhibiting a nematic liquid crystal phase may be used individually or in combination of two or more. Conventionally, polarizers formed from compositions containing a dichroic dye and a liquid crystalline compound, and light-absorbing anisotropic films that exhibit polarization performance used to improve the oblique hue when displaying white in organic EL display devices, require high orientational order. It is known that liquid crystalline compounds exhibiting a smectic liquid crystal phase, particularly a higher-order smectic liquid crystal phase, are suitable as liquid crystalline compounds for forming these. On the other hand, the inventors have found that when a functional layer is constructed using a smectic liquid crystal phase, particularly a liquid crystalline compound exhibiting a higher-order smectic liquid crystal phase, it is possible to more effectively absorb light leaked from the highly luminous region to the luminescence suppression region, which causes the halo phenomenon, while ensuring sufficient brightness, thereby further reducing the halo phenomenon. This is thought to be because a smectic liquid crystal phase, which has a higher orientation order and a layered structure, can more effectively absorb light leaked from the highly luminous region to the luminescence suppression region while ensuring good brightness, compared to a nematic liquid crystal phase, which has a lower orientation order.

[0102] A higher-order smectic liquid crystal phase refers to a smectic B phase, smectic D phase, smectic E phase, smectic F phase, smectic G phase, smectic H phase, smectic I phase, smectic J phase, smectic K phase, or smectic L phase. In the present invention, preferred higher-order smectic liquid crystal phases are smectic B phase, smectic F phase, or smectic I phase. When a functional layer contains a liquid crystalline compound exhibiting a higher-order smectic liquid crystal phase, it exhibits Bragg peaks derived from higher-order structures such as hexatic phases and crystal phases in X-ray diffraction measurements. Bragg peaks are peaks derived from the periodic structure of molecular orientation, and the functional layer has a specific periodic interval (order period) depending on the liquid crystal phase formed by the liquid crystalline compound contained in the functional layer. When the liquid crystal phase formed by the liquid crystalline compound is a higher-order smectic liquid crystal phase, the periodic interval of molecular orientation may be, for example, 3.0 Å to 6.0 Å.

[0103] In the present invention, it is preferable to use liquid crystalline compound (A) or liquid crystalline compound (B) as the liquid crystalline compound that forms the functional layer. Liquid crystalline compound (A) and liquid crystalline compound (B) may be used individually or in combination of two or more. In particular, liquid crystalline compound (A) is preferred as the liquid crystalline compound that exhibits a smectic liquid crystal phase, and liquid crystalline compound (B) is preferred as the liquid crystalline compound that exhibits a nematic liquid crystal phase.

[0104] In the present invention, it is preferable that the functional layer is formed by including liquid crystalline compound (A) or liquid crystalline compound (B), and it is preferable that the functional layer forming composition includes liquid crystalline compound (A) or (B). In one embodiment of the present invention, the functional layer forming composition contains liquid crystalline compound (A) or liquid crystalline compound (B) in a ratio of preferably 70% by mass or more, more preferably 80% by mass or more, even more preferably 85% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 90% by mass or more, with an upper limit of 100% by mass, based on the total mass of liquid crystalline compounds contained in the functional layer forming composition. When the ratio of liquid crystalline compound (A) or liquid crystalline compound (B) is within the above range, a functional layer can be obtained that has excellent ability to absorb light leaked from the strong emission region to the emission suppression region while ensuring good brightness when emission is controlled by local dimming. In particular, when the ratio of liquid crystalline compounds exhibiting a smectic liquid crystal phase, for example, the ratio of liquid crystalline compound (A), is above the above lower limit, a functional layer with even better reflective appearance effect can be obtained. That is, in one embodiment of the present invention, the functional layer forming composition contains, with respect to the total mass of liquid crystalline compounds contained in the functional layer forming composition, liquid crystalline compounds exhibiting a smectic liquid crystal phase in a ratio of preferably 70% by mass or more, more preferably 80% by mass or more, even more preferably 85% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 90% by mass or more, with an upper limit of 100% by mass. If the functional layer forming composition contains two or more liquid crystalline compounds (A) or liquid crystalline compounds (B), it is preferable that the total amount of liquid crystalline compounds (A) or liquid crystalline compounds (B) contained in the composition is within the above range.

[0105] The functional layer may also contain other liquid crystalline compounds besides liquid crystalline compound (A) or liquid crystalline compound (B). Examples of such other liquid crystalline compounds include compounds containing the structure represented by the following formula (C) (hereinafter also referred to as "liquid crystalline compound (C)").

[0106] P 11 -B 11 -E 11 -B 12 -A 11 -B 13 - (C) [In formula (C), P11 This represents a polymerizable group. A 11 This represents a divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group or a divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group. B 11 -O-, -S-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O-, -CO-NR 16 -, -NR 16 -CO-, -CO-, -CS-, or single bond. 16 This represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. B 12 and B 13 These are, independently of each other: -C≡C-, -CH=CH-, -CH2-CH2-, -O-, -S-, -C(=O)-, -C(=O)-O-, -OC(=O)-, -OC(=O)-O-, -CH=N-, -N=CH-, -N=N-, -C(=O)-NR 16 -, -NR 16 -C(=O)-, -OCH2-, -OCF2-, -CH2O-, -CF2O-, -CH=CH-C(=O)-O-, -OC(=O)-CH=CH-, -H, -C≡N-, or single bond. E 11 This represents an alkanediyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and the hydrogen atoms in the alkanediyl group may be substituted with an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or the hydrogen atoms in the alkoxy group may be substituted with a halogen atom. Furthermore, the -CH2- group constituting the alkanediyl group may be replaced with -O- or -CO-.

[0107] Specific examples of liquid crystalline compounds (C) include compounds having polymerizable groups among the compounds described in "3.8.6 Networks (Fully Crosslinked Type)" and "6.5.1 Liquid Crystal Materials b. Polymerizable Nematic Liquid Crystal Materials" of the Liquid Crystal Handbook (edited by the Liquid Crystal Handbook Editorial Committee, published by Maruzen Co., Ltd. on October 30, 2000), as well as liquid crystalline compounds described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 2010-31223, Japanese Patent Publication No. 2010-270108, Japanese Patent Publication No. 2011-6360, and Japanese Patent Publication No. 2011-207765.

[0108] In one embodiment of the present invention, the content of liquid crystalline compounds other than liquid crystalline compound (A) and liquid crystalline compound (B) in the functional layer forming composition is preferably 30% by mass or less, more preferably 20% by mass or less, even more preferably 15% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 10% by mass or less, relative to the total mass of liquid crystalline compounds contained in the functional layer forming composition, and the lower limit may be 0% by mass. When the proportion of liquid crystalline compounds other than liquid crystalline compound (A) and liquid crystalline compound (B) is within the above range, a functional layer can be obtained that has excellent ability to absorb light leaked from the strong emission region to the emission suppression region while ensuring good brightness when luminescence is controlled by local dimming.

[0109] The content of the liquid crystalline compound in the functional layer-forming composition is preferably 40 to 99.9% by mass, more preferably 60 to 99% by mass, and even more preferably 70 to 99% by mass, relative to the solid content of the functional layer-forming composition. When the content of the liquid crystalline compound is within the above range, the orientation of the liquid crystalline compound tends to be high.

[0110] In the present invention, the functional layer is composed of a dichroic dye in addition to a liquid crystalline compound. A dichroic dye is a dye that has the property that its absorbance in the long axis direction of the molecule is different from its absorbance in the short axis direction. In one embodiment of the present invention, it is preferable that the dichroic dye included in the functional layer includes a combination of at least one cyan dye, at least one magenta dye, and at least one yellow dye. If the dichroic dye in the functional layer can absorb light corresponding to the emission wavelength of the color conversion sheet, then when emission is controlled by local dimming, light leaked from the strong emission region to the emission suppression region can be absorbed more effectively while ensuring good brightness, leading to improved display performance. The color conversion sheet is, for example, a QD (Quantum Dot) sheet or a phosphor sheet, and usually corresponds to an RGB color filter. Therefore, by including at least three different dichroic dyes in the functional layer, the leaked light is effectively absorbed by the functional layer, and the halo phenomenon can be suitably suppressed.

[0111] In this specification, cyan dye refers to a dichroic dye having maximum absorption at wavelengths of 600 nm to 750 nm. Magenta dye refers to a dichroic dye having maximum absorption at wavelengths of 500 nm to less than 600 nm. Yellow dye refers to a dichroic dye having maximum absorption at wavelengths of 380 nm to less than 500 nm. The coloring of the display screen when displaying white may occur because the color of the functional layer is visible due to light absorption by the dichroic dye in the functional layer. If the dichroic dye contained in the functional layer can absorb light corresponding to the emission wavelength of the color conversion sheet, then when emission is controlled by local dimming, light leaking from the strong emission region to the emission suppression region can be absorbed more effectively while ensuring good brightness. Generally, the emission wavelengths of display devices are often 440-460 nm, 530-550 nm, and 640-660 nm. Therefore, by combining dichroic dyes having a maximum absorption wavelength (λmax) in these wavelength ranges, it is possible to obtain a laminate that can suppress the halo phenomenon and improve brightness in a display device capable of local dimming. The absorbance of the dichroic dye can be measured by a spectrophotometer in a solution state in which the dichroic dye is dissolved in a solvent that dissolves the dichroic dye, such as chloroform, or in a solid phase state in which the solution is applied to a glass substrate or other substrate and dried.

[0112] The content of the dichroic dyes constituting the functional layer can be appropriately determined depending on the type of dichroic dye used, the thickness of the functional layer, the type of color conversion sheet to be combined, etc. For example, the content of each dichroic dye is preferably 1 part by mass or more, more preferably 2 parts by mass or more, and preferably 15 parts by mass or less, more preferably 10 parts by mass or less, per 100 parts by mass of the liquid crystalline compound. When two or more dichroic dyes of the same type, classified as cyan, magenta, or yellow, are included (i.e., for example, when multiple dichroic dyes classified as cyan are included), it is preferable that the total content of the same type of dichroic dye as the "content of each dichroic dye" is within the above range (the same applies hereinafter to the content of dichroic dyes). In one embodiment of the present invention, when the dichroic dye includes three types of dyes: cyan, magenta, and yellow, the total amount of these dyes is preferably 1 part by mass or more, more preferably 3 parts by mass or more, even more preferably 5 parts by mass or more, and preferably 30 parts by mass or less, more preferably 25 parts by mass or less, and even more preferably 20 parts by mass or less, per 100 parts by mass of the liquid crystalline compound. When the content of the dichroic dye is within the above range, a laminate can be obtained that can provide suppression of the halo phenomenon and improved brightness in a display device capable of local dimming.

[0113] The mixing ratio of the three pigments—cyan, magenta, and yellow—can be appropriately determined depending on the type of color conversion sheet being used.

[0114] The functional layer may contain dichroic dyes other than the three types of cyan, magenta, and yellow dyes, as long as it has the effect obtained by containing the three types of dichroic dyes. When incorporated into a display device including a color conversion sheet, from the viewpoint of ensuring good luminescence brightness while suppressing the halo phenomenon, the content of dichroic dyes other than cyan, magenta, and yellow dyes is preferably 10% by mass or less, more preferably 8% by mass or less, even more preferably 5% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 3% by mass or less, relative to the total content of dichroic dyes contained in the functional layer. From the viewpoint of further enhancing the effect obtained by the functional layer containing the three types of dichroic dyes, in one embodiment of the present invention, the functional layer substantially does not contain dichroic dyes other than cyan, magenta, and yellow dyes. Here, "substantially not contained" means that the content of other dichroic dyes is 0.5% by mass or less, preferably 0.1% by mass or less, relative to the total content of the three types of dichroic dyes contained in the functional layer, and the content of other dichroic dyes may be 0% by mass.

[0115] The dichroic pigments that constitute the functional layer are usually dyes. When the dichroic pigments are dyes, light scattering caused by the dichroic pigments does not occur within the functional layer, which leads to an improvement in the reflective appearance when incorporated into a display device that includes a color conversion sheet. Conversely, when the functional layer contains pigments, for example, the pigment particles may promote the scattering of light that has leaked from the high-luminescence region to the luminescence-suppressing region, leading to scattered light in the functional layer and a decrease in the reflective appearance. Therefore, the pigment content in the functional layer is preferably 1% by mass or less, more preferably 0.5% by mass or less, and even more preferably 0.1% by mass, relative to the solid content of the functional layer forming composition, and may be, for example, 0% by mass. Examples of pigments include black pigments such as carbon black.

[0116] The content (i.e., amount c) (total content) of the dichroic dye in the laminate of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the functional layer in the laminate satisfies a predetermined dichroic dye amount parameter, but is preferably 2 to 30 parts by mass, more preferably 3 to 25 parts by mass, and even more preferably 5 to 20 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the liquid crystalline compound in the functional layer forming composition. When the amount c of the dichroic dye is within the above range, depending on the type of dichroic dye included, the laminate can be made that can suppress the halo phenomenon while ensuring good luminescence brightness when incorporated into a display device including a color conversion sheet.

[0117] In the present invention, the dichroic dye can be appropriately selected and combined from dichroic dyes known in the field of optical films. Examples of such dichroic dyes include acridine dyes, oxazine dyes, cyanine dyes, naphthalene dyes, azo dyes, and anthraquinone dyes. Among these, azo dyes are preferred. Examples of azo dyes include monoazo dyes, bisazo dyes, trisazo dyes, tetrakisazo dyes, and stilbenazo dyes, with bisazo dyes and trisazo dyes being preferred.

[0118] Examples of azo dyes include the compound represented by formula (I) (hereinafter also referred to as "compound (I)"). K 1 (-N=NK 2 ) p -N=NK 3 (I) [In formula (I), K 1 and K 3 These independently represent an optionally substituted phenyl group, an optionally substituted naphthyl group, an optionally substituted phenyl benzoate group, or an optionally substituted monovalent heterocyclic group. 2 k represents an optionally substituted p-phenylene group, an optionally substituted naphthalene-1,4-diyl group, an optionally substituted 4,4'-stilbenylene group, or an optionally substituted divalent heterocyclic group. p represents an integer from 0 to 4. If p is an integer of 2 or more, multiple k 2These may be identical or different from each other. Within the range showing absorption in the visible spectrum, the -N=N- bond may be replaced by -C=C-, -COO-, -NHCO-, or -N=CH- bonds.

[0119] Examples of monovalent heterocyclic groups include groups obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from heterocyclic compounds such as quinoline, thiazole, benzothiazole, thienothiazole, imidazole, benzimidazole, oxazole, and benzoxazole. Examples of divalent heterocyclic groups include groups obtained by removing two hydrogen atoms from the aforementioned heterocyclic compounds.

[0120] K 1 and K 3 The phenyl group, naphthyl group, phenyl benzoate ester group and monovalent heterocyclic group in, and K 2 The p-phenylene group, naphthalene-1,4-diyl group, 4,4'-stilbenylene group, and divalent heterocyclic group may optionally have substituents such as C1-C20 alkyl groups, C1-C20 alkyl groups with polymerizable groups, C1-C4 alkenyl groups; C1-C20 alkoxy groups such as methoxy, ethoxy, and butoxy groups; C1-C20 alkoxy groups with polymerizable groups; and C1-C4 fluorinated alkyl groups such as trifluoromethyl groups. Examples of polymerizable groups include cyano groups, nitro groups, halogen atoms, and substituted or unsubstituted amino groups such as amino groups, diethylamino groups, and pyrrolidino groups (a substituted amino group means an amino group having one or two C1-C6 alkyl groups, an amino group having one or two C1-C6 alkyl groups that have a polymerizable group, or an amino group in which two substituted alkyl groups are bonded to each other to form an alkanediyl group having 2-C8 atoms; an unsubstituted amino group is -NH2). Examples of polymerizable groups include (meth)acryloyl groups and (meth)acryloyloxy groups.

[0121] Specific examples of dichroic dyes include compounds described in, for example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 2013-101328 and Japanese Patent Publication No. 2013-210624. From these dichroic dyes, a dichroic dye in the desired wavelength range can be appropriately selected and used depending on the emission wavelength from the color conversion sheet used.

[0122] The functional layer-forming composition may contain a polymerization initiator. The polymerization initiator is a compound capable of initiating a polymerization reaction, such as a liquid crystalline compound. As the polymerization initiator, a photopolymerization initiator that generates active radicals or acids upon the action of light is preferred, and a photopolymerization initiator that generates radicals upon the action of light is more preferred, as it can initiate the polymerization reaction under lower temperature conditions. The polymerization initiator may be used alone or in combination of two or more types.

[0123] As photopolymerization initiators, known photopolymerization initiators can be used. For example, photopolymerization initiators that generate active radicals include self-cleaving type photopolymerization initiators and hydrogen abstraction type photopolymerization initiators. Self-cleaving photopolymerization initiators include self-cleaving benzoin compounds, acetophenone compounds, hydroxyacetophenone compounds, α-aminoacetophenone compounds, oxime ester compounds, acylphosphine oxide compounds, azo compounds, etc. In addition, hydrogen abstraction type photopolymerization initiators include hydrogen abstraction benzophenone compounds, benzoin ether compounds, benzyl ketal compounds, dibenzosverone compounds, anthraquinone compounds, xanthone compounds, thioxanthone compounds, halogenoacetophenone compounds, dialkoxyacetophenone compounds, halogenobisimidazole compounds, halogenotriazine compounds, triazine compounds, etc.

[0124] Iodonium salts and sulfonium salts can be used as photopolymerization initiators that generate acid.

[0125] In particular, reactions at low temperatures are preferred from the viewpoint of preventing the dissolution of dichroic dyes, and self-cleaving photopolymerization initiators are preferred from the viewpoint of reaction efficiency at low temperatures, with acetophenone compounds, hydroxyacetophenone compounds, α-aminoacetophenone compounds, and oxime ester compounds being especially preferred.

[0126] Examples of photopolymerization initiators include the following: Benzoin compounds such as benzoin, benzoin methyl ether, benzoin ethyl ether, benzoin isopropyl ether, and benzoin isobutyl ether; Hydroxyacetophenone compounds such as oligomers of 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropan-1-one, 1,2-diphenyl-2,2-dimethoxyethane-1-one, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-[4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]propan-1-one, 1-hydroxycyclohexylphenyl ketone, and 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-[4-(1-methylvinyl)phenyl]propan-1-one; α-aminoacetophenone compounds such as 2-methyl-2-morpholino-1-(4-methylthiophenyl)propan-1-one and 2-dimethylamino-2-benzyl-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)butan-1-one; Oxime ester compounds such as 1,2-octanedione, 1-[4-(phenylthio)-,2-(O-benzoyl oxime)], ethanone, 1-[9-ethyl-6-(2-methylbenzoyl)-9H-carbazole-3-yl]-,1-(O-acetyl oxime); Acylphosphine oxide compounds such as 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide and bis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phenylphosphine oxide; Benzophenone compounds such as benzophenone, o-methyl benzoylbenzoate, 4-phenylbenzophenone, 4-benzoyl-4'-methyldiphenyl sulfide, 3,3',4,4'-tetra(tert-butylperoxycarbonyl)benzophenone, and 2,4,6-trimethylbenzophenone; Dialkoxyacetophenone compounds such as diethoxyacetophenone; 2,4-Bis(trichloromethyl)-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2,4-Bis(trichloromethyl)-6-(4-methoxynaphthyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2,4-Bis(trichloromethyl)-6-(4-methoxystyryl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2,4-Bis(trichloromethyl)-6-[2-(5-methylfuran-2-yl)ethenyl]-1,3,5- Triazine compounds such as lyazine, 2,4-bis(trichloromethyl)-6-[2-(furan-2-yl)ethenyl]-1,3,5-triazine, 2,4-bis(trichloromethyl)-6-[2-(4-diethylamino-2-methylphenyl)ethenyl]-1,3,5-triazine, and 2,4-bis(trichloromethyl)-6-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-1,3,5-triazine. The photopolymerization initiator may be appropriately selected in relation to the liquid crystalline compound that forms the functional layer from the above-mentioned photopolymerization initiator.

[0127] Alternatively, commercially available photopolymerization initiators may be used. Examples of commercially available polymerization initiators include Irgacure® 907, 184, 651, 819, 250 and 369, 379, 127, 754 (manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals), Irgacure® OXE01, OXE02, OXE03 (manufactured by BASF), Omnirad BCIM, Esacure 1001M, and Esacure KIP160 (IDM Resins). Examples include: BV Corporation; Seikaol (registered trademark) BZ, Z, and BEE (manufactured by Seiko Chemical Co., Ltd.); Kayacure (registered trademark) BP100 and UVI-6992 (manufactured by Dow Chemical Ltd.); Adeka Optomer SP-152, N-1717, N-1919, SP-170, Adeka Arclus NCI-831, Adeka Arclus NCI-930 (manufactured by ADEKA Corporation); TAZ-A and TAZ-PP (manufactured by Nippon Siber Hegner Co., Ltd.); and TAZ-104 (manufactured by Sanwa Chemical Co., Ltd.).

[0128] The polymerization initiator content is preferably 0.1 to 20 parts by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 15 parts by mass, even more preferably 0.5 to 10 parts by mass, and particularly preferably 0.5 to 8 parts by mass, per 100 parts by mass of the liquid crystalline compound. When the polymerization initiator content is within the above range, the polymerization reaction can be carried out without significantly disrupting the orientation of the liquid crystalline compound.

[0129] The functional layer may contain a leveling agent. The leveling agent has the function of adjusting the fluidity of the functional layer-forming composition and making the coating film obtained by applying the composition flatter. Specific examples of leveling agents include surfactants, and preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of leveling agents mainly composed of polyacrylate compounds and leveling agents mainly composed of fluorine atom-containing compounds. Leveling agents can be used alone or in combination of two or more types.

[0130] Examples of leveling agents primarily composed of polyacrylate compounds include BYK-350, BYK-352, BYK-353, BYK-354, BYK-355, BYK-358N, BYK-361N, BYK-380, BYK-381, and BYK-392 (BYK Chemie).

[0131] Examples of leveling agents whose main component is a fluorine atom-containing compound include Megafac® R-08, R-30, R-90, F-410, F-411, F-443, F-445, F-470, F-471, F-477, F-479, F-482, F-483 and F-556 (DIC Corporation); Surflon® S-381, S-382, S-383, S-393, SC-101, SC-105, KH-40 and SA-100 (AGC Seimi Chemical Co., Ltd.); E1830, E5844 (Daikin Fine Chemical Laboratories, Inc.); F-Top EF301, F-Top EF303, F-Top EF351 and F-Top EF352 (Mitsubishi Materials Electronic Chemicals Co., Ltd.).

[0132] When the functional layer contains a leveling agent, its content is preferably 0.01 to 5 parts by mass, and more preferably 0.05 to 3 parts by mass, per 100 parts by mass of the liquid crystalline compound. When the leveling agent content is within the above range, the liquid crystalline compound is more easily oriented, unevenness is less likely to occur, and a smoother functional layer tends to be obtained.

[0133] The functional layer may contain a crosslinking agent. By including a crosslinking agent, the crosslinking density of polymerization reactive sites in the functional layer can be increased, thereby improving the film strength of the functional layer. Examples of crosslinking agents include monofunctional (meth)acrylates and polyfunctional (meth)acrylates, with polyfunctional (meth)acrylates being preferred because they facilitate continuous polymerization reactions with liquid crystalline compounds.

[0134] If the functional layer contains a crosslinking agent, its content is preferably 0.1 to 10 parts by mass, and more preferably 0.5 to 8 parts by mass, per 100 parts by mass of the liquid crystalline compound. When the crosslinking agent content is within the above range, it is less likely to disrupt the orientation of the liquid crystalline compound and dichroic dye, and when incorporated into a display device including an LED light source, it is possible to increase the film strength while having high absorption capacity for reflected and scattered light.

[0135] The functional layer may contain additives other than leveling agents and crosslinking agents. Examples of other additives include photosensitizers, antioxidants, mold release agents, stabilizers, flame retardants, and lubricants. When other additives are included, the content of the other additives is preferably greater than 0% by mass and less than 20% by mass, and more preferably greater than 0% by mass and less than 10% by mass, relative to the solid content of the functional layer forming composition.

[0136] The functional layer-forming composition can be prepared by conventionally known methods for preparing liquid crystal compositions, and is typically prepared by mixing and stirring a liquid crystalline compound and a dichroic dye, as well as a polymerization initiator and the above-mentioned additives as needed. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of improving the coatability of the composition and facilitating the formation of the functional layer, the viscosity may be adjusted by adding a solvent to the functional layer-forming composition.

[0137] The solvent can be appropriately selected according to the solubility of the liquid crystalline compound and dichroic dye used, and it is preferable that the solvent can completely dissolve the components and is inert to polymerization reactions. Specifically, examples of solvents include those exemplified as usable in compositions for forming a low-reflectance layer, and these solvents may be used individually or in combination of two or more.

[0138] The solvent content is preferably 50 to 98 parts by mass, more preferably 70 to 95 parts by mass, per 100 parts by mass of the functional layer forming composition. Therefore, the solid content per 100 parts by mass of the functional layer forming composition is preferably 2 to 50 parts by mass. When the solid content is 50 parts by mass or less, the viscosity of the functional layer forming composition decreases, which tends to result in a more uniform film thickness and less unevenness. The above solid content can be appropriately determined considering the thickness of the functional layer to be manufactured.

[0139] The functional layer of the present invention is a layer in which a liquid crystalline compound and a dichroic dye are cured in a state in which they are oriented perpendicular (vertically) to the plane of the layer, and it is preferable that the following formula (2) is satisfied when any direction within the plane of the functional layer is taken as the x-axis, the direction perpendicular to the x-axis within the plane is taken as the y-axis, and the thickness direction of the layer perpendicular to the x-axis and y-axis is taken as the z-axis (see Figure 1). Ax(z=50) / Ax≧3.5 (2) [In the formula, both Ax and Ax(z=50) are absorbances at a wavelength of 550 nm, where Ax represents the absorbance of linearly polarized light vibrating in the x-axis direction, and Ax(z=50) represents the absorbance of linearly polarized light vibrating in the x-axis direction when the functional layer is rotated 50° around the y-axis as the axis of rotation.]

[0140] Ax can be measured by incidenting linearly polarized light vibrating in the x-axis direction from the z-axis direction toward the layer surface. Ax(z=50) can be measured by incidenting the same linearly polarized light as that used to measure Ax, with the functional layer rotated by 50° around the y-axis as the axis of rotation. Here, the rotation of the functional layer is performed by rotating the functional layer, which is in the state in which Ax was measured, by 50° around the y-axis as the axis of rotation in the direction of incidence of the linearly polarized light. From the viewpoint of achieving good brightness and suppressing the halo phenomenon, Ax(z=50) / Ax is preferably 4.0 or more, more preferably 5.0 or more, and particularly preferably 8.0 or more, for example, 45 or less, preferably 40 or less, and more preferably 30 or less. By selecting the types of polymerizable liquid crystalline compounds and dichroic dyes used in the functional layer-forming composition, as well as their blending ratios, the functional layer can be adjusted to satisfy formula (2).

[0141] In one embodiment of the present invention, it is preferable that the functional layer exhibits a Bragg peak in X-ray diffraction measurement. A Bragg peak refers to a peak derived from the periodic plane structure of molecular orientation, and a liquid crystal cured film with a high degree of orientational order exhibits a Bragg peak derived from higher-order structures such as the hexatic phase and the crystalline phase in X-ray diffraction measurement. In the present invention, by forming the functional layer with a high degree of orientational order that exhibits a Bragg peak, when incorporated into a display device capable of local dimming, it is possible to ensure good brightness while suppressing the halo phenomenon, thereby achieving an even greater improvement in display performance. A high degree of orientational order, such as exhibiting a Bragg peak, can be achieved by controlling the type of polymerizable liquid crystalline compound used, the type or amount of dichroic dye, and the type or amount of polymerization initiator used.

[0142] The thickness of the functional layer per unit (i.e., thickness t) is not particularly limited as long as the functional layer in the laminate satisfies a predetermined dichroic dye quantity parameter, but may be, for example, 0.05 μm to 5 μm, preferably 0.1 μm or more, more preferably 0.3 μm or more, and also preferably 4 μm or less, more preferably 3 μm or less. When the thickness of the functional layer is above the lower limit, the liquid crystalline compound and dichroic dye can be suitably oriented. When the thickness of the functional layer is below the upper limit, the orientation of the liquid crystalline compound and dichroic dye is less likely to be disturbed, and high transmittance in the front direction can be ensured, resulting in high luminescence brightness when displaying white, and enabling a thinner design when incorporated into a display device. The thickness of the functional layer can be measured using a laser microscope or a film thickness gauge.

[0143] In the present invention, the functional layer is obtained by orienting the absorption axis of the dichroic dye in a direction perpendicular to the layer plane. In such a host-guest type optical anisotropic film (functional layer), the direction of the absorption axis of the dichroic dye is usually controlled by the direction in which the liquid crystalline compound is oriented. By orienting the molecular long axis of the liquid crystalline compound in a direction perpendicular to the layer plane, the absorption axis of the dichroic dye can usually be oriented perpendicular to the film surface. The orientation direction of the liquid crystalline compound can be controlled by the properties of the functional layer-forming composition containing the liquid crystalline compound and the dichroic dye, the properties of the surface to which the composition is applied, and so on.

[0144] In the present invention, the functional layer is, for example, A step of forming a coating film of a functional layer-forming composition containing a liquid crystalline compound and a dichroic dye on a surface on which a functional layer is to be formed. A step of drying the obtained coating film to obtain a dried coating film, and, A process of curing the coating film in which the liquid crystalline compound and the dichroic dye are oriented perpendicular to the surface of the coating film. It can be manufactured by a method that includes [a specific component].

[0145] The surface on which the functional layer is formed is, for example, a substrate, and if the functional layer has a diffusion-preventing layer described later on one or both sides, it may be, for example, on the diffusion-preventing layer formed on the substrate. As the substrate, a resin film substrate conventionally known in the field of optical films can be used, and when the functional layer is incorporated into the laminate of the present invention, a transparent resin film substrate is preferable if the substrate is not peeled off. A transparent resin film substrate means a film substrate that has light-transmitting properties that can transmit light, especially visible light, and light-transmitting properties refer to the characteristic that the luminous sensitivity correction transmittance for light rays with wavelengths ranging from 380 nm to 780 nm is 80% or more. As the substrate, the same substrates as those exemplified as substrates that can constitute a low-reflection film can be used.

[0146] To control the orientation of the functional layer, the functional layer may be formed on an orientation film. The orientation film is preferably solvent-resistant, not dissolved by the application of the functional layer forming composition, and heat-resistant for solvent removal and heat treatment for orientation of the liquid crystalline compound. Examples of such orientation films include orientation films containing orientation polymers and photo-alignment films. Specifically, for example, an orientation film containing an orientation polymer or a photo-alignment film as described in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2016-27387 can be used. In one embodiment of the present invention, the functional layer is laminated adjacent to a diffusion barrier layer, which will be described later. That is, in this embodiment, there is no orientation film between the functional layer and the diffusion barrier layer.

[0147] As a method for applying a functional layer-forming composition to a substrate or the like to form a coating film of the composition, the same method as for obtaining a coating film of a low-reflection layer-forming composition can be employed. Next, a dried coating film is formed by removing the solvent by drying or the like under conditions that prevent polymerization of the liquid crystalline compound contained in the obtained coating film. Examples of drying methods include natural drying, forced-air drying, heat drying, and reduced-pressure drying.

[0148] Liquid crystalline compounds in a coating film are typically heated above the temperature at which they transition to a liquid crystal or solution state, and then cooled to the temperature at which they become liquid crystal, causing them to orient together with dichroic dyes and form a liquid crystal phase.

[0149] The temperature at which the liquid crystalline compound in the coating film aligns can be determined in advance by observing the texture of a composition containing the liquid crystalline compound. Alternatively, solvent removal and liquid crystal orientation may be performed simultaneously. The temperature for this process depends on the solvent being removed and the type of liquid crystalline compound used, but is preferably in the range of 50 to 200°C, and more preferably in the range of 80 to 130°C.

[0150] A functional layer is formed as a cured film of the liquid crystal composition by polymerizing and curing a liquid crystal compound while maintaining its liquid crystal state. Photopolymerization is preferred as the polymerization method. In photopolymerization, the light irradiated onto the dried coating film is appropriately selected according to the type of liquid crystal compound contained in the dried coating film (particularly the type of polymerizable group possessed by the liquid crystal compound), the type of polymerization initiator, and their amounts.

[0151] Examples of active energy ray light sources include those similar to those exemplified for use in curing low-reflection layer formation compositions. The irradiation intensity of the active energy rays is typically 10 to 3,000 mW / cm². 2 The irradiation intensity is preferably in the wavelength range effective for activating the photopolymerization initiator. The irradiation is performed once or multiple times with such an active energy ray irradiation intensity, and the integrated light dose is preferably 10 to 5,000 mJ / cm². 2 Preferably 50 to 3,000 mJ / cm² 2 More preferably 100-2,000 mJ / cm² 2 That is the case.

[0152] In the laminate of the present invention, the functional layer may include a diffusion-blocking layer on one or both sides thereof. By laminating the diffusion-blocking layer on the functional layer, the diffusion of the dichroic dye contained in the functional layer to other layers can be effectively suppressed, and when the laminate of the present invention is incorporated into a display device or the like, the deterioration of optical properties over time caused by the diffusion of the dichroic dye can be suppressed. From the viewpoint of fully obtaining such effects, it is preferable that the diffusion-blocking layer is provided adjacent to the functional layer on at least one side of the functional layer, and more preferably that it is provided adjacent to the functional layer on both sides of the functional layer, or via only the alignment film that forms the functional layer. When the diffusion-blocking layer is provided on both sides of the functional layer, they may be the same or different.

[0153] The diffusion-preventing layer is not particularly limited as long as it is a layer that has a diffusion-preventing function for dichroic dyes. Examples include a layer formed from a resin composition containing a water-soluble polymer, or a layer formed from a curable composition containing an active energy ray-curable resin.

[0154] Because water-soluble polymers have significantly different polarities from dichroic dyes, they can inhibit the diffusion of dichroic dyes. Examples of water-soluble polymers that can form a diffusion-preventing layer include polyacrylamide polymers; vinyl alcohol polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol, ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymers, (meth)acrylic acid or its anhydride-vinyl alcohol copolymers; carboxyvinyl polymers; polyvinylpyrrolidone; starches; sodium alginate; or polyethylene oxide polymers. These polymers may be used individually or in combination of two or more.

[0155] When the diffusion-preventing layer is formed from a resin composition containing a water-soluble polymer (hereinafter also referred to as the "water-soluble polymer-containing resin composition"), the water-soluble polymer content in the layer is preferably 75% by mass or more, more preferably 80% by mass or more, and even more preferably 85% by mass or more.

[0156] If the diffusion-preventing layer is formed from a water-soluble polymer-containing resin composition, a crosslinked structure may be introduced by using a crosslinking agent to increase the density of the layer and improve the diffusion-preventing function of the dichroic dye. Such crosslinking agents may include, for example, water-soluble additives and crosslinking agents such as ionic crosslinking agents such as glyoxylates and epoxy crosslinking agents, as well as hydrophobic crosslinking agents such as isocyanate crosslinking agents, polyhydric aldehyde crosslinking agents such as glyoxal and glyoxal derivatives, and metal compound crosslinking agents such as zirconium chloride or titanium lactate, for the purpose of imparting water resistance.

[0157] When a crosslinking agent is used to introduce a crosslinked structure into the diffusion-blocking layer, the amount added can be appropriately determined depending on the type of crosslinking agent used. For example, the amount may be 0.1 to 100 parts by mass, preferably 1 to 50 parts by mass, and more preferably 10 to 30 parts by mass, per 100 parts by mass of water-soluble polymer. When the crosslinking agent content is within the above range, the diffusion-blocking layer becomes denser, and the shielding effect against dichroic dyes in the functional layer tends to improve.

[0158] A water-soluble polymer-containing resin composition capable of forming a diffusion-preventing layer is typically prepared as a solution in which the water-soluble polymer is dissolved in a solvent. The solvent can be selected depending on the water-soluble polymer used, but typically includes water, alcohol, or a mixture of water and alcohol, with water being preferred.

[0159] The solid content concentration of the water-soluble polymer-containing resin composition obtained by adding a solvent to components constituting the diffusion-preventing layer, such as water-soluble polymers and crosslinking agents, is preferably 1 to 50% by mass, more preferably 2 to 30% by mass. When the solid content concentration of the water-soluble polymer-containing resin composition is within the above range, the viscosity of the composition becomes low, resulting in good coating properties and handling.

[0160] The water-soluble polymer-containing resin composition may contain other components such as additives in addition to the water-soluble polymer, crosslinking agent, and solvent such as water. Examples of such other components include preservatives and leveling agents. When the water-soluble polymer-containing resin composition contains other components such as additives, the amount thereof is preferably 10% by mass or less, more preferably 5% by mass or less, based on the solid content of the resin composition.

[0161] For example, a diffusion-preventing layer can be obtained by coating a water-soluble polymer-containing resin composition onto the surface on which the diffusion-preventing layer is to be formed, and then drying and curing the coating film.

[0162] The method for applying the water-soluble polymer-containing resin composition is not particularly limited, and known methods similar to those for applying the low-reflectance layer-forming composition can be used.

[0163] The drying temperature and time for forming a diffusion-preventive layer from a coating film of a water-soluble polymer-containing resin composition are not particularly limited and can be appropriately determined according to the composition of the water-soluble polymer-containing resin composition used. The drying process can be carried out, for example, by blowing hot air, and the temperature is usually in the range of 40 to 100°C, preferably 60 to 100°C. The drying time is usually 10 to 600 seconds.

[0164] Active energy ray curable resins tend to exhibit excellent diffusion prevention functions for dichroic dyes because they can be polymerized to a high degree. Curable compositions containing active energy ray curable resins capable of forming a diffusion prevention layer (hereinafter also referred to as "curable compositions for forming a diffusion prevention layer") include cationic polymerization type curable compositions containing cationic polymerizable compounds as curable compounds, radical polymerization type curable compositions containing radical polymerizable compounds as curable compounds, and hybrid curable compositions containing both cationic polymerizable compounds and radical polymerizable compounds. Specific examples of cationic polymerizable compounds include epoxy compounds having one or more epoxy groups in the molecule, oxetane compounds having one or more oxetane rings in the molecule, and vinyl compounds. Specific examples of radical polymerizable compounds include (meth)acrylic compounds having one or more (meth)acryloyl groups in the molecule, and vinyl compounds. Curable compositions for forming a diffusion prevention layer may contain one or more cationic polymerizable compounds and / or one or more radical polymerizable compounds.

[0165] Cationic polymerizable compounds, which are the main components of cationic polymerization-type curable compositions, are compounds that undergo a cationic polymerization reaction and harden upon irradiation with active energy rays such as ultraviolet light, visible light, electron beams, and X-rays, or upon heating. Examples include epoxy compounds, oxetane compounds, and vinyl compounds. Among these, epoxy compounds are preferred as cationic polymerizable compounds.

[0166] An epoxy compound is a compound having one or more, preferably two or more, epoxy groups in its molecule. Epoxy compounds may be used individually or in combination of two or more. Examples of epoxy compounds include alicyclic epoxy compounds, aromatic epoxy compounds, hydrogenated epoxy compounds, and aliphatic epoxy compounds. Among these, from the viewpoint of weather resistance, curing speed, and adhesion, it is preferable that the epoxy compound includes alicyclic epoxy compounds and aliphatic epoxy compounds.

[0167] In one embodiment of the present invention, when the curable composition for forming a diffusion-preventing layer contains an epoxy compound as a cationic polymerizable compound, the content of the epoxy compound is preferably 10 parts by mass or more, more preferably 15 parts by mass or more, even more preferably 20 parts by mass or more, preferably 70 parts by mass or less, more preferably 60 parts by mass or less, and even more preferably 50 parts by mass or less, based on 100 parts by mass of the solid content of the curable composition.

[0168] When the total amount of curable compounds in a curable composition for forming a diffusion-blocking layer containing a cationic polymerizable compound (including hybrid types) is taken as 100% by mass, the content of the cationic polymerizable compound (the total content of two or more cationic polymerizable compounds if they are included) is preferably 50% by mass or more, more preferably 60% by mass or more, and even more preferably 70% by mass or more. Furthermore, the cationic polymerization type curable composition may further contain polymer components (such as thermoplastic resins).

[0169] When a curable composition for forming a diffusion-blocking layer contains a cationic polymerizable compound, it is preferable to include a photocationic polymerization initiator. A photocationic polymerization initiator generates cationic species or Lewis acids upon irradiation with active energy rays such as visible light, ultraviolet light, X-rays, or electron beams, thereby initiating the polymerization reaction of the cationic curable compound. Because photocationic polymerization initiators act catalytically with light, they exhibit excellent storage stability and workability even when mixed with photocationic curable compounds. Examples of compounds that generate cationic species or Lewis acids upon irradiation with active energy rays include onium salts such as aromatic iodonium salts and aromatic sulfonium salts, aromatic diazonium salts, and iron-arene complexes.

[0170] The photocationic polymerization initiator may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among these, aromatic sulfonium salts are preferred because they have ultraviolet absorption properties even in the wavelength region around 300 nm, resulting in excellent curability and providing cured products with good mechanical strength and adhesive strength.

[0171] The content of the photocationic polymerization initiator in the curable composition for forming a diffusion-preventing layer is preferably 1 to 10 parts by mass, more preferably 2 to 8 parts by mass, per 100 parts by mass of the solid content of the curable compound. When the content of the photocationic polymerization initiator is within the above range, the cationic polymerizable compound can be sufficiently cured, and the resulting diffusion-preventing layer can be given high mechanical strength and adhesive strength.

[0172] A hybrid curable composition can also be created by adding a radical polymerizable compound to a cationic polymerization type curable composition in addition to the cationic polymerizable compound. By using a radical polymerizable compound in combination, it is expected that the hardness and mechanical strength of the diffusion prevention layer will be increased, and furthermore, it will become easier to adjust the viscosity and curing speed of the curable composition.

[0173] Radical polymerizable compounds, which are the main components of radical polymerization-type curable compositions, are compounds that undergo radical polymerization reactions and harden upon irradiation with active energy rays such as ultraviolet light, visible light, electron beams, and X-rays, or upon heating. Specifically, compounds having ethylenically unsaturated bonds can be mentioned. Examples of compounds having ethylenically unsaturated bonds include (meth)acrylic compounds having one or more (meth)acryloyl groups in the molecule, as well as vinyl compounds such as styrene, styrene sulfonic acid, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, and N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone. Among these, (meth)acrylic compounds are preferred as radical polymerizable compounds.

[0174] As the (meth)acrylic compound, the same as the (meth)acrylic compound exemplified as an active energy ray curable compound that can be used in a composition for forming a low-reflectance layer can be used. The (meth)acrylic compound may be used alone or in combination of two or more. In particular, when a polyfunctional (meth)acrylate compound is used, the crosslinking density of the diffusion-preventing layer can be adjusted by controlling the molecular weight between crosslinking points and the number of crosslinking points of the compound. More specifically, the smaller the molecular weight between crosslinking points, the higher the crosslinking density, and the more crosslinking points there are, the denser the crosslinking density becomes, thereby improving the shielding against dichroic dyes in the functional layer.

[0175] A urethane (meth)acrylate compound generally refers to a reaction product of an isocyanate compound, a polyol compound, and a (meth)acrylate compound, and is preferably a polyfunctional urethane (meth)acrylate compound having two or more (meth)acryloyloxy groups in its molecule. A polyfunctional urethane (meth)acrylate compound is advantageous from the viewpoint of improving the dichroic dye diffusion prevention function of the diffusion prevention layer because it can form a crosslinked structure, and it can also impart appropriate toughness. The number of functional groups in a polyfunctional urethane (meth)acrylate compound is preferably 2 to 5.

[0176] Examples of epoxy (meth)acrylate compounds include polyfunctional epoxy (meth)acrylates that can be obtained by the addition reaction of polyglycidyl ether and (meth)acrylic acid and have at least two (meth)acryloyloxy groups in the molecule. Examples of polyester (meth)acrylate compounds include compounds that have an ester bond and at least two (meth)acryloyl groups (typically (meth)acryloyloxy groups) in the molecule.

[0177] In one embodiment of the present invention, when the curable composition for forming a diffusion-preventing layer contains a radical polymerizable compound, it is preferable that the radical polymerizable compound contains a polyfunctional (meth)acrylate compound. In this case, the content of the polyfunctional (meth)acrylate compound is preferably 50 parts by mass or more, more preferably 60 parts by mass or more, even more preferably 70 parts by mass or more, preferably 100 parts by mass or less, more preferably 95 parts by mass or less, and even more preferably 90 parts by mass or less, based on 100 parts by mass of solid content of the curable composition.

[0178] Furthermore, in one embodiment of the present invention, if the curable composition for forming a diffusion-preventing layer contains a radical polymerizable compound, it is preferable that the radical polymerizable compound includes a polyfunctional (meth)acrylate compound and a polyfunctional urethane (meth)acrylate compound. In this case, it is preferable that the polyfunctional (meth)acrylate compound and the urethane (meth)acrylate compound are included in a ratio of preferably 95:5 to 50:50, more preferably 90:10 to 70:30 (polyfunctional (meth)acrylate compound: urethane (meth)acrylate compound, by mass ratio).

[0179] When a curable composition for forming a diffusion-blocking layer contains a radical polymerizable compound, it is preferable that it contains a photoradical polymerization initiator. A photoradical polymerization initiator initiates the polymerization reaction of a radical-curable compound by irradiation with active energy rays such as visible light, ultraviolet light, X-rays, or electron beams. One type of photoradical polymerization initiator may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.

[0180] Specific examples of photoradical polymerization initiators include acetophenone-based initiators such as acetophenone, 3-methylacetophenone, benzyldimethylketal, 1-(4-isopropylphenyl)-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropan-1-one, 2-[4-(methylthio)benzoyl]-2-(4-morpholinyl)propane, and 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropan-1-one; benzophenone-based initiators such as benzophenone, 4-chlorobenzophenone, and 4,4'-diaminobenzophenone; and 2,2-dimethoxy Alkylphenone initiators such as -1,2-diphenylethane-1-one and 1-hydroxycyclohexylphenyl-ketone; benzoin ether initiators such as benzoin propyl ether and benzoin ethyl ether; thioxanthone initiators such as 4-isopropylthioxanthone; acylphosphine oxide initiators such as bis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phenylphosphine oxide; and others such as xanthones, fluorenone, camphorquinone, benzaldehyde, and anthraquinone.

[0181] The content of the photoradical polymerization initiator in the curable composition for forming a diffusion-preventing layer is preferably 1 to 10 parts by mass, more preferably 2 to 8 parts by mass, per 100 parts by mass of the solid content of the curable compound. When the content of the photoradical polymerization initiator is within the above range, the polymerization initiation ability is sufficiently expressed, improving curability, while the residual photoradical polymerization initiator is less likely to remain, making it easier to suppress a decrease in visible light transmittance, etc.

[0182] In the present invention, the curable composition for forming a diffusion-preventing layer may contain an organic solvent to adjust the viscosity to suit the coating method used, for example, or it may be substantially solvent-free. "Substantially solvent-free" means that the possibility of unavoidable solvent contamination is not excluded.

[0183] Any solvent capable of dissolving the components constituting the diffusion-preventing layer is acceptable, and examples include solvents similar to those that can be used in compositions for forming a low-reflectance layer. These solvents may be used individually or in combination of two or more.

[0184] The type and content of the solvent are appropriately selected according to the type, content, shape, application method, and thickness of the diffusion-preventing layer of the components constituting the diffusion-preventing layer. When a solvent is included, the amount is preferably 3 to 1000 parts by mass, more preferably 5 to 100 parts by mass, and even more preferably 7 to 50 parts by mass, per 100 parts by mass of the solid content of the curable composition.

[0185] The curable composition for forming a diffusion-preventing layer may optionally contain additives such as cationic polymerization accelerators, photosensitizers, ion trapping agents, antioxidants, chain transfer agents, tackifiers, thermoplastic resins, fillers, flow regulators, plasticizers, defoamers, antistatic agents, and leveling agents.

[0186] For example, a diffusion-blocking layer can be obtained by coating a curable composition for forming a diffusion-blocking layer onto a surface to which the diffusion-blocking layer is to be formed, and then curing the composition by irradiating the coating with active energy rays. The method for applying the curable composition for forming a diffusion-blocking layer, the type of active energy rays used for curing, the light source, the irradiation conditions, etc., can be the same as those used for applying and curing compositions for forming low-reflection layers or functional layers.

[0187] The thickness of the diffusion-preventing layer is preferably 0.1 μm to 5 μm, more preferably 0.3 μm to 4 μm, and even more preferably 0.5 μm to 3 μm. Within this range, the diffusion of the dichroic dye in the functional layer to other layers can be effectively suppressed. If the diffusion-preventing layer is included on both sides of the functional layer, their thicknesses may be the same or different.

[0188] The configuration of the anti-diffusion layer laminated on the functional layer can be appropriately determined according to the composition of the functional layer, the composition of the layer adjacent to the anti-diffusion layer, the layer configuration of the laminate, and the like. In one embodiment of the present invention, it is preferable that at least one surface of the functional layer is provided with an anti-diffusion layer formed from a water-soluble polymer or an anti-diffusion layer formed from an active energy ray-curable resin. More preferably, an anti-diffusion layer formed from a water-soluble polymer is provided on one surface of the functional layer, and an anti-diffusion layer formed from an active energy ray-curable resin is provided on the other surface. The anti-diffusion layer formed from an active energy ray-curable resin is excellent in scratch resistance, so it is hardly damaged by roll conveyance and can maintain good orientation of the functional layer. Also, since it is excellent in solvent resistance, it is advantageous in that the choice of solvent types to be used is widened. On the other hand, the anti-diffusion layer formed from a water-soluble polymer can be coated and formed on the functional layer without dissolving the functional layer. Also, since the solvent is water, the drying temperature can be set low, which is advantageous in that the functional layer is hardly thermally deteriorated. By appropriately arranging these anti-diffusion layers according to the layer configuration of the laminate and the like, the above advantages can be fully utilized, leading to an improvement in the effects of the present invention.

[0189] For example, in one embodiment of the present invention, it is preferable that an anti-diffusion layer formed from a resin composition containing a water-soluble polymer is laminated on the surface of the functional layer on the side where the low-reflection film is laminated. Also, in another embodiment of the present invention, it is preferable that an anti-diffusion layer formed from a curable composition containing an active energy ray-curable resin is laminated on the surface of the functional layer on the side opposite to the side where the low-reflection film is laminated. Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, an anti-diffusion layer formed from a resin composition containing a water-soluble polymer is laminated on the surface of the functional layer on the side where the low-reflection film is laminated, and an anti-diffusion layer formed from a curable composition containing an active energy ray-curable resin is laminated on the surface of the functional layer on the side opposite to the side where the low-reflection film is laminated.

[0190] The laminate of the present invention is composed of a low-reflection film and a functional layer. In one embodiment of the present invention, when the laminate of the present invention is incorporated into a display device including an LED light source, it is preferable that the low-reflection film is laminated on the viewing side and the functional layer is laminated on the LED light source side. That is, in the display device, it is preferable that the low-reflection layer constituting the low-reflection film is laminated so as to be located on the viewing side of the functional layer. When the low-reflection film (low-reflection layer) is laminated on the viewing side and the functional layer is laminated on the LED light source side when incorporated into a display device including an LED light source, the low-reflection film (low-reflection layer) can effectively suppress or prevent the reflection of external light onto the display screen, and the functional layer can effectively absorb the light leaked from the strong light emission region to the light emission suppression region while ensuring sufficient luminance. As a result, an excellent effect of achieving both ensuring good luminance and reducing or preventing the occurrence of the halo phenomenon can be obtained. For example, when the low-reflection film includes a base material and a low-reflection layer, if the low-reflection film is laminated so as to be located on the viewing side of the functional layer when incorporated into a display device including an LED light source, it can be laminated in the order of the base material, the low-reflection layer, and the functional layer. However, usually, since it is easier to obtain the above effect when the low-reflection layer is located in the outer layer of the laminate (due to the relationship of the refractive index), it is more preferable to include the low-reflection layer, the base material, and the functional layer in this order. In one embodiment of the present invention, it is preferable that the low-reflection film includes an antifouling layer on the outermost surface on the side opposite to the side where the functional layer of the low-reflection film is laminated. In this case, the laminate of the present invention preferably includes the antifouling layer, the low-reflection film, and the functional layer in this order, more preferably includes the antifouling layer, the low-reflection layer, the base material, and the functional layer in this order, and it is preferable that the outermost layer of the laminate on the viewing side when incorporated into a display device including an LED light source is the antifouling layer.

[0191] Specific layer configurations of the laminate of the present invention include, for example, the following configurations. The following configurations are described starting from the layer on the viewing side when incorporated into a display device including an LED light source. Low-reflection layer / functional layer, Low-reflection layer / adhesive layer / functional layer, Low-reflection layer / adhesive layer / anti-diffusion layer / functional layer / anti-diffusion layer, Low-reflection layer / hard coat layer / adhesive layer / diffusion prevention layer / functional layer / diffusion prevention layer, Low-reflection layer / hard coat layer / adhesive layer / diffusion prevention layer / functional layer / diffusion prevention layer / adhesive layer / diffusion prevention layer / functional layer / diffusion prevention layer, Low reflection layer / base material / functional layer, Low reflection layer / base material / adhesive layer / functional layer, Low-reflection layer / Substrate / Diffusion prevention layer / Functional layer / Diffusion prevention layer, Low-reflection layer / Substrate / Adhesive layer / Diffusion prevention layer / Functional layer / Diffusion prevention layer, Low-reflection layer / Hard coat layer / Substrate / Functional layer Low reflection layer / hard coat layer / base material / adhesive layer / functional layer, Low-reflection layer / hard coat layer / substrate / diffusion prevention layer / functional layer / diffusion prevention layer, Low-reflection layer / hard coat layer / substrate / diffusion prevention layer / functional layer / diffusion prevention layer / functional layer / diffusion prevention layer, Low-reflection layer / hard coat layer / substrate / adhesive layer / diffusion prevention layer / functional layer / diffusion prevention layer, Low-reflection layer / hard coat layer / substrate / adhesive layer / diffusion prevention layer / functional layer / diffusion prevention layer / adhesive layer / diffusion prevention layer / functional layer / diffusion prevention layer, Low-reflection layer / hard coat layer / substrate / adhesive layer / diffusion prevention layer / functional layer / diffusion prevention layer / adhesive layer / diffusion prevention layer / functional layer / diffusion prevention layer / adhesive layer / diffusion prevention layer / functional layer / diffusion prevention layer, and A layer configuration in which the anti-fouling layer is included on the most visible side of the layer configuration exemplified above.

[0192] The low-reflection film and the functional layer, or, if included, each layer such as a diffusion-blocking layer laminated on one or both sides of the functional layer, may be bonded together, for example, via an adhesive layer. Alternatively, a functional layer formed on the low-reflection film, for example, via or without a diffusion-blocking layer or an alignment film, may be laminated.

[0193] In the present invention, the adhesive layer disposed between the low-reflection film and each layer such as the functional layer is a layer formed from an adhesive. The adhesive layer can be formed from a known adhesive as long as it can function as a layer for bonding the layers to be bonded. The adhesive is not particularly limited, and conventionally known adhesives and adhesives can be used without particular restriction. Examples of adhesives include adhesives having a base polymer such as acrylic, rubber, urethane, silicone, or polyvinyl ether. Energy ray curing adhesives, thermosetting adhesives, etc. Examples of adhesives include active energy ray curing adhesives, water-based adhesives, organic solvent-based adhesives, and solvent-free adhesives. In one embodiment of the present invention, the adhesive layer is formed from an adhesive.

[0194] The thickness of the adhesive layer is typically around 0.01 to 50 μm, preferably 0.03 to 30 μm.

[0195] The luminous mean reflectance of the laminate of the present invention is preferably 0.01% or more and 1% or less. When the luminous mean reflectance of the entire laminate is within the above range, the laminate has sufficient external light reflection prevention function. From the viewpoint of higher external light reflection prevention function, the luminous mean reflectance of the laminate is preferably 0.05% or more, more preferably 0.1% or more, and also preferably 0.6% or less, more preferably 0.5% or less, even more preferably 0.45% or less, and particularly preferably 0.42% or less. The luminous mean reflectance can be calculated from the reflection spectrum obtained by shining light obliquely onto the laminate using a spectrophotometer, according to the method described in JIS Z 8722. In detail, it can be measured by the method described in the examples below. The laminate used for measuring the luminous mean reflectance here refers to the laminate structure incorporated into a display device including an LED light source. That is, in the above layer configuration, for example, "low-reflection layer / hard coat layer / substrate / adhesive layer (2) / diffusion prevention layer / functional layer / diffusion prevention layer (1)", it refers to the layer from the low-reflection layer located on the viewing side when incorporated into a display device to the diffusion prevention layer (1) located on the panel side including the LED light source, and does not include the adhesive layer used to bond the laminate to the panel. The same applies to the total light transmittance of the laminate described below.

[0196] The luminous mean reflectance of the laminate can be controlled within the aforementioned range by the configuration of the low-reflection film, for example, the composition and thickness of the low-reflection layer, the layer configuration of the laminate (for example, the stacking order of each layer constituting the laminate), etc.

[0197] The total light transmittance of the laminate is preferably 75% or higher. A total light transmittance of 75% or higher results in a laminate with high transparency, allowing sufficient light to enter the display device when incorporated, and exhibiting excellent optical properties. The total light transmittance of the laminate is preferably 80% or higher, more preferably 82% or higher. There is no particular upper limit to the total light transmittance, but it is 100% or less. The total light transmittance can be measured, for example, according to the method described in JIS K 7361. Specifically, it can be measured by the method described in the examples below.

[0198] The total light transmittance of the laminate can be controlled within the aforementioned range by the configuration of the low-reflection film, for example, the composition and thickness of the low-reflection layer, and the layer configuration of the laminate, for example, the stacking order of each layer constituting the laminate.

[0199] The laminate of the present invention can achieve both good brightness and suppression of the halo effect in a display device capable of local dimming, and is therefore suitable for use in such a display device. Accordingly, the present invention also covers the laminate of the present invention for use in a display device capable of local dimming, and also covers a display device including the laminate of the present invention and an LED light source. A display device capable of local dimming refers to a display device that divides the LED backlight into multiple areas and controls the illumination of the LEDs in each area according to the video signal of that area.

[0200] A display device including an LED light source generally comprises an LED light source, a color conversion sheet, and a liquid crystal panel in that order. The LED light source generally includes multiple pixels (Pix), and each pixel typically has three pixels: a first pixel (R), a second pixel (G), and a third pixel (B). The first pixel (R) displays the primary color red as the first color, the second pixel (G) displays the primary color green as the second color, and the third pixel (B) displays the primary color blue as the third color. Note that the first, second, and third colors are not limited to red, green, and blue, respectively, but can be any color, such as a complementary color. Each pixel has a light-emitting element and an anode electrode (first electrode). The display device displays an image by emitting different light (for example, red, green, and blue light) from each of the light-emitting elements R, G, and B in the first pixel R, second pixel G, and third pixel B.

[0201] The light-emitting element is an LED chip having a size of several micrometers to approximately 300 micrometers in a planar view. Generally, elements with a chip size of 100 micrometers or more are called mini-LEDs, and elements with a size of several micrometers or more but less than 100 micrometers are called micro-LEDs. LEDs of any size can be used in the display device of this invention. Note that the "micro" in micro-LED does not limit the size of the light-emitting element. The LED pitch (distance between LED elements) in mini-LEDs is typically 10mm or less, and the LED pitch in micro-LEDs is typically 3mm or less. Furthermore, the local dimming area (the area of ​​each region of the LED backlight divided into multiple sections for local dimming) in mini-LED display devices is typically 3-5mm. 2 This is possible, and the local dimming area in microLED displays is typically 1-2 mm². 2 It is possible.

[0202] When an LED light source is used as a backlight, local dimming is possible, which further reduces the power consumption of the backlight and improves the contrast ratio of the display screen. However, when light emission is controlled by local dimming, a halo effect may occur. For such a display device capable of local dimming, by laminating the laminate of the present invention on the viewing side of the LED light source and color conversion sheet, it is possible to effectively absorb light that leaks from the high-luminescence region to the light emission suppression region, which causes the halo effect, while ensuring good brightness, and as a result, the halo effect can be suppressed. Furthermore, due to the performance of its anti-reflective film, the laminate of the present invention can suitably suppress external light reflection in the display device. Due to the inclusion of such a specific low-reflection film and a specific functional layer, the laminate of the present invention can achieve the effects of suppressing external light reflection and the halo effect while ensuring good brightness, even in display devices using mini-LEDs and micro-LEDs.

[0203] In the display device of the present invention, the LED light source, color conversion sheet, and liquid crystal panel are not particularly limited, and those commonly used in the art can be used. The laminate of the present invention and the LED light source, color conversion sheet, and liquid crystal panel can be bonded together, for example, via an adhesive layer. The adhesive layer is not particularly limited, and conventionally known adhesives and adhesives, such as those exemplified as those that can be used in the laminate of the present invention, can be used without particular restriction.

[0204] In one embodiment of the present invention, in the display device of the present invention, it is preferable that the low-reflection film in the laminate of the present invention is arranged on the viewing side rather than the functional layer. In this embodiment, the liquid crystal panel may be arranged on the viewing side rather than the laminate of the present invention, or may be arranged on the LED light source side rather than the laminate of the present invention. When the liquid crystal panel is arranged on the viewing side rather than the laminate of the present invention, it is preferable that the display device of the present invention includes a liquid crystal panel, a low-reflection film, a functional layer, a color conversion sheet, and an LED light source in this order. When the liquid crystal panel is arranged on the LED light source side rather than the laminate of the present invention, it is preferable that the display device of the present invention includes a low-reflection film, a functional layer, a liquid crystal panel, a color conversion sheet, and an LED light source in this order. From the viewpoint of suppressing a higher halo effect, it is more preferable that the liquid crystal panel is arranged on the LED light source side rather than the laminate of the present invention.

Examples

[0205] Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples, but the present invention is not limited by these examples. In the Examples and Comparative Examples, “%” and “parts” are “mass %” and “parts by mass” unless otherwise specified.

[0206] 1. Measurement methods for visual average reflectance, total light transmittance, and absorbance In the Examples and Comparative Examples, the visual average reflectance and total light transmittance of the low-reflection film and the laminate, and the absorbance of the functional layer were measured according to the following methods.

[0207] (1) Visual average reflectance The low-reflection films and laminates to be measured were bonded to black acrylic plates (Sumipex, Sumitomo Chemical) via a 25 μm pressure-sensitive adhesive (Lintec Corporation) to create evaluation samples. The low-reflection films were bonded to the black acrylic plate with the substrate side facing outwards, while the laminates were bonded to the black acrylic plate with the functional layer side facing outwards. A spectrophotometer (Konica Minolta, Inc. "CM-3700A") was used to measure the samples using a D65 light source, with light incident at an 8° angle to the normal direction, in specular reflection rejection mode (SCE mode). The luminous efficiency-corrected reflectance Y value, obtained from the reflection spectrum of the samples measured in SCE mode according to the method described in JIS Z 8722, was defined as the luminous average reflectance.

[0208] (2) Total light transmittance The total light transmittance of the low-reflection film and laminate being measured was determined using a haze meter (HZ-2; manufactured by Suga Test Instruments Co., Ltd.).

[0209] (3) Ax(z=50) / Ax The coated surface of the functional layer was bonded to a 4cm x 4cm x 0.7mm thick glass via a 25μm pressure-sensitive adhesive (Lintec Corporation), and the absorbance was measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer (Shimadzu Corporation "UV-2700i") to calculate Ax and Ax(z=50) at a wavelength of 550nm. The x-axis represents any direction within the plane of the functional layer, the y-axis represents the direction perpendicular to the x-axis within that plane, and the z-axis represents the thickness direction of the functional layer (see Figure 1). Both Ax and Ax(z=50) are absorbances at a wavelength of 550nm. Ax represents the absorbance of linearly polarized light vibrating in the x-axis direction, and Ax(z=50) represents the absorbance of linearly polarized light vibrating in the x-axis direction when the functional layer is rotated 50° around the y-axis as the axis of rotation. Furthermore, when measuring absorbance, the sample was placed in a UV-Vis spectrophotometer (Shimadzu Corporation's "UV-2700i"), corrected so that the absorbance at 800 nm was zero, and then Ax was measured. For Ax(z=50), the sample was placed in the same manner, rotated by 50°, corrected so that the absorbance at 800 nm was zero, and then Ax(z=50) was measured. Using the obtained Ax and Ax(z=50), Ax(z=50) / Ax was calculated for each functional layer.

[0210] 2. Fabrication of the laminate (1) Preparation of a composition for forming a functional layer The liquid crystalline compounds and dichroic dyes used to fabricate the functional layer are as follows:

[0211] ·Liquid crystal compounds A1, A2 Liquid crystalline compounds A1 and A2 were synthesized according to the method described in lub et al., Recl. Trav. Chim. Pays-Bas, 115, 321-328 (1996). Both liquid crystalline compounds A1 and A2 were liquid crystalline compounds exhibiting a smectic liquid crystal phase. The liquid crystal phase was evaluated by observing the texture using a polarizing microscope. The same procedure was followed for liquid crystal compounds B1 to B3. Liquid crystal compound A1: [ka] Liquid crystal compound A2: [ka]

[0212] Liquid crystalline compounds B1, B2, B3 Liquid crystalline compound B1 was synthesized according to the method described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 2021-143329, liquid crystalline compound B2 according to Japanese Patent Publication No. 2010-31223, and liquid crystalline compound B3 according to Japanese Patent Publication No. 2010-24438. Liquid crystalline compounds B1, B2, and B3 were all liquid crystalline compounds exhibiting a nematic liquid crystal phase. Liquid crystal compound B1: [ka] Liquid crystal compound B2: [ka] Liquid crystal compound B3: [ka]

[0213] The following dichroic dyes are those described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 2022-174723, and these were used. • Dichroic dye 1 (cyan dye 1): Has a maximum absorption peak in the range of 600-650 nm (measured in liquid crystalline compound and in chloroform, respectively). [ka] • Dichroic dye 2 (cyan dye 2): Has a maximum absorption peak in the range of 600-650 nm (measured in liquid crystalline compound and in chloroform, respectively). [ka] • Dichroic dye 3 (magenta dye): Has a maximum absorption peak in the range of 500-550 nm (measured in liquid crystalline compound and in chloroform, respectively). [ka] • Dichroic dye 4 (yellow dye 1): Has a maximum absorption peak in the range of 440-490 nm (measured in liquid crystalline compound and in chloroform, respectively). [ka] • Dichroic dye 5 (yellow dye 2): Has a maximum absorption peak in the range of 380-430 nm (measured in liquid crystalline compound and in chloroform, respectively). [ka]

[0214] Compositions 1 to 5 for forming the functional layer were prepared according to the following compositions. (i) Composition 1 for forming functional layer Composition 1 for forming a functional layer was obtained by stirring the following components at 80°C for 2 hours. Liquid crystal compound A1 75 parts Liquid crystal compound A2 25 parts Dichroic pigment 1 1.5 parts Dichroic pigment 2 0.8 parts Dichroic pigment 3 2.2 parts Dichroic pigment 4 2.5 parts Dichroic pigment 5 1.7 parts Polymerization initiator: 2-dimethylamino-2-benzyl-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)butan-1-one (Irgacure 369; manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals) 6 parts Leveling agent: F-556 (Megafac F-556, manufactured by DIC Corporation) 1 part Crosslinking agent: Dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate (A-DPH, manufactured by Shin-Nakamura Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) 2 parts Solvent: o-xylene 650 parts

[0215] (ii) Composition 2 for forming functional layer Composition 2 for forming a functional layer was obtained by stirring the following components at 80°C for 2 hours. Liquid crystal compound A1 75 parts Liquid crystal compound A2 25 parts Dichroic pigment 1 2.25 parts Dichroic pigment 2 1.2 parts Dichroic pigment 3 3.3 parts Dichroic dye 4 3.75 parts Dichroic dye 5 2.55 parts Polymerization initiator: 2-dimethylamino-2-benzyl-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)butan-1-one (Irgacure 369; manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals) 1 part Leveling agent: F-556 (Megafac F-556, manufactured by DIC Corporation) 1 part Crosslinking agent: Dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate (A-DPH, manufactured by Shin-Nakamura Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) 2 parts Solvent: o-xylene 650 parts

[0216] (iii) Composition 3 for forming functional layer Composition 3 for forming a functional layer was obtained by stirring the following components at 80°C for 2 hours. Liquid crystal compound A1 75 parts Liquid crystal compound A2 25 parts Dichroic pigment 1 3.0 parts Dichroic pigment 2 1.6 parts Dichroic pigment 3 4.4 parts Dichroic pigment 4 5.0 parts Dichroic pigment 5 3.4 parts Polymerization initiator: 2-dimethylamino-2-benzyl-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)butan-1-one (Irgacure 369; manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals) 1 part Leveling agent: F-556 (Megafac F-556, manufactured by DIC Corporation) 1 part Crosslinking agent: Dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate (A-DPH, manufactured by Shin-Nakamura Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) 2 parts Solvent: o-xylene 650 parts

[0217] (iv) Composition 4 for forming functional layer Composition 4 for forming a functional layer was obtained by stirring the following components at 60°C for 2 hours. Liquid crystal compound B1 80 parts Liquid crystal compound B2 13 parts Liquid crystalline compound B3 7 parts Dichroic pigment 1 1.5 parts Dichroic pigment 2 0.8 parts Dichroic pigment 3 2.2 parts Dichroic pigment 4 2.5 parts Dichroic pigment 5 1.7 parts Polymerization initiator: 2-dimethylamino-2-benzyl-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)butan-1-one (Irgacure 369, manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals) 1 part Polymerization initiator: OXE03 (Irgacure OXE03, manufactured by BASF Japan Ltd.) 4 parts Leveling agent: F-556 (Megafac F-556, manufactured by DIC Corporation) 1 part Crosslinking agent: Dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate (A-DPH, manufactured by Shin-Nakamura Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) 6 parts Antioxidant: Dibutylhydroxytoluene (BHT) 0.3 parts Solvent: N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone 260 parts Solvent: Cyclopentanone 390 parts

[0218] (v) Composition for forming functional layer 5 By stirring the following components at 80°C for 2 hours, a functional layer-forming composition 5 was obtained. Liquid crystal compound A1 75 parts Liquid crystal compound A2 25 parts Dichroic dye 1 0.75 parts Dichroic pigment 2 0.4 parts Dichroic pigment 3 1.1 parts Dichroic dye 4 1.25 parts Dichroic dye 5 0.85 part Polymerization initiator: 2-dimethylamino-2-benzyl-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)butan-1-one (Irgacure 369; manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals) 1 part Leveling agent: F-556 (Megafac F-556, manufactured by DIC Corporation) 1 part Crosslinking agent: Dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate (A-DPH, manufactured by Shin-Nakamura Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) 2 parts Solvent: o-xylene 650 parts

[0219] Curable compositions for forming a diffusion-blocking layer were prepared according to the following compositions. (i) Curable composition for forming the first diffusion prevention layer (X) By stirring the following components at room temperature, a curable composition (X) for forming the first diffusion-preventing layer was obtained. Acrylate composition: Dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate 50 parts Urethane acrylate compound: Urethane acrylate (manufactured by Daicel Ornex Co., Ltd., "Ebecryl 4858") 50 copies Radical polymerization initiator: 2-[4-(methylthio)benzoyl]-2-(4-morpholinyl)propane (BASF, "Irgacure 907") 3 parts Solvent: Methyl ethyl ketone 10 parts

[0220] (ii) Curable composition for forming a second diffusion prevention layer (Y) By stirring the following components at room temperature, a curable composition (Y) for forming a second diffusion-preventing layer was obtained. Polyvinyl alcohol (Z-200, manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation) 3.8 parts Water 100 parts

[0221] (2) Preparation of low-reflection film (i) Preparation of a composition for forming a low-reflectance layer The following components were mixed to obtain a composition for forming a low-reflectance layer. Low refractive index silica nanoparticles (average particle size 30 nm) 2.4 parts Ionizing radiation-curing material: Dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate (DPHA) 1.6 parts Silicone-based material: TSF44 (manufactured by Toshiba GE Silicone Co., Ltd.) 0.2 parts Photopolymerization initiator: Irgacure 184 (manufactured by Ciba Japan) 0.2 parts Solvent: Isopropyl alcohol (boiling point 82.4°C) 72.2 parts, methyl isobutyl ketone 13.8 parts

[0222] (ii) Preparation of compositions for forming a hard coat layer The following components were mixed to obtain a composition for forming a hard coat layer. Shikou UV-7605B (manufactured by Nippon Gosei Kagaku Co., Ltd.) 100 copies Irgacure 184 (manufactured by Ciba-Geigy) 4 parts Methyl acetate 50 parts 2-Butanone 50 copies

[0223] (iii) Preparation of low-reflection film 1 A 40 μm thick triacetylcellulose film (KC4UY-TAC, manufactured by Konica Minolta) was prepared as the substrate. The hard coat layer forming composition prepared above was applied to the substrate. After drying, ultraviolet irradiation was performed to form a hard coat layer with a thickness of 10 μm. Next, the low-reflection layer forming composition prepared above was applied to the hard coat layer to form a coating film, and then dried in an oven at 80°C. After drying, the integrated light intensity was measured using an ultraviolet irradiation device at 384 mJ / cm². 2The film was cured to form a low-reflection layer with a thickness of 125 nm. This resulted in the creation of a low-reflection film 1 having a hard coat layer and a low-reflection layer on one side of a triacetylcellulose film (substrate).

[0224] (iv) Luminous mean reflectance and total light transmittance of low-reflection film The luminous mean reflectance and total light transmittance of the low-reflection film 1 were measured according to the measurement method described above. The luminous mean reflectance of the low-reflection film 1 was 0.45%, and the total light transmittance was 96.3%.

[0225] (3) Fabrication of functional layers 1 to 8 with diffusion prevention layer (i) Functional layer with diffusion prevention layer 1 After corona treatment was applied to the release-treated surface of a polyethylene terephthalate film (SP-PLR382050, manufactured by Lintec Corporation) (release film), the curable composition (X) for forming the first diffusion prevention layer was applied by bar coating. Then, using a UV irradiation device (SPOT CURE SP-7; manufactured by Ushio Inc.), an exposure dose of 500 mJ / cm² was applied. 2 By irradiating a coating of a curable composition (X) for forming the first diffusion prevention layer with ultraviolet light (based on 365 nm), a release film with a diffusion prevention layer was obtained in which the first diffusion prevention layer was formed on the surface of the release film. The thickness of the obtained first diffusion prevention layer was measured using a laser microscope (OLS3000, manufactured by Olympus Corporation) and was found to be 2.0 μm.

[0226] After applying the functional layer-forming composition 1 to the surface of the first diffusion-preventing layer of the release film with the diffusion-preventing layer using a bar coater, it was dried in a drying oven set to 90°C for 1 minute. Then, ultraviolet light was irradiated using a high-pressure mercury lamp (UniCure VB-15201BY-A, manufactured by Ushio Inc.) (under a nitrogen atmosphere, wavelength: 365 nm, integrated light intensity at wavelength 365 nm: 500 mJ / cm²). 2By doing so, a functional layer 1 was formed, and a laminate consisting of a release film / first diffusion prevention layer / functional layer 1 was obtained. The thickness of the obtained functional layer 1 was measured using a laser microscope (OLS3000, Olympus Corporation) and was found to be 1.2 μm. Furthermore, X-ray diffraction measurements were performed on the surface of the obtained functional layer 1 opposite to the first diffusion prevention layer using an X-ray diffractometer X'Pert PRO MPD (Spectris Corporation), and a sharp diffraction peak (Bragg peak) with a peak half-width (FWHM) of approximately 0.17° was obtained around 2θ = 20.2°. The order period (d) determined from the peak position was approximately 4.4 Å, confirming the formation of a structure that reflects a higher-order smectic liquid crystal phase. In addition, the three-dimensional absorbance of the functional layer was measured according to the measurement method described above.

[0227] Furthermore, after corona treatment was applied to the surface of the obtained functional layer 1 opposite to the first diffusion prevention layer, a curable composition (Y) for forming the second diffusion prevention layer was applied by bar coating and heated at 70°C for 3 minutes to form the second diffusion prevention layer. The thickness of the obtained second diffusion prevention layer was measured using a laser microscope (OLS3000, manufactured by Olympus Corporation) and was found to be 1.1 μm. Thus, a functional layer 1 with a diffusion prevention layer was obtained, consisting of a release film, a first diffusion prevention layer, functional layer 1, and a second diffusion prevention layer.

[0228] (ii) Functional layer with diffusion prevention layer 2 A functional layer with a diffusion-blocking layer 2 was obtained in the same manner as the functional layer with a diffusion-blocking layer 1, except that the functional layer 2 was formed using a functional layer-forming composition 2 instead of functional layer 1. The functional layer 2 consisted of a release film, a first diffusion-blocking layer, a functional layer 2, and a second diffusion-blocking layer. The thickness of the obtained functional layer 2 was measured using a laser microscope (OLS3000, Olympus Corporation) and was found to be 1.0 μm. Furthermore, when X-ray diffraction measurements were performed on the surface of the obtained functional layer 2 opposite to the first diffusion-blocking layer in the same manner as for functional layer 1, a Bragg peak was obtained, and it was confirmed from the order period (d) determined from the peak position that it formed a structure reflecting a higher-order smectic liquid crystal phase. In addition, the three-dimensional absorbance of the functional layer was measured according to the measurement method described above.

[0229] (iii) Functional layer with diffusion prevention layer 3 A functional layer with a diffusion-blocking layer was obtained in the same manner as the functional layer with a diffusion-blocking layer, except that the functional layer 3 was formed using the functional layer-forming composition 3 instead of the functional layer 1. The functional layer 3 consisted of a release film, a first diffusion-blocking layer, a functional layer 3, and a second diffusion-blocking layer. The thickness of the obtained functional layer 3 was measured using a laser microscope (OLS3000, Olympus Corporation) and was found to be 1.2 μm. Furthermore, when X-ray diffraction measurements were performed on the surface of the obtained functional layer 3 opposite to the first diffusion-blocking layer in the same manner as for the functional layer 1, a Bragg peak was obtained, and it was confirmed from the order period (d) determined from the peak position that it formed a structure reflecting a higher-order smectic liquid crystal phase. In addition, the three-dimensional absorbance of the functional layer was measured according to the measurement method described above.

[0230] (iv) Functional layer with diffusion prevention layer 4 Except for changing the bar coater used to apply the functional layer forming composition 1 in order to reduce the thickness of the functional layer, a functional layer 4 with a diffusion-blocking layer was obtained in the same manner as the functional layer 1 with a diffusion-blocking layer, consisting of a release film, a first diffusion-blocking layer, a functional layer 4, and a second diffusion-blocking layer. The thickness of the obtained functional layer 4 was measured using a laser microscope (OLS3000, manufactured by Olympus Corporation) and was found to be 0.7 μm. Furthermore, when X-ray diffraction measurements were performed on the surface of the obtained functional layer 4 opposite to the first diffusion-blocking layer in the same manner as for functional layer 1, a Bragg peak was obtained, and it was confirmed from the order period (d) determined from the peak position that it formed a structure reflecting a higher-order smectic liquid crystal phase. In addition, the three-dimensional absorbance of the functional layer was measured according to the measurement method described above.

[0231] (v) Functional layer with diffusion prevention layer 5 Except for changing the bar coater used to apply the functional layer forming composition 1 in order to increase the thickness of the functional layer, a functional layer 5 with a diffusion-blocking layer was obtained in the same manner as the functional layer 1 with a diffusion-blocking layer, consisting of a release film / first diffusion-blocking layer / functional layer 5 / second diffusion-blocking layer. The thickness of the obtained functional layer 5 was measured using a laser microscope (OLS3000, manufactured by Olympus Corporation) and was found to be 1.5 μm. Furthermore, when X-ray diffraction measurements were performed on the surface of the obtained functional layer 5 opposite to the first diffusion-blocking layer in the same manner as for functional layer 1, a Bragg peak was obtained, and it was confirmed from the order period (d) determined from the peak position that it formed a structure reflecting a higher-order smectic liquid crystal phase. In addition, the three-dimensional absorbance of the functional layer was measured according to the measurement method described above.

[0232] (vi) Functional layer with diffusion prevention layer 6 Except for changing the bar coater used to apply the functional layer forming composition 1 in order to further increase the thickness of the functional layer, a functional layer 6 with a diffusion-blocking layer was obtained in the same manner as the functional layer 1 with a diffusion-blocking layer, consisting of a release film / first diffusion-blocking layer / functional layer 6 / second diffusion-blocking layer. The thickness of the obtained functional layer 6 was measured using a laser microscope (OLS3000, manufactured by Olympus Corporation) and was found to be 1.8 μm. Furthermore, when X-ray diffraction measurements were performed on the surface of the obtained functional layer 6 opposite to the first diffusion-blocking layer in the same manner as for functional layer 1, a Bragg peak was obtained, and it was confirmed from the order period (d) determined from the peak position that it formed a structure reflecting a higher-order smectic liquid crystal phase. In addition, the three-dimensional absorbance of the functional layer was measured according to the measurement method described above.

[0233] (vii) Functional layer with diffusion prevention layer 7 After corona treatment was applied to the release-treated surface of a polyethylene terephthalate film (SP-PLR382050, manufactured by Lintec Corporation) (release film), the curable composition (X) for forming the first diffusion prevention layer was applied by bar coating. Then, using a UV irradiation device (SPOT CURE SP-7; manufactured by Ushio Inc.), an exposure dose of 500 mJ / cm² was applied. 2By irradiating a coating of a curable composition (X) for forming the first diffusion prevention layer with ultraviolet light (based on 365 nm), a release film with a diffusion prevention layer was obtained in which the first diffusion prevention layer was formed on the surface of the release film. The thickness of the obtained first diffusion prevention layer was measured using a laser microscope (OLS3000, manufactured by Olympus Corporation) and was found to be 2.0 μm.

[0234] After applying the functional layer-forming composition 4 to the surface of the first diffusion-preventing layer of the release film with the diffusion-preventing layer using a bar coater, it was dried in a drying oven set to 120°C for 1 minute. Then, ultraviolet light was irradiated using a high-pressure mercury lamp (UniCure VB-15201BY-A, manufactured by Ushio Inc.) (under a nitrogen atmosphere, wavelength: 365 nm, integrated light intensity at wavelength 365 nm: 500 mJ / cm²). 2 By doing so, a functional layer 7 was formed, and a laminate consisting of a release film / first diffusion prevention layer / functional layer 7 was obtained. The thickness of the obtained functional layer 7 was measured using a laser microscope (OLS3000, manufactured by Olympus Corporation) and was found to be 1.2 μm. Furthermore, when the obtained functional layer 7 was subjected to X-ray diffraction measurement in the same manner as functional layer 1, functional layer 7 did not show a Bragg peak in the X-ray diffraction measurement. In addition, the three-dimensional absorbance of the functional layer was measured according to the measurement method described above.

[0235] (vi) Functional layer with diffusion prevention layer 8 A functional layer 8 with a diffusion-blocking layer was obtained in the same manner as the functional layer 1 with a diffusion-blocking layer, except that the functional layer 8 was formed using functional layer formation composition 5 instead of functional layer formation composition 1, and the bar coater application speed was changed. The functional layer 8 consisted of a release film, a first diffusion-blocking layer, a functional layer 8, and a second diffusion-blocking layer. The thickness of the obtained functional layer 8 was measured using a laser microscope (OLS3000, Olympus Corporation) and found to be 0.3 μm. Furthermore, when X-ray diffraction measurements were performed on the surface of the obtained functional layer 8 opposite to the first diffusion-blocking layer in the same manner as for functional layer 1, a Bragg peak was obtained, and it was confirmed from the order period (d) determined from the peak position that it formed a structure reflecting a higher-order smectic liquid crystal phase. In addition, the three-dimensional absorbance of the functional layer was measured according to the measurement method described above.

[0236] [Example 1] (1) Fabrication of laminate 1 The substrate (TAC) side of the low-reflection film 1 and the second diffusion prevention layer of the functional layer 1 with a diffusion prevention layer, which consists of a release film, a first diffusion prevention layer, a functional layer 1, and a second diffusion prevention layer, were bonded together via a 25 μm pressure-sensitive adhesive (manufactured by Lintec Corporation). After that, the release film was removed to obtain a laminate 1 consisting of a low-reflection layer, a hard coat layer, a substrate (TAC), an adhesive layer, a second diffusion prevention layer, a functional layer 1, and a first diffusion prevention layer.

[0237] (2) Characterization of Laminate 1 An iPad Pro (2021 model) was reworked to obtain laminate A consisting of an LCD (liquid crystal display) panel, a color conversion sheet, and a mini-LED backlight. Next, the first diffusion prevention layer side of laminate 1 and the LCD panel side of laminate A were bonded together using a 25 μm pressure-sensitive adhesive (Lintec Corporation) to prepare an evaluation sample. (i) Halo suppression effect In the evaluation sample described above, a white circle with a diameter of 1 cm was displayed on a black background using a display device, and the halo around the white circle was observed from a distance of 50 cm from the display device. The results are shown in Table 1. (Evaluation criteria for halo suppression effect) AA: Halo not visible A: A very faint halo is visible. B: A halo is slightly visible. C: Halo is visible D: Halo is strongly visible. E: Halo is more visible.

[0238] (ii) Front brightness In the evaluation samples described above, the luminescence brightness in the white display state was visually confirmed under fluorescent lighting and evaluated according to the evaluation criteria below. The results are shown in Table 1. (Evaluation criteria for front brightness) A: Has sufficient brightness B: A slight decrease in brightness is observed. C: A decrease in brightness is observed. D: A significant decrease in brightness is observed.

[0239] [Examples 2-7] (1) Fabrication of laminates 2-7 Laminates 2 to 7 were obtained in the same manner, except that functional layers 2 to 7 with diffusion-blocking layers were used instead of functional layer 1 with diffusion-blocking layer, respectively, and each consisted of a low-reflection layer / hard coat layer / substrate (TAC) / adhesive layer / second diffusion-blocking layer / functional layers 2 to 7 / first diffusion-blocking layer.

[0240] (2) Characterization of laminates 2-7 For each of the laminates 2 to 7, the first diffusion prevention layer side and the LCD panel side of laminate A were bonded together using a 25 μm pressure-sensitive adhesive (Lintec Corporation) to prepare evaluation samples. The halo suppression effect and front brightness were evaluated in these evaluation samples using the same method as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0241] [Example 8] (1) Fabrication of the laminate 8 The substrate (TAC) side of the low-reflection film 1 and the second diffusion prevention layer of the functional layer 1 with a diffusion prevention layer, which consists of a release film / first diffusion prevention layer / functional layer 1 / second diffusion prevention layer, were bonded together via a 25 μm pressure-sensitive adhesive (manufactured by Lintec Corporation). After that, the release film was removed to obtain a laminate 1 consisting of a low-reflection layer / hard coat layer / substrate (TAC) / adhesive layer / second diffusion prevention layer / functional layer 1 / first diffusion prevention layer. Subsequently, the first diffusion prevention layer side of the above laminate 1 and the second diffusion prevention layer side of the functional layer 1 with a diffusion prevention layer, which consists of a release film / first diffusion prevention layer / functional layer 1 / second diffusion prevention layer, were bonded together via a 25 μm pressure-sensitive adhesive (manufactured by Lintec Corporation), and the release film was removed to obtain a laminate 8 in which the functional layer 1 was laminated twice. In other words, the laminate 8 consists of a low-reflection layer / hard coat layer / substrate (TAC) / adhesive layer / second diffusion prevention layer / functional layer 1 / first diffusion prevention layer / adhesive layer / second diffusion prevention layer / functional layer 1 / first diffusion prevention layer. The three-dimensional absorbance of the functional layer in laminate 8 was measured with the configuration of functional layer 1 / adhesive layer / functional layer 1 / adhesive layer / glass. The adhesive used here was a 25 μm pressure-sensitive adhesive (manufactured by Lintec Corporation). The measurement was performed in the same manner as the measurement method for the three-dimensional absorbance of each functional layer.

[0242] (2) Characterization of the laminate 8 An evaluation sample was prepared by bonding the first diffusion prevention layer side of laminate 8 and the LCD panel side of laminate A via a 25 μm pressure-sensitive adhesive (manufactured by Lintec Corporation). The halo suppression effect and front brightness were evaluated in this evaluation sample using the same method as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0243] [Example 9] (1) Fabrication of the laminate 9 Laminate 9 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 8, except that functional layer 1 was laminated three times instead of twice. Specifically, laminate 9 consists of a low-reflection layer / hard coat layer / substrate (TAC) / adhesive layer / second diffusion prevention layer / functional layer 1 / first diffusion prevention layer / adhesive layer / second diffusion prevention layer / functional layer 1 / first diffusion prevention layer / adhesive layer / second diffusion prevention layer / functional layer 1 / first diffusion prevention layer. The three-dimensional absorbance of the functional layers in laminate 9 was measured with the following configuration: functional layer 1 / adhesive layer / functional layer 1 / adhesive layer / functional layer 1 / adhesive layer / glass. The adhesive used was a 25 μm pressure-sensitive adhesive (manufactured by Lintec Corporation). The measurements were performed in the same manner as the measurement method for the three-dimensional absorbance of each functional layer.

[0244] (2) Characterization of the laminate 9 An evaluation sample was prepared by bonding the first diffusion prevention layer side of laminate 9 and the LCD panel side of laminate A via a 25 μm pressure-sensitive adhesive (manufactured by Lintec Corporation). The halo suppression effect and front brightness were evaluated in this evaluation sample using the same method as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0245] [Example 10] (1) Characterization of laminate 1 Similar to Example 1, an iPad Pro (2021 model) was reworked to obtain laminate A consisting of an LCD panel, a color conversion sheet, and a mini-LED backlight. Next, the LCD panel was peeled off laminate A to obtain laminate B consisting of the LCD panel and a color conversion sheet and a mini-LED backlight. Subsequently, the LCD panel, laminate 1, and laminate B were laminated in that order to prepare an evaluation sample. That is, the evaluation sample consisted of an LCD panel, an adhesive layer, laminate 1 (low-reflection layer, hard coat layer, substrate (TAC), adhesive layer, second diffusion prevention layer, functional layer 1, first diffusion prevention layer), an adhesive layer, and laminate B (color conversion sheet and mini-LED backlight). The adhesive used for bonding the LCD panel to laminate 1 and laminate 1 to laminate B was a 25 μm pressure-sensitive adhesive (manufactured by Lintec Corporation). The halo suppression effect and front brightness were evaluated in the evaluation sample using the same method as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0246] [Example 11] (1) Characterization of the laminate 8 An evaluation sample was prepared in the same manner as in Example 10, except that laminate 8 was used instead of laminate 1. The halo suppression effect and frontal brightness were evaluated in the evaluation sample using the same method as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0247] [Comparative Example 1] An evaluation sample consisting of a low-reflection layer / hard coat layer / substrate (TAC) / adhesive layer / laminated body A was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a low-reflection film 1 was used instead of laminate 1. The halo suppression effect and frontal brightness were evaluated in this evaluation sample using the same method as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0248] [Comparative Example 2] An evaluation sample consisting of a substrate (TAC), an adhesive layer, and a laminate A was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, except that a 40 μm thick triacetylcellulose film (KC4UY-TAC, manufactured by Konica Minolta) (substrate) was used instead of low-reflection film 1. The halo suppression effect and front brightness were evaluated in this evaluation sample using the same method as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0249] [Comparative Example 3] (1) Fabrication of the laminate 10 A laminate 10 consisting of a low-reflection layer / hard coat layer / substrate (TAC) / adhesive layer / second diffusion-blocking layer / functional layer 8 / first diffusion-blocking layer was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a functional layer 8 with a diffusion-blocking layer was used instead of functional layer 1 with a diffusion-blocking layer.

[0250] (2) Characterization of the laminate 10 An evaluation sample was prepared by bonding the first diffusion prevention layer side of laminate 10 and the LCD panel side of laminate A via a 25 μm pressure-sensitive adhesive (manufactured by Lintec Corporation). The halo suppression effect and front brightness were evaluated in this evaluation sample using the same method as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0251] [Comparative Example 4] (1) Fabrication of the laminate 11 Laminate 11 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 8, except that functional layer 1 was laminated four times instead of twice. That is, laminate 11 consists of a low-reflection layer / hard coat layer / substrate (TAC) / adhesive layer / second diffusion prevention layer / functional layer 1 / first diffusion prevention layer / adhesive layer / It consists of a second diffusion prevention layer, a functional layer 1, a first diffusion prevention layer, an adhesive layer, a second diffusion prevention layer, a functional layer 1, a first diffusion prevention layer, an adhesive layer, a second diffusion prevention layer, a functional layer 1, and a first diffusion prevention layer. The three-dimensional absorbance of the functional layers in the laminate 11 was measured in the configuration of functional layer 1 / adhesive layer / functional layer 1 / adhesive layer / functional layer 1 / adhesive layer / functional layer 1 / adhesive layer / glass. The adhesive used here was a 25 μm pressure-sensitive adhesive (manufactured by Lintec Corporation). The measurement was performed in the same manner as the measurement method for the three-dimensional absorbance of each functional layer.

[0252] (2) Characterization of the laminate 11 An evaluation sample was prepared by bonding the first diffusion prevention layer side of laminate 11 and the LCD panel side of laminate A via a 25 μm pressure-sensitive adhesive (manufactured by Lintec Corporation). The halo suppression effect and front brightness were evaluated in this evaluation sample using the same method as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0253] [Table 1]

Claims

1. A laminate comprising a low-reflection film and a functional layer, The aforementioned low-reflection film has a luminous mean reflectance of 0.05% or more and 5% or less, and a total light transmittance of 93% or more. The functional layer is a film hardened in which a liquid crystalline compound and a dichroic dye are oriented perpendicular to the layer plane, and the amount c (parts by mass) of the dichroic dye relative to 100 parts by mass of the liquid crystalline compound contained in the functional layer and the thickness t (μm) of the functional layer are given by the following formula (1): 5 ≤ c × t ≤ 40 (1) A laminate that satisfies the requirements.

2. The laminate according to claim 1, wherein the dichroic dye comprises a combination of at least one cyan dye, at least one magenta dye, and at least one yellow dye.

3. The laminate according to claim 1, wherein the low-reflection film comprises a low-reflection layer and a substrate.

4. The laminate according to claim 3, comprising a low-reflectance layer, a substrate, and a functional layer in that order.

5. When any direction within the plane of the functional layer is defined as the x-axis, the direction perpendicular to the x-axis within that plane is defined as the y-axis, and the thickness direction perpendicular to both the x-axis and y-axis is defined as the z-axis, the functional layer is given by the following equation (2): Ax (z=50) / Ax≧3.5 (2) [In the formula, Ax and Ax(z=50) are both absorbances at a wavelength of 550 nm, where Ax represents the absorbance of linearly polarized light vibrating in the x-axis direction, and Ax(z=50) represents the absorbance of linearly polarized light vibrating in the x-axis direction when the functional layer is rotated 50° around the y-axis as the axis of rotation.] A laminate according to claim 1 that satisfies the requirements.

6. The laminate according to claim 1, wherein the functional layer exhibits a Bragg peak in X-ray diffraction measurement.

7. The laminate according to claim 1, wherein the low-reflection film includes an anti-fouling layer on the outermost surface opposite to the side on which the functional layer of the low-reflection film is laminated.

8. The laminate according to claim 1, wherein the average luminous reflectance of the entire laminate is 0.01% or more and 1% or less, and the total light transmittance is 75% or more.

9. The laminate according to claim 1, for use in a display device capable of local dimming.

10. A display device comprising the laminate and LED light source according to claim 1.

11. The display device according to claim 10, wherein the low-reflection film is located on the viewing side of the functional layer.

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