Building materials

Abstract

We provide building materials with high aesthetic value. [Solution] The building material is a building material used in a building, wherein the height of the protruding ridge (Spk) on at least a part of the surface of the building material is 0.5 μm or more.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This disclosure relates to building materials used in buildings. [Background technology]

[0002] A wide variety of building materials are used in architecture. Some of these materials are used in areas that people hold or come into contact with, such as door handles, knobs, sliding door pulls, and handrails.

[0003] Many industries are working to add emotional value to products, and tactile sensation is one of the emotional values ​​that is considered important (see, for example, Patent Document 1). [Prior art documents] [Patent Documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2004-155883 [Overview of the project] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0005] The inventors recognized the challenge of imbuing building materials with sensory values ​​such as a sense of quality, cleanliness, and security, and thus conceived the technology disclosed herein.

[0006] This disclosure is made in view of these challenges, and its purpose is to provide building materials with high aesthetic value. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] To solve the above problems, a building material according to one embodiment of the present invention is a building material used in a building, wherein the height of the protruding peaks (Spk) on at least a part of the surface of the building material is 0.5 μm or more. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0008] [Figure 1] It is a diagram showing the appearance of a handle sample. [Figure 2] It is a diagram showing the measurement results of the surface characteristics of each sample and the presence or absence of the curved shape on the back surface. [Figure 3] It is a diagram showing the measurement results of the surface characteristics of each sample and the type of the material of the main body and the surface treatment. [Figure 4] It is a diagram showing the average value of the scores given by the subjects in sensory test 1. [Figure 5] It is a diagram showing the average value of the scores given by the subjects in sensory test 2. [Figure 6] It is a diagram schematically showing the shape of a building material. [Figure 7] It is a diagram showing an example of a handle according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Embodiments for Carrying Out the Invention

[0009] A technique for providing building materials with high sensory values such as high quality, cleanliness, and a sense of security will be described.

[0010] Values related to human sensibility are manifested by acting on human sensibility and obtaining its empathy, and thus can vary depending on the user's sensibility. In order to obtain empathy from more users, it is necessary to objectively evaluate the sensory value of building materials.

[0011] Building materials that people hold and use by hand, such as door handles, knobs, sliding door pulls, handrails, frames of openings such as windows, and building materials used in places where a part of the human body comes into contact, such as floors, walls, bathtubs, and toilet seats, are considered to be affected by the sensory value not only by their appearance but also by the physical characteristics of the surface that the human body contacts, such as roughness and smoothness characteristics, friction characteristics, thermal characteristics, and hard and soft characteristics. Therefore, the present inventors conducted a sensory test on a plurality of subjects in order to evaluate the sensibility of users towards building materials.

[0012] As examples of building materials, sensory tests were conducted to evaluate the user's perception of samples of front door handles and cremone handles. Figure 1(a) shows the appearance of a sample of a front door handle. A front door handle is a handle that the user grips and uses to open and close a front door. Figure 1(b) shows the appearance of a sample of a cremone handle. A cremone handle has a structure in which the lever and lock are integrated, and is used in soundproof doors, etc. The user can perform the action of gripping the cremone handle to open and close the door, and the action of rotating the cremone handle to lock and unlock the door, as a series of actions.

[0013] Some samples have a curved back surface where the pads of the second to fifth fingers make contact when the user grips the handle. Other samples have a flat back surface.

[0014] In sensory test 1, which focused on front door handles, subjects were asked to grasp a sample front door handle and perform the action of opening a door. After that, subjects were asked to rate the following items on a 7-point scale: "Strongly disagree (-3)", "Somewhat disagree (-2)", "Somewhat disagree (-1)", "Neither agree nor disagree (0)", "Somewhat agree (+1)", "Quite agree (+2)", and "Strongly agree (+3)". "A clean and neat appearance" "high-quality" "The feel of the steering wheel is good." "A sense of security" "well-crafted" "It looks like metal." "It blends well with the skin." "It feels good to hold." "Smooth and silky" "Moist" "Sticky" "Smooth" "Cool" "Smooth"

[0015] To evaluate the correlation between the surface characteristics of each sample and the subject's perception, the height of protruding peaks (Spk), peak density (Spd), static friction coefficient (μs), and dynamic friction coefficient (μk) of each sample's surface were measured. The height of protruding peaks (Spk) and peak density (Spd) are parameters defined by ISO 25178 Surface properties (surface roughness measurement) and were measured at 50x magnification using a Keyence VK-X100 laser microscope. The static and dynamic friction coefficients were measured at speeds of 10 mm / s, 20 mm / s, and 30 mm / s using a Trinity Labs TL201Tt multi-functional static and dynamic friction measuring instrument. Figure 2 shows the measurement results of the surface characteristics of each sample and the presence or absence of a curved surface on the back side.

[0016] In sensory evaluation test 2, which focused on cremone handles, subjects were asked to hold a sample of a cremone handle while it was concealed. They were then asked to rate the following items on a 7-point scale: "Strongly disagree (-3)", "Somewhat disagree (-2)", "Somewhat disagree (-1)", "Neither agree nor disagree (0)", "Somewhat agree (+1)", "Quite agree (+2)", and "Strongly agree (+3)". "It feels just right" "To feel relieved" "Not rough" "Smooth" "It feels heavy" "cold" "hard" "It feels cool." "Smooth" "Not moist" "It feels nice to the touch." "It has a sense of weight and substance." "It has a luxurious feel." "like" "It has a special feel to it."

[0017] To evaluate the correlation between the surface properties of each sample and the subject's perception, the maximum heat flux (q) of the contact cold sensation of each sample was measured. maxThe coefficient of dynamic friction (μk) was measured. Thermal properties were measured using a simple thermal sensation measuring instrument, ThermoLab, manufactured by Kato Tech Co., Ltd. Friction properties were measured using a friction tester, KES-SE, manufactured by Kato Tech Co., Ltd., to determine the coefficient of dynamic friction in the longitudinal and transverse directions. Figure 3 shows the measurement results of the surface properties of each sample, as well as the material and surface treatment of the main body.

[0018] Figure 4 shows the average scores given by subjects to the front door handle in Examples 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, Comparative Example 1-1, and Comparative Example 1-2 in Sensory Test 1.

[0019] The sample of Comparative Example 1-2, which has a flat back surface with right-angle corners, does not feel comfortable against the skin and lacks a refined feel, making it difficult for the user to perceive a sense of quality, cleanliness, and security. In contrast, the samples of Examples 1-1 to 1-3, which have a curved back surface, feel comfortable against the skin and give the user a refined feel, thus evoking a sense of quality, cleanliness, and security. Therefore, it is preferable for the surface of the building material that comes into contact with the hand when a person grips it to have a curved shape. By increasing the area of ​​the curved surface that comes into contact with the hand, it is possible to realize a building material that fits the hand better. The cross-section of the building material may be circular or elliptical. In the following evaluation, the subjects' ratings for the samples of Examples 1-1 to 1-3, which have a curved back surface, and Comparative Example 1-1 will be compared.

[0020] The sample of Comparative Example 1-1 where the height of the protruding mountain part (Spk) is 0.429 μm is not smooth and has a sticky touch, so it is difficult for users to recall a high-quality and clean feeling. Also, since there is no built-in feeling, it is difficult for users to recall a sense of security. In contrast, the samples of Examples 1-1 to 1-3 where the height of the protruding mountain part is 0.5 μm or more have a non-sticky and smooth touch and are skin-friendly, so they can make users recall a high-quality and clean feeling. Also, since they give users a built-in feeling, they can make users recall a sense of security. Therefore, the height of the protruding mountain part on the surface of the building material is preferably 0.5 μm or more. The height of the protruding mountain part on the surface of the building material may be 0.5 μm or more, 0.55 μm or more, 0.6 μm or more, 0.65 μm or more, 0.7 μm or more, 0.75 μm or more, 0.8 μm or more, 0.85 μm or more, 0.9 μm or more, 0.95 μm or more, 0.97 μm or more. The height of the protruding mountain part on the surface of the building material may be 10 μm or less, 9 μm or less, 8 μm or less, 7 μm or less, 6 μm or less, 5 μm or less, 4 μm or less, 3 μm or less, 2 μm or less, 1 μm or less.

[0021] The sample of Comparative Example 1-1 where the peak density of the mountain (Spd) is 651463.07 / mm 2 is not smooth and has a sticky touch, so it is difficult for users to recall a high-quality and clean feeling. Also, since there is no built-in feeling, it is difficult for users to recall a sense of security. In contrast, the samples of Examples 1-1 to 1-3 where the peak density of the mountain is 500000 / mm 2 or less have a non-sticky and smooth touch and are skin-friendly, so they can make users recall a high-quality and clean feeling. Also, since they give users a built-in feeling, they can make users recall a sense of security. Therefore, the peak density of the mountain on the surface of the building material is preferably 500000 / mm 2 or less. The peak density of the mountain on the surface of the building material is 500000 / mm 2 or less, 450000 / mm 2 or less, 400000 / mm 2 or less, 350000 / mm 2 or less, 300000 / mm 2Below, 250000 / mm 2 The following is also acceptable: The density of peaks on the surface of the building material is 10,000 / mm². 2 More than 20000 / mm 2 More than 30000 / mm 2 More than 40000 / mm 2 More than 50000 / mm 2 More than 60000 / mm 2 More than 70000 / mm 2 More than 80000 / mm 2 More than 90000 / mm 2 More than 100000 / mm 2 That's fine too.

[0022] The sample of Comparative Example 1-1, which has a static friction coefficient (μs) of 1.931, is not smooth and has a sticky texture, making it difficult for the user to perceive a sense of quality or cleanliness. Furthermore, it does not give the user a sense of security due to its lack of refined craftsmanship. In contrast, the samples of Examples 1-1 to 1-3, which have a static friction coefficient of 1.5 or less, are not sticky but have a smooth texture and are comfortable against the skin, thus evoking a sense of quality and cleanliness in the user. Furthermore, they give the user a sense of refined craftsmanship, thus evoking a sense of security in the user. Therefore, it is preferable that the static friction coefficient of the surface of the building material be 1.5 or less. The static friction coefficient of the surface of the building material may also be 1.5 or less, 1.4 or less, 1.3 or less, 1.2 or less, 1.1 or less, 1 or less, 0.9 or less, 0.8 or less, 0.7 or less, or 0.6 or less.

[0023] The sample of Comparative Example 1-1, with a dynamic friction coefficient (μk) of 0.709, is not smooth and has a sticky texture, making it difficult for the user to perceive a sense of quality or cleanliness. Furthermore, it does not give the user a sense of security due to its lack of refined craftsmanship. In contrast, the samples of Examples 1-1 to 1-3, with a dynamic friction coefficient of 0.5 or less, have a smooth, non-sticky texture and are comfortable against the skin, allowing the user to perceive a sense of quality and cleanliness. Furthermore, they give the user a sense of refined craftsmanship, thus instilling a sense of security in the user. Therefore, it is preferable that the dynamic friction coefficient of the surface of the building material be 0.5 or less. The dynamic friction coefficient of the surface of the building material may also be 0.5 or less, 0.45 or less, 0.4 or less, 0.35 or less, 0.3 or less, 0.25 or less, or 0.2 or less.

[0024] For building materials that are gripped and used by the user, such as front door handles, if the coefficient of dynamic friction is too low, it can give the impression of being too smooth and slippery, making it difficult for the user to feel secure. Therefore, it is preferable that the coefficient of dynamic friction of the surface of the building material be 0.12 or higher. The coefficient of dynamic friction of the surface of the building material may also be 0.12 or higher, 0.13 or higher, 0.14 or higher, 0.15 or higher, 0.16 or higher, 0.17 or higher, 0.18 or higher, 0.19 or higher, 0.2 or higher, 0.21 or higher, 0.22 or higher, 0.23 or higher, 0.24 or higher, or 0.25 or higher.

[0025] When handles are attached to heavy doors such as front doors or windows, the force required to grip the handle is greater. Therefore, it is preferable to reduce the static and dynamic friction coefficients as the object to which the handle is attached becomes heavier. This can evoke a sense of quality and cleanliness in the user. From another perspective, to prevent hands from slipping when opening and closing doors or windows, the static and dynamic friction coefficients may be increased as the object to which the handle is attached becomes heavier. This can evoke a sense of security in the user.

[0026] Thus, building materials in which the density of the peaks of the surface ridges and the height of the protruding ridges are set within a desirable range do not have excessively high static and dynamic friction coefficients, giving the user a smooth, non-sticky feel, and combining a sense of quality, cleanliness, and security.

[0027] By performing a factor analysis on the results of sensory test 2 targeting cremone handles, we can determine the relationship between the sensations recalled by the user and the maximum heat flux (q) of contact cooling. max ), and the following regression equation showing the correlation with the coefficient of kinetic friction (μk) was obtained. In sensory test 2, the sample was held by the subjects while it was hidden, so this result is applicable to any building material. (luxury) = -1.890 +0.496 × (sense of weight and substance) +0.227 × (pleasantness of touch) +0.232×(Sense of security) R 2 =0.713 (a sense of weight and substance) = -3.336 +4.416 × q max R 2 =0.412 (Pleasant to the touch) = -5.774 +4.516 × q max +17.125×μk R 2 =0.325 (Sense of security) = -4.467 +3.663 × q max +11.638 × μk R 2 =0.268

[0028] "Deep feeling" is the maximum heat flux (q max ) has a positive correlation with "pleasantness to the touch" and "sense of security," and the maximum heat flux (q) for contact cooling sensation is positively correlated with the maximum heat flux (q) for contact cooling sensation. max ) and the coefficient of dynamic friction (μk) have a positive correlation, so the maximum heat flux for contact cooling (q max), the larger the coefficient of dynamic friction (μk), the higher the "sense of solidity," "pleasantness to the touch," and "sense of security." Since "sense of luxury" is positively correlated with "sense of solidity," "pleasantness to the touch," and "sense of security," the higher the "sense of luxury," the more "sense of solidity," "pleasantness to the touch," and "sense of security" are. Therefore, the maximum heat flux for contact cooling (q max Furthermore, the larger the coefficient of kinetic friction (μk), the more likely it is to evoke a sense of luxury in the user. The term "substantial feel" is a sensibility that is closely related to a sense of high quality.

[0029] Figure 5 shows the average scores of the subjects' ratings for the cremone handle in Examples 2-1, 2-2, 2-3, and Comparative Examples 2-1, 2-2, and 2-3 in Sensory Test 2.

[0030] Contact cold sensitivity maximum heat flux (q max The samples in Comparative Examples 2-1 to 2-3, where the maximum heat flux for contact cooling is 0.4016 to 0.42, received low scores for "cold," "cool," "heavy," "reassuring," "pleasant to the touch," "substantial," and "luxurious," making it difficult for users to perceive a sense of quality, cleanliness, and security. In contrast, the samples in Examples 2-1 to 2-3, where the maximum heat flux for contact cooling is 0.85 or higher, received positive scores for all items, allowing users to perceive a sense of quality, cleanliness, and security. Therefore, it is preferable that the maximum heat flux for contact cooling on the surface of the building material be 0.85 or higher. The maximum contact cooling heat flux on the surface of the building material may be 0.45 or higher, 0.5 or higher, 0.55 or higher, 0.6 or higher, 0.65 or higher, 0.7 or higher, 0.75 or higher, 0.8 or higher, 85 or higher, 0.86 or higher, 0.87 or higher, 0.88 or higher, 0.89 or higher, 0.9 or higher, or 0.95 or higher.

[0031] For building materials installed outdoors, if the maximum heat flux for contact cooling is too high, it will give a cooling sensation even when winter temperatures are low, making it difficult for users to feel a sense of quality, cleanliness, and security. Therefore, the maximum heat flux for contact cooling on the surface of building materials may be 3 or less, 2.5 or less, 2 or less, 1.9 or less, 1.8 or less, 1.7 or less, 1.6 or less, 1.5 or less, 1.4 or less, 1.3 or less, 1.2 or less, 1.1 or less, or 1 or less.

[0032] The preferred numerical range for the coefficient of dynamic friction (μk) is as described in Sensory Test 1.

[0033] Thus, building materials in which the maximum heat flux for contact cooling and the coefficient of dynamic friction are set within a desirable range have a high degree of solidity, a sense of security, and a pleasant feel to the touch, thus possessing a sense of quality, cleanliness, and safety.

[0034] The main body of the building material is preferably composed of a material containing metal, as shown in Examples 2-1 to 2-3. The metal may be aluminum, zinc, stainless steel, etc. This allows the building material to give a cool sensation to the user who comes into contact with it, thus evoking a sense of quality, cleanliness, and security in the user.

[0035] The above surface properties only need to be realized on at least a portion of the surface of the building material. If the building material is used in a part of a building that is in contact with people, the above surface properties may be realized in the part that is in contact with people. If the building material is used by people gripping it, the above surface properties may be realized in the part that is in contact with the hand when a person grips it.

[0036] The above surface properties may be realized on the surface of the main body of the building material, or on the surface of a surface layer such as a coating applied to the surface of the main body of the building material. The surface layer may include multiple coating layers. In this case, the outermost coating layer may be formed of a transparent material having the above surface properties, and the coating layers below it may be formed of a material of any color. This makes it possible to realize building materials of any color having the above surface properties. The thickness of the outermost coating layer may be 15 μm or more and 70 μm or less. This can enhance the moist feel of the surface. The thickness of the outermost coating layer may be 10 μm or more, 15 μm or more, 20 μm or more, or 25 μm or more. The thickness of the outermost coating layer may be 70 μm or less, 65 μm or less, 60 μm or less, 55 μm or less, 50 μm or less, 45 μm or less, 40 μm or less, 35 μm or less, 30 μm or less, 25 μm or less, or 20 μm or less.

[0037] The surface of the building material may have irregularities. The height of the irregularities may be about 5 to 15 μm. This allows for the expression of a water-repellent effect through the lotus effect, thereby improving stain resistance. A water-repellent and oil-repellent coating may be applied to the surface of the building material. A water-repellent and oil-repellent agent may be incorporated into the surface of the building material. The water-repellent agent may contain any water-repellent compound. The water-repellent compound may be a silicone-based compound, a fluorine-based compound, etc. This improves the stain resistance of the building material, thereby evoking a sense of quality, cleanliness, and security in the user.

[0038] When building materials have a vertically or horizontally elongated shape, the shape of the cross-section can affect how comfortable they are to grip. As schematically shown in Figure 6(a), when the part that the user grips has a vertically elongated shape, it is preferable that the length in the depth direction of the cross-section of the part that the user grips is longer than the length in the horizontal direction, as viewed from the user. As schematically shown in Figure 6(b), when the part that the user grips has a horizontally elongated shape, it is preferable that the length in the depth direction of the cross-section of the part that the user grips is shorter than the length in the height direction (vertical direction), as viewed from the user. This makes it easier to grip, which can evoke a sense of quality, cleanliness, and security in the user.

[0039] Figures 7(a) and 7(b) show examples of handles according to embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 7(a) is a perspective view showing the external appearance of the handle. Figure 7(b) is a cross-sectional view taken in the direction of the arrow in Figure 7(a). The handle 1 comprises a bar 2 for the user to grip and a bracket 3 for attaching the bar 2 to a door or the like. The surface of the bar 2 has the characteristics described above. The back surface 5 of the bar 2 is composed of a curved surface that starts from a tangent line tilted at 15 degrees from the side surface 4. This makes it possible to create a handle 1 that is comfortable to grip without causing pain or discomfort even when the user grips it tightly. The bar 2 and the bracket 3 have a seamless shape that is connected flat without any steps. This makes it possible to create a handle 1 that is comfortable to touch without causing any snagging even if the user touches the area near the bracket 3. In this way, the handle 1 can evoke a sense of quality, cleanliness, and security in the user not only through the tactile feel of its surface but also through its shape.

[0040] In building material catalogs and other materials, surface treatments may be applied to allow users to perceive the texture of the building materials. This allows users to check the texture without actually touching the materials when selecting them.

[0041] The present disclosure has been described above based on embodiments, but embodiments merely illustrate the principles and applications of the present disclosure. Furthermore, many modifications and changes in configuration are possible in the embodiments, as long as they do not depart from the spirit of the present disclosure as defined in the claims.

[0042] Although the embodiments described primarily focus on handles, the technology of this disclosure is applicable to any building material used in a building. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0043] 1...Handlebar, 2...Bar, 3...Bracket, 4...Side, 5...Back.

Claims

1. Building materials used in buildings, The height (Spk) of the protruding ridges on at least a portion of the surface of the building material is 0.5 μm or more. Building materials.

2. The building material is used in the parts of the aforementioned building that people come into contact with, The height of the protruding ridge in the area that comes into contact with a person is 0.5 μm or more. The building material according to claim 1.

3. It is a building material that is held and used by people. The height of the protruding ridge at the part that comes into contact with the hand when a person grasps it is 0.5 μm or more. The building material according to claim 1.

4. The surface that a person's hand touches when they grasp it has a curved shape. The building material according to claim 3.

5. The part that a person grasps has a shape that is elongated in the vertical direction, and the length in the depth direction as seen from the person in the cross-section of the part that a person grasps is longer than the length in the horizontal direction. The building material according to claim 3.

6. The part that a person grasps has a horizontally elongated shape, and the length in the depth direction as seen from the person in the cross-section of the part that a person grasps is shorter than the length in the height direction. The building material according to claim 3.

7. The maximum heat flux (q) at contact with the surface of the building material, at least a portion of it. ｍａｘ ) is 0.85 W / cm² ２ That's all. The building material according to claim 1.

8. The main unit and A surface layer provided on the surface of the main body, Equipped with, The height of the protruding peaks on at least a portion of the surface of the aforementioned surface layer is 0.5 μm or more. The building material according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. The main body is made of a material including metal. The building material according to claim 8.

10. The surface layer includes multiple coating films. The building material according to claim 8.

11. The thickness of the outermost coating film is between 15 μm and 70 μm. The building material according to claim 10.

12. The peak density (Spd) on at least a portion of the surface of the building material is 500,000 / mm². ２ The following is The building material according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

13. The coefficient of static friction on at least a portion of the surface of the building material is 1.5 or less. The building material according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

14. The coefficient of dynamic friction on at least a portion of the surface of the building material is 0.12 or more and 0.5 or less. The building material according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

15. To evoke a sense of quality, cleanliness, or security in a person upon contact. The building material according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

16. A handle, knob, pull tab, handrail, or opening frame. The building material according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

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