Enhanced perovskite material for photovoltaic devices

Abstract

To provide a perovskite material with improved durability and efficiency. [Solution] The perovskite crystal lattice has the general formula CXMYXZ and a 1,4-diammonium butane cation disposed inside or on the surface of the perovskite crystal lattice, where X, Y, and Z are real numbers. C has one or more cations selected from the group consisting of Group 1 metals, Group 2 metals, ammonium, formamidinium, guanidinium, and ethenetetramine. M has one or more metals selected from the group consisting of BE, MG, CA, SR, BA, FE, CD, CO, NI, CU, AG, AU, HG, SN, GE, GA, PB, IN, TL, SB, BI, TI, Zn, CD, HG, ZR, and combinations thereof. X has one or more anions selected from the group consisting of halides, sulfides, selenides, and combinations thereof.

Claims

1. Perovskite material, C Ｘ M Ｙ X Ｚ A perovskite crystal lattice having the general formula, The alkylpolyammonium cation substituted within the perovskite crystal lattice, It has, Here, X, Y, and Z are real numbers. C has one or more cations selected from the group consisting of Group 1 metals, Group 2 metals, ammonium, formamidinium, guanidinium, and ethenetetramine. M has one or more metals selected from the group consisting of BE, MG, CA, SR, BA, FE, CD, CO, NI, CU, AG, AU, HG, SN, GE, GA, PB, IN, TL, SB, BI, TI, Zn, CD, HG, ZR, and combinations thereof. X is a perovskite material having one or more anions selected from the group consisting of halides, pseudohalides, chalcogenides, and combinations thereof.

2. The perovskite material according to claim 1, wherein the alkylpolyammonium cation comprises 1,4-diammoniumbutane, 1,8-diammoniumoctane, bis(4-aminobutyl)ammonium, or tris(4-aminobutyl)ammonium.

3. The perovskite material according to claim 1, wherein the alkylpolyammonium cation has a concentration between 1 MOL% and 20 MOL% in the perovskite material.

4. The perovskite material according to claim 1, wherein the alkylpolyammonium cation has a concentration between 1 MOL% and 5 MOL% in the perovskite material.

5. The perovskite material according to claim 1, wherein the alkylpolyammonium cation is present in the perovskite material at a concentration of about 5 MOL%.

6. The perovskite material according to claim 1, wherein C has formamidinium, M has lead, and X has iodide.

7. The perovskite material according to claim 6, wherein the crystal lattice of the perovskite material has a cubic structure.

8. The perovskite material according to claim 6, wherein the ammonium group of the alkylpolyammonium cation is substituted with a formamidinium ion in the perovskite crystal lattice.

9. Formamidinium lead iodide perovskite material, The alkylpolyammonium cation substituted within the perovskite crystal lattice of the formamidinium lead iodide perovskite material, A perovskite material having [a certain characteristic].

10. The perovskite material according to claim 9, wherein the alkylpolyammonium cation comprises 1,4-diammonium butane, 1,8-diammonium octane, bis(4-aminobutyl)amine, or tris(4-aminobutyl)amine.

11. The perovskite material according to claim 9, wherein the ammonium group of the alkylpolyammonium cation is substituted with a formamidinium ion in the formamidinium lead iodide perovskite material.

12. The perovskite material according to claim 9, wherein the alkylpolyammonium cation has a concentration between 1 MOL% and 20 MOL% in the perovskite material.

13. The perovskite material according to claim 9, wherein the alkylpolyammonium cation has a concentration between 1 MOL% and 5 MOL% in the perovskite material.

14. The perovskite material according to claim 9, wherein the alkylpolyammonium cation is present in the perovskite material at a concentration of about 5 MOL%.

15. The formamidinium lead iodide perovskite material has a cubic crystal structure, as described in claim 9.

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