Blasting support system, blasting support method, and blasting support program

Abstract

This invention provides a blasting support system, a blasting support method, and a blasting support program that enable the setting of blasting patterns according to the hardness of the ground, regardless of the skill level of the worker. [Solution] The support device 10 of the blasting support system 1 includes a control unit 11 that outputs a blasting pattern showing the arrangement of multiple blast holes at the tunnel face. The control unit 11 acquires the distribution of ground evaluation information according to the hardness of the ground at the tunnel face, and based on the correlation between the ground evaluation information and density information representing the number of blast holes required per unit area, it calculates the distribution of density information at the tunnel face from the distribution of ground evaluation information at the tunnel face, and outputs a blasting pattern in which multiple blast holes are arranged to satisfy the calculated distribution of density information.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a blasting support system, a blasting support method, and a blasting support program for creating a blasting pattern in mountain construction methods.

Background Art

[0002] In the excavation of mountain tunnels, the ground is excavated by blasting. When blasting, a plurality of blast holes for loading explosives are drilled in the face. In recent years, computer jumbos that automatically or semi-automatically drill holes along a blasting pattern showing a preset arrangement of blast holes have been spreading (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0003]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0004] When blasting, it is necessary to appropriately arrange a plurality of blast holes according to the hardness and softness of the ground. Conventionally, the blasting pattern has been set based on the experience of skilled workers. Therefore, a technique for setting a blasting pattern according to the hardness and softness of the ground without depending on the skill level of the workers is desired.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0005] A blasting support system that solves the above problems is a blasting support system comprising a control unit that outputs a blasting pattern showing the arrangement of multiple blast holes at the face, wherein the control unit acquires the distribution of ground evaluation information according to the hardness of the ground at the face, calculates the distribution of the density information at the face from the distribution of the ground evaluation information at the face based on the correlation between the ground evaluation information and density information representing the number of blast holes required per unit area, and outputs the blasting pattern in which the multiple blast holes are arranged to satisfy the calculated distribution of density information. [Effects of the Invention]

[0006] According to this disclosure, the blasting pattern can be set according to the hardness or softness of the ground, regardless of the worker's skill level. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0007] [Figure 1] Figure 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the blasting support system according to the first embodiment. [Figure 2] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram showing the hardware configuration of the embodiment. [Figure 3] Figure 3 is a flowchart showing the procedure for mountain construction. [Figure 4] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram showing the state of a tunnel where mountain tunneling methods are used. [Figure 5] Figure 5 is a graph showing the correlation between ground evaluation information and density information. [Figure 6] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the blasting pattern image created by the blasting support system. [Figure 7] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the surface irregularities of the mirror and the drilling start position in the blasting pattern. [Figure 8] Figure 8 is a flowchart showing the procedure for creating a blasting pattern. [Figure 9] Figure 9 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the blasting support system according to the second embodiment. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0008] (First Embodiment) The first embodiment of the blasting support system, blasting support method, and blasting support program will be described below with reference to Figures 1 to 8. The blasting support system outputs a blasting pattern that shows the arrangement of multiple blast holes in mountain construction.

[0009] As shown in Figure 1, the blasting support system 1 includes a support device 10. The support device 10 is configured to receive data from a drilling machine 20 and a 3D scanner 30. The drilling machine 20 is, for example, a computer jumbo that performs drilling automatically or semi-automatically. The drilling machine 20 includes a control device 20A for managing the drilling operation. The 3D scanner 30 is a distance measuring sensor that measures the distance from a reference position to each object located in the surrounding area as point cloud data. The 3D scanner 30 is, for example, a LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) scanner.

[0010] (Example hardware configuration) Figure 2 shows an example of the hardware configuration of an information processing device H10 that functions as a support device 10, etc. The information processing device H10 includes a communication device H11, an input device H12, a display device H13, a storage device H14, and a processor H15. The control device 20A of the drilling machine 20 and the 3D scanner 30 may also adopt the following example of hardware configuration. Note that this hardware configuration is just one example, and other hardware configurations may be used.

[0011] Communication device H11 is an interface for establishing a communication path to send and receive data between other devices. Communication device H11 can be, for example, a network interface or a wireless interface.

[0012] The input device H12 is a device that receives input from users, etc. The input device H12 is, for example, a mouse or keyboard. The display device H13 is a display that shows various kinds of information. The information processing device H10 may have a touch panel that serves as both the input device H12 and the display device H13.

[0013] The storage device H14 is a device that stores data and various programs for executing various functions of the support device 10. Examples of the storage device H14 include a ROM, a RAM, a hard disk, and the like.

[0014] The processor H15 controls each process in the information processing device H10 using the programs and data stored in the storage device H14. Examples of the processor H15 include, for example, a CPU, an MPU, and the like. This processor H15 executes various processes corresponding to various processes by expanding a program stored in a ROM or the like into a RAM.

[0015] The processor H15 is not limited to performing software processing for all processes it executes. For example, the processor H15 may include a dedicated hardware circuit (for example, an application-specific integrated circuit: ASIC) that performs hardware processing for at least a part of the processes it executes. That is, the processor H15 may be configured as follows.

[0016] [1] One or more processors that operate according to a computer program (software) [2] One or more dedicated hardware circuits that execute at least a part of various processes, or [3] A combination thereof, including circuitry The processor H15 includes a CPU and memories such as a RAM and a ROM. The memory stores program codes or instructions configured to cause the CPU to execute a process. The memory, that is, the computer-readable medium, includes any medium that can be accessed and used by a general-purpose or dedicated computer.

[0017] (Mountain construction method) Referring to FIGS. 3 and 4, the mountain construction method will be described. As shown in Figure 3, in mountain construction methods, a series of processes consisting of drilling (step S1), explosive charging and blasting (step S2), excavation (step S3), spraying and support installation (step S4), and rock bolt installation (step S5) are repeated as one cycle.

[0018] As shown in Figure 4, the drilling process is carried out inside the tunnel T1 using a drilling machine 20. The drilling machine 20 comprises a drilling unit 21, a boom 22, and a man gauge 23. The operation of each part of the drilling machine 20 is controlled by a control device 20A.

[0019] The drilling unit 21 has a drilling rod 21A. The drilling unit 21 is connected to the boom 22. The drilling unit 21 is configured to be positioned at any location within the tunnel T1 by the boom 22. The drilling unit 21 is also configured to perform various movements relative to the boom 22, such as luffing, slewing, and rolling. The man gauge 23 is configured to allow a worker to ride on it. The man gauge 23 is used by workers to perform work at height.

[0020] In the drilling process, multiple blast holes H1 are drilled into the ground using the drilling rod 21A of the drilling machine 20. The blast holes H1 start at the mirror surface CS1, which is the surface of the shotcrete C1 covering the tunnel face GS1, and reach the ground beyond the tunnel face GS1. In other words, in the drilling operation, the starting position of the drilling is the mirror surface CS1, and the ending position of the drilling is inside the ground beyond the tunnel face GS1.

[0021] The blasting pattern, which shows the arrangement of each blast hole H1, is set by the blasting support system 1 according to the hardness of the ground including the tunnel face GS1. Specifically, the blasting pattern is set so that the density of blast holes H1 increases in areas where the ground is harder in the tunnel face GS1, that is, so that the number of blast holes H1 per unit area increases.

[0022] Once the drilling of the blast holes H1 is complete, in the charging and blasting process, the charging agent is inserted into each blast hole H1, and then blasting is performed. Next, in the mowing process, the crushed rock (mould) is removed from tunnel T1. Next, in the spraying and support installation process, the new tunnel face GS1 and the surrounding inner tunnel surface TS1 are covered with sprayed concrete C1, and support structures are installed. After that, rock bolts are driven in. From here on, the tunnel T1 is excavated by repeating steps S1 to S5 on the new tunnel face GS1 covered with sprayed concrete C1.

[0023] The drilling machine 20 may also be equipped with a 3D scanner 30. The 3D scanner 30 acquires three-dimensional shape information of the mirror surface CS1 and three-dimensional shape information of the inner tunnel surface TS1 surrounding the face GS1. The three-dimensional shape information acquired by the 3D scanner 30 is point cloud data representing the distance from the reference position to the mirror surface CS1 and the inner tunnel surface TS1 surrounding it.

[0024] (Configuration of the support device 10 in the first embodiment) As shown in Figure 1, the support device 10 comprises a control unit 11, a storage unit 12, and an output unit 13.

[0025] The control unit 11 functions as a hardness distribution acquisition unit 11A, a density distribution acquisition unit 11B, and a blasting pattern creation unit 11C, etc., by executing a blasting support program. The hardness distribution acquisition unit 11A acquires the distribution of ground evaluation information corresponding to the hardness of the ground at the tunnel face GS1. For example, the ground evaluation information is a hardness parameter calculated based on the measured values ​​of drilling data acquired when the drilling machine 20 drills the tunnel face GS1 immediately preceding (one step prior to) the tunnel face GS1 that is the target of the blasting pattern creation.

[0026] In other words, the hardness parameter calculated based on the measured drilling data when drilling the first face GS1 is used as ground evaluation information for the subsequent second face GS1. The hardness distribution acquisition unit 11A acquires the distribution of ground evaluation information for the second face GS1 based on the measured drilling data when drilling each blast hole H1 in the first face GS1, and the coordinates of each blast hole H1 in the first face GS1.

[0027] One example of a hardness parameter used as ground evaluation information is the normalized drilling speed ratio, which is obtained by normalizing the drilling speed by the drilling machine 20 with the feed pressure of the drilling rod 21A in the drilling machine 20. The normalized drilling speed ratio is an index value that represents the magnitude of the drilling speed relative to the feed pressure. A large normalized drilling speed ratio means that the drilling speed is large relative to the feed pressure (i.e., the output of the drilling machine 20). Therefore, the normalized drilling speed ratio correlates with the hardness or softness of the ground. For example, the larger the normalized drilling speed ratio, the softer the ground is considered to be.

[0028] The feed pressure and drilling speed used to calculate the normalized drilling speed ratio are examples of drilling data acquired when the drilling machine 20 performs drilling. This drilling data is acquired by the control device 20A when drilling the blast hole H1. The acquired drilling data, along with the coordinates of the blast hole H1, is transmitted from the control device 20A to the support device 10.

[0029] The density distribution acquisition unit 11B calculates the distribution of density information, which represents the number of blast holes H1 required per unit area at the tunnel face GS1, from the distribution of ground evaluation information. Based on the correlation between ground evaluation information and density information, the density distribution acquisition unit 11B converts the distribution of ground evaluation information at the tunnel face GS1 into a distribution of density information.

[0030] The regression line 101 in Graph 100 shown in Figure 5 shows the correlation between the normalized drilling rate ratio, which is an example of a hardness parameter, and the number of blast holes required per unit area at the face GS1 (i.e., density information). The regression line 101 is obtained by linear regression on a data point set consisting of many data points plotted in past sites, where the normalized drilling rate ratio when blast holes H1 were drilled and the number of blast holes H1 per unit area at the face GS1 at that time were plotted.

[0031] The density distribution acquisition unit 11B can calculate the distribution of density information at the tunnel face GS1 from the distribution of normalized drilling rate ratios at the tunnel face GS1, using a regression equation representing the regression line 101. The regression equation representing the regression line 101 is an example of correlation information that shows the correlation between ground evaluation information and density information.

[0032] Returning to Figure 1, the blasting pattern creation unit 11C creates a blasting pattern in which multiple blast holes H1 are arranged in the tunnel face GS1, based on the density information distribution in the tunnel face GS1 calculated by the density distribution acquisition unit 11B.

[0033] Specifically, the blasting pattern creation unit 11C creates a blasting pattern in which multiple blast holes H1 are arranged on the tunnel face GS1 by setting the spacing between blast holes H1 so as to satisfy the density information in each part of the tunnel face GS1 and so as to minimize the total number of blast holes H1.

[0034] Furthermore, various information necessary for creating the blasting pattern, such as the design shape (design cross-section) of the working face GS1 and the design value of the insertion angle of the blast holes H1 located on the outermost periphery, is stored in the storage unit 12. The blasting pattern created by the blasting pattern creation unit 11C is output to the output unit 13 as an image, for example. The output unit 13 is a device capable of displaying images, such as a display.

[0035] Figure 6 shows a blasting pattern image 200, which is an example of the output format of a blasting pattern. The blasting pattern image 200 includes a hole arrangement object 210 and a table 220. However, the blasting pattern image 200 may also consist of only one of the hole arrangement object 210 and the table 220.

[0036] The hole arrangement object 210 includes a face object 211, a start point object 212, and an end point object 213. The face object 211 represents the external shape of the face GS1 when viewed from the front. The face object 211 may also show the hardness of the face GS1 in the form of a contour map based on the distribution of ground evaluation information.

[0037] The starting point object 212 indicates the position projected onto the face object 211 as the starting point for drilling the blast hole H1. The ending point object 213 indicates the position projected onto the face object 211 as the ending point for drilling the blast hole H1. In Figure 6, the starting point object 212 is shown as a black circle, and the ending point object 213 is shown as a white circle.

[0038] For example, if a corner is provided in the blast hole H1, the starting point object 212 and the ending point object 213 in the hole arrangement object 210 will be positioned at different locations. Also, if a corner is not provided in the blast hole H1, or if the corner is small, the starting point object 212 and the ending point object 213 in the hole arrangement object 210 will be positioned so that they overlap.

[0039] Table 220 includes text data indicating the coordinates of the drilling start position and the drilling end position for each of the multiple blast holes H1 created in the drilling process. The coordinates of the drilling start position and the drilling end position include coordinates for at least two axes: the vertical direction perpendicular to the depth direction (tunnel excavation direction) of the blast hole H1, and the horizontal direction. In other words, the coordinates in the depth direction of the blast hole H1 may be omitted.

[0040] Therefore, the blasting pattern image 200 is configured so that the arrangement of the blast holes H1 can be easily grasped intuitively by the hole arrangement object 210, while the details of the arrangement of the blast holes H1 can be grasped by the table 220.

[0041] Furthermore, the blasting pattern creation unit 11C may modify the blasting pattern based on the three-dimensional shape information of the mirror surface CS1 measured by the 3D scanner 30 and the three-dimensional shape information of the inner tunnel surface TS1 surrounding the face GS1.

[0042] The following describes an example of modifying the blasting pattern based on the three-dimensional shape information of the mirror surface CS1. First, the blasting pattern creation unit 11C calculates the uneven shape of the mirror surface CS1 based on the three-dimensional shape information of the mirror surface CS1 measured by the 3D scanner 30. For example, the blasting pattern creation unit 11C creates a mesh-like surface model from the point cloud data of the mirror surface CS1 and calculates the normal vector of each face of the surface model. The blasting pattern creation unit 11C evaluates the state of unevenness in each part of the mirror surface CS1 from the direction of the normal vectors of adjacent faces.

[0043] For example, in a surface model, the closer the normal vectors of the surrounding faces are to parallel at a vertex, the flatter the surrounding faces are. Also, if the normal vectors of the surrounding faces are moving away from each other at a vertex, it means that the vertex is a steep convex shape, and if the normal vectors of the surrounding faces are moving towards each other, it means that the vertex is a concave shape.

[0044] As shown in Figure 7, in the blasting pattern created by the blasting pattern creation unit 11C, if the drilling start position of the blast hole H1 is located on a convex part of the mirror surface CS1, the drilling rod 21A may slip, making it difficult to drill properly. Therefore, the blasting pattern creation unit 11C determines whether the coordinates of the drilling start position of the blast hole H1 are located on a convex part of the mirror surface CS1 based on the three-dimensional shape information of the mirror surface CS1. If the coordinates of the drilling start position of the blast hole H1 are located on a convex part of the mirror surface CS1, the blasting pattern creation unit 11C changes the coordinates of the drilling start position to a concave or flat part to avoid the convex part. By making such modifications, automatic or semi-automatic drilling by the drilling machine 20 can be performed stably.

[0045] For example, when modifying the position of the outermost blast hole H1 according to the unevenness, it is preferable to modify the drilling start position of the outermost blast hole H1 on a concentric circle with the semicircular shape of the face GS1. Furthermore, in order to prevent the position of the explosive charge from changing significantly within the ground, it is preferable not to change the drilling end position. In Figure 7, the drilling start position before modification is shown as point P1, the drilling start position after modification is shown as point P2, and the drilling end position is shown as point P3.

[0046] The following describes an example of modifying the blasting pattern based on the three-dimensional shape information of the inner tunnel surface TS1 surrounding the face GS1. First, the blasting pattern creation unit 11C calculates the amount of over-excavation in the outer periphery direction of the tunnel T1 by comparing the three-dimensional shape information of the inner tunnel surface TS1 surrounding the face GS1, measured by the 3D scanner 30, with the design cross-section.

[0047] For example, if the amount of over-excavation exceeds a threshold, the drilling end position is adjusted toward the center of the tunnel face GS1 so as to reduce the angle of insertion of the blast hole H1 located on the outermost perimeter. Alternatively, the drilling start and end positions of the blast hole H1 located on the outermost perimeter may be shifted parallel toward the center of the tunnel face GS1. In other words, if the amount of over-excavation is large, at least the drilling end position of the blast hole H1 located on the outermost perimeter is adjusted toward the center of the tunnel face GS1. The distance the drilling end position is moved may be adjusted according to the amount of over-excavation, for example, using a function with the amount of over-excavation as a variable. By making such adjustments, a blasting pattern that suppresses excessive over-excavation can be output.

[0048] Returning to Figure 1, the memory unit 12 comprises a correlation information memory unit 12A, a blasting pattern memory unit 12B, a three-dimensional shape information memory unit 12C, and a hardness parameter memory unit 12D. The correlation information storage unit 12A stores correlation information representing the correlation between ground evaluation information and density information. The blasting pattern storage unit 12B stores the blasting pattern created by the blasting pattern creation unit 11C. The 3D shape information storage unit 12C stores the 3D shape information of the mirror surface CS1 measured by the 3D scanner 30 and the 3D shape information of the inner circumferential surface TS1 of the tunnel surrounding the face GS1. The hardness parameter storage unit 12D stores the hardness parameter calculated based on the drilling data acquired when drilling the blast hole H1, along with the coordinates of the blast hole H1.

[0049] (Blasting pattern creation process in the first embodiment) Referring to Figure 8, the blasting pattern creation process by the control unit 11 of the support device 10 will be explained.

[0050] First, the hardness distribution acquisition unit 11A acquires the distribution of ground evaluation information at the tunnel face GS1 for which the blasting pattern is to be created (step S11). Specifically, the hardness distribution acquisition unit 11A acquires the distribution of hardness parameters for the tunnel face GS1 immediately preceding the tunnel face GS1 for which the blasting pattern is to be created from the hardness parameter storage unit 12D. In the first embodiment, the hardness distribution acquisition unit 11A acquires the distribution of normalized drilling rate ratios calculated based on the drilling rate and feed pressure when drilling the tunnel face GS1 immediately preceding the one being drilled from the hardness parameter storage unit 12D.

[0051] Next, the density distribution acquisition unit 11B calculates the distribution of density information at the tunnel face GS1 from the distribution of ground evaluation information at the tunnel face GS1 that is the target for creating the blasting pattern (step S12). In the first embodiment, the density distribution acquisition unit 11B converts the distribution of normalized drilling rate ratios into the distribution of density information based on the correlation information stored in the correlation information storage unit 12A, which represents the correlation between normalized drilling rate ratios and density information.

[0052] Next, the blasting pattern creation unit 11C creates a blasting pattern based on the distribution of density information in the face GS1 for which the blasting pattern is to be created, so as to satisfy the required number of blast holes per unit area in each part of the face GS1 (step S13).

[0053] Next, the blasting pattern creation unit 11C acquires three-dimensional shape information of the mirror surface CS1 and the surrounding tunnel inner surface TS1 measured by the 3D scanner 30 (step S14). Specifically, the blasting pattern creation unit 11C acquires three-dimensional shape information of the mirror surface CS1 of the sprayed concrete C1 covering the tunnel face GS1 for which the blasting pattern is to be created from the three-dimensional shape information storage unit 12C. The blasting pattern creation unit 11C also acquires three-dimensional shape information of the tunnel inner surface TS1 surrounding the tunnel face GS1 for which the blasting pattern is to be created from the three-dimensional shape information storage unit 12C.

[0054] Next, the blasting pattern creation unit 11C modifies the blasting pattern based on the three-dimensional shape information of the mirror surface CS1 and the surrounding inner tunnel surface TS1 (step S15). Specifically, the blasting pattern creation unit 11C modifies the drilling start position in the blasting pattern to avoid the protrusions of the mirror surface CS1, based on the three-dimensional shape information of the mirror surface CS1. Alternatively, the blasting pattern creation unit 11C modifies the drilling end position of the blast hole H1 located on the outermost periphery, based on the three-dimensional shape information of the inner tunnel surface TS1 of the tunnel face GS1.

[0055] The above process completes the creation of the blasting pattern. The created blasting pattern is stored in the blasting pattern storage unit 12B. Furthermore, in the blasting pattern, the amount of explosive charge for each blast hole H1 can be set by any method. For example, the amount of explosive charge may be set according to the ground evaluation information at the location where each blast hole H1 is placed, based on the correlation between the ground evaluation information and the amount of explosive charge (for example, a regression equation using linear regression).

[0056] (Effects of the first embodiment) (1-1) In the blasting support system 1, the control unit 11 calculates the distribution of density information, which represents the number of blast holes H1 required per unit area in the tunnel face GS1, from the distribution of ground evaluation information corresponding to the hardness of the ground in the tunnel face GS1 for which the blasting pattern is to be created. Then, the control unit 11 creates a blasting pattern that satisfies the distribution of density information in the tunnel face GS1. Through this process, a blasting pattern can be set in which blast holes H1 are arranged according to the hardness of the ground in the tunnel face GS1, regardless of the skill level of the worker.

[0057] (1-2) In the first embodiment, the hardness parameter calculated based on the measured drilling data when the drilling machine 20 drills the first face GS1 is used as ground evaluation information for the subsequent second face GS1. This makes it possible to quantitatively evaluate the hardness of the second face GS1, which is the target for creating the blasting pattern, using the measured drilling data when drilling the first face GS1.

[0058] (1-3) The blasting pattern creation unit 11C modifies the drilling start position of the blast hole H1 in the blasting pattern based on the three-dimensional shape information of the mirror surface CS1, so as to avoid the protrusions of the mirror surface CS1. This enables stable automatic or semi-automatic drilling by the drilling machine 20. At this time, by modifying the drilling start position without changing the drilling end position, the above effect can be obtained without significantly changing the position in which the explosive charge is placed inside the ground.

[0059] (1-4) The blasting pattern creation unit 11C modifies the drilling end position of the blast holes H1 located on the outermost periphery of the blasting pattern to reduce the amount of over-excavation, based on the three-dimensional shape information of the tunnel inner surface TS1 of the face GS1 and the design cross section of the face GS1. This makes it possible to output a blasting pattern that suppresses excessive over-excavation.

[0060] (Second Embodiment) The second embodiment of the blasting support system, blasting support method, and blasting support program will be described below with reference to Figure 9. In the second embodiment, the predicted values ​​of hardness parameters predicted from face images taken of the face GS1 are used as ground evaluation information corresponding to the hardness of the ground at the face GS1. In all other respects, the second embodiment has the same configuration as the first embodiment.

[0061] As shown in Figure 9, in the second embodiment, the support device 10 is configured to receive data from the face image acquisition unit 40 in addition to the drilling machine 20 and the 3D scanner 30. The face image acquisition unit 40 acquires images of the face GS1 before it is covered with sprayed concrete C1.

[0062] (Configuration of the support device 10 in the second embodiment) In the second embodiment, the storage unit 12 of the support device 10 includes a face image storage unit 12E and a hardness distribution prediction model 12F, instead of the hardness parameter storage unit 12D.

[0063] The tunnel face image storage unit 12E stores the tunnel face images acquired by the tunnel face image acquisition unit 40. The hardness distribution prediction model 12F is a pre-trained model that was trained using a dataset that associates training face images taken of a training face with training hardness parameters based on measured values ​​of drilling data acquired when the drilling machine 20 drills the training face. For example, the training hardness parameter is the normalized drilling speed ratio calculated from the drilling speed and feed pressure when drilling the training face to be drilled during past drilling operations.

[0064] In this case, the hardness distribution prediction model 12F is trained (deep learning) using a dataset in which images of the drilling target area at the face GS1 during past drilling operations are labeled with the normalized drilling rate ratio when drilling that area. In other words, the hardness distribution prediction model 12F is a deep learning model that has been trained using the above dataset.

[0065] The hardness distribution prediction model 12F takes an image of the entire face GS1 of the drilling site as input to its input layer, and based on the results of deep learning, outputs a distribution of predicted hardness parameters (normalized drilling rate ratio in this embodiment) at that face GS1 from its output layer.

[0066] (Blasting pattern creation process in the second embodiment) The blasting pattern creation process in the second embodiment is the same as in the first embodiment, except that in step S11 shown in Figure 8, the distribution of ground evaluation information is obtained using the face image taken of the face GS1 and the hardness distribution prediction model 12F. The process of step S11 in the second embodiment will be described below.

[0067] In step S11, first, the hardness distribution acquisition unit 11A acquires a face image of the tunnel face GS1, which is the target for creating the blasting pattern, from the face image storage unit 12E. Next, the hardness distribution acquisition unit 11A inputs the face image into the hardness distribution prediction model 12F, thereby acquiring the distribution of predicted values ​​of the normalized drilling rate ratio at the tunnel face GS1 from the hardness distribution prediction model 12F.

[0068] In step S12, the density distribution acquisition unit 11B converts the distribution of predicted values ​​of normalized drilling speed ratios obtained from the hardness distribution prediction model 12F into a density information distribution based on the correlation information stored in the correlation information storage unit 12A. The subsequent processing is the same as in the first embodiment.

[0069] (Effects of the second embodiment) (2-1) In the second embodiment, the predicted values ​​of hardness parameters predicted from the face image taken of the tunnel face GS1 are used as ground evaluation information corresponding to the hardness of the ground at the tunnel face GS1. This method also allows for the evaluation of the hardness of the tunnel face GS1 that is the target for creating the blasting pattern.

[0070] (Examples of modifications to the first and second embodiments) The first and second embodiments can be implemented with the following modifications. The first and second embodiments and the following modifications can be combined with each other to the extent that they do not contradict each other technically.

[0071] The process by which the blasting pattern creation unit 11C corrects the drilling end position of the blast hole H1 located on the outermost periphery of the blasting pattern based on the three-dimensional shape information of the inner circumferential surface TS1 of the tunnel may be omitted.

[0072] The process by which the blasting pattern creation unit 11C modifies the drilling start position of the blast holes H1 in the blasting pattern to avoid protrusions on the mirror surface CS1, which is the surface of the sprayed concrete C1, based on the three-dimensional shape information of the mirror surface CS1, may be omitted. Also, the surface shape of the sprayed concrete C1 tends to resemble the surface shape of the ground at the tunnel face GS1. Therefore, the blasting pattern creation unit 11C may modify the drilling start position of the blast holes H1 in the blasting pattern to avoid protrusions on the surface of the ground at the tunnel face GS1, based on the three-dimensional shape information of the surface of the ground at the tunnel face GS1. Even in this case, the same effect as described in (1-3) above can be obtained. In this case, the three-dimensional shape information of the surface of the ground at the tunnel face GS1 can be obtained using the 3D scanner 30. Based on the above, the blasting pattern creation unit 11C may modify the drilling start position of the blast hole H1 in the blasting pattern to avoid convex parts of the target surface, based on the three-dimensional shape information of the target surface, which is either the surface of the sprayed concrete C1 or the surface of the ground at the face GS1.

[0073] The hardness parameter can be any parameter that can evaluate the hardness of the ground at the GS1 face. The hardness parameter may be a parameter other than the normalized drilling speed ratio calculated based on the measured values ​​of the drilling data from the drilling machine 20.

[0074] In the blasting pattern image 200, the hole placement object 210 may also display information such as the recommended amount of propellant charge, the spraying thickness of the sprayed concrete C1, and areas where surface collapse is likely. For example, areas where surface collapse is likely may be identified based on ground evaluation information at the face GS1. For example, the spraying thickness of the sprayed concrete C1 can be calculated from the difference between the 3D shape information of the face GS1 before spraying the sprayed concrete C1 and the 3D shape information of the mirror surface CS1 of the sprayed concrete C1.

[0075] In the second embodiment, the hardness distribution prediction model 12F may be fine-tuned for each mountain tunneling site using face images taken of the actual tunnel face GS1 and hardness parameters calculated from the actual drilling data for that tunnel face GS1. In this case, at each site, the prediction accuracy of the hardness parameters predicted by the hardness distribution prediction model 12F can be improved as drilling of the tunnel T1 progresses.

[0076] In the blasting support system 1, the support device 10 may be implemented as a single device, or it may be distributed across multiple devices or subsystems. That is, the processing performed by the control unit 11 of the support device 10 may be performed by multiple devices. Alternatively, the control device 20A of the drilling machine 20 or the processor H15 of the 3D scanner 30 may handle part of the processing performed by the control unit 11 of the support device 10. [Explanation of symbols]

[0077] C1...Sprayed concrete, CS1...Mirror finish, GS1...Tunnel face, H1...Blasting hole, H10...Information processing device, H11...Communication device, H12...Input device, H13...Display device, H14...Storage device, H15...Processor, P1~P3...Point, S1~S5,S11~S15...Step, T1...Tunnel, TS1...Inner surface of tunnel, 1...Blasting support system, 10...Support device, 11...Control unit, 11A...Hardness distribution acquisition unit, 11B...Density distribution acquisition unit, 11C...Blasting pattern creation unit, 12...Storage unit, 12A...Correlation information storage unit, 12B...Blasting pattern record Memory unit, 12C...3D shape information storage unit, 12D...hardness parameter storage unit, 12E...face image storage unit, 12F...hardness distribution prediction model, 13...output unit, 20...drilling machine, 20A...control device, 21...drilling unit, 21A...drilling rod, 22...boom, 23...man gauge, 30...3D scanner, 40...face image acquisition unit, 100...graph, 101...regression line, 200...blasting pattern image, 210...hole placement object, 211...face object, 212...starting point object, 213...ending point object, 220...table.

Claims

1. A blasting support system comprising a control unit that outputs a blasting pattern indicating the arrangement of multiple blast holes at the face of a tunnel, The control unit, The distribution of ground evaluation information corresponding to the hardness of the ground at the aforementioned tunnel face is obtained, Based on the correlation between the ground evaluation information and the density information representing the number of blast holes required per unit area, the distribution of the density information at the tunnel face is calculated from the distribution of the ground evaluation information at the tunnel face. Output the blasting pattern in which the plurality of blast holes are arranged to satisfy the calculated density information distribution. Blasting support system.

2. The aforementioned ground evaluation information is a hardness parameter calculated based on the measured values ​​of drilling data acquired when the drilling machine drills the face immediately preceding the aforementioned face. The blasting support system according to claim 1.

3. The control unit, By inputting a face image of the face to be drilled into a trained model that has been trained by associating training face images taken of a training face with training hardness parameters based on measured values ​​of drilling data acquired when the drilling machine drills the training face, the distribution of predicted hardness parameter values ​​corresponding to the drilling data acquired when the drilling machine drills the face is obtained from the trained model. The distribution of the predicted values ​​of the hardness parameter obtained from the trained model is used as the distribution of the ground evaluation information, and the distribution of the density information is calculated. The blasting support system according to claim 1.

4. The control unit, The three-dimensional shape information of the surface of the concrete sprayed onto the tunnel face, or the surface of the natural ground at the tunnel face, is acquired. Based on the three-dimensional shape information, the drilling start position of the blast hole in the blasting pattern is modified to avoid the protrusions on the target surface. A blasting support system according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

5. The control unit, The three-dimensional shape information of the inner surface of the tunnel surrounding the aforementioned tunnel face is acquired. Based on the three-dimensional shape information, the drilling end position of the outermost blast hole in the blasting pattern is modified to reduce the amount of over-excavation. A blasting support system according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

6. A blasting support method that uses a control unit of a blasting support system to output a blasting pattern indicating the arrangement of multiple blast holes at the tunnel face, The control unit, The distribution of ground evaluation information corresponding to the hardness of the ground at the aforementioned tunnel face is obtained, Based on the correlation between the ground evaluation information and the density information representing the number of blast holes required per unit area, the distribution of the density information at the tunnel face is calculated from the distribution of the ground evaluation information at the tunnel face. Output the blasting pattern in which the plurality of blast holes are arranged to satisfy the calculated density information distribution. Blasting support methods.

7. A blasting support program that uses a control unit of a blasting support system to output a blasting pattern indicating the arrangement of multiple blast holes at the tunnel face, The control unit, The distribution of ground evaluation information corresponding to the hardness of the ground at the aforementioned tunnel face is obtained, Based on the correlation between the ground evaluation information and the density information representing the number of blast holes required per unit area, the distribution of the density information at the tunnel face is calculated from the distribution of the ground evaluation information at the tunnel face. This is intended to function as a means for outputting the blasting pattern in which the plurality of blast holes are arranged to satisfy the calculated density information distribution. Blasting support program.

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