System and method for maintaining a thermal management system of a motor vehicle

Abstract

1. The method, comprising: receiving an indication indicative of a fault associated with a thermal system of a vehicle; determining whether the indication indicative of the fault is associated with maintenance of the thermal system; determining multi-tier maintenance options for providing maintenance to the thermal system, the multi-tier maintenance options including at least one of mobile maintenance, microsite maintenance, or full maintenance; selecting one of the multi-tier maintenance options based at least in part on statistical data regarding previous faults associated with the vehicle; and scheduling the selected multi-tier maintenance option to perform maintenance on the thermal system of the vehicle.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] (CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS) This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 431,766, filed December 12, 2022, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0002] FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present disclosure relates to performing maintenance on automobiles, and more particularly to performing maintenance on thermal management systems, including AC systems in internal combustion engine vehicles or heat pumps in electric vehicles, by providing different types of maintenance. [Background technology]

[0003] Drivers currently experiencing air conditioning (AC) system failures have limited options when their vehicle is out of warranty. This is because most AC system problems are more common only when the vehicle is more than seven years old and therefore often out of warranty. For internal combustion engines, a typical AC system requires ongoing maintenance and / or repairs to recharge the refrigerant in the AC system and / or to drain and refill oil for the compressor. A poorly functioning AC system results in inefficient vehicle operation and higher gas consumption per mile. For electric vehicles (EVs), cooling and heating consume a significant amount of power from the EV battery, affecting driving range and safety. Because an EV's air conditioning system uses heat generated by compressing the refrigerant via a heat pump compressor to heat / cool the air inside the vehicle, the refrigerant reduces the power required to operate the heat pump, thereby freeing up more electricity for the EV to cover a longer distance on a full charge. Furthermore, the refrigerant loop is directly connected to the drivetrain and battery cooling loops to exchange thermal energy. A non-operating (or limited operation) refrigerant loop can cause serious damage to the battery pack, and in the worst case, can lead to a thermal runaway event within the battery pack. Therefore, there are many benefits to having a more efficient heating / cooling system in an EV to increase driving range and safety.

[0004] Typically, an appointment is made with a non-original equipment manufacturer (OEM) repair shop, where the mechanic assumes that the refrigerant level is too low for the AC system or heat pump to operate properly and performs a "vent and recharge" (i.e., top-off) service. In many cases, this is actually the most common cause of the problem. However, in approximately 40% of cases, this approach does not work, and further troubleshooting or extensive service is required. Repair shops often lack the skilled technicians and / or equipment to handle the above-mentioned work, which is a time-consuming and expensive process. Therefore, repair shops often send customers to another repair shop for more detailed troubleshooting and focus only on the refrigerant top-off service. This causes significant frustration for drivers facing more difficult AC system issues. Therefore, there are currently no top-up charging service locations that can perform full troubleshooting service. Furthermore, there are few repair shops that offer dedicated / centralized service for automotive AC systems, especially those with expertise in the market that can handle AC systems, namely heat pumps for EVs, which will become more prevalent in the near future as EVs become a larger part of the vehicle fleet. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] Therefore, there is a need in the art for a system and method that does not suffer from the above-mentioned drawbacks. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] In an exemplary embodiment, a method includes receiving an indication of a fault associated with a thermal system of a vehicle; determining whether the indication of the fault is associated with maintenance of the thermal system; determining multi-tier maintenance options for providing maintenance to the thermal system, the multi-tier maintenance options including at least one of mobile maintenance, microsite maintenance, or full maintenance; selecting one of the multi-tier maintenance options based at least in part on previous faults associated with the vehicle, age since manufacture of the vehicle, brand, mileage, and historical statistical data associated with the vehicle; and scheduling the selected multi-tier maintenance option to perform maintenance on the thermal system of the vehicle.

[0007] In another exemplary embodiment, a method includes receiving a determination of a fault in a thermal system of a vehicle; receiving information associated with the vehicle; providing multi-tiered maintenance options for providing maintenance to the thermal system of the vehicle; selecting a type of maintenance option from among the multi-tiered maintenance options based at least in part on the vehicle including a minor maintenance or a major maintenance; and determining a schedule associated with the selected maintenance option.

[0008] In yet another exemplary embodiment, a system is provided that includes one or more processors and one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media communicatively coupled to the one or more processors, the one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media storing instructions executable by the one or more processors to: receive an indication indicative of a fault associated with a thermal system of a vehicle; determine whether the indication indicative of the fault is associated with service of the thermal system; determine multi-tier maintenance options for providing service to the thermal system, the multi-tier maintenance options including at least one of mobile service, microsite service, or full service; select one of the multi-tier maintenance options based at least in part on statistical data regarding previous faults associated with the vehicle; and schedule the selected multi-tier maintenance option to perform service on the thermal system of the vehicle.

[0009] In yet another exemplary embodiment, a system is provided that includes one or more processors and one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media communicatively coupled to the one or more processors, the one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media storing instructions executable by the one or more processors to: receive an indication indicative of a fault associated with a thermal system of a vehicle; determine whether the indication indicative of the fault is associated with service of the thermal system; determine multi-tier maintenance options for providing service to the thermal system, the multi-tier maintenance options including at least one of mobile service, microsite service, or full service; select one of the multi-tier maintenance options based at least in part on statistical data regarding previous faults associated with the vehicle; and schedule the selected multi-tier maintenance option to perform service on the thermal system of the vehicle.

[0010] Other features and advantages of the present disclosure will become apparent from the following more detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which illustrate, by way of example, the principles of the invention. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0011] [Figure 1A] FIG. 1 is a pictorial flow diagram illustrating an exemplary process for vehicle diagnostics and maintenance of AC system service, according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 1B] FIG. 1 is a pictorial flow diagram illustrating an exemplary process for vehicle diagnostics and maintenance of AC system service, according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 1C] FIG. 1 is a pictorial flow diagram illustrating an exemplary process for vehicle diagnostics and maintenance of AC system service, according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 1D] FIG. 1 is a pictorial flow diagram illustrating an exemplary process for vehicle diagnostics and maintenance of AC system service, according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 2] FIG. 1 illustrates an example architecture for automated vehicle diagnostics and scheduling of AC system maintenance, according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 3] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary process according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 4] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary process according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 5] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary process according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 6] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary process according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 7] 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating attributes of the present method, apparatus, and system. [Figure 8] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary diagnostic decision process according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 9] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a computer system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0012] Wherever possible, the same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same parts. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0013] This disclosure relates to an AC system maintenance solution for combustion engine vehicles and / or electric vehicles (EVs) with multi-stage delivery, i.e., detailed maintenance, micro-location maintenance, and mobile maintenance, based on statistical analysis. This provides the process with a comprehensive statistical understanding of typical issues by vehicle type and usage profile to implement an appropriate and precise course of action to resolve AC system issues. This "deeper knowledge" provides vehicle owners with unique long-term cost advantages, thereby providing a significant long-term competitive advantage. Furthermore, this AC system maintenance solution ensures reliability when maintenance is guaranteed to meet higher standards.

[0014] The present disclosure further aims to provide focused and qualitative AC system maintenance driven by data collection via a diagnostic engine. The diagnostic engine processes the collected data across a wide range of parameters (i.e., but not limited to, vehicle geography, brand, technology, year produced, usage cycle, etc.) to provide a fast and optimized solution to the vehicle or fleet owner. The diagnostic engine can further process the data collection on a micro-scale, apply macro-rules, statistical rules, and export micro-guidelines for concurrent and / or future use to learn, improve maintenance actions and procedures, improve system health, and / or user satisfaction.

[0015] In some implementations, the vehicle owner will receive a diagnosis and cost estimate output from the diagnostic engine after answering a set of questions. After the diagnostic output, the user will receive a booking proposal at one of the microcenters, detail centers in the network, or mobile centers (e.g., mobile vans), where the diagnosis is verified and the proposed work is performed. User interaction and work coordination can be managed by a web-based interface or mobile application. In addition to maintenance work, the user will be aware of additional work for which they may be eligible based on statistical data.

[0016] In some implementations, the present disclosure describes a fully integrated method, apparatus, and system for AC system maintenance involving user interaction, diagnostic capabilities, maintenance capabilities, statistical decision capabilities, and closed-loop supply chain capabilities via recycling, refurbishment, and retrofitting.

[0017] Some advantages or improvements of the present disclosure include ensuring easy management to keep a vehicle's AC system in top operating condition, improving fuel economy or extending driving range in the case of EVs, thus reducing gasoline or electricity costs, respectively. The present disclosure also provides time-efficient, on-demand access to AC servicing, which is currently unavailable. Furthermore, maintaining a "healthy" AC system in a vehicle reduces the risk of larger AC maintenance issues in the future, thus protecting users and the environment.

[0018] Vehicles undergoing maintenance may include any motor vehicle related to passenger cars, commercial vehicles, such as buses, vans, trucks, off-highway vehicles, among other commercial and passenger transportation systems. These vehicles may be conventional internal combustion engine vehicles or electric vehicles (EVs).

[0019] The methods, apparatus, and systems described herein can be implemented in several ways. Exemplary implementations are provided below with reference to the following figures. While discussed in the context of a vehicle operated by an individual, the methods, apparatus, and systems described herein may apply to owners of fleets of vehicles and are not limited to the vehicles discussed herein. Furthermore, while operations may be described with respect to one particular type of vehicle maintenance, namely, AC system maintenance, the operations discussed herein may apply to any type of repair, maintenance, or provision.

[0020] As described herein, the term "AC system" describes components of an internal combustion engine vehicle or an electric vehicle (e.g., compressor, condenser, evaporator, expansion valve, refrigerant, etc.), or components for temperature control (e.g., heat pump) and / or battery of an electric vehicle. Additionally, the term "thermal system" relates to an AC system associated with an internal combustion engine vehicle or an EV.

[0021] FIG. 1A illustrates a pictorial flow diagram of an exemplary process 100a for vehicle diagnostics and maintenance of AC system servicing, according to one exemplary embodiment.

[0022] In step 105, process 100a includes determining (105) a fault related to the AC system of vehicle 10. In one implementation, a fault can be determined (105a) when a user determines that the AC system of vehicle 10 is not functioning properly and / or that the vehicle 10 is making unusual noises and / or vibrations. For example, the interior windows of vehicle 10 are not frosted and / or are not cooling / heating well. In another implementation, a fault can be determined when an error message is displayed on vehicle 10 indicating a performance issue related to the AC system (105b). For example, low gasoline fuel efficiency, low cabin temperature, low battery efficiency, etc. Once a fault in the AC system is determined, the user communicates with a service location (e.g., a repair shop, auto repair shop, dealership, etc.) to receive service. In some implementations, the communication interface can be a mobile application, email, and / or a phone call to the service location. In complex faults, the user is instructed to download an app for further instructions. If the communication simply consists of making an appointment for maintenance at one of the service locations, a phone call or email is sufficient. Initially, the user makes the appointment by providing some basic information about the vehicle, such as, but not limited to, the model, year, mileage, detailed address, problem description, and past maintenance history of the AC system. In some implementations, this information may be captured by a web-based interface and / or a mobile app. If this initial information indicates a low refrigerant level requiring only a "top-up" service, i.e., a high likelihood of a leak, the user is prompted to schedule a visit to a microsite at a public location, in step 110. In some implementations, the microsite location is a fixed location capable of addressing minor AC system issues. In some implementations, the microsite location may be in a shopping mall parking garage, a dedicated garage, an office location, or other high-traffic facility.As an exemplary illustration, a user parks vehicle 10 in a shopping mall parking lot for AC system servicing (i.e., top-up servicing) and shops for approximately one hour while the vehicle is serviced or repaired. After servicing at the microsite location, the AC system of vehicle 10 is fully charged and ready for proper operation (step 115).

[0023] In another implementation, in process 100c, the vehicles undergoing maintenance may be in a fleet of vehicles 20 owned by a single entity, as shown in FIG. 1C. If there is a malfunction associated with the AC system of one of the vehicles 20, then in step 110, the vehicle fleet user makes an appointment with a microsite location for maintenance (i.e., top-up maintenance). Similar to FIG. 1A, the user can shop or wait near the microsite location while the vehicles 20 are being maintained or repaired. After maintenance, in step 115, the AC systems of the vehicles 20 are fully charged and ready for proper operation.

[0024] FIG. 1B shows a pictorial flow diagram of an exemplary process 100b for vehicle diagnostics and AC system maintenance according to another exemplary embodiment. Unlike the embodiment described in FIG. 1A, the process 100b in FIG. 1B illustrates a mobile service that can be scheduled to perform vehicle service at a field (i.e., remote location) designated by a user in step 120. For example, the mobile location can be a home, office, or any other designated location. In this exemplary embodiment, if the received information indicates a low refrigerant level requiring only a "top-up" service, the user is prompted to make an appointment (step 117) for a technician to travel directly to the desired location and perform the AC system service (step 120). In some implementations, the mobile service includes a mobile unit (e.g., a mobile van) with at least a recharging, recovery, and recycling machine equipped with refrigerants such as R134a, R1234yf, or blends thereof, among any other refrigerants with ASHRAE registration, built into the mobile unit for providing service to AC systems. By way of example, the user may schedule, via a mobile app or text, a technician to come to the user's home for service, including the location where the service will be performed. Some mobile unit service may include performing a refrigerant top-up, collecting AC system "state of health" information (e.g., mileage, years since manufacture, maintenance history, consumption, which may be collected, for example, via on-board computer fault messages), replacing parts, performing troubleshooting in certain cases to diagnose problems, and / or performing minor repairs. After service by the technician, in step 115, the AC system of vehicle 10 is fully charged and ready for proper operation.

[0025] Another embodiment includes a mobile unit (e.g., a mobile van) having at least a recharging, recovery, and recycling mechanism comprising an E-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-E-1234ze) composition, wherein the E-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene is present in an amount of 50.0 wt.% or more, preferably 75.0 wt.% or more, more preferably 99.0 wt.% or more, even more preferably 99.5 wt.% or more, and most preferably 99.8 wt.% or more, based on the total weight of the fluoropropene composition.

[0026] Another embodiment relates to a mobile maintenance facility that includes a mobile unit (e.g., a mobile van) having at least one refilling, recovery, or recycling machine equipped with an E-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-E-1234ze) composition containing E-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene as disclosed herein, which further comprises 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and 1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene, and the total amount of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and 1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene in the fluoropropene composition is 0.001 to 0.9 wt %, preferably 0.1 to 0.8 wt %, and most preferably 0.3 to 0.5 wt %, based on the total weight of the fluoropropene composition.

[0027] Another embodiment relates to a mobile maintenance system including a mobile unit (e.g., a mobile van) having at least one refilling, recovery, or recycling machine equipped with an E-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-E-1234ze) composition, which further comprises R-134, preferably in an amount of 1.0 to 40.0 wt. %, more preferably in an amount of 30.0 to 40.0 wt. %, and most preferably in an amount of 35.0 to 40.0 wt. %, based on the total weight of the fluoropropene composition.

[0028] Another embodiment relates to a mobile maintenance facility that includes a mobile unit (e.g., a mobile van) having at least one refilling, recovery, and recycling machine equipped with an E-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-E-1234ze) composition further comprising R-1336mzzE and / or R-227ea, preferably in an amount of 15.0 to 20.0 wt. % R-1336mzzE and 2.0 to 5.0 wt. % R-227ea, based on the total weight of the fluoropropene composition.

[0029] Another embodiment relates to a mobile maintenance facility that includes a mobile unit (e.g., a mobile van) having at least one refilling, recovery, and recycling machine equipped with a composition comprising E-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-E-1234ze) and HFC-227ea. In one embodiment, the composition comprises HFO-E-1234ze and up to 15 wt. % HFC-227ea, preferably 8-13 wt. % HFC-227ea, based on the total weight of the composition. In one embodiment, the composition comprises 88 wt. % HFO-E-1234ze and 12 wt. % HFC-227ea, based on the total weight of the composition. In one embodiment, the composition comprises 91.1 wt. % HFO-E-1234ze and 8.9 wt. % R-227ea, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0030] Another embodiment relates to a mobile maintenance system that includes a mobile unit (e.g., a mobile van) having at least one refilling, recovery, and recycling machine equipped with a composition comprising HFO-E-1234ze and HFC-152a. In one embodiment, the composition comprises HFO-E-1234ze and up to 20 wt. % HFC-152a, preferably 1 to 20 wt. % HFC-152a, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0031] Another embodiment relates to a mobile maintenance facility that includes a mobile unit (e.g., a mobile van) having at least one refilling, recovery, and recycling machine equipped with a composition comprising HFO-E-1234ze, HFC-32, and HFC-152a. In one embodiment, the composition comprises HFO-E-1234ze and up to about 15 wt.% HFC-32 and up to about 10 wt.% HFC-152a, based on the total weight of the composition. In one embodiment, the composition comprises 83 wt.% HFO-E-1234ze, 12 wt.% HFC-32, and 5 wt.% HFC-152a, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0032] Another embodiment relates to a mobile maintenance facility that includes a mobile unit (e.g., a mobile van) having at least one refilling, recovery, and recycling machine equipped with a composition comprising HFO-E-1234ze, HFC-32, and HFC-134a. In one embodiment, the composition comprises HFO-E-1234ze, up to about 10 wt.% HFC-32, and up to about 50 wt.% HFC-134a, based on the total weight of the composition. In one embodiment, the composition comprises 49 wt.% HFO-E-1234ze, 6 wt.% HFC-32, and 45 wt.% HFC-134a, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0033] Another embodiment relates to a mobile maintenance system that includes a mobile unit (e.g., a mobile van) having at least one refilling, recovery, and recycling machine equipped with a composition comprising HFO-E-1234ze, CO, and HFC-134a. In one embodiment, the composition comprises HFO-E-1234ze, up to about 10 wt.% CO, and up to about 15 wt.% HFC-134a, based on the total weight of the composition. In one embodiment, the composition comprises 85 wt.% HFO-E-1234ze, 6 wt.% CO, and 9 wt.% HFC-134a, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0034] In one embodiment, the composition is one of R-444A, R-445A, R-456A, R-515A, and R-515B.

[0035] Another embodiment relates to a mobile maintenance system that includes a mobile unit (e.g., a mobile van) having at least one refilling, recovery, and recycling machine equipped with an E-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene composition that includes one or more of R-143a, R-152a, TFP (trifluoropropyne), R-1233xf, R-1233zd(E), R-1233zd(Z), R-236fa, and additionally and optionally at least one HFO-1234 isomer including at least one of HFO-1234zc, HFO-1234yc, and HFO-1234ye.

[0036] Another embodiment relates to a mobile maintenance facility that includes a mobile unit (e.g., a mobile van) having at least one refilling, recovery, and recycling machine that is equipped with an E-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene composition in which the sum of additional compounds selected from one or more of R-143a, R-152a, TFP, R-1233xf, R-1233zd(E), and R-1233zd(Z) is present in an amount of 0.001 mole percent to 2 mole percent based on the total fluoropropene composition.

[0037] In some embodiments, any of the compositions disclosed herein further comprises an effective amount of at least one inhibitor that reduces the conversion of fluoroolefins (e.g., HFO-1234ze(E) or HFO-1234yf) to oligomers or polymers. The composition preferably contains less than 1 wt. % of oligomers, homopolymers, or other polymeric products, preferably less than about 0.03 wt. % of oligomers, homopolymers, or other polymeric products. In one embodiment, the inhibitor comprises at least one member selected from limonene, α-terpinene, α-tocopherol, butylated hydroxytoluene, 4-methoxyphenol, and benzene-1,4-diol, preferably at least one of limonene and α-terpinene. In one embodiment, the inhibitor is present in an amount of about 30 to about 3,000 ppm.

[0038] In one embodiment, any of the compositions disclosed herein further comprises, in addition to the inhibitor, an antioxidant selected from butylated hydroxyanisole, tertiary butylhydroquinone, gallate, 2-phenyl-2-propanol, 1-(2,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-1-butanone, phenols, bisphenolmethane derivatives, and 2,2′-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-t-butylphenol).

[0039] In one embodiment, any of the compositions disclosed herein further comprises, in addition to the inhibitor and antioxidant, at least one member selected from air, oxygen, cumene hydroperoxide, and fluoroolefin polyperoxides, peroxides, hydroperoxides, persulfates, percarbonates, perborates, and hydropersulfates.

[0040] In some implementations, in process 100d, as shown in FIG. 1D , one or more mobile units can be transported to a location where multiple fleets of vehicles are located for maintenance. This provides a higher repair capability for the fleet of vehicles by the mobile units. In other words, a technician can perform maintenance on the fleet of vehicles at a single location, compared to when a technician visits various locations to service a single vehicle. In one implementation, the mobile units can drive to a parking lot where multiple fleets of vehicles are parked for maintenance. Similar to FIG. 1B , when there is a malfunction related to the AC systems of one or more fleets of vehicles 20, the fleet owner schedules a technician to come directly to the location of the fleet of vehicles 20 designated by the fleet owner in step 120. After the maintenance, in step 115, the AC systems of the fleet of vehicles 20 are maintained and ready for proper operation.

[0041] 2 illustrates an example architecture 150 for automated vehicle diagnostics and scheduling of AC system maintenance, as described herein. For example, architecture 150 may include one or more computer systems 152 that include various hardware and / or software for implementing aspects of the systems, methods, and apparatus described herein. For example, computer system 152 may include a diagnostic module 153, a maintenance type determination module 154, a vehicle location module 155, an inventory / spare parts module 156, a statistics module 157, a scheduling module 158, and a cost estimation module 159.

[0042] In some implementations, computer system 152 can be embodied as a central server that receives input from one or more vehicles. In some implementations, computer system 152 can be embodied within a vehicle. In some implementations, computer system 152 can also provide perception and planning functionality for the vehicles and can capture any data as discussed herein.

[0043] The diagnostic module 153 may include functions and operations for determining a diagnostic condition associated with the vehicle. For example, the diagnostic module 153 may process basic information about the vehicle (e.g., year, make, model, etc.). After processing the basic vehicle information, the diagnostic module 153 may process a determination of a fault in the vehicle's AC system. That is, the diagnostic module 153 may process whether the fault is related to the operation of the AC system, i.e., whether it is blowing cool air properly or defogging properly due to insufficient refrigerant, a component failure, an electronic failure, etc. In another example, the diagnostic module 153 may process whether the AC system fault is related to blowing less cool air or a higher temperature. In yet another example, the diagnostic module 153 may process whether the AC system fault is related to the vehicle being in a head-on accident or an obstacle (e.g., a rock, debris, etc.) striking the vehicle. Additionally, the diagnostic module 153 may process an AC system fault based on vehicle status indicators, such as, but not limited to, a fuel efficiency indicator, a temperature indicator, a battery charge indicator, etc. In some implementations, the diagnostic module 153 can store information associated with the vehicle for future diagnosis, where maintenance may be performed by a technician or the location where the service is performed. In another implementation, the module saves a profile for each individual vehicle and identifies other cars that have the same profile and are likely to need the same maintenance or repair.

[0044] In some implementations, the diagnostic module 153 can handle AC system failures in relation to the type of vehicle, i.e., whether the vehicle is an internal combustion engine vehicle or an EV. For example, the diagnostic module 153 can handle whether the engine or electricity is powering the compressor for cooling. With regard to heating, the diagnostic module 153 can handle whether the heating system draws heat from the engine coolant in an internal combustion engine vehicle or uses a battery for a heater matrix with electric heaters in an EV.

[0045] The service type determination module 154 may include functionality and operations for determining the type of service associated with the AC system service required for the vehicle. In some implementations, the service type includes at least three types: mobile service, microsite location service, and detailed location service. Mobile service and microsite location service may be determined for small-scale AC system service, such as a top-up service to replace and refill refrigerant. Alternatively, detailed location service may be provided or recommended for larger-scale AC system service requiring larger equipment and / or specialized technicians. Some examples of service requiring larger-scale AC system service or repair are thermostat calibration, equipment adjustment, blower component repair or replacement, air handler / furnace repair or replacement, electrical connection repair or replacement, condenser and evaporator coil repair or replacement, air flow, safety control repair or replacement, and EV AC compressor repair or replacement.

[0046] The vehicle location module 155 may include functionality to receive data associated with the location of a vehicle. In some examples, the vehicle location module 155 may receive information associated with a vehicle to determine the location of the vehicle for mobile maintenance. In one implementation, the vehicle location module 155 may receive the location of the vehicle, for example, via GPS, and provide guiding instructions to the vehicle's location related to servicing the vehicle. In some implementations, the vehicle location module 155 may track the location of the vehicle and direct the user to the nearest microsite location and / or detailed maintenance location for maintenance. In most cases, the instructions may be based in part on minimizing travel time and / or vehicle downtime.

[0047] The inventory / spare parts module 156 includes functionality and operations for determining parts inventory for servicing an AC system. In some examples, the inventory / spare parts module 156 can deploy a technician to the location of a vehicle to be serviced with a specific part(s) to service an AC system having a particular problem. In some implementations, the inventory / spare parts module 156 can include functionality to direct the technician to pick up or deliver inventory items and / or tools or equipment.

[0048] The statistics module 157 can include functionality for receiving associated data to track vehicle performance over time. In some examples, the statistics module 157 can receive raw sensor data from the vehicle, metadata or determinations based at least in part on the sensor data from the vehicle, and / or indications from a user. In some implementations, the statistics module 157 can receive status information associated with the vehicle to determine the AC system status associated with the vehicle over time. In one example, the statistics module 157 can provide a comprehensive statistical understanding of typical problems by vehicle type and usage profile to take appropriate and accurate courses of action to resolve AC system issues. This enables more detailed knowledge by providing key long-term “fixes” (e.g., fixes that identify and resolve the root cause of a given problem) that provide unique long-term cost advantages to vehicle owners. Additionally, the statistics module 157 can further process data collection on a micro-scale, apply macro-statistical rules, and export micro-guidelines for future use for learning, improving maintenance operations and procedures, improving system status, and / or user satisfaction.

[0049] In some implementations, the statistics module 157 may include one or more machine learning algorithms and / or heuristic techniques for determining problems based on data, as discussed herein. Additionally, in some examples, the statistics module 157 may have access to a database in which vehicle behaviors are mapped to maintenance problems. In some examples, the one or more machine learning algorithms may include a neural network. As described herein, an exemplary neural network is a biologically inspired algorithm that passes input data through a series of connected layers to generate an output. An example of a neural network may include a convolutional neural network (CNN). Each layer within a CNN may include another CNN, or may include any number of layers. As may be understood in the context of the present disclosure, a neural network may utilize machine learning, which may refer to a broad class of such algorithms in which an output is generated based on learned parameters.

[0050] In some implementations, the scheduling module 158 can handle scheduling of appointments based on the type of maintenance. For example, if the scheduling module 158 determines that microsite location maintenance or mobile maintenance is needed (e.g., top-up maintenance), the scheduling module 158 processes the date, time, and location of the microsite location to provide the maintenance to the vehicle. In some embodiments, the scheduling module 158 can provide the fastest route or direction to the microsite location. For mobile maintenance, the scheduling module 158 processes the date, time, and location for the technician to arrive at the user-specified location. In some implementations, the scheduling module 158 can provide the fastest route or direction to the user's location. If the scheduling module 158 determines that detailed location maintenance is needed, after processing a series of questions by the diagnostic module 153, the scheduling module 158 processes the date, time, and location of the detailed maintenance and communicates it to the user. In some implementations, the scheduling module 158 can provide the fastest route or direction to the detailed location maintenance.

[0051] In some implementations, the cost estimation module 158 can send a cost estimate after the diagnostic module 153 diagnoses and processes the fault and answers a set of questions. User interaction and cost estimates can be managed by a web-based interface or a mobile application. In some implementations, the cost estimation module 158 can send additional maintenance that the user may need based on statistical data. For example, additional (optional) maintenance can include compressor oil refills, air filtration cleaning or replacement, fuse replacement, thermostat replacement, deep antibacterial cleaning, etc. In some implementations, the cost estimation module 158 can process financial transactions, such as sales, purchases, receipts, and payments, related to AC system maintenance.

[0052] 3-6 illustrate example processes according to embodiments of the present disclosure. These processes are illustrated as logical flow graphs, each operation of which represents a sequence of actions that may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination thereof. In the context of software, the actions represent computer-executable instructions stored on one or more computer-readable storage media that, when executed by one or more processors, perform the described actions. Generally, computer-executable instructions include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc. that perform particular functions or implement particular abstract data types. The order in which the actions are described is not intended to be construed as a limitation, and any number of the described actions may be combined in any order and / or in parallel to implement a process.

[0053] 3 illustrates an example process 160 for determining an AC system fault for maintenance and selecting a type of maintenance to perform on a vehicle. For example, some or all of process 160 may be performed by one or more components within architecture 150 or within environment 900 (FIG. 9), as described later herein.

[0054] At operation 162, the process may include receiving data associated with the vehicle's AC system, one or more user indications, and / or one or more error codes. In some implementations, operation 162 may include receiving a determination from a user or may include receiving a determination directly from the vehicle of an AC system maintenance issue. For example, operation 162 may receive a determination via user interaction that the AC system is malfunctioning, i.e., blowing warm air or the defogger is not functioning properly. In another example, the determination may be made when user interaction indicates that the amount of cool air is low or not at a predetermined temperature. In yet another example, the determination may be made when sensors on the vehicle indicate that the vehicle has been in a head-on accident or that an obstacle (e.g., a rock, car debris, etc.) has struck the vehicle and caused the malfunction. In some implementations, operation 162 may include receiving one or more indications from a user (user interaction), such as from a computing device operating in conjunction with the vehicle and / or from an application operating on a computing device (e.g., a smartphone) associated with the user.

[0055] In some implementations, operation 162 may receive the determination directly from a vehicle associated with the AC system based on vehicle condition indicators such as, but not limited to, a fuel efficiency indicator, a temperature indicator, a battery charge indicator, etc. In some cases, the vehicle may automatically determine a maintenance issue with the AC system and provide an indication as an error code corresponding to the maintenance issue.

[0056] In operation 163, the process may include receiving basic information associated with the vehicle for statistical data. For example, the basic information may relate to the vehicle's year, make, model, and mileage. In some implementations, the basic information regarding the AC system failure may be received by a maintenance center (e.g., a repair shop, auto repair shop, dealership) to determine a course of action. For example, based on the basic information in conjunction with the statistical data, operation 163 may process that the failure is associated with a refrigerant leak requiring top-up maintenance.

[0057] In operation 164, the process may include providing multi-tiered maintenance options for providing maintenance to the vehicle's AC system. In some implementations, the multi-tiered maintenance options may be a mobile maintenance option, a microsite maintenance option, and a detailed full maintenance option. The mobile maintenance option and the microsite location maintenance option may be performed for small-scale AC system maintenance work, such as top-up maintenance to replace and refill refrigerant. In some implementations, the microsite location is at a fixed location that can accommodate such small-scale AC system maintenance work. For example, the microsite location may be in a shopping mall parking garage, a dedicated maintenance shop, an office location, or other high-traffic facility. In some implementations, the mobile maintenance option may be performed in a field designated by the user (i.e., at a mobile location). For example, the mobile maintenance option may be performed at a home, office, or any other designated location. For large-scale AC system maintenance work that requires further evaluation, a detailed location maintenance option is provided or recommended.

[0058] In operation 165, the process may include selecting one of the multi-tier options received by the user. In some implementations, if the fault is related to a small AC system issue, such as a low refrigerant level requiring a "top-up" service, the microsite service option or the mobile service option is selected. In other implementations, if the fault is related to a large AC system issue or a complex issue requiring extensive equipment and specialized technicians, the detailed full service option is selected.

[0059] In operation 166, the process may include scheduling one of the selected options for maintenance. For example, an option for a microsite maintenance option may include contacting a maintenance center and arranging an appointment for maintenance. Alternatively, the microsite maintenance option may include visiting a maintenance center without scheduling an appointment. For example, a user may visit the microsite location and wait for maintenance. For an option for a mobile maintenance option, a user may schedule an appointment and specify a location for maintenance via a computing device (e.g., a smartphone) associated with the user. For an option for a detailed maintenance option, a user may schedule an appointment directly with a maintenance center via a computing device associated with the user or may call the maintenance center.

[0060] 4 illustrates an example process 170 for determining a maintenance location based on a selected type of maintenance. For example, some or all of process 170 may be performed by one or more components within architecture 150 or environment 900, as described later herein.

[0061] In operation 172, the process may include receiving data related to a vehicle AC system malfunction. In some implementations, operation 172 may include receiving information from a user indicating a malfunctioning AC system. For example, the user may transmit information indicating a malfunctioning AC system to a service center, such as via a smartphone, that the airflow temperature is not at a predetermined temperature and / or that the windshield is not properly defrosted. In other implementations, operation 172 may include receiving raw sensor data associated with the vehicle's AC system, metadata associated with the sensor data from the vehicle, an error code from the vehicle, or any data associated with the vehicle's AC system.

[0062] In operation 174, the process may include analyzing the data to determine possible malfunction issues and recommending solutions based on the data. For example, if the data indicates the make, year, model, and mileage of the vehicle, operation 174 may make a determination that a top-up service is needed or a recharge is due based on the make, year, model, or mileage of the vehicle. In another example, if the data indicates that the blown air temperature is not at a predetermined temperature or that the windows are not properly defogging, operation 174 may determine that the AC system only needs a top-up service or may require further evaluation. In yet another example, if the data indicates that the AC system is not functioning at all, operation 174 may determine that the AC system needs a technician for a full service evaluation. In some implementations, operation 174 may make a determination based on raw sensor data associated with the vehicle's AC system, metadata associated with sensor data from the vehicle, error codes from the vehicle, or any data associated with the vehicle's AC system. For example, if data indicating a low coolant level is received from a coolant indicator, operation 174 may determine that top-up service is needed or a top-up is due. In another example, if data indicating a low battery charge is received from a battery indicator of an EV, operation 174 may determine that top-up service is needed or a recharge is due. It should be understood that these processes are not mutually exclusive and may be used in conjunction with each other. As mentioned above, in some examples, various machine learning algorithms (such as artificial neural networks, linear or logistic regression, etc.) may be used to provide such a determination.

[0063] In operation 176, the process may include providing a maintenance option from three types of options based on the data determined in operation 174. For example, if a top-up maintenance is determined, operation 176 may process either a mobile maintenance or a visit to a microsite center maintenance. In another example, if a full maintenance is determined, operation 176 may process a detailed maintenance at a center to provide a complete maintenance for the vehicle.

[0064] In operation 178, the process can include determining a maintenance location. In some implementations, operation 178 can arrange scheduling to provide maintenance for the vehicle at the location where the maintenance will be performed. In a mobile maintenance option, the user makes an appointment with a technician and specifies the location. In a microsite center maintenance option, the user can visit a microsite center and wait for the vehicle to be serviced. The user can also arrange an appointment before visiting the microsite center for an efficient process. In a detailed maintenance option, the user makes an appointment with a maintenance center after answering a series of questions regarding the AC system malfunction. In some implementations, the user can wait at the detailed maintenance center or leave the vehicle there.

[0065] 5 shows an example process 180 for determining a maintenance location based on a selected type of maintenance. For example, some or all of process 170 may be performed by one or more components within architecture 150 or environment 900, as described later herein.

[0066] In operation 182, the process may include receiving data associated with the vehicle's AC system. In some implementations, operation 182 may include receiving a determination from a user or may include receiving a determination directly from the vehicle of an AC system maintenance problem.

[0067] At operation 183, the process may include sending a diagnostic report of the AC system based on the received data. In some implementations, the diagnostic report may include vehicle information. For example, the diagnostic report may include the vehicle's year, make, model, mileage, and location. In some implementations, the diagnostic report may include the status (operating function) of the AC system. For example, the diagnostic report may include the refrigerant level, the condenser performance level, the evaporator performance level, the intake airflow, the EV charging power level, etc. In some implementations, the diagnostic report may include the vehicle's physical condition. For example, the diagnostic report may include whether any damage to the front of the vehicle was caused by an accident or an obstacle (e.g., a stone, debris, etc.) striking the vehicle.

[0068] In operation 184, the process may include transmitting a cost estimate based on the diagnostic report. In some implementations, operation 184 may include several cost estimates based on different maintenance types.

[0069] In operation 185, the process may include submitting a booking proposal from at least one of three types of maintenance, e.g., mobile maintenance, mobile site maintenance, and detailed maintenance. In some implementations, the booking may be made in person at the maintenance center or electronically. For example, the booking may be made through a web-based interface, a mobile application, or email.

[0070] In operation 185, the process may include determining a maintenance location center based on the selected maintenance. In the case of microsite center maintenance, the user can visit the microsite center and wait for the vehicle to be serviced. In the case of detailed maintenance, the user makes an appointment with the maintenance center after answering a series of questions regarding the AC system malfunction. In the case of mobile maintenance, the user makes an appointment with a technician and specifies a location. In some implementations, operation 185 may determine the selected maintenance based on proximity to the vehicle, i.e., closest to the user's location.

[0071] 6 is a flowchart of a process 200 illustrating another initial interaction with a user according to another exemplary embodiment. In step 202, the process identifies issues related to the AC system (e.g., not properly defogging, not properly cooling / heating, error / fault messages, etc.). In step 204, the process performs an initial status check of the vehicle's AC system based on at least one of a basic check (via an app, email, or phone call to the location where the service will be performed) of vehicle information (e.g., model, year, mileage, and location), vehicle statistics (e.g., past history records for a certain type of vehicle), and user feedback (e.g., not blowing cold / hot air, vibrating, shaking, leaking, making noise, etc.). If the process determines that the vehicle requires only minor service (i.e., top-up service), the process in step 206 sends a message to the user that a minor service is recommended; optionally, the message may include an estimate. At step 208, the process then sends a message to the user to either bring the vehicle to a microsite for top-up maintenance or arrange for a technician to come out for mobile maintenance.

[0072] On the other hand, if in step 210 the process determines that the maintenance requires extensive AC system maintenance (i.e., a complex or more difficult problem requiring specialized knowledge and / or equipment), the process sends a series of questions to the user for further troubleshooting. In some implementations, the user can communicate directly with the maintenance location to confirm the problem. If the determined scope of work is extensive maintenance in step 212, the process formulates the required work and available parts and optionally sends a quote in step 214. In step 216, the process sends a message to the user to either bring the vehicle to a microsite or arrange for a technician to come to mobile maintenance for top-up maintenance, or to the maintenance location for further instructions.

[0073] This process describes the initial interactions after a vehicle exhibits a problem with the AC system. The goal is to provide the most efficient solution to resolve the problem based on statistical analysis (i.e., how likely is a particular problem to manifest for a particular vehicle type and make / year / factory location) and / or based on user-specific information (i.e., location, mileage, detailed description of the problem, last workshop visit, etc.). This process also provides multi-tiered solutions to traditional maintenance available today: microsite locations, mobile solutions, and specialized workshops.

[0074] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating attributes 300 of the present method, apparatus, and system for fully integrated maintenance delivery. As shown in Figure 10, attributes 300 may include user interaction attributes 301, diagnostic capability attributes 302, maintenance capability attributes 303, statistical decision capability attributes 305, and closed-loop supply chain attributes 306 via recycling, remanufacturing, and refurbishing, and compliance with regulatory mandates. Each of these attributes 300 is described in more detail below. Additionally, it should be understood that other attributes may be included beyond those described herein.

[0075] For user interaction attribute 301, interaction with the user may be paramount to ensure effective maintenance on the vehicle and to reduce associated costs. The interaction may be any communication protocol, such as, but not limited to, an application, email, or a direct phone call to the location where the service will be performed. In some implementations, if there is a complex fault in the AC system, instructions to download an app are provided for further communication regarding the vehicle and / or the location where the service will be performed. In some implementations, information associated with the vehicle, such as a description of the problem and past maintenance history, may be communicated. In some implementations, information related to the service location, such as the nearest authorized service shop, certified technician, authorized repair facility, etc., may be communicated. If the fault is a service call, i.e., top-up service, the interaction simply consists of making an appointment for maintenance at one of the service locations via phone or email.

[0076] In some implementations, prior to making a reservation, interaction with the location where the maintenance will be performed can be associated with basic vehicle information. For example, when a user connects with a maintenance location via one of the communication protocols, the interaction consists of several basic questions, apart from sharing some general data, such as the vehicle model and production year. In some implementations, the set of questions can be multi-tiered, i.e., divided into several subsets, to optimize the algorithm engine's decision-making and, similarly, the user's interaction. In one implementation, questions can be sent to the user in several rounds, and the answers can be fed to a statistical engine for analysis. If the diagnosis determines that there is no fault after the first batch of questions, no further questions are presented, and the converged results can be shared with the user as a diagnosis. If the diagnosis is statistically unreliable after the first batch, another subset of questions is sent to the user to further guide the algorithm. This process is repeated until the algorithm achieves a diagnosis with an acceptably low margin of error.

[0077] One important aspect of the user interaction attributes 301 can be data collection. For example, collection of data such as geography, vehicle type, brand, production year, mileage, fuel consumption, and battery range of EVs is important for the operation of the diagnostic platform. In some implementations, micro-aggregation of these data can be used to distinguish the incidence of certain problems for specific regions. For example, Northern Europe (which generally has colder weather) may have different, distinct problems related to AC systems compared to Southern Europe (which generally has warmer weather). In some implementations, condensed macro-trends driven by data collection can provide abbreviated diagnoses at a micro-level. For example, cars of a particular brand of a particular year have a higher incidence of component failure. In other words, cars of brand A / B have a high leak rate and require maintenance after y years (e.g., after the original equipment warranty expires).

[0078] Another aspect of user interaction attributes 301 is communication with the user to ensure that the maintenance performed was indeed successful. This process allows for a "deep dive" diagnosis to resolve the underlying vehicle problem instead of simply performing a "temporary fix." To verify that this is indeed the case, the user can provide feedback on the repair as a function of time, for example. Additionally, the user can further benefit from proactive maintenance offerings via app or email, such as, but not limited to, compressor oil top-ups, air filtration system cleaning or replacement, thermostat replacement, deep antibacterial cleaning, etc.

[0079] For the diagnosability attribute 302, the process provides complete transparency to the user through the diagnostic engine. From the first interaction, the goal is to provide the most accurate diagnosis possible and, optionally, a corresponding cost estimate. The diagnostic process is tightly interlinked with data collection and statistical models.

[0080] In one implementation, after a diagnosis is determined and the user is notified, the user can make an appointment to service the vehicle's AC system. The diagnostic engine can suggest an appointment for one of three service types: detailed service, microsite service, or mobile service. The suggested service depends on the diagnosis results and the user's preferences. Furthermore, the diagnostic engine can optimize the time, distance, and presence of experts in a particular area of ​​the vehicle. For example, a user needing more detailed analysis and component replacement can be directed to a shop for detailed repair, while a user needing basic service (i.e., top-up service) can be directed to a microsite location or, optionally, mobile service. As described above, during mobile service, a dedicated mobile unit (e.g., a van) can travel to the user's location (e.g., office, home, etc.) and perform maintenance on-site.

[0081] The maintenance capability attribute 303 can be divided into three tiers to take advantage of proximity to the user and make the user experience as seamless as possible. For example, three maintenance options could be mobile unit maintenance, microsite location maintenance, and deep diagnostic shop maintenance. The three proposed maintenance options have varying degrees of equipment and capability to perform the required maintenance tasks, diagnostics, and data readings.

[0082] In an exemplary mobile unit servicing option, mobile unit servicing can include a mobile unit (e.g., a van) equipped with refrigeration equipment for recharging, recovery, and recycling (RRR). In one implementation, the RRR equipment can be locked in place inside the mobile unit. In another implementation, the RRR equipment can be configured to be mobile or portable. For example, if the mobile unit cannot be parked close enough to a vehicle, the RRR equipment can be detached from the mobile unit and moved closer to the vehicle needing servicing. In some implementations, the RRR machine can have long hoses to access several vehicles at once. In some implementations, the mobile unit can also include an appropriate power source for the RRR machine and / or power or computing power for connected applications or computers.

[0083] In some implementations, the mobile unit may be operated by a trained technician and configured to perform light tasks such as, but not limited to, refrigerant top-ups and minor repairs. In some implementations, a computer built into the mobile unit allows the computer to collect AC / heat pump system health information (e.g., vehicle information that allows for more accurate diagnosis of AC / heat pump status) via onboard computing readings via a diagnostic engine. This allows the technician to perform troubleshooting and diagnosis on-site. In some implementations, the mobile unit may also carry additional equipment and / or work materials, such as consumables, filters, seals, fluids (e.g., engine oil, coolant, windshield washer fluid, power steering fluid, transmission oil, etc.), and some spare parts for minor repairs and / or maintenance.

[0084] In some implementations, the technician can provide and retrieve all information associated with the vehicle and / or user via the app. For example, the information can include the user's profile created during initial registration, basic vehicle information (e.g., make, model, year, and production year), and any follow-up conversation or observation data on the status of the vehicle's AC system. In some implementations, the app can provide the technician's schedule (i.e., appointment scheduling). In some implementations, the app can communicate the technician's location to the user (if the technician has difficulty locating the user's location). Additionally, if there is a delay, the app can immediately communicate the delay, allowing the technician to directly suggest a different solution (e.g., reschedule the appointment) to the user.

[0085] In an exemplary microsite location-based maintenance option, microsite location-based maintenance is an alternative to mobile unit maintenance. For example, a microsite location can be conveniently located in a shopping mall parking garage, car wash, office, or entertainment location. Microsite locations are relatively basic in that they focus on performing the same types of maintenance as mobile units in a fixed location, making them more readily accessible to users. This provides on-demand access to AC maintenance. In one implementation, a user can visit a shopping mall, drop off their vehicle at a microsite location, and shop while the maintenance is performed to save time. The user then picks up their vehicle after it has been fully inspected. Maintenance performed at a microsite location-based maintenance facility is similar to mobile unit maintenance and can include, but is not limited to, light work such as refrigerant refills and minor repairs.

[0086] In the exemplary deep diagnostics shop service option, deep diagnostics shop service is used when the AC system problem cannot be resolved through the previous two options: a mobile visit or a microsite location. The problem may be due to the fact that the problem at hand is more complex or the problem is uncommon, such that the diagnostic engine cannot determine the correct root cause (i.e., cannot formulate statistical data). Other issues, such as the vehicle's physical condition for evaluation of the AC system, may be the cause. For example, a collision or impact from an obstacle (e.g., a stone) may cause problems with the AC system and require more extensive repair and maintenance. In these cases, the user is redirected to one of the deep diagnostics shops. These deep diagnostics shops are more heavily equipped and employ specialized technicians to perform more diagnostic and maintenance tasks. In some implementations, the diagnosis can be converted into data (and stored) and fed to the diagnostics engine, allowing the diagnostics engine to learn from the problem and identify the correct diagnosis earlier and more accurately in future occurrences.

[0087] In some implementations, the deep diagnostic workshop may be run by multiple technicians or multiple workshops. Given the more extensive nature of the work, it may be possible that the user needs to leave the vehicle at the location where the maintenance will be performed for more than one day, or at a different location. In this case, user interaction attribute 301 informs the user regarding the timing of the full repair and the location of the vehicle if it is at a different workshop location.

[0088] The statistical decision capability attributes 304 are data-driven, collecting data about the vehicle and storing it in a statistical engine. In some implementations, the collected data relates to types of AC system problems, problems associated with specific types of vehicles (i.e., model, year, production facility), problem occurrences, etc. The data is transformed and fed to the diagnostic engine so that the diagnostic engine can learn from these occurrences and identify correct diagnoses earlier and provide more accurate corresponding repair actions in future events.

[0089] The closed-loop supply chain attributes 305 relate to regulatory mandates and environmental impacts. More specifically, the closed-loop supply chain attributes 305 are associated with the recycling, reclamation, and upgrading of refrigerant materials. Typically, fluorinated gases required for AC and heat pump function require significant amounts of energy to produce. Therefore, these gases can be considered expensive materials, especially since they are highly efficient at transporting heat. Therefore, it is desirable to preserve materials as much as possible and promote recycling, reclamation, and upgrading to reduce the environmental impact in terms of CO2.

[0090] Direct contact with users and therefore full vertical integration of the supply chain allows refrigerant quality to be checked at every service visit. If the refrigerant in a vehicle is of poor quality or contaminated, it is removed and regenerated (impurities removed and brought to the required quality level). This constant monitoring of refrigerant quality through a statistical analysis approach is key to tracking illegal imports of refrigerant materials. It also helps to predict the risk of the presence of illegal refrigerant substances in a given vehicle used in a given region.

[0091] With regard to refrigerant upgrading, the automotive industry has undergone a transition from R-134a to R-1234yf. This transition began in 2012, but only became effective through strict legislation in 2017. This means that certain vehicles on the road today, manufactured between 2012 and 2017, are equipped with AC equipment filled with R-134a, even though they are capable of using R-1234yf. This provides an opportunity to retrofit these vehicles with R-1234yf and recycle R-134a in applications that cannot yet use R-1234yf technology. In some implementations, hardware retrofit packages will likely be developed that can convert R-134a AC equipment to R-1234yf AC equipment in various mobile applications.

[0092] In one embodiment, the refrigerant hardware modification package is capable of converting an R-134a AC appliance to an AC appliance capable of using an E-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene composition wherein the E-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene is present in the fluoropropene composition in an amount of 50.0 wt.% or greater, preferably 75.0 wt.% or greater, more preferably 99.0 wt.% or greater, even more preferably 99.5 wt.% or greater, and most preferably 99.8 wt.% or greater, based on the total weight of the fluoropropene composition.

[0093] In one embodiment, R-134a AC equipment can be converted to handle E-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene compositions containing an E-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene composition as disclosed herein by retrofitting a refrigerant hardware modification package, wherein the total amount of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and 1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene in the fluoropropene composition is 0.001 to 0.9 wt %, preferably 0.1 to 0.8 wt %, and most preferably 0.3 to 0.5 wt %, based on the total weight of the fluoropropene composition.

[0094] In one embodiment, R-134a AC equipment can be converted to handle E-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene compositions by retrofitting a refrigerant hardware modification package, the fluoropropene compositions further comprising R-134 preferably in an amount of 1.0 to 40.0 wt.%, more preferably 30.0 to 40.0 wt.%, and most preferably 35.0 to 40.0 wt.%, based on the total weight of the fluoropropene composition.

[0095] In one embodiment, R-134a AC equipment can be converted to handle E-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene compositions by retrofitting with a refrigerant hardware modification package, the fluoropropene compositions preferably further comprising R-1336mzzE and / or R-227ea in amounts of 15.0 to 20.0 wt. % R-1336mzzE and 2.0 to 5.0 wt. % R-227ea, based on the total weight of the fluoropropene composition.

[0096] In one embodiment, R-134a AC equipment can be converted to handle a composition containing HFO-E-1234ze and HFC-227ea by retrofitting a refrigerant hardware modification package. In one embodiment, the composition contains HFO-E-1234ze and up to 15 wt.% HFC-227ea, preferably 8-13 wt.% HFC-227ea, based on the total weight of the composition. In one embodiment, the composition contains 88 wt.% HFO-E-1234ze and 12 wt.% HFC-227ea, based on the total weight of the composition. In one embodiment, the composition contains 91.1 wt.% HFO-E-1234ze and 8.9 wt.% R-227ea, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0097] In one embodiment, R-134a AC equipment can be converted to handle a composition comprising HFO-E-1234ze and HFC-152a by retrofitting a refrigerant hardware modification package. In one embodiment, the composition comprises HFO-E-1234ze and up to 20 wt. % HFC-152a, preferably 1-20 wt. % HFC-152a, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0098] In one embodiment, R-134a AC equipment can be converted to handle a composition containing HFO-E-1234ze, HFC-32, and HFC-152a by retrofitting a refrigerant hardware modification package. In one embodiment, the composition contains HFO-E-1234ze and up to about 15 wt.% HFC-32 and up to about 10 wt.% HFC-152a, based on the total weight of the composition. In one embodiment, the composition contains 83 wt.% HFO-E-1234ze, 12 wt.% HFC-32, and 5 wt.% HFC-152a, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0099] In one embodiment, R-134a AC equipment can be converted to handle a composition containing HFO-E-1234ze, HFC-32, and HFC-134a by retrofitting a refrigerant hardware modification package. In one embodiment, the composition contains HFO-E-1234ze, up to about 10 wt.% HFC-32, and up to about 50 wt.% HFC-134a, based on the total weight of the composition. In one embodiment, the composition contains 49 wt.% HFO-E-1234ze, 6 wt.% HFC-32, and 45 wt.% HFC-134a, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0100] In one embodiment, R-134a AC equipment can be converted to handle a composition comprising HFO-E-1234ze, CO, and HFC-134a by retrofitting a refrigerant hardware modification package. In one embodiment, the composition comprises HFO-E-1234ze, up to about 10 wt.% CO, and up to about 15 wt.% HFC-134a, based on the total weight of the composition. In one embodiment, the composition comprises 85 wt.% HFO-E-1234ze, 6 wt.% CO, and 9 wt.% HFC-134a, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0101] In one embodiment, by retrofitting a refrigerant hardware modification package, R-134a AC equipment can be converted to handle E-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene compositions that additionally and optionally include one or more of R-143a, R-152a, TFP (trifluoropropyne), R-1233xf, R-1233zd(E), R-1233zd(Z), R236fa, and at least one HFO-1234 isomer including at least one of HFO-1234zc, HFO-1234yc, and HFO-1234ye.

[0102] In one embodiment, by retrofitting a refrigerant hardware modification package, R-134a AC equipment can be converted to handle E-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene compositions in which the sum of additional compounds selected from one or more of R-143a, R-152a, TFP, R-1233xf, R-1233zd(E), and R-1233zd(Z) is present in an amount of 0.001 mole percent to 2 mole percent based on the total fluoropropene composition.

[0103] Data collected through the statistical engine allows for the rapid identification of vehicles that may be eligible for such modifications when a user is requesting maintenance. Basic information such as the vehicle's year, make, model, and geographic location can provide the likelihood that a vehicle is eligible for a modification. Additionally, through user interaction attributes 301, the system can survey the user's interests and ensure that necessary materials are available when the user arrives at the location where maintenance will be performed.

[0104] The closed-loop supply chain attributes 305 also relate to overall supply chain management. In one implementation, the overall supply chain management can statistically determine where most of the vehicles with similar AC system issues are located geographically. Using this data, the system can determine the corrective action course and suggested repair recommendations for that particular vehicle based on its geographic location.

[0105] FIG. 8 illustrates an exemplary diagnostic decision process by the diagnostic engine (i.e., diagnostic module 153) based on data, statistics, and validation to guide users and perform maintenance in the most cost-effective and effective manner. As shown in FIG. 10, after receiving basic vehicle information (e.g., year, make, model, etc.), the diagnostic decision process determines whether the AC system is properly blowing cool air or properly defogging (S10). If not, the diagnostic decision process determines that the AC system is not properly blowing cool air or properly defogging, for example, caused by a head-on accident or an obstacle colliding with the vehicle (S60), and determines whether to perform a detailed analysis, as described later in this specification (S70). If the answer is "yes (perform detailed analysis)," the diagnostic decision process then determines whether the airflow rate is low at a predetermined temperature (S20). If the airflow rate is low or the system is operating at the predetermined temperature, the process determines that there is a refrigerant leak in the system, requiring at least top-up maintenance (S30). On the other hand, if it is determined that the cool air volume is low or has not reached the predetermined temperature, the system prompts the user for a more detailed problem description for a more detailed analysis (S70). After determining a refrigerant leak, the diagnostic decision process can determine whether to perform on-site maintenance (e.g., mobile maintenance) or microsite maintenance (S40). Returning to S60, the diagnostic decision process determines that the AC system is not properly blowing cool air or properly defogging due to, for example, a head-on collision or an obstacle striking the vehicle. If the AC system problem is not due to a head-on collision or an obstacle, the system determines that a refrigerant leak is the most likely cause, and a top-up maintenance is performed (S30). If the AC system problem is due to a head-on collision or an obstacle, the system moves to a detailed analysis (S70), where further investigation is required, either by asking several questions about the problem or by speaking directly with the user (S80). The process can then schedule an appointment (S90) to take the vehicle to a workshop for detailed maintenance (S100).

[0106] 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating a computer system 900. According to some implementations, the system 900 can be used to perform the operations described in connection with any of the computer-implemented methods described above. For example, the storage device 930 of the system 900 can store instructions executable by one or more processing devices 910 to perform the operations of the diagnostic module 153, the maintenance type determination module 154, the vehicle location module 155, the inventory / spare parts module 156, and / or the statistics module 157.

[0107] In some implementations, the computing systems and devices and functional operations described herein may be implemented in digital electronic circuitry, in tangibly embodied computer software or firmware, in computer hardware, including the structures disclosed herein (e.g., system 900) and their structural equivalents, or in one or more combinations thereof. System 900 is intended to include various forms of digital computers, such as laptops, desktops, workstations, personal digital assistants, servers, blade servers, mainframes, and other suitable computers, including vehicle-mounted base units or pod units of modular vehicles. System 900 may also include mobile devices, such as personal digital assistants, mobile phones, smartphones, and other similar computing devices. Furthermore, the system may include a portable storage medium, such as a Universal Serial Bus (USB) flash drive. For example, a USB flash drive may store an operating system and other applications. A USB flash drive may include input / output components, such as a wireless transducer or a USB connector, that may be inserted into a USB port of another computing device.

[0108] System 900 includes a processing unit or processor 910, memory 920, storage 930, and input / output devices 940. Each of the components 910, 920, 930, and 940 are interconnected using a system bus 950. Processor 910 is capable of processing instructions for execution within system 900. The processor may be designed using any of several architectures. For example, processor 910 may be a Complex Instruction Set Computer (CISC) processor, a Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) processor, or a Minimal Instruction Set Computer (MISC) processor.

[0109] In one implementation, the processor 910 is a single-threaded processor. In another implementation, the processor 910 is a multi-threaded processor. The processor 910 can process instructions stored in memory 920 or on storage device 930 to display graphical information for a user interface on input / output device 940.

[0110] The memory 920 stores information within the system 900. In one implementation, the memory 920 is a computer-readable medium. In one implementation, the memory 920 is a volatile memory unit. In another implementation, the memory 920 is a non-volatile memory unit.

[0111] The storage device 930 can provide mass storage for the system 900. In some implementations, the storage device 930 is a hardware-based storage device. In one implementation, the storage device 930 is a computer-readable medium. In various different implementations, the storage device 930 can be a floppy disk device, a hard disk device, an optical disk device, or a tape device.

[0112] The input / output devices 940 provide input / output operations for the system 900. In one implementation, the input / output devices 940 include a keyboard and / or a pointing device. In another implementation, the input / output devices 940 include a display unit for displaying a graphical user interface.

[0113] The described features may be implemented in digital electronic circuitry, or in computer hardware, firmware, software, or in combinations of them. An apparatus may be implemented in a computer program product tangibly embodied in an information carrier, e.g., a machine-readable storage device for execution by a programmable processor, and method steps may be performed by the programmable processor executing a program of instructions to perform the functions of the described implementation by operating on input data and generating output. The described features may advantageously be implemented in one or more computer programs executable on a programmable system including at least one programmable processor coupled to receive data and instructions from, and send data and instructions to, a data storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device. A computer program is a set of instructions that can be used, directly or indirectly, in a computer to perform a particular activity or bring about a particular result. Computer programs may be written in any form of programming language, including compiled or interpreted languages, and may be deployed in any form, such as a stand-alone program or as a module, component, subroutine, or other unit suitable for use in a computing environment.

[0114] Processors suitable for executing a program of instructions include, by way of example, both general-purpose and special-purpose microprocessors, and the sole processor or one of multiple processors of any kind of computer. Generally, a processor receives instructions and data from a read-only memory or a random-access memory or both. The essential elements of a computer are a processor for executing instructions and one or more memories for storing instructions and data. Generally, a computer also includes, or is operatively coupled to communicate with, one or more mass storage devices for storing data files. Such devices include magnetic disks, such as internal hard disks and removable disks, magneto-optical disks, and optical disks. Storage devices suitable for tangibly embodying computer program instructions and data include all forms of non-volatile memory, including, by way of example, semiconductor memory devices such as EPROMs, EEPROMs, and flash memory devices; magnetic disks, such as internal hard disks, removable disks, magneto-optical disks, CD-ROMs, DVD-ROM disks, and the like. The processor and memory may be supplemented by, or incorporated in, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs). The machine learning model can be run on a graphics processing unit (GPU) or custom machine learning inference accelerator hardware.

[0115] To provide for user interaction, features may be implemented on a computer having a display device, such as a CRT (cathode ray tube) or LCD (liquid crystal display) monitor, for displaying information to the user, and a keyboard and pointing device, such as a mouse or trackball, by which the user can provide input to the computer. Additionally, such activity may be carried out via touchscreen flat panel displays and other suitable mechanisms.

[0116] Features may be implemented in a computer system that includes back-end components such as a data server, or includes middleware components such as an application server or an Internet server, or includes front-end components such as a client computer having a graphical user interface or an Internet browser, or includes any combination thereof. The components of the system may be connected by any form or medium of digital data communication, such as a communication network. Examples of communication networks include a local area network ("LAN"), a wide area network ("WAN"), a peer-to-peer network (with ad hoc or static members), a grid computing infrastructure, and the Internet. The computer system may include clients and servers. The clients and servers are generally remote from each other and typically interact through a network as described. The relationship of client and server arises by virtue of computer programs running on the respective computers and having a client-server relationship to each other.

[0117] In some implementations, the present disclosure provides a business model that can be organized regionally. In other words, the business model tailors specific marketing communication strategies that can meet regional needs and brand recognition while providing users with good coverage with sufficient user proximity. Furthermore, it provides an opportunity to more quickly try and test in order to fine-tune the business model as it scales up.

[0118] As used herein, the term "user" may be designated as a user, operator, vehicle owner, user, fleet user, fleet owner, and the like.

[0119] Embodiment A. The method includes receiving an indication of a fault associated with a thermal system of a vehicle; determining whether the indication of the fault is associated with maintenance of the thermal system; determining multi-tier maintenance options for providing maintenance to the thermal system, the multi-tier maintenance options including at least one of mobile maintenance, microsite maintenance, or full maintenance; selecting one of the multi-tier maintenance options based at least in part on statistical data regarding previous faults associated with the vehicle; and scheduling the selected multi-tier maintenance option to perform maintenance on the thermal system of the vehicle. B. The method of embodiment A, wherein the thermal system is associated with an AC system of an internal combustion engine vehicle. C. The method of embodiment A, wherein the thermal system is associated with a heat pump in an electric vehicle. D. The method of embodiment A, further comprising transmitting a cost estimate after determining that the indication of a fault is associated with maintenance of the thermal system. E. The method of embodiment D, wherein transmitting the cost estimate further includes responding to a set of questions regarding the breakdown and the vehicle. F. The method of embodiment A, wherein the indicator of the failure is based on a user interface. G. The method of embodiment F, wherein the user interface includes determining at least one of an indication of warm air, an indication of low volume cold air, or an indication of an improperly operating anti-fog function. H. The method of embodiment A, wherein the received fault indicator is based on a reading of a condition indicator measured via a sensor. I. The method of embodiment A, wherein the condition indicator includes at least one of a fuel efficiency sensor, a temperature sensor, or a battery charge sensor. J. The method of embodiment A, further comprising receiving information related to the vehicle, including at least one of the vehicle's year, make, model, mileage, or location. K. The method of embodiment A, wherein the mobile or microsite maintenance option is configured to perform minor maintenance on the vehicle's thermal system. L. The method of embodiment A, wherein the minor maintenance includes at least replacing and refilling refrigerant from the vehicle. M. The method of embodiment A, wherein the full maintenance option is configured to perform minor maintenance or major maintenance. N. The method of embodiment A, further comprising transmitting a diagnostic report of the thermal system regarding indications of a fault. O. The method of embodiment A further comprising transmitting additional work options for servicing the vehicle. P. The method includes receiving data related to a thermal system of a vehicle, determining at least one thermal system problem associated with the vehicle based at least in part on the data, analyzing the data to determine a solution to the at least one thermal system problem, providing maintenance options from at least three options for servicing the at least one AC system problem, and determining a location to perform the maintenance based on the provided maintenance options. Q. A system including one or more processors; and one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media communicatively coupled to the one or more processors, the one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media storing instructions executable by the one or more processors to: receive an indication indicative of a fault associated with a thermal system of a vehicle; determine whether the indication indicative of the fault is associated with maintenance of the thermal system; determine multi-tier maintenance options for providing maintenance to the thermal system, the multi-tier maintenance options including at least one of mobile maintenance, microsite maintenance, or full maintenance; select one of the multi-tier maintenance options based at least in part on statistical data regarding previous faults associated with the vehicle; and schedule the selected multi-tier maintenance option to perform maintenance on the thermal system of the vehicle. R. A system including one or more processors; and one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media communicatively coupled to the one or more processors, the one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media storing instructions executable by the one or more processors to: receive an indication indicative of a fault associated with a thermal system of a vehicle; determine whether the indication indicative of the fault is associated with service of the thermal system; determine multi-tiered service options for providing service to the thermal system, the multi-tiered service options including at least one of mobile service, microsite service, or full service; select one of the multi-tiered service options based at least in part on statistical data regarding previous faults associated with the vehicle; and schedule the selected multi-tiered service option to perform service on the thermal system of the vehicle. S. The method of embodiment A, wherein the statistical data includes the vehicle's age, brand, mileage, and maintenance history. T. The system of embodiment Q, wherein the statistical data includes the vehicle's age, brand, mileage, and maintenance history. U. The system of embodiment R, wherein the statistical data includes the vehicle's age, brand, mileage, and maintenance history. V. The method of embodiment L, wherein the replacement refrigerant comprises a fluoroolefin composition comprising E-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234ze(E)), greater than 0 to less than 0.2 wt. % Z-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234ze(Z)), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf), at least one of HCFO-1336mzz(E) and HFC-227ea, and at least one additional member comprising HFC-245cb, HFO-1225ye(E / Z), and HFO-1233zd(E / Z). W. The method of embodiment V, wherein the displacement medium comprises from greater than 0 to less than 500 ppm Z-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene based on the total fluoropropene composition, E-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, E-1336mzz, and 0.00001 to 5 mole % 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf) based on the total fluoropropene composition, and further comprises at least one of R-134a, R-227a, R-1225ye, and R-1233zd. X. The replacement refrigerant comprises at least 75 wt. % E-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234ze(E)) and Z-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234ze(Z)), based on the total weight of the composition, and at least one additional member is (a) HFO-1234yf and HFO-1225zc, (b) HFO-1234yf and HFO-1225ye, (c) HFO-1225zc and HFO-1225ye, (d) HFO-1234yf, HFO-1225zc, and HFO-1225ye; (e) R-114 and R-124, (f) R-114, R-124, and HFC-227; (g)(v) plus (i), (ii), (iii), or (iv), and (h)(vi)+(i), (ii), (iii), or (iv) The method of embodiment V, wherein the method is selected from one of: Y. The method of embodiment L comprising an E 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene blend selected from one of R444A / B, R445A, R446A / B, R447B, R448A, R450A, R456A, R459A / B, R460A / B / C, R464A, R515A, and R515B, and optionally further comprising at least one additional compound selected from HFO-Z-1234ze, HFC-245fa, HFC-236fa, HFO-E1225ye, and 1225yeZ. Z. The method of embodiment L, wherein the replacement refrigerant comprises a 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene blend selected from one of R444A / B, R446A / B, R447B, R448A, and one or more additional compounds selected from HFC-125, HFC-134, HFC-134a, HFC-245cb, HFO-1225zc, HFO-1243zf, and HFO-1234yf, and optionally HFO-Z-1234ze. AA. The method of embodiment L, wherein the replacement refrigerant comprises E-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-E-1234ze), difluoromethane (HFC-32), 1,1,difluoromethane (HFC-152a), (i) one or more additional compounds selected from HFC-125, HFC-134, HFC-134a, HFC-245cb, HFO-1225zc, HFO-1243zf, and HFO-1234yf, wherein 5% to 95% by weight of E-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene is present and 95% to 5% by weight of HFC-32 and HFC-152a is present, based on the total weight of the composition, and the total amount of the one or more additional compounds is greater than 0% to less than about 1% by weight, such that the total amount of the fluoropropene composition is 100%. BB. The method of embodiment L, wherein the replacement refrigerant is a composition comprising E-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-E-1234ze) and HFC-227ea, preferably up to 15 wt.% HFC-227ea, more preferably 8 to 13 wt.% HFC-227ea, based on the total weight of the composition. Preferably, the composition comprises 88 wt.% HFO-E-1234ze and 12 wt.% HFC-227ea, based on the total weight of the composition. Preferably, the composition comprises 91.1 wt.% HFO-E-1234ze and 8.9 wt.% R-227ea, based on the total weight of the composition. CC. The method of embodiment L, wherein the replacement refrigerant is a composition comprising HFO-E-1234ze and HFC-152a, preferably up to 20 wt. % HFC-152a, more preferably 1 to 20 wt. % HFC-152a, based on the total weight of the composition. The method of embodiment L, wherein the replacement refrigerant is a composition comprising HFO-E-1234ze, HFC-32, and HFC-152a, preferably up to about 15 wt.% HFC-32 and preferably up to about 10 wt.% HFC-152a, based on the total weight of the composition. Preferably, the composition comprises 83 wt.% HFO-E-1234ze, 12 wt.% HFC-32, and 5 wt.% HFC-152a, based on the total weight of the composition. The method of embodiment L, wherein the replacement refrigerant is a composition comprising HFO-E-1234ze, HFC-32, and HFC-134a, preferably a composition comprising up to about 10 wt.% HFC-32 and preferably up to about 50 wt.% HFC-134a, based on the total weight of the composition. Preferably, the composition comprises 49 wt.% HFO-E-1234ze, 6 wt.% HFC-32, and 45 wt.% HFC-134a, based on the total weight of the composition. The method of embodiment L, wherein the FF. replacement refrigerant is a composition comprising HFO-E-1234ze, CO2, and HFC-134a, preferably up to about 10 wt.% CO2, and preferably up to about 15 wt.% HFC-134a, based on the total weight of the composition. Preferably, the composition comprises 85 wt.% HFO-E-1234ze, 6 wt.% CO2, and 9 wt.% HFC-134a, based on the total weight of the composition. GG. The method of any one of embodiments L and V-FF, wherein the composition further comprises an effective amount of at least one inhibitor that reduces the conversion of fluoroolefins to oligomers or polymers. HH. The method of embodiment GG, wherein the composition contains less than 1% by weight of an oligomer, homopolymer, or other polymer product, preferably less than about 0.03% by weight of an oligomer, homopolymer, or other polymer product. II. The method of any one of embodiments GG-HH, wherein the inhibitor comprises at least one component selected from the group consisting of limonene, α-terpinene, α-tocopherol, butylated hydroxytoluene, 4-methoxyphenol, and benzene-1,4-diol. JJ. The method of any one of embodiments GG-II, wherein the inhibitor is at least one of limonene and alpha-terpinene. The method of any one of embodiments GG through JJ, wherein the KK. inhibitor is present in an amount of about 30 to about 3,000 ppm.

[0120] The following represent further preferred aspects of the present invention. (Item 1) A method comprising: receiving an indication of a fault associated with a thermal system of the vehicle; Determining whether the fault indication is relevant to servicing the thermal system (e.g., determining a diagnosis based on data collection and a statistical engine); determining a multi-tiered maintenance option for providing maintenance to the thermal system, the multi-tiered maintenance option including at least one of mobile maintenance, microsite maintenance, or full maintenance; selecting one of the multi-tiered maintenance options based at least in part on statistical data regarding previous failures associated with the vehicle (e.g., possibly also employing profile matching with other statistical data in the database); and scheduling the selected multi-tier maintenance options to perform maintenance on the vehicle's thermal system. (Item 2) The method of item 1, wherein the thermal system is associated with an AC system of an internal combustion engine vehicle. (Item 3) The method described in Item 1, wherein the thermal system is associated with a heat pump of an electric vehicle. (Item 4) The method of items 1, 2, or 3, further comprising transmitting a cost estimate value after determining that the indication of a fault is related to maintenance of the thermal system. (Item 5) The method of item 4, wherein transmitting the cost estimate value further includes responding to a set of questions regarding the breakdown and the vehicle. (Item 6) The method according to any one of items 1 to 5, wherein the fault indicator is based on a user interface. (Item 7) The method of item 6, wherein the user interface includes determining at least one of an indication of warm air, an indication of cold air at a low volume, or an indication of an improperly operating anti-fog function. (Item 8) The method according to any one of items 1 to 7, wherein the received indicator indicating a fault is based on a reading of a status indicator measured via a sensor. (Item 9) The method of item 8, wherein the status indicator includes at least one of a fuel efficiency sensor, a temperature sensor, or a battery charge sensor. (Item 10) The method of any one of items 1 to 9, further comprising receiving information related to the vehicle, including at least one of the vehicle's year, make, model, mileage, or location. (Item 11) The method described in any one of items 1 to 10, wherein the mobile maintenance option or microsite maintenance option is configured to perform minor maintenance on the vehicle's thermal system. (Item 12) The method according to item 11, wherein the minor maintenance includes at least replacing and refilling refrigerant from the vehicle. (Item 13) The method according to any one of items 1 to 12, wherein the full maintenance option is configured to perform minor maintenance or major maintenance. (Item 14) The method according to any one of items 1 to 13, further comprising transmitting a diagnostic report of the thermal system regarding an indication of a fault. (Item 15) The method according to any one of items 1 to 14, further comprising transmitting additional work options for servicing the vehicle.

[0121] While this specification contains details of many specific implementations, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of any invention or what may be claimed, but rather as descriptions of features specific to particular implementations of a particular invention. Certain features described in this specification in the context of separate implementations may also be implemented in combination in a single implementation. Conversely, various features described in the context of a single implementation may also be implemented in multiple implementations separately or in any suitable subcombination. Furthermore, while features may be described above as working in particular combinations and even initially claimed as such, one or more features from a claimed combination may, in some cases, be deleted from the combination, and the claimed combination may be directed to subcombinations or variations of the subcombinations.

[0122] Similarly, while operations are shown in the figures in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring such operations to be performed in the particular order shown, or in sequential order, or that all of the shown operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain situations, concurrent operations and parallel processing may be advantageous. Furthermore, the separation of various system components in the above-described embodiments should not be understood as requiring such separation in all embodiments, and it should be understood that the described program components and systems may generally be integrated together in a single software product or packaged in multiple software products.

[0123] Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the exemplary embodiments belong. It will be further understood that terms as defined in commonly used dictionaries should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art, and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly defined herein.

[0124] While the present disclosure has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that various changes can be made and equivalents can be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications can be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope of the disclosure. While various aspects and embodiments have been disclosed herein, other aspects and embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The various aspects and embodiments disclosed herein are for purposes of illustration and not intended to be limiting, with the true scope and spirit being indicated by the following claims.

Claims

1. 1. A method comprising: receiving an indication of a fault associated with a thermal system of the vehicle; determining whether the fault indication is related to maintenance of the thermal system; determining a multi-tier servicing option for providing servicing to the thermal system, the multi-tier servicing option including at least one of mobile servicing, microsite servicing, or full servicing; selecting one of the multi-tiered maintenance options based at least in part on statistical data regarding previous failures associated with the vehicle; and scheduling the selected multi-tier maintenance options to perform maintenance on the thermal system of the vehicle.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the thermal system is associated with an AC system of an internal combustion engine vehicle.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the thermal system is associated with a heat pump of an electric vehicle.

4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising transmitting a cost estimate after determining that the fault indication is associated with maintenance of the thermal system.

5. The method of claim 4 , wherein transmitting the cost estimate further comprises responding to a set of questions regarding the fault and the vehicle.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the indicator of the fault is user interface based.

7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the user interface includes determining at least one of an indication of warm air, an indication of low volume cold air, or an indication of an improperly operating anti-fog function.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the received fault indicator is based on a reading of a condition indicator measured via a sensor.

9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the condition indicator includes at least one of a fuel efficiency sensor, a temperature sensor, or a battery charge sensor.

10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising receiving information related to the vehicle, including at least one of the year, make, model, mileage, or location of the vehicle.

11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mobile maintenance option or the microsite maintenance option is configured to perform minor maintenance on the thermal system of the vehicle.

12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the minor maintenance includes at least replacing and refilling refrigerant from the vehicle.

13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the full maintenance option is configured to perform a minor maintenance or a major maintenance.

14. The method of claim 1 , further comprising transmitting a diagnostic report of the thermal system regarding the indication of the fault.

15. The method of claim 1 further comprising transmitting additional work options for servicing the vehicle.

16. 1. A method comprising: receiving data relating to a thermal system of a vehicle; determining at least one thermal system problem associated with the vehicle based at least in part on the data; and analyzing the data to determine a solution to the at least one thermal system problem; providing a maintenance option from a plurality of options for servicing the at least one thermal system problem; determining a maintenance location based on the analyzed data; and A method comprising:

17. 1. A system comprising: one or more processors; one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media communicatively coupled to the one or more processors, receiving an indication of a fault associated with a thermal system of the vehicle; determining whether the fault indication is related to maintenance of the thermal system; determining a multi-tier servicing option for providing servicing to the thermal system, the multi-tier servicing option including at least one of mobile servicing, microsite servicing, or full servicing; selecting one of the multi-tiered maintenance options based at least in part on statistical data regarding previous failures associated with the vehicle; one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media storing instructions executable by the one or more processors to: schedule the selected multi-tier maintenance option to perform maintenance on the thermal system of the vehicle; A system comprising:

18. 1. A system comprising: one or more processors; one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media communicatively coupled to the one or more processors, receiving an indication of a fault associated with a thermal system of the vehicle; determining whether the fault indication is related to maintenance of the thermal system; determining a multi-tier servicing option for providing servicing to the thermal system, the multi-tier servicing option including at least one of mobile servicing, microsite servicing, or full servicing; selecting one of the multi-tiered maintenance options based at least in part on statistical data regarding previous failures associated with the vehicle; one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media storing instructions executable by the one or more processors to: schedule the selected multi-tier maintenance option to perform maintenance on the thermal system of the vehicle; A system comprising:

19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the statistical data includes the age, brand, mileage, and maintenance history of the vehicle.

20. 20. The system of claim 17, wherein the statistical data includes the age, brand, mileage, and maintenance history of the vehicle.

21. 20. The system of claim 18, wherein the statistical data includes the age, brand, mileage, and maintenance history of the vehicle.

22. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the refrigerant comprises a fluoroolefin composition comprising E-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234ze(E)), greater than 0 to less than 0.2 wt. % Z-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234ze(Z)), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf), at least one of HCFO-1336mzz(E) and HFC-227ea, and at least one additional member comprising HFC-245cb, HFO-1225ye(E / Z), and HFO-1233zd(E / Z).

23. 23. The fluoropropene composition of claim 22 comprising from greater than 0 to less than 500 ppm Z-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene based on the total fluoropropene composition, E-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, E-1336mzz, and 0.00001 to 5 mole % 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf) based on the total fluoropropene composition, and further comprising at least one of R-134a, R-227a, R-1225ye, and R-1233zd.

24. at least 75 wt. % of E-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234ze(E)), Z-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234ze(Z)), R-1336mzz(E) (trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene), HFO-1234yf (2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene), based on the total weight of the composition; ), HFO-1225zc (1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene), R-114, R-124, R-227ea, R-227ca, R-245cb, E-HFO-1225ye, Z-HFO-1225ye, E-HFO-1233zd, and Z-HFO-1233zd.

25. at least 75 wt. % of E-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234ze(E)) and Z-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234ze(Z)), based on the total weight of the composition, and the at least one additional member is (a) HFO-1234yf and HFO-1225zc; (b) HFO-1234yf and HFO-1225ye; (c) HFO-1225zc and HFO-1225ye; (d) HFO-1234yf, HFO-1225zc, and HFO-1225ye; (e) R-114 and R-124, (f) R-114, R-124, and HFC-227; (g) (v) + (i), (ii), (iii), or (iv), and (h) (vi) + (i), (ii), (iii), or (iv) 13. The fluoropropene composition of claim 12, wherein the fluoropropene composition is selected from one of the following:

26. 13. The fluoropropene composition of claim 12 comprising an E 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene blend selected from one of R444A / B, R445A, R446A / B, R447B, R448A, R450A, R456A, R459A / B, R460A / B / C, R464A, R515A, and R515B, and optionally further comprising at least one additional compound selected from HFO-Z-1234ze, HFC-245fa, HFC-236fa, HFO-E1225ye, and 1225yeZ.

27. 13. The fluoropropene composition of claim 12 comprising a 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene blend selected from one of R444A / B, R446A / B, R447B, R448A, and one or more additional compounds selected from HFC-125, HFC-134, HFC-134a, HFC-245cb, HFO-1225zc, HFO-1243zf, and HFO-1234yf, and optionally HFO-Z-1234ze.

28. 13. The fluoropropene composition of claim 12, comprising: E-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-E-1234ze), difluoromethane (HFC-32), 1,1,difluoromethane (HFC-152a), (i) one or more additional compounds selected from HFC-125, HFC-134, HFC-134a, HFC-245cb, HFO-1225zc, HFO-1243zf, and HFO-1234yf, wherein 5% to 95% by weight of E-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene is present and 95% to 5% by weight of HFC-32 and HFC-152a is present, based on the total weight of the composition, and the total amount of the one or more additional compounds is from greater than 0% to less than about 1% by weight, such that the total amount of the fluoropropene composition equals 100%.

29. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the replacement refrigerant is a composition comprising E-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-E-1234ze) and HFC-227ea, preferably up to 15 wt. % HFC-227ea, more preferably 8 to 13 wt. % HFC-227ea, based on the total weight of the composition.

30. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein the replacement refrigerant is a composition comprising 88 wt. % HFO-E-1234ze and 12 wt. % HFC-227ea, based on the total weight of the composition.

31. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein the replacement refrigerant is a composition comprising 91.1 wt. % HFO-E-1234ze and 8.9 wt. % R-227ea, based on the total weight of the composition.

32. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the replacement refrigerant is a composition comprising HFO-E-1234ze and HFC-152a, preferably up to 20 wt. % HFC-152a, more preferably 1 to 20 wt. % HFC-152a, based on the total weight of the composition.

33. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the replacement refrigerant is a composition comprising HFO-E-1234ze, HFC-32, and HFC-152a, preferably comprising up to about 15 wt. % HFC-32 and preferably up to about 10 wt. % HFC-152a, based on the total weight of the composition.

34. 34. The method of claim 33, wherein the replacement refrigerant is a composition comprising 83 wt. % HFO-E-1234ze, 12 wt. % HFC-32, and 5 wt. % HFC-152a, based on the total weight of the composition.

35. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the replacement refrigerant is a composition comprising HFO-E-1234ze, HFC-32, and HFC-134a, preferably a composition comprising up to about 10 wt. % HFC-32 and preferably up to about 50 wt. % HFC-134a, based on the total weight of the composition.

36. 36. The method of claim 35, wherein the replacement refrigerant is a composition comprising 49 wt. % HFO-E-1234ze, 6 wt. % HFC-32, and 45 wt. % HFC-134a, based on the total weight of the composition.

37. The replacement refrigerant is HFO-E-1234ze and CO ２ and HFC-134a, preferably up to about 10 wt. % CO based on the total weight of the composition. ２ and preferably up to about 15 wt. % HFC-134a.

38. The replacement refrigerant was 85 wt. % HFO-E-1234ze and 6 wt. % CO, based on the total weight of the composition. ２ and 9 wt. % HFC-134a.

39. 39. The method of any one of claims 12 and 22-38, wherein the composition further comprises an effective amount of at least one inhibitor that reduces the conversion of the fluoroolefin to oligomers or polymers.

40. 40. The method of claim 39, wherein the composition contains less than 1% by weight of oligomers, homopolymers, or other polymer products, preferably less than about 0.03% by weight of oligomers, homopolymers, or other polymer products.

41. 41. The method of any one of claims 39-40, wherein the inhibitor comprises at least one component selected from the group consisting of limonene, α-terpinene, α-tocopherol, butylated hydroxytoluene, 4-methoxyphenol, and benzene-1,4-diol.

42. 42. The method of any one of claims 39 to 41, wherein the inhibitor is at least one of limonene and alpha-terpinene.

43. 43. The method of any one of claims 39 to 42, wherein the inhibitor is present in an amount of about 30 to about 3,000 ppm.

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