Radio Frequency Exposure Management for Multiple Radios

Abstract

[0003] Techniques and apparatus for radio frequency (RF) exposure management for multiple radios are described. An example method of wireless communication by a wireless device generally includes determining a first exposure associated with a first radio for a first transmission in a first time interval, determining a first allowed transmit power associated with a second radio for a second time interval based at least in part on the first exposure associated with the first radio, and transmitting a first signal at the first transmit power in the second time interval using the second radio based on the first allowed transmit power.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] (CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS) This application claims priority to U.S. Application No. 18 / 545,751, filed December 19, 2023, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 476,618, filed December 21, 2022, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all applicable purposes.

[0002] Field of Disclosure Aspects of the present disclosure relate to wireless communications, and more particularly, to radio frequency (RF) exposure compliance.

[0003] 2. Description of Related Art Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various telecommunication services, such as telephone, video, data, messaging, and broadcasting. Modern wireless devices (e.g., cellular phones) are generally required to meet radio frequency (RF) exposure limits set by certain government and international standards and regulations. To ensure compliance with the standards, such devices typically undergo an extensive certification process before being released to market. To ensure that wireless devices comply with the RF exposure limits, techniques have been developed to enable wireless devices to assess RF exposure from the wireless device and accordingly adjust the transmit power of the wireless device to comply with the RF exposure limits. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The systems, methods, and devices of the present disclosure each have several aspects, no one of which is solely responsible for its desirable attributes. Without limiting the scope of the disclosure as expressed by the claims that follow, some features will now be briefly described. After considering this description, and particularly after reading the section entitled "Detailed Description," one will understand how the features of the present disclosure provide advantages, including improved wireless communication performance.

[0005] Some aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure may be implemented in a method of wireless communication by a wireless device. The method generally includes determining a first exposure associated with a first radio for a first transmission in a first time interval, determining a first allowed transmit power associated with a second radio for a second time interval based at least in part on the first exposure associated with the first radio, and transmitting a first signal at the first transmit power in the second time interval using the second radio based on the first allowed transmit power.

[0006] Some aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure may be implemented in an apparatus for wireless communications. The apparatus generally includes one or more memories that collectively store executable instructions and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories. The one or more processors are collectively configured to execute the executable instructions to cause the apparatus to determine a first exposure associated with a first radio for a first transmission in a first time interval, determine a first allowed transmit power associated with a second radio for a second time interval based at least in part on the first exposure associated with the first radio, and control transmission of a first signal at the first transmit power in the second time interval using the second radio based on the first allowed transmit power.

[0007] Some aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure may be implemented in an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus generally includes means for determining a first exposure associated with a first radio for a first transmission in a first time interval. The apparatus also includes means for determining a first allowed transmit power associated with a second radio for a second time interval based at least in part on the first exposure associated with the first radio. The apparatus further includes means for transmitting a first signal at the first transmit power in the second time interval using the second radio based on the first allowed transmit power.

[0008] Some aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be embodied in a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium has stored thereon instructions that, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform operations. The operations include determining a first exposure associated with a first radio for a first transmission during a first time interval. The operations also include determining a first allowed transmit power associated with a second radio for a second time interval based at least in part on the first exposure associated with the first radio. The operations further include transmitting a first signal at the first transmit power during the second time interval using the second radio based on the first allowed transmit power.

[0009] Other aspects provide an apparatus operable, configured, or otherwise adapted to perform any one or more of the foregoing methods and / or methods described elsewhere herein; a non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions that, when executed by a processor of the apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the foregoing methods and methods described elsewhere herein; a computer program product embodied on a computer-readable storage medium comprising code for performing the foregoing methods and methods described elsewhere herein; and / or an apparatus comprising means for performing the foregoing methods and methods described elsewhere herein. By way of example, the apparatus may include a processing system, a device having a processing system, or processing systems cooperating over one or more networks.

[0010] To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, the one or more aspects comprise the features hereinafter fully described and particularly pointed out in the claims. The following description and the annexed drawings set forth in detail certain illustrative features of the one or more aspects. These features are indicative, however, of but a few of the various ways in which the principles of various aspects may be employed.

[0011] So that the above-mentioned features of the present disclosure may be understood in detail, a more particular description briefly summarized above may be had by reference to embodiments, some of which are illustrated in the drawings. It should be noted, however, that the accompanying drawings illustrate only certain exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope of the present disclosure, as the description may be incorporated into other equally effective embodiments. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0012] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a block diagram conceptually illustrating an example wireless communication network. [Figure 2] FIG. 1 is a block diagram conceptually illustrating an exemplary base station (BS) and user equipment (UE) design. [Figure 3] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an exemplary radio frequency (RF) transceiver. [Figure 4A] 1 is a graph illustrating an example of transmit power over time in compliance with time-averaged RF exposure limits. [Figure 4B] 1 is a graph illustrating an example of transmit power over time in compliance with time-averaged RF exposure limits. [Figure 4C] 1 is a graph illustrating an example of transmit power over time in compliance with time-averaged RF exposure limits. [Figure 5] FIG. 1 is a diagram of an example processing architecture for allocating energy across multiple radios. [Figure 6A]FIG. 1 is a timing diagram illustrating an example of RF exposure management for a wireless device having two radios, in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure. [Figure 6B] FIG. 6B is a timing diagram illustrating an example of RF exposure management shown in FIG. 6A performed over a time window (T) associated with a time-averaged RF exposure limit, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 7A] FIG. 1 is a timing diagram illustrating an example of RF exposure management for a wireless device having three radios, in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure. [Figure 7B] FIG. 7B is a timing diagram illustrating an example of RF exposure management shown in FIG. 7A performed over a time window (T) associated with a time-averaged RF exposure limit, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 8] FIG. 10 is a flow diagram illustrating example operations for wireless communication by a wireless device in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure. [Figure 9] 1 illustrates a communications device (e.g., a UE) that may include various components configured to perform operations for the techniques disclosed herein, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.

[0013] For ease of understanding, the same reference numbers have been used, where possible, to designate identical elements common to the figures. It is contemplated that elements disclosed in one embodiment may be beneficially utilized on other embodiments without specific recitation. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0014] Aspects of the present disclosure provide an apparatus, method, processing system, and computer-readable medium for radio frequency (RF) exposure management for multiple radios.

[0015] In some cases, a wireless device may be equipped with multiple radios for wireless communications, such as code division multiple access (CDMA), Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA), Fifth Generation New Radio (5G NR), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11, Bluetooth, non-terrestrial networks, etc. For example, some wireless devices may support multi-mode (e.g., E-UTRA and 5G NR, 5G NR and IEEE 802.11, etc.) and / or multi-band (e.g., sub-6 gigahertz (GHz) bands and millimeter-wave (mmWave) bands) communications via multiple transmit antennas (or radios) for simultaneous or concurrent transmissions. To ensure compliance with RF exposure limits, a wireless device may limit the maximum combined instantaneous transmit power for multi-mode / multi-band communications. To account for multiple radio communications, a wireless device may be configured with a maximum allowed transmit power per radio for each transmission scenario, including single-radio and multi-radio scenarios (e.g., multi-mode / multi-band scenarios), where a transmission scenario may correspond to one or more radios, one or more bands, one or more antennas, and / or one or more exposure scenarios (e.g., head exposure, extremity exposure, body exposure, or hot spot exposure) used for transmission(s) in a time interval. The wireless device may be configured with a look-up table of maximum allowed transmit powers corresponding to various transmission scenarios, where the wireless device may use a particular value(s) of maximum allowed transmit power from the look-up table depending on the transmission scenario.In the case of a multi-radio scenario, the lookup table can have pre-bounded backoffs for each of the radios.

[0016] Aspects of the present disclosure provide apparatus and methods for RF exposure management for multiple radios. A wireless device may sequentially evaluate RF exposure compliance for each radio such that a composite transmit power determined for each radio at different time intervals in a sequence of time intervals complies with RF exposure limits. For example, for a future time interval, the wireless device may determine a transmit power for a first radio based on past RF exposures generated by a second radio at a past time interval. The transmit power for the first radio may be the remaining transmit power available for transmission at the future time interval after accounting for past RF exposures generated by the second radio. The wireless device may continue to perform such multi-radio exposure evaluations. For example, the wireless device may first determine the RF exposure and corresponding transmit power of one radio associated with a first time interval (e.g., one radio is a higher priority or primary radio), and any remaining available RF exposure may be used for another radio (e.g., a lower priority or secondary radio) at a second time interval following the first time interval. The wireless device may extend the sequential exposure evaluation to any number of radios. For example, a third time interval (which may be the same as or different from the second time interval) may be used for a third radio (e.g., a lower priority or tertiary radio) that may use the remaining exposure left over from the combined exposure of the first and second radios.

[0017] The apparatus and methods for multi-radio RF exposure management described herein can facilitate improved wireless communication performance (e.g., improved signal quality at a receiver, reduced latency, increased throughput, etc.). For example, multi-radio RF exposure management can enable a wireless device to evaluate RF exposure for each time interval and distribute any remaining exposure to other radios. Multi-radio RF exposure management can enable a wireless device to select a relatively higher priority radio for prioritized allocation of exposure, thereby improving wireless communication performance for a particular radio.

[0018] As used herein, a radio may refer to one or more active bands, transceivers, and / or radio access technologies (RATs) (e.g., Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Long Term Evolution (LTE), NR, IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth, etc.) used for wireless communication. For example, in the case of uplink carrier aggregation or dual connectivity in LTE and / or NR, each of the active component carriers (or serving cells) used for wireless communication may be treated as a separate radio. Similarly, multi-band transmissions for IEEE 802.11 communication may be treated as a separate radio for each band (e.g., 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, or 6 GHz).

[0019] The following description provides examples of RF exposure compliance in a communication system and does not limit the scope, applicability, or examples set forth in the claims. Changes may be made in the function and arrangement of the elements described without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Various embodiments may omit, substitute, or add various procedures or components as appropriate. For example, the methods described may be performed in an order different from that described, and various steps may be added, omitted, or combined. Also, features described with respect to some embodiments may be combined in some other embodiments. For example, an apparatus may be implemented or a method may be performed using any number of the aspects described herein. Additionally, the scope of the present disclosure is intended to encompass apparatuses or methods that are practiced using other structure, functions, or structure and functions in addition to or other than the various aspects of the present disclosure described herein. It should be understood that any aspect of the present disclosure disclosed herein may be embodied by one or more elements of a claim. The word "exemplary" is used herein to mean "serving as an example, instance, or illustration." Any aspect described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects.

[0020] Generally, any number of wireless networks may be deployed in a given geographic area. Each wireless network may support a particular radio access technology (RAT) and may operate on one or more frequencies. A RAT may also be referred to as a radio technology, air interface, etc. A frequency may also be referred to as a carrier, subcarrier, frequency channel, tone, subband, etc. Each frequency may support a single RAT or multiple RATs in a given geographic area to avoid interference between wireless networks of different RATs.

[0021] The techniques described herein may be used for a variety of wireless networks and radio technologies. Although aspects may be described herein using terminology commonly associated with 3G, 4G, and / or new radio (e.g., 5G NR) wireless technologies, aspects of the present disclosure may be applied in other generation-based communication systems and / or to wireless technologies such as 802.11, 802.15, etc.

[0022] NR access can support various wireless communication services, such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), which targets wide bandwidths (e.g., 80 megahertz (MHz) or greater); millimeter wave, which targets high carrier frequencies (e.g., 24 GHz to 53 GHz or greater); massive machine type communications (mMTC), which targets non-backward compatible MTC technologies; and / or mission critical, which targets ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC). These services may include latency and reliability requirements. These services may also have different transmission time intervals (TTIs) to meet their respective quality of service (QoS) requirements. In addition, these services may coexist in the same subframe. NR supports beamforming, and the beam direction may be dynamically configured. Multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) transmission using precoding is supported, and multi-layer transmission may also be supported. Aggregation of multiple cells may be supported.

[0023] Exemplary Wireless Communication Networks and Devices 1 illustrates an example wireless communication network 100 in which aspects of the present disclosure may be implemented. For example, the wireless communication network 100 may be an NR system (e.g., a 5G NR network), an Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) system (e.g., a 4G network), a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) (e.g., a Second Generation (2G) / Third Generation (3G) network), or a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) system (e.g., a 2G / 3G network), or may be configured for communication according to an IEEE standard, such as one or more of the 802.11 standard. As shown in FIG. 1, a UE 120a includes an RF exposure manager 122 that ensures RF exposure compliance across multiple radios in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0024] As shown in FIG. 1, wireless communication network 100 may include several BSs 110a-110z (each also referred to individually or collectively herein as BSs 110) and other network entities. BSs 110 may provide communication coverage for a particular geographic area, sometimes referred to as a “cell,” which may be stationary or may move according to the location of a mobile BS. In some examples, BSs 110 may be interconnected via various types of backhaul interfaces (e.g., direct physical connections, wireless connections, virtual networks, etc.) using any suitable transport network and / or to one or more other BSs or network nodes (not shown) in wireless communication network 100. In the example shown in FIG. 1, BSs 110a, 110b, and 110c may be macro BSs of macro cells 102a, 102b, and 102c, respectively. BS 110x may be a pico BS of pico cell 102x. BS 110y and BS 110z may be femto BSs in femto cells 102y and 102z, respectively. A BS may support one or multiple cells.

[0025] The BS 110 communicates with UEs 120a through 120y (each also referred to herein individually as a UE 120 or collectively as a UE 120) within the wireless communication network 100. The UEs 120 (e.g., 120x, 120y, etc.) may be dispersed throughout the wireless communication network 100, and each UE 120 may be stationary or mobile. The wireless communication network 100 may also include a relay station (e.g., relay station 110r), which may also be referred to as a relay, receive transmissions of data and / or other information from an upstream station (e.g., the BS 110a or the UE 120r), forward transmissions of data and / or other information to a downstream station (e.g., the UE 120 or the BS 110), or relay transmissions between the UEs 120 to facilitate communication between the devices.

[0026] A network controller 130 may communicate with the set of BSs 110 and provide coordination and control for these BSs 110 (e.g., via a backhaul). In some cases, the network controller 130 may include, for example, a centralized unit (CU) and / or a distributed unit (DU) in a 5G NR system. In some aspects, the network controller 130 may be in communication with a core network 132 (e.g., a 5G Core Network (5GC)), which provides various network functions such as access and mobility management, session management, user plane functions, policy control functions, authentication server functions, integrated data management, application functions, network exposure functions, network repository functions, and network slice selection functions.

[0027] The term “beam” can be used in various contexts in this disclosure. A beam can be used to refer to a set of gains and / or phases (e.g., precoding weights or cophasing weights) applied to antenna elements of a UE and / or BS for transmission or reception. The term “beam” can also refer to an antenna or radiation pattern of a signal transmitted while applying gain and / or phase to the antenna elements. Other references to a beam can include one or more characteristics or parameters associated with an antenna (radiation) pattern, such as angle of arrival (AoA), angle of departure (AoD), gain, phase, directivity, beamwidth, beam direction (relative to a reference plane) in terms of azimuth and elevation, peak-to-sidelobe ratio, or antenna port associated with the antenna (radiation) pattern. The term “beam” can also refer to an associated number and / or configuration of antenna elements (e.g., a uniform linear array, a uniform rectangular array, or other uniform array).

[0028] FIG. 2 illustrates example components of a BS 110a and a UE 120a (eg, wireless communication network 100 of FIG. 1) that may be used to implement aspects of the present disclosure.

[0029] At the BS 110a, the transmit processor 220 may receive data from the data source 212 and control information from the controller / processor 240. The control information may be for a physical broadcast channel (PBCH), a physical control format indicator channel (PCFICH), a physical hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) indicator channel (PHICH), a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), a group common PDCCH (GC PDCCH), etc. The data may be for a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), etc. A medium access control (MAC) control element (MAC-CE) is a MAC layer communication structure that may be used for control command exchange between wireless nodes. The MAC-CE may be carried in a shared channel, such as a PDSCH, a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), or a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH).

[0030] The processor 220 may process (e.g., encode and symbol map) the data and control information to obtain data symbols and control symbols, respectively. The transmit processor 220 may also generate reference symbols, such as for a primary synchronization signal (PSS), a secondary synchronization signal (SSS), a PBCH demodulation reference signal (DMRS), and a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS). The transmit (TX) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) processor 230 may perform spatial processing (e.g., precoding) on ​​the data symbols, control symbols, and / or reference symbols, if applicable, and may provide output symbol streams to modulators (MODs) within the transceivers 232a through 232t. Each modulator within transceiver 232a through 232t may process a respective output symbol stream (e.g., for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), etc.) to obtain an output sample stream. Each of transceivers 232a through 232t may further process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, and upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain a downlink signal. The downlink signals from transceivers 232a through 232t may be transmitted via antennas 234a through 234t, respectively.

[0031] At UE 120a, antennas 252a through 252r may receive downlink (DL) signals from BS 110a and may provide received signals to transceivers 254a through 254r, respectively. Transceivers 254a through 254r may condition (e.g., filter, amplify, downconvert, and digitize) their respective received signals to obtain input samples. Each demodulator (DEMOD) in transceivers 232a through 232t may further process the input samples (e.g., for OFDM, etc.) to obtain received symbols. A MIMO detector 256 may obtain received symbols from all demodulators in transceivers 254a through 254r, perform MIMO detection on the received symbols if applicable, and provide detected symbols. A receive processor 258 may process (e.g., demodulate, deinterleave, and decode) the detected symbols, provide decoded data for UE 120a to a data sink 260, and provide decoded control information to a controller / processor 280.

[0032] On the uplink, at the UE 120a, a transmit processor 264 may receive and process data from a data source 262 (e.g., for a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH)) and control information from a controller / processor 280 (e.g., for a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH)). The transmit processor 264 may also generate reference symbols for a reference signal (e.g., for a sounding reference signal (SRS)). The symbols from the transmit processor 264 may be precoded by a TX MIMO processor 266, if applicable, further processed by modulators (MODs) in transceivers 254a through 254r (e.g., for single-carrier frequency division multiplexing (SC-FDM)), and transmitted to the BS 110a. At BS 110a, uplink (UL) signals from UE 120a may be received by antenna 234, processed by demodulators within transceivers 232a-232t, detected by a MIMO detector 236 if applicable, and further processed by a receive processor 238 to obtain decoded data and control information sent by UE 120a. Receive processor 238 may provide the decoded data to a data sink 239 and the decoded control information to a controller / processor 240.

[0033] Memories 242 and 282 may store data and program codes for BS 110a and UE 120a, respectively. Scheduler 244 may schedule UEs for data transmission on the downlink and / or uplink.

[0034] Antenna 252, processors 266, 258, 264, and / or controller / processor 280 of UE 120a and / or antenna 234, processors 220, 230, 238, and / or controller / processor 240 of BS 110a may be used to implement various techniques and methods described herein. As shown in FIG. 2, controller / processor 280 of UE 120a includes RF exposure manager 281, which represents RF exposure manager 122, in accordance with aspects described herein. Although shown in a controller / processor, other components of UE 120a and BS 110a may be used to perform the operations described herein.

[0035] NR may utilize OFDM with cyclic prefix (CP) on the uplink and downlink. NR may support half-duplex operation using time division duplexing (TDD). OFDM and SC-FDM partition the system bandwidth into multiple orthogonal subcarriers, commonly referred to as tones, bins, etc. Each subcarrier may be modulated with data. Modulation symbols may be sent in the frequency domain with OFDM and in the time domain with SC-FDM. The spacing between adjacent subcarriers may be fixed, and the total number of subcarriers may depend on the system bandwidth. The system bandwidth may also be partitioned into subbands. For example, a subband may cover multiple resource blocks (RBs).

[0036] 1 and 2 as communicating with a BS and / or within a network, the UE 120a may be configured to communicate / transmit directly to another UE 120 or another wireless device without relaying the communication through a network. In some aspects, the BS 110a shown in FIG. 2 and described above is an example of another UE 120.

[0037] Exemplary RF Transceiver 3 is a block diagram of an example RF transceiver circuit 300 according to certain aspects of the present disclosure. The RF transceiver circuit 300 includes at least one transmit (TX) path 302 (also referred to as a transmit chain) for transmitting signals via one or more antennas 306 and at least one receive (RX) path 304 (also referred to as a receive chain) for receiving signals via the antenna 306. When the TX path 302 and the RX path 304 share the antenna 306, these paths may be connected to the antenna via an interface 308, which may include any of a variety of suitable RF devices, such as a switch, a duplexer, a diplexer, a multiplexer, etc.

[0038] The TX path 302, which receives an in-phase (I) or quadrature (Q) baseband analog signal from a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) 310, may include a baseband filter (BBF) 312, a mixer 314, a driver amplifier (DA) 316, and a power amplifier (PA) 318. The BBF 312, mixer 314, and DA 316 may be included within one or more radio frequency integrated circuits (RFICs). The PA 318 may be external to the RFIC(s) in some implementations.

[0039] The BBF 312 filters the baseband signal received from the DAC 310, and the mixer 314 mixes the filtered baseband signal with a transmit local oscillator (LO) signal to translate the baseband signal of interest to a different frequency (e.g., upconvert from baseband to radio frequency). This frequency translation process generates sum and difference frequencies between the LO frequency and the frequency of the baseband signal of interest. The sum and difference frequencies are called beat frequencies. Because the beat frequency is generally in the RF range, the signal output by the mixer 314 is generally an RF signal and can be amplified by the DA 316 and / or the PA 318 before being transmitted by the antenna 306. Although one mixer 314 is shown, several mixers can be used to upconvert the filtered baseband signal to one or more intermediate frequencies and then upconvert the intermediate frequency signal to a frequency for transmission.

[0040] The RX path 304 may include a low noise amplifier (LNA) 324, a mixer 326, and a baseband filter (BBF) 328. The LNA 324, mixer 326, and BBF 328 may be included in one or more RFICs, which may or may not be the same RFICs that include the TX path components. RF signals received via the antenna 306 are amplified by the LNA 324, and the mixer 326 may mix the amplified RF signal with a receive local oscillator (LO) signal to translate (e.g., downconvert) the RF signal of interest to a different baseband frequency. The baseband signal output by the mixer 326 may be filtered by the BBF 328 before being converted to digital I or Q signals by an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 330 for digital signal processing.

[0041] Some transceivers may employ a frequency synthesizer with a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) to generate a stable, tunable LO frequency with a specific tuning range. Thus, the transmit LO frequency may be generated by a TX frequency synthesizer 320, and the transmit LO frequency may be buffered or amplified by an amplifier 322 before being mixed with the baseband signal in a mixer 314. Similarly, the receive LO frequency may be generated by a RX frequency synthesizer 332, and the receive LO frequency may be buffered or amplified by an amplifier 334 before being mixed with the RF signal in a mixer 326.

[0042] A controller 336 may direct operation of the RF transceiver circuitry 300, such as transmitting signals via the TX path 302 and / or receiving signals via the RX path 304. The controller 336 may be a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device (PLD), discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof. The memory 338 may store data and program code for operating the RF transceiver circuitry 300. The controller 336 and / or the memory 338 may include control logic. In some cases, the controller 336 may determine the transmit power applied to the TX path 302 (e.g., some level of gain applied to the BBF 312, the DA 316, and / or the PA 318) that complies with RF exposure limits set by country-specific regulations and / or international standards, as further described herein.

[0043] Exemplary RF Exposure Compliance RF exposure can be expressed in units of Specific Absorption Rate (SAR), which measures energy absorption per unit mass by human tissue and can have units of watts per kilogram (W / kg). RF exposure also measures energy absorption per unit area and can be expressed in milliwatts per square centimeter (mW / cm). 2 It can be expressed in units of power density (PD), which can have units of 1 / 2 GHz. In some cases, maximum permissible exposure (MPE) limits are imposed in PD units for wireless devices using transmission frequencies above 6 GHz. MPE limits are based on regulatory standards for area-based exposure, e.g., watts per square meter (W / m), averaged over a defined area and time-averaged over a frequency-dependent time window to prevent human exposure hazards represented by tissue temperature changes. 2 ) is the energy density limit, defined as the number X of

[0044] SAR can be used to assess RF exposure for transmission frequencies below 6 GHz, which covers wireless communication technologies such as 2G / 3G (e.g., CDMA), 4G (e.g., LTE), 5G (e.g., NR in the 6 GHz band), IEEE 802.11ac, etc. PD can be used to assess RF exposure for transmission frequencies above 6 GHz, which covers wireless communication technologies such as IEEE 802.11ad, 802.11ay, and 5G in the millimeter wave band. Thus, various metrics can be used to assess RF exposure for different wireless communication technologies.

[0045] A wireless device (e.g., UE 120) may simultaneously transmit signals using multiple wireless communication technologies. For example, a wireless device may simultaneously transmit signals using a first wireless communication technology operating at or below 6 GHz (e.g., 3G, 4G, 5G, etc.) and a second wireless communication technology operating above 6 GHz (e.g., mmWave 5G, IEEE 802.11ad, or 802.11ay in the 24-60 GHz band). In some aspects, a wireless device may simultaneously transmit signals using a first wireless communication technology in which RF exposure is measured in SAR units (e.g., 3G, 4G, 5G in the sub-6 GHz band, IEEE 802.11ac, etc.) and a second wireless communication technology in which RF exposure is measured in PD units (e.g., 5G in the 24-60 GHz band, IEEE 802.11ad, 802.11ay, etc.). As used herein, the sub-6 GHz band may, in some examples, include frequency bands between 300 and 6000 MHz, and in some examples, may include bands in the range of 6000 MHz and / or 7000 MHz.

[0046] In some cases, compliance with RF exposure limits may be performed as a time-averaged RF exposure assessment within a specified time window (T) associated with the RF exposure limit (e.g., 2 seconds for mmWave or 60 GHz bands, 100 seconds or 360 seconds for bands ≦6 GHz, etc.).

[0047] 4A is a graph 400A of transmit power (P(t)) over time, varying over a time window (T) associated with a time-averaged RF exposure limit, in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure. As an example, the instantaneous transmit power may be varied over several transmit occasions within the time window (T) to a maximum time-averaged transmit power level (P(t)). limit ) In some cases, the maximum time-averaged transmit power level may take into account uncertainties in the transceiver circuitry, such as temperature drift, component aging, etc. The transmit power may exceed the maximum time-averaged transmit power level P limitIn some cases, the UE may transmit at Pmax, which is the maximum transmit power supported by the UE. In some cases, the UE may transmit at a maximum time-averaged transmit power level P limit The maximum time-averaged transmit power level P limit represents the time-averaged threshold in transmit power units for RF exposure limits over a time window (T), and in some cases, P limit is sometimes referred to as the maximum time-average power level or limit, or the maximum time-average RF exposure level or limit in exposure units. limit may correspond to the maximum allowed transmit power described herein. Graph 400A also shows gaps between transmission bursts, which represent periods of time during which no transmissions were output from the device.

[0048] In some cases, the transmit power may be set to a maximum time-averaged transmit power level (e.g., P ) allowed for RF exposure compliance that allows for continuous transmission during a time window. limit ) can be maintained at P limit 4B is a graph 400B of transmit power over time (P(t)) illustrating one example where the UE is limited to P(t) in accordance with RF exposure limits. limit It can be transmitted continuously.

[0049] 4C is a graph 400C of transmit power (P(t)) over time illustrating a time-averaged mode that provides reserve power to enable continuous transmission within a time window (T), in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure. As shown, a UE may use a lower power (P reserve ), the transmission power is set to the maximum instantaneous power (P max ) to reserve power (P reserve ) can be backed off. In Figure 4C, max P for the duration of maxand P reserve The area between the transmit power (P(t)) in FIG. 4C and the time window T is P(t) limit P during the time window T so that the area of limit and P reserve Such an area can be considered using 100% of the energy (transmit power or exposure) to remain compliant with the time-averaged RF exposure limits. reserve In the absence of P, the transmitter must be in P mode for a portion of the time window to ensure compliance with the time-averaged RF exposure limits. max In some aspects, P reserve is set to a fixed power used to serve a purpose (e.g., to reserve power for some communications). max The duration of transmission at P is sometimes called the burst transmission time (or high power duration). When more margin becomes available in the future (T seconds later), the transmitter can transmit again at a higher power (e.g., P max The IEEE 802.11 standard may be enabled to transmit (in short bursts at 1 MHz).

[0050] In some aspects, the UE may transmit a signal at a higher than average power level in the time-averaged mode shown in FIG. max Although a single transmission burst is shown in FIG. 4C, the UE may instead utilize multiple transmission bursts within a time window (T), e.g., as described herein with respect to FIG. 4A, where the transmission bursts have a transmit power of P reserve It will be appreciated that the transmit power of each transmission burst may be separated by a period maintained at: Furthermore, the transmit power of each transmission burst may vary (within the burst and / or relative to other bursts), with at least a portion of the burst being at a maximum average power level (e.g., P limit ) can be transmitted at a power greater than 100 .mu.m.

[0051] 4A-4C depict continuous transmission over a window, occasion, burst, etc., it will be appreciated that a duty cycle for transmission may be implemented. In such implementations, the transmit power may be zero periodically and maintained at a higher level (e.g., the level shown in FIGS. 4A-4C) during other portions of the duty cycle. As used herein, a duty cycle of transmission may refer to a portion (e.g., 5 ms) of a particular period (e.g., 500 ms) during which one or more signals are transmitted. In some cases, the duty cycle may be standardized (e.g., predetermined) with a particular RAT and / or may vary over time due to, for example, changes in radio conditions, mobility, and / or user behavior.

[0052] In some cases, wireless communication devices may have a maximum allowable transmit power (P limit ) can be used to assess RF exposure compliance. The maximum allowed transmit power may correspond to a transmit power that meets the time-averaged RF exposure limit, assuming that the wireless device is transmitting for the entire duration of the time window associated with the time-averaged RF exposure limit (e.g., 2 seconds for the mmWave or 60 GHz band, 100 or 360 seconds for bands ≦6 GHz, etc.), as shown in FIG. 4B . To ensure compliance with the time-averaged RF exposure limit, the wireless device may allow the transmit power to be less than or equal to the maximum allowed transmit power. Such a scheme may facilitate a simplified RF exposure assessment without having to determine a rolling average of RF exposure during a given time window associated with the time-averaged RF exposure limit, and this scheme may be referred to as a non-averaged RF exposure assessment.

[0053] In some cases, a wireless device may be equipped with multiple radios for wireless communications such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA), Fifth Generation New Radio (5G NR), IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth, non-terrestrial networks, etc. For example, some wireless devices may support multi-mode (e.g., E-UTRA and 5G NR, 5G NR and IEEE 802.11, etc.) and / or multi-band (e.g., sub-6 GHz band and mmWave band) communications via multiple transmit antennas (or radios) for simultaneous or concurrent transmissions. To ensure compliance with RF exposure limits, a wireless device may limit the maximum combined instantaneous transmit power for multi-mode / multi-band communications.

[0054] To account for multi-radio communications, a wireless device can be configured with a maximum allowed transmit power per radio for each transmission scenario, including a multi-radio scenario (e.g., a multi-mode / multi-band scenario), where a transmission scenario can correspond to one or more radios, one or more bands, one or more antennas, and / or one or more exposure scenarios (e.g., head exposure, extremity exposure, body exposure, or hot spot exposure) used for transmission(s) in a time interval. The wireless device can be configured with a lookup table of maximum allowed transmit power per radio corresponding to various transmission scenarios, where the wireless device can use a particular value(s) of maximum allowed transmit power per radio from the lookup table depending on the transmission scenario. For a multi-radio scenario, the lookup table can include a pre-limited backoff (or pre-adjusted P) for each of the radios. limits ) can be included.

[0055] As an example, assuming a wireless device has two radios, the wireless device may have values ​​of maximum allowed transmit power for a first radio and a second radio for transmission scenario(s) when the radios are used simultaneously or in the same time interval. The wireless device may have a value of maximum allowed transmit power associated with the first radio for transmission scenarios when only the first radio is used, and the wireless device may have another value of maximum allowed transmit power associated with the second radio for transmission scenarios when only the second radio is used. The wireless device may have maximum allowed transmit power for each radio for different bands, different antennas, and / or different exposure scenarios.

[0056] Because the total transmit power that meets RF exposure limits can vary depending on the transmit scenario (e.g., band, antenna, exposure scenario, etc.), a wireless device can be configured with values ​​for the maximum allowable transmit power per radio for multiple transmit scenarios. Because the maximum allowable transmit power per radio for each transmit scenario is determined under RF exposure testing, performing the tests for each transmit scenario and entering the values ​​for the maximum allowable transmit power per radio into a lookup table requires time and other resources (e.g., test equipment and / or simulation data). Additionally, such lookup tables may use a certain amount of memory storage on the wireless device.

[0057] Exemplary RF Exposure Management for Multiple Radios Aspects of the present disclosure provide apparatus and methods for multi-radio RF exposure management, for example, without pre-populating a lookup table with separate power limits for radios in a multi-radio scenario. A wireless device can sequentially evaluate RF exposure compliance for each radio such that the combined transmit power determined for each radio at different time intervals in a sequence of time intervals complies with RF exposure limits. For example, the wireless device can first determine the RF exposure and corresponding transmit power of one radio associated with a first time interval (e.g., one radio is a higher priority or primary radio), and any remaining available RF exposure can be used for another radio (e.g., a lower priority or secondary radio) in a second time interval following the first time interval. The wireless device can extend the sequential exposure assessment to any number of radios. For example, a third time interval (which may be the same as or different from the second time interval) can be used for a third radio (e.g., an even lower priority or tertiary radio), which can use the remaining exposure left over from the combined exposure of the first and second radios. Unlike some pre-populated static lookup tables, the maximum allowed transmit power for a second, lower priority radio may not be pre-limited based on the maximum allowed transmit power for a first, higher priority radio for a given transmission scenario and may not be stored as a pair of allowed transmit powers in the lookup table for this scenario.

[0058] Apparatuses and methods for multi-radio RF exposure management described herein can facilitate improved wireless communication performance (e.g., improved signal quality at the receiver, reduced latency, increased throughput, etc.) by potentially allowing higher transmit power per radio compared to other solutions. For example, multi-radio RF exposure management can enable a wireless device to evaluate RF exposure for each time interval and distribute any remaining exposure to other radios. Multi-radio RF exposure management can enable a wireless device to select high-priority radios for prioritized allocation of exposure, thereby improving wireless communication performance of particular radios, e.g., the high-priority radios and / or other radios. Multi-radio RF exposure management can enable a wireless device to reduce the size of a lookup table of maximum allowed transmit power. Multi-radio RF exposure management can enable wireless device manufacturers to avoid performing exposure tests for multi-radio exposure scenarios and populating complex lookup tables as previously described herein. The wireless device may store maximum allowed transmit power per radio for various transmit scenarios (e.g., bands, antennas, exposure scenarios, etc.) associated with a single radio, instead of various radio combinations (e.g., first radio only, second radio only, and / or first radio and second radio combination) with pre-entered static limits for each radio for a given transmit scenario.

[0059] In some aspects, multi-radio RF exposure management can be performed using a centralized processing architecture, for example, in a modem (and / or processor) associated with one or more radios. FIG. 5 is a diagram of an example processing architecture 500 for allocating energy across multiple radios in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure. For example, radios 502a-d (e.g., radio 1, radio 2, etc.) of a wireless device can report past RF exposure usage (or generation) to an RF exposure manager 510 (e.g., similar to RF exposure manager 122 of FIG. 1), which can provide allowed transmit powers (e.g., maximum allowed instantaneous transmit powers) associated with time intervals to radios 502a-d that will be transmitting in that time interval. RF exposure manager 510 can determine the allowed transmit powers using continuous exposure assessments, as described further herein.

[0060] It should be understood that the RF exposure manager 510 and / or radio illustrated in processing architecture 500 can be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of both. For example, the RF exposure manager 510 and / or radio included in processing architecture 500 can be implemented in a modem, RF circuitry (e.g., a transceiver), memory blocks, registers, processing blocks, and / or instructions (e.g., software code or executable instructions). The executable instructions can be stored in a memory and executed on a processor (e.g., an application processor and / or a modem processor).

[0061] 6A is a timing diagram 600A illustrating one example of RF exposure management for a wireless device (e.g., UE 120) having two radios. In this example, the wireless device may have an RF exposure manager (e.g., RF exposure manager 510 of FIG. 5), a first radio (e.g., radio 1 of FIG. 5), and a second radio (e.g., radio 2 of FIG. 5), for example, as described herein with respect to FIG. 5. The radios may be transmitting (or may be expected to be transmitting) during the same period, such that evaluation of RF exposure compliance takes into account the transmission activity of both radios. For example, the RF exposure manager may determine the maximum allowed transmit power (P ) associated with the current transmission scenario (e.g., frequency band, antenna, exposure scenario, etc.) for the first radio. limit ), and the RF exposure manager may select P for the first radio, such as RF circuitry (e.g., transceiver circuitry 300) associated with the first radio. limit The RF exposure manager may provide a P associated with the first radio for various transmission scenarios as described herein. limit P from a lookup table containing the values ​​of limit The first radio may select a first time interval 602 (Δt i ) in the corresponding P limit The RF exposure manager may obtain from the first radio a transmit power report associated with the first radio during the first time interval 602. The transmit power report may include (or may indicate) the transmit power(s) 604 used by the first radio in the first time interval 602. For example, the transmit power report may include an average transmit power used by the first radio during the first time interval 602.

[0062] The RF exposure manager continues for a second time interval 606 (Δt i+1), where the second time interval 606 is adjacent to and follows the first time interval 602 in time. In some cases, the second time interval 606 may follow the first time interval 602 in time without being adjacent to the first time interval 602. When the RF exposure manager is determining the maximum allowed instantaneous transmit power 608, the second time interval 606 may be a future time interval. The first time interval 602 and the second time interval 606 may be in a sequence of time intervals, such that the first time interval 602 and the second time interval 606 are consecutive time intervals in the sequence. To determine the maximum allowed instantaneous transmit power 608 for the second radio, the RF exposure manager may determine a normalized exposure associated with the first radio for the first time interval 602. The normalized exposure (norm.exposure.first) associated with the first radio may be determined according to the following equation:

[0063]

number

[0064] The RF exposure manager can determine an exposure margin (norm.exposure.margin.sec) associated with the second radio based on the normalized exposure associated with the first radio, where the exposure margin is the remaining exposure available for the second radio. The exposure margin can be determined according to the following formula:

[0065]

number

[0066] The RF exposure manager may determine a maximum allowed instantaneous transmit power (MAIP_sec) associated with the second radio based on the exposure margin. For example, the maximum allowed instantaneous transmit power associated with the second radio may be determined according to the following equation:

[0067]

number

[0068] The RF exposure manager may provide the determined maximum allowed instantaneous transmit power for the second time interval to RF circuitry (e.g., transceiver circuitry) associated with the second radio. The sum of the normalized exposure associated with the first radio in the first time interval 602 and the normalized exposure associated with the second radio in the second time interval 606 meets an RF exposure limit (e.g., a normalized limit of 1). For example, the sum of the normalized exposures of the first radio and the second radio may be less than the normalized limit (e.g., 1). In some cases, as described further herein, a reserve may be maintained for one or more other radio(s), such as the second radio or a third radio. In some cases, the wireless device may transmit another signal at transmit power 610 in the second time interval 606 using the first radio. Such a transmission may be used to determine a transmit power for the second radio in the next time interval (not shown), for example, as described herein with respect to FIG. 6B.

[0069] In some aspects, the RF exposure manager can determine the maximum allowed instantaneous transmit power based on a duty cycle associated with the radio. The duty cycle can indicate the maximum amount of time the radio is expected to transmit in a period of time. In some cases, the duty cycle can be configured according to a particular radio access technology, such as a time division duplex (TDD) uplink-downlink pattern associated with Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), LTE, and / or NR. As an example, for the first time interval 602, the RF exposure manager can determine the maximum allowed instantaneous transmit power (MAIP_first) associated with the first radio according to the following equation:

[0070]

number

[0071]

number

[0072] RF exposure management as described herein allows a wireless device to determine the maximum allowed transmit power (P) for various transmit scenarios (e.g., frequency bands, antennas, exposure scenarios, etc.) per radio without, for example, multi-radio combinations with pre-limited transmit power per radio. limit ) to store a time-averaged RF exposure limit. The described RF exposure management may enable a wireless device to take into account the actual transmit power used by a priority radio to determine a maximum allowable instantaneous transmit power associated with a secondary radio. The RF exposure management described herein may be applied in conjunction with a time-averaged implementation for RF exposure compliance, for example, as described herein with respect to FIGS. 4A-4C. For example, a wireless device may switch between performing the RF exposure management described herein and applying a time-averaged implementation. A time-averaged implementation may enable a wireless device to determine a time-averaged RF exposure limit (e.g., P ) based on the historical transmit power(s) in a time window associated with the RF exposure limit. limit ) for a future time interval.

[0073] In some aspects, a wireless device may have antennas arranged in antenna groups, which may include one or more antennas (or antenna modules) associated with one or more radios. The antenna groups may be configured and / or operate to be mutually exclusive of one another with respect to RF exposure. That is, RF exposure generated by one antenna group may not contribute to RF exposure generated by another antenna group, for example, because the antenna groups are located at different locations of the wireless device. RF exposure compliance and corresponding transmit power levels may be determined separately for each antenna group, allowing multiple antenna groups to transmit in the same time period. RF exposure compliance for antenna groups may be performed in parallel (e.g., together at the same time). In some cases, a wireless device may perform multi-radio RF exposure management as described herein with respect to antenna groups. The wireless device may store a maximum allowed transmit power associated with a radio for each antenna group, and the wireless device may evaluate RF exposure compliance for multiple radios for each antenna group. For example, for transmissions involving antennas from different antenna groups in the same time period, the radios associated with the antenna groups may be configured and / or operated ... limit ) can be sent.

[0074] The multi-radio RF exposure management described herein uses normalized exposure and normalized energy allocation so that wireless devices can be assessed for RF exposure compliance across various frequency bands having different RF exposure limits, such as sub-6 GHz bands and / or millimeter wave bands. As an example, a first radio can be configured to transmit signals in the sub-6 GHz band and a second radio can be configured to transmit signals in the millimeter wave band.

[0075] In some aspects, the RF exposure manager may select a first radio from among multiple radios (e.g., Radio 1-Radio 4 of FIG. 5 ) that have transmissions to output during the first time interval 602. For example, the RF exposure manager may identify that the first radio is to be prioritized over other radios to be allocated energy during the first time interval 602. The priority associated with the radio may be based on one or more criteria, such as, by way of illustrative, non-limiting examples, duty cycle, frequency band, quality of service (QoS) characteristics (e.g., latency, data rate, priority level, etc.), and service type (e.g., URLLC, eMBB, Internet of Things (IoT), voice traffic, video traffic, interactive gaming, mission-critical data, etc.).

[0076] FIG. 6B is a timing diagram 600B illustrating an example of the RF exposure management shown in FIG. 6A performed over a time window (T) associated with a time-averaged RF exposure limit. In this example, the RF exposure manager determines a maximum allowable exposure for a second radio in a future time interval (e.g., a second time interval 606) based on the past exposure of the first radio in a past time interval (e.g., a first time interval 602). The sum of the normalized exposures of the first radio and the second radio can meet the RF exposure limit (e.g., a normalized limit of 1). For example, a set of normalized exposures 612 including a first exposure 614 associated with the first radio and a second exposure 616 associated with the second radio can meet the RF exposure limit. Each of the normalized exposures can correspond to a different time interval in the sequence of time intervals (e.g., the first time interval 602 and the second time interval 606). The RF exposure manager can continue to perform RF exposure assessments for the second radio in future time intervals based on the transmitted power of the first radio in past intervals. The RF exposure manager can determine a maximum allowable instantaneous transmit power associated with the second radio for a future time interval based on past exposure generated by the first radio in a past time interval. Assuming that the duration of the time intervals (e.g., Δt) for the first and second radios is much smaller than the time window (T) associated with the time-averaged RF exposure limit, the resulting average total exposure over the time window will comply with the time-averaged RF exposure limit. For example, the first time interval 602 and the second time interval 606 can each be a portion of the time window (T) associated with the time-averaged RF exposure limit.

[0077] In some aspects, the multi-radio RF exposure management described herein can be applied to more than two radios transmitting in the same time period. For example, the exposure margin left by a first radio can be used for a second radio, and the remaining exposure margin can be used for a third radio.

[0078] It should be noted that in some cases, the duration (e.g., Δt) of the time interval for the first radio and the second radio (or generally, any radio of a wireless device) may be less than the regulatory time window. The regulatory time window may be a time window (T) associated with an RF exposure limit, such as, for example, a time-averaged RF exposure limit. In general, the multi-radio RF exposure management described herein can implement time intervals having any applicable duration.

[0079] 7A is a timing diagram 700A illustrating one example of RF exposure management for a wireless device (e.g., UE 120) having three radios. In this example, the wireless device may have an RF exposure manager (e.g., RF exposure manager 510 of FIG. 5), a first radio (e.g., radio 1 of FIG. 5), a second radio (e.g., radio 2 of FIG. 5), and a third radio (e.g., radio 3 of FIG. 5), for example, as described herein with respect to FIG. 5. The RF exposure manager may perform the same operations for the first radio and the second radio as described herein with respect to FIG. 6A. In this example, the second time interval 606 (Δt i+1 ) indicates that the RF exposure manager is performing a third time interval 712 (Δt i+2 ) may be a past time interval when determining the maximum allowed instantaneous transmit power 714 for the third radio. In some cases, the third time interval 712 may follow the second time interval 606 in time without being adjacent to the second time interval 606. The second radio may be configured to transmit the maximum allowed instantaneous transmit power 714 for the third radio in accordance with the corresponding time-averaged RF exposure limit during the second time interval 606 (Δt i+1 ) may transmit a signal at a transmit power 708 that is less than or equal to a corresponding maximum allowed instantaneous transmit power during the second time interval 606. The RF exposure manager may obtain from the second radio a transmit power report associated with the second radio during the second time interval 606. The transmit power report may include or indicate the transmit power(s) 708 (e.g., average transmit power) used by the second radio during the second time interval 606.

[0080] The RF exposure manager may determine a maximum allowed instantaneous transmit power associated with the third radio for the third time interval 712 based on the remaining exposure margin and the past exposure used by the second radio in the second time interval 606. The RF exposure manager may determine an exposure margin (norm.exposure.margin.third) associated with the third radio, for example, according to the following formula:

[0081]

number

[0082] The RF exposure manager may determine a maximum allowed instantaneous transmit power 714 associated with the third radio based on the exposure margin. For example, the maximum allowed instantaneous transmit power associated with the third radio (MAIP_third) may be determined according to the following equation:

[0083]

number

[0084]

number

[0085] The RF exposure manager may provide the determined maximum allowed instantaneous transmit power for the third time interval to RF circuitry (e.g., transceiver circuitry) associated with the third radio. The sum of the normalized exposure associated with the first radio in the first time interval 602, the normalized exposure associated with the second radio in the second time interval 606, and the normalized exposure associated with the third radio in the third time interval 712 meets an RF exposure limit (e.g., a normalized limit of 1). For example, the sum of the normalized exposures of the first radio, the second radio, and the third radio may be less than the normalized limit (e.g., 1). In some cases, the wireless device may transmit a signal at transmit power 716 using the first radio and another signal at transmit power 718 using the second radio in the third time interval 712. Such transmissions may be used to determine a transmit power for the third radio in a future time interval (not shown), for example, as described herein with respect to FIG. 7B .

[0086] 7B is a timing diagram 700B illustrating an example of the RF exposure management shown in FIG. 7A performed over a time window (T) associated with a time-averaged RF exposure limit. In this example, the RF exposure manager determines a maximum allowable exposure for a third radio in a future time interval (e.g., third time interval 712) based on the past exposures of the first radio and the second radio in their respective past time intervals (e.g., first time interval 602 and second time interval 606). The sum of the normalized exposures of the first radio, second radio, and third radio can meet the RF exposure limit (e.g., a normalized limit of 1). For example, a set of normalized exposures 720 including a first exposure 722 associated with a first radio, a second exposure 724 associated with a second radio, and a third exposure 726 associated with a third radio may meet the RF exposure limit, where each of the normalized exposures corresponds to a different time interval in the sequence of time intervals (e.g., first time interval 602, second time interval 606, and third time interval 712). The RF exposure manager may continue to perform RF exposure assessments for the radios as described herein with respect to FIG.

[0087] The transmit power available to the low priority radio(s) is based on the exposure margin left by the high priority radio(s). limit , the low-priority radio(s) will not have margin available to transmit signals. Because the radios may be allowed to consume all of their exposure margin in the operations described herein with respect to Figures 6A and 7A, the wireless device may reserve an amount of energy for some radios, e.g., the second radio with respect to Figure 6A, or the second and / or third radio with respect to Figure 7A. To avoid dropping links for the low-priority radio(s), the transmit power of the high-priority radio(s) may be set to P limit may be less than or equal to a certain percentage (x) of

[0088] In a two radio embodiment, the first radio is limit The RF exposure manager may allow the second radio to have a transmit power less than or equal to the product (x·Plimit_first), where x is less than 1.0, such that the second radio is guaranteed to have a margin of at least (1−x). In some aspects, the RF exposure manager may take into account a duty cycle associated with the first radio. For example, the RF exposure manager may calculate the product of x and P limit The RF exposure manager may determine a maximum allowed instantaneous transmit power (MAIP_first) associated with the first radio as the product of x and x divided by the duty cycle (e.g., x*Plimit_pri / duty_cycle). The RF exposure manager may determine a normalized exposure associated with the first radio as given in equation (1). The RF exposure manager may determine any remaining exposure margin (first.leftover) for the second radio according to the following equation:

[0089]

number

[0090]

number

[0091] In some aspects, reserves can be applied to additional radios. In a three-radio example, a first reserve (x) can represent the maximum energy that can be allocated to the first radio, a second reserve (y) can represent the maximum energy that can be allocated to the second radio, and the remaining exposure margin is reserved for the third radio (e.g., 1.0-xy), where the sum of the first reserve and the second reserve is less than 1 (x+y<1.0). As an example, the RF exposure manager can determine an exposure margin associated with the second radio according to equation (9). In some cases, the RF exposure manager can determine an exposure margin associated with the second radio based on the second reserve (y).

[0092]

number

[0093] The RF exposure manager may determine the normalized exposure generated by the second radio in a time interval (eg, the second time interval 606) according to the following formula:

[0094]

number

[0095]

number

[0096]

number

[0097] As an example of allocation among N active radios, the wireless device can allocate a portion of the exposure margin among the first N-1 radios and the remainder to the Nth radio. N-1 represents the minimum percent of exposure allocation for the first N-1 radios, and the Nth radio gets the remainder (e.g., 1-(x1+x2+..+x N-1 )), the sum of the allocations to the first N-1 radios may be less than 1 (e.g., x1+x2+...+x N-1 <1.0). For each of the radios, the exposure associated with the given radio and the remaining exposure margin for the other radios can be determined after the respective radio has transmitted for a time interval (e.g., Δt or the first time interval 602).

[0098] For the first radio (Radio 1), the wireless device may determine the exposure margin according to the following formula:

[0099]

number

[0100] For the first radio, the wireless device may determine the maximum allowed instantaneous transmit power (MAIP_radio1) according to the following equation:

[0101]

number

[0102] For the first radio, the wireless device may determine the RF exposure generated by the first radio as follows:

[0103]

number

[0104] For the first radio, the wireless device may determine the remaining exposure for the other radios as follows:

[0105]

number

[0106] For the second radio (Radio 2), the wireless device may determine the exposure margin according to the following formula:

[0107]

number

[0108] For the second radio, the wireless device may determine the maximum allowed instantaneous transmit power (MAIP_radio2) according to the following equation:

[0109]

number

[0110] For the second radio, the wireless device can determine the RF exposure generated by the first radio as follows:

[0111]

number

[0112] For the second radio, the wireless device may determine the remaining exposure for the other radios as follows:

[0113]

number

[0114] For the (N-1)th radio, the wireless device may determine the exposure margin according to the following formula:

[0115]

number

[0116] For the (N-1)th radio, the wireless device shall adjust the maximum allowed instantaneous transmit power (MAIP_radio N-1 ) can be determined.

[0117]

number

[0118] For the (N-1)th radio, the wireless device may determine the RF exposure generated by the first radio as follows:

[0119]

number

[0120] For the (N-1)th radio, the wireless device may determine the remaining exposure for the other radios as follows:

[0121]

number

[0122] For the Nth radio, the wireless device may determine the remaining exposure margin as follows:

[0123]

number

[0124] For the Nth radio, the wireless device may determine the maximum allowed instantaneous transmit power (MAIP_radioN) as follows:

[0125]

number

[0126] In some aspects, the RF exposure manager may divide the exposure margin (norm.exposure.margin.sec) associated with the second radio between the second radio and any other radio (e.g., the third radio) instead of determining a separate exposure margin for the third radio according to equation (13). In general, for an N-radio scenario, the total exposure margin may be allocated among the radios without considering any remaining margin or based on the remaining margin, e.g., as described herein according to equations (8)-(13).

[0127] It should be noted that in some cases, the duration (e.g., Δt) of the time intervals for the first radio, the second radio, and the third radio (or generally, any radio of a wireless device) may be less than the regulatory time window. The regulatory time window may be a time window (T) associated with an RF exposure limit, such as, for example, a time-averaged RF exposure limit. In general, the multi-radio RF exposure management described herein can implement time intervals having any applicable duration.

[0128] 8 is a flow diagram illustrating example operations 800 for wireless communication in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure. The operations 800 may be performed, for example, by a wireless device (e.g., UE 120a in wireless communication network 100). The operations 800 may be performed as software components executing and running on one or more processors (e.g., controller / processor 280 of FIG. 2). Furthermore, transmission and / or reception of signals by the wireless device in operations 800 may be enabled, for example, by one or more antennas (e.g., antenna 252 of FIG. 2). In some aspects, transmission and / or reception of signals by the wireless device may be performed via a bus interface of one or more processors (e.g., controller / processor 280) that acquires and / or outputs the signals.

[0129] The operations 800 may optionally begin at block 802, where a wireless device may determine a first exposure associated with a first radio for a first transmission in a first time interval (e.g., first time interval 602). For example, the wireless device may determine a normalized exposure associated with the first radio according to equation (1), as described herein with respect to FIG. 6A . In some aspects, the wireless device may determine a first maximum time-averaged transmit power level (P ) associated with the first radio. limit_first The first exposure can be determined based at least in part on

[0130] At block 804, the wireless device may determine a first allowed transmit power associated with a second radio for a second time interval (e.g., second time interval 606) based at least in part on the first exposure associated with the first radio. For example, the wireless device may determine a maximum allowed instantaneous transmit power associated with the second radio according to equation (3) or equation (4b), as described herein with respect to FIG. 6A . In some aspects, the wireless device may determine a second maximum time-averaged transmit power level (P limit_sec The first allowed transmit power may be determined further based on: The second time interval may be adjacent in time to the first time interval.

[0131] At block 806, the wireless device may transmit a first signal at a first transmit power in a second time interval using the second radio based on the first allowed transmit power. The first transmit power may be less than or equal to the first allowed transmit power determined in block 804. In some cases, the wireless device may transmit a second signal at a second transmit power in a second time interval using the first radio. The second transmit power may be less than or equal to the second allowed transmit power. The second allowed transmit power (e.g., MAIP_first) may be determined based at least in part on an exposure margin assigned to the first radio and a first maximum time-averaged transmit power level associated with the first radio. The exposure margin assigned to the first radio may be 1. In some cases, the wireless device may determine a maximum allowed instantaneous transmit power associated with the first radio based on a duty cycle associated with the first radio, for example, according to equation (4a).

[0132] In some aspects, a first allowed transmit power associated with the second radio may be based on an exposure margin. To determine the first allowed transmit power, the wireless device may determine a first exposure margin associated with the second radio based on the first exposure associated with the first radio, e.g., according to equation (2). The wireless device may determine a first exposure margin associated with the second radio based on the first exposure associated with the first radio, e.g., according to equation (2). The wireless device may determine a first exposure margin associated with the second radio based on the first exposure associated with the first radio, e.g., according to equation (2). limit_sec ) to determine the first allowable transmit power. To determine the first allowable transmit power, the wireless device may determine a first exposure margin as a difference between 1 and the first exposure, for example, according to equation (2). To determine the first allowable transmit power, the wireless device may determine the first allowable transmit power as a product of the first exposure margin and a first maximum time-averaged transmit power level, for example, according to equation (3).

[0133] In some aspects, the wireless device may determine a second exposure margin for the second radio as the difference (e.g., 1-x) between 1 and the third exposure margin (e.g., x) assigned to the first radio. The wireless device may determine an available exposure margin as the difference between the third exposure margin (x) assigned to the first radio and the first exposure (e.g., x-norm.exp.first). The wireless device may determine a first exposure margin as the sum of the second exposure margin and the available exposure margin (e.g., (1-x)+(x-norm.exp.first)=(1-norm.exp.first)). In some cases, the third exposure margin assigned to the first radio may be 1. The entire exposure margin may be assigned to a particular radio.

[0134] In some cases, the wireless device may determine the first allowed transmit power based on a duty cycle associated with the second radio, for example, according to equation (4b). The duty cycle may represent a maximum amount of time the second radio is expected to transmit in a period of time. If the duty cycle associated with the second radio is low (e.g., <50%), the second radio may be allowed to transmit at a higher transmit power. If the duty cycle associated with the second radio is high (e.g., >50%), the second radio may be assigned a lower transmit power.

[0135] In some aspects, a wireless device may determine a transmit power for a third radio or more radio(s), e.g., as described herein with respect to FIG. 7A . The wireless device may determine a second exposure margin associated with the third radio for a third time interval (e.g., third time interval 712) based on the first exposure margin and a second exposure associated with the second radio for a second transmission in the second time interval, e.g., according to equation (5). The wireless device may determine a second exposure margin associated with the third radio for a third time interval (e.g., third time interval 712) based on the second exposure margin and a second maximum time-averaged transmit power level (e.g., P ) associated with the third radio, e.g., according to equation (6). limit_third ) may determine a second allowed transmit power associated with the third radio for the third time interval based on

[0136] In some cases, the wireless device may determine a third exposure margin for the third radio (e.g., 1-xy) as the difference between 1 and the sum of the minimum exposure margin (x) assigned to the first radio and the minimum exposure margin (y) assigned to the second radio. The wireless device may determine an available exposure margin (e.g., norm.exp.margin.sec-norm.exp.sec) as the difference between the first exposure margin (norm.exp.margin.sec) and the second exposure (norm.exp.sec) assigned to the second radio. The wireless device may determine a second exposure margin as the sum of the third exposure margin and the available exposure margin for the third radio (e.g., (1-xy)+(norm.exp.margin.sec-norm.exp.sec)).

[0137] The wireless device may transmit a second signal at a second transmit power in a third time interval using a third radio based on the second allowed transmit power. For example, the second transmit power may be less than or equal to the second allowed transmit power. The third time interval may have the same duration as the second time interval or a different duration than the second time interval. The third time interval may be adjacent in time to the second time interval, and the second time interval may be between the first and third time intervals in time. In some cases, the wireless device may transmit a third signal in the third time interval using the first radio and a fourth signal in the third time interval using the second radio. In some cases, the wireless device may determine the second allowed transmit power based on a duty cycle associated with the third radio.

[0138] In some aspects, a wireless device may reserve energy for certain radio units. For example, to determine a first allowed transmit power, the wireless device may determine the first allowed transmit power further based on a first power constraint applied to the first radio unit, e.g., according to equations (8) and (9). To determine a second allowed transmit power, the wireless device may determine a second allowed transmit power further based on a second power constraint applied to the second radio unit, e.g., according to equations (11) through (13).

[0139] In some aspects, a wireless device can be assigned to antenna groups with mutually exclusive RF exposures. The wireless device can determine a second allowed transmit power associated with a third radio associated with the first antenna group, and the first radio and the second radio are associated with the second antenna group. The second allowed transmit power can be determined independently of transmissions associated with the second antenna group.

[0140] In some aspects, the radios may be associated with different frequency bands and corresponding RF exposure limits. For example, a wireless device may transmit a second signal using a first radio in a sub-6 GHz frequency band, and the wireless device may transmit a first signal using a second radio in a millimeter wave frequency band.

[0141] In some aspects, a wireless device may select a first radio from among a plurality of radios based on one or more priorities associated with the plurality of radios. For example, the wireless device may select a first radio based on the first radio having a higher priority than the other radios. The first radio may have a higher transmission priority than a second radio. For example, a duty cycle may represent the priority, and the duty cycle of the first radio may be greater than that of the second radio. In some cases, a service type may indicate the priority. For example, a first radio may be used to transmit interactive gaming traffic, while a second radio may be used to transmit conversational voice traffic; as a result, in such a scenario, the first radio has a higher transmission priority than the second radio.

[0142] In some aspects, the wireless device may allocate exposure margins among the radios. For example, the wireless device may determine a first exposure margin for a first radio and a second exposure margin for any other radios, where the sum of the first exposure margin and the second exposure margin may be less than or equal to a threshold (e.g., 1). The wireless device may allocate a portion of the second exposure margin to each of the other radios. In some cases, the wireless device may allocate a uniform portion of the second exposure margin to each of the other radios (e.g., (1-norm.exp.first) / (N-1), where N is the total number of radios). In some cases, the allocated portion of the second exposure margin may vary among the other radios. The wireless device may determine a first allowed transmit power associated with the first radio based on the first exposure margin, and the wireless device may determine a second allowed transmit power associated with each of the other radios based on their respective portions of the second exposure margin. The wireless device may transmit a first signal at a first transmit power in a first time interval based on the first allowed transmit power, and the wireless device may transmit a second signal at a second transmit power in a corresponding second time interval for each of the other radios based on a respective second allowed transmit power.

[0143] 1-8 are described herein with respect to a UE that performs various methods for providing RF exposure compliance for ease of understanding, however, aspects of the present disclosure may also be applied to other wireless devices, such as wireless stations, access points, base stations, and / or customer premises equipment (CPE), that perform the RF exposure management described herein. Additionally, while the embodiments are described with respect to communications between a UE (or other wireless device) and a network entity, the UE or other wireless device may communicate with devices other than network entities, e.g., another UE, or another device in a user's home that is not a network entity.

[0144] It will be appreciated that the multi-radio RF exposure management described herein can enable desirable wireless communication performance, such as reduced latency, increased uplink data rates, and / or increased communication range, for example, due to the increased exposure margin that can be allocated to multiple radios.

[0145] Exemplary Communication Devices 9 illustrates a communications device 900 (e.g., UE 120) that may include various components (e.g., corresponding to means-plus-function components) configured to perform operations for the techniques disclosed herein, such as those illustrated in FIG. 8. The communications device 900 includes a processing system 902 that may be coupled to a transceiver 908 (e.g., a transmitter and / or a receiver). The transceiver 908 is configured to transmit and receive signals for the communications device 900 via an antenna 910, such as various signals as described herein. The processing system 902 may be configured to perform processing functions for the communications device 900, including processing signals received by the communications device 900 and / or signals to be transmitted.

[0146] Processing system 902 includes a processor 904 coupled to a computer-readable medium / memory 912 via a bus 906. In some aspects, the computer-readable medium / memory 912 is configured to store instructions (e.g., computer-executable code) that, when executed by the processor 904, cause the communications device 900 to perform the operations 800 shown in FIG. 8 or other operations for performing various techniques described herein for providing RF exposure compliance. In some aspects, the computer-readable medium / memory 912 stores code for determining 914, code for transmitting (or outputting) 916, or any combination thereof.

[0147] In some aspects, processing system 902 includes circuitry 920 configured to execute code stored on computer-readable medium / memory 912. In some aspects, circuitry 920 is coupled to processor 904 and / or computer-readable medium / memory 912 via bus 906. For example, circuitry 920 includes circuitry 922 for determining, circuitry 924 for transmitting (or outputting), or any combination thereof.

[0148] In some embodiments, the transmitting or sending means (or the means for outputting for transmission) may include the transceiver 254 and / or antenna(s) 252 of the UE 120 illustrated in FIG. 2 and / or the transceiver 908 and antenna 910 of the communication device 900 of FIG. 9.

[0149] In some cases, a device may have an interface (means for outputting) for outputting signals and / or data for transmission, e.g., without actually transmitting the signals and / or data. For example, a processor may output signals and / or data to a radio frequency (RF) front end for transmission via a bus interface. Similarly, a device may have an interface (means for acquiring) for acquiring signals and / or data received from another device, without actually receiving the signals and / or data. For example, a processor may acquire (or receive) signals and / or data from an RF front end for reception via a bus interface. In various aspects, the RF front end may include various components, including transmit and receive processors, transmit and receive MIMO processors, modulators, demodulators, etc., such as those shown in the example of FIG. 2.

[0150] In some embodiments, the determining means may include various processing system components, such as processor 904 of FIG. 9 or aspects of UE 120 shown in FIG. 2 including receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, TX MIMO processor 266, and / or controller / processor 280.

[0151] Exemplary Embodiments Example implementations are described in the following numbered clauses.

[0152] Aspect 1: A method of wireless communication by a wireless device, the method including: determining a first exposure associated with a first radio for a first transmission in a first time interval; determining a first allowable transmit power associated with a second radio for a second time interval based at least in part on the first exposure associated with the first radio; and transmitting a first signal at the first transmit power in the second time interval using the second radio based on the first allowable transmit power.

[0153] Aspect 2: The method of aspect 1, wherein determining the first exposure includes determining the first exposure based at least in part on a first maximum time-averaged transmit power level associated with the first radio, and determining the first allowable transmit power includes determining the first allowable transmit power further based on a second maximum time-averaged transmit power level associated with the second radio.

[0154] Aspect 3: The method of aspect 1 or 2, further comprising transmitting a second signal at a second transmit power in a second time interval using a first radio, the first radio having a higher transmission priority than the second radio, and the second time interval being adjacent in time to the first time interval.

[0155] Aspect 4: The method of aspect 3, wherein the second transmit power is less than or equal to a second allowed transmit power, and the second allowed transmit power is based at least in part on an exposure margin allocated to the first radio and a first maximum time-averaged transmit power level associated with the first radio.

[0156] Aspect 5: The method of aspect 4, further comprising determining the second allowed transmit power based on a duty cycle associated with the first radio.

[0157] Aspect 6: The method of aspect 4 or 5, wherein the exposure margin assigned to the first radio is 1 or less.

[0158] Aspect 7: The method of any one of Aspects 1 to 6, wherein determining the first allowed transmit power is further based on a duty cycle associated with the second radio.

[0159] Aspect 8: The method of any one of aspects 1 to 7, wherein determining the first allowable transmit power includes determining a first exposure margin associated with a second radio based on a first exposure associated with the first radio, and determining the first allowable transmit power based on the first exposure margin and a second maximum time-averaged transmit power level associated with the second radio.

[0160] Aspect 9: The method of aspect 8, wherein determining the first allowable transmit power further includes determining a first exposure margin as a difference between 1 and the first exposure.

[0161] Aspect 10: The method of aspect 8 or 9, wherein determining the first exposure margin includes determining a second exposure margin for the second radio as the difference between 1 and a third exposure margin assigned to the first radio, determining an available exposure margin as the difference between the third exposure margin assigned to the first radio and the first exposure, and determining the first exposure margin as the sum of the second exposure margin and the available exposure margin.

[0162] Aspect 11: The method of aspect 10, wherein the third exposure margin allocated to the first radio is less than or equal to 1.

[0163] Aspect 12: The method of any one of aspects 8 to 11, wherein determining the first allowable transmission power further includes determining the first allowable transmission power as a product of the first exposure margin and a second maximum time-averaged transmission power level.

[0164] Aspect 13: The method of aspect 8, further including: determining a second exposure margin associated with the third radio for a third time interval based on the first exposure margin and a second exposure associated with the second radio for a second transmission in the second time interval; determining a second allowed transmit power associated with the third radio for the third time interval based on the second exposure margin and a second maximum time-averaged transmit power level associated with the third radio; and transmitting a second signal at the second transmit power in the third time interval using the third radio based on the second allowed transmit power.

[0165] Aspect 14: The method of aspect 13, wherein determining the second exposure margin includes determining a third exposure margin for the third radio as the difference between 1 and the sum of the minimum exposure margins assigned to the first radio and the second radio, determining an available exposure margin as the difference between the first exposure margin assigned to the second radio and the second exposure margin, and determining the second exposure margin as the sum of the third exposure margin for the third radio and the available exposure margin.

[0166] Embodiment 15: The method of embodiment 13 or 14, wherein the third time interval has the same duration as the second time interval.

[0167] Aspect 16: The method of any one of aspects 13 to 15, further comprising: transmitting a third signal in a third time interval using the first radio; and transmitting a fourth signal in the third time interval using the second radio, wherein the third time interval is adjacent in time to the second time interval, and the second time interval is between the first time interval and the third time interval.

[0168] Aspect 17: The method of any one of aspects 13 to 16, wherein determining the second allowable transmit power includes determining the second allowable transmit power further based on a duty cycle associated with the third radio.

[0169] Aspect 18: The method of any one of aspects 13 to 17, wherein determining the second allowable transmit power includes determining the second allowable transmit power further based on a second power constraint applied to the second radio.

[0170] Aspect 19: The method of any one of aspects 1 to 18, wherein determining the first allowable transmit power includes determining the first allowable transmit power further based on a first power constraint applied to the first radio.

[0171] Aspect 20: The method of any one of aspects 1 to 19, further comprising determining a second allowable transmit power associated with a third radio associated with the first antenna group, wherein the first radio and the second radio are associated with the second antenna group.

[0172] Aspect 21: The method of aspect 20, wherein the second allowed transmit power is determined independently of a transmission associated with the second antenna group.

[0173] Aspect 22: The method of any one of aspects 1 to 21, further comprising transmitting a second signal using the first radio in a sub-6 GHz frequency band, wherein transmitting the first signal comprises transmitting the first signal using the second radio in a millimeter wave frequency band.

[0174] Aspect 23: The method of any one of aspects 1 to 22, further comprising selecting a first radio from among the plurality of radios based on one or more priorities associated with the plurality of radios.

[0175] Aspect 24: An apparatus comprising one or more memories that collectively store executable instructions and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, wherein the one or more processors are collectively configured to execute the executable instructions to cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of aspects 1 to 23.

[0176] Embodiment 25: An apparatus comprising means for carrying out the method according to any one of embodiments 1 to 23.

[0177] Aspect 26: A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising computer-executable instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a processing system, cause the processing system to perform the method of any one of aspects 1 to 23.

[0178] Aspect 27: A computer program product, embodied on a computer-readable storage medium, comprising code for executing the method of any one of aspects 1 to 23.

[0179] The techniques described herein may be used for various wireless communication technologies, such as NR (e.g., 5G NR), 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA), time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA), and other networks. The terms “network” and “system” are often used interchangeably. A CDMA network may implement a radio technology, such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), cdma2000, etc. UTRA includes Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) and other variants of CDMA. cdma2000 covers IS-2000, IS-95, and IS-856 standards. TDMA networks may implement radio technologies such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM). OFDMA networks may implement radio technologies such as NR (e.g., 5G RA), Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDMA, and others. UTRA and E-UTRA are part of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS).LTE and LTE-A are releases of UMTS that use E-UTRA. UTRA, E-UTRA, UMTS, LTE, LTE-A, and GSM are described in documents from an organization named "3rd Generation Partnership Project" (3GPP). cdma2000 and UMB are described in documents from an organization named "3rd Generation Partnership Project 2" (3GPP2). NR is a new wireless communications technology under development.

[0180] In 3GPP, the term "cell" can refer to a coverage area of ​​a Node B (NB) and / or an NB subsystem serving this coverage area, depending on the context in which the term is used. In an NR system, the terms "cell" and BS, next-generation Node B (gNB or gNodeB), access point (AP), distributed unit (DU), carrier, or transmission reception point (TRP) may be used interchangeably. A BS may provide communication coverage for macrocells, picocells, femtocells, and / or other types of cells. A macrocell may cover a relatively large geographic area (e.g., a radius of several kilometers) and may allow unrestricted access by UEs with service subscriptions. A picocell may cover a relatively small geographic area and may allow unrestricted access by UEs with service subscriptions. A femtocell may cover a relatively small geographic area (e.g., a home) and may allow restricted access by UEs that have an association with the femtocell (e.g., UEs in a Closed Subscriber Group (CSG), UEs of users in the home, etc.). A BS for a macrocell may be referred to as a macro BS. A BS for a picocell may be referred to as a pico BS. A BS for a femtocell may be referred to as a femto BS, a home BS, or a home NodeB.

[0181] A UE may also be referred to as a mobile station, terminal, access terminal, subscriber unit, station, customer premises equipment (CPE), cellular phone, smartphone, personal digital assistant (PDA), wireless modem, wireless device, handheld device, laptop computer, cordless phone, wireless local loop (WLL) station, tablet computer, camera, gaming device, netbook, smartbook, ultrabook, appliance, medical device or equipment, biometric sensor / device, wearable device such as smart watch, smart clothing, smart glasses, smart wristband, smart jewelry (e.g., smart ring, smart bracelet, etc.), entertainment device (e.g., music device, video device, satellite radio, etc.), vehicle component or sensor, smart meter / sensor, industrial manufacturing equipment, global positioning system device, or any other suitable device configured to communicate over a wireless or wired medium. Some UEs may be considered machine-type communication (MTC) devices or evolved MTC (eMTC) devices. MTC and eMTC UEs include, for example, robots, drones, remote devices, sensors, meters, monitors, location tags, etc. that may communicate with a BS, another device (e.g., a remote device), or some other entity. A wireless node may provide, for example, connectivity to a network (e.g., a wide area network such as the Internet or a cellular network) or connectivity to a network via a wired or wireless communication link. Some UEs may be considered Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices, which may be narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) devices.

[0182] In some examples, access to the air interface may be scheduled. A scheduling entity (e.g., a BS) allocates resources for communication between some or all devices and equipment within its service area or cell. The scheduling entity may be responsible for scheduling, allocating, reconfiguring, and releasing resources for one or more subordinate entities. That is, for scheduled communication, the subordinate entities use the resources allocated by the scheduling entity. A base station is not the only entity that can function as a scheduling entity. In some examples, a UE may function as a scheduling entity and schedule resources for one or more subordinate entities (e.g., one or more other UEs), and other UEs may utilize the resources scheduled by the UE for wireless communication. In some examples, a UE may function as a scheduling entity in a peer-to-peer (P2P) network and / or in a mesh network. In the mesh network example, UEs may communicate directly with each other in addition to communicating with the scheduling entity.

[0183] The methods disclosed herein include one or more steps or actions for achieving the method. The steps and / or actions of those methods may be interchanged with one another without departing from the scope of the claims. In other words, unless a specific order of steps or actions is specified, the order of specific steps and / or actions and / or the use of those steps and / or actions may be modified without departing from the scope of the claims.

[0184] As used herein, "processor," "at least one processor," or "one or more processors" generally refers to a single processor configured to perform one or more operations or to multiple processors configured to collectively perform one or more operations. In the case of multiple processors, performance of one or more operations may be divided among different processors, although one processor may perform multiple operations or multiple processors may collectively perform a single operation. Similarly, "memory," "at least one memory," or "one or more memories" generally refers to a single memory configured to store data and / or instructions or to multiple memories configured collectively to store data and / or instructions.

[0185] As used herein, phrases referring to "at least one of" a list of items refer to any combination of those items, including single members. By way of example, "at least one of a, b, or c" is intended to encompass a, b, c, ab, ac, bc, and abc, as well as any combination having multiples of the same element (e.g., aa, aaa, aab, aac, abb, acc, bb, bbb, bbc, cc, and ccc, or any other permutation of a, b, and c).

[0186] As used herein, the term "determining" encompasses a wide variety of actions. For example, "determining" may include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, generating, investigating, looking up (e.g., looking up in a table, database, or another data structure), ascertaining, etc. "Determining / determining" may also include receiving (e.g., receiving information), accessing (e.g., accessing data in a memory), etc. "Determining" may also include resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, etc.

[0187] The foregoing description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various embodiments described herein. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments. Accordingly, the claims are not limited to the embodiments set forth herein but are to be accorded the full scope consistent with the language of the claims, and reference to an element in the singular does not mean "one and only one," unless expressly stated otherwise, but rather "one or more." Unless expressly stated otherwise, the term "some" refers to one or more. All structural and functional equivalents of the elements of the various embodiments described throughout this disclosure that are known or later become known to those skilled in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and intended to be encompassed by the claims. Furthermore, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be made public, regardless of whether such disclosure is expressly recited in the claims. No element of a claim shall be construed under the provisions of 35 U.S.C. 112(f) unless the element is expressly recited using the phrase "means for," or, in the case of a method claim, unless the element is recited using the phrase "step for."

[0188] The various operations of the methods described above may be performed by any suitable means capable of performing the corresponding functions, which may include various hardware and / or software component(s) and / or various hardware and / or software module(s), including, but not limited to, circuits, application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), or processors. Generally, when operations are illustrated in figures, those operations may have corresponding equivalent means-plus-function components that are similarly numbered.

[0189] The various example logic blocks, modules, and circuits described in connection with this disclosure may be implemented or performed using a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device (PLD), discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but alternatively, the processor may be any commercially available processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a combination of multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.

[0190] When implemented in hardware, an exemplary hardware configuration may comprise a processing system within a wireless node. The processing system may be implemented using a bus architecture. The bus may include any number of interconnected buses and bridges, depending on the particular application of the processing system and overall design constraints. The bus may link various circuits together, including a processor, a machine-readable medium, and a bus interface. The bus interface may be used to connect a network adapter, among other things, to the processing system via the bus. The network adapter may be used to perform physical (PHY) layer signal processing functions. In the case of a UE (see FIG. 1 ), a user interface (e.g., keypad, display, mouse, joystick, etc.) may also be connected to the bus. The bus may also link various other circuits, such as timing sources, peripherals, voltage regulators, power management circuits, etc., which are well known in the art and therefore will not be described further. The processor may be implemented using one or more general-purpose and / or special-purpose processors. Examples include microprocessors, microcontrollers, DSP processors, and other circuit configurations capable of executing software. Those skilled in the art will recognize how to best perform the described functions for the processing system depending on the particular application and the overall design constraints imposed on the entire system.

[0191] If implemented in software, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable storage medium. Software shall be broadly construed to mean instructions, data, or any combination thereof, whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise. Computer-readable storage media includes both computer storage media and communication media, including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A processor may be responsible for general processing, including managing a bus and executing software modules stored on the machine-readable storage medium. A computer-readable storage medium may be coupled to the processor such that the processor can read information from, and write information to, the storage medium. Alternatively, the storage medium may be integral to the processor. By way of example, machine-readable media may include a transmission line, a carrier wave modulated by data, and / or a computer-readable storage medium with instructions stored separate from a wireless node, all of which may be accessed by the processor through a bus interface. Alternatively, or in addition, the machine-readable medium, or any portion thereof, may be integrated into the processor, such as would be the case with a cache and / or general-purpose register file. Examples of machine-readable storage media may include, by way of example, RAM (random access memory), flash memory, ROM (read-only memory), PROM (programmable read-only memory), EPROM (erasable programmable read-only memory), EEPROM (electrically erasable programmable read-only memory), registers, magnetic disks, optical disks, hard drives, or any other suitable storage medium, or any combination thereof. The machine-readable medium may be embodied in a computer program product.

[0192] A software module may include a single instruction or multiple instructions and may be distributed across several different code segments, among different programs, and across multiple storage media. A computer-readable medium may include several software modules. A software module includes instructions that, when executed by a device such as a processor, cause a processing system to perform various functions. A software module may include a transmitting module and a receiving module. Each software module may reside in a single storage device or may be distributed across multiple storage devices. As an example, a software module may be loaded into RAM from a hard drive when a trigger event occurs. During execution of a software module, a processor may load some of the instructions into a cache to increase access speed. One or more cache lines may then be loaded into a general-purpose register file for execution by the processor. When referring below to the functionality of a software module, it will be understood that such functionality is performed by a processor upon executing instructions from that software module.

[0193] Also, any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared (IR), radio, and microwave, the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included within the definition of medium. As used herein, disk and disc include compact disc (CD), laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk, and Blu-ray disc, where disks typically reproduce data magnetically and discs reproduce data optically using lasers. Thus, in some aspects a computer-readable medium may comprise a non-transitory computer-readable medium (e.g., tangible media). Additionally, in other aspects a computer-readable medium may comprise a transitory computer-readable medium (e.g., a signal). Combinations of the above should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media.

[0194] Accordingly, certain aspects may include computer program products for performing the operations presented herein. For example, such computer program products may comprise a computer-readable medium having instructions stored (and / or encoded) thereon, the instructions being executable by one or more processors to perform the operations described herein, such as instructions for performing the operations described herein and illustrated in FIG. 8.

[0195] Furthermore, it should be understood that modules and / or other suitable means for performing the methods and techniques described herein may be downloaded and / or otherwise obtained by a user terminal and / or base station, where applicable. For example, such devices may be coupled to a server to facilitate the transfer of means for performing the methods described herein. Alternatively, the various methods described herein may be provided via storage means (e.g., RAM, ROM, or a physical storage medium such as a compact disc (CD) or floppy disk, etc.) such that the user terminal and / or base station may obtain the various methods upon coupling or providing the storage means to the device. Moreover, any other suitable technique for providing the methods and techniques described herein to a device may be utilized.

[0196] It is to be understood that the claims are not limited to the precise configuration and components illustrated above. Various modifications, changes and variations may be made in the arrangement, operation and details of the methods and apparatus described above without departing from the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. 1. A method of wireless communication by a wireless device, comprising: determining a first exposure associated with a first radio for a first transmission in a first time interval; determining a first allowed transmit power associated with a second radio for a second time interval based at least in part on the first exposure associated with the first radio; transmitting a first signal at a first transmit power using the second radio during the second time interval based on the first allowed transmit power; A method comprising:

2. determining the first exposure includes determining the first exposure based at least in part on a first maximum time-averaged transmit power level associated with the first radio; determining the first allowed transmit power further based on a second maximum time-averaged transmit power level associated with the second radio; The method of claim 1.

3. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising transmitting a second signal at a second transmit power in the second time interval using the first radio, the first radio having a higher transmission priority than the second radio, and the second time interval being adjacent in time to the first time interval.

4. the second transmission power is equal to or less than a second allowable transmission power; the second allowed transmit power is based at least in part on an exposure margin allocated to the first radio and a first maximum time-averaged transmit power level associated with the first radio; The method of claim 3.

5. The method of claim 4 , further comprising determining the second allowed transmit power based on a duty cycle associated with the first radio.

6. The method of claim 4 , wherein the exposure margin assigned to the first radio is less than or equal to 1.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining the first allowed transmit power is further based on a duty cycle associated with the second radio.

8. determining the first allowed transmit power; determining a first exposure margin associated with the second radio based on the first exposure associated with the first radio; determining the first allowed transmit power based on the first exposure margin and a second maximum time-averaged transmit power level associated with the second radio; Including, The method of claim 1.

9. The method of claim 8 , wherein determining the first allowed transmit power further comprises determining the first exposure margin as a difference between 1 and the first exposure.

10. Determining the first exposure margin comprises: determining a second exposure margin for the second radio as the difference between 1 and the third exposure margin assigned to the first radio; determining an available exposure margin as the difference between the third exposure margin assigned to the first radio and the first exposure; determining the first exposure margin as the sum of the second exposure margin and the available exposure margin; Including, The method of claim 8.

11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the third exposure margin assigned to the first radio is less than or equal to 1.

12. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein determining the first allowed transmit power further comprises determining the first allowed transmit power as a product of the first exposure margin and the second maximum time-averaged transmit power level.

13. determining a second exposure margin associated with a third radio for a third time interval based on the first exposure margin and a second exposure associated with the second radio for a second transmission in the second time interval; determining a second allowed transmit power associated with the third radio for the third time interval based on the second exposure margin and a second maximum time-averaged transmit power level associated with the third radio; transmitting a second signal at a second transmit power using the third radio during the third time interval based on the second allowed transmit power; The method of claim 8 further comprising:

14. determining the second exposure margin; determining a third exposure margin for the third radio as the difference between 1 and the sum of the minimum exposure margins assigned to the first radio and the second radio; determining an available exposure margin as the difference between the first exposure margin allocated to the second radio and the second exposure; determining the second exposure margin as the sum of the third exposure margin and the available exposure margin for the third radio; Including, The method of claim 13.

15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the third time interval has the same duration as the second time interval.

16. transmitting a third signal using the first radio during the third time interval; transmitting a fourth signal during the third time interval using the second radio; and wherein the third time interval is adjacent to the second time interval in time, and the second time interval is between the first time interval and the third time interval in time. The method of claim 13.

17. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein determining the second allowed transmit power comprises determining the second allowed transmit power further based on a duty cycle associated with the third radio.

18. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein determining the second allowed transmit power comprises determining the second allowed transmit power further based on a second power limit applied to the second radio.

19. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the first allowed transmit power comprises determining the first allowed transmit power further based on a first power limit applied to the first radio.

20. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining a second allowed transmit power associated with a third radio associated with a first antenna group, the first radio and the second radio being associated with a second antenna group.

21. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the second allowed transmit power is determined independently of transmissions associated with the second antenna group.

22. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising transmitting a second signal using the first radio in a sub-6 GHz frequency band, wherein transmitting the first signal comprises transmitting the first signal using the second radio in a mmWave frequency band.

23. The method of claim 1 , further comprising selecting the first radio from among a plurality of radios based on one or more priorities associated with the plurality of radios.

24. 1. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising: one or more memories that collectively store executable instructions; one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories; wherein the one or more processors execute the executable instructions to cause the device to: determining a first exposure associated with the first radio for a first transmission during a first time interval; determining a first allowed transmit power associated with a second radio for a second time interval based at least in part on the first exposure associated with the first radio; controlling transmission of a first signal at a first transmission power during the second time interval using the second radio based on the first allowed transmission power; It is collectively composed of Device.

25. to determine the first exposure, the one or more processors are collectively configured to execute the executable instructions to cause the device to determine the first exposure based at least in part on a first maximum time-averaged transmit power level associated with the first radio; to determine the first allowed transmit power, the one or more processors are collectively configured to execute the executable instructions to cause the device to determine the first allowed transmit power further based on a second maximum time-averaged transmit power level associated with the second radio.

25. The apparatus of claim 24.

26. the one or more processors are further collectively configured to execute the executable instructions to cause the device to transmit a second signal at a second transmit power in the second time interval using the first radio; the first radio has a higher transmission priority than the second radio; the second time interval is adjacent in time to the first time interval; 25. The apparatus of claim 24.

27. the second transmission power is equal to or less than a second allowable transmission power; the second allowed transmit power is based at least in part on an exposure margin allocated to the first radio and a first maximum time-averaged transmit power level associated with the first radio; 27. The apparatus of claim 26.

28. 28. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the one or more processors are further collectively configured to execute the executable instructions to cause the apparatus to determine the second allowed transmit power based on a duty cycle associated with the first radio.

29. 1. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising: means for determining a first exposure associated with a first radio for a first transmission in a first time interval; means for determining a first allowed transmit power associated with a second radio for a second time interval based at least in part on the first exposure associated with the first radio; means for transmitting a first signal at a first transmission power during the second time interval using the second radio based on the first allowed transmission power; An apparatus comprising:

30. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon instructions that, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to: determining a first exposure associated with a first radio for a first transmission in a first time interval; determining a first allowed transmit power associated with a second radio for a second time interval based at least in part on the first exposure associated with the first radio; transmitting a first signal at a first transmit power using the second radio during the second time interval based on the first allowed transmit power; performing an action including A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium.

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