The invention discloses a transport protection device for a computer host structure. The device comprises a box body, wherein damping and anti-impact devices are fixedly connected to the two sides of the inner wall of the box body, buffering devices are fixedly connected to the two sides of the inner wall of the box body, the top of the box body is connected with a box cover in a hinge mode through hinges, protection devices are fixedly connected to the bottom of the box cover, each protection device comprises a fixing piece, the tops of the fixing pieces are fixedly connected with the box cover, and the bottoms of the fixing pieces are fixedly connected with elastic pieces. The invention relates to the technical field of computers. According to the transport protection device for the computer host, the computer host only bears the longitudinal stress generated by little vibration during transportation and the transverse stress generated during braking or shaking can also be counteracted by the buffering devices so that a host box and important components inside the host box can be well protected; and the host box can be conveniently and quickly taken out after being transported to the destination, and manpower and time are not wasted.