Optical laminate and manufacturing method thereof, smart window including the same, and automotive or building fittings to which the same is applied

Abstract

The present invention relates to an optical laminate comprising: a liquid crystal layer; a first optical functional layer formed on one side of the liquid crystal layer; and a second optical functional layer formed on the other side of the liquid crystal layer and facing the first optical functional layer; wherein the first optical functional layer and the second optical functional layer each independently comprise a substrate layer and a functional conductive layer, and at least one of the first optical functional layer and the second optical functional layer comprises two or more of the functional conductive layers.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to an optical laminate and a method for producing the same, a smart window including the same, and automotive or building fittings to which the same is applied. [Background technology]

[0002] Generally, glass windows of vehicles such as cars are often coated with an external light blocking coating. However, conventional glass windows of vehicles have a fixed transmittance, and the external light blocking coating also has a fixed transmittance. Therefore, such conventional vehicle windows have a fixed overall transmittance, which can lead to accidents. For example, if the overall transmittance is set low, there is no problem during the day when there is sufficient ambient light, but there is a problem that drivers have difficulty properly checking the surroundings of the vehicle at night when there is insufficient ambient light. Alternatively, if the overall transmittance is set high, there is a problem that drivers may experience glare during the day when there is sufficient ambient light. For this reason, an optical laminate capable of changing light transmittance when a voltage is applied has been developed.

[0003] The optical laminate is driven by applying a voltage to drive the liquid crystal to change the transmittance, and optical laminates developed to date are manufactured by forming a conductive layer for driving the liquid crystal on a separate substrate and combining it with other elements such as a polarizer.

[0004] For example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 2018-010035 discloses an optical laminate including a functional electrode layer formed on a polycarbonate (PC) substrate having a predetermined thickness. However, including a separate substrate to form the conductive layer increases the manufacturing cost due to the complicated manufacturing process, and the thickness of the laminate increases, resulting in problems such as changes in transmittance due to the generation of retardation. Furthermore, ITO (indium tin oxide), the electrode material mainly used for the functional electrode layer, is an inorganic oxide that easily cracks even with small changes in external stress, increasing surface resistance, and is therefore disadvantageous for the manufacture of various types of optical laminates.

[0005] Korean Patent Publication No. 10-2265762 discloses an infrared-blocking functional electrode adhesive and a smart window including the same, which aims to achieve ease of use and cost reduction by integrating infrared blocking and electrode functions into a single adhesive layer and manufacturing it into a single coating layer, and the infrared-blocking functional electrode adhesive includes metal nanowires. However, when a metal or metal alloy is used as a functional layer for application to such a window, image reflection can occur, which is unsightly and can lead to accidents, and in terms of durability of the window, it can be vulnerable to cracks caused by external impacts.

[0006] Therefore, there is a need to develop a high-quality optical laminate that has low reflection and heat-shielding properties and is highly durable. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0007] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2018-010035 [Patent Document 2] Korean Patent Registration No. 10-2265762 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0008] In order to solve the above-described problems, an object of the present invention is to provide an optical laminate that can reduce the transmittance of sunlight while improving the infrared blocking rate, thereby saving energy.

[0009] Another object of the present invention is to provide an optical laminate capable of preventing cracks caused by external stress and reducing the rate of increase in surface resistance.

[0010] Another object of the present invention is to provide a smart window including the optical laminate and a fitting for an automobile or building to which the smart window is applied.

[0011] However, the problems to be solved by the present invention are not limited to those mentioned above, and other problems not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the following description. [Means for solving the problem]

[0012] The present invention relates to an optical laminate comprising: a liquid crystal layer; a first optical functional layer formed on one side of the liquid crystal layer; and a second optical functional layer formed on the other side of the liquid crystal layer and facing the first optical functional layer; wherein the first optical functional layer and the second optical functional layer each independently comprise a substrate layer and a functional conductive layer, and at least one of the first optical functional layer and the second optical functional layer comprises two or more of the functional conductive layers.

[0013] The present invention may be characterized in that the functional conductive layer contains a conductive polymer.

[0014] The present invention relates to a conductive polymer, and the conductive polymer is selected from the group consisting of polythiophene, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), polyaniline, polyacetylene, polydiacetylene, polyphenylene, polyphenylene vinylene, polyphenylene sulfide, polythienylene vinylene, polythiophene vinylene, polyfluorene, polypyrrole, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):camphorsulfonic acid, and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):toluene sulfone. and polythiophene:dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, polyaniline:polystyrenesulfonate, polyaniline:camphorsulfonic acid, polypyrrole:polystyrenesulfonate, polypyrrole:camphorsulfonic acid, polypyrrole:toluenesulfonic acid, polypyrrole:dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, polythiophene:polystyrenesulfonate, polythiophene:camphorsulfonic acid, polythiophene:toluenesulfonic acid, and polythiophene:dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid.

[0015] In the present invention, the functional conductive layer may have a thickness of 1.0 to 3.0 μm. In the present invention, the substrate layer may contain at least one resin selected from the group consisting of cycloolefin resin, cellulose resin, acrylate resin, polyester resin, and polycarbonate resin.

[0016] In the present invention, the base layer may include a polarizer. The present invention may be characterized in that the liquid crystal layer is a polarizing film-liquid crystal (POL-LC) or a polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC).

[0017] In the present invention, the optical laminate may have a solar energy blocking rate of 60% or more as measured by optical performance test method KS L 2016:2014, 6.3.

[0018] In the present invention, the functional conductive layer may have at least one crack density value calculated by the following Equation 1 of 0 to 0.05 at a tensile strain rate of more than 1% and not more than 10%.

[0019] [Formula 1] ρ(ε)=l(ε) / A (In the above formula 1, ε is the tensile strain rate (%), and A is the area of ​​the observation region (mm 2 ), where ρ(ε) is the crack density value of the functional conductive layer calculated at the tensile strain rate ε, and l(ε) is the crack area (mm 2 ) means. In the present invention, when the ε in the functional conductive layer is 2%, the crack density value calculated by the above formula 1 may be 0.

[0020] In the present invention, the functional conductive layer may have at least one increase rate of sheet resistance calculated by the following formula 2 at a tensile strain rate of 1% or more and 10% or less of 15% or less.

[0021] [Formula 2] δ(ε)=[{RS(ε) / RS(0)}-1]×100× (In the above formula 2, the δ(ε) is the sheet resistance increase rate (%) of the functional conductive layer calculated at the tensile strain rate ε, the RS(ε) is the sheet resistance value (Ω / □) of the functional conductive layer measured at the tensile strain rate ε, the RS(0) is the sheet resistance value (Ω / □) of the functional conductive layer measured in the initial state where the tensile strain rate is 0%, and the ε has the same meaning as in formula 1.) In the present invention, the functional conductive layer may have at least one increase rate of sheet resistance calculated by the above formula 2 of 14% or less when the tensile strain rate is 1% or more and 10% or less.

[0022] In the present invention, the functional conductive layer may be formed in direct contact with the substrate layer without the need for a separate substrate between them.

[0023] In the present invention, the functional conductive layer may be formed in direct contact with the base layer, with an easy-adhesion layer interposed between the functional conductive layer and the base layer.

[0024] In the present invention, the liquid crystal layer may include one or more spacers selected from the group consisting of ball spacers and column spacers.

[0025] In the present invention, the optical laminate may further include one or more layers selected from the group consisting of a protective film, an alignment film, an adhesive layer, an ultraviolet absorbing layer, and a hard coating layer.

[0026] The present invention also provides a method for producing the optical laminate. The present invention also provides a smart window including the optical laminate, and automobile and building fixtures to which the smart window is applied. [Effects of the Invention]

[0027] The optical laminate according to the present invention can improve energy economy by lowering the transmittance of sunlight and increasing the infrared blocking rate.

[0028] Furthermore, the optical laminate according to the present invention may further reduce crack generation and surface resistance increase rate due to external stress compared to conventional transparent electrode films.

[0029] In addition, according to the optical laminate of the present invention, the functional conductive layer and the substrate layer are formed in direct contact with each other without the need for a separate layer between them, thereby eliminating the need for a process for bonding between the substrates and simplifying the manufacturing process compared to conventional methods. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0030] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a layer structure of an optical laminate according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the laminate structure of the optical functional layer in the optical laminate according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a laminated structure in which a polarizing plate is applied to an optically functional layer in an optical laminate according to another embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a laminated structure in which a polarizing plate is applied as an optical functional layer in an optical laminate according to still another embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 5] FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a laminated structure of a smart window for a vehicle to which an optical laminate according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the laminate structure of a smart window, a building fixture, to which an optical laminate is applied according to another embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0031] The present invention relates to an optical laminate that reduces the solar transmittance, improves the infrared blocking rate, and reduces the occurrence of cracks and the increase in surface resistance due to external stress.

[0032] More specifically, the present invention relates to an optical laminate comprising: a liquid crystal layer; a first optical functional layer formed on one side of the liquid crystal layer; and a second optical functional layer formed on the other side of the liquid crystal layer and facing the first optical functional layer; wherein the first optical functional layer and the second optical functional layer each independently comprise a substrate layer and a functional conductive layer, and at least one of the first optical functional layer and the second optical functional layer comprises two or more of the functional conductive layers, and wherein the functional conductive layer comprises a conductive polymer.

[0033] The optical laminate of the present invention is particularly suitable for technical fields in which light transmittance can be changed by applying a voltage, and can be used, for example, in smart windows.

[0034] A smart window is an optical structure that controls the amount of light or heat passing through by changing its light transmittance in response to the application of an electrical signal. That is, a smart window can be changed between transparent, opaque, or translucent depending on the voltage applied, and is also called variable transmittance glass, light-control glass, or smart glass.

[0035] Smart windows can be used to divide the interior space of vehicles and buildings or as partitions for privacy, or as light windows placed in openings in buildings. They can also be used for highway signs, bulletin boards, odometers, clocks, or advertising screens, and can be used to replace glass in vehicles such as windows or sunroofs in automobiles, buses, airplanes, ships, or trains.

[0036] The light-control laminate of the present invention can also be used in smart windows in the various technical fields mentioned above, but since the conductive layer is formed directly on the polarizer and therefore does not require a separate substrate for forming the conductive layer, it is thin and has advantageous bending properties, making it particularly suitable for use in smart windows for vehicles or buildings. In one or more embodiments, a smart window using the light-control laminate of the present invention can be used in transportation, for example, the front window, rear window, side window, and sunroof window of an automobile, or building fixtures, and can be used not only for blocking external light but also for dividing the interior space of an automobile or building, such as an interior partition, or for privacy protection.

[0037] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings. However, the following drawings attached to this specification are intended to illustrate preferred embodiments of the present invention and, together with the above-described invention content, serve to further understand the technical concept of the present invention, and therefore the present invention should not be interpreted as being limited only to the matters depicted in these drawings.

[0038] The terms used herein are for the purpose of describing the embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. In this specification, the singular form includes the plural form unless otherwise specified in the phrase. For example, as used herein, a "functional conductive layer" may refer to at least one functional conductive layer selected from a first functional conductive layer and a second functional conductive layer, an "optical functional layer" may refer to at least one optical functional layer selected from a first optical functional layer and a second optical functional layer, and a "transparent conductive layer" may refer to at least one transparent conductive layer selected from a first transparent conductive layer and a second transparent conductive layer.

[0039] As used herein, the terms "comprises" and / or "comprising" do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other components, steps, operations and / or elements other than the stated components, steps, operations and / or elements. Like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout the specification.

[0040] Spatially relative terms such as "below," "bottom," "lower," "upper," "top," "top," and the like may be used to easily describe the relationship of one element or component to another, as illustrated in the figures. Spatially relative terms should be understood to encompass different orientations of elements in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if an element depicted in the figures is inverted, an element described as "below" or "below" another element may also be positioned "above" the other element. Thus, the exemplary term "below" may encompass both an orientation of below and above. Elements may be oriented in other directions, and thus the spatially relative terms may be interpreted accordingly.

[0041] As used herein, the "planar direction" can be interpreted as the direction perpendicular to the polarizer and / or transparent conductive layer, ie, the direction viewed from the user's viewing side.

[0042] As used in this specification, "substantially" can be interpreted not only to mean completely identical or identical physically, but also to mean within the range of error in measurement or manufacturing processes, for example, an error range of 0.1% or less.

[0043] <Optical laminate> FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the layer structure of an optical laminate according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 1, the optical laminate according to an embodiment of the present invention may include a first optical functional layer 110-1, a second optical functional layer 110-2, and a liquid crystal layer 120. At least one of the first optical functional layer and the second optical functional layer may include two or more functional conductive layers. Furthermore, the optical laminate according to an embodiment of the present invention may include an optical laminate including the liquid crystal layer 120 and the optical functional layer 110, to which glass 140 is bonded using an adhesive layer 130 on both sides. More specifically, at least one of the first and second optical functional layers 110-1 and 110-2 may include a functional conductive layer 210 on both sides of a base layer (see FIGS. 2 and 3). As described below, the base layer may include a polarizer or a polarizing plate. Furthermore, the base layer may include a functional conductive layer on one outer surface and inside the base layer. For example, at least one of the first and second optical functional layers may include two functional conductive layers, one of which may be located on the outer surface of the substrate layer (more specifically, polarizer 300) and the other between the polarizer 310 and the protective film 320, i.e., inside the substrate layer (more specifically, polarizer 300) (see FIG. 4). The functional conductive layer 210 must be present in two or more layers in one optical functional layer. However, a single layer of the functional conductive layer 210 can reduce visible light reflectance (low reflectance) and provide excellent solar energy blocking properties (heat blocking properties), thereby improving energy efficiency. From this perspective, the optical laminate of the present invention preferably includes two or three layers, more preferably two layers. In FIG. 1, the layer formed on the top surface of the liquid crystal layer is referred to as the first optical functional layer 110-1, and the layer formed on the bottom surface of the liquid crystal layer is referred to as the second optical functional layer 110-2. However, this is merely to spatially illustrate the formation of optical functional layers on both surfaces, and may be interpreted differently when oriented in other directions.

[0044] In one embodiment, the functional conductive layer 210 may have a crack density value of 0 to 0.05 calculated by the following Equation 1 at a tensile strain rate of more than 1% and not more than 10%.

[0045] [Formula 1] ρ(ε)=l(ε) / A In the above formula 1, ε is the tensile strain rate (%), and A is the area of ​​the observation region (mm 2 ), where ρ(ε) is the crack density value of the functional conductive layer calculated at the tensile strain rate ε, and l(ε) is the crack area (mm 2 ) means

[0046] Specifically, A may refer to the area of ​​an observation region arbitrarily designated by a user to calculate the crack density value of the functional conductive layer due to tensile deformation. The l(ε) may refer to the area of ​​the black portion (30.36%) in a shaded image obtained by converting an image of the functional conductive layer in the observation region, photographed using an optical microscope (OM) or a scanning electron microscope (SEM), into a shaded image using an image processing program such as Image J (developed by NIH / LOCI).

[0047] Therefore, the crack density value calculated by the above formula 1 can be interpreted as meaning that the closer it is to 0, the less cracks occur in the functional conductive layer, and the closer it is to 1, the more cracks occur over the entire surface of the functional conductive layer.

[0048] That is, when the crack density value calculated by the above formula 1 satisfies the above range at a tensile strain rate of more than 1% and not more than 10%, it is possible to prevent cracks from occurring due to changes in external stress, which is advantageous in terms of enabling stable operation even when external stress changes. According to another embodiment of the present invention, when ε in the formula 1 is 2%, the crack density value calculated by the formula 1 is 0, so that the functional conductive layer 210 has durability such that cracks do not occur even when subjected to external mechanical visible stress.

[0049] In another embodiment, the functional conductive layer 210 may have a sheet resistance increase rate of 15% or less, preferably 0% to 14%, calculated by the following Equation 2, at a tensile strain rate of 1% to 10%.

[0050] [Formula 2] δ(ε)=[{RS(ε) / RS(0)}-1]×100 In the above equation 2, δ(ε) is the sheet resistance increase rate (%) of the functional conductive layer calculated at a tensile strain rate ε, RS(ε) is the sheet resistance value (Ω / □) of the functional conductive layer measured at a tensile strain rate ε, RS(0) is the sheet resistance value (Ω / □) of the functional conductive layer measured in the initial state where the tensile strain rate is 0%, and ε has the same meaning as in equation 1.

[0051] When the functional conductive layer 210 has a tensile strain rate of 1% to 10% and the sheet resistance increase rate calculated by Equation 2 satisfies the above range, the sheet resistance can be prevented from increasing excessively in response to changes in external stress, which is advantageous in that stable operation is possible even when the external stress changes.

[0052] In one embodiment, the optical laminate has a solar energy blocking rate of 60% or more as measured by the optical performance test method KS L 2016:2014, 6.3, which is preferable from the viewpoint of preventing reflections and reducing energy consumption while absorbing or blocking light in the infrared region of sunlight without interfering with necessary lighting.

[0053] Optical functional layer 110 Referring to FIG. 2, the first optical functional layer 110-1 and the second optical functional layer 110-2 may be formed facing each other with the liquid crystal layer 120 as a base layer. The optical functional layer 110 may include a substrate layer 220 and functional conductive layers 210 on both sides of the substrate layer. The optical functional layers 110 are formed on both sides of the liquid crystal layer and can provide optical properties such as infrared blocking rate, absorbance, or reflectance. More specifically, the optical functional layer 110 includes a conductive polymer such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), essentially functioning as an electrode and controlling the liquid crystal of the liquid crystal layer to an ON or OFF state depending on the applied voltage. In addition, the conductive polymer's ability to absorb energy in the infrared range can provide a heat blocking function. When fabricated into an optical laminate structure according to the present invention, it can block infrared rays by approximately 60% or more, preferably 70% or more, and reflect light in the visible range, reducing the reflectance in the visible range to 10% or less, preferably 5% or less, thereby providing a low-reflection effect.

[0054] Functional conductive layer 210 The functional conductive layer 210 is used in place of a conductive layer in a conventional optical laminate to drive the liquid crystal layer 120. It may be directly formed without a separate substrate between the functional conductive layer 210 and the substrate layer 220. Conventional optical laminates 100 used in manufacturing smart windows and the like are manufactured by forming a conductive layer for driving liquid crystals on one side of a substrate and laminating the other side of the substrate with a polarizer. However, the liquid crystal laminate according to the present invention does not require a separate substrate for forming the conductive layer, or by directly forming the conductive layer on one side of the substrate layer, thereby reducing the thickness of the laminate and improving transmittance and bending characteristics in the light-transmitting mode. According to another embodiment of the present invention, the functional conductive layer 210 may be formed in direct contact with the substrate layer by including an easy-adhesion layer (not shown) between the functional conductive layer 210 and the substrate layer. The easy-adhesion layer may be made of the materials listed for the adhesive layer in the "Other Components" section below, but is not limited thereto.

[0055] The functional conductive layer 210 may have a visible light transmittance of 50% or more, preferably containing a conductive polymer. It may also be manufactured from a functional conductive layer composition containing a conductive polymer and at least one selected from the group consisting of an organic binder, an organic solvent, a silane coupling agent, and a surfactant, and may further contain the remaining amount of water according to user needs. In this case, it is possible to adjust the blocking of thermal energy by absorbing infrared light from solar energy. This reduces energy consumption for heating and cooling, improving energy economy. In addition, it is possible to prevent cracks from occurring in the functional conductive layer 210 even when deformation due to external stress is applied, thereby preventing an excessive increase in surface resistance.

[0056] The conductive polymer may be a conventional or later developed conductive polymer material, for example, polythiophene, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), polyaniline, polyacetylene, polydiacetylene, polyphenylene, polyphenylene vinylene, polyphenylene sulfide, polythienylene vinylene, polythiophene vinylene, polyfluorene, polypyrrole, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):camphorsulfonic acid, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):toluenesulfonic acid, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, polyaniline:polystyrene sulfonate, polyaniline:camphorsulfonic acid, polypyrrole:poly The polymer may include one or more polymers selected from the group consisting of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), poly(ethylenesulfonate), polypyrrole:camphorsulfonic acid, polypyrrole:toluenesulfonic acid, polypyrrole:dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, polythiophene:polystyrenesulfonate, polythiophene:camphorsulfonic acid, polythiophene:toluenesulfonic acid, and polythiophene:dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid. The polymer may be poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) [poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), PEDOT] or poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) [poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate), PEDOT:PSS]. PEDOT:PSS is particularly preferred because it is a conductive polymer with electron-donating properties. This property is influenced by the substituents attached to the polymer. The substituents of PEDOT:PSS have a relatively low energy band gap, which exists in the infrared region and allows infrared absorption.

[0057] The content of the conductive polymer is not particularly limited, but may be 0.1 wt % to 5 wt % of the total weight of the functional conductive layer composition, and preferably 0.2 wt % to 3 wt %.

[0058] The organic binder may include one or more selected from the group consisting of melamine resin, polyester resin, polyurethane resin, and polyacrylic resin. The organic binder may also be a water-dispersible resin. In one embodiment, the weight-average molecular weight of the organic binder may be 5,000 g / mol to 30,000 g / mol, preferably 10,000 g / mol to 20,000 g / mol.

[0059] The content of the organic binder is not particularly limited, but may be 1 to 40 wt % relative to the total weight of the composition for forming a functional conductive layer, preferably 5 to 35 wt %, and more preferably 8 to 33 wt %.

[0060] The organic solvent may include an alcohol-based organic solvent, an ether-based organic solvent, and / or an amide-based organic solvent.

[0061] The alcohol-based organic solvent serves to reduce the surface tension of the composition for forming the functional conductive layer, thereby improving the coating property. In one embodiment, the alcohol-based organic solvent may be an alcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, such as methanol, ethanol, 2-methoxyethanol, propanol, isopropanol, or n-butyl alcohol.

[0062] The ether-based organic solvent may be a conventional or later-developed ether-based organic solvent, such as propylene glycol monopropyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monopropyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol monopropyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, or diethylene glycol-2-ethylhexyl ether.

[0063] The amide-based organic solvent serves to improve the conductivity of the resulting functional conductive layer, and in one embodiment, the amide-based organic solvent may be acetamide, N-methylacetamide, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, or the like.

[0064] The content of the organic solvent is not particularly limited, but may be 10% by weight to 80% by weight, preferably 15% by weight to 65% by weight, and more preferably 20% by weight to 60% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition for forming the conductive layer.

[0065] The silane coupling agent improves the adhesive strength of the composition for forming the functional conductive layer, and serves to facilitate lamination of the functional conductive layer 210 on the base layer 220 . In one embodiment, the silane coupling agent may include one or more selected from the group consisting of trimethoxy silanes, triethoxy silanes, tetramethoxy silanes, and tetraethoxy silanes. For example, the triethoxy silane may be 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltriethoxysilane, (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane, (pentafluorophenyl)triethoxysilane, (3-glycidyloxypropyl)triethoxysilane, or (4-chlorophenyl)triethoxysilane. The trimethoxy-based silane may be (3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane, (3-chloropropyl)trimethoxysilane, (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane, (3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane, (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane, [3-(2-aminoethylamino)propyl]trimethoxysilane, (N,N-dimethylaminopropyl)trimethoxysilane, (N,The silane may be (3-iodopropyl)trimethoxysilane, (3-bromopropyl)trimethoxysilane, or (3-iodopropyl)trimethoxysilane.

[0066] The content of the silane coupling agent may be 0.05 wt % to 0.3 wt % relative to the total weight of the composition for forming the functional conductive layer, in order to improve the adhesion between the base layer 220 and the functional conductive layer 210.

[0067] The surfactant may be a silicone surfactant or an acetylene surfactant, and the silicone surfactant may be a modified silicone surfactant.

[0068] For example, commercially available silicone surfactants include BYK-378 from BYK, and commercially available acetylene surfactants include Dynol 604 from Air Products.

[0069] The content of the surfactant is not particularly limited, but may be 0.02 wt % to 0.4 wt % relative to the total weight of the composition for forming a functional conductive layer, and preferably 0.1 wt % to 0.4 wt %.

[0070] In one embodiment of the present invention, the functional conductive layer 210 may be formed by applying the composition for forming the functional conductive layer to the substrate layer 220 (described later) and then drying it in an oven at a temperature of 60 to 90° C. for 5 to 10 minutes, but the functional conductive layer 210 may be formed by a method commonly used in the art, such as coating processes such as spin coating, roller coating, bar coating, dip coating, gravure coating, curtain coating, die coating, spray coating, doctor coating, and kneader coating; printing processes such as screen printing, spray printing, inkjet printing, relief printing, intaglio printing, and lithography; deposition processes such as in-mold labeling (IML) injection molding, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), physical vapor deposition (PVD), and plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD); and dry or wet plating processes.

[0071] In one embodiment, the functional conductive layers 210 may each have a thickness of 1.0 to 3.0 μm, preferably 1.5 to 3 μm. Since the functional conductive layers 210 are formed on both sides of the substrate layer 220, the total thickness of the functional conductive layers formed on both sides may be preferably 3 to 6 μm. In this case, the functional conductive layer 210 ensures a predetermined transmittance, does not significantly change in characteristics due to external stress, and allows for the manufacture of a thin electrode film. If the thickness exceeds this range, the adhesion between the substrates may be reduced, and the internal density of the functional conductive layer 210 may be reduced, which may result in reduced durability, such as easy cracking due to external impact and / or external environmental conditions.

[0072] In this case, if a functional conductive layer is provided on one side of the base layer 220, there is a limit to the absorption and blocking of light in the infrared region, and even if the thickness of the functional conductive layer increases, the absorption rate and blocking rate do not increase. Therefore, providing a functional conductive layer on each side of the base layer 220 is effective in absorbing and blocking light in the infrared region.

[0073] Base material layer 220 The base layer 220 is a structural base for forming the functional conductive layer 210, and is not particularly limited as long as the transmittance satisfies the above range.

[0074] According to an embodiment, the base layer 220 may preferably include one or more selected from the group consisting of cycloolefin resin, cellulose resin, acrylate resin, polyester resin, and polycarbonate resin, such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polycarbonate (PC), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), cyclic olefin polymer (COP), triacetyl cellulose (TAC), etc.

[0075] In one embodiment, the substrate layer 220 may have a thickness of 50 μm to 150 μm. If the thickness of the transparent substrate layer 220 is less than 50 μm, there may be a problem that the functional conductive layer 210 cannot be properly supported, and if the thickness exceeds 150 μm, there may be a problem that the transmittance or flexibility of the transparent electrode film is reduced due to an increase in the thickness of the entire film caused by the excessive thickness.

[0076] In one embodiment, a surface treatment may be performed on one or both sides of the substrate layer 220 to improve adhesion between the functional conductive layer 210 and the substrate layer 220. The surface treatment may be any type of pretreatment, such as a corona treatment, a plasma treatment, ultraviolet irradiation, or a primer treatment, as long as it improves adhesion between the functional conductive layer 210 and the substrate layer 220. When the surface treatment is performed on one or both sides of the substrate layer 220, the adhesion between the functional conductive layer 210 and the substrate layer 220 is further improved, and the functional conductive layer 210 can be easily formed on the transparent substrate layer 220 without the need for a separate optically clear adhesive (OCA) film, which may be advantageous in terms of improving transparency.

[0077] According to another embodiment of the present invention, the base layer 220 may include a polarizer, for example, a first polarizer including a polarizer and a second polarizer facing the first polarizer and including a polarizer.

[0078] 3, the polarizing plate 300 includes a polarizer and may further include functional layers, such as a protective film 320, a retardation control layer (not shown), and a refractive index control layer (not shown), on one or both sides of the polarizer. For example, the polarizing plate 300 may include a polarizer 310 and a protective film 320 laminated on one or both sides of the polarizer, or may include a polarizer 310, a protective film 320 laminated on one side of the polarizer, and a retardation control layer laminated on the other side opposite the one side of the polarizer. Alternatively, the polarizing plate 300 may include a polarizer 310, a protective film 320 laminated on one side of the polarizer, and a retardation control layer and a refractive index control layer laminated in sequence on the other side opposite the one side of the polarizer, or may include a polarizer 310, a protective film 320 laminated on one side of the polarizer, and a protective film 320 and a retardation control layer laminated in sequence on the other side opposite the one side of the polarizer.

[0079] The polarizer 310 may be a conventional or later developed polarizer, for example, a stretched polarizer or a coated polarizer.

[0080] In one embodiment, the stretched polarizer may include a stretched polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based resin. The polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based resin may be a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin obtained by saponifying a polyvinyl acetate-based resin. Examples of polyvinyl acetate-based resins include polyvinyl acetate, which is a homopolymer of vinyl acetate, and copolymers of vinyl acetate with other monomers copolymerizable therewith. The other monomers may be unsaturated carboxylic acid-based, unsaturated sulfonic acid-based, olefin-based, vinyl ether-based, or acrylamide-based monomers having an ammonium group. The polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based resin may also be modified, such as polyvinyl formal or polyvinyl acetal modified with aldehydes.

[0081] In one embodiment, the coating type polarizer may be formed using a liquid crystal coating composition, which may include a reactive liquid crystal compound and a dichroic dye.

[0082] The reactive liquid crystal compound may refer to a compound containing a mesogen skeleton and one or more polymerizable functional groups. Such reactive liquid crystal compounds are known in various ways as reactive mesogens (RMs). The reactive liquid crystal compound can be polymerized by light or heat to form a cured film in which a polymer network is formed while maintaining the liquid crystal alignment.

[0083] The reactive liquid crystal compound may be a monofunctional or polyfunctional reactive liquid crystal compound. The monofunctional reactive liquid crystal compound is a compound having one polymerizable functional group, and the polyfunctional reactive liquid crystal compound is a compound having two or more polymerizable functional groups.

[0084] The dichroic dye is a component contained in the liquid crystal coating composition that imparts polarization properties and has different absorbance in the long axis direction and the short axis direction of the molecule. The dichroic dye may be any conventional or later-developed dichroic dye, for example, one or more selected from the group consisting of azo dyes, anthraquinone dyes, perylene dyes, merocyanine dyes, azomethine dyes, phthaloperylene dyes, indigo dyes, dioxazine dyes, polythiophene dyes, and phenoxazine dyes.

[0085] The liquid crystal coating composition may further include a solvent capable of dissolving the reactive liquid crystal compound and the dichroic dye, such as propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA), methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), xylene, chloroform, etc. The liquid crystal coating composition may further include a labeling agent, a polymerization initiator, etc., within a range that does not impair the polarization properties of the coating film.

[0086] The protective film 320 serves to protect the polarization characteristics of the polarizer from post-processing and external environments, and may be implemented in the form of a protective film.

[0087] The protective film 320 may be formed on one or both surfaces of the polarizer in direct contact therewith, but is not limited thereto. For example, the protective film 320 may be used as a multi-layer structure in which one or more protective films 320 are continuously stacked, or may be formed in direct contact with another functional layer. The position of the protective film 320 is not limited as long as it is formed in direct contact with any other substrate of the optical laminate to protect it.

[0088] In one or more embodiments, the protective film 320 may include one or more selected from the group consisting of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene isophthalate (PEI), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), diacetyl cellulose (Cellulose diacetate (CDA)), triacetyl cellulose (TAC), polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polymethyl acrylate (PMA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyethyl acrylate (PEA), polyethyl methacrylate (PEMA), and cyclic olefin polymer (COP).

[0089] The retardation control layer (not shown) complements the optical properties of the optical laminate and may be implemented in the form of a retardation film, etc., and may be a conventional or later-developed retardation film, etc. For example, a quarter-wave plate (1 / 4 wave plate) or a half-wave plate (1 / 2 wave plate) for delaying the phase of light may be used, and these may be used alone or in combination.

[0090] The retardation adjusting layer may be formed in direct contact with one surface of the polarizer in place of a protective film, but is not limited thereto. For example, the retardation adjusting layer may be formed on one surface of the protective film 320, and the polarizer, the protective film 320, and the retardation adjusting layer may be sequentially stacked.

[0091] The retardation control layer may be a polymer stretched film obtained by stretching a polymer film that can be given optical anisotropy by stretching in an appropriate manner, or a liquid crystal polymer film.

[0092] In one embodiment, the polymer stretched film may be a polymer layer containing polyolefins such as polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene (PP), cycloolefin polymers (COP) such as polynorbornene, polyesters such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polysulfone (PSU), acrylic resins, polycarbonate (PC), or polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyacrylate, cellulose ester polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), or triacetyl cellulose (TAC), or a copolymer of two or more monomers among the monomers forming the polymers.

[0093] The method for obtaining the stretched polymer film is not particularly limited, and can be, for example, by molding the polymer material into a film and then stretching it. The film-forming method is not particularly limited, and can be formed into a film by known methods such as injection molding, sheet molding, blow molding, injection blow molding, inflation molding, extrusion molding, foam molding, and cast molding. Secondary processing methods such as compressed air molding and vacuum forming can also be used. Among these, extrusion molding and cast molding are preferred. In this case, for example, an unstretched film can be extruded using an extruder equipped with a T-die, a circular die, or the like. When obtaining a molded product by extrusion molding, a material in which various resin components, additives, etc. have been melt-kneaded in advance can be used, or the product can be formed through melt-kneading during extrusion molding. Alternatively, an unstretched film can be cast-molded by dissolving various resin components in a solvent common to the various resin components, such as chloroform or methylene dichloride, followed by casting, drying, and solidification.

[0094] The polymer stretched film may be produced by uniaxially stretching the formed film in the mechanical direction (MD; machine direction, lengthwise or longitudinal direction) or uniaxially stretching the formed film in the transverse direction (TD; widthwise or transverse direction) of the mechanical direction. Alternatively, a biaxially stretched film may be produced by stretching the formed film using a method such as sequential biaxial stretching with roll stretching and tenter stretching, simultaneous biaxial stretching with tenter stretching, or biaxial stretching with tubular stretching.

[0095] The liquid crystal polymer film may include a reactive liquid crystal compound in a polymerized state. The reactive liquid crystal compound may be the same as the reactive liquid crystal compound of the coating-type polarizer described above.

[0096] In one or more embodiments, the thickness of the retardation adjusting layer may be 10 to 100 μm in the case of a polymer stretched film, and 0.1 to 5 μm in the case of a liquid crystal polymer film.

[0097] The refractive index adjustment layer (not shown) is provided to compensate for a refractive index difference of the liquid crystal layer 120 caused by the functional electrode layer 210, and may serve to improve visibility by reducing the refractive index difference. The refractive index adjustment layer may also be provided to correct a color caused by the functional electrode layer 210. Meanwhile, when the functional electrode layer 210 has a pattern, the refractive index adjustment layer can compensate for a transmittance difference between a patterned region where the pattern is formed and a non-patterned region where the pattern is not formed.

[0098] Specifically, the functional electrode layer 210 is stacked adjacent to another member (e.g., a polarizer) having a different refractive index from the functional electrode layer 210, and the difference in refractive index between the adjacent layers may cause a difference in light transmittance. In particular, if a pattern is formed on the functional electrode layer 210, a problem may occur in which the patterned region and the non-patterned region are visually distinguishable. Therefore, by including the refractive index control layer, the refractive index is compensated for, thereby reducing the difference in light transmittance of the optical stack. In particular, if a pattern is formed on the functional electrode layer 210, the patterned region and the non-patterned region are visually distinguishable.

[0099] In one embodiment, the refractive index of the refractive index adjusting layer may be appropriately selected depending on the material of the adjacent member, and may be preferably 1.4 to 2.6, more preferably 1.4 to 2.4, in order to prevent light loss due to a sharp difference in refractive index between the functional conductive layer 210 and the other member, such as the polarizer.

[0100] The refractive index adjustment layer is not particularly limited as long as it can prevent a sharp difference in refractive index between other components such as a polarizer and the transparent conductive layers 231 and 232, and can be formed from a compound used to form a conventional or later-developed refractive index adjustment layer, for example, a refractive index adjustment layer-forming composition containing a polymerizable isocyanurate compound.

[0101] In one embodiment, the polarizing plate 300 may further include other functional layers in addition to the above-mentioned functional layers to support or enhance the properties of the polarizer. For example, the polarizing plate 300 may further include an overcoat layer to further improve mechanical durability.

[0102] In one or more embodiments, the polarizer 300 may have a thickness of 100 to 200 μm, preferably 100 to 190 μm, and more preferably 120 to 150 μm, which allows the polarizer 300 to maintain its optical properties while allowing the substrate layer 220 to be manufactured with a small thickness.

[0103] Liquid crystal layer 120 The liquid crystal layer 120 can change the driving mode of the optical laminate by adjusting the transmittance of light incident from one or more directions using an electric field, and can be located, for example, in the light control region within a space provided by a sealant layer (not shown) and a spacer (not shown) provided between the first and second polarizers.

[0104] The liquid crystal layer 120 is not particularly limited as long as it is driven by an electric field and can control the light transmittance, and any conventional or later developed liquid crystal compound may be used. For example, the above-mentioned reactive liquid crystal compound of the coating-type polarizer may be similarly applied.

[0105] The liquid crystal behavior mode of the liquid crystal layer 120 is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, a twisted nematic (TN) mode, a super twisted nematic (STN) mode, or a vertical alignment (VA) mode. Depending on the substrate used in the substrate layer 220, the liquid crystal layer 120 may selectively use either a polarizing film-liquid crystal (POL-LC) driven by a polarizer or a polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) according to the polarization characteristics of the polarizer. For example, when a polymer resin such as polyester resin is used to adjust transparency by applying a voltage, the liquid crystal layer is driven in the PDLC mode, and when a polarizer is used, the liquid crystal layer is driven in the POL-LC mode. The smart windows using the PDLC mode and POL-LC mode can be provided with heat blocking and / or reflection reducing effects by attaching a separate film or coating the glass. However, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the smart windows can be manufactured as an integrated unit without a separate film, ensuring the same level of heat blocking rate and / or reflectance control properties, while simplifying the manufacturing process compared to conventional smart windows.

[0106] The sealant (not shown) may include a curable resin as a base resin. The base resin may be a UV-curable resin or a thermosetting resin known in the art for use in sealants. The UV-curable resin may be a polymer of a UV-curable monomer. The thermosetting resin may be a polymer of a thermosetting monomer. The base resin of the sealant may be, for example, an acrylate-based resin, an epoxy-based resin, a urethane-based resin, a phenol-based resin, or a mixture of these resins. In one embodiment, the base resin may be an acrylate-based resin, and the acrylate-based resin may be a polymer of an acrylic monomer. The acrylic monomer may be, for example, a multifunctional acrylate. In another embodiment, the sealant may further include a monomer component in the base resin. The monomer component may be, for example, a monofunctional acrylate. In this specification, a monofunctional acrylate may refer to a compound having one acrylic group, and a multifunctional acrylate may refer to a compound having two or more acrylic groups. The curable resin can be cured by ultraviolet irradiation and / or heating. The ultraviolet irradiation conditions or heating conditions may be appropriately selected as long as they do not impair the objectives of the present application. The sealant may further contain an initiator, such as a photoinitiator or a thermal initiator, if necessary. The sealant may be formed by a method commonly used in the art, for example, by drawing the sealant onto the outer edge (i.e., non-active area) of the liquid crystal layer using a dispenser equipped with a nozzle.

[0107] The spacers (not shown) may include at least one of ball spacers and column spacers, and are preferably ball spacers. The number of ball spacers may be one or more, and the diameter thereof is preferably 1 to 10 μm. In addition, when viewed from the planar direction, the area occupied by the ball spacers in the liquid crystal layer 120 is preferably 0.01 to 10% of the area of ​​the liquid crystal layer 120 in terms of improving user visibility and transmittance in the transmission mode.

[0108] In one embodiment, the liquid crystal layer 120 may further include an alignment film if necessary, for example, formed on both sides of the liquid crystal layer 120 containing the liquid crystal compound.

[0109] The alignment film (not shown) is not particularly limited as long as it can impart alignment to the liquid crystal compound. For example, the alignment film may be fabricated by applying and curing an alignment film coating composition containing an alignment polymer, a photopolymerization initiator, and a solvent. The alignment polymer is not particularly limited, but may be a polyacrylate resin, a polyamic acid resin, a polyimide resin, a polymer containing a cinnamate group, or any other conventional or later-developed polymer capable of exhibiting alignment.

[0110] Other materials The optical laminate of the present invention may further include other components within the scope that does not impair the object of the present invention, for example, it may further include a protective film 320, an adhesive layer 130 (see Figures 1, 5 and 6), an ultraviolet absorbing layer, a hard coating layer, etc.

[0111] The protective film 320 can be the same as the protective film of the base layer described above, and therefore the description thereof will be omitted.

[0112] The adhesive layer 130 may be formed using an adhesive or pressure-sensitive adhesive, and preferably has an appropriate adhesive strength so as to prevent peeling, bubbles, etc. from occurring when the light-control laminate is handled, as well as transparency and thermal stability.

[0113] The adhesive may be a conventional or later developed adhesive, for example, a light-curable adhesive.

[0114] The photocurable adhesive exhibits strong adhesive strength by crosslinking and curing when exposed to active energy rays such as ultraviolet (UV) and electron beam (EB), and may be composed of reactive oligomers, reactive monomers, photopolymerization initiators, etc.

[0115] The reactive oligomer is an important component that determines the properties of the adhesive and forms a hardened coating by forming a polymer bond through a photopolymerization reaction. Usable reactive oligomers include polyester resins, polyether resins, polyurethane resins, epoxy resins, polyacrylic resins, and silicone resins.

[0116] The reactive monomer functions as a crosslinking agent and a diluent for the reactive oligomer, and influences adhesive properties. Usable reactive monomers include monofunctional monomers, polyfunctional monomers, epoxy-based monomers, vinyl ethers, cyclic ethers, etc.

[0117] The photopolymerization initiator absorbs light energy to generate radicals or cations, thereby initiating photopolymerization, and may be selected to suit the photopolymerizable resin.

[0118] The pressure-sensitive adhesive may be a conventional or later-developed pressure-sensitive adhesive, and in one or more embodiments, may be an acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive, a rubber pressure-sensitive adhesive, a silicone pressure-sensitive adhesive, a urethane pressure-sensitive adhesive, a polyvinyl alcohol pressure-sensitive adhesive, a polyvinylpyrrolidone pressure-sensitive adhesive, a polyacrylamide pressure-sensitive adhesive, a cellulose pressure-sensitive adhesive, a vinyl alkyl ether pressure-sensitive adhesive, etc. The pressure-sensitive adhesive is not particularly limited as long as it has adhesive strength and viscoelasticity, but from the viewpoint of availability, etc., it may preferably be an acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive, which may contain, for example, a (meth)acrylate copolymer, a crosslinking agent, and a solvent.

[0119] The crosslinking agent may be a conventional or later developed crosslinking agent, and may include, for example, a polyisocyanate compound, an epoxy resin, a melamine resin, a urea resin, a dialdehyde, a methylol polymer, or the like, and preferably includes a polyisocyanate compound.

[0120] The solvent may include conventional solvents used in the field of resin compositions, such as alcohol-based compounds such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, and propylene glycol methoxyalcohol; ketone-based compounds such as methyl ethyl ketone, methyl butyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, diethyl ketone, and dipropyl ketone; acetate-based compounds such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, and propylene glycol methoxyacetate; cellosolve-based compounds such as methyl cellosolve, ethyl cellosolve, and propyl cellosolve; and hydrocarbon-based compounds such as hexane, heptane, benzene, toluene, and xylene. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0121] The thickness of the adhesive layer 130 may be appropriately determined depending on the type of resin acting as the adhesive, adhesive strength, the environment in which the adhesive is used, etc. In one embodiment, the adhesive layer may have a thickness of 0.01 to 50 μm, preferably 0.05 to 20 μm, and more preferably 0.1 to 10 μm, to ensure sufficient adhesive strength and minimize the thickness of the optical laminate.

[0122] The ultraviolet absorbing layer is not particularly limited as long as it is used to prevent deterioration of the optical laminate due to ultraviolet rays, and examples thereof include salicylic acid-based ultraviolet absorbers (phenyl salicylate, p-tert-butyl salicylate, etc.), benzophenone-based ultraviolet absorbers (2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone, 2,2'-dihydroxy-4,4'-dimethoxybenzophenone, etc.), benzotriazole-based ultraviolet absorbers (2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-3',5'-di-t 2-(2'-hydroxy-3'-tert-butylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-3',5'-di-tert-butylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-3'-(3'',4'',5'',6''-tetrahydrophthalimidomethyl)-5'-methylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2,2-methylenebis(4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-6-(2H-benzotriazo 2-(2'-hydroxy-3'-tert-butyl-5'-methylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-3'-tert-butyl-5'-(2-octyloxycarbonylethyl)-phenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-3'-(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl)-5'-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-phenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-6-(linear and side chain dodecyl)-4-methylphenol, a mixture of octyl-3-[3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-(chloro-2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)phenyl]propionate and 2-ethylhexyl-3-[3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-(5-chloro-2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)phenyl]propionate, etc.), cyanoacrylate ultraviolet absorbers (2'-ethylhexyl-2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate, ethyl-2-cyano-3-(3',4'-methylenedioxyphenyl)acrylate, triazine-based UV absorbers, etc. may also be used, and benzotriazole-based UV absorbers or triazine-based UV absorbers, which have high transparency and are excellent in preventing deterioration of polarizing plates and transmittance-variable layers, are preferred, and benzotriazole-based UV absorbers with a more suitable spectral absorption spectrum are particularly preferred. The benzotriazole-based UV absorbers may be bis(bis)-modified, such as 6,6'-methylenebis(2-(2H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-2-yl)-4-(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl)phenol) or 6,6'-methylenebis(2-(2H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-2-yl)-4-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenol).

[0123] The hard coating layer is not particularly limited as long as it protects components such as a polarizing plate and layers from external physical and chemical impacts, and any conventional or later-developed hard coating layer may be used.

[0124] In one embodiment, the hard coating layer may be formed by applying a composition for forming a hard coating layer to another member and curing the composition with light or heat. The composition for forming a hard coating layer is not particularly limited and may include, for example, a photocurable compound and a photoinitiator.

[0125] The photocurable compound and photoinitiator may be those commonly used in the art without any restrictions. For example, the photocurable compound may be a photopolymerizable monomer, a photopolymerizable oligomer, etc., such as a monofunctional and / or polyfunctional (meth)acrylate, and the photoinitiator may be an oxime ester, etc.

[0126] <Method of manufacturing optical laminate> The present invention includes the above-described method for producing the optical laminate. The method for producing the optical laminate is not particularly limited, and the optical laminate can be produced using any bonding technique or the above-described photolithography technique.

[0127] For example, the conductive layer of the polarizer can be formed by coating a composition for forming a functional conductive layer on a triacetyl cellulose film or a cycloolefin polymer (COP) and then bonding it to a polyvinyl alcohol polarizer. Alternatively, the polarizer can be formed by bonding a triacetyl cellulose film or a triacetyl cellulose film and a cycloolefin film to both sides of a polyvinyl alcohol polarizer (23 μm, KURARAY) using an adhesive, and then selectively coating the functional conductive layer composition on the triacetyl cellulose film or the cycloolefin film surface.

[0128] <Smart Window> In addition to the optical laminate, the present invention includes a smart window including the optical laminate. The present invention also includes a vehicle in which the smart window is applied to at least one of a front window, a rear window, a side window, a sunroof window, and an interior partition, and a building fixture including the smart window.

[0129] Referring to FIG. 5, a vehicle including a smart window of the present invention may have glass panes 141 bonded to both sides of an optical laminate including a liquid crystal layer 120 and an optically functional layer 110 using adhesive layers 130. For example, the vehicle may be manufactured by placing adhesive films and glass panes on both sides of the optical laminate and then heating them in a press at 90°C and approximately 1 bar or under vacuum for 10 to 20 minutes. Alternatively, the vehicle may be manufactured by coating one side of the glass pane with a resin, vacuum-bonding the glass panes to both sides of the optical laminate, and then UV-curing the resin. The adhesive film may include an EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) film, a PVB (polyvinyl butyral) film, or the like, and the resin may include an OCR resin having a storage modulus (G') of 103 to 105 Pa.

[0130] In addition, the optical laminate may have building fixtures (glass for fixtures) 142 bonded to one or both sides (see Figure 6) of the optical laminate, or may have fixture glass bonded to one side of the optical laminate using a lamination method to produce a smart window product for fixtures, or may have fixture glass coated with UV adhesive on both sides of the optical laminate and then bonded, followed by UV curing to produce a smart window product for fixtures with the same configuration as Figure 6. [Example]

[0131] [Mode for carrying out the invention] The present invention will be described in more detail below based on examples. However, the embodiments of the present invention disclosed below are merely illustrative, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to these embodiments. The scope of the present invention is set forth in the claims, and includes all modifications within the scope and meaning equivalent to the claims. In the following examples and comparative examples, "%" and "parts" indicating the content are by weight unless otherwise specified.

[0132] <Production example> Production Example 1: Production of functional conductive layer composition Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS, Clevios TM A functional conductive layer composition was prepared using a mixture of 0.6 wt % of PEG-100 (Heraeus), 32.5 wt % of ethanol, 40 wt % of deionized water, and 27 wt % of 2-methoxyethanol.

[0133] Manufacturing Example 2: Manufacturing of polarizing plates A polarizing plate was fabricated by bonding triacetyl cellulose films (40-60 μm TAC, Konica) to both sides of a polyvinyl alcohol polarizer (23 μm, KURARAY) using an adhesive.

[0134] The conductive layer of the polarizer was formed by coating a triacetyl cellulose film with a composition for forming a functional conductive layer and then bonding it to a polyvinyl alcohol polarizer. The conductive layer coating was then dried at 90°C for about 10 minutes to form a functional conductive layer with a thickness of 3 μm, thereby producing an optical functional layer of the example including a functional conductive layer formed of a conductive polymer on one side of the polarizer.

[0135] <Examples and Comparative Examples: Production of Optical Laminating Agent> Examples 1 to 3 The composition for forming the functional conductive layer according to Manufacturing Example 1 was applied to a 50 μm thick polyethylene terephthalate (PET, XG7PH8 Toray) substrate film, which was then cured at 90°C for 10 minutes. The composition was then coated on both sides of the substrate layer to a thickness of 3.0 μm, and the resulting coating was then dried in an oven (PR-4J, ESPEC) at 90°C for 10 minutes to form a first optical functional layer.

[0136] The same method as for the first optical functional layer was used, but the composition for forming the functional conductive layer was coated on the cross section or both sides of the substrate layer to a thickness of 1.0 μm or 3.0 μm after curing at 90°C for 10 minutes. Specifically, the thickness of the second optical functional layer and whether or not it was coated on both sides were as described in Table 1, and the composition was coated in an oven (PR-4J, ESPEC) and dried at 90°C for 10 minutes to form the second optical functional layer. Liquid crystal and polymer-dispersed liquid crystal were injected between the first optical functional layer and the second optical functional layer, including the functional conductive layer coated on the substrate, to prepare the optical laminates of Examples 1 to 3, respectively.

[0137] Examples 4 to 6 The polarizing plate prepared in Preparation Example 2 as a substrate film was coated on both sides with the functional conductive layer composition prepared in Preparation Example 1 so that the thickness after curing would be 3.0 μm, and then dried in an oven (PR-4J, ESPEC) at 90°C for 10 minutes to form a first optical functional layer.

[0138] The same method as for the first optical functional layer was used, except that the composition for forming the functional conductive layer was cured at 90°C for 10 minutes, and then coated on the cross section or both sides to a thickness of 1.0 μm or 3.0 μm, respectively, and dried in an oven (PR-4J, ESPEC) at 90°C for 10 minutes to form an optical functional layer. Liquid crystal and polymer dispersed liquid crystal were then injected between the optical functional layers coated on the substrate to prepare the optical laminates of Examples 4 to 6, respectively.

[0139] The method for forming the functional conductive layer on the polarizing plate will be described in more detail as follows: The functional conductive layer composition according to Preparation Example 1 was coated on either the cross section or both surfaces of the protective film 320, which is attached to protect the polarizer of the polarizing plate, to a thickness of 1.0 μm or 3.0 μm after curing, and then bonded to the polarizer using an adhesive or pressure-sensitive adhesive to prepare a polarizing plate and a polarizing plate substrate layer.

[0140] In each example, the structure of the substrate layer, the thickness of the second optically functional layer, and the presence or absence of both cross-sectional coatings are shown in Table 2 below.

[0141] [Table 1]

[0142] [Table 2]

[0143] Comparative Examples 1 and 2 Optical laminates of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a heat-shielding film including a metal reflective layer shown in Table 2 below was used instead of the functional conductive layer composition of Preparation Example 1.

[0144] [Table 3]

[0145] <Experimental Example> (1) Visible light reflectance evaluation For the optical laminates of the above examples and comparative examples, the visible light reflectance can be measured using one or more instruments selected from the group consisting of KS L 2016:2014, FT-IR, spectrophotometer, Nicolet, 6700, USA, and UV-VIS-NIR, spectrophotometer, Perkin-Elmer, Lambda 950 and 1050, USA. In the experimental examples of the present invention, the visible light reflectance was measured and evaluated according to the optical performance test method KS L 2016:2014, 6.3 Optical performance test, and JIS A 5759:2016, 6 Test method KS L 2514:2011, 4 Measurement of spectral transmittance and spectral reflectance, and the results are shown in Tables 1 to 3 above.

[0146] (2) Evaluation of solar energy transmittance and blocking rate For the optical laminates of the examples and comparative examples, the solar energy transmittance and the solar energy infrared blocking rate can be measured using one or more instruments selected from the group consisting of KS L 2016:2014, FT-IR, spectrophotometer, Nicolet, 6700, USA, and UV-VIS-NIR, spectrophotometer, Perkin-Elmer, Lambda 950 and 1050, USA. In the experimental examples of the present invention, the solar energy transmittance and the solar energy infrared blocking rate were measured and evaluated according to the optical performance test method KS L 2016:2014, 6.3 Optical performance test, JIS A 5759:2016, 6 Test method, KS L 2514:2011, 4 Measurement of spectral transmittance and spectral reflectance, and the results are shown in Tables 1 to 3 above.

[0147] (3) Evaluation of crack density and surface resistance For the functional conductive layers included in the examples and comparative examples, the crack density and the increase rate of surface resistance were calculated using Equations 1 and 2 for tensile strain rates of 0%, 1%, 2%, and 10% in the transverse direction (TD), and the results are shown in Tables 1 to 3.

[0148] Meanwhile, the crack density and the rate of increase in surface resistance shown in Tables 1 to 3 are the larger values ​​among the measured values ​​of the first functional conductive layer and the second functional conductive layer.

[0149] According to the experimental data in Tables 1 to 3, in the case of Examples 1 to 6, in which the optical functional layer contains a conductive polymer, the solar energy blocking rate is 60% or more and the visible light reflectance is 10% or less, confirming that the optical functional layer has higher heat blocking performance and lower reflection function than the comparative examples. Furthermore, compared to when the optical functional layer is formed on the cross section of the base layer (see Example 1), the heat blocking rate is higher and the visible light reflectance is lower, and even when the overall thickness is the same, the crack density and the rate of increase in surface resistance due to cracks are lower, so it is believed that the optical functional layer is formed on both sides of the base layer (see Example 3) is the most excellent configuration.

[0150] Therefore, in the case of the optical laminate according to the embodiment of the present invention, it was confirmed that the conductive polymer material can have high performance compared to the configurations of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 in which the metal material is included in the functional conductive layer, and that the crack density relative to the tensile strain rate is also excellent. [Industrial Applicability]

[0151] The optical laminate according to the present invention can improve energy economy by lowering the transmittance of sunlight and increasing the infrared blocking rate. [Explanation of symbols]

[0152] 100: Optical laminate 110: Optical functional layer 120: Liquid crystal layer 130:Adhesive layer 140: Glass 141: Car glass 142: Architectural fittings glass 210: Functional conductive layer 220: Base material layer 300: Polarizing plate 310: Polarizer 320: Protective film

Claims

1. a liquid crystal layer; a first optical functional layer formed on one surface of the liquid crystal layer; and a second optical functional layer formed on the other surface of the liquid crystal layer and facing the first optical functional layer; the first optical functional layer and the second optical functional layer each independently include a base layer and a functional conductive layer; An optical laminate, wherein at least one of the first optical functional layer and the second optical functional layer includes two or more of the functional conductive layers.

2. The optical laminate according to claim 1 , wherein the functional conductive layer contains a conductive polymer.

3. The conductive polymer may be polythiophene, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), polyaniline, polyacetylene, polydiacetylene, polyphenylene, polyphenylene vinylene, polyphenylene sulfide, polythienylene vinylene, polythiophene vinylene, polyfluorene, polypyrrole, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):camphorsulfonic acid, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):toluenesulfonic acid, poly( 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, polyaniline:polystyrenesulfonate, polyaniline:camphorsulfonic acid, polypyrrole:polystyrenesulfonate, polypyrrole:camphorsulfonic acid, polypyrrole:toluenesulfonic acid, polypyrrole:dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, polythiophene:polystyrenesulfonate, polythiophene:camphorsulfonic acid, polythiophene:toluenesulfonic acid, and polythiophene:dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid. The optical laminate according to claim 2, comprising one or more selected from the group consisting of: polythiophene:polystyrenesulfonate, polythiophene:camphorsulfonic acid, polythiophene:toluenesulfonic acid, and polythiophene:dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid.

4. The optical laminate according to claim 2 , wherein the functional conductive layer has a thickness of 1.0 to 3.0 μm.

5. 2. The optical laminate according to claim 1, wherein the substrate layer comprises at least one resin selected from the group consisting of cycloolefin resins, cellulose resins, acrylate resins, polyester resins, and polycarbonate resins.

6. The optical laminate according to claim 1 , wherein the substrate layer includes a polarizer.

7. 10. The optical laminate according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal layer is a polarizing film-liquid crystal (POL-LC) or a polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC).

8. The optical laminate according to claim 1, wherein the optical laminate has a solar energy blocking rate of 60% or more as measured by optical performance test method KS L 2016:2014, 6.

3.

9. The optical laminate according to claim 1, wherein the functional conductive layer has at least one crack density value calculated by the following formula 1 at a tensile strain rate of more than 1% and not more than 10%, of which the value is 0 to 0.05: [Formula 1] ρ(ε)=l(ε) / A (In the above formula 1, ε is the tensile strain rate (%), and A is the area of ​​the observation region (mm ２ ), where ρ(ε) is the crack density value of the functional conductive layer calculated at the tensile strain rate ε, and l(ε) is the crack area (mm ２ ) means

10. The optical laminate according to claim 9, wherein the functional conductive layer has a crack density value calculated by the formula 1 of 0 when ε in the formula 1 is 2%.

11. The functional conductive layer has a tensile strain rate of 1% or more and 10% or less, and at least one increase rate of the surface resistance calculated by the following formula 2 is 15% or less. The optical laminate according to claim 1. [Formula 2] δ(ε)=[{R. S(ε) / R. S(0)}-1]×100 (In the above formula 2, the δ(ε) is the sheet resistance increase rate (%) of the functional conductive layer calculated at a tensile strain rate ε, the R.S(ε) is the sheet resistance value (Ω / □) of the functional conductive layer measured at a tensile strain rate ε, the R.S(0) is the sheet resistance value (Ω / □) of the functional conductive layer measured in the initial state where the tensile strain rate is 0%, and the ε has the same meaning as in formula 1.)

12. The functional conductive layer has a tensile strain rate of 1% or more and 10% or less, and at least one increase rate of the sheet resistance calculated by the formula 2 is 14% or less. The optical laminate according to claim 11.

13. The optical laminate according to claim 1 , wherein the functional conductive layer is formed in direct contact with the substrate layer without any separate substrate between the functional conductive layer and the substrate layer.

14. The optical laminate according to claim 1 , wherein the functional conductive layer is formed in direct contact with the base layer via an easy-adhesion layer between the functional conductive layer and the base layer.

15. The optical laminate according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal layer comprises at least one spacer selected from the group consisting of a ball spacer and a column spacer.

16. The optical laminate according to claim 1 , further comprising at least one layer selected from the group consisting of a protective film, an adhesive layer, an ultraviolet absorbing layer, and a hard coating layer.

17. A method for producing the optical laminate according to any one of claims 1 to 16.

18. A smart window comprising the optical laminate of any one of claims 1 to 16.

19. 20. A car in which the smart window according to claim 18 is applied to at least one of a front window, a rear window, a side window, a sunroof window, and an interior partition.

20. 20. Building fittings comprising the smart window of claim 18.

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