WTRU transmission of cell WUS indication when configured with mute pattern

Abstract

A wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) may receive configuration information including one or more synchronization signal block (SSB) muting patterns, one or more cell wake-up signal (WUS) resources, and / or reference signal received power (RSRP). The WTRU may measure a first set of unmuted SSBs associated with the SSB muting pattern. The WTRU may determine that the measurements of each of the first set of unmuted SSBs are below an RSRP threshold. The WTRU may transmit a cell WUS indication based on the determination that the measurements of each of the first set of unmuted SSBs are below the RSRP threshold. The WTRU may receive a WUS response indicating a second set of unmuted SSBs. The WTRU may measure the second set of unmuted SSBs. The WTRU may select an SSB from the second set of unmuted SSBs based on the measurements of the second set of unmuted SSBs.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 445,460, filed February 14, 2023, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. [Background technology]

[0002] A network may consume energy when not transmitting from other activities, such as baseband (digital) processing for reception or beamforming. Therefore, next-generation systems may introduce power-saving enhancements to reduce power consumption. For example, a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) may be configured with a cell's discontinuous transmission (DTX) / DRX pattern to indicate the duration for which the configured cell's DRX pattern is active or inactive. The WTRU may decide to transmit and / or receive on certain resources depending on the network's availability state. The WTRU may send a request to the network to modify the availability state to a state in which resources are available that would satisfy one or more requirements of the WTRU. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Provided herein are systems, methods, and apparatuses related to procedures and / or actions for a WTRU operating in a network energy saving (NES) cell, which may include downlink (DL) synchronization with an NES / discontinuous transmission (DTX) cell, beam searching and / or (re)selection with an NES / DTX cell, and / or sending a cell wake-up signal (WUS) and / or uplink (UL) indication to the NES cell.

[0004] The system, method, and apparatus may include a WTRU that determines whether to transmit a UL indication to trigger transmission of a synchronization signal block (SSB) based on DL synchronization achieved using signals / beams received in the NES / DTX state of the cell.

[0005] The systems, methods, and apparatus may include a WTRU that determines whether to transmit a cell WUS indication when a limited and / or reduced number of SSBs are received according to an SSB muting pattern based on DL synchronization achieved using unmuted SSBs.

[0006] The systems, methods, and apparatus may include a WTRU deciding to transmit a cell WUS indication to request that an existing SSB muting pattern be changed and / or that a new SSB muting pattern be activated.

[0007] Provided herein may be a system, method, and apparatus for a WTRU transmitting a cell WUS indication when configured with a muting pattern. The WTRU may receive configuration information. The configuration information may indicate one or more of a muting pattern for SSBs, one or more cell WUS resources, or a reference signal received power (RSRP) threshold.

[0008] The WTRU may perform one or more of the following, provided that one or more measurements of the unmuted SSBs are below the RSRP threshold: The WTRU may select a first SSB from the unmuted SSBs based on the one or more measurements. The WTRU may transmit a cell wake-up signal (WUS) to the first SSB. The WTRU may receive a WUS response from the first SSB. The WTRU may monitor one or more second SSBs based on the WUS response. The WTRU may select a third SSB from the one or more second SSBs. The WTRU may transmit a random access channel (RACH) message based on the selected second SSB.

[0009] The SSB mute pattern may indicate which SSBs are muted during one or more (e.g., each) burst. The SSB mute pattern may include eight unmuted SSBs per burst with a period of 20 milliseconds (ms). The SSB mute pattern may include four unmuted SSBs per burst with a period of 40 ms.

[0010] The WUS may include one or more of an index to one or more second SSBs, an indication that mute is disabled, an uplink grant, a network energy saving (NES) state identifier (ID), and / or a mute pattern for one or more (e.g., another) SSBs.

[0011] The WTRU may receive configuration information. The configuration information may include an SSB muting pattern, one or more cell WUS resources, and / or an RSRP threshold. The SSB muting pattern may include a periodicity, a starting offset of an SSB burst, and / or the number of SSBs per burst. The SSB muting pattern may indicate which SSBs are muted or unmuted in each of multiple SSB bursts. The unmuted SSBs in consecutive bursts may be the same. The cell WUS resources may include a mapping associated with the unmuted SSBs and / or WUS resources. The WTRU may measure a first set of unmuted SSBs associated with the SSB muting pattern. The WTRU may determine that measurements of each of the first set of unmuted SSBs are below an RSRP threshold. The WTRU may transmit a cell WUS indication based on the determination that measurements of each of the first set of unmuted SSBs are below the RSRP threshold. The WTRU may receive a WUS response indicating a second set of unmuted SSBs. The WTRU may measure a second set of unmuted SSBs. The WTRU may select an SSB from the second set of unmuted SSBs based on the measurements of the second set of unmuted SSBs. The SSB may be selected for transmission of the RACH preamble.

[0012] The WUS response may be received after sending the cell WUS. The WTRU may be configured to trigger measurements of a first set of unmuted SSBs based on a random access (RA) event. The cell WUS indication may be transmitted using resources associated with SSBs of the first set of unmuted SSBs. The selected SSB may be associated with a measured RSRP that is the highest RSRP associated with a second set of SSBs. The WTRU may transmit a random access message based on the selected SSBs. The random access message may be associated with initial access to and establishment of a connection with the network. For example, the WTRU may transmit the initial access message using one or more RACH resources associated with the selected SSBs. The indication of the second set of unmuted SSBs may include one or more of an indication of one or more newly available SSBs and / or a muting pattern for the second SSBs. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0013] [Figure 1A] FIG. 1 is a system diagram illustrating an example communication system in which one or more disclosed embodiments may be implemented. [Figure 1B] 1B is a system diagram illustrating an example wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) that may be used within the communication system shown in FIG. 1A, according to an embodiment. [Figure 1C] 1B is a system diagram illustrating an example radio access network (RAN) and an example core network (CN) that may be used within the communication system shown in FIG. 1A, according to an embodiment. [Figure 1D] 1B is a system diagram illustrating a further exemplary RAN and a further exemplary CN that may be used within the communication system shown in FIG. 1A, according to an embodiment. [Figure 2] 1 is a system diagram illustrating an example of a WTRU that may be configured to achieve downlink (DL) synchronization with discontinuous transmission (DTX) synchronization signal block (SSB) based on a DTX SSB transmission pattern. [Figure 3] FIG. 10 is a system diagram illustrating an example of a WTRU that may be configured to achieve DL synchronization with an unmuted SSB based on the muting pattern of the SSB. [Figure 4] FIG. 10 shows an exemplary expansion of the mute pattern for SSB. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0014] 1A illustrates an example communication system 100 in which one or more disclosed embodiments may be implemented. The communication system 100 may be a multiple-access system that provides content, such as voice, data, video, messaging, broadcasts, etc., to multiple wireless users. The communication system 100 may enable the multiple wireless users to access such content through the sharing of system resources, including wireless bandwidth. For example, the communication system 100 may employ one or more channel access methods, such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), zero-tailed unique word DFT spread OFDM (ZT UW DFT-s OFDM), unique word OFDM (UW-OFDM), resource block-filtered OFDM, filter bank multicarrier (FBMC), etc.

[0015] 1A, communications system 100 may include wireless transmit / receive units (WTRUs) 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, RANs 104 / 113, CNs 106 / 115, public switched telephone network (PSTN) 108, the Internet 110, and other networks 112, although it will be appreciated that the disclosed embodiments contemplate any number of WTRUs, base stations, networks, and / or network elements. Each of WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may be any type of device configured to operate and / or communicate in a wireless environment. By way of example, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, any of which may be referred to as a “station” and / or “STA,” may be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals and may include user equipment (UE), mobile stations, fixed or mobile subscriber units, subscription-based units, pagers, cellular phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), smartphones, laptops, netbooks, personal computers, wireless sensors, hotspots or Mi-Fi devices, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, watches or other wearables, head-mounted displays (HMDs), vehicles, drones, medical devices and applications (e.g., remote surgery), industrial devices and applications (e.g., robots and / or other wireless devices operating in industrial and / or automated processing chain contexts), consumer electronics devices, devices operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, etc. Any of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d may be referred to interchangeably as a WTRU.

[0016] The communications system 100 may also include a base station 114a and / or a base station 114b. Each of the base stations 114a, 114b may be any type of device configured to wirelessly interface with at least one of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to facilitate access to one or more communications networks, such as the CN 106 / 115, the Internet 110, and / or other networks 112. By way of example, the base stations 114a, 114b may be a base transceiver station (BTS), a Node B, an eNodeB, a Home Node B, a Home eNodeB, a gNB, an NR Node B, a site controller, an access point (AP), a wireless router, etc. Although the base stations 114a, 114b are each shown as a single element, it will be appreciated that the base stations 114a, 114b may include any number of interconnected base stations and / or network elements.

[0017] The base station 114a may be part of the RAN 104 / 113, which may also include other base stations and / or network elements (not shown), such as a base station controller (BSC), a radio network controller (RNC), relay nodes, etc. The base station 114a and / or base station 114b may be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals on one or more carrier frequencies, sometimes referred to as a cell (not shown). These frequencies may be in the licensed spectrum, the unlicensed spectrum, or a combination of the licensed and unlicensed spectrum. A cell may provide coverage for wireless services in a particular geographic area, which may be relatively fixed or may change over time. A cell may be further divided into cell sectors. For example, the cell associated with the base station 114a may be divided into three sectors. Thus, in one embodiment, the base station 114a may include three transceivers, i.e., one for each sector of the cell. In an embodiment, the base station 114a may employ multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology and utilize multiple transceivers per sector of the cell. For example, beamforming may be used to transmit and / or receive signals in desired spatial directions.

[0018] The base stations 114a, 114b may communicate with one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d over an air interface 116, which may be any suitable wireless communication link (e.g., radio frequency (RF), microwave, centimeter wave, micrometer wave, infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), visible light, etc.). The air interface 116 may be established using any suitable radio access technology (RAT).

[0019] More particularly, as noted above, the communication system 100 may be a multiple-access system and may employ one or more channel access schemes, such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, SC-FDMA, etc. For example, the base stations 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c in the RAN 104 / 113 may implement a radio technology such as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), which may establish the air interface 115 / 116 / 117 using Wideband CDMA (WCDMA). WCDMA may include communication protocols such as High Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA) and / or Evolved HSPA (HSPA+). HSPA may include High Speed ​​Downlink (DL) Packet Access (HSDPA) and / or High Speed ​​UL Packet Access (HSUPA).

[0020] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA), which may establish the air interface 116 using Long Term Evolution (LTE) and / or LTE Advanced (LTE-A) and / or LTE Advanced Pro (LTE-A Pro).

[0021] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as New Radio (NR) radio access, which may establish the air interface 116 using NR.

[0022] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement multiple radio access technologies. For example, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may jointly implement LTE and NR radio access, e.g., using a dual connectivity (DC) principle. Thus, the air interface utilized by the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be characterized by transmissions sent to and from multiple types of radio access technologies and / or multiple types of base stations (e.g., eNBs and gNBs).

[0023] In other embodiments, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a wireless technology such as IEEE 802.11 (i.e., Wireless Fidelity (WiFi)), IEEE 802.16 (i.e., Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)), CDMA2000, CDMA2000 1X, CDMA2000EV-DO, Interim Standard 2000 (IS-2000), Interim Standard 95 (IS-95), Interim Standard 856 (IS-856), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), GSM EDGE (GERAN), or the like.

[0024] 1A may be, for example, a wireless router, a Home NodeB, a Home eNodeB, or an access point and may utilize any suitable RAT to facilitate wireless connectivity in a local area, such as a workplace, a home, a vehicle, a premises, an industrial facility, an air corridor (e.g., for use by drones), a road, etc. In one embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may implement a radio technology such as IEEE 802.11 to establish a wireless local area network (WLAN). In an embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may implement a radio technology such as IEEE 802.15 to establish a wireless personal area network (WPAN). In yet another embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may utilize a cellular-based RAT (e.g., WCDMA, CDMA2000, GSM, LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR, etc.) to establish a picocell or femtocell. 1A, the base station 114b may have a direct connection to the Internet 110. Thus, the base station 114b may not need to access the Internet 110 via the CN 106 / 115.

[0025] The RAN 104 / 113 may be in communication with the CN 106 / 115, which may be any type of network configured to provide voice, data, application, and / or Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) services to one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d. The data may have varying Quality of Service (QoS) requirements, such as different throughput, latency, error resilience, reliability, data throughput, mobility, etc. The CN 106 / 115 may provide call control, billing services, mobile location services, prepaid calling, Internet connectivity, video distribution, etc., and / or perform high-level security functions such as user authentication. Although not shown in FIG. 1A , it will be appreciated that the RAN 104 / 113 and / or the CN 106 / 115 may be in direct or indirect communication with other RANs employing the same RAT as the RAN 104 / 113 or a different RAT. For example, in addition to being connected to the RAN 104 / 113, which may utilize NR radio technology, the CN 106 / 115 may also be in communication with another RAN (not shown) that employs GSM, UMTS, CDMA2000, WiMAX, E-UTRA, or WiFi radio technology.

[0026] The CN 106 / 115 may also serve as a gateway for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to access the PSTN 108, the Internet 110, and / or other networks 112. The PSTN 108 may include a circuit-switched telephone network providing plain old telephone service (POTS). The Internet 110 may include a global system of interconnected computer networks and devices that use common communication protocols, such as Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), User Datagram Protocol (UDP), and / or Internet Protocol (IP) in the TCP / IP Internet protocol suite. The network 112 may include wired and / or wireless communication networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. For example, the network 112 may include another CN connected to one or more RANs, which may employ the same RAT as the RAN 104 / 113 or a different RAT.

[0027] Some or all of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d in the communications system 100 may include multi-mode capabilities (e.g., the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may include multiple transceivers for communicating with different wireless networks over different wireless links). For example, the WTRU 102c shown in FIG. 1A may be configured to communicate with a base station 114a that may employ cellular-based wireless technology and may be configured to communicate with a base station 114b that may employ IEEE 802.2 wireless technology.

[0028] 1B is a system diagram illustrating an example WTRU 102. As shown in FIG. 1B, the WTRU 102 may include, among other things, a processor 118, a transceiver 120, a transmit / receive element 122, a speaker / microphone 124, a keypad 126, a display / touchpad 128, non-removable memory 130, removable memory 132, a power source 134, a GPS chipset 136, and / or other peripherals 138. It will be appreciated that the WTRU 102 may include any sub-combination of the above elements while remaining consistent with an embodiment.

[0029] The processor 118 may be a general-purpose processor, a special-purpose processor, a conventional processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors associated with a DSP core, a controller, a microcontroller, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) circuit, other types of integrated circuits (ICs), a state machine, etc. The processor 118 may perform signal coding, data processing, power control, input / output processing, and / or any other functionality that enables the WTRU 102 to operate in a wireless environment. The processor 118 may be coupled to the transceiver 120, which may be coupled to the transmit / receive element 122. While FIG. 1B depicts the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 as separate components, it will be appreciated that the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 may be incorporated together in an electronic package or chip.

[0030] The transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit signals to or receive signals from a base station (e.g., base station 114a) over the air interface 116. For example, in one embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be an antenna configured to transmit and / or receive RF signals. In an embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be an emitter / detector configured to transmit and / or receive, for example, IR, UV, or visible light signals. In yet another embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit and / or receive both RF and light signals. It will be appreciated that the transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit and / or receive any combination of wireless signals.

[0031] 1B as a single element, the WTRU 102 may include any number of transmit / receive elements 122. More particularly, the WTRU 102 may employ MIMO technology. Thus, in one embodiment, the WTRU 102 may include two or more transmit / receive elements 122 (e.g., multiple antennas) for transmitting and receiving wireless signals over the air interface 116.

[0032] The transceiver 120 may be configured to modulate signals to be transmitted by the transmit / receive element 122 and demodulate signals received by the transmit / receive element 122. As mentioned above, the WTRU 102 may have multi-mode capabilities. Thus, the transceiver 120 may include multiple transceivers to enable the WTRU 102 to communicate via multiple RATs, such as, for example, NR and IEEE 802.11.

[0033] The processor 118 of the WTRU 102 may be coupled to and may receive user input data from a speaker / microphone 124, a keypad 126, and / or a display / touchpad 128 (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD) display unit or an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display unit). The processor 118 may also output user data to the speaker / microphone 124, the keypad 126, and / or the display / touchpad 128. Furthermore, the processor 118 may access information from and store data in any type of suitable memory, such as non-removable memory 130 and / or removable memory 132. The non-removable memory 130 may include random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), a hard disk, or any other type of memory storage device. The removable memory 132 may include a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, a memory stick, a secure digital (SD) memory card, etc. In other embodiments, the processor 118 may access information from and store data in memory that is not physically located on the WTRU 102, such as on a server or home computer (not shown).

[0034] The processor 118 may receive power from the power source 134 and may be configured to distribute and / or control the power to other components in the WTRU 102. The power source 134 may be any suitable device for powering the WTRU 102. For example, the power source 134 may include one or more dry cell batteries (e.g., nickel-cadmium (NiCd), nickel-zinc (NiZn), nickel-metal hydride (NiMH), lithium-ion (Li-ion), etc.), solar cells, fuel cells, etc.

[0035] The processor 118 may also be coupled to a GPS chipset 136, which may be configured to provide location information (e.g., longitude and latitude) regarding the current location of the WTRU 102. In addition to, or instead of, information from the GPS chipset 136, the WTRU 102 may receive location information from base stations (e.g., base stations 114a, 114b) over the air interface 116 and / or determine its location based on the timing of signals being received from two or more nearby base stations. It will be appreciated that the WTRU 102 may acquire location information via any suitable location determination method while remaining consistent with an embodiment.

[0036] The processor 118 may further be coupled to other peripherals 138, which may include one or more software and / or hardware modules that provide additional features, functionality, and / or wired or wireless connectivity. For example, the peripherals 138 may include an accelerometer, an e-compass, a satellite transceiver, a digital camera (for photos and / or videos), a universal serial bus (USB) port, a vibration device, a television transceiver, a hands-free headset, a Bluetooth module, a frequency modulation (FM) radio unit, a digital music player, a media player, a video game player module, an internet browser, a virtual reality and / or augmented reality (VR / AR) device, an activity tracker, etc. The peripherals 138 may include one or more sensors, which may be one or more of a gyroscope, an accelerometer, a Hall effect sensor, a magnetometer, an orientation sensor, a proximity sensor, a temperature sensor, a time sensor, a geolocation sensor, an altimeter, a light sensor, a touch sensor, a magnetometer, a barometer, a gesture sensor, a biometric sensor, and / or a humidity sensor.

[0037] The WTRU 102 may include a full-duplex radio where transmission and reception of some or all of the signals (e.g., associated with a particular subframe for both the UL (e.g., for transmission) and the downlink (e.g., for reception)) may be parallel and / or simultaneous. The full-duplex radio may include an interference management unit 139 to reduce and / or substantially eliminate self-interference through either hardware (e.g., chokes) or signal processing via a processor (e.g., a separate processor (not shown) or via processor 118). In an embodiment, the WTRU 102 may include a half-duplex radio for transmission and reception of some or all of the signals (e.g., associated with a particular subframe for either the UL (e.g., for transmission) or the downlink (e.g., for reception)).

[0038] 1C is a system diagram illustrating the RAN 104 and the CN 106, according to an embodiment. As mentioned above, the RAN 104 may employ E-UTRA radio technology to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. The RAN 104 may also be in communication with the CN 106.

[0039] The RAN 104 may include eNodeBs 160a, 160b, and 160c, although it will be appreciated that the RAN 104 may include any number of eNodeBs while remaining consistent with an embodiment. The eNodeBs 160a, 160b, and 160c may each include one or more transceivers for communicating with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c over the air interface 116. In one embodiment, the eNodeBs 160a, 160b, and 160c may implement MIMO technology. Thus, the eNodeB 160a may use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals to and / or receive wireless signals from the WTRU 102a, for example.

[0040] Each of the eNodeBs 160a, 160b, 160c may be associated with a particular cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, scheduling of users in the UL and / or DL, etc. As shown in FIG. 1C, the eNodeBs 160a, 160b, 160c may communicate with one another via an X2 interface.

[0041] 1C may include a mobility management entity (MME) 162, a serving gateway (SGW) 164, and a packet data network (PDN) gateway (or PGW) 166. While each of the above elements is shown as part of the CN 106, it will be appreciated that any of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0042] The MME 162 may be connected to each of the eNodeBs 162a, 162b, 162c in the RAN 104 via an S1 interface and may act as a control node. For example, the MME 162 may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, bearer activation / deactivation, selecting a particular serving gateway during initial attach of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, etc. The MME 162 may provide a control plane function for switching between the RAN 104 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies such as GSM and / or WCDMA.

[0043] The SGW 164 may be connected to each of the eNodeBs 160a, 160b, 160c in the RAN 104 via an S1 interface. The SGW 164 may generally route and forward user data packets to and from the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. The SGW 164 may perform other functions such as anchoring the user plane during handovers between eNodeBs, triggering paging when DL data is available for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, managing and storing the context of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, etc.

[0044] The SGW 164 may be connected to a PGW 166 that may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices.

[0045] The CN 106 may facilitate communication with other networks. For example, the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to circuit-switched networks, such as the PSTN 108, to facilitate communication between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and traditional fixed communication devices. For example, the CN 106 may include or communicate with an IP gateway (e.g., an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) server) that acts as an interface between the CN 106 and the PSTN 108. Additionally, the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to other networks 112, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks owned and / or operated by other service providers.

[0046] Although the WTRU is depicted in FIGS. 1A-1D as a wireless terminal, in some representative embodiments in which such a terminal may be used (e.g., temporarily or permanently), it is contemplated that wired communications will interface with the communications network.

[0047] In a representative embodiment, the other network 112 may be a WLAN.

[0048] A WLAN in infrastructure basic service set (BSS) mode may have an access point (AP) for the BSS and one or more stations (STAs) associated with the AP. The AP may have access to or interface with a distribution system (DS) or another type of wired / wireless network that carries traffic into and out of the BSS. Traffic to a STA originating from outside the BSS may arrive through the AP and be sent to the STA. Traffic originating from a STA to a destination outside the BSS may be sent to the AP for delivery to the respective destination. Traffic between STAs within a BSS may be sent through the AP, e.g., where a source STA may send traffic to the AP, and the AP may send traffic to the destination STA. Traffic between STAs within a BSS may be considered and / or referred to as peer-to-peer traffic. Peer-to-peer traffic may be sent between (e.g., directly between) a source STA and a destination STA using direct link setup (DLS). In some representative embodiments, the DLS may use 802.11e DLS or 802.11z tunneled DLS (TDLS). A WLAN using an Independent BSS (IBSS) mode may not have an AP, and STAs within or using the IBSS (e.g., all of the STAs) may communicate directly with each other. The IBSS communication mode is sometimes referred to herein as an "ad hoc" communication mode.

[0049] When using the 802.11ac infrastructure mode of operation or a similar mode of operation, an AP may transmit beacons on a fixed channel, such as a primary channel. The primary channel may be a fixed width (e.g., a 20 MHz wide bandwidth) or dynamically configured via signaling. The primary channel may be the operating channel of the BSS and may be used by STAs to establish a connection with the AP. In some representative embodiments, carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA / CA) may be implemented, for example, in an 802.11 system. In CSMA / CA, STAs (e.g., every STA), including the AP, may sense the primary channel. If the primary channel is sensed / detected by a particular STA and / or determined to be busy, the particular STA may back off. One STA (e.g., only one station) may transmit at a given time in a given BSS.

[0050] A high-throughput (HT) STA may use a 40 MHz wide channel for communication, for example, via a combination of a primary 20 MHz channel with adjacent or non-adjacent 20 MHz channels to form a 40 MHz wide channel.

[0051] A Very High Throughput (VHT) STA may support 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, and / or 160 MHz wide channels. 40 MHz and / or 80 MHz channels may be formed by combining contiguous 20 MHz channels. A 160 MHz channel may be formed by combining eight contiguous 20 MHz channels or by combining two non-contiguous 80 MHz channels, sometimes referred to as an 80+80 configuration. In the 80+80 configuration, data may be passed through a segment parser that may split the data into two streams after channel encoding. Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) processing and time-domain processing may be performed separately on each stream. The streams may be mapped onto two 80 MHz channels, and the data may be transmitted by the transmitting STA. At the receiver of the receiving STA, the operations described above for the 80+80 configuration may be reversed, and the combined data may be transmitted to the Medium Access Control (MAC).

[0052] Sub-1 GHz operating modes are supported by 802.11af and 802.11ah. Channel operating bandwidths and carriers are reduced in 802.11af and 802.11ah compared to those used in 802.11n and 802.11ac. 802.11af supports 5 MHz, 10 MHz, and 20 MHz bandwidths in the TV White Space (TVWS) spectrum, while 802.11ah supports 1 MHz, 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz, and 16 MHz bandwidths using non-TVWS spectrum. According to representative embodiments, 802.11ah may support meter-type control / machine-type communications, such as MTC devices, in macro coverage areas. MTC devices may have limited capabilities, including, for example, support for some and / or limited bandwidths (e.g., only support for some). MTC devices may include batteries with above-threshold battery life (e.g., to maintain very long battery life).

[0053] WLAN systems that can support multiple channels and channel bandwidths, such as 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11af, and 802.11ah, include a channel that can be designated as a primary channel. The primary channel can have a bandwidth equal to the largest common operating bandwidth supported by all STAs in the BSS. The bandwidth of the primary channel can be set and / or limited by the STA that supports the smallest bandwidth operating mode among all STAs operating in the BSS. In an 802.11ah example, the primary channel can be 1 MHz wide for a STA (e.g., an MTC-type device) that supports (e.g., only supports) the 1 MHz mode, even if the AP and other STAs in the BSS support 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz, 16 MHz, and / or other channel bandwidth operating modes. Carrier sensing and / or network allocation vector (NAV) setting can depend on the status of the primary channel. For example, if the primary channel is busy due to a STA (that only supports 1 MHz mode of operation) transmitting to the AP, the entire available frequency band may be considered busy, even though most of the frequency band may remain idle and be available for use.

[0054] In the United States, the available frequency bands that can be used by 802.11ah are from 902 MHz to 928 MHz. In South Korea, the available frequency bands are from 917.5 MHz to 923.5 MHz. In Japan, the available frequency bands are from 916.5 MHz to 927.5 MHz. The total available bandwidth for 802.11ah is 6 MHz to 26 MHz depending on the country code.

[0055] 1D is a system diagram illustrating the RAN 113 and the CN 115, according to an embodiment. As noted above, the RAN 113 may employ NR radio technology to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. The RAN 113 may also be in communication with the CN 115.

[0056] The RAN 113 may include gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c, although it will be appreciated that the RAN 113 may include any number of gNBs while remaining consistent with an embodiment. The gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may each include one or more transceivers for communicating with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c over the air interface 116. In one embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may implement MIMO technology. For example, the gNBs 180a, 180b may utilize beamforming to transmit signals to and / or receive signals from the gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c. Thus, the gNB 180a may use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals to and / or receive wireless signals from, for example, the WTRU 102a. In an embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may implement carrier aggregation technology. For example, the gNB 180a may transmit multiple component carriers to the WTRU 102a (not shown). A subset of these component carriers may be on an unlicensed spectrum, while the remaining component carriers may be on a licensed spectrum. In an embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may implement coordinated multipoint (CoMP) technology. For example, the WTRU 102a may receive coordinated transmissions from the gNBs 180a and 180b (and / or 180c).

[0057] The WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using transmissions associated with a scalable numerology. For example, the OFDM symbol spacing and / or OFDM subcarrier spacing may vary for different transmissions, different cells, and / or different portions of the wireless transmission spectrum. The WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using subframes or transmission time intervals (TTIs) of varying or scalable lengths (e.g., including different numbers of OFDM symbols and / or lasting for varying lengths of absolute time).

[0058] The gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may be configured to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c in a standalone configuration and / or a non-standalone configuration. In a standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c without accessing another RAN (e.g., eNodeBs 160a, 160b, 160c, etc.). In a standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may utilize one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c as mobility anchor points. In a standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using signals in unlicensed bands. In a non-standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with / connect to a gNB 180a, 180b, 180c while also communicating with / connecting to another RAN, such as an eNodeB 160a, 160b, 160c. For example, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement DC principles to communicate with one or more gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c and one or more eNodeBs 160a, 160b, 160c substantially simultaneously. In a non-standalone configuration, the eNodeBs 160a, 160b, 160c may act as mobility anchors for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may provide additional coverage and / or throughput for serving the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c.

[0059] Each of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may be associated with a particular cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, scheduling of users in the UL and / or DL, support for network slicing, dual connectivity, internetworking between NR and E-UTRA, routing of user plane data towards user plane functions (UPFs) 184a, 184b, routing of control plane information towards access and mobility management functions (AMFs) 182a, 182b, etc. As shown in FIG. 1D, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may communicate with one another via an Xn interface.

[0060] 1D may include at least one AMF 182a, 182b, at least one UPF 184a, 184b, at least one Session Management Function (SMF) 183a, 183b, and possibly a Data Network (DN) 185a, 185b. While each of the above elements is shown as part of the CN 115, it will be appreciated that any of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0061] The AMF 182a, 182b may be connected to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in the RAN 113 via an N2 interface and may act as a control node. For example, the AMF 182a, 182b may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, supporting network slicing (e.g., handling different PDU sessions with different requirements), selecting a particular SMF 183a, 183b, managing registration areas, terminating NAS signaling, mobility management, etc. Network slicing may be used by the AMF 182a, 182b to customize the CN support of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c based on the type of service being utilized by the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. For example, different network slices may be established for different use cases, such as services relying on highly reliable and low latency (URLLC) access, services relying on enhanced massive mobile broadband (eMBB) access, services with machine-type communications (MTC) access, etc. The AMF 162 may provide a control plane function for switching between the RAN 113 and other RANs (not shown) employing other radio technologies, such as LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, and / or non-3GPP access technologies, such as WiFi.

[0062] The SMFs 183a, 183b may be connected to the AMFs 182a, 182b in the CN 115 via an N11 interface. The SMFs 183a, 183b may also be connected to the UPFs 184a, 184b in the CN 115 via an N4 interface. The SMFs 183a, 183b may select and control the UPFs 184a, 184b and configure the routing of traffic through the UPFs 184a, 184b. The SMFs 183a, 183b may perform other functions such as managing and allocating IP addresses for WTRUs, managing PDU sessions, controlling policy enforcement and QoS, providing downlink data notifications, etc. The type of PDU session may be IP-based, non-IP-based, Ethernet-based, etc.

[0063] The UPFs 184a, 184b may be connected to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in the RAN 113 via an N3 interface, which may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks such as the Internet 110 to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices. The UPFs 184a, 184b may perform other functions such as routing and forwarding packets, enforcing user plane policies, supporting multi-homed PDU sessions, handling user plane QoS, buffering downlink packets, providing mobility anchoring, etc.

[0064] The CN 115 may facilitate communication with other networks. For example, the CN 115 may include or communicate with an IP gateway (e.g., an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) server) that acts as an interface between the CN 115 and the PSTN 108. Additionally, the CN 115 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to other networks 112, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. In one embodiment, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be connected to the local data networks (DNs) 185a, 185b through the UPFs 184a, 184b via an N3 interface to the UPFs 184a, 184b and an N6 interface between the UPFs 184a, 184b and the DNs 185a, 185b.

[0065] 1A-1D and the corresponding description thereof, one or more or all of the functions described herein with respect to one or more of the WTRUs 102a-d, base stations 114a-b, eNodeBs 160a-c, MME 162, SGW 164, PGW 166, gNBs 180a-c, AMFs 182a-b, UPFs 184a-b, SMFs 183a-b, DNs 185a-b, and / or any other devices described herein may be performed by one or more emulation devices (not shown). The emulation devices may be one or more devices configured to emulate one or more or all of the functions described herein. For example, the emulation devices may be used to test other devices and / or simulate network and / or WTRU functionality.

[0066] The emulation device may be designed to perform one or more tests of other devices in a lab environment and / or an operator network environment. For example, one or more emulation devices may perform one or more or all functions while fully or partially implemented and / or deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network to test other devices in the communication network. One or more emulation devices may perform one or more or all functions while temporarily implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. The emulation device may be directly coupled to another device for testing and / or may perform testing using over-the-air wireless communication.

[0067] The one or more emulation devices may perform one or more functions, including but not limited to, without being implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. For example, the emulation devices may be utilized in a test laboratory and / or test scenario in an undeployed (e.g., test) wired and / or wireless communication network to implement testing of one or more components. The one or more emulation devices may be test equipment. Direct RF coupling and / or wireless communication via RF circuitry (which may include, e.g., one or more antennas) may be used by the emulation devices to transmit and / or receive data.

[0068] The 3GPP RAN may include one or more studies on network energy conservation. The one or more studies may include enhancements that enable the network to minimize its power consumption from transmission and / or reception. Such minimization may be beneficial to reducing operating costs and / or environmental sustainability.

[0069] Compared to previous systems, the NR design of legacy systems / architectures (e.g., as described in Rel-15) can be significantly (e.g., extremely) efficient in terms of minimizing transmissions from the network when there is no data. For example, always-on cell-specific reference signals (CRS) may not be used in NR. In examples, there may still be potential for energy consumption reduction. For example, the network may still consume energy when not transmitting from other activities such as baseband (e.g., digital) processing for reception and / or beamforming. Such power (e.g., idle power) consumption may not be negligible in dense networks even when no WTRUs are served during a given period. If the network could turn off one or more of these activities when not transmitting to a WTRU, energy consumption could be reduced.

[0070] Unlike LTE, NR may not include always-on synchronization and / or reference signal transmission and / or support adaptive bandwidth and / or MIMO functionality. Network resource adaptation may not impact legacy WTRUs. Network resource adaptation may enable higher (e.g., greater) efficiency in additional / enhanced (e.g., newer) deployments and / or subsequent (e.g., later) generation operation.

[0071] The following terms may be used herein:

[0072] The terms synchronization signal block and / or SS / Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) block may include one or more of a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS), a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS), a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) (Data, MIB), and a PBCH (DMRS). One or more SSBs may be transmitted by a base station in a direction different from the beam. The number of SSB beams in an SSB burst set may depend on the carrier frequency. For example, an SSB burst may include four SSBs in FR1 (<3 GHz), eight SSBs in FR1 (3 to 6 GHz), and 64 SSBs in FR2. An SSB burst set may be transmitted periodically within an interval (e.g., 5 milliseconds (ms)).

[0073] The term system information (SI) may include one or more master information blocks (MIBs) and / or one or more system information blocks (SIBs). The WTRU may receive the MIB on a broadcast channel (BCH) with a periodicity (e.g., 80 ms) and / or with one or more (e.g., several) repetitions (e.g., within 80 ms). The MIB may include several parameters required to obtain SIB1 from the cell. The first transmission of the MIB may be scheduled in several subframes, and / or the repetitions may be scheduled according to the duration of the SSB. SIB1 may be referred to as the minimum remaining SI (RMSI). SIB1 may be received on a DL shared channel (DL-SCH) with a periodicity (e.g., 160 ms) and / or with a variable transmission repetition periodicity (e.g., within 160 ms). SIB1 may include information regarding the availability and / or scheduling of other SIBs (e.g., mapping of SIBs to SI messages, periodicity, SI window size), with an indication of whether one or more SIBs can be provided on demand (e.g., only). If an SIB is provided on demand (e.g., only), SIB1 may include an identifier / index associated with the SIB that the WTRU may indicate during an on-demand SI request. SIB1 may be a cell-specific SIB. Other SIBs (e.g., SIB2, SIB3, positioning SIB (posSIB)) may be carried in (SI) messages. Other SIBs (e.g., SIB2, SIB3, posSIB) may be received on the DL-SCH. SIBs and / or posSIBs with the same periodicity may be mapped to the same SI message. Every SIB and / or posSIB except SIB1 may be configured to be cell-specific and / or area-specific. For example, every SIB and / or posSIB except SIB1 may be configured to be cell-specific by using an indication in SIB1. A cell-specific SIB may be applicable (e.g., only) within the cell providing the SIB. An area-specific SIB may be applicable within an area. An area may be referred to as an SI area.An SI area may include one or more cells and / or may be identified by a systemInformationAreaID.

[0074] The term channel state information (CSI) may include one or more of a channel quality index (CQI), a rank indicator (RI), a precoding matrix index (PMI), an L1 channel measurement (e.g., an RSRP such as L1-RSRP or SINR), a CSI-RS resource indicator (CRI), an SS / PBCH block resource indicator (SSBRI), a layer indicator (LI), and / or any other measurement quantity measured by the WTRU from a configured CSI-RS and / or SS / PBCH (SSB) block.

[0075] The term uplink control information (UCI) may include one or more of Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) feedback for one or more HARQ processes, a Scheduling Request (SR), a Link Restoration Request (LRR), a configured grant or Cell Group (CG)-UCI, and / or other control information bits that may be transmitted on the Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) and / or the Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH).

[0076] The phrase phase channel conditions may include any condition related to radio / channel conditions, which may be determined by the WTRU from one or more of WTRU measurements (e.g., L1 / SINR / RSRP, CQI / MCS, channel occupancy, received signal strength indicator (RSSI), power headroom, exposed headroom), L3 / mobility-based measurements (e.g., RSRP, reference signal received quality (RSRQ), s-measure), radio link monitoring (RLM) status, and / or channel availability in the unlicensed spectrum (e.g., whether the channel is occupied based on a listen-before-talk (LBT) procedure determination or whether the channel is deemed to have experienced consistent LBT failures).

[0077] The physical random access channel (PRACH) resources may include one or more of the following: PRACH resources (e.g., in frequency), PRACH opportunities (ROs) (e.g., in time), preamble formats (e.g., in terms of total preamble duration, sequence length, guard duration, and / or cyclic prefix length), and / or certain preamble sequences used for transmitting preambles during the random access procedure.

[0078] Properties of the scheduling information (e.g., uplink grant or downlink assignment) may include one or more of: frequency allocation, time allocation (e.g., duration), priority, modulation and / or coding scheme, transport block size, number of spatial layers, number of transport blocks to be carried, transmission configuration indicator (TCI) status or sounding reference signal (SRS) resource indicator (SRI), number of repetitions, and / or whether the grant may be a configured grant type 1, type 2, and / or a dynamic grant.

[0079] The indication (e.g., by the Downlink Control Information (DCI)) may include one or more of the following: Explicit indication by a DCI field used to mask the cyclic redundancy check (CRC) of the physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) or by a radio network temporary identifier (RNTI); Implicit indication by properties such as DCI format, DCI size, core set or search space, aggregation level, identity of the first control channel resource for the DCI (e.g., index of the first control channel element (CCE)), where the mapping between the property and the value may be signaled by RRC or MAC; Explicit indication by DL MAC CE.

[0080] The terms network, cell, base station and / or gNB may be used interchangeably herein.

[0081] The terms SSB and / or beam may be used interchangeably herein.

[0082] The terms network availability state, cell DTX mode / configuration, and / or NES state may be used interchangeably herein.

[0083] Provided herein may be systems, methods, and apparatus for cell DTX and / or cell discontinuous reception (DRX).

[0084] The gNB may (e.g., currently) use reduced downlink transmission / uplink reception activity without explicit cell DTX / DRX patterns constrained by WTRU DRX configuration and / or any configured transmission / reception (e.g., common channels / signals). Connected mode DRX (C-DRX) may be configured per WTRU. Alignment of DRX cycles and / or offsets for different WTRUs may be done via RRC. During a WTRU's DRX off period, the WTRU may not expect to monitor the PDCCH, but the WTRU may start UL transmission according to configured resources (e.g., using PUCCH, RACH, SR and / or CG-PUSCH). Alignment and / or omission of DRX patterns across multiple WTRUs may be achieved via gNB implementation.

[0085] Cell DTX / DRX may be intended to provide one or more mechanisms to inform a WTRU whether the cell will remain inactive. This may include extensions to the WTRU DRX configuration (e.g., to align / omit DRX cycles and / or start DRX offsets for WTRUs in connected or idle / inactive mode, potentially allowing a longer opportunity for cell inactivity). During cell DTX / DRX, for example, the cell may have reduced (e.g., no) transmission / reception or keep limited (e.g., only) transmission / reception. For example, the cell may not transmit and / or receive one or more (e.g., some) periodic signals / channels (e.g., common channels / signals and / or WTRU-specific signals / channels).

[0086] Cell DTX / DRX may apply to one or more WTRUs in the RRC_CONNECTED state. Periodic cell DTX / DRX (e.g., active and inactive periods) may be configured by the gNB via WTRU-specific RRC signaling for each serving cell. The cell DTX / DRX mode may be activated / deactivated via dynamic L1 / L2 signaling and / or WTRU-specific RRC signaling. Both WTRU-specific signaling and common L1 / L2 signaling may be considered for activating / deactivating the cell DTX / DRX mode. Cell DTX and / or cell DRX mode may be configured and / or operated separately (e.g., one RRC configuration set for DL ​​and / or another RRC configuration set for UL). Additionally or alternatively, cell DTX / DRX may be configured and / or operated jointly. One or more of the following parameters may be configured for each cell DTX / DRX configuration: Periodicity, starting slot / offset, and / or on duration. Additionally or alternatively, the DTX indication of the cell may be part of the SI update and / or SIB signaling. There may be a common time for one or more (e.g., all) WTRUs to determine the DTX status of the cell.

[0087] Systems, methods, and apparatus may be provided herein relating to network availability status, DTX mode of a cell, and / or NES status.

[0088] The WTRU may decide to transmit and / or receive on one or more resources. The WTRU may decide whether to transmit and / or receive on some resources depending on the network availability state, which may imply the power saving status of the gNB. The availability state may correspond to the network energy saving state, the cell's DTX mode, the cell's DRX mode, and / or the gNB activity level. The availability state may be specific to the uplink or downlink and / or may change on a symbol-by-symbol, slot-by-slot, frame-by-frame, and / or longer duration granularity. The availability state may be determined by the WTRU and / or indicated by the network. The availability state may be, for example, on, DL and UL active, UL only active, off, reduced Tx power, dormant, microsleep, light sleep, and / or deep sleep. Such states may be abstracted by one or more network (NW) configuration parameters and / or values. A dynamic indication may point to an active availability state (e.g., by DCI or MAC CE signaling). An off availability state may imply that the gNB's baseband hardware is turned off (e.g., completely). A sleep availability state may imply that the gNB periodically wakes up to transmit some signals (e.g., presence signals, synchronization, and / or reference signals) and / or receive some UL signals. In one or more (e.g., some) availability states, one or more (e.g., some) DL and / or UL resources may be unavailable during some time periods. Unavailability of DL and / or UL resources may enable the network to turn off baseband processing and / or other activities. One or more (e.g., some) measurement resources (e.g., SSB and / or CSI-RS) may be made available (e.g., only) in some availability states, including one or more of RLM, beam failure detection (BFD), radio resource management (RRM) measurements, CSI-RS feedback configuration, and / or power offsets that vary by CSI feedback.

[0089] Under some conditions, for example, the WTRU may further send a request (e.g., an activation request and / or an activation signal / indication) to the network to modify the availability state to a state in which one or more resources are available that would satisfy the WTRU requirements.

[0090] The WTRU may determine the availability status, for example, from receiving an availability status indication from L1 / L2 signaling (e.g., a group-common DCI or indication), and / or may implicitly determine the availability status from receiving periodic DL signaling or lack thereof.

[0091] The WTRU may determine whether resources are available for transmission / reception and / or measurement for the determined network availability state if the resources are applicable in the active availability state. Additionally or alternatively, the WTRU may adapt its active C-DRX cycle, active spatial elements (e.g., antennas and / or logical ports), active transmission / reception points (TRPs), and paging occasions according to the signaled and / or determined availability state. The WTRU may be configured with one or more sets of NES transmission and / or reception parameters for each availability state (e.g., by broadcast or dedicated configuration signaling). The WTRU may apply the NES parameter set according to the determined or signaled availability state. The WTRU may apply one or more applicable configurations according to the determined NES state. The set of NES parameters may include one or more (e.g., some) of antenna ports, C-DRX configuration, measurement configuration (e.g., for RRM, RLM, and / or BFD), CSI feedback, CSI-RS configuration, SSB configuration, conditional handover (CHO) or mobility candidates, and / or a set of active TRPs.

[0092] The availability state may be applicable to one or more transmission, reception, and / or measurement resources. The availability state may be applicable to one or more time periods, such as a time slot and / or a time symbol. The availability state may be applicable to a serving cell, a cell group, a frequency band, a bandwidth portion, a TRP, a set of spatial elements, and / or a frequency range within a bandwidth portion. For example, when the NES state changes in a cell, the WTRU may receive an availability state change indication indicating that this change is for that cell only, for one or more (e.g., all) cells on the same frequency and / or of the same RAT.

[0093] The WTRU may consider that the active availability state associated with the cell, carrier, TRP, and / or frequency band should be off, deep sleep, or microsleep based on (e.g., after) receiving DL signaling that changes the availability state of the cell and / or TRP. For example, the WTRU may receive a power-off command for broadcast signaling, RRC signaling, DCI (e.g., a group-common DCI), and / or DL ​​MAC CE (e.g., an indication portion of a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH)). The WTRU may determine the availability state from, e.g., receiving an availability state indication from, e.g., L1 / L2 signaling (e.g., a group-common DCI or indication) and / or broadcast signaling related to the availability state. For example, the availability state change indication may also or alternatively be part of an SI update and / or SIB signaling (e.g., in a separate SIB not read by legacy WTRUs). There may be a common time for one or more (eg, all) WTRUs in a cell to determine the availability status.

[0094] The WTRU may implicitly determine (e.g., assume) an availability state (e.g., "off," "deep sleep," "microsleep," or "dormant") associated with a cell, carrier, TRP, and / or frequency band. For example, the WTRU may implicitly determine an availability state from reception of a paging message (e.g., a paging DCI, a paging PDSCH, or a paging-related signal, e.g., a PEI), a gNB DTX status (e.g., whether the gNB is in active time or an associated activity timer is running), lack of detection of a presence indication, the availability state of an associated cell, and / or measured channel conditions below or above a threshold.

[0095] A WTRU may be configured to monitor indications that may characterize a level of network activity (e.g., availability state). The network activity may be associated with a gNB and / or a cell. The WTRU may determine (e.g., assume) the same availability state for one or more (e.g., all) cell portions of the same gNB (e.g., cells of the same MAC entity). A network activity indication (e.g., a presence indication) may include a channel (e.g., a PDCCH) and / or a signal (e.g., a sequence). An activity indication (e.g., referred to as a cell activity indication) and / or an NES state change indication / command may indicate a level of activity, e.g., reduced activity, that the WTRU may expect from the associated gNB and / or cell. An activity indication may include activity information of other gNBs / cells. An activity indication may be a PDCCH and / or may include group-common signaling. For example, the NW may transmit a group-wide DCI to a group of WTRUs (e.g., WTRUs in a serving cell) indicating a change in activity state and / or activity level in the UL and / or DL. The CRC of the PDCCH may be scrambled with a dedicated activity indicator RNTI or NES-RNTI. The WTRU may be configured with one or more search spaces associated with monitoring opportunities for the activity indicator PDCCH. The indication may include a go-to-sleep signal, e.g., a predefined sequence. When the WTRU detects this sequence, for example, the WTRU may expect a reduced activity level for a specific duration. The WTRU may activate C-DRX for the indicated time period. Additionally or alternatively, two or more sequences may be used to indicate normal activity and / or reduced activity.

[0096] The signaling within the PDCCH and / or activity indicator may include one or more of: an expected activity level (e.g., availability state) of the associated gNB / cell over a particular time interval; for one or more (e.g., each) activity level (e.g., availability state), transmission and / or reception attributes may be defined; a set of configurations may be associated with an activity level and / or may be used / applied when that activity level is indicated (e.g., an NES parameter set); the time interval over which the activity level is determined (e.g., assumed) may be signaled within the PDCCH and / or activity indicator portion; and / or the time interval over which the activity level is determined (e.g., assumed) may be predetermined.

[0097] The expected activity level (e.g., availability state) of the associated gNB / cell over a particular time interval may include activity levels that are predetermined and / or configured, e.g., normal and / or reduced activity. The signaling may indicate the activity level. For example, bit 1 may indicate normal activity and bit 0 may indicate reduced activity.

[0098] For one or more (e.g., each) activity level (e.g., availability state), transmission and / or reception attributes may be defined. For example, during reduced activity, the WTRU may not be expected to monitor some PDCCH search spaces (e.g., including all SSs), receive certain types of PDSCHs (e.g., including all PDSCHs), transmit PUCCH / PUSCH, and / or perform some measurements. The WTRU may start or stop monitoring PDCCH and / or TCI states associated with the determined NES state, including PDCCH resources or TCI states associated with (de)activated TRPs or space elements.

[0099] A set of configurations (e.g., SS configurations, CSI reporting configurations, indices of transmitted SSBs, etc.) may be associated with an activity level and / or may be used / applied when that activity level is indicated (e.g., NES parameter sets). One or more (e.g., each) sets of configurations may have an attribute related to the activity level (e.g., a tag that may be set to "reduced activity").

[0100] The time interval over which the activity level is determined (e.g., assumed) may be signaled in the PDCCH and / or in the activity indication portion. The time interval may be indicated using a bitmap, where one or more (e.g., each) bits in the bitmap may be associated with a particular duration, e.g., slot or frame. For example, bit 1 may indicate normal activity on the associated frame, and bit 0 may indicate reduced activity. The time interval may be indicated by a start time and an interval length. The start time may be defined (e.g., as described herein). For example, the start time may be determined by adding a fixed offset to the time the indication is received. The interval length may be configured and / or signaled in the indication PDCCH.

[0101] The time interval over which the activity level is determined (e.g., assumed) may be predetermined. The WTRU may determine (e.g., assume) a suspend delay (e.g., or, more generally, the time until the NES state changes) based on (e.g., after) receiving an NES state change command (e.g., after the last symbol or slot in which the command was received). The suspend time may be in units of absolute time, number of symbols, or number of slots.

[0102] The WTRU may determine that uplink and / or downlink resources and / or signals are available for transmission / reception and / or measurement for the determined network availability state if the uplink and / or downlink resources and / or signals are applicable in the active availability state. The WTRU may determine that a subset of measurement resources and / or signals (e.g., SSB, CSI-RS, TRS, PRS) is not applicable in some availability states. The WTRU may determine that a subset of uplink and / or downlink resources (e.g., PRACH, PUSCH, PUCCH) is not applicable in some availability states. The WTRU may transmit one or more (e.g., some) uplink signals (e.g., only) in a subset of NW availability states (e.g., SRS, positioning SRS, PRACH, UCI).

[0103] Achieving DL synchronization when limited SSBs / SIBs are transmitted by a base station (e.g., using different transmission / mute patterns and / or periodicities) may be one problem addressed by one or more of the embodiments disclosed herein. Triggering one or more (e.g., any) UL transmissions (e.g., cell WUS, RACH preamble, SR) with reduced delay in the presence or absence of limited SSBs / SIBs, beams, and / or CSI-RS may be one problem addressed by one or more of the embodiments disclosed herein.

[0104] When a base station / cell is operating in an NES state / mode (e.g., cell DTX, cell DRX, or dormant), DL beams such as SSB / SIB and / or CSI-RS may be transmitted and / or transmitted less frequently (e.g., with a periodicity of >160 ms). This may result in delays during DL synchronization, beam search / selection, initial access, on-demand SI, failed UL transmissions during the cell's DRX active duration, etc.

[0105] The WTRU may transmit a wake-up request indication (e.g., cell WUS indication, RACH preamble) to request the cell to transition to a different NES state and / or increase the periodicity of SSB / SIB and / or CSI-RS. Such a wake-up request indication transmission and / or subsequent change of the cell's NES state may reduce (e.g., enable) the delay associated with accessing the cell for any subsequent transmission / reception of signaling / data. In an example, it may not be effective for the WTRU to transmit a wake-up request indication using an old DL / UL beam pair and / or without performing resynchronization with the latest DL beam. This is because either the strongest (e.g., best) DL / UL beam pair (e.g., identified before cell DTX) and / or the configuration and / or resources associated with the beam pair may not be valid and / or may have changed since the gNB transitioned to an NES state (e.g., cell DTX).

[0106] Provided herein are systems, methods, and apparatus for a WTRU to synchronize with NES / DTX SSBs based on (e.g., before) transmitting an SR. The WTRU may receive configuration information (e.g., when a cell transitions to a DTX mode of the cell). The configuration information may include cell WUS resources (e.g., mapping between DTX SSBs and cell WUS resources). For example, compared to a set of non-DTX SSBs, the set of DTX SSBs may be a smaller set, may be transmitted less frequently, may include PSS and SSS, and / or may not include a PBCH. The configuration information may include an SR resource associated with a reference SSB beam (e.g., the last beam associated with the WTRU prior to DTX of the cell). The configuration information may include a timing advance (TA) duration. The configuration information may include a WUS response duration. The configuration information may include a beam valid duration. Additionally or alternatively, the WTRU may start a TA timer. Additionally or alternatively, the WTRU may start a beam valid timer. The WTRU may start monitoring the DTX SSB (e.g., a wide beam) when triggered by an SR event, such as the WTRU having data to transmit. The WTRU may select the DTX SSB, for example, based on one or more measurements. The WTRU may transmit the cell WUS using one or more resources associated with the selected DTX SSB. For example, the WTRU may transmit the cell WUS if or when (e.g., if or only if) the TAT has not expired. For example, the WTRU may transmit the cell WUS if or when a beam valid timer (e.g., or timing alignment timer (TAT)) has expired. The WTRU may start a WUS response timer and / or monitor for a WUS response. For example, the WUS response may include one or more of a PUCCH resource and / or an index for one or more new SSBs (e.g., the new SSBs may include one or more of a non-DTX SSB, an SSB different from or in addition to the DTX SSB, or other SSBs that may be activated and / or currently available).If a WUS response is received based on (e.g., before) expiration of the response timer, the WTRU may perform one or more of: monitoring a new SSB (e.g., SSB beam); selecting a new SSB (e.g., based on measurements); transmitting a RACH preamble associated with the selected new SSB; receiving configuration information (e.g., PUCCH resources for SR) for the selected new SSB (e.g., in an RAR); and / or transmitting an SR via the selected new SSB. If a WUS response is not received and / or the response timer expires, the WTRU may retransmit one or more cell WUS indications (e.g., N attempts before termination). If the TAT expires, the WTRU may transmit a RACH preamble to the cell associated with the selected DTX SSB. The WTRU may not transmit a cell WUS. If the beam valid timer (e.g., or TAT) has not expired and / or an SR is pending and / or an SR event occurs, the WTRU may perform one or more of: transmitting an SR using configured resources, receiving a PUSCH resource for a buffer status report (BSR) in the DCI, and / or transmitting a BSR using the PUSCH resource.

[0107] Provided herein are systems, methods, and apparatus for a WTRU that may transmit a cell WUS indication to activate one or more muted SSBs when configured with an SSB muting pattern. The WTRU may receive configuration information. The configuration information may include the SSB muting pattern (e.g., periodicity, starting offset of SSB bursts, number of SSBs per burst, etc.), one or more cell WUS resources (e.g., mapping between unmuted SSBs and WUS resources), and / or an RSRP threshold. The SSB muting pattern may include, for example, eight unmuted SSBs per burst with a 20 ms periodicity and / or four unmuted SSBs per burst with a 40 ms periodicity. The SSB muting pattern may indicate which SSBs (e.g., which SSB indices) are muted or unmuted during one or more (e.g., each) burst, and / or where the available (e.g., unmuted) SSBs during consecutive bursts may be the same or different. For example, the SSB muting pattern may indicate which SSBs are muted or unmuted in each of multiple SSB bursts. The unmuted SSBs in consecutive bursts may be the same. The SSB muting pattern may be a pattern from a set of configured patterns and / or may be indicated by a pattern ID and / or index. Additionally or alternatively, the WTRU may receive an indication and / or configuration information indicating that SSB muting is enabled. The SSB muting pattern ID may be received when SSB muting is enabled (e.g., in the same message, DCI and / or MAC-CE).

[0108] The WTRU may perform one or more measurements on available unmuted SSBs in the muting pattern of SSBs, for example, when triggered by an event (e.g., a need to connect, resume a connection, and / or transmit data). For example, the WTRU may measure a first set of unmuted SSBs associated with the muting pattern of SSBs. The WTRU may be configured to trigger measurements of the first set of unmuted SSBs based on a random access (RA) event, as described herein. The WTRU may determine that one or more measurements of each of the first set of unmuted SSBs are below an RSRP threshold. For example, if the RSRP measurements of the unmuted SSBs are below the RSRP threshold, the WTRU may select a first SSB from among the unmuted SSBs (e.g., based on the measurements). For example, if the RSRP measurements of the unmuted SSBs are below the RSRP threshold, the WTRU may transmit a cell WUS (e.g., a cell WUS indication) using resources associated with the selected unmuted SSB. For example, the cell WUS may be intended to activate one or more (e.g., several) muted SSBs (e.g., adjacent to a selected unmuted SSB). For example, the WTRU may transmit a cell WUS indication based on determining that measurements of each of a first set of unmuted SSBs are below an RSRP threshold. The cell WUS indication may be transmitted using one or more resources associated with the SSBs of the first set of unmuted SSBs. For example, if the RSRP measurements of the unmuted SSBs are below an RSRP threshold, the WTRU may receive a WUS response over one or more resources associated with the selected unmuted SSBs. For example, the WUS response may include one or more of an index to the SSB (e.g., other SSBs that may be activated and / or currently available), an indication of muting deactivation, a UL grant, an NES state ID, and / or a new muting pattern (e.g., a pattern ID). For example, the WUS response may indicate a second set of unmuted SSBs.The indication of the second set of unmuted SSBs may include one or more of an indication of one or more newly available SSBs and / or a muting pattern of the second SSBs. A WUS response may be received after sending the cell WUS indication. If the RSRP measurements of the unmuted SSBs are below an RSRP threshold, the WTRU may monitor the SSBs based on the information in the WUS response (e.g., newly available SSBs, new muting pattern). For example, the WTRU may measure the second set of unmuted SSBs. If the RSRP measurements of the unmuted SSBs are below an RSRP threshold, the WTRU may select a second SSB (e.g., a new beam) from the monitored SSBs (e.g., based on one or more measurements). For example, the WTRU may select an SSB from the second set of unmuted SSBs based on measurements of the second set of unmuted SSBs. The SSB may be selected for transmission of the RACH preamble. The selected SSB may be associated with a measured RSRP that is the highest RSRP associated with the second set of SSBs. If the RSRP measurement of the unmuted SSB is below the RSRP threshold, the WTRU may transmit a random access message (e.g., RACH Msg1 and / or Msg3) based on (e.g., using resources associated therewith) the selected second SSB (e.g., new beam). The random access message may be associated with initial access to and establishment of a connection with the network (e.g., as described herein). For example, the WTRU may select a RACH preamble and / or transmit a preamble (e.g., Msg1) associated with the selected second SSB (e.g., new beam). For example, if the WUS response includes an UL grant, the WTRU may transmit Msg3 (e.g., an RRC message) based on the selected second SSB (e.g., new beam).

[0109] Provided herein are systems, methods, and apparatus for a WTRU that may transmit a cell WUS indication to request a change to an SSB mute pattern. The WTRU may receive configuration information. The configuration information may include one or more sets of two SSB mute patterns. For example, the SSB mute pattern configuration may include, for one or more (e.g., each) patterns, the number of SSBs per burst, the period per burst, and / or which SSBs are transmitted in one or more (e.g., each) burst. For example, an SSB mute pattern configuration may include eight SSBs per burst with a period of 20 ms, and / or another SSB mute pattern may include four SSBs per burst with a period of 40 ms. The configuration information may include an indication that a first SSB mute pattern from the set of SSB mute patterns is to be activated. The configuration information may include an RSRP threshold. The configuration information may include one or more delay thresholds.

[0110] The WTRU may, for example, when triggered by an RA event, perform one or more measurements on one or more unmuted SSBs based on the mute pattern of the first (e.g., activated) SSB. The WTRU may select an unmuted SSB based on the one or more measurements, e.g., the unmuted SSB with the strongest (e.g., highest) RSRP. If the RSRP of the selected unmuted SSB is less than an RSRP threshold, the WTRU may determine a mute pattern for the second SSB based on one or more of the following: the number of SSBs per burst in the mute pattern(s) of one or more (e.g., each) SSBs, the periodicity associated with the mute pattern(s) of one or more (e.g., each) SSBs, which SSBs are transmitted in one or more (e.g., each) burst in the mute pattern(s) of one or more (e.g., each) SSBs, and / or the time to the next burst of the mute pattern of the activated SSB (e.g., whether the time to the next burst is greater than a delay threshold). If the RSRP measurements of the unmuted SSBs are below the RSRP threshold, the WTRU may transmit a cell WUS. Sending the cell WUS may indicate a request to activate a mute pattern for a second SSB. If the RSRP measurements of the unmuted SSBs are below the RSRP threshold, the WTRU may receive a WUS response. Receiving a WUS response may indicate activation of a mute pattern for the second SSB and / or a mute pattern for another SSB (e.g., an ID of the mute pattern for the activated SSB). If the RSRP measurements of the unmuted SSBs are below the RSRP threshold, the WTRU may perform one or more measurements on one or more unmuted SSBs based on the mute pattern for the second SSB and / or the mute patterns for the other SSBs indicated by the WUS response. If the RSRP measurements of the unmuted SSBs are below the RSRP threshold, the WTRU may select an unmuted SSB (e.g., based on the measurements).If the RSRP measurement of the unmuted SSB is below the RSRP threshold, the WTRU may transmit a RACH preamble associated with the selected SSB.

[0111] The systems, methods, and devices provided herein may include aspects common to one or more (e.g., all) embodiments. Common terms and / or concepts may include one or more of the following:

[0112] A cell's DTX active period may include a duration during which the configured cell's DTX pattern is active (e.g., a period of time during the on duration period of the cell's DTX pattern). The WTRU may be predefined / preconfigured to monitor the PDCCH and / or other DL signals and / or channels during such time. This may be applicable based on (e.g., only after) the cell's DTX configuration has been indicated by the NW to be activated.

[0113] A cell's DTX inactivity period may include a duration during which the configured cell's DTX pattern is inactive / inactive (e.g., a time period outside of the periodic on duration period of the cell's DTX pattern), which may be applicable based on (e.g., only after) the cell's DTX configuration has been indicated by the NW to be activated.

[0114] The cell DRX active period may include a duration during which the configured cell DRX pattern is active (e.g., a time period during the on duration period of the cell DRX pattern). The WTRU may be predefined (e.g., authorized) to transmit UL signals and / or transmit on UL channels during such time. This may be applicable based on (e.g., only after) the cell DRX configuration has been indicated by the NW to be activated.

[0115] The cell's DRX inactivity period may include a duration during which the configured cell's DRX pattern is inactive / deactivated (e.g., a time period outside of the periodic on duration period of the cell's DRX pattern), which may be applicable based on (e.g., only after) the cell's DRX configuration has been indicated by the NW to be activated.

[0116] Activated cell DRX / DTX may include the state of configured cell DRX and / or cell DTX patterns, where such state has been activated and / or not deactivated by L1 / L2 DL signaling, RRC (re)configuration, and / or cell common configuration.

[0117] The deactivated cell DRX / DTX may include the state of the configured cell DRX and / or cell DTX pattern, where such state has been deactivated by L1 / L2 DL signaling, RRC (re)configuration, and / or cell common configuration.

[0118] The terms link between availability state and cell DTX / DRX may be used interchangeably herein. The WTRU may implicitly determine the cell's DTX state from the determined active availability state, and / or vice versa. The WTRU may implicitly determine the cell's DRX state from the determined active availability state, and / or vice versa.

[0119] A cell's DTX configuration may refer to a cell's DTX active period as a set of cell's DTX opportunities. Such a set may be parameterized by one or more of the duration, offset (e.g., cell's DTX offset) between the start of successive opportunities (e.g., cell's DTX cycle), and / or the duration for one or more (e.g., each) cell's DTX opportunity (e.g., cell's DTX duration). For example, such parameters may be expressed in units of subframes (e.g., or milliseconds) in a similar (e.g., the same) manner as a long WTRU DRX cycle. In such a case, a cell's DTX opportunity may include a time period starting in a subframe that satisfies [SFN × 10 + subframe number] modulo (cell's DTX cycle) = (cell's DTX offset), where SFN is the system frame number, and ending after (cell's DTX duration). Additionally or alternatively, a cell's DTX configuration may include a slot offset relative to the start of the subframe in which the cell's DTX opportunity starts. One or more parameters of the DTX configuration of a cell may be signaled by RRC, MAC CE and / or DCI (eg, WTRU-specific or common to a group of WTRUs).

[0120] A WTRU may be predefined and / or configured for each cell DTX and / or cell DRX configuration with one of the following parameters and / or behaviors: A WTRU may be predefined and / or configured for each cell DTX and / or cell DRX configuration with one or more applicable configured grants and / or SPS configurations. For example, the WTRU may activate such configured grants when the cell DTX and / or cell DRX configuration becomes active. A WTRU may be configured for each configured grant with whether the configured grant has priority over the configured cell DTX and / or cell DRX pattern (e.g., whether the WTRU may transmit and / or receive on the UL and / or DL ​​CG during cell DRX and / or cell DTX inactive periods, respectively). A WTRU may be predefined and / or configured for each cell DTX and / or cell DRX configuration with whether the WTRU may monitor the PDCCH for dynamic grants and / or dynamic DL assignments during cell DTX inactive periods. A WTRU may be predefined and / or configured for each cell's DTX and / or DRX configuration with whether to transmit dynamic grants and / or configured grants. A WTRU may be predefined and / or configured for each cell's DTX and / or DRX configuration with PRACH resources and / or PRACH resource configurations that may be applicable during cell's DRX inactive periods and / or when the cell's DRX configuration is activated. A WTRU may be predefined and / or configured for each cell's DTX and / or DRX configuration with SR / PUCCH resources and / or SR / PUCCH resource configurations that may be applicable during cell's DRX inactive periods and / or when the cell's DRX configuration is activated. A WTRU may be predefined and / or configured for each cell's DTX and / or DRX configuration with CSI reports and / or CSI report resource configurations that may be applicable during cell's DRX inactive periods and / or when the cell's DRX configuration is activated.The WTRU may be predefined and / or configured for each cell DTX and / or cell DRX configuration with SRS resources and / or SRS resource configurations that may be applicable during cell DRX inactive periods and / or when the cell DRX configuration is activated.

[0121] A WTRU may be configured with one or more (e.g., multiple) cell DRX and / or cell DTX configurations simultaneously in a given serving cell. The WTRU may be configured with a primary and / or default cell DTX and / or cell DRX configuration that the WTRU may apply by default. Upon receiving signaling to activate one cell DTX and / or cell DRX configuration, for example, the WTRU may deactivate another cell DTX (e.g., or all other cell DTX). Upon receiving signaling to deactivate one cell DTX and / or cell DRX configuration, the WTRU may activate another cell DTX and / or activate the default cell DTX / DRX configuration. Upon expiration of a timer, the WTRU may fall back to the default cell DRX and / or cell DTX configuration. The WTRU may reset such timer upon receipt of DL signaling and / or data and / or indication from the NW to remain in a given non-default cell DTX and / or cell DRX state.

[0122]

[0010] Systems, methods, and apparatus may be provided herein for cell WUS configuration. A UE may be configured to send a request (e.g., a wake-up request and / or wake-up signal / indication) to the network to modify its availability state to a state in which resources are available that would satisfy one or more WTRU requirements. The wake-up signal / indication may be referred to as a cell wake-up signal (WUS) or an UL indication.

[0123] The WTRU may be predefined and / or configured with one or more of the following parameters and / or actions related to the cell WUS indication based on a per availability / NES state, per cell DTX, per cell DRX, and / or per SSB / beam configuration: The WTRU may be predefined and / or configured with one or more sequence / time / frequency resources related to the transmission of the cell WUS indication. The WTRU may be predefined and / or configured with resources related to the cell WUS, which may correspond to any of the PRACH resources and / or PRACH resource configuration, the SR / PUCCH resources and / or SR PUCCH resource configuration, and / or a new set of sequence / time / frequency resources. The WTRU may be predefined and / or configured with such resources for the cell WUS that may be applicable during the WUS opportunity (e.g., resources and / or configurations on which the WTRU may transmit the cell WUS indication and / or on which the base station may monitor UL transmissions). The WTRU may be predefined and / or configured with such resources for the cell WUS, which may be applicable during the cell's DTX active / inactive and / or cell's DRX inactive periods.

[0124] The systems, methods, and apparatus provided herein may relate to a transmission pattern of an NES SSB. In an example, a WTRU may be configured with one or more transmission patterns associated with the NES SSB. One or more different transmission patterns may be associated with different availability / NES states of a cell. The transmission pattern of an NES SSB may include one or more NES SSBs and / or beams in a burst that may be transmitted by the cell periodically in an availability / NES state. Such NES SSBs may be used by the WTRU for similar purposes associated with non-NES SSBs or legacy SSBs, such as for DL ​​synchronization, accessing the MIB / SIB, and beam selection. The NES SSBs in the transmission pattern may include one or more combinations of the following: The NES SSBs in the transmission pattern may include a combination of PSS and SS. The SSBs and / or beams may include PSS and SSS signals (e.g., two symbols) without any PBCH (MIB). Such signals may be used by the WTRU for DL ​​synchronization before transmitting a UL indication to request for PBCH / RMSI, for example. Such signals may be referred to as discovery reference signals (DRS). The NES SSBs in the transmission pattern may include a combination of PSS, SSS, and partial PBCH. In addition to PSS and SSS signals, the SSBs and / or beams may include (e.g., some) MIB information, including one or more of SFN, subcarrier spacing, SSB subcarrier offset, DMRS, and / or cell barring. Such signals may include any indication for PDCCH / PDSCH for which SIB1 may be determined by the WTRU. Such signals may be referred to as light SSBs. The NES SSBs in the transmission pattern may include a combination of CSI-RS, TRS, and / or PT-RS. The SSBs and / or beams may include any of CSI-RS, TRS, and / or PT-RS signals and / or may be used by the WTRU for DL ​​synchronization and / or beam / phase tracking. The NES SSBs in the transmission pattern may include a combination of PRS.The PRS signals and / or beams may be used by the WTRU to detect cells / beams and / or to perform positioning-related measurements including one or more of timing, angle and / or received power-based measurements (e.g., Reference Signal Time Difference (RSTD), RSRP).

[0125] The transmission pattern associated with the NES SSB may include one or more of the time-domain locations / positions of the NES SSB within a burst (e.g., within a frame or half-frame). Such locations may be indicated to the WTRU via one or more bitmaps of different lengths (e.g., short, long), where a "1" in the bitmap may indicate the presence of an SSB beam in the burst and a "0" may indicate the absence of an SSB beam. One or more other parameters associated with the transmission pattern of the NES SSB that may be configured in the WTRU may include, for example, the SSB type (e.g., periodic, aperiodic, semi-persistent), the NES SSB period, starting slot / offset, duration, subcarrier spacing, subcarrier offset, and / or SS block power. The NES SSB opportunity during which one or more SSBs may be transmitted may include a time period starting in a subframe that satisfies [SFN × 10 + subframe number] modulo (NES SSB cycle) = (NES SSB offset), where SFN is the system frame number and ends after (NES SSB duration). Additionally or alternatively, the NES SSB transmission pattern may include a slot offset relative to the start of the subframe in which the NES SSB opportunity begins. One or more parameters of the configuration of the NES SSB transmission pattern may be signaled by RRC, MAC CE, and / or DCI (e.g., via WTRU-specific or WTRU group common signaling). In an example, the NES SSB transmission pattern may correspond to an SSB muting pattern, where the SSB muting pattern may include one or more SSBs and / or beams in a burst that may be muted and / or not transmitted.

[0126] A WTRU may be configured with one or more (e.g., multiple) NES SSB transmission patterns and / or configurations simultaneously in a given serving cell. The WTRU may be configured with a primary and / or default NES SSB transmission pattern that the WTRU may apply by default. Upon receiving signaling indicating activation of one NES SSB transmission pattern, for example, the WTRU may deactivate another (e.g., or all others). Upon receiving signaling indicating deactivation of one NES SSB transmission pattern, the WTRU may activate another NES SSB transmission pattern and / or activate the default NES SSB transmission pattern. Upon expiration of the timer, the WTRU may fall back to the default NES SSB transmission pattern. The WTRU may reset such timer upon reception of DL signaling and / or data and / or upon reception of an indication from the NW to use a given non-default NES SSB transmission pattern.

[0127] Upon receiving a cell activity indication (e.g., when the base station transitions to DTX / DRX mode for the cell), the WTRU may apply one or more NES SSB transmission patterns for synchronization with the network (e.g., via the PSS and SSS) and / or to access SSB / SIB based on the indicated / identified availability of the cell. The WTRU may identify the NES SSB transmission pattern to apply based on configured association information between transmission patterns and availability states and / or based on one or more transmission pattern identifiers / indexes received in the configuration information and / or activity indication.

[0128] Whether the WTRU may prioritize any of the configured NES SSB transmission pattern and / or WTRU-specific channels / signals may be predefined, configured, and / or determined depending on one or more of the WTRU's capabilities, data priority and / or latency, and / or control signaling / information type. One example of a WTRU signal and / or channel that may have priority to override the configured NES SSB transmission pattern is a CG transmission, an SR transmission, and / or a cell WUS indication transmission.

[0129] When operating in the DTX mode of a cell, a base station may transmit DTX SSBs according to a DTX transmission pattern. For example, the transmission pattern for DTX SSBs may include a set of DTX SSBs, which may be a smaller set compared to the set of non-DTX SSBs. The set of DTX SSBs may be transmitted less frequently (e.g., with a lower periodicity) compared to the non-DTX SSBs. The set of DTX SSBs may include a PSS and / or an SSS and / or may not include a PBCH. The terms "DTX SSB" and "NES SSB" may be used interchangeably and / or may refer to one or more (e.g., any) SSBs and / or beams transmitted by a cell when operating in the NES state (e.g., the DTX mode of a cell).

[0130] The systems, methods, and apparatus may include a WTRU receiving configuration information and / or parameters related to the NES / DTX SSB and / or the cell WUS. In an example, the WTRU may receive configuration information and / or parameters related to the cell WUS and / or the NES / DTX SSB. The configuration information and / or parameters received by the WTRU may be applicable to one or more embodiments as described herein. The configuration information may be received in broadcast transmissions (e.g., MIBs, SIBs) and / or in dedicated RRC signaling (e.g., an RRCRelease message when transitioning from CONNECTED mode) during CONNECTED mode or in INACTIVE / IDLE mode (e.g., in an RRCReconfiguration message). Additionally or alternatively, the configuration information and / or any of the associated parameters (e.g., IDs / indexes), including a subset of parameters and / or any updates to the configuration, may be received by the WTRU, for example, in an activity indication of one or more cells. Such a cell activity indication may be received, for example, in RRC signaling, MAC CE, PDCCH, or PDSCH. Such a cell activity indication may be received by the WTRU, for example, via a reference beam (e.g., the last SSB beam associated with the WTRU before DTX / DRX of the cell).

[0131] The configuration information received by the WTRU may include one or more of the following:

[0132] The configuration information received by the WTRU may include a DTX SSB transmission pattern. For example, the transmission pattern for the DTX SSBs may include one or more of a periodicity, a starting offset, a duration, a position of the DTX SSB within a burst, and / or an index associated with the DTX SSB. The DTX SSBs received by the WTRU during a cellular DTX mode may include, for example, wider beams, fewer beams per SSB burst, and / or a lower periodicity compared to non-DTX SSBs received by the WTRU during a non-cellular DTX mode.

[0133] The configuration information received by the WTRU may include an SSB muting pattern. For example, parameters related to the SSB muting pattern configuration may include one or more of an SSB muting pattern ID / index, period, starting slot / offset, burst duration, position of active / muted SSBs in a burst (e.g., bitmap representation of active / muted SSBs), and / or indices related to the active / muted SSBs. The WTRU may be pre-configured with one or more (e.g., multiple) SSB muting patterns. One or more SSB muting patterns may be activated / deactivated via a cell activity indicator, DCI, MAC CE, and / or RRC signaling. The SSB muting pattern may include eight unmuted SSBs per burst with a period of 20 ms or four unmuted SSBs per burst with a period of 40 ms. The SSB muting pattern may indicate which SSBs (e.g., which SSB indices) are muted and / or unmuted during one or more (e.g., each) burst, where the available (e.g., unmuted) SSBs during consecutive bursts may be the same or different. The SSB muting pattern may be a pattern from a set of configured patterns and / or may be indicated by a pattern ID and / or index. In an example, a WTRU may be implicitly configured with an SSB muting pattern when configuring a cell's DTX pattern. In an example, the WTRU may determine one or more (e.g., several) parameters related to the SSB muting pattern, such as the periodicity and / or duration of unmuted SSBs in a burst, based on the association / alignment of the SSB muting pattern with the cell's DTX pattern.

[0134] The configuration information received by the WTRU may include cell WUS resources. For example, the cell WUS resources may be received by the WTRU as group-common resources (e.g., RACH preambles / sequences) and / or dedicated WTRU-specific resources (e.g., PUCCH resources). Such resources may be indicated as a mapping relationship between one or more DTX SSBs / unmuted SSBs / beams and one or more cell WUS resources.

[0135] The configuration information received by the WTRU may include a cell WUS response duration. The cell WUS response duration may refer to a duration (e.g., in symbols / slots / subframes) that may be started by the WTRU during the nth time instance (e.g., slot n=1) based on (e.g., after) transmitting a cell WUS indication and / or stopped at the end of the duration (e.g., slot n+N, where the timer duration corresponds to N slots). During the cell WUS response duration, the WTRU may monitor any of the DL signals / beams, including the PDCCH, PDSCH, SIBs, and / or SSBs (e.g., non-DTX SSBs).

[0136] The configuration information received by the WTRU may include an UL resource associated with a reference SSB beam. For example, the reference SSB beam may correspond to the last SSB beam (e.g., beam index) associated with the WTRU based on (e.g., before) receiving a cell activity indication (e.g., when the cell transitions to the cell's DTX mode). The UL resource may correspond to any of the PUCCH / SR resources, RACH preambles, and / or cell WUS resources (e.g., which may be used by the WTRU to transmit an SR during the cell's DTX mode when triggered by an SR event).

[0137] The configuration information received by the WTRU may include a validity duration. For example, the one or more validity durations may include either a TA validity duration and / or a beam validity duration. Such validity durations may be used by the WTRU to determine whether certain WTRU actions (e.g., monitoring the PDCCH and / or transmitting an SR) may be performed when an associated timer (e.g., TAT) is triggered and / or running / valid. The beam validity timer may be used, for example, to determine whether any configurations and / or resources associated with a reference SSB and / or configured SSB beams are valid for use during DL / UL transmission of signaling / data. The beam validity timer may be associated with a single reference SSB beam and / or a set of SSB beams (e.g., in a burst). Upon expiration of the beam validity timer, for example, the WTRU may determine (e.g., assume) that the beam is no longer valid and / or may release any configurations (e.g., TCI state) and / or resources (e.g., SR, CSI-RS) associated with the reference beam.

[0138] The configuration information received by the WTRU may include a cell WUS inhibit timer duration. The inhibit timer may be started by the WTRU, for example, upon transmitting a cell WUS indication. For example, the WTRU may not transmit subsequent cell WUS indications while the inhibit timer is running. The WTRU may transmit a cell WUS indication based on (e.g., after) expiration of the inhibit timer.

[0139] The configuration information received by the WTRU may include RSRP / RSRQ thresholds. For example, the WTRU may be configured with one or more RSRP / RSRQ thresholds for determining whether an unmuted / DTX SSB may be selected and / or for determining whether transmission of a new / muted SSB or beam may be triggered.

[0140] Provided herein may be systems, methods, and apparatus for a WTRU that synchronizes with an NES / DTX SSB based on (e.g., before) transmitting an SR. In an example, the WTRU may determine whether / when to transmit an UL indication to trigger SSB transmission from a cell operating in an NES state based on DL synchronization achieved using a signal / beam received during the corresponding NES state. Such embodiments may be applied by the WTRU upon detecting any of the triggering events / conditions associated with transmitting an UL indication (e.g., as described herein). Such embodiments may be applied during any one or more of when the base station operates in a DTX mode for the cell, when the WTRU receives (e.g., after) a cell activity indication, and / or when it detects / receives one or more DTX SSBs during an opportunity associated with DTX for the cell.

[0141] The WTRU may start one or more enable timers. In an example, the WTRU may start a beam enable timer upon receiving configuration information related to cell DTX and / or a cell activity indication. The beam enable timer may correspond to any timer related to one or more configurations, resources, SSBs, and / or beams. In an example, the beam enable timer may correspond to a TA timer. The cell activity indication may indicate initialization of cell operation in the NES state, such as cell DTX / DRX. The WTRU may receive DTX SSBs during the NES state (e.g., cell DTX) and / or the WTRU may perform one or more actions corresponding to the NES state (e.g., as described herein). For example, when triggered by an event in the associated NES state, the WTRU may perform one or more actions depending on the enable timer (e.g., whether the beam enable timer is running or stopped).

[0142] The WTRU may monitor the DTX SSBs based on detection of a triggering event and / or condition. In an example, the WTRU may start monitoring the DTX SSBs during the cell's NES state operation (e.g., the cell is in DTX / DRX mode) upon detecting one or more triggering events / conditions. Such triggering events / conditions for starting monitoring the DTX SSBs prior to transmission of an UL indication (e.g., cell WUS) may include one or more of a random access event, an UL data transmission, and / or a CSI-RS measurement / report.

[0143] Triggering events / conditions for initiating monitoring of the DTX SSB prior to transmission of a UL indication (e.g., cell WUS) may include a random access event. For example, the WTRU may initiate monitoring of the DTX SSB during one or more of the following: before transmitting any of the initial access messages (e.g., RACH preamble, Msg1, Msg3, MsgA), when triggered by an event related to establishing a connection with the network, when resuming a suspended connection (e.g., when transitioning from an INACTIVE state to a CONNECTED state), when requesting on-demand SI, and / or when initiating a handover (HO) from a source cell to a target cell.

[0144] Triggering events / conditions for initiating monitoring of the DTX SSB prior to transmission of a UL indication (e.g., cell WUS) may include UL data transmission. For example, such triggering events may include one or more of the following: arrival of UL data in a WTRU buffer (e.g., DRB / LCH buffer) triggering an SR; priority of the UL data (e.g., arrival of URLLC and / or XR data with a priority value above a threshold); and / or delay associated with the UL data (e.g., valid time or remaining delay of the data falling below a delay threshold).

[0145] A triggering event / condition for initiating monitoring of the DTX SSB prior to transmission of a UL indication (e.g., cell WUS) may include a CSI-RS measurement / report. For example, such a triggering event may include detection of a periodic and / or semi-persistent CSI-RS related measurement event due to and / or when the WTRU has one or more CSI reports for transmission.

[0146] When monitoring the DTX SSBs, the WTRU may perform measurements on the detected beams. The WTRU may, for example, determine the DTX SSBs and / or beams to be measured based on a measurement configuration (e.g., comprising a DTX SSB transmission pattern, a measurement duration, and an RSRP threshold) received by the WTRU. The WTRU may select one or more of the DTX SSBs and / or beams based on the measurements (e.g., L1-RSRP). For example, the WTRU may select the DTX SSBs and / or beams where the RSRP of the DTX SSBs and / or beams measured by the WTRU is greater than an RSRP threshold and / or the RSRP of the DTX SSBs and / or beams is the highest measured RSRP among the detected set of DTX SSBs.

[0147] The WTRU may transmit an UL indication (e.g., a cell WUS). In an example, the WTRU may transmit an UL indication to the network using resources associated with a selected DTX SSB and / or beam when triggered by some event / condition. Such an UL indication may include, for example, one or more of a cell WUS indication, an SR and / or RACH preamble configuration and / or resources. Such an UL indication may be transmitted periodically when configured on periodic resources. Such an UL indication may be used to request and / or provide preference information to the network for one or more of: initiating transmission of a non-DTX SSB; a request to transition to a new and / or non-NES state; a request for an UL grant for SR / BSR / data transmission; an indication of preference for some SSBs and / or beams; an indication of preference for SSB burst periodicity; a request for CSI-RS transmission via some beams; and / or a request for any RMSI / SIB. Such an UL indication may be transmitted, for example, using a spatial filter associated with the reference SSB and / or the selected DTX SSB and / or beam. The WTRU may start a prohibit timer upon transmitting an UL indication (e.g., cell WUS). Upon starting the prohibit timer, the WTRU may not transmit any subsequent UL indications until expiration of the prohibit timer and / or upon receiving a response indication.

[0148] The WTRU may transmit an UL indication, for example, during a WUS opportunity (WO) during which the base station / cell may monitor any UL transmissions from the WTRU. A WO may correspond to an uplink resource and / or configuration (e.g., RACH, SR, PUSCH, PUCCH) that may be used by the WTRU to transmit a cell WUS indication and / or an UL transmission (e.g., PUSCH data or signaling / control messages), for example, following a suspension of DRX for the cell. If a WUS opportunity pattern (e.g., comprising a WO periodicity, a WO duration, and a starting slot / offset) is configured, for example, the WTRU may transmit any UL indication during the next available WUS opportunity possibly associated with a selected DTX SSB. For example, if a WUS opportunity pattern is not configured, the WTRU may determine (e.g., assume) the availability of n symbols / slots (e.g., n=1) of a WUS opportunity based on (e.g., after) the reception of the last DTX SSB in a DTX SSB burst.

[0149] The triggering events / conditions used by the WTRU to determine whether to transmit an UL indication may be similar to those associated with initiating monitoring of DTX SSBs during NES state operation of the cell. In an example, the WTRU may transmit an UL indication (e.g., cell WUS) when selecting a DTX SSB, for example, if any of the triggering conditions (e.g., detection of an RA event, an SR event, a CSI-RS reporting event) are pending and / or not canceled. One or more other conditions that may be monitored by the WTRU to determine whether an UL indication may be transmitted may include a beam validity timer and / or a validity timer associated with the TAT. For example, the WTRU may transmit an UL indication if and / or when (e.g., if and / or only if) the TAT has not expired. In an example, the WTRU may transmit an SR, for example, if a TAT timer has not expired and / or one or more SRs are triggered / pending. Similarly, the WTRU may transmit an UL indication (e.g., cell WUS) if and / or when a beam validity timer (e.g., or TAT) has expired. In an example, the WTRU may transmit a cell WUS using cell WUS resources (e.g., instead of an SR), for example, when a beam valid timer (e.g., or TAT) has expired and / or when one or more SRs are triggered / pending.

[0150] For example, if the TAT expires, the WTRU may transmit a RACH preamble to the cell associated with the selected DTX SSB. In an example, the WTRU may not transmit a cell WUS.

[0151] In an example, if the beam valid timer (e.g., or TAT) has not expired and one or more SRs are pending and / or an SR event occurs (e.g., new UL data arrives), the WTRU may transmit an SR using one or more configured SR / PUCCH resources. The WTRU may receive a PUSCH resource in the DCI and / or (e.g., thereafter) the WTRU may transmit a BSR using the PUSCH resource.

[0152] In an example, the WTRU may provide assistance information to the base station / cell regarding which DTX SSBs / beams to keep on / active. Such information may be provided, for example, in a UL / cell WUS indication. Such information may be provided, for example, in a CSI-RS report. For example, the WTRU may utilize periodic CSI reporting and / or trigger aperiodic CSI reporting to transmit assistance information related to the base station / cell by indicating which set and / or subset of beams the base station / cell should keep on / active and / or which may be turned off and / or muted from the WTRU's coverage perspective.

[0153] In an example, the WTRU may indicate a desire (e.g., a need) to change the cell state (e.g., from DTX to active) and / or change the beam assignment if some reference signal (e.g., CSI-RS) measurements (e.g., RSRP, RSRQ) fall below a certain threshold.

[0154] In an example, the WTRU may use positioning-based measurements (e.g., measurements of DL PRS) to request a change in the cell's NES state / beam assignment. For example, if the RSRP of the DL PRS per beam falls below a certain threshold when the cell is in a reduced availability / energy state, the WTRU may trigger a request to change the NES state and / or beam (e.g., possibly in a cell WUS indication). In an example, the WTRU may trigger and / or send a request for wake-up and / or beam assignment update if the DL RSTD of the PRS between another cell and the current serving (e.g., reference) cell exceeds an RSTD threshold.

[0155] In an example, the WTRU may maintain a list of the best "k" beams based on recent beam sweeps / measurements. The WTRU may update the list of the best "k" beams based on cell activity indications received from the base station on the set of beams that are deactivated when transitioning to the NES / DTX state. The WTRU may filter out these beams upon receiving the cell activity indication and / or select the strongest (e.g., best) of the remaining "k". If the remaining number of available beams falls below a threshold and / or the measured RSRP of the reduced beam set falls below a threshold, the WTRU may send a cell WUS indication to the base station on the updated list of beams. The WTRU may (e.g., then) receive a WUS response indication from the base station on an alternate or reduced set of beams.

[0156] The WTRU may receive a WUS response indication from the network upon transmitting a UL indication (e.g., a cell WUS indication). The WTRU may start m symbols / slots (e.g., m=1) of a WUS response timer based on (e.g., after) transmitting the UL indication during the WUS opportunity. The WTRU may, for example, monitor the WUS response indication while the WUS response timer is running. The WTRU may, for example, stop and reset an inhibit timer associated with the cell WUS upon receiving the WUS response.

[0157] The WUS response may be received by the WTRU, for example, in the PDCCH, MAC CE, and / or RRC signaling. The WUS response may be received in WTRU-specific signaling and / or group-common signaling. When receiving the WUS response in the PDCCH, the CRC of the PDCCH may be scrambled, for example, using the WUS-RNTI. The WUS response may be received, for example, via the UL indication and / or the beam used by the WTRU to transmit the cell WUS. In an example, the WTRU may receive an implicit WUS response, where reception of the implicit WUS response may be determined (e.g., assumed) by the WTRU upon detecting one or more new SSBs (e.g., the new SSBs may include one or more of non-DTX SSBs, SSBs different from or in addition to DTX SSBs, other SSBs that may have been activated and may be currently available).

[0158] The explicit WUS response indication may include one or more of an indication of new SSBs (e.g., indices associated with one or more non-DTX SSBs) to be transmitted based on (e.g., subsequently to) the cell's transition to DTX mode and / or non-DTX mode, an indication of a new availability / NES state / mode (e.g., state ID / index) to which the cell may be transitioning, an indication of a TCI state change (e.g., when a new / preferred beam is indicated in the cell WUS indication), and / or one or more PUCCH resources (e.g., for transmitting SR, CSI-RS report and / or HARQ feedback).

[0159] The systems, methods, and apparatus provided herein may include one or more WTRU actions upon receiving / not receiving a WUS response indication. If a WUS response is received by the WTRU based on (e.g., before) expiration of the WUS response timer, the WTRU may transmit an SR using the PUCCH resource indicated in the WUS response. Upon receiving a WUS response, the WTRU may transmit an SR, for example, when the WTRU has previously transmitted a cell WUS indication and / or when one or more SRs are pending. The WTRU may transmit an SR, for example, using a new SSB (e.g., a non-DTX SSB beam) that may be associated with the DTX SSB beam used to transmit the cell WUS indication.

[0160] Additionally or alternatively, in an example, if an explicit WUS response is not received by the WTRU based on (e.g., before) expiration of the WUS response timer, the WTRU may monitor for an implicit WUS response in the form of the initiation of a new SSB (e.g., an SSB different from or in addition to the DTX SSB, other SSBs that may have been activated and / or may currently be available). Such monitoring for the new SSB may be performed by the WTRU for a duration based on (e.g., before and / or after) expiration of the WUS response timer. The WTRU may select a new SSB (e.g., an SSB beam) based on one or more measurements (e.g., L1 RSRP) and / or using one or more measurement-related criteria (e.g., the RSRP measurement of the new SSB is above a threshold and / or is highest among the detected new SSBs). The WTRU may transmit a RACH preamble associated with the selected new SSB beam and / or receive a RACH response (RAR) including PUCCH resources for SR. The WTRU may then (eg,) transmit an SR using the PUCCH resource received via the UL beam corresponding to the selected new SSB beam.

[0161] In an example, if an explicit WUS response is not received by the WTRU based on (e.g., before) expiration of the WUS response timer, the WTRU may retransmit the cell WUS indication (e.g., possibly after expiration of an associated prohibit timer). The WTRU may retransmit the cell WUS indication at N configured instances / attempts based on (e.g., before) expiration and / or release of any configuration information related to the cell WUS.

[0162] For example, if the TAT expires, the WTRU may transmit a RACH preamble to the cell associated with the selected DTX SSB. In an example, the WTRU may not transmit a cell WUS.

[0163] 2 is a system diagram illustrating an example of a WTRU 202 that may be configured to achieve DL synchronization with a DRX SSB based on a DTX SSB transmission pattern 200. When triggered by an SR event 204 (e.g., arrival of UL data), the WTRU 202 may decide to transmit a cell WUS 212 (e.g., a cell WUS indication) using resources associated with one of multiple DTX SSBs 206 to initiate transmission of a new SSB (e.g., a non-DTX SSB) from the cell. The WTRU 202 may receive information of the new SSB in a WUS response 216. The WTRU 202 may select a new SSB for transmitting an SR 218 (e.g., potentially when transmitting an initial access message over the selected new SSB).

[0164] In an example, the WTRU 202 may perform one or more of the following:

[0165] The WTRU 202 may receive configuration information (e.g., when a cell transitions to a cell DTX mode). The configuration information may include one or more cell WUS resources (e.g., a mapping between DTX SSBs 206 and cell WUS resources). For example, compared to a set of non-DTX SSBs, a set of DTX SSBs 206 (e.g., multiple) may be a smaller set, may be transmitted less frequently, may include a PSS and / or SSS, and / or may not include a PBCH. The configuration information may include one or more SR resources associated with a reference SSB beam (e.g., the last beam associated with the WTRU 202 prior to DTX of the cell). The configuration information may include a TA duration. The configuration information may include a WUS response duration. The configuration information may include a beam valid duration.

[0166] Additionally or alternatively, the WTRU 202 may start a TA timer. Additionally or alternatively, the WTRU 202 may start a beam valid timer.

[0167] At 208, the WTRU 202 may begin monitoring the DTX SSB 206 (e.g., wide beam). For example, the WTRU 202 may monitor for DL ​​synchronization when triggered by an SR event 204. The SR event 204 may include data that the WTRU 202 must transmit.

[0168] At 210, the WTRU 202 may select a DTX SSB, for example, based on the measurements. For example, the WTRU may select a WUS resource associated with the best DTX SSB.

[0169] At 212, the WTRU 202 may select resources associated with the best (e.g., selected) DTX SSB among the multiple DTX SSBs 206. The WTRU may transmit the cell WUS 212 using the resources associated with the selected DTX SSB. For example, the WTRU 202 may transmit the cell WUS 212 if and / or when (e.g., if and / or only if) the TAT has not expired. For example, the WTRU 202 may transmit the cell WUS 212 if and / or when a beam valid timer (e.g., or TAT) has expired.

[0170] At 214, the WTRU 202 may start a WUS response timer and / or monitor a WUS response 216. For example, the WUS response 216 may include one or more of a PUCCH resource and / or an index for one or more new SSBs (e.g., the new SSBs may include one or more of a non-DTX SSB, an SSB different from and / or in addition to a DTX SSB, one or more other SSBs that may be activated and / or may currently be available).

[0171] If the WUS response 216 is received based on (e.g., before) expiration of the response timer, the WTRU 202 may monitor for a new SSB (e.g., an SSB beam). If the WUS response 216 is received based on (e.g., before) expiration of the response timer, the WTRU 202 may select a new SSB (e.g., based on one or more measurements). If the WUS response 216 is received based on (e.g., before) expiration of the response timer, the WTRU 202 may transmit a RACH preamble associated with the selected new SSB. If the WUS response 216 is received based on (e.g., before) expiration of the response timer, the WTRU 202 may receive (e.g., in an RAR) configuration information (e.g., PUCCH resources for SR) of the selected new SSB. If the WUS response 216 is received based on (e.g., before) expiration of the response timer, the WTRU 202 may transmit an SR 218 over the selected new SSB.

[0172] If a WUS response 216 is not received and / or the response timer expires, the WTRU 202 may retransmit the cell WUS indication 212 (eg, N attempts before terminating).

[0173] If the TAT expires, the WTRU 202 may transmit a RACH preamble to the cell associated with the selected DTX SSB. When the TAT expires, the WTRU 202 may not transmit the cell WUS.

[0174] If the beam valid timer (e.g., or TAT) has not expired and / or the SR 218 is pending and / or an SR event occurs, for example, the WTRU 202 may transmit the SR 218 using the configured resources. If the beam valid timer (e.g., or TAT) has not expired and / or the SR 218 is pending and / or an SR event occurs, for example, the WTRU may receive a PUSCH resource for the BSR 222 in the DCI 220. If the beam valid timer (e.g., or TAT) has not expired and / or the SR 218 is pending and / or an SR event occurs, for example, the WTRU 202 may transmit the BSR 222 using the PUSCH resource.

[0175] Provided herein may be a system, method, and apparatus for a WTRU to transmit a cell WUS indication to activate a muted SSB when configured in the mute pattern of the SSB.

[0176] In an example, the WTRU may determine whether to transmit a cell WUS indication when a limited and / or reduced number of SSBs are received according to the SSB muting pattern based on DL synchronization achieved using unmuted SSBs. Such an embodiment may be applied by the WTRU upon detecting any one or more trigger events / conditions related to the transmission of an UL and / or cell WUS indication (e.g., as described herein). Such an embodiment may be applied when the SSB muting pattern is applied by a cell operating in an NES state (e.g., cell DTX / DRX), where one or more SSBs (e.g., only a subset thereof) are transmitted.

[0177] In an example, a WTRU may begin monitoring for unmuted SSBs based on a configured SSB muting pattern upon detecting one or more triggering events / conditions (e.g., detection of an RA event and / or an SR event). The WTRU may perform one or more measurements on detected SSB beams identified during the unmuted SSB monitoring. The WTRU may determine an unmuted SSB on which to perform one or more measurements based on the configured SSB muting pattern. For example, the WTRU may perform one or more measurements in slots / opportunities in which unmuted SSBs may be received and / or may skip slots / opportunities associated with muted SSBs.

[0178] If the RSRP of any one or more of the unmuted SSBs exceeds an RSRP threshold, the WTRU may select an unmuted SSB based on the measurement and / or transmit a RACH preamble associated with the selected unmuted SSB to establish initial access and / or connection with the network. Additionally or alternatively, if the RSRP of any of the unmuted SSBs is below a configured RSRP threshold, the WTRU may select a first SSB from among the unmuted SSBs based on the RSRP measurement (e.g., the WTRU may select the unmuted SSB with the highest measured RSRP as the first SSB).

[0179] The WTRU may select one or more of the DTX SSBs based on measurements (e.g., L1-RSRP). For example, if the RSRP of the DTX SSB beam measured by the WTRU is greater than an RSRP threshold and / or the RSRP of the DTX SSB beam has the highest measured RSRP among the detected set of DTX SSBs, the WTRU may select the DTX SSB (e.g., an SSB beam).

[0180] In an example, the WTRU may transmit a cell WUS indication. For example, when receiving configuration information from the network, the WTRU may (e.g., optionally) receive an indication and / or configuration information indicating that SSB muting is enabled. An SSB muting pattern ID may be received when SSB muting is enabled (e.g., in the same message associated with the configuration information, cell activity indication, DCI, and / or MAC-CE).

[0181] In an example, the WTRU may transmit a cell WUS indication to the network using resources associated with a first SSB (e.g., a selected, unmuted SSB) when triggered by some event / condition. Such a cell WUS indication may be transmitted using, for example, resources and / or a spatial filter associated with the first SSB.

[0182] Such a cell WUS indication may be used to request and / or provide preference information to the network regarding one or more of: starting transmission of one or more muted SSBs (e.g., SSBs adjacent to the selected unmuted / first SSB); requesting a change / suspend / disable of the muting pattern of the SSBs; and / or requesting a transition to a non-NES state. Such a cell WUS indication may be transmitted, for example, during a WUS opportunity associated with a first SSB configured in the WTRU. For example, the WTRU may be configured with one or more WUS opportunities associated with muted / unmuted SSBs on which the WTRU may transmit a UL indication. If a WUS opportunity pattern is not configured, the WTRU may determine (e.g., assume) the availability of n symbols / slots (e.g., n=1) of a WUS opportunity based on (e.g., subsequently to) reception of the last muted / unmuted SSB in an SSB burst.

[0183] In an example, the WTRU may receive a WUS response indication from the network upon transmitting the cell WUS indication. The WUS response may be received via one or more resources associated with the first SSB (e.g., via the SSB / beam used by the WTRU to transmit the cell WUS indication).

[0184] The WUS response indication may include one or more of the following: an indication of new SSBs that may have been activated and / or may currently be available (e.g., an index associated with one or more new SSBs, where the new SSBs may be previously muted SSBs associated with the SSB's mute pattern and / or new SSBs outside the SSB's mute pattern); an indication of the SSB's mute and / or deactivation of the SSB's mute pattern; an indication of the new SSB's mute pattern (e.g., pattern ID / index); an indication of the new availability / NES state that the cell may be transitioning to; one or more PUSCH resources (e.g., UL grants for transmitting RRC signaling / messages and / or data); and / or PUCCH resources (e.g., for transmitting SR, CSI-RS reports, or HARQ feedback).

[0185] The WTRU may perform one or more actions based on (e.g., subsequently to) receiving the WUS response indication. In an example, the WTRU may monitor a set of one or more SSBs based on the information received in the WUS response indication. The set of SSBs monitored by the WTRU may include, for example, one or more of newly activated / available SSBs, SSBs associated with a new mute pattern, and / or SSBs that were unmuted with the mute pattern of a previous SSB.

[0186] The WTRU may select a second SSB (e.g., a new SSB beam) from the set of monitored SSBs based on one or more measurements (e.g., L1 RSRP) and / or using criteria related to the measurements (e.g., the RSRP measurement of the second SSB is above a threshold and / or is highest among the detected SSBs). The WTRU may transmit initial access Msg1 and / or Msg3 using resources associated with the selected second SSB. For example, the WTRU may select a RACH preamble associated with the selected second SSB and / or transmit a preamble (e.g., Msg1). In an example, if the WUS response indication includes an UL grant, the WTRU may transmit Msg3 (e.g., an RRC message) based on the selected second SSB (e.g., a new beam).

[0187] In an example, the WTRU may be configured with an SSB muting pattern that may be aligned with CSI-RS transmissions. In an example, the WTRU may determine the presence / absence of CSI-RS resources based on the presence / absence of associated SSBs and / or beams in the configured SSB muting pattern. The WTRU may, for example, skip one or more measurements of muted CSI-RSs based on the configured SSB muting pattern. If the measured unmuted CSI-RS is below an RSRP threshold, the WTRU may transmit a cell WUS indication to request activation of the muted CSI-RSs and / or to request a change in the cell DTX activity mode / configuration (e.g., the cell's DTX pattern). The WTRU may monitor new CSI-RS resources for a time window / duration associated with a WUS response (e.g., thereafter) based on transmitting the cell WUS indication. When performing measurements on the detected SSBs / CSI-RSs and / or selecting a beam, the WTRU may, for example, select a RACH preamble associated with the beam selected for transmitting Msg1 during initial access.

[0188] 3 depicts a system diagram 300 illustrating an example of a WTRU 302 that may be configured to achieve DL synchronization with an unmuted SSB 321 based on an SSB mute pattern 322. For example, the SSB mute pattern 322 may comprise a muted SSB 320 and an unmuted SSB 321. The WTRU 302 may determine to transmit a cell WUS indication 308, for example, when triggered by an RA event 304. For example, if an unmuted SSB 321 is inappropriate, the WTRU 302 may determine to transmit the cell WUS indication 308 using resources associated with an unmuted SSB (e.g., one of the unmuted SSBs 321). The WTRU 302 may receive, for example, information regarding a new SSB 324 to be triggered and / or an update to the SSB mute pattern 322 in a WUS response 310. The WTRU 302 may select a new SSB among the new SSBs 324 indicated in the WUS response 310 to transmit a random access message (e.g., a RACH preamble (Msg1)). For example, the WTRU 302 may transmit the initial access message using one or more RACH resources associated with the selected new SSB among the new SSBs 324.

[0189] In an example, the WTRU 302 may perform one or more of the following:

[0190] The WTRU 302 may receive configuration information. The configuration information may include one or more of the following: The configuration information may include an SSB mute pattern (e.g., periodicity, starting offset of SSB bursts, number of SSBs per burst). For example, the SSB mute pattern may include eight unmuted SSBs per burst with a period of 20 ms or four unmuted SSBs per burst with a period of 40 ms. For example, the SSB mute pattern may indicate which SSBs (e.g., which SSB indices) are muted (or unmuted) during one or more (e.g., each) bursts, where the available (e.g., unmuted) SSBs during consecutive bursts may be the same or different. For example, the SSB mute pattern may indicate which SSBs are muted or unmuted in each of multiple SSB bursts. The unmuted SSBs in consecutive bursts may be the same. The muting pattern for SSB may be a pattern from a set of configured patterns and / or may be indicated by a pattern ID and / or index. The configuration information may include one or more cell WUS resources (e.g., a mapping between unmuted SSB and WUS resources). The configuration information may include an RSRP threshold.

[0191] The WTRU 302 may receive an indication and / or configuration information indicating that SSB muting is enabled. For example, the WTRU 302 may receive an SSB mute pattern ID. The SSB mute pattern ID may be received when SSB mute is enabled (e.g., in the same message, DCI, and / or MAC-CE).

[0192] At 306, the WTRU 302 may perform one or more measurements on available unmuted SSBs 321 in the SSB mute pattern 322, for example, when triggered by an event (e.g., desiring / needing to connect, resume a connection, and / or transmit data). The triggering event may include an RA event 304. For example, the WTRU 302 may measure a first set of unmuted SSBs 321 associated with the SSB mute pattern 322. The WTRU 302 may be configured to trigger measurements of the first set of unmuted SSBs 321 based on the RA event 304.

[0193] The WTRU 302 may determine that one or more measurements of each of the first set of unmuted SSBs 321 are below the RSRP threshold. If one or more of the RSRP measurements of the unmuted SSBs are below the RSRP threshold, for example, the WTRU 302 may select a first SSB from among the unmuted SSBs 321 (e.g., based on the one or more measurements). If one or more of the RSRP measurements of the unmuted SSBs 321 are below the RSRP threshold, for example, the WTRU 302 may transmit (e.g., send) a cell WUS 308 (e.g., a cell WUS indication). For example, the WTRU 302 may transmit the cell WUS indication 308 based on the determination that the measurements of each of the first set of unmuted SSBs 321 are below the RSRP threshold. The WTRU 302 may transmit the cell WUS indication 308 using one or more resources associated with the selected unmuted SSB. For example, the cell WUS indication 308 may be transmitted using resources associated with a first set of SSBs of unmuted SSBs 321. For example, the cell WUS indication 308 may be intended to activate one or more (e.g., several) muted SSBs (e.g., adjacent to a selected unmuted SSB), such as, for example, muted SSB 320.

[0194] The WTRU 302 may receive a WUS response 310. The WUS response 310 may be received after sending the cell WUS indication 308. At 312, the WTRU 302 may monitor the SSBs 324 based on the information in the WUS response 310 (e.g., new SSBs, new muting patterns, etc.). The WTRU 302 may measure a second set of unmuted SSBs (e.g., SSBs 324). For example, if one or more of the RSRP measurements of the unmuted SSBs 321 are below an RSRP threshold, the WTRU 302 may receive the WUS response 310 via one or more resources associated with the selected unmuted SSBs. The WUS response 310 may include one or more of an index to the SSB (e.g., other SSBs that may be activated and / or currently available), an indication of muting deactivation, a UL grant, an NES state ID, a new muting pattern (e.g., a pattern ID). The WUS response 310 may indicate a second set of unmuted SSBs (e.g., SSB 324). The indication of the second set of unmuted SSBs may include one or more of an indication of one or more newly available SSBs and / or a mute pattern for the second SSBs. If one or more of the RSRP measurements of the unmuted SSBs 321 are below an RSRP threshold, the WTRU 302 may monitor the SSBs based on the information in the WUS response 310 (e.g., newly available SSBs, new mute pattern). If one or more of the RSRP measurements of the unmuted SSBs 321 are below an RSRP threshold, for example, the WTRU 302 may select a second SSB (e.g., a new beam) from the monitored SSBs 324 (e.g., based on one or more measurements). For example, the selected SSB may be associated with the measured RSRP that is the highest RSRP associated with the second set of SSBs 324.If one or more of the RSRP measurements of the unmuted SSBs 321 are below an RSRP threshold, the WTRU 302 may transmit a random access message 314 (e.g., RACH Msg1 and / or Msg3) based on (e.g., using resources associated therewith) the selected second SSB (e.g., new beam). For example, the WTRU 302 may select a RACH preamble associated with the selected second SSB (e.g., new beam, best SSB) and / or transmit the random access message 314, e.g., a preamble (e.g., Msg1). The random access message may be associated with initial access to and establishment of a connection with the network (e.g., as described herein). The WTRU 302 may select an SSB from the second set of unmuted SSBs 324 based on measurements of the second set of unmuted SSBs 324. The selected SSB may be for transmission of the random access message 314 (e.g., RACH preamble). If the WUS response 310 includes an UL grant, the WTRU 302 may transmit a random access message 314 (e.g., an RRC message such as Msg3) based on the selected second SSB (e.g., a new beam). For example, the WTRU 302 may transmit an initial access message using one or more RACH resources associated with the selected SSB. The WTRU 302 may receive a random access message 316 (e.g., Msg2 / B).

[0195] 4 shows an exemplary expansion of an SSB mute pattern 400. The SSB mute pattern 400 may indicate which SSBs (e.g., SSB indices) are muted or unmuted within each of a plurality of SSB bursts 410, 420, and 430. In an example, muted or unmuted SSBs within each of a plurality of SSB bursts may be identified based on an index / ID associated with each muted or unmuted SSB. For example, a first SSB burst 410 may include multiple muted SSBs 412 and multiple unmuted SSBs 414. The muted SSBs 412 and unmuted SSBs 414 may be in a pattern (e.g., SSB mute pattern 400). A second SSB burst 420 may include multiple muted SSBs 422 and multiple unmuted SSBs 424. The muted SSBs 422 and unmuted SSBs 424 may be in a pattern (e.g., SSB mute pattern 400). The third SSB burst 430 may include multiple muted SSBs 432 and multiple unmuted SSBs 434. The muted SSBs 432 and unmuted SSBs 434 may be in a pattern (e.g., SSB mute pattern 400). It should be appreciated that while the unmuted SSBs 414, 424, 434 in consecutive SSB bursts 410, 420, 430 are the same, the unmuted SSBs 414, 424, 434 in consecutive bursts 410, 420, 430 may be different.

[0196] Provided herein are systems, methods, and apparatus for a WTRU that may transmit a cell WUS indication to request a change in the muting pattern of an SSB.

[0197] In an example, the WTRU may decide to transmit a cell WUS indication to request modifying an existing SSB muting pattern and / or activating a new SSB muting pattern (e.g., based on DL synchronization achieved using unmuted SSBs). One or more embodiments may be applied when an SSB muting pattern is applied by a cell operating in an NES state (e.g., cell DTX), where a subset and / or limited number (e.g., only) of SSBs are transmitted. One or more embodiments may be applied by the WTRU, for example, when it determines that a configured and / or activated SSB muting pattern is determined to be inappropriate.

[0198] In an example, the WTRU may receive configuration information via one or more of an SIB, RRC signaling, a cell activity indicator, and / or a DCI and / or MAC CE. The configuration information may include one or more of the following: The configuration information may include a set of two or more SSB mute patterns. The SSB mute pattern configuration may include, for one or more (e.g., each) patterns, the number of SSBs per burst, the period per burst, and / or which SSBs are transmitted in one or more (e.g., each) burst. For example, an SSB mute pattern may include eight SSBs per burst with a period of 20 ms (e.g., an SSB burst may be received by the WTRU every 20 ms), and / or another SSB mute pattern may include four SSBs per burst with a period of 40 ms. The configuration information may include an indication that a first SSB mute pattern from the set of SSB mute patterns is activated. The configuration information may include an RSRP threshold. The configuration information may include one or more delay thresholds. For example, the delay thresholds may be associated with delays for monitoring, measuring, and / or selecting one or more SSBs / beams. The delay thresholds may be applied when determining whether an SSB muting pattern is preferred and / or can be changed.

[0199] In an example, the WTRU may monitor unmuted SSBs according to a configured first SSB mute pattern upon detecting one or more triggering events / conditions (e.g., detection of an RA event). The WTRU may perform one or more measurements on the detected one or more unmuted SSBs (e.g., SSB beams) in the first SSB mute pattern. The WTRU may select an unmuted SSB based on the RSRP measurement (e.g., the WTRU may select the unmuted SSB with the highest RSRP).

[0200] If the RSRP of the selected unmuted SSB exceeds the RSRP threshold, the WTRU may transmit a RACH preamble associated with the selected unmuted SSB to establish initial access and / or connection with the network. For example, the WTRU may transmit an initial access message using one or more RACH resources associated with the selected SSB. Additionally or alternatively, if the RSRP of the selected unmuted SSB is less than the RSRP threshold, the WTRU may determine a mute pattern for the second SSB based on one or more of the following: The WTRU may determine the mute pattern for the second SSB based on the number of SSBs per burst in the mute pattern for one or more (e.g., each) SSBs. For example, the WTRU may determine a mute pattern for the second SSB that may have a number of SSBs per burst that is above a threshold and / or is greater than the number of SSBs per burst in the mute pattern for the first SSB. The WTRU may determine the mute pattern for the second SSB based on a periodicity associated with the mute pattern for one or more (e.g., each) SSBs. For example, the WTRU may determine a second SSB mute pattern that may have a period of SSB bursts that is above or below a threshold and / or higher than the period of the first SSB mute pattern. The WTRU may determine the second SSB mute pattern based on which SSBs are transmitted in one or more (e.g., each) SSB mute patterns. For example, the WTRU may determine a second SSB mute pattern that may have a certain set of SSBs and / or SSB density that may not be available in the first SSB mute pattern. The WTRU may determine the second SSB mute pattern based on the time until the next burst of the activated SSB mute pattern. For example, the WTRU may determine the mute pattern for the second SSB based on whether the time and / or delay to the next SSB burst in the mute pattern for the first SSB is greater than a delay threshold and / or whether the time and / or delay to the next SSB burst in the mute pattern for the second SSB is less than another delay threshold.

[0201] In an example, the WTRU may transmit a cell WUS indication to the network upon determining the muting pattern for the second SSB. Such a cell WUS indication may be transmitted by the WTRU, for example, using one or more resources and / or spatial filters associated with the selected unmuted SSB. Such a cell WUS indication may be used to request and / or provide preference information to the network regarding one or more of: requesting to change / deactivate the muting pattern for the first SSB, requesting to activate the muting pattern for the second SSB (e.g., an ID / index associated with the muting pattern for the second SSB), and / or requesting to transition to a non-NES state. Such a cell WUS indication may be transmitted, for example, during a WUS opportunity associated with the unmuted SSB configured in the WTRU.

[0202] In an example, a WTRU may receive a WUS response from the network upon transmitting a cell WUS indication. The WTRU may start a WUS response timer m symbols / slots (e.g., m=1) based on (e.g., after) transmitting the cell WUS indication during the WUS opportunity. The WTRU may, for example, monitor the WUS response indication while the WUS response timer is running. The WUS response may be received, for example, in WTRU-specific signaling and / or group-common signaling. The WUS response may be received via one or more resources associated with unmuted SSBs (e.g., via SSBs / beams used by the WTRU to transmit the cell WUS indication).

[0203] The WUS response indication may include one or more of an indication of activation of the mute pattern of the second SSB and / or the mute pattern of another / third SSB (e.g., pattern ID / index), an indication of new SSBs in the first and / or second SSB that may have been activated and / or may currently be available (e.g., indexes associated with one or more new SSBs), and / or an indication of deactivation of the mute pattern of the first SSB.

[0204] In an example, the WTRU may monitor a set of one or more unmuted SSBs in the second SSB mute pattern and / or the third SSB mute pattern based on information received in the WUS response indication. The WTRU may perform one or more measurements on the one or more unmuted SSBs. The WTRU may (e.g., then) select an unmuted SSB (e.g., a new SSB beam) in the second and / or third SSB mute pattern based on one or more measurements (e.g., L1 RSRP) and / or by using criteria related to one or more measurements (e.g., the RSRP measurement of the selected unmuted SSB exceeds a threshold and / or is highest among the detected unmuted SSBs in the second and / or third SSB mute patterns).

[0205] The WTRU may transmit initial access Msg1 and / or Msg3 using resources associated with the selected unmuted SSB. For example, the WTRU may select a RACH preamble associated with the selected unmuted SSB and / or transmit a preamble (e.g., Msg1). In an example, if the WUS response indication includes an UL grant, the WTRU may transmit Msg3 (e.g., an RRC message) based on the selected unmuted SSB. For example, the WTRU may transmit the initial access message using one or more RACH resources associated with the selected unmuted SSB.

[0206] In an example, the WTRU may perform one or more of the following:

[0207] The WTRU may receive configuration information. The configuration information may include a set of two or more SSB mute patterns. The SSB mute pattern configuration may include, for one or more (e.g., each) patterns, the number of SSBs per burst, the period per burst, and / or which SSBs are transmitted in one or more (e.g., each) burst. For example, an SSB mute pattern may include eight SSBs per burst with a period of 20 ms, and / or another SSB mute pattern may include four SSBs per burst with a period of 40 ms. The configuration information may include an indication that a first SSB mute pattern from the set of SSB mute patterns is activated. The configuration information may include an RSRP threshold. The configuration information may include one or more delay thresholds.

[0208] The WTRU may, for example, when triggered by an RA event, perform one or more measurements on one or more unmuted SSBs based on the muting pattern of the first (e.g., activated) SSB.

[0209] The WTRU may select an unmuted SSB (eg, the unmuted SSB with the highest RSRP) based on one or more measurements.

[0210] If the RSRP of the selected unmuted SSB is less than the RSRP threshold, the WTRU may determine a mute pattern for the second SSB based on one or more of the following: The WTRU may determine a mute pattern for the second SSB based on the number of SSBs per burst in one or more (e.g., each) SSB mute patterns. The WTRU may determine a mute pattern for the second SSB based on a periodicity associated with one or more (e.g., each) SSB mute patterns. The WTRU may determine a mute pattern for the second SSB based on which SSBs are transmitted in one or more (e.g., each) burst in one or more (e.g., each) mute patterns. The WTRU may determine a mute pattern for the second SSB based on the time to the next burst of the activated SSB mute pattern (e.g., whether the time to the next burst is greater than a delay threshold). If the RSRP of the selected unmuted SSB is less than the RSRP threshold, the WTRU may transmit a cell WUS. The cell WUS may indicate a request to activate the muting pattern of the second SSB. If the RSRP of the selected unmuted SSB is less than the RSRP threshold, the WTRU may receive a WUS response. The WUS response may indicate activation of the muting pattern of the second SSB and / or another SSB (e.g., the ID of the muting pattern of the activated SSB). If the RSRP of the selected unmuted SSB is less than the RSRP threshold, the WTRU may perform one or more measurements on one or more unmuted SSBs based on the muting pattern of the second SSB and / or the muting pattern of the other SSB indicated by the WUS response. If the RSRP of the selected unmuted SSB is less than the RSRP threshold, the WTRU may select an unmuted SSB (e.g., based on one or more measurements). If the RSRP of the selected unmuted SSB is less than the RSRP threshold, the WTRU may transmit a RACH preamble associated with the selected SSB.For example, the WTRU may transmit an initial access message using one or more RACH resources associated with the selected SSB.

[0211] Although features and elements have been described above in particular combinations, those skilled in the art will appreciate that each feature or element may be used alone or in any combination with the other features and elements. Additionally, the methods described herein may be implemented in a computer program, software, or firmware embodied in a computer-readable medium for execution by a computer or processor. Examples of computer-readable media include electronic signals (transmitted via wired or wireless connections) and computer-readable storage media. Examples of computer-readable storage media include, but are not limited to, read-only memory (ROM), random-access memory (RAM), registers, cache memory, semiconductor memory devices, magnetic media such as internal hard disks and removable disks, magneto-optical media, and optical media such as CD-ROM disks and digital versatile disks (DVDs). A processor in conjunction with software may be used to implement a radio frequency transceiver for use in a WTRU, UE, terminal, base station, RNC, or any host computer.

Claims

1. 1. A wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), comprising: receiving configuration information including one or more synchronization signal block (SSB) muting patterns, one or more cell wake-up signal (WUS) resources, or reference signal received power (RSRP) thresholds; measuring a first set of unmuted SSBs associated with the SSB mute pattern; determining that each measurement of the first set of unmuted SSBs is below the RSRP threshold; transmitting a cell WUS indication based on a determination that the measurement of each of the first set of unmuted SSBs is below an RSRP threshold; receiving a WUS response indicating a second set of unmuted SSBs; measuring a second set of unmuted SSB signals; selecting an SSB from the second set of unmuted SSBs based on measurements of the second set of unmuted SSBs; transmitting an initial access message using one or more random access channel (RACH) resources associated with the selected SSB; 10. A WTRU comprising: a processor configured to execute:

2. 2. The WTRU of claim 1, wherein the SSB muting pattern includes one or more of a period, a starting offset of an SSB burst, or a number of SSBs per burst.

3. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein the cell WUS resources include a mapping associated with unmuted SSB and WUS resources.

4. 2. The WTRU of claim 1, wherein the SSB muting pattern indicates which SSBs are muted or unmuted in each of a plurality of SSB bursts, and the unmuted SSBs in consecutive bursts are the same.

5. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein the WUS response is received after transmitting the cell WUS indication.

6. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein the processor is configured to trigger measurements of a first set of unmuted SSBs based on a random access (RA) event.

7. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein the cell WUS indication is transmitted using resources associated with SSBs of a first set of unmuted SSBs.

8. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein the selected SSB is associated with a measured RSRP that is a highest RSRP associated with the second set of SSBs.

9. 10. The WTRU of claim 1, wherein the initial access message is transmitted based on the selected SSB, the initial access message being associated with initial access to a network and establishment of a connection with the network.

10. 2. The WTRU of claim 1, wherein the indication of the second set of unmuted SSBs includes one or more of an indication of one or more newly available SSBs or a muting pattern of a second SSB.

11. 1. A method performed by a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), comprising: receiving configuration information including one or more synchronization signal block (SSB) muting patterns, one or more cell wake-up signal (WUS) resources, or reference signal received power (RSRP) thresholds; measuring a first set of unmuted SSBs associated with the SSB mute pattern; determining that one or more measurements of the first set of unmuted SSB signals are below the RSRP threshold; transmitting a cell WUS indication based on a determination that the one or more measurements are below an RSRP threshold; and receiving a WUS response indicating a second set of unmuted SSBs; measuring a second set of unmuted SSB signals; selecting an SSB from the second set of unmuted SSBs based on measurements of the second set of unmuted SSBs, the SSBs selected for transmission of a random access channel (RACH) preamble; transmitting an initial access message using one or more random access channel (RACH) resources associated with the selected SSB; A method comprising:

12. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the SSB muting pattern includes one or more of a period, a starting offset of an SSB burst, or a number of SSBs per burst.

13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the cell WUS resources include a mapping associated with unmuted SSB and WUS resources.

14. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the SSB muting pattern indicates which SSBs are muted or unmuted in each SSB burst, and the unmuted SSBs in consecutive bursts are the same.

15. The method of claim 11 , wherein the WUS response is received after transmitting the cell WUS indication.

16. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the first set of measurements of unmuted SSB is triggered by a random access (RA) event.

17. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the cell WUS indication is transmitted using resources associated with SSBs of a first set of unmuted SSBs.

18. The method of claim 11 , wherein the selected SSB is associated with a measured RSRP that is the highest RSRP of the second set of SSBs.

19. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the initial access message is transmitted based on the selected SSB, the initial access message being associated with initial access to a network and establishment of a connection with the network.

20. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the indication of the second set of unmuted SSBs includes one or more of an indication of a mute pattern of one or more newly available SSBs or a second SSB.

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