Composition

Abstract

This specification discloses a composition, a fire extinguishing device, and uses thereof. The composition and fire extinguishing device are applied to products that may experience abnormal heat generation, ignition, and / or explosion during operation, storage, and / or maintenance, and can effectively respond to such heat generation, ignition, and explosion. The composition and fire extinguishing device are applied, for example, to an article containing multiple such products, and can respond to abnormal heat generation, explosion, and / or ignition occurring in any one of the products and prevent such heat generation, explosion, and / or ignition from spreading to other adjacent products. The composition and fire extinguishing device also have excellent handling and storage stability. This specification also discloses uses of the composition and fire extinguishing device.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This application claims the benefit of priority based on Korean Patent Application Nos. 10-2023-0041413 and 10-2023-0041416, filed March 29, 2023, and all contents disclosed in the documents of said patent applications are incorporated herein by reference.

[0002] This specification discloses a composition, a fire extinguishing device and its uses. [Background technology]

[0003] There is a need for technology to ensure the stability of products that pose a risk of abnormal heat generation, fire, and explosion (hereinafter referred to as "hazardous products"). In particular, when multiple such hazardous products are included, if abnormal heat generation, fire, and / or explosion from one product has a chain reaction that affects other adjacent products, it can cause serious problems from the perspective of stability. A typical example of this situation is the so-called TR (Thermal Runaway) or TP (Thermal Propagation) phenomenon that occurs in battery modules, battery packs, etc.

[0004] A battery module or battery pack includes multiple battery cells or multiple battery modules arranged adjacent to each other. In such a structure, if abnormal heat generation, fire, and / or explosion occurs in any one battery cell and / or battery module, the heat generation, fire, and / or explosion may spread to other adjacent battery cells in a chain reaction, which is called the TR or TP phenomenon.

[0005] With the development of products that require a lot of energy to operate, such as electric vehicles, the energy capacity of the battery modules or battery packs has increased significantly, and this has also significantly increased the risk of the TR or TP phenomenon.

[0006] In particular, in cases where the safety of users is directly affected by the TR or TP phenomenon, such as in electric vehicles, the chain reaction of heat generation, fire, and explosion caused by the TR or TP must be managed. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0007] This specification discloses compositions, fire extinguishing devices and their uses.

[0008] The present specification aims to disclose a composition and a fire extinguishing device that can be applied to products that may experience abnormal heat generation, ignition, and / or explosion during operation, storage, and / or maintenance, and that can effectively respond to such heat generation, ignition, and explosion, and their uses.

[0009] For example, the compositions and fire extinguishing devices disclosed herein can be applied to an article containing multiple of the above-mentioned products to respond to abnormal heat generation, explosion, and / or fire occurring in any one of the products and prevent the spread of such heat generation, explosion, and / or fire to other adjacent products.

[0010] Another object of the present specification is to disclose the composition and the fire extinguishing device, which have excellent handling properties and storage stability, and to disclose uses of the composition and the fire extinguishing device. [Means for solving the problem]

[0011] Of the physical properties referred to in this specification, those that are affected by temperature are those measured at room temperature unless otherwise specified.

[0012] The term "room temperature" refers to a natural temperature that is not artificially heated or cooled, and means, for example, any temperature within the range of about 10°C to 30°C, or a temperature of about 23°C or about 25°C.

[0013] Unless otherwise specified herein, temperatures are in °C.

[0014] Of the physical properties referred to in this specification, those that are affected by pressure are those measured at normal pressure unless otherwise specified.

[0015] The term "normal pressure" refers to natural pressure that is not artificially increased or decreased, and generally, a pressure within the range of about 700 mmHg to 800 mmHg is referred to as normal pressure.

[0016] Among the physical properties referred to in this specification, those that are affected by humidity are those measured at standard humidity unless otherwise specified.

[0017] Standard humidity means a relative humidity of about 40%, 50%, 60% or 65%.

[0018] This specification discloses a composition.

[0019] The term "composition" refers to an object containing two or more components. Such a composition may be a fire-fighting composition. A fire-fighting composition is a composition that can be used to suppress abnormal heat, fire, explosion, etc.

[0020] Such a composition can exhibit excellent effects, particularly when combined with the structure of a fire extinguishing device described below.

[0021] Accordingly, this specification also discloses a fire extinguishing device. First, the fire extinguishing device will be described.

[0022] The fire extinguishing device includes a case having an enclosed space therein, and a vaporizable substance or composition present in the enclosed space.

[0023] The composition may be a fire-fighting composition as described above, and the vaporizable material may be a component of the composition.

[0024] The case is a container for maintaining the vaporizable substance or composition. The case has the sealed space therein or is prepared so as to be able to form the sealed space. In this regard, "the case is prepared so as to be able to form the sealed space therein" means that the sealed space is formed inside the case, or that a certain space exists inside the case, and the space is not sealed, but the case exists so as to be able to form the sealed space by sealing an open portion.

[0025] The enclosed space in such a case may have a vent area. The term "vent area" may refer to an area that is sealed in a first state to maintain the enclosed state of the space, but is open in a second state to allow the discharge of materials inside the space. The second state may refer to a state in which, for example, abnormal ignition, heat generation, and / or explosion occurs in the environment where the composition or fire extinguishing device is applied, and the first state may refer to a state in which the abnormal ignition, heat generation, and explosion do not occur.

[0026] Such a vent region can be formed in the manner described below.

[0027] In one example, the case may have a water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) within a predetermined range or may include a portion having such a WVTR. For example, at least the portion of the case that forms the sealed space may have a water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) within the predetermined range. For example, the upper limit of the WVTR of the case may be approximately 10, 9.5, 9, 8.5, 8, 7.5, 7, 6.5, 6, 5.5, 5, 4.5, 4, 3.5, 3, 2.5, 2, 1.5, 1, 0.5, 0.45, 0.4, 0.35, 0.3, 0.25, 0.2, 0.15, 0.1, 0.05, or 0.01, and the lower limit may be approximately 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5. The WVTR may be within a range equal to or less than any one of the upper limits set forth above; or may be within a range equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits set forth above and equal to or less than any one of the upper limits set forth above. The closer the WVTR is to the ranges disclosed in the Examples section of this specification within the above-described ranges, the more excellent the effects can be secured.

[0028] The unit of the WVTR is g / m 2 ·days, which is measured by the method described in "9. Evaluation of WVTR (Water Vapor Transmission Rate)" in the Examples section of this specification.

[0029] In one example, when an enclosed space is formed within the case, at least a certain level of the entire area of ​​the case forming the enclosed space may have a WVTR within the above-described range.

[0030] For example, a WVTR within the aforementioned range can be confirmed over a certain percentage or more of the total area of ​​the case. For example, the lower limit of the percentage of the area of ​​the case having a WVTR within the aforementioned range can be approximately 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 97%, or 99%, and the upper limit can be approximately 100%. The percentage can be greater than or exceeding any one of the aforementioned lower limits; or it can be greater than or exceeding any one of the aforementioned lower limits and less than or equal to the aforementioned upper limit.

[0031] In another example, a portion of the case that forms the sealed space may have a water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) within the aforementioned range. For example, the lower limit of the percentage of the area of ​​the case that forms the sealed space and exhibits a WVTR within the aforementioned range may be approximately 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 97%, or 99%, and the upper limit may be approximately 100%. The percentage may be greater than or equal to any one of the aforementioned lower limits; or may be greater than or equal to any one of the aforementioned lower limits and less than or equal to the aforementioned upper limit.

[0032] The above means that the sealed space inside the case is substantially entirely surrounded by an area having a WVTR within the aforementioned range, which effectively induces a momentary increase in internal pressure inside the fire extinguisher, as described below.

[0033] The fire extinguishing device is configured to stably maintain a vaporizable substance or composition inside in a normal state, and to release all or part of the vaporizable substance or composition or its vaporized form to the outside in an abnormal state. The abnormal state may be, for example, the second state, and the normal state may be, for example, the first state.

[0034] The fire extinguishing device will be described assuming that it is applied to a battery module.

[0035] Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the fire extinguisher S applied to a battery module. As shown in Fig. 1, the battery module may be configured by arranging a plurality of battery cells 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, and 16 adjacent to each other, and the fire extinguisher S may be arranged between the battery cells (for example, between 12 and 13 in Fig. 1 and between 14 and 15 in Fig. 1) as shown.

[0036] The fire extinguisher S maintains vaporizable materials and the like inside in a normal state. In an abnormal state, the vaporizable materials and the like of the fire extinguisher S are ejected in a direction (dotted arrow in FIG. 1) through, for example, the vent region described above, thereby responding to high temperatures and flames caused by abnormal heat generation, ignition, and / or explosion. Although FIG. 1 illustrates a case in which the material is ejected toward both the upper and lower ends of the fire extinguisher S, the ejection direction is not limited to that shown in FIG. 1. The ejection direction may be one direction of the fire extinguisher S, or two or more directions. Such ejection direction can be adjusted by forming a vent region.

[0037] In order for a fire extinguisher to perform its function effectively under abnormal conditions, it is required that the vaporous materials present inside the case be maintained stably under normal conditions, and that when an abnormal condition occurs, the vaporous materials be quickly discharged to the outside in as vaporized a state as possible and used up. The fire extinguisher can meet these requirements.

[0038] The principle on which the fire extinguishing device works will now be explained.

[0039] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the fire extinguisher S of FIG. 1 separately. In the configuration shown in FIG. 1, if abnormal heat generation, ignition, and / or explosion occurs in at least one battery cell, high heat above a certain level is instantaneously applied to the fire extinguisher, as indicated by the solid arrows in FIG. 2. Vaporizable materials present inside the fire extinguisher are vaporized by the applied heat. The vaporized materials are randomly propagated in all directions within the sealed space inside the fire extinguisher case 1001, as indicated by the dotted arrows in FIG. 2. If the sealed space of the case 1001 is substantially surrounded by the WVTR-equipped portion, the vaporized materials cannot be released to the outside, and the inside of the case 1001 momentarily becomes highly pressurized. If the vent area 1002 of the case is instantaneously opened at a high pressure above a certain level, the internal gas is rapidly released to the outside through the opened vent area 1002.

[0040] If the WVTR of the case surrounding the sealed space is not high, the internal pressure of the case 1001 may not increase effectively in the above state, or the rate of increase may be slow, preventing the vent area 1002 from opening effectively. Even if the vent area 1002 is opened, the internal pressure may be insufficient, causing some of the vaporized material to be discharged to the outside and remain unconsumed, or the discharge rate may be excessively slow.

[0041] Maintaining a low WVTR of the case has the added benefit of ensuring the storage stability of the internal materials under normal conditions.

[0042] The method for forming the vent region is not particularly limited. The vent region may be formed by designing the case to open when the internal pressure of the case forming the sealed space reaches a certain level. For example, if a portion of the case forming the sealed space is configured to have lower strength than other portions, the portion with lower strength may open due to increased internal pressure. Another method may be to form the sealed space through sealing using a hot melt material, etc., so that opening occurs upon melting at a predetermined temperature. Alternatively, the vent region may be formed by making only a certain portion of the case forming the sealed space thinner than other portions. Such a method for forming a vent region is easily understood by those skilled in the art.

[0043] For example, when the fire extinguishing device is applied to a battery module or pack, the case may be a prismatic case, a pouch-type case, and / or a cylindrical case in the same shape as a battery cell for ease of application. In such cases, a vent region may be formed in the prismatic or cylindrical case by controlling the bonding strength of a cover that forms a sealed space.

[0044] The case can be constructed using any known material as long as it satisfies the WVTR described above, and the material can have a single layer structure or a multi-layer structure of two or more layers.

[0045] For example, the case can be formed using suitable organic and / or inorganic layers that can exhibit a WVTR in the range.

[0046] The organic layer may be, for example, a known polymer film or sheet. Examples of the organic film include a cellulose-based polymer film, a cycloolefin copolymer (COP) film, an acrylic polymer film, a polyolefin film, a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film, a poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) film, a polyether sulfone (PES) film, a polyetheretherketon (PEEK) film, a polyphenylsulfone (PPS) film, a polyetherimide (PEI) film, a polyethylene terephthalate (PEN) film, a polyester film such as a poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) film, a polyimide (PI) film, a polysulfone (PSF) film, and / or a polyarylate (PAR) film.

[0047] For example, the inorganic layer may be a metal layer, a metal oxide layer, a metal nitride layer, a metal oxynitride layer, etc. The inorganic layer may be a metal layer, a metal oxide layer, a metal nitride layer, a metal oxynitride layer, etc. containing one or more selected from the group consisting of In, Sn, Pb, Au, Cu, Ag, Zr, Hf, Zn, Al, Si, La, Ti, and Ni. For example, a foil, sheet, or film of the material may be applied, or the metal layer, metal oxide layer, metal nitride layer, or metal oxynitride layer may be formed on an appropriate substrate by vapor deposition or the like.

[0048] The material forming the case may be a single layer selected from the inorganic layer and the organic layer, or may have a multi-layer structure in which two or more of the above layers are laminated.

[0049] The thickness of the inorganic layer and / or organic layer is not particularly limited and is selected taking into consideration the desired physical properties, such as WVTR. For example, the lower limit of the thickness may be approximately 1 μm, 5 μm, 10 μm, 15 μm, 20 μm, 25 μm, or 30 μm, and the upper limit may be approximately 5,000 μm, 4,000 μm, 3,000 μm, 2,000 μm, 1,000 μm, 500 μm, 200 μm, 150 μm, 100 μm, 90 μm, 80 μm, 70 μm, 60 μm, 50 μm, 40 μm, or 30 μm. The thickness may be less than or equal to any one of the upper limits; or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits; or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits.

[0050] The fire extinguishing device may include further configurations to make the function more effective.

[0051] For example, the fire extinguishing device may further include a thermally conductive layer. Such a thermally conductive layer may be present at an appropriate location within the fire extinguishing device. For example, the thermally conductive layer may be present between the case and the vaporizable substance or composition in the fire extinguishing device, or the thermally conductive layer may be present adjacent to the case.

[0052] Fig. 3 shows an example in which the heat conductive layer 2001 is added to the fire extinguisher of Fig. 2. The heat conductive layer may be present at another position inside the case, and the number of layers may be one or more.

[0053] The term "thermal conductive layer" refers to a layer having a thermal conductivity (based on 20°C) within the range described below. The lower limit of the thermal conductivity (based on 20°C) of the thermal conductive layer may be approximately 15, 18, 20, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, or 400, and the upper limit may be approximately 2,000, 1,500, 1,000, 900, 800, 700, 600, 500, 400, 300, 200, 100, or 50. The thermal conductivity may be greater than or exceeding any one of the lower limits; or greater than or exceeding any one of the lower limits and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits. The thermal conductivity is expressed in W / mK and can be evaluated using the method described in "15. Evaluation of Thermal Conductivity" in the Examples section of this specification.

[0054] The type of the thermally conductive layer is not particularly limited as long as it has the above-mentioned thermal conductivity. Generally, metal materials have excellent thermal conductivity and can be used for the thermally conductive layer. For example, a layer made of a metal material such as aluminum, gold, pure silver, tungsten, copper, nickel, or platinum can be used.

[0055] The thickness of the thermally conductive layer is not particularly limited, and an appropriate thickness can be set taking into consideration the specifications of the fire extinguisher, etc. For example, the lower limit of the thickness of the thermally conductive layer can be approximately 1 μm, 5 μm, 10 μm, 15 μm, 50 μm, 75 μm, or 90 μm, and the upper limit can be approximately 500 μm, 400 μm, 300 μm, 200 μm, 100 μm, 50 μm, 40 μm, or 30 μm. The thickness can be within a range equal to or less than any one of the upper limits mentioned above; or within a range equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits mentioned above; or within a range equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits and equal to or less than any one of the upper limits mentioned above.

[0056] As shown in Figure 3, in some cases, heat generated under abnormal conditions may not be applied uniformly to the fire extinguisher, but may be applied locally to a certain area. However, in order for the vaporizable material inside the fire extinguisher to vaporize quickly and achieve a high-pressure state, heat under abnormal conditions must be applied uniformly to the fire extinguisher. If a thermally conductive layer is present, even if heat under abnormal conditions is applied locally, the heat can be quickly transferred to the entire fire extinguisher, thereby allowing the fire extinguishing action of the fire extinguisher to occur quickly and efficiently.

[0057] To ensure the fire extinguisher's effectiveness, the amount of the vaporizable substance or the composition containing the vaporizable substance (described below) present in the internal space or enclosed space of the case of the fire extinguisher can be adjusted. For example, the lower limit of the volume ratio of the vaporizable substance or composition to the total volume of the internal space or enclosed space of the case can be approximately 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, or 95%, and the upper limit can be approximately 100%. The ratio can be greater than or exceeding any one of the lower limits; or greater than or exceeding any one of the lower limits and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits. Under such a ratio, the rapid increase in internal pressure can be more effectively induced.

[0058] The fire-extinguishing composition will now be described.

[0059] The fire-extinguishing composition may be contained in an enclosed space inside the fire-extinguishing device and may be formulated to more effectively exert the effects described with reference to Figures 2 and 3, in particular.

[0060] The composition can be formulated to be non-flammable and environmentally and human-friendly.

[0061] For example, the composition may have a flammability rating of 0 or 1 according to the NFPA (National Fire Protection Association) 704 standard. The NFPA 704 standard, published by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), is a standard expressed in the so-called Fire Diamond, which was created to facilitate rapid response to hazardous materials in emergency situations. The flammability rating is indicated by the red area. The standard is classified into 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4, with 0 meaning no flammability and 1 meaning ignition when sufficiently heated, with an approximate flash point of 93°C or higher. The flammability rating is evaluated in accordance with the NFPA (National Fire Protection Association) 704 standard.

[0062] The composition may be non-flammable, with a flammability rating of 0 or 1 according to the NFPA (National Fire Protection Association) 704 standard. For example, the composition may have a health hazard rating of 0, 1, or 2 according to the NFPA (National Fire Protection Association) 704 standard. The health hazard rating is represented by the blue area of ​​the NFPA 704 fire diamond. The standard is classified into 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4, where 0 indicates no health threat and no special precautions are required, 1 indicates possible minor injury upon exposure, and 2 indicates possible temporary damage or injury upon sustained / general contact but not chronic contact.

[0063] In order for the composition to exhibit the above-mentioned grade, each component constituting the composition may also be made of a material exhibiting the above-mentioned flammability and / or health hazard grade.

[0064] The composition includes at least the vaporizable substance. The vaporizable substance vaporizes under certain temperature and / or pressure conditions, increasing the internal pressure as described above. The vaporizable substance can also be ejected to the outside in a vaporized state to perform fire extinguishing and / or cooling functions.

[0065] An appropriate type of vaporizable substance may be selected and used. For example, the vaporizable substance may be a substance known as a vaporizable substance. For example, the vaporizable substance may exist in a liquid state at least at room temperature (about 25°C). Such a vaporizable substance may be used to increase the internal pressure of the enclosed space by instantaneous vaporization in response to abnormal heat generation, fire, or explosion occurring in an adjacent object, or to reduce heat through heat exchange or to eliminate the fire.

[0066] Any non-flammable substance can be used as the vaporizable substance without any particular limitation. For example, the vaporizable substance can be a substance having a freezing point and / or boiling point within a predetermined range.

[0067] For example, the lower limit of the freezing point of the vaporizable substance may be about -5°C, -4°C, -3°C, -2°C, -1°C, or 0°C, and the upper limit may be about 10°C, 9°C, 8°C, 7°C, 6°C, 5°C, 4°C, 3°C, or 2°C. The freezing point may be greater than or exceeding any one of the lower limits mentioned above and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits mentioned above. The freezing point is the freezing point under 1 atmosphere.

[0068] The vaporizable substance may have a boiling point within a certain range to exhibit suitable vaporizability. For example, the lower limit of the boiling point of the vaporizable substance may be approximately 80°C, 85°C, 90°C, or 95°C, and the upper limit may be approximately 120°C, 115°C, 110°C, or 105°C. The boiling point may be greater than or exceeding any one of the lower limits and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits. The boiling point is measured at 1 atmosphere.

[0069] The vaporizable substance can be selected and used without any particular limitation as long as it has a freezing point and / or boiling point within the above range and is non-flammable. A typical example of a non-flammable vaporizable substance having a freezing point and / or boiling point within the above range is water, and therefore water can be used as the vaporizable substance, but the types of applicable vaporizable substances are not limited to the above.

[0070] In order for the composition to be applied to the enclosed space of the fire extinguisher and to increase the internal pressure at an appropriate rate at the required time, it is necessary to control the content of the vaporizable substance in the enclosed space or in the composition.

[0071] For example, the lower limit of the proportion of the vaporizable substance in the composition or the enclosed space of the fire extinguishing device may be about 50% by weight, 55% by weight, 60% by weight, 65% by weight, 70% by weight, 75% by weight, or 80% by weight, and the upper limit may be about 95% by weight, 90% by weight, 85% by weight, 80% by weight, 75% by weight, 70% by weight, 65% by weight, or 60% by weight. The proportion may be greater than or exceeding any one of the lower limits; or greater than or exceeding any one of the lower limits and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits. The closer the content of the vaporizable substance is to the range disclosed in the examples within the above range, the more improved the effect may be. The proportion is a percentage based on the total weight of all components present in the composition or the enclosed space.

[0072] The composition or enclosed space may contain only the vaporizable substance, or may further contain other components.

[0073] For example, the composition or the enclosed space may further include a freezing point modifier. The term "freezing point modifier" refers to a component that controls the freezing point and / or boiling point of the composition through the so-called freezing point depression phenomenon. For the fire extinguishing device to effectively perform the functions described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3, the vaporizable substance must vaporize instantaneously at the required time, and a freezing point modifier may be used for this purpose. Furthermore, since it is advantageous for the vaporizable substance to be in a liquid state when the abnormal condition occurs, such a state can be ensured by a freezing point modifier. Furthermore, when the composition is applied to highly integrated products such as battery modules or battery cells, if a phase transition occurs due to cooling of the composition in a low-temperature environment, changes in the volume and hardness of the composition can adversely affect adjacent products. The addition of a freezing point modifier can also solve this problem.

[0074] The form in which the freezing point modifier is applied can be controlled to ensure the effects described above, particularly the instantaneous, complete, and rapid vaporization of the vaporizable substance at the required time.

[0075] For example, the freezing point regulator may be a ΔT f can exist such that can be in a predetermined range.

[0076] [Formula 1] △T f =K f ×M×I In Equation 1, K f is the freezing point depression constant of the vaporizable substance.

[0077] The above K f The unit of is °C / m. For example, if the vaporizable substance is water, the K f is approximately 1.86.

[0078] In Equation 1, M is the molar concentration of the freezing point modifier relative to the vaporizable substance, and thus M is the number of moles of the freezing point modifier present per kg of the vaporizable substance in the composition or enclosed space.

[0079] In Equation 1, I is the number of ions (moles) formed by one mole of the freezing point modifier when the freezing point modifier dissociates, where dissociation means that the freezing point modifier is completely dissociated. Therefore, for example, if the freezing point modifier is not an ionic compound, I is 1.

[0080] When two or more kinds of freezing point regulators or ionic compounds are present in the composition, the ΔT f The sum of these values ​​is the △T f value.

[0081] △T in Equation 1 f The lower limit of ΔT may be, for example, about 5, 10, 15, 20, 22, or 24, and the upper limit may be about 50, 45, 40, 35, 30, 25, 20, or 15. f The unit of ΔT is °C. f may be a range that is greater than or equal to or exceeds any one of the aforementioned lower limits and is less than or equal to any one of the aforementioned upper limits.

[0082] By applying the freezing point modifier in this range, the vaporizable substance can be vaporized quickly and substantially completely when needed, allowing the internal pressure of the enclosed space to be rapidly increased, and the vaporizable substance can remain in a liquid state when needed, preventing changes in the volume and hardness of the composition or fire extinguishing device that can affect the operation of the product under normal conditions. f The closer to the range of the examples within the above range, the better the effect.

[0083] The freezing point regulator may be, for example, an alcohol or an ionic compound. The category of ionic compounds includes substances that are ionic themselves or can generate ions, such as salt.

[0084] For example, the alcohol may have a boiling point within a predetermined range. For example, the lower limit of the boiling point of the alcohol may be about 150°C, 170°C, or 190°C, and the upper limit may be about 300°C, 280°C, 260°C, 240°C, 220°C, or 200°C. The boiling point may be greater than or exceeding any one of the lower limits and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits.

[0085] For example, the alcohol may have a molar mass within a predetermined range. For example, the lower limit of the molar mass of the alcohol may be about 20 g / mol, 30 g / mol, 40 g / mol, 50 g / mol, 60 g / mol, 70 g / mol, 80 g / mol, or 90 g / mol, and the upper limit may be about 300 g / mol, 280 g / mol, 260 g / mol, 240 g / mol, 220 g / mol, 200 g / mol, 180 g / mol, 160 g / mol, 140 g / mol, 120 g / mol, 100 g / mol, 90 g / mol, 80 g / mol, or 70 g / mol. The molar mass may be greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits.

[0086] The type of the alcohol is not particularly limited, and for example, polyhydric alcohols such as ethylene glycol or glycerin can be used.

[0087] The ionic compound that can be used as the freezing point regulator is, for example, one or more salts selected from the group consisting of formates, acetates, carbonates, and sulfates. Specifically, one or more salts can be used from sodium acetate (CHCOONa), sodium formate (HCOONa), potassium acetate (CHCOOK), potassium formate (HCOOK), calcium formate ((HCOO)Ca), magnesium formate ((HCOO)Mg), potassium carbonate (KCO), and / or ammonium sulfate ((NH)SO).

[0088] The freezing point modifier may be present so that the concentration calculated based on the vaporizable substance falls within a predetermined range. The concentration is a molar concentration, specifically, the number of moles of the freezing point modifier present per 1 kg of the vaporizable substance present in the composition. In one example, the lower limit of the molar concentration may be 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, or 16, and the upper limit may be about 50, 48, 46, 44, 42, 40, 38, 36, 34, 32, 30, 28, 26, 24, 22, 20, 15, 11, 9, 7, 5, or 3. The molar concentration may be greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits. The molar concentration is calculated by the ΔT in Equation 1. f can be adjusted taking into account the following:

[0089] It is appropriate to use a freezing point modifier that has a flammability rating of 0 or 1 according to the NFPA (National Fire Protection Association) 704 standard and / or a health hazard rating of 0, 1, or 2 according to the NFPA (National Fire Protection Association) 704 standard. There are a variety of known freezing point modifiers that can induce freezing point depression, but most are flammable and / or toxic. Therefore, if it is necessary to achieve the desired NFPA rating, the NFPA rating must also be taken into consideration when selecting a freezing point modifier.

[0090] The freezing point regulator should have a certain level of solubility in the vaporizable substance. Selection of a freezing point regulator with appropriate solubility allows for greater freedom in the amount of the freezing point regulator added, allowing for selection of an amount that can ensure the desired freezing point while not impairing or improving the fire extinguishing function.

[0091] For example, the lower limit of the solubility of the freezing point modifier in 100 g of the vaporizable substance or water at 0° C. may be about 20 g, 25 g, 30 g, 35 g, 40 g, 45 g, 50 g, 55 g, 60 g, 65 g, 70 g, 75 g, 80 g, 85 g, 90 g, 95 g, 100 g, 110 g, 115 g, 120 g, 125 g, 130 g, 135 g, 140 g, 145 g, 150 g, 155 g, 160 g, 165 g, 170 g, 175 g, 180 g, 185 g, 190 g, 195 g, 200 g, 205 g, 210 g, or 215 g, and the upper limit may be about 1000 g, 900 g, 800 g, 950 g, 1000 g, 1100 g, 1150 g, 1200 g, 125 g, 130 g, 135 g, 140 g, 145 g, 150 g, 155 g, 160 g, 165 g, 170 g, 175 g, 180 g, 185 g, 190 g, 195 g, 200 g, 205 g, 210 g, or 215 g. The weight may be about 00g, 700g, 600g, 500g, 400g, 300g, 250g, 245g, 240g, 235g, 230g, 225g, 220g, 215g, 210g, 205g, 200g, 195g, 190g, 185g, 180g, 175g, 170g, 165g, 160g, 155g, 150g, 145g, 140g, 135g, 130g, 125g, 120g, 115g, 110g, 105g, 100g, 95g, 90g, 85g, 80g, 75g, 70g, 65g, 60g, 55g, 50g, 45g, 40g, 35g or 30g. The solubility may be greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits mentioned above; or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits mentioned above and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits mentioned above. The solubility is the weight (g) of the freezing point modifier that can be dissolved at most in 100 g of vaporizable substance or water at 0°C. Such solubility may be evaluated using the method described in "10. Evaluation of Solubility."

[0092] The lower limit of the solubility of the freezing point regulator in 100 g of the vaporizable substance or water at 25° C. is 70 g, 75 g, 80 g, 85 g, 90 g, 95 g, 100 g, 110 g, 115 g, 120 g, 125 g, 130 g, 135 g, 140 g, 145 g, 150 g, 155 g, 160 g, 165 g, 170 g, 175 g, 176 g, 177 g, 178 g, 179 g, 180 g, 181 g, 182 g, 183 g, 184 g, 185 g, 186 g, 187 g, 188 g, 189 g, 190 g, 191 g, 192 g, 193 g, 194 g, 195 g, 196 g, 197 g, 198 g, 19 ...5 g, 196 g, 197 g, 198 g, 199 g, 199 g, 190 g, 191 g, 192 g, 193 g, 194 g, 195 g, 196 g, 197 g, 198 g, 199 g, 199 g, 199 g, 190 g, 190 g, 191 g, 0g, 175g, 180g, 185g, 190g, 195g, 200g, 205g, 210g, 215g, 225g, 230g, 235g, 24 0g, 255g, 260g, 265g, 270g, 275g, 280g, 285g, 290g, 295g, 300g, 305g, 310g, 315 The upper limit can be about 1000g, 900g, 800g, 700g, 600g, 500g, 400g, 350g, 345g, 340g, 335g, 330g, 325g, 320g, 315g, 310g, 305g, 300g, 295g, 290g, 280g, 275g, 270g, 265g, 260g, 255g The solubility may be on the order of 100 g, 250 g, 245 g, 240 g, 235 g, 230 g, 225 g, 220 g, 215 g, 210 g, 205 g, 200 g, 195 g, 190 g, 185 g, 180 g, 175 g, 170 g, 165 g, 160 g, 155 g, 150 g, 145 g, 140 g, 135 g, 130 g, 125 g, 120 g, 115 g, 110 g, 105 g, or 100 g. The solubility may be greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits listed above; or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits listed above and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits listed above. The solubility is the weight (g) of the freezing point modifier that can be dissolved at most in 100 g of vaporizable material or water at 25° C. Such solubility can be evaluated by the method described in "10. Evaluation of Solubility."

[0093] The freezing point modifier may be a component having a molar weight within a predetermined range. When the molar mass of the freezing point modifier is maintained at an appropriate level, the functions of other components of the composition (e.g., fire extinguishing function) can be maintained or improved. For example, the lower limit of the molar mass of the freezing point modifier may be about 10 g / mol, 15 g / mol, 20 g / mol, 25 g / mol, 30 g / mol, 35 g / mol, 40 g / mol, 45 g / mol, 50 g / mol, 55 g / mol, 60 g / mol, 65 g / mol, 70 g / mol, 75 g / mol, 80 g / mol, 85 g / mol, 90 g / mol, or 95 g / mol, and the upper limit may be about 300 g / mol. mol, 250 g / mol, 200 g / mol, 150 g / mol, 145 g / mol, 140 g / mol, 135 g / mol, 130 g / mol, 125 g / mol, 120 g / mol, 115 g / mol, 110 g / mol, 105 g / mol, 100 g / mol, 95 g / mol, 90 g / mol, 85 g / mol, 80 g / mol, 75 g / mol, 70 g / mol, or 65 g / mol. The molar mass may be greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits mentioned above and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits mentioned above.

[0094] In order for a freezing point modifier to meet the flammability and health hazard ratings of NFPA 704, components that do not contain certain functional groups may be used. For example, the freezing point modifier may be a component that does not contain hydroxyl groups and / or chlorine, or a component that does not generate or produce sulfur dioxide gas, ammonia, or ethylene oxide. Freezing point modifiers that contain such components or functional groups may not meet the flammability rating (red item) and health hazard rating (blue item) of the NFPA 704 standard.

[0095] Examples of such freezing point regulators include ionic compounds of the above-mentioned types, such as one or more selected from the group consisting of formates, acetates, carbonates, and sulfates. The specific content of the freezing point regulator is determined by the ΔT f For example, the weight ratio of the freezing point modifier to 100 parts by weight of the vaporizable substance may be about 1 part by weight, 5 parts by weight, 10 parts by weight, 15 parts by weight, 20 parts by weight, 25 parts by weight, 30 parts by weight, 35 parts by weight, 40 parts by weight, 45 parts by weight, 50 parts by weight, 55 parts by weight, 60 parts by weight, or 65 parts by weight, and the upper limit may be about 200 parts by weight, 180 parts by weight, 160 parts by weight, 140 parts by weight, 120 parts by weight, 100 parts by weight, 90 parts by weight, 85 parts by weight, 80 parts by weight, 75 parts by weight, 70 parts by weight, 65 parts by weight, 60 parts by weight, 55 parts by weight, 50 parts by weight, 45 parts by weight, or 40 parts by weight. The ratio may be greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits.

[0096] Furthermore, when an ionic compound (e.g., an ionic compound as a carbonization catalyst) other than the freezing point regulator is present in the composition or the enclosed space, all of the freezing point regulators and the other ionic compounds present in the composition or the enclosed space are in a range of ΔT f In this case, △T f The specific method for calculating ΔT is the same as that for the freezing point modifier. When two or more types of freezing point modifiers and ionic compounds are present in the composition or the enclosed space, the ΔT is calculated for each compound. f The sum of these values ​​is the △T f value.

[0097] ΔT of Equation 1 for all freezing point modifiers and other ionic compounds present in the composition or enclosed space fThe lower limit of the sum of the values ​​of ΔT may be, for example, about 3, 5, 10, 15, or 20, and the upper limit may be about 50, 45, 40, 35, 30, 25, 20, 15, or 10. f may be greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits mentioned above; or less than or equal to any one of the upper limits mentioned above; or may be greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits mentioned above and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits mentioned above. f The unit is ° C. By adjusting the contents of the freezing point regulator and the ionic compound within the above ranges, the evaporation rate of the vaporizable substance can be appropriately controlled, and the desired properties can be exhibited.

[0098] The composition or the enclosed space of the fire extinguishing device may contain, as an additional component, for example, a fire extinguishing agent, if necessary, to ensure proper fire extinguishing function. When a fire extinguishing agent is contained, the fire extinguishing agent can act to promote the carbonization of the carbonizable organic substance described below and / or promote the gas generation of the gas-generating substance described below.

[0099] Because the fire-extinguishing agent acts to accelerate the carbonization of the carbonizable organic matter, the fire-extinguishing agent may also be called a carbonization catalyst.

[0100] It is appropriate to use such a fire extinguishing agent that has a certain level of solubility in the vaporizable substance (e.g., a vaporizable substance such as water) or higher. By adjusting the solubility, aggregation or phase separation can be prevented within the composition, and the carbonization and gas generation effects can be more effectively achieved.

[0101] For example, the lower limit of the solubility of the fire extinguishing agent may be about 5 g, 10 g, 15 g, 20 g, 25 g, 30 g, 35 g, or 40 g, and the upper limit may be about 1000 g, 900 g, 800 g, 700 g, 600 g, 500 g, 400 g, 300 g, 200 g, 100 g, 90 g, 80 g, 70 g, 60 g, 50 g, 40 g, or 30 g. The solubility may be greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits; or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits. The solubility is the maximum weight (g) of the fire extinguishing agent that can be dissolved in 100 g of water at 25°C, and can be measured using the method described in "10. Evaluation of Solubility."

[0102] The extinguishing agent may be appropriately selected from those having the above solubility, and examples thereof include phosphoric acid, phosphate salts, phosphonate compounds, and phosphate compounds. The extinguishing agent may be, for example, ammonium monophosphate or diphosphate, urea phosphate, guanylurea phosphate, or ammonium polyphosphate, and one or more of the above may be selected and used.

[0103] The extinguishing agent may be present in the composition in an appropriate amount taking into account the intended effect. For example, the weight ratio of the extinguishing agent relative to 100 parts by weight of the vaporizable substance may be about 1 part by weight, 5 parts by weight, 10 parts by weight, 15 parts by weight, or 20 parts by weight, and the upper limit may be about 100 parts by weight, 95 parts by weight, 90 parts by weight, 85 parts by weight, 80 parts by weight, 75 parts by weight, 70 parts by weight, 65 parts by weight, 60 parts by weight, 55 parts by weight, 50 parts by weight, 45 parts by weight, 40 parts by weight, 35 parts by weight, 30 parts by weight, 25 parts by weight, 20 parts by weight, or 15 parts by weight. The ratio may be less than or equal to any one of the upper limits; or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits; or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits.

[0104] The composition or the enclosed space of the fire extinguishing device may contain a carbonizable organic substance as a further component.

[0105] The carbonizable organic material is an organic material that carbonizes to form a char when exposed to flame or heat at a predetermined temperature. The char formed by such an organic material is often porous, thereby providing thermal insulation. Therefore, when the composition or fire extinguishing device is exposed to heat generation, fire, or explosion, the organic material forms an appropriate char and exhibits thermal insulation. For example, when the composition or fire extinguishing device is used together with the gas-generating material, a porous char can be more effectively formed through the action of gas generated by the gas-generating material during the char formation process of the organic material when exposed to heat generation, fire, or explosion.

[0106] The carbonization of the carbonizable organic material can be induced or accelerated by the fire extinguishing agent, which is decomposed at high temperatures to produce acids, salts, or ionic components, and these acids, salts, or ionic components can accelerate the carbonization of the carbonizable organic material through catalytic action.

[0107] The carbonizable organic material is not particularly limited and any suitable material may be used as long as it forms a char when exposed to heat or flame.

[0108] Examples of such organic substances include sugars such as sorbitol and mannitol, polysaccharides such as starch or dextrins (e.g., maleated cyclodextrin (MC) and metal salts of MC), polyhydric alcohols such as pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, tripentaerythritol, and tris(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate (THEIC), cellulose, bi(4-methoxy-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]-octan-1-sulfide)phenylphosphate (BSPPO), lignin (alkali lignin, urea modified lignin, etc.), and methylol melamine. Examples of the carbonizing agent include, but are not limited to, melamine compounds such as melamine, phenol-formaldehyde resins and / or char-forming polymers such as PA6T (Poly-hexa methylene terephthalamide).

[0109] A typical example of the carbonizable organic material is starch, which is relatively easy to obtain and can form a suitable char when exposed to heat or flame.

[0110] The type of starch may be adjusted to efficiently form the char and to ensure that the char effectively exhibits the desired fire extinguishing or heat insulating effects.

[0111] For example, the starch may contain amylose and amylopectin, with the ratio adjusted to an appropriate level. As is known, amylopectin and amylose are types of polysaccharides found primarily in plants, and among polysaccharides, starch is composed of amylose and amylovectin. Amylose is composed of glucose molecules linked by α(1→4) glycosidic bonds and has a linear chain structure, whereas amylovectin has relatively short, highly branched chains. Amylose crystallizes more easily than amylovectin, and amylovectin has relatively high solubility in water compared to amylose.

[0112] The desired composition can be provided more efficiently by using starch in which amylose and amylovectin having the above properties are present in an appropriate ratio.

[0113] For example, in the starch containing amylose and amylovectin, the lower limit of the weight ratio of the amylovectin to 100 parts by weight of the amylose may be about 150 parts by weight, 200 parts by weight, 250 parts by weight, or 300 parts by weight, and the upper limit may be about 900 parts by weight, 850 parts by weight, 800 parts by weight, 750 parts by weight, 700 parts by weight, 650 parts by weight, 600 parts by weight, 550 parts by weight, 500 parts by weight, 450 parts by weight, 400 parts by weight, 350 parts by weight, or 300 parts by weight. The ratio may be less than or equal to any one of the upper limits; or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits; or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits. The ratio of amylose to amylovectin can be measured by the method described in "8. Measurement of amylovectin and amylose contents" in the Examples section of this specification.

[0114] The starch may have a molecular weight, for example, a weight-average molecular weight (Mw), within a predetermined range. For example, the lower limit of the weight-average molecular weight of the starch may be 200,000 g / mol, 250,000 g / mol, 300,000 g / mol, 350,000 g / mol, 400,000 g / mol, 450,000 g / mol, 500,000 g / mol, 550,000 g / mol, 600,000 g / mol, 650,000 g / mol, 700,000 g / mol, 750,000 g / mol, 800,000 g / mol, 850,000 g / mol, 900,000 g / mol, 100,000 g / mol, 110,000 g / mol, 120,000 g / mol, 130,000 g / mol, 140,000 g / mol, 150,000 g / mol, 160,000 g / mol, 170,000 g / mol, 180,000 g / mol, 190,000 g / mol, 210,000 g / mol, 220,000 g / mol, 230,000 g / mol, 240,000 g / mol, 250,000 g / mol, 260,000 g / mol, 270,000 g / mol, 280,000 g / mol, 290,000 g / mol, 300,000 g / mol, 310,000 g / mol, 320,000 g / mol, 330,000 g / mol, 340,00 00g / mol, 950,000g / mol, 1,000,000g / mol, 1,500,000g / mol, 2,000,000g / mol, 2,500,000g / mol, 3,000,000g / mol, 3,500,000 g / mol, 4,000,000g / mol, 4,500,000g / mol, 5,000,000g / mol, 5,500,000g / mol, 6,000,000g / mol, 6,500,000g / mol, 7,000,000g / mol, 7,500,000 g / mol, 8,000,000 g / mol, 8,500,000 g / mol, 9,000,000 g / mol, 9,500,000 g / mol, 10,000,000 g / mol, 20,000,000 g / mol, 30,000,000 g / mol, 40,000,000 g / mol or 50,000,000 g / mol, with upper limits of 1,000,000,000 / mol, 900,000,000 / mol, 80 It can be on the order of 0,000,000 / mol, 700,000,000 / mol, 600,000,000 / mol, 500,000,000 / mol, 400,000,000 / mol, 300,000,000 / mol, 200,000,000 / mol, 150,000,000 / mol, 100,000,000 / mol, 90,000,000 / mol, 80,000,000 / mol, 70,000,000 / mol or 60,000,000 / mol.The molecular weight may be less than or equal to any one of the upper limits mentioned above; or may be greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits mentioned above; or may be greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits mentioned above. Starch having the above molecular weight (Mw) can more effectively form a carbonized product having a desired function (e.g., thermal insulation) when exposed to heat or flame. Such a molecular weight can be measured by the method described in "7. Measurement of Molecular Weight" in the Examples section of this specification.

[0115] When included, the weight ratio of the carbonizable organic material relative to 100 parts by weight of the vaporizable material may be about 0.01 parts by weight, 0.5 parts by weight, 1 part by weight, 2 parts by weight, 3 parts by weight, 4 parts by weight, 5 parts by weight, 6 parts by weight, 7 parts by weight, 8 parts by weight, 9 parts by weight, 9.5 parts by weight, or 10 parts by weight, and the upper limit may be about 50 parts by weight, 45 parts by weight, 40 parts by weight, 35 parts by weight, 30 parts by weight, 29 parts by weight, 28 parts by weight, 27 parts by weight, 26 parts by weight, 25 parts by weight, 24 parts by weight, 23 parts by weight, 22 parts by weight, 21 parts by weight, 20 parts by weight, 19 parts by weight, 18 parts by weight, 17 parts by weight, 16 parts by weight, 15 parts by weight, 14 parts by weight, 13 parts by weight, 12 parts by weight, 11 parts by weight, 10 parts by weight, 9 parts by weight, 8 parts by weight, 7 parts by weight, 6 parts by weight, or 5 parts by weight. The ratio may be less than or equal to any one of the upper limits mentioned above; or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits mentioned above; or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits mentioned above and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits mentioned above. The carbonizable organic material contained in such a ratio can effectively form a carbonized product when needed within the composition, and the composition can have excellent overall handleability and storage stability.

[0116] The composition or the enclosed space of the fire extinguishing device may also contain a gas-generating substance as an additional component. The gas-generating substance that may be contained in the composition is a substance that generates gas when exposed to heat or flame. The generated gas can directly extinguish the heat or flame, or can make the carbonized material more porous during the carbonization process of the carbonizable organic material.

[0117] The action of such gas generating substances can be induced or accelerated by the extinguishing agent described above, i.e., the extinguishing agent decomposes at high temperatures to produce acids, salts, or ionic components, which can accelerate the gas generation of the gas generating substance.

[0118] The type of gas generated by the gas generating substance is not particularly limited as long as it is a non-flammable gas, and may be, for example, nitrogen gas, carbon dioxide and / or water vapor.

[0119] There are various known gas generating substances. For example, examples of nitrogen generating substances include melamine, guanidine, urea, melamine pyrophosphate, dicyandiamide, guanylurea phosphate, and glycine. Examples of carbon dioxide generating substances include potassium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, calcium bicarbonate, and magnesium bicarbonate. Examples of water vapor generating substances include calcium hydroxide, magnesium dihydroxide, and aluminum trihydroxide. However, the substances applicable to the present application are not limited thereto.

[0120] As the gas generating substance, one or a mixture of two or more selected from the above-mentioned types can be used.

[0121] To achieve a suitable effect, a substance that generates nitrogen gas may be used as the gas-generating substance, such as melamine, guanidine, urea, melamine pyrophosphate, and / or guanylurea phosphate, etc. Such substances are advantageous in that they more effectively exert a foaming effect on the carbonized material during the carbonization process of the carbonizable organic material, thereby effectively forming the desired porous carbonized material.

[0122] When included, the weight ratio of the gas-generating substance relative to 100 parts by weight of the vaporizable substance may be approximately 0.01 parts by weight, 0.5 parts by weight, 1 part by weight, 2 parts by weight, 3 parts by weight, 4 parts by weight, 5 parts by weight, 6 parts by weight, 7 parts by weight, 8 parts by weight, 9 parts by weight, 9.5 parts by weight, 10 parts by weight, 11 parts by weight, 12 parts by weight, 15 parts by weight, 20 parts by weight, 25 parts by weight, 30 parts by weight, 35 parts by weight, or 40 parts by weight, and the upper weight ratio may be approximately 100 parts by weight, 95 parts by weight, 90 parts by weight, 85 parts by weight, 80 parts by weight, 75 parts by weight, 70 parts by weight, 65 parts by weight, 60 parts by weight, 55 parts by weight, 50 parts by weight, 45 parts by weight, 40 parts by weight, 35 parts by weight, 30 parts by weight, 25 parts by weight, 20 parts by weight, 15 parts by weight, 10 parts by weight, 8 parts by weight, or 7 parts by weight. The ratio may be less than or equal to any one of the upper limits mentioned above; or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits mentioned above; or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits mentioned above and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits mentioned above. The gas-generating material contained in such a ratio exhibits effective suppression against heat and flames and the effect of forming a porous charcoal when needed, and the composition as a whole may have excellent handling properties and storage stability.

[0123] The composition may also include a water-absorbing polymer as a further component.

[0124] A water-absorbing polymer is a polymer that can absorb water. In one example, the water-absorbing polymer may be a so-called hydrogel polymer or hydrogel, which is generally defined as a crosslinked hydrophilic polymer. Such polymers are also known as SAPs (Super Absorbent Polymers).

[0125] The water-absorbing polymer is a material capable of absorbing tens to thousands of times its own weight in water, and such a material allows the composition to exist entirely in a gel state, thereby ensuring ease of handling and storage stability.

[0126] There is no particular limitation on the type of the water-absorbing polymer, and any polymer that can be generally applied to SAP can be used without limitation.

[0127] Typically, the material is a polyacrylate vinyl polymer, which is a polymer made from an acrylate monomer, and if necessary, other comonomers may be further used to form the polymer.

[0128] The absorption properties of the water-absorbing polymer can be adjusted so that it can exhibit tailored properties.

[0129] For example, the lower limit of the centrifugation retention capacity (CRC) of the water-absorbing polymer according to EDANA (European Disposables and Nonwovens Association) method WSP 241.3 may be about 12 g / g, 13 g / g, 14 g / g, 15 g / g, 16 g / g, 17 g / g, 18 g / g, 19 g / g, 20 g / g, 21 g / g, 22 g / g, 23 g / g, 24 g / g, 25 g / g, 26 g / g, 27 g / g, 28 g / g, 29 g / g, 30 g / g, 31 g / g, 32 g / g, or 33 g / g, and the upper limit may be about 60 g / g, 55 g / g, 50 g / g, 45 g / g, 40 g / g, or 35 g / g. The retention capacity (CRC) may be less than or equal to any one of the upper limits mentioned above; or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits mentioned above; or greater than or equal to or equal to any one of the lower limits mentioned above and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits mentioned above. The retention capacity (CRC) may be evaluated using the method described in "5. CRC (Centrifuge Retention Capacity)" in the Examples section of this specification.

[0130] For example, the lower limit of the absorbent capacity under pressure (AUP) of the water-absorbing polymer at 0.3 psi according to EDANA (European Disposables and Nonwovens Association) method WSP 242.3 may be about 4 g / g, 6 g / g, 8 g / g, 10 g / g, 12 g / g, 14 g / g, 16 g / g, 18 g / g, 20 g / g, 22 g / g, 24 g / g, 26 g / g, 27 g / g, or 28 g / g, and the upper limit may be about 40 g / g, 38 g / g, 36 g / g, 34 g / g, 32 g / g, or 30 g / g. The absorbent capacity (AUP) can be in a range below or equal to any one of the upper limits mentioned above; or above or equal to or above any one of the lower limits mentioned above; or above or equal to or above any one of the lower limits mentioned above and below or equal to any one of the upper limits mentioned above.

[0131] The absorption capacity (AUP) can be evaluated by the method described in "6. AUP (Absorption Under Pressure)" in the Examples section of this specification.

[0132] The water-absorbing polymer having the above-mentioned absorption capacity can exhibit the desired properties in combination with other components of the composition.

[0133] In one example, the water-absorbing polymer may be a particulate polymer, and in this case, the lower limit of the average particle size of the water-absorbing polymer may be about 10 μm, 50 μm, 100 μm, or 140 μm, and the upper limit may be about 1000 μm, 950 μm, 900 μm, 850 μm, 800 μm, 750 μm, 700 μm, 650 μm, 600 μm, 550 μm, 500 μm, 450 μm, 400 μm, 350 μm, 300 μm, 250 μm, or 200 μm. The average particle size may be within a range of less than or equal to any one of the upper limits; or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits; or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits. Such average particle size can be measured by the method specified in NWSP 210.0.R2(15).

[0134] When included, the lower limit of the weight ratio of the water-absorbing polymer to 100 parts by weight of the volatile material may be about 0.01 parts by weight, 0.5 parts by weight, 1 part by weight, 2 parts by weight, 3 parts by weight, 4 parts by weight, 5 parts by weight, 6 parts by weight, 7 parts by weight, 8 parts by weight, or 9 parts by weight, and the upper limit is 50 parts by weight, 45 parts by weight, 40 parts by weight, 35 parts by weight, 30 parts by weight, 29 parts by weight, 28 parts by weight, 27 parts by weight, 26 parts by weight, 25 parts by weight, 24 parts by weight, 23 parts by weight, 22 parts by weight, 21 parts by weight, 20 parts by weight, 19 parts by weight, 18 parts by weight, 17 parts by weight, 16 parts by weight, 15 parts by weight, 14 parts by weight, 13 parts by weight, 12 parts by weight, 11 parts by weight, 10 parts by weight, 9 parts by weight, 8 parts by weight, 7 parts by weight, 6 parts by weight, 5 parts by weight, 4 parts by weight, 3 parts by weight, or 2 parts by weight. The ratio may be less than or equal to any one of the upper limits mentioned above; or greater than or equal to or above any one of the lower limits mentioned above; or greater than or equal to or above any one of the lower limits mentioned above and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits mentioned above.

[0135] The composition comprises the above ingredients and may optionally comprise further ingredients.

[0136] For example, the composition may further comprise a buffer.

[0137] 2 and 3, heat may be applied to the fire extinguisher in an abnormal state, and further, instantaneous high pressure may be applied. For example, in the structure shown in FIG. 1, if the battery cells 12, 13, 14, and 15 adjacent to the fire extinguisher 100 explode or expand rapidly, high pressure is applied to the fire extinguisher 100. If the fire extinguisher 100 contracts instantaneously due to the applied pressure, vaporizable substances present inside may be discharged to the outside before vaporizing, but such discharge may reduce the efficiency of the fire extinguishing action.

[0138] As described above, the buffer body can act as a buffer against pressure that is momentarily applied, thereby allowing the vaporizable substance inside to be vaporized sufficiently.

[0139] In addition, the buffer may also function as a carrier for the vaporizable material, i.e., when the buffer is porous or in the form of a woven fabric, nonwoven fabric, or felt, as described below, the buffer may exhibit the ability to absorb or carry the vaporizable material.

[0140] The type of buffer is not particularly limited as long as it can perform the above function, and for example, a buffer having an appropriate density and / or thermal decomposition temperature can be used.

[0141] For example, the upper limit of the density of the buffer may be about 1.5, 1.3, 1.1, 0.9, 0.7, 0.5, 0.3, 0.1, 0.08, 0.06, or 0.04, and the lower limit may be about 0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, or 0.15. The density may be less than or equal to any one of the upper limits; or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits; or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits. The density is expressed in units of g / cm. 3 is.

[0142] For example, the upper limit of the thermal decomposition temperature of the buffer may be about 2,000°C, 1,800°C, 1,600°C, 1,400°C, 1,200°C, 1,000°C, 900°C, 800°C, 600°C, 500°C, or 400°C, and the lower limit may be about 150°C, 200°C, 250°C, 300°C, 350°C, 400°C, 450°C, 500°C, 550°C, 600°C, 650°C, 700°C, 750°C, or 800°C. The thermal decomposition temperature may be equal to or less than any one of the upper limits; or equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits; or equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits and equal to or less than any one of the upper limits. The method for measuring the thermal decomposition temperature is described in "11. Thermal decomposition temperature" in the Examples section of the specification.

[0143] The buffer may be made of any known material without particular limitation, as long as it has the density and / or thermal decomposition temperature described above. For example, the buffer may be made of glass fiber, ceramic fiber, and / or mineral fiber, which are known as insulating materials. Such inorganic fibers may be in the form of a woven or nonwoven fabric, such as a porous film, porous sheet, porous foil, wool, or felt. In addition, the buffer may be, for example, inorganic foam such as various metal foams, glass wool, mineral wool, woven fabric, nonwoven fabric, or felt made of glass fiber or mineral fiber, or foam, woven fabric, nonwoven fabric, or felt made of a carbonizable organic material, which will be described later.

[0144] The buffer may be one or a combination of two or more selected from the above-mentioned various types.

[0145] The size of the buffer is determined by the size of the sealed space and is not particularly limited. For example, when the buffer is in the form of a porous film, porous sheet, porous foil, wool, woven fabric, nonwoven fabric, or felt, the lower limit of the thickness of the buffer may be about 0.1 mm, 0.5 mm, 1 mm, 1.5 mm, 2 mm, or 2.5 mm, and the upper limit may be about 20 mm, 15 mm, 10 mm, 9 mm, 8 mm, 7 mm, 6 mm, 5 mm, 4 mm, or 3 mm. The thickness may be less than or equal to any one of the upper limits; greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits; or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits.

[0146] The composition can exhibit unique physical properties through the combination of the above-mentioned components.

[0147] For example, the composition may exhibit a generally controlled freezing point. For example, the lower limit of the freezing point of the composition may be about -50°C, -45°C, -40°C, -35°C, -30°C, -25°C, -20°C, -15°C, or -10°C, and the upper limit may be about 10°C, 8°C, 6°C, 4°C, 2°C, 0°C, -5°C, -10°C, -15°C, -20°C, -25°C, -30°C, -35°C, or -40°C. The freezing point may be less than or equal to any one of the upper limits; or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits; or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits.

[0148] The composition may have a controlled viscosity and / or thixotropic index.

[0149] For example, the lower limit of the viscosity of the composition is about 30,000 cP, 40,000 cP, 50,000 cP, 60,000 cP, 70,000 cP, 80,000 cP, 90,000 cP, 100,000 cP, 110,000 cP, 120,000 cP, 130,000 cP, 140,000 cP, 150,000 cP, or 155,000 cP. The upper limit may be about 600,000 cP, 550,000 cP, 500,000 cP, 450,000 cP, 400,000 cP, 350,000 cP, 300,000 cP, 250,000 cP, 200,000 cP, 150,000 cP, 100,000 cP, 90,000 cP, 80,000 cP, or 70,000 cP. The viscosity may be less than or equal to any one of the upper limits; or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits; or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits. These viscosities are measured at room temperature (about 25°C) and a rotational speed of 0.5 rpm.

[0150] For example, the lower limit of the thixotropic index of the composition may be about 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, or 10.5, and the upper limit may be about 20, 18, 16, 14, 12, 10, 8, or 6. The thixotropic index may be less than or equal to any one of the upper limits mentioned above; or greater than or equal to or exceeding any one of the lower limits mentioned above; or greater than or equal to or exceeding any one of the lower limits and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits mentioned above. The thixotropic index is a value obtained by dividing the viscosity measured at room temperature (about 25° C.) and a rotational speed of 0.5 rpm by the viscosity measured at room temperature (about 25° C.) and a rotational speed of 5 rpm.

[0151] A composition having the above viscosity and / or thixotropic index can exhibit excellent handling properties and storage stability.

[0152] The composition may exhibit a predetermined latent heat characteristic. Latent heat is generally defined as the amount of heat required for a substance to undergo a phase transition without a temperature change. However, when the composition exhibits latent heat, it does not necessarily have to undergo a phase transition entirely. The latent heat may be generated during the phase transition of at least a portion of the composition or of a component contained in the composition.

[0153] The expression "a composition exhibits latent heat" means that the composition exhibits an endothermic peak within a predetermined temperature range in a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) analysis. The method for conducting the DSC is described in "4. Measurement of Latent Heat" in the Examples section. The process by which the composition exhibits the latent heat may be an isothermal process or a similar process. Therefore, the composition can be applied to a heat-generating product to control the heat while maintaining a uniform temperature of the product, thereby minimizing or preventing the impact of abnormal heat generation, explosion, and / or fire from one product on other adjacent products.

[0154] The lower limit of the latent heat exhibited by the composition may be, for example, about 500 J / g, 550 J / g, 600 J / g, 650 J / g, 700 J / g, 750 J / g, 800 J / g, 850 J / g, 900 J / g, 950 J / g, 1000 J / g, 1100 J / g, 1200 J / g, or 1300 J / g, and the upper limit may be about 3000 J / g, 2800 J / g, 2600 J / g, 2400 J / g, 2200 J / g, 2000 J / g, 1800 J / g, 1600 J / g, 1400 J / g, 1200 J / g, 1000 J / g, or 900 J / g. The latent heat can be less than or equal to any one of the upper limits mentioned above; or greater than or equal to or above any one of the lower limits mentioned above; or greater than or equal to or above any one of the lower limits mentioned above and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits mentioned above.

[0155] The lower limit of the on-set temperature range at which the composition begins to exhibit the latent heat may be, for example, about 50°C, 55°C, 60°C, 65°C, 70°C, 75°C, 80°C, 85°C, 90°C, or 95°C, and the upper limit may be about 200°C, 180°C, 160°C, 140°C, 120°C, 100°C, 90°C, or 80°C. The on-set temperature may be less than or equal to any one of the upper limits; or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits; or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits. The on-set temperature refers to the temperature at the left on-set point of the endothermic peak section in the DSC analysis.

[0156] The lower limit of the temperature range showing the latent heat of the composition may be, for example, about 50°C, 55°C, 60°C, 65°C, 70°C, 75°C, 80°C, 85°C, 90°C, 95°C, 100°C, 110°C, 120°C, 130°C, 140°C, 150°C, 160°C, 170°C, or 180°C, and the upper limit may be about 300°C, 280°C, 260°C, 240°C, 220°C, 200°C, 180°C, or 160°C. The temperature range may be within a range equal to or less than any one of the upper limits mentioned above; or within a range equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits mentioned above; or within a range equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits and equal to or less than any one of the upper limits mentioned above. The temperature range is a value obtained by subtracting the temperature at the left on-set point from the temperature at the right on-set point of the endothermic peak section of the DSC analysis.

[0157] These properties allow the composition to be used in a variety of applications and to effectively counter heat generation, fire, and / or explosions that may occur in each application.

[0158] The above-described freezing point, viscosity, thixotropy index, and latent heat properties of the composition can be ensured by combining the components of each composition.

[0159] The composition may further contain various known additives as long as the above-mentioned properties are not impaired.

[0160] For example, the above-mentioned vaporizable substance or composition can be loaded into the sealed space inside the above-mentioned case to manufacture the above-mentioned fire extinguishing device.

[0161] The present specification also discloses an electronic equipment or device to which the fire extinguishing device is applied.

[0162] The type of electronic equipment or device is not particularly limited. For example, the composition or fire extinguishing device may be applied to equipment or devices that are at risk of abnormal heat generation, fire, and / or explosion during operation, maintenance, and / or storage, and that must be controlled to prevent such abnormal phenomena.

[0163] A typical example of such equipment or devices is a battery. In particular, in a battery module configured using multiple battery cells, it is important to prevent abnormal heat generation, fire, and / or explosion occurring in one battery cell from spreading to other adjacent battery cells.

[0164] Therefore, the present specification discloses a battery module or a battery pack including the fire extinguishing device.

[0165] Such a battery module or the like may basically include a plurality of battery cells; and the fire extinguishing device disposed between the battery cells. As long as the fire extinguishing device is applicable, the specific configuration of the battery module, etc., for example, the type of the battery cell, etc., is not particularly limited, and known materials may be applied. For example, known pouch-type, rectangular, or cylindrical battery cells may be applied as the battery cells. The manufacturing method of the battery module is not particularly limited, and for example, as described above, a method of manufacturing a fire extinguishing device in the form of a battery cell and then positioning the fire extinguishing device at a required position during the manufacturing process of the battery module may be used. [Effects of the Invention]

[0166] This specification discloses a composition, a fire extinguishing device, and uses thereof. The composition and fire extinguishing device are applied to products that may experience abnormal heat generation, ignition, and / or explosion during operation, storage, and / or maintenance, and can effectively respond to such heat generation, ignition, and explosion. The composition and fire extinguishing device are applied, for example, to an article containing multiple such products, and can respond to abnormal heat generation, explosion, and / or ignition occurring in any one of the products and prevent such heat generation, explosion, and / or ignition from spreading to other adjacent products. The composition and fire extinguishing device also have excellent handling and storage stability. This specification also discloses uses of the composition and fire extinguishing device. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0167] FIG. 1 is an exemplary cross-sectional view of a battery module to which a fire extinguishing device is applied. FIG. 2 is an illustrative diagram for explaining the operating principle of the fire extinguisher. FIG. 3 is an illustrative diagram for explaining the operating principle of the fire extinguisher. FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining a process for manufacturing a fire extinguisher in the embodiment. FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining a process for manufacturing a fire extinguisher in the embodiment. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an exemplary form of the case applied in the embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0168] The composition and the fire extinguisher will be described in detail below with reference to examples, but the scope of the composition and the fire extinguisher is not limited to the following examples.

[0169] 1.Convection test A fire extinguisher according to the example or comparative example was placed between two aluminum plates, and an insulating material was laminated on one of the two aluminum plates to produce a laminate consisting of the insulating material, aluminum plate, fire extinguisher, and aluminum plate. The aluminum plate was approximately 3 mm thick, and the insulating material was approximately 2 mm thick mineral wool (KCC, Thermal Insulation Plate No. 1). Both sides of the laminate were then fixed by pressing with a jig at a pressure of approximately 350 kPa. A temperature sensor (K-type thermocouple, Fluke IR thermometers model 566) was placed on the insulating material side of the laminate, and the temperature was measured with the temperature sensor while a flame was directed toward the aluminum plate on the opposite side. The flame was applied approximately 2 inches from the aluminum plate using two butane gas cans (220 g capacity, unused butane gas) and a torch. The temperature was measured with the temperature sensor while the flame was applied for approximately 5 minutes, and the evaluation was based on the following criteria.

[0170] <Evaluation criteria> PASS: If the temperature measured by the temperature sensor remains below 200°C NG: If the temperature sensor measures a temperature of 200°C or higher or if the aluminum plate is observed to melt

[0171] 2. Chain ignition test Prismatic batteries were arranged side by side with approximately 3mm spacing, and a fire extinguisher was placed between them. The prismatic batteries used were CATL products (120Ah, 3.2V, dimensions = thickness x width x width = 48 x 174 x 165mm), and were tested in a 100% charged state. In this arrangement, a battery fire was induced in one prismatic battery according to the SAE J2464:2009 standard, and the presence or absence of a chain reaction fire in other cells was confirmed. The battery fire was induced by penetrating the prismatic battery with a nail approximately 5mm in diameter at a speed of 25mm / sec (nail penetration method).

[0172] <Evaluation criteria> PASS: No fire occurs in any battery cells other than the one penetrated by the nail. NG: If a battery cell other than the one penetrated by the nail catches fire

[0173] 3. Evaluation of storage stability The fire extinguisher was stored in an oven at a temperature of about 35°C for 1,000 hours, and the weight change before and after storage in the oven was measured. If the weight change before and after storage was 1% or more, it was evaluated as NG, and if the weight change was less than 1% or there was no weight change, it was evaluated as PASS.

[0174] 4. Measurement of latent heat Approximately 3 to 5 mg of the composition of each example or comparative example was sampled and loaded into a measuring device. A DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimeter) (TA Instruments, Q200 model) was used as the measuring device. The temperature range for evaluating the latent heat was 25°C to 300°C. The endothermic peak was measured while the temperature was raised from 25°C to 300°C at a rate of approximately 20°C / min. The left onset and right onset points of the endothermic peak range were designated as the start and end of the phase transition, and the range was integrated to calculate the latent heat (unit: J / g).

[0175] 5.CRC(Centrifuge Retention Capacity) CRC was measured using EDANA WSP 241.3. Approximately 0.2 g (W0) of the water-absorbent polymer was placed in a nonwoven bag, sealed, and then immersed in physiological saline at room temperature. The physiological saline was a 0.9 wt% NaCl aqueous solution. This condition was maintained for approximately 30 minutes, and the bag was centrifuged at 250 g for 3 minutes to remove water, after which the mass of the bag (g, W2) was measured.

[0176] The same procedure was carried out on the same nonwoven bag that did not contain the water-absorbent polymer, and the mass (g, W1) was measured.

[0177] The measurement results were substituted into the following formula A to calculate CRC (g / g). The evaluation was carried out under constant temperature and humidity conditions (23±1° C., relative humidity: 50±10%). [Formula A] CRC(g / g)={[W2(g)-W1(g)] / W0(g)}-1 6.AUP(Absorption Under Pressure)

[0178] AUP was measured using EDANA method WSP 242.3. A 400-mesh stainless steel wire mesh was attached to the bottom of a plastic cylinder with an inner diameter of approximately 60 mm. Water-absorbent polymer 0.0 (W0) (0.90 g) was evenly spread on the wire mesh, and a piston capable of uniformly applying a load of 0.3 psi was then placed on top of it. The piston had an outer diameter slightly smaller than 60 mm and was placed so that there was no gap between it and the inner wall of the cylinder and it could move up and down. The weight of the apparatus (g, W3) was measured.

[0179] A glass filter with a diameter of 90 mm and a thickness of 5 mm was placed inside a 150 mm diameter petroleum dish, and physiological saline was added so that it was flush with the top surface of the glass filter. A 0.9 wt% NaCl aqueous solution was used as the physiological saline. A sheet of filter paper with a diameter of 90 mm was placed on top of the filter. The measurement device was mounted on the filter paper and allowed to absorb the physiological saline under a 0.3 psi load for 1 hour. The measurement device was then lifted and its weight (g, W4) was measured.

[0180] The obtained value was substituted into the following formula B to evaluate AUP (g / g).

[0181] The evaluation was carried out under constant temperature and humidity conditions (23±1° C., relative humidity: 50±10%). [Formula B] AUP(g / g) = [W4(g) - W3(g)] / W0(g)

[0182] 7. Molecular Weight Measurement The molecular weight of starch was evaluated by the following method. (1) Preparation of mobile phase Mobile phase A was prepared by filtering 1000 mL of a 150 mm aqueous solution of NaNO3 containing 0.02 wt% NaN3 using a solvent clarification system (Millipore Millisolve Kit, MilliporeSigma). (2) Preparation of sample solution 25 mg of the sample to be measured for molecular weight was taken and mixed with 5 mL of 150 mM NaNO3 aqueous solution containing 0.02 wt% NaN3, heated at 80°C for 20 hours, and then filtered through a 0.4 μm nylon syringe filter to prepare a sample solution. (3) GPC (Gel Permeation Chromatography) / MALS (Multi-Anglue Light Scattering Detection) conditions Using the sample solution and mobile phase A, the molecular weight was evaluated by the following method. Measuring instrument: Agilent GPC (Agilent 1200 series, US) Stationary phase: Shodex OH-Pak 804 column and Shodex OH-Pak 80 column connected Mobile phase: A; 0.02% NaN3, 150mm NaNO3 aqueous solution = 100 (v / v%) Flow rate: 0.4mL / min Stationary phase temperature: 25℃ Injection volume: 100μl (0.45μm filtered) Analysis time: 120 minutes

[0183] 8. Measurement of amylovectin and amylose content The amylovectin and amylose contents of starch were evaluated according to the method described in the paper (Potato Research 31 (1988) 241-246). First, approximately 5 mg of starch as a sample was dissolved in approximately 1 mL of sterile water to prepare a sample (Step 1), and the sample was heated at 95°C in a water bath for approximately 15 minutes (Step 2).

[0184] Next, about 20 μl of the sample was placed in a cuvette (step 3), and about 980 μl of iodine solution was added and mixed (step 4).

[0185] Next, the absorbance of the sample mixed with the iodine solution was measured at wavelengths of 525 nm and 700 nm and recorded (Step 5). The absorbance was measured using an OPTIZEN POP model manufactured by KLAB.

[0186] Approximately 20 μl of water was placed in another cuvette, and 980 μl of iodine solution was added and mixed (Step 6). The absorbance of the solution from Step 6 was measured at wavelengths of 525 nm and 700 nm in the same manner as in Step 5 and recorded (Step 7).

[0187] The absorbance obtained in step 7 was subtracted from the absorbance obtained in step 5 to determine the percentage of amylose using the following formula C (step 8).

number

[0188] In Equation C, PA is the percentage of amylose and OD 700 is the absorbance at 700 nm measured in step 5 minus the absorbance at 700 nm measured in step 7, and OD 525 is the value obtained by subtracting the absorbance at 525 nm measured in step 7 from the absorbance at 525 nm measured in step 5.

[0189] 9. WVTR (Water Vapor Transmission Rate) Evaluation The WVTR of the cases was evaluated according to ASTM F1249 standard at 38°C and 100% relative humidity.

[0190] 10.Solubility Assessment The solubility was evaluated based on ASTM E1148-02 standard. The maximum amount of the sample dissolved in 100 g of a vaporizable substance (water) at 0°C or room temperature (approximately 25°C) was evaluated according to the standard to confirm the solubility.

[0191] 11.Pyrolysis temperature The thermal decomposition temperature was determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Using a Mettler-Toledo TGA e850, the sample temperature was raised from approximately 20°C at a rate of 5°C / min in a N2 flow atmosphere, and the point at which the weight loss reached 5% or more was defined as the thermal decomposition temperature.

[0192] 12.Flammability evaluation The flammability of the freezing point modifier was evaluated according to the ASTM D93 standard. The sample (ignition source) was placed in a 100 mL brass test cup at a volume of approximately 90% of the cup by volume, stirred at approximately 100 rpm, and the diameter of the ignition source was set to approximately 3.2 mm to 4.8 mm. The flash point was evaluated while the temperature was raised at a rate of 5°C / min. If the sample vaporized without igniting during the evaluation, the sample was evaluated as non-flammable. If the sample ignited, the temperature at the time of ignition was recorded as the flash point.

[0193] 13.Evaluation of the presence or absence of toxic gases The presence or absence of toxic gas generation was evaluated using a length-of-stain colorimetric dosimeter according to ASTM D4599-21. The length-of-stain colorimetric dosimeter is a tube that can measure concentration by color, and measurement tubes are specified for each toxic gas. Gas samples generated from the target substance were collected for approximately 1 minute and quantified. The sample was injected into the open end of the length-of-stain colorimetric dosimeter using a 100 ml syringe, and then maintained for approximately 8 hours, after which the concentration of each gas was measured. The toxic gases measured using this method were chlorine gas, ammonia gas, and hydrofluoric acid gas.

[0194] 14.Ignition potential The fire extinguishing composition was placed in an aluminum can and its ignition property was evaluated. The aluminum can was made of aluminum foil with a thickness of about 3 mm and was open at the top. The width and length of the can were about 9 cm and 12 cm, respectively, and the internal volume was about 32.4 cm. 3 The composition was filled into the can, and with the top of the can open, a flame was applied vertically to one side of the can from a distance of about 1 inch. The flame was applied using butane gas (a 220 g can of butane gas (unused product)) and a torch. The flame was applied for about 5 minutes, and the occurrence of a flame at the open top was observed to evaluate the ignition potential.

[0195] 15.Evaluation of thermal conductivity The thermal conductivity was evaluated at 20°C using a measuring instrument (Hot Disk Co., TPS2200) according to the ISO22007-2 standard.

[0196] Example 1 Fire extinguishing composition Water (W) and a freezing point modifier (ethylene glycol (molar mass: 62.07 g / mol)) (E) were mixed in a weight ratio of 60:40 (W:E). The mixing was carried out at room temperature (about 25°C) at 300 rpm for about 30 minutes. The ethylene glycol had a flash point of about 111°C, and the concentrations of chlorine gas, ammonia gas, and hydrofluoric acid gas measured by a toxic gas evaluation method were all 0 ppm. The ethylene glycol was also miscible with water. Next, the mixture was placed in a sealed container, and glass wool was placed in the sealed container. The container was then maintained at room temperature (about 25°C) for about 24 hours to support the mixture on the glass wool, thereby producing a fire-extinguishing composition. The glass wool had a thickness of about 2.5 mm and a density of about 0.03 g / cm. 3 Glass wool blanket (Rosewool) with a thermal decomposition temperature of about 400°C was used.

[0197] fire extinguisher The composition was placed inside a can (case) used for manufacturing a prismatic battery, and the opening was sealed to manufacture a fire extinguisher. The WVTR of the can used for the prismatic battery was about 0.11 g / m 2 4, two thermally conductive layers 2001 and 2002 were inserted into the aluminum can 1001, and the composition (glass wool carrying the mixture) 300 was poured between the thermally conductive layers 2001 and 2002. The composition was then placed on the aluminum can 1001 and the cover 1002 was placed over the aluminum can 1001 to manufacture the fire extinguisher. The composition was poured to fill at least 90% of the volume of the empty space inside the can. The thermally conductive layers 2001 and 2002 were copper films (approximately 18 μm thick) with a thermal conductivity of approximately 401 W / m·K (based on 20°C). If the fire extinguishing composition is not in the form of a sheet, such as glass wool carrying the mixture, the fire extinguisher can be manufactured by placing two thermally conductive layers 2001 and 2002 in a case and pouring the composition between the thermally conductive layers, as shown in FIG. 5. The prismatic battery case used was approximately 9 cm wide, 12 cm long, and 3 mm thick.

[0198] Example 2. Fire extinguishing composition A fire-extinguishing composition was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that water (W) and ethylene glycol (molar mass: 62.07 g / mol) (E) were mixed in a weight ratio of 72:28 (W:E).

[0199] fire extinguisher The case for rectangular batteries is made of aluminum and has a WVTR of approximately 0g / m 2 A fire extinguisher was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a 10-day case was used.

[0200] Example 3 Fire extinguishing composition Water (W), potassium acetate (K) (molar mass: 98.15 g / mol) (CHCOOK), and starch (S) were mixed in a weight ratio of 55:36:10 (W:K:S). The starch used was corn starch with a weight-average molecular weight of approximately 51,000,000 g / mol and an amylose-to-amylovectin weight ratio (amylose:amylovectin) of approximately 25:75. The potassium acetate used as a freezing point modifier is a non-flammable substance with no flash point. The concentrations of chlorine gas, ammonia gas, and hydrofluoric acid gas measured using a toxic gas evaluation method were all 0 ppm, making it a non-toxic substance. The solubility of potassium acetate used as a freezing point modifier in 100 g of water at 0°C was approximately 216 g, and its solubility in 100 g of water at 25°C was approximately 268.6 g. Next, the mixture was placed in a sealed container, and mineral wool (thickness: about 2.5 mm, density: about 0.2 g / cm ) was further placed in the sealed container. 3 After placing a mineral wool insulation board No. 1 (KCC, thermal decomposition temperature: about 800°C) in the mixture, the mixture was maintained at room temperature (about 25°C) for about 24 hours to support the mixture on the mineral wool, thereby preparing a fire-extinguishing composition.

[0201] Fire extinguishing equipment The can (case) used in the manufacture of prismatic batteries has a WVTR of approximately 0.27 g / m 2 A fire extinguisher was fabricated using a 10-day can in the same manner as in Example 1. In this process, aluminum foil with a thermal conductivity of about 234 W / mK (based on 20°C) and a thickness of about 50 μm was used as the thermal conductive layer.

[0202] Example 4. Fire extinguishing composition A first mixture was prepared by mixing water (W), monoammonium phosphate (N) (NH4H2PO4) (DAE JUNG CHEMICALS & METALS), and a freezing point modifier (F) in a weight ratio of 100:20:30 (W:N:F). The mixing was carried out at room temperature (approximately 25°C) at 300 rpm for approximately 10 minutes. Potassium formate (HCOOK) (DAE JUNG CHEMICALS & METALS) (molar mass 84.12 g / mol) was used as the freezing point modifier. Potassium formate is a non-flammable substance with no flash point. The concentrations of chlorine gas, ammonia gas, and hydrofluoric acid gas measured using a toxic gas evaluation method were all 0 ppm, making it a non-toxic substance. The solubility of potassium formate in 100 g of water at 0°C is approximately 32.8 g, and the solubility in 100 g of water at 25°C is approximately 331 g.

[0203] The solubility of the monoammonium phosphate (N) (NH4H2PO4) in water at 25°C is approximately 29g. Next, starch (S) (Sigma-Aldrich) and melamine (M) (ACROS ORGANICS) were further mixed with the first mixture to prepare a second mixture. In the second mixture, the ratio of water (W), starch (S), and melamine (M) (W:S:M) was adjusted to approximately 100:10:10. The mixing was carried out at room temperature (approximately 25°C) at 300 rpm for approximately 30 minutes. The corn starch used in Example 3 was used as the starch in the preparation of the second mixture. Next, a water-absorbing polymer (SAP) was further mixed with the second mixture to prepare a composition. The water-absorbing polymer was mixed with the second mixture and then mixed at room temperature (approximately 25°C) at 300 rpm for approximately 2 hours. The mixing was carried out so that the weight ratio (W:P) of the water (W) to the water-absorbing polymer (P) in the mixture was about 100:5. LG Chem's SAP GS-803ND product was used as the water-absorbing polymer, and it was applied to a size of about 150 μm after being crushed and classified. The CRC (Centrifuge Retention Capacity) of this water-absorbing polymer was about 33.5 g / g, and the AUP (Absorption Under Pressure) was about 28.1 g / g.

[0204] fire extinguisher A fire extinguisher was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 2 using the aluminum can (case) used in manufacturing the prismatic battery applied in Example 2. In this process, no thermally conductive layer was applied.

[0205] Example 5. A fire extinguishing composition and a fire extinguishing device were prepared in the same manner as in Example 4, except that sodium formate (HCOONa) (DAE MYUNG CHEMICALS) (molar mass: 68.01 g / mol) was used instead of potassium formate (HCOOK) (DAE JUNG CHEMICALS & METALS) as the freezing point modifier. The sodium formate is a non-flammable substance with no flash point. It is also non-toxic, with a total concentration of 0 ppm for chlorine gas, ammonia gas, and hydrofluoric acid gas measured using a toxic gas evaluation method. The solubility of sodium formate as a freezing point modifier is approximately 43.82 g in 100 g of water at 0°C and approximately 97.2 g in 100 g of water at 25°C.

[0206] Example 6 A fire extinguishing composition and a fire extinguishing device were prepared in the same manner as in Example 4, except that potassium acetate (CH3COONa) (DAE JUNG CHEMICALS & METALS) (molar mass: 98.15 g / mol) was used instead of potassium formate (HCOOK) (DAE JUNG CHEMICALS & METALS) as the freezing point modifier. The potassium acetate is a non-flammable substance with no flash point, and the concentrations of chlorine gas, ammonia gas, and hydrofluoric acid gas measured by a toxic gas evaluation method were all 0 ppm, making it a non-toxic substance.

[0207] Example 7 Fire extinguishing composition Water (W) and monoammonium phosphate (N) (NH4H2PO4) were mixed in a weight ratio (W:N) of 100:22 to prepare a first mixture. The mixing was carried out at room temperature (about 25°C) at 300 rpm for about 10 minutes. Starch (S) and melamine (M) were further mixed into the first mixture to prepare a second mixture. In the second mixture, the ratio of water (W), starch (S), and melamine (M) (W:S:M) was adjusted to 100:6:6. The mixing was carried out at room temperature (about 25°C) at 300 rpm for about 30 minutes. The same corn starch used in Example 3 was used as the starch in the second mixture. Next, a water-absorbent polymer (SAP) was further mixed into the second mixture to prepare a composition. The water-absorbing polymer was mixed by mixing the second mixture with the water-absorbing polymer and mixing for about 2 hours at room temperature (about 25°C) at 300 rpm. The mixing was carried out so that the weight ratio (W:P) of the water (W) to the water-absorbing polymer (P) in the mixture was about 100:5. The same water-absorbing polymer as used in Example 4 was used. The latent heat of the fire-extinguishing composition produced in this manner was about 1615 J / g.

[0208] fire extinguisher A fire extinguishing device was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 4 using the fire extinguishing composition.

[0209] Comparative Example 1 Fire extinguishing composition Water (W) and potassium acetate (K) (molar mass: 98.15 g / mol) (CH3COOK) were mixed in a weight ratio (W:K) of 45:55. The potassium acetate used as a freezing point regulator is a non-flammable substance with no flash point, and the concentrations of chlorine gas, ammonia gas, and hydrofluoric acid gas measured by a toxic gas evaluation method were all 0 ppm, making it a non-toxic substance. Next, the mixture was placed in a sealed container, and mineral wool (thickness: approximately 2.5 mm, density: approximately 0.2 g / cm) was further placed in the sealed container. 3After placing a KCC Mineralwool insulation board No. 1 (thermal decomposition temperature: about 800°C) in the container, the container was kept at room temperature (about 25°C) for about 24 hours to prepare a fire-extinguishing composition.

[0210] Fire extinguishing equipment The can (case) used in the manufacture of prismatic batteries has a WVTR of approximately 0.27 g / m 2 A fire extinguisher was fabricated using a 10-day can in the same manner as in Example 1. In this process, aluminum foil with a thermal conductivity of about 234 W / mK (based on 20°C) and a thickness of about 50 μm was used as the thermal conductive layer.

[0211] Comparative Example 2 As a prismatic battery case, the WVTR is approximately 7.5g / m 2 A fire extinguisher was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a 10-day case was used.

[0212] Comparative Example 3. As a prismatic battery case, the WVTR is approximately 7.5g / m 2 A fire extinguisher was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 7, except that a 10-day case was used.

[0213] The evaluation results for the Examples and Comparative Examples are summarized and shown in Tables 1 and 2 below. In Tables 1 and 2 below, M is the total molar concentration of the freezing point regulator and other ionic compounds (ammonium phosphate monobasic) relative to the volatile substance (water) in the composition, and ΔT f is calculated by the formula 1(K f In Tables 1 and 2, the water content is the weight of water contained when the weight of the fire extinguishing composition of the Examples or Comparative Examples is taken as 100%, and the WVTR is the WVTR (unit: g / m) of the case used in manufacturing the fire extinguisher. 2 ·day). [Table 1] [Table 2]

[0214] The results in Table 1 confirm that the WVTR of the fire extinguisher case is controlled by the inclusion of a certain amount of water in the composition, resulting in excellent results in the convection test and chain reaction test. Furthermore, considering the temperature measured by the temperature sensor in the convection test, Examples 1 to 6, in which the evaporation rate was adjusted by adding a freezing point modifier, showed superior results compared to Example 7. The results in Table 2 reveal that even if the WVTR of the case is controlled, the intended effect cannot be achieved if the water content in the composition is not controlled (Comparative Example 1) or if the water content is not controlled in conjunction with the WVTR control (Comparative Examples 2 and 3). Furthermore, the compositions of the Examples and Comparative Examples were found to be flammable when ethylene glycol was used as a freezing point depressant.

[0215] Example 8 A fire extinguisher was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a pouch-type case was used. The case was fabricated using an outer shell fabricated by laminating, in order, a PET (poly(ethylene terephthalate)) film (thickness: approximately 10 μm), a PVDC (polyvinylidene chloride) film (thickness: approximately 40 μm), and a PP (polypropylene) hot-melt film (thickness: approximately 50 μm) (melting point: approximately 140°C). The PET film was laminated on one side of the PVDC film with an adhesive, and the PP hot-melt film was laminated on the other side at a temperature of approximately 200°C to fabricate the outer shell. As shown in FIG. 6, a recess I was formed in the center of the outer shell, and an upper outer shell 121 and a lower outer shell 122 were prepared. After adhering a thermally conductive layer to the recesses I of the upper and lower outer skins 121 and 122, a fire extinguishing composition was poured onto the thermally conductive layer. After laminating the upper and lower outer skins 121 and 122, the PP hot melt films were fused together at the sealing portions S to manufacture a fire extinguishing device. Then, three of the four sealing portions S were folded so that the unfolded sealing portions could function as vent areas. The composition was injected so as to occupy at least 90% of the volume of the sealed space formed by the recesses I. The WVTR of the case was approximately 0.11 g / m 2 The thermally conductive layer was the same as that used in Example 1. The case was manufactured to have a width of about 9 cm, a length of about 12 cm, and a thickness of about 3 mm.

[0216] Example 9. A fire extinguisher was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 2, except that a pouch-type case was used as the fire extinguisher case. The case was manufactured using an outer shell manufactured by laminating, in this order, a PET (poly(ethylene terephthalate)) film (thickness: approximately 10 μm), aluminum foil (thickness: approximately 20 μm), and a PP (polypropylene) hot melt film (thickness: approximately 70 μm) (melting point: approximately 140°C). The PET film was laminated on one side of the aluminum foil with an adhesive, and the PP hot melt film was laminated on the other side at a temperature of approximately 200°C to manufacture the outer shell. As shown in FIG. 6, a recess I was formed in the center of the outer shell, and an upper outer shell 121 and a lower outer shell 122 were prepared. After adhering a thermally conductive layer to the recesses I of the upper and lower outer skins 121 and 122, a fire extinguishing composition was poured onto the thermally conductive layer, and the upper and lower outer skins 121 and 122 were laminated together. The PP hot melt films were then fused together at the sealing portions S to manufacture a fire extinguishing device. Three of the four sealing portions S were then folded so that the unfolded sealing portions could function as vent areas. The composition was injected so as to occupy at least 90% of the volume of the sealed space formed by the recesses I. The WVTR of the case was approximately 0 g / m 2 The thermally conductive layer was the same as that used in Example 1. The case was manufactured to have a width of about 9 cm, a length of about 12 cm, and a thickness of about 3 mm.

[0217] Example 10. A fire extinguisher was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 3, except that a pouch-type case was used. The case was fabricated using an outer shell fabricated by laminating, in order, a PET (poly(ethylene terephthalate)) film (thickness: approximately 10 μm), an EVOH (ethylene vinyl alcohol) film (thickness: approximately 40 μm), and a PE (polyethylene) hot melt film (thickness: approximately 50 μm) (melting point: approximately 140°C). The PET film was laminated on one side of the EVOH film with an adhesive, and the PE hot melt film was laminated on the other side at a temperature of approximately 200°C to fabricate the outer shell. As shown in FIG. 6, a recess I was formed in the center of the outer shell, and an upper outer shell 121 and a lower outer shell 122 were prepared. After adhering a thermally conductive layer to the recesses I of the upper and lower outer skins 121 and 122, a fire extinguishing composition was poured onto the thermally conductive layer. After laminating the upper and lower outer skins 121 and 122, the PE hot melt films were fused together at the sealing portions S to manufacture a fire extinguishing device. Then, three of the four sealing portions S were folded so that the unfolded sealing portions could function as vent areas. The composition was injected so as to occupy at least 90% of the volume of the sealed space formed by the recesses I. The WVTR of the case was approximately 0.27 g / m 2 The thermally conductive layer was the same as that used in Example 3. The case was manufactured to have a width of about 9 cm, a length of about 12 cm, and a thickness of about 3 mm.

[0218] Example 11 A fire extinguisher was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 4, except that a pouch-shaped case was used. The case was fabricated using an outer shell fabricated by laminating, in order, a PET (poly(ethylene terephthalate)) film (thickness: approximately 10 μm), aluminum foil (thickness: approximately 20 μm), and a PP (polypropylene) hot melt film (thickness: approximately 70 μm) (melting point: approximately 140°C). The PET film was laminated on one side of the aluminum foil with an adhesive, and the PP hot melt film was laminated on the other side at a temperature of approximately 200°C to fabricate the outer shell. As shown in FIG. 6, a recess I was formed in the center of the outer shell to prepare upper and lower shells 121 and 122. A fire extinguishing composition was placed in the lower shell 122, and the upper and lower shells 121 and 122 were laminated together. The PP hot melt films were then fused together at sealing section S to fabricate the fire extinguisher. Thereafter, three of the four sealing portions S were folded so that the unfolded sealing portions could act as vent areas. The composition was injected so that it filled at least 90% of the volume of the sealed space formed by the recess I. The WVTR of the case was approximately 0 g / m 2 The case was manufactured to be approximately 9 cm wide, 12 cm long, and 3 mm thick.

[0219] Example 12 A fire extinguisher was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 5, except that a pouch-shaped case was used. The case was fabricated using an outer shell fabricated by laminating, in order, a PET (poly(ethylene terephthalate)) film (thickness: approximately 10 μm), aluminum foil (thickness: approximately 20 μm), and a PP (polypropylene) hot melt film (thickness: approximately 70 μm) (melting point: approximately 140°C). The PET film was laminated on one side of the aluminum foil with an adhesive, and the PP hot melt film was laminated on the other side at a temperature of approximately 200°C to fabricate the outer shell. As shown in FIG. 6, a recess I was formed in the center of the outer shell to prepare upper and lower shells 121 and 122. A fire extinguishing composition was placed in the lower shell 122, and the upper and lower shells 121 and 122 were laminated together. The PP hot melt films were then fused together at sealing section S to fabricate the fire extinguisher. Thereafter, three of the four sealing portions S were folded so that the unfolded sealing portions could act as vent areas. The composition was injected so that it filled at least 90% of the volume of the sealed space formed by the recess I. The WVTR of the case was approximately 0 g / m 2 The case was manufactured to be approximately 9 cm wide, 12 cm long, and 3 mm thick.

[0220] Example 13 A fire extinguisher was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 6, except that a pouch-shaped case was used. The case was fabricated using an outer shell fabricated by laminating, in order, a PET (poly(ethylene terephthalate)) film (thickness: approximately 10 μm), aluminum foil (thickness: approximately 20 μm), and a PP (polypropylene) hot melt film (thickness: approximately 70 μm) (melting point: approximately 140°C). The PET film was laminated on one side of the aluminum foil with an adhesive, and the PP hot melt film was laminated on the other side at a temperature of approximately 200°C to fabricate the outer shell. As shown in FIG. 6, a recess I was formed in the center of the outer shell to prepare upper and lower shells 121 and 122. A fire extinguishing composition was placed in the lower shell 122, and the upper and lower shells 121 and 122 were laminated together. The PP hot melt films were then fused together at sealing section S to fabricate the fire extinguisher. Thereafter, three of the four sealing portions S were folded so that the unfolded sealing portions could act as vent areas. The composition was injected so that it filled at least 90% of the volume of the sealed space formed by the recess I. The WVTR of the case was approximately 0 g / m 2 The case was manufactured to be approximately 9 cm wide, 12 cm long, and 3 mm thick.

[0221] Example 14. A fire extinguisher was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 7, except that a pouch-shaped case was used. The case was fabricated using an outer shell fabricated by laminating, in order, a PET (poly(ethylene terephthalate)) film (thickness: approximately 10 μm), aluminum foil (thickness: approximately 20 μm), and a PP (polypropylene) hot melt film (thickness: approximately 70 μm) (melting point: approximately 140°C). The PET film was laminated on one side of the aluminum foil with an adhesive, and the PP hot melt film was laminated on the other side at a temperature of approximately 200°C to fabricate the outer shell. As shown in FIG. 6, a recess I was formed in the center of the outer shell to prepare upper and lower shells 121 and 122. A fire extinguishing composition was placed in the lower shell 122, and the upper and lower shells 121 and 122 were laminated together. The PP hot melt films were then fused together at sealing section S to fabricate the fire extinguisher. Thereafter, three of the four sealing portions S were folded so that the unfolded sealing portions could act as vent areas. The composition was injected so that it filled at least 90% of the volume of the sealed space formed by the recess I. The WVTR of the case was approximately 0 g / m 2 The case was manufactured to be approximately 9 cm wide, 12 cm long, and 3 mm thick.

[0222] Comparative Example 4. A fire extinguisher was manufactured in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, except that a pouch-type case was used as the fire extinguisher case. The case was manufactured using an outer shell manufactured by laminating, in order, a PET (poly(ethylene terephthalate)) film (thickness: approximately 10 μm), an EVOH (ethylene vinyl alcohol) film (thickness: approximately 40 μm), and a PE (polyethylene) hot melt film (thickness: approximately 50 μm) (melting point: approximately 140°C). The PET film was laminated on one side of the EVOH film with an adhesive, and the PE hot melt film was laminated on the other side at a temperature of approximately 200°C to manufacture the outer shell. As shown in FIG. 6, a recess I was formed in the center of the outer shell, and an upper outer shell 121 and a lower outer shell 122 were prepared. After adhering a thermally conductive layer to the recesses I of the upper and lower outer skins 121 and 122, a fire extinguishing composition was poured onto the thermally conductive layer. After laminating the upper and lower outer skins 121 and 122, the PE hot melt films were fused together at the sealing portions S to manufacture a fire extinguishing device. Then, three of the four sealing portions S were folded so that the unfolded sealing portions could function as vent areas. The composition was injected so as to occupy at least 90% of the volume of the sealed space formed by the recesses I. The WVTR of the case was approximately 0.27 g / m 2 The thermal conductivity was approximately 234 W / mK (based on 20°C) and aluminum foil with a thickness of approximately 50 μm was used as the thermal conductive layer. The case was manufactured to be approximately 9 cm wide, 12 cm long, and 3 mm thick.

[0223] Comparative Example 5. A fire extinguisher was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a pouch-shaped case was used as the fire extinguisher case. The case was fabricated using an outer shell fabricated by laminating a PVC (poly(vinyl chloride)) film (thickness: approximately 20 μm) and a PP hot melt film (thickness: approximately 70 μm) (melting point: approximately 140°C). The PP hot melt film was laminated on one side of the PVC film at a temperature of approximately 200°C to fabricate the outer shell. As shown in FIG. 6, a recess I was formed in the center of the outer shell to prepare upper and lower outer shells 121 and 122. After adhering thermally conductive layers to the recess I of the upper and lower outer shells 121 and 122, a fire extinguishing composition was poured onto the thermally conductive layers. The upper and lower outer shells 121 and 122 were then laminated together, and the PP hot melt films were fused together at the sealing portion S to fabricate the fire extinguisher. Thereafter, three of the four sealing portions S were folded so that the unfolded sealing portions could act as vent areas. The composition was poured so that it filled at least 90% of the volume of the sealed space formed by the recess I. The WVTR of the case was approximately 7.5 g / m 2 The thermally conductive layer was the same as that used in Example 1. The case was manufactured to have a width of about 9 cm, a length of about 12 cm, and a thickness of about 3 mm.

[0224] Comparative Example 6. A fire extinguisher was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 7, except that a pouch-shaped case was used. The case was fabricated using an outer shell fabricated by laminating a PVC (poly(vinyl chloride)) film (thickness: approximately 20 μm) and a PP hot melt film (thickness: approximately 70 μm) (melting point: approximately 140°C). The PP hot melt film was laminated on one side of the PVC film at a temperature of approximately 200°C to fabricate the outer shell. As shown in FIG. 6, a recess I was formed in the center of the outer shell to prepare an upper outer shell 121 and a lower outer shell 122. A fire extinguishing composition was placed in the recess I of the lower outer shell 122, and the upper and lower outer shells 121 and 122 were laminated together. The PP hot melt films were then fused together at the sealing portion S to fabricate the fire extinguisher. Three of the four sealing portions S were then folded, allowing the unfolded sealing portions to function as vent areas. The composition was poured so as to occupy at least 90% of the volume of the sealed space formed by the recess I. The WVTR of the case was about 7.5 g / m 2 The case was manufactured to be about 9 cm wide, 12 cm long, and 3 mm thick. The evaluation results for the Examples and Comparative Examples are summarized in Tables 3 and 4 below. In Tables 3 and 4 below, M and ΔT f The meanings of are as shown in Tables 1 and 2. In Tables 3 and 4, the water content is the weight of water contained when the weight of the fire extinguishing composition of the Examples or Comparative Examples is taken as 100%, and WVTR is the WVTR (unit: g / m) of the case used in manufacturing the fire extinguisher. 2 ·day). [Table 3] [Table 4]

[0225] From the results in Tables 3 and 4, it can be seen that even if the shape of the case changes, the water content in the composition is above a certain level, and the WVTR of the fire extinguisher case is controlled, resulting in excellent results in the convection test and chain ignition test.

Claims

1. vaporizable substances; and one or more freezing point modifiers selected from the group consisting of alcohols and ionic compounds; The content of the volatile substance is 50% by weight or more, The freezing point regulator is a ΔT ｆ A composition containing: [Formula 1] △T ｆ =K ｆ ×M×I In Equation 1, K ｆ is the freezing point depression constant of the vaporizable substance, M is the molar concentration of the freezing point modifier relative to the vaporizable substance, and I is the number of ions formed by the freezing point modifier, and I is 1 if the freezing point modifier is not an ionic compound.

2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the vaporizable substance has a boiling point in the range of 80°C to 120°C.

3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the vaporizable substance is water.

4. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the freezing point modifier has a solubility of 20 g or more in 100 g of vaporizable material at 0°C.

5. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the freezing point regulator has a solubility of 70 g or more in 100 g of vaporizable material at 25°C.

6. 10. The composition of claim 1, wherein the freezing point modifier has a molar mass of 300 g / mol or less.

7. 2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the ionic compound is one or more selected from the group consisting of formates, acetates, carbonates, and sulfates.

8. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising one or more selected from the group consisting of a carbonizable organic material and a carbonization catalyst.

9. A case having an enclosed space inside; and A vaporizable substance present in the enclosed space is included, The content of the vaporizable substance in the sealed space is 50% by weight or more, The WVTR (Water Vapor Transmission Rate) of 80% or more of the area of ​​the part of the case that forms the sealed space is 5 g / m ２ days or less, or the WVTR (Water Vapor Transmission Rate) of 80% or more of the area of ​​the case is 5 g / m ２ - Fire extinguishing equipment that is less than day.

10. 10. The fire extinguishing apparatus of claim 9, wherein the enclosed space further comprises one or more freezing point regulators selected from the group consisting of alcohols and ionic compounds.

11. The freezing point regulator is a ΔT ｆ The fire extinguishing apparatus according to claim 10, wherein: [Formula 1] △T ｆ =K ｆ ×M×I In Equation 1, K ｆ is the freezing point depression constant of the vaporizable substance, M is the molar concentration of the freezing point modifier relative to the vaporizable substance, and I is the number of ions formed by the freezing point modifier, and I is 1 if the freezing point modifier is not an ionic compound.

12. 10. The fire extinguisher according to claim 9, wherein the vaporizable substance has a boiling point within a range of 80°C to 120°C.

13. 10. The fire extinguishing apparatus of claim 9, wherein the vaporizable substance is water.

14. The fire extinguisher according to claim 10, wherein the freezing point regulator has a solubility of 20 g or more in 100 g of vaporizable material at 0°C.

15. The fire extinguisher according to claim 10, wherein the freezing point regulator has a solubility of 70 g or more in 100 g of vaporizable material at 25°C.

16. 11. The fire extinguishing apparatus of claim 10, wherein the ionic compound is one or more selected from the group consisting of formates, acetates, carbonates, and sulfates.

17. 10. The fire extinguishing apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the enclosed space further contains one or more selected from the group consisting of a carbonizable organic substance and a carbonization catalyst.

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