Bubble glass passive fire extinguishing system

Abstract

A covered bubble glass block (10) and a passive fire suppression system incorporating the covered bubble glass block are disclosed. The system consists of segments of a bubble glass block, each containing a covering material including integrated connector flanges (47, 57a / b, 67a / b, 77a / b, 87, 97). Adjacent bubble glass blocks in a reservoir can be interlocked to form a passive barrier, which is effective in mitigating damage or risk associated with liquid hydrocarbon leakage.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] (Cross-reference of related applications) This application claims priority and interest in U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 486,137, filed on 21 February 2023, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0002] (Field of invention) The present invention relates to a fire extinguishing system used in combination with liquid hydrocarbons, and more specifically to a system incorporating buoyant bubble glass. [Background technology]

[0003] Industrial hydrocarbon processing and storage facilities are at risk of fires that can be hazardous and costly. Therefore, various fire suppression systems are incorporated into these facilities. One such system involves a pit or reservoir from which hydrocarbons are discharged during a fire, combined with a buoyant material covering the hydrocarbons to reduce their vapor pressure and mitigate / prevent the spread of fire.

[0004] Bubble glass is a structurally rigid, non-porous, closed-cell foam material with zero water permeability. Bubble glass of a certain density is buoyant of liquid hydrocarbons (e.g., liquid natural gas). While its use as an insulating material is well known, bubble glass can also be incorporated into passive fire suppression systems to contain hydrocarbon leaks before ignition events, passively suppress vapors and flames, and reduce heat radiation from hydrocarbon flames. This suppression allows facilities to have more time to deploy more "active" fire suppression measures, potentially reducing damage to human life and adjacent equipment. [Overview of the project]

[0005] Conventional passive fire suppression systems (PFS) require considerable effort and time to install, especially when connecting components to form a floating barrier or web within a reservoir. In certain systems, segments of buoyant material are positioned within the reservoir to protect against potential failures / leaks. Generally, individual buoyant segments / blocks of a PFS system are connected within the reservoir or pit to ensure there are no gaps in the PFS system's coverage. This connection process can be cumbersome / time-consuming, requiring numerous surplus parts, each of which must be installed manually. The general concept of the present invention addresses this problem by reducing / eliminating surplus parts and simplifying the installation process while improving the overall strength and flexibility of the PFS system.

[0006] In certain exemplary embodiments, the general concept of the present invention relates to a coated bubble glass block, which has a capacity of 15 lbs. / ft 3 The invention includes a bubble glass block having a density of less than 1, the bubble glass block comprising a top surface, a bottom surface, opposing sides, and opposing end faces. The bubble glass block further comprises a covering material positioned on at least one of the top surface and bottom surface of the bubble glass block, the covering material comprising an integrated connector flange adapted to connect adjacent bubble glass blocks to one another.

[0007] The general concept of the present invention further relates to a plurality of interconnected bubble glass blocks, each block having a volume of 15 lbs. / ft 3Having a density of less than , it includes a top surface, a bottom surface, opposing sides, and opposing end faces. The bubble glass block further has a covering material positioned on at least one of the top surface and bottom surface of the bubble glass block, the covering material including a first integrated connector flange and a second integrated connector flange, the integrated connector flange being adapted to connect adjacent bubble glass blocks to each other, the first integrated connector flange being adapted to mechanically interlock with the second integrated connector flange of an adjacent block but not with the first integrated connector flange of an adjacent block.

[0008] The general concept of the present invention further relates to a passive fire extinguishing system, which comprises a plurality of bubble glass blocks, each block having a capacity of 15 lbs. / ft 3 Having a density of less than , each block includes a top surface, a bottom surface, opposing sides, and opposing end faces. The bubble glass block further includes a covering material positioned on at least one of the top surface and bottom surface of the bubble glass block, the covering material including a first integrated connector flange and a second integrated connector flange, the integrated connector flange being adapted to connect adjacent bubble glass blocks to each other, the first integrated connector flange being adapted to mechanically interlock with the second integrated connector flange of an adjacent block but not with the first integrated connector flange of an adjacent block.

[0009] A further embodiment of the general concept of the present invention relates to a liquid hydrocarbon holding container. The container comprises a reservoir volume defined by at least one container wall and container floor, and a passive fire suppression system. The passive fire suppression system comprises a plurality of interlocking bubble glass blocks, each block having a capacity of 15 lbs. / ft 3The glass bubble block has a density of less than 1, and includes a top surface, a bottom surface, opposing sides, and opposing end faces. The glass bubble block further includes a covering material positioned on at least one of the top surface and bottom surface of the glass bubble block, the covering material including a first integrated connector flange and a second integrated connector flange. The integrated connector flange is adapted to connect adjacent glass bubble blocks to each other, and the first integrated connector flange is adapted to mechanically interlock with the second integrated connector flange of an adjacent block, but not with the first integrated connector flange of an adjacent block.

[0010] A general concept of the present invention further relates to a method for interlocking adjacent bubble glass blocks. This method includes providing a bubble glass block including a top surface, a bottom surface, opposing sides and opposing end faces, and positioning a covering material on at least one of the top surface and bottom surface of the bubble glass block. This covering material includes a first integrated connector flange and a second integrated connector flange, the integrated connector flange being adapted to connect adjacent bubble glass blocks to each other, the first integrated connector flange being adapted to mechanically interlock with the second integrated connector flange of the adjacent block, but not with the first integrated connector flange of the adjacent block. The method further includes positioning the first bubble glass block adjacent to the second bubble glass block such that the first integrated connector flange of the first bubble glass block interlocks with the second integrated connector flange of the second bubble glass block.

[0011] A further aspect of the general concept of the present invention relates to a method for preventing the spread of fire and / or suppressing flames in a liquid hydrocarbon holding container, comprising a reservoir volume defined by at least one container wall and a container floor. The method includes positioning a passive flame suppression system within the reservoir volume by interlocking a plurality of bubble glass blocks to form a passive fire suppression system having an area substantially corresponding to an area of ​​the container floor. The passive fire suppression system comprises a plurality of interlocking bubble glass blocks, each block having a capacity of 15 lbs. / ft 3 The invention comprises a plurality of interlocking bubble glass blocks having a density of less than 1, each having a top surface, a bottom surface, opposing sides, and opposing end faces, and a covering material positioned on at least one of the top and bottom surfaces of the bubble glass blocks, the covering material comprising a first integrated connector flange and a second integrated connector flange, the integrated connector flange being adapted to connect adjacent bubble glass blocks to each other, the first integrated connector flange being adapted to mechanically interlock with the second integrated connector flange of an adjacent block but not with the first integrated connector flange of an adjacent block, the first bubble glass block being positioned adjacent to the second bubble glass block, thereby causing the first integrated connector flange of the first bubble glass block to interlock with the second integrated connector flange of the second bubble glass block.

[0012] Other aspects and features of the general concept of the present invention will become more readily apparent to those skilled in the art by considering the following description of various exemplary embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0013] The general concept of the present invention, as well as its embodiments and advantages, will be described in more detail below, with reference to the drawings, as examples. [Figure 1] This is a diagram of a conventional bubble glass block with the coating positioned on the top surface. [Figure 2]A diagram of a plurality of conventional bubble glass blocks positioned adjacent to each other. [Figure 3] A diagram of a conventional adjacent bubble glass block and a connector strip positioned along the interface between the blocks. [Figure 4] A diagram of a coated bubble glass block according to the general concept of the present invention. [Figure 5] A diagram showing an interlocking flange on an adjacent bubble glass block. [Figure 6A] An enlarged view of an integrated connector flange according to the general concept of the present invention. [Figure 6B] A diagram showing the state where the integrated connector flanges of adjacent bubble glass blocks are interlocked with each other. [Figure 7A] An enlarged view of an integrated connector flange according to another exemplary embodiment of the general concept of the present invention. [Figure 7B] An image showing the state where the integrated connector flanges of adjacent bubble glass blocks are interlocked with each other. [Figure 8] A top view of an integrated connector flange including a discharge hole is shown. [Figure 9A] A coated bubble glass block according to the general concept of the present invention is shown. [Figure 9B] An enlarged view of a part of the coated bubble glass block of FIG. 9A. [Figure 10] A series of coated bubble glass blocks arranged in columns in a PFS system is shown. [Figure 11] A series of coated bubble glass blocks arranged in columns in a PFS system is shown. [Figure 12] A coated bubble glass block according to the general concept of the present invention is shown. [Figure 13] A series of coated bubble glass blocks arranged in columns in a PFS system is shown. [Figure 14]The image shows a series of coated bubble glass blocks arranged in overlapping rows in a PFS system where reinforcing fasteners are positioned to connect adjacent coated bubble glass blocks through discharge holes in connector flanges. [Figure 15] An exemplary reinforcing fastener (e.g., a pin) used in accordance with the PFS system described herein is shown. [Figure 16] This is a top view of overlapping rows of coated bubble glass blocks in a PFS system in which reinforcing fasteners are positioned within the discharge holes of adjacent bubble glass blocks. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0014] With the understanding that this disclosure is merely illustrative of the general concept of the present invention, several exemplary embodiments will be described in detail. Embodiments encompassing the general concept of the present invention may take various forms, and the general concept of the present invention is not intended to be limited to the specific embodiments described herein.

[0015] While various exemplary embodiments are described or suggested herein, other exemplary embodiments utilizing various methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described or suggested herein are also covered by the general concepts of the present invention.

[0016] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art in which this invention pertains.

[0017] Generally, PFS systems using bubble glass blocks are deployed in a pit or reservoir before an ignition event to provide fire suppression and containment. In certain embodiments, the general concept of the present invention is to directly place bubble glass within an area / reservoir designed to contain hydrocarbon spills. Thus, this composition, system, and method may be used to provide safety for liquids such as LNG, LPG, or other related flammable liquids. The PFS system is based on the concept of reducing the area that can be consumed by vaporization and flame diffusion (for example, by covering the surface of the hydrocarbon).

[0018] The general concept of the present invention is based on the recognition that positioning buoyant glass products on the surface of hydrocarbon flames reduces fire-related risks. While certain conventional systems use small cubes / pieces of bubble glass, the system of the present invention offers the following advantages: 1) wider coverage of flammable liquids, further reducing the risk of fire; 2) better interlocking of adjacent blocks, ensuring a constant distance between blocks and their neighbors, and restricting block movement to a considerable degree, while still allowing some movement and flexibility, thus avoiding unnecessarily rigid structures; 3) increased strength and resilience of the system; and 4) reduced installation time compared to systems that require mechanically fastening adjacent blocks / rows together.

[0019] The advantages of using bubble glass in a PFS system are as follows: 1) It is a "solid foam" and therefore functions as a floating barrier insulating the surface of the burning liquid; 2) It is a non-combustible material; 3) It floats on the surface of most flammable liquid hydrocarbons, remaining on the surface regardless of the reservoir depth, and the liquid is not absorbed during contact with hydrocarbons (it does not sink due to liquid absorption); 4) It is mechanically stable at flame temperatures; 5) It is impermeable to water vapor; 6) It is acid resistant; 7) It can be easily cut to shape; and 8) It is dimensionally stable, so it can be positioned to take the shape of the desired coverage area.

[0020] Figure 1 shows one embodiment of a conventional bubble glass block 10. The block 10 includes a top surface 11, a bottom surface 12, opposing sides 13 and 14, and opposing end faces 15 and 16 (not shown). The covering material provides environmental protection to the block. Figure 2 shows a plurality of covering blocks arranged to cover an area, for example, a reservoir floor. Figure 3 shows two bubble glass blocks arranged side by side along adjacent surfaces, and a conventional connector strip extending along the adjacent sides of the two blocks. This connector strip includes a strip of material such as metal and includes a series of discharge holes, as shown. This connector strip provides a means for attaching adjacent blocks to each other. However, as mentioned above, with such conventional connecting means, the connectors are attached with mechanical fasteners (e.g., screws) that are generally installed manually on site, which requires considerable time and effort from the installer. Depending on the size of the reservoir, this often requires the installation of hundreds or thousands of screws to properly install the system. In addition, conventional connection methods, which use mechanical fasteners such as screws, had limitations in terms of strength.

[0021] The general concept of the present invention aims to address the shortcomings of conventional systems by introducing articles, systems, and methods that improve upon conventional PFS systems. One particular form of improvement involves an improved means of connecting adjacent bubble glass blocks to each other using an integrated connector flange. In a particular embodiment, each bubble glass block constituting the PFS system includes a covering material positioned on at least one surface of each block, the covering material including an integrated connector flange adapted to connect adjacent bubble glass blocks to each other. As a result, mechanical fasteners are required, if any, very little.

[0022] However, in certain cases, it is desirable to further reinforce the connection between adjacent bubble glass blocks or rows of bubble glass blocks. In such cases, the blocks can be interlocked and their relative positions reinforced by inserting reinforcing fasteners (e.g., pins) through at least one discharge hole in the first bubble glass block and through the discharge hole in the second bubble glass block. By repeating this through the PFS system, the desired level of interlocking can be achieved by connecting each bubble glass block to at least one other bubble glass block.

[0023] According to the general concept of this invention, 15 lbs. / ft 3 A coated bubble glass block having a density of less than is provided, the coated bubble glass block including a top surface, a bottom surface, opposing sides, and opposing end faces. The coated bubble glass block further includes a coating material positioned on at least one of the top surface, bottom surface, and end surfaces of the bubble glass block. The coating material includes an integrated connector flange adapted to connect adjacent bubble glass blocks to one another. In a particular exemplary embodiment, the coating material includes a first integrated connector flange and a second integrated connector flange, the first integrated connector flange being adapted to mechanically interlock with the second integrated connector flange of an adjacent block, but not with the first integrated connector flange of an adjacent block.

[0024] The general concept of the present invention is further related to a PFS system comprising a plurality of such bubble glass blocks, a liquid hydrocarbon holding container having a reservoir volume defined by at least one container wall and container floor, and a passive fire extinguishing system comprising a plurality of interlocking bubble glass blocks, and a method for interlocking adjacent bubble glass blocks of the PFS system. In the method, the integrated connector flange is adapted to connect adjacent bubble glass blocks to one another, and the first integrated connector flange is adapted to mechanically interlock with the second integrated connector flange of the adjacent block, but not with the first integrated connector flange of the adjacent block. The first bubble glass block is positioned adjacent to the second bubble glass block, thereby causing the first integrated connector flange of the first bubble glass block to interlock with the second integrated connector flange of the second bubble glass block.

[0025] The general concept of the present invention further relates to a method for preventing the spread of fire and / or suppressing flames in a liquid hydrocarbon holding container, comprising a reservoir volume defined by at least one container wall and a container floor. The method includes positioning a passive fire suppression system within the reservoir volume by interlocking a plurality of bubble glass blocks to form a passive fire suppression system that defines an area substantially corresponding to an area of ​​the container floor. The passive fire suppression system comprises a plurality of interlocking bubble glass blocks, each block having a capacity of 15 lbs. / ft 3Having a density less than, the foam glass block includes a plurality of interconnected foam glass blocks including a top surface, a bottom surface, opposing side surfaces, and opposing end faces, and a coating material positioned on at least one of the top and bottom surfaces of the foam glass block, the coating material including a first integral connector flange and a second integral connector flange, the integral connector flange being adapted to connect adjacent foam glass blocks to each other, the first integral connector flange being adapted to mechanically interlock with the second integral connector flange of an adjacent block but not with the first integral connector flange of an adjacent block, and the first foam glass block being positioned adjacent to the second foam glass block such that the first integral connector flange of the first foam glass block interlocks with the second integral connector flange of the second foam glass block.

[0026] Foam glass is primarily a material composed of glass, containing a large number (i.e., all or substantially all) of independent air bubbles within the material, and functions to form a material with a lower density than other solid glass products. The characteristics of the independent air bubbles in foam glass prevent fuel absorption into the block, thereby preventing premature system failure due to the foam glass sinking in liquid hydrocarbons. The density of foam glass can vary widely, but when used in a passive fire suppression system, the density of the foam glass can generally range from 3 pounds per cubic foot (3 lbs. / ft 3 ) to the density of the hydrocarbon / fuel that needs to ultimately float. Thus, in any of the exemplary embodiments, the foam glass has a density from 3 lbs. / ft 3 to 15 lbs. / ft 3 (including about 7 - 8 lbs. / ft 3 ). In a particular exemplary embodiment, the foam glass has a density greater than 3 lbs. / ft 3 . In a particular exemplary embodiment, the foam glass has a density greater than 4 lbs. / ft 3 . In a particular exemplary embodiment, the foam glass has a density greater than 5 lbs. / ft 3It has a density of 6 lbs. / ft. In certain exemplary embodiments, bubble glass has a density of 6 lbs. / ft. 3 It has an extremely high density. In a particular exemplary embodiment, bubble glass has a density of 15 lbs. / ft 3 It has a density of less than 10 lbs. / ft. In certain exemplary embodiments, bubble glass has a density of 10 lbs. / ft. 3 It has a density of less than 9 lbs. / ft. In certain exemplary embodiments, bubble glass has a density of 9 lbs. / ft. 3 It has a density of less than 8 lbs. / ft. In certain exemplary embodiments, bubble glass has a density of 8 lbs. / ft. 3 It has a density of less than 7.9 lbs. / ft. In certain exemplary embodiments, bubble glass has a density of 7.9 lbs. / ft. 3 It has a density of less than 7.8 lbs. / ft. In certain exemplary embodiments, bubble glass has a density of 7.8 lbs. / ft. 3 It has a density of less than 7.7 lbs. / ft. In certain exemplary embodiments, bubble glass has a density of 7.7 lbs. / ft. 3 It has a density of less than 7.6 lbs. / ft. In certain exemplary embodiments, bubble glass has a density of 7.6 lbs. / ft. 3 It has a density of less than 7.5 lbs. / ft. In certain exemplary embodiments, bubble glass has a density of 7.5 lbs. / ft. 3 It has a density of less than 7.4 lbs. / ft. In certain exemplary embodiments, bubble glass has a density of 7.4 lbs. / ft. 3 It has a density of less than . Those skilled in the art will understand that the greater the difference between the density of the bubble glass and the density of the fuel, the greater the buoyancy of the bubble glass system within the system.

[0027] Bubble glass can be in block, sheet, or flat forms, and in certain cases, tapered configurations. Typically, individual blocks are a few feet or less in length or width and 12 inches or less in thickness.

[0028] Figure 4 shows an exemplary bubble glass block for use in a PFS system according to the general concept of the present invention. As can be seen from this figure, the block 40 includes a top surface 41, a bottom surface 42, opposing sides 43 and 44, and opposing end faces 45 and 46 (not shown). In this figure, a tapered top surface is shown, tapering from the apex along the length of the top surface (i.e., a portion of the top surface tapers downward from the midline toward the sides), but those skilled in the art will understand that various shapes are conceivable and within the scope of the general concept of the present invention (e.g., pyramidal shapes tapering from a high point on one or the other, non-tapered, rounded shapes, etc.). An important feature of the block (and the corresponding PFS system) is that the inclined / tapered design allows for discharge from the top surface to the bottom of the block / system. The inclined / tapered discharge design is effective not only for environmental conditions such as rain, but also for situations where flammable liquids leak onto the top surface of the block. The tapered configuration of the block allows leaked flammable liquid to flow more easily downwards, eventually reaching the bottom of the bubble glass, which in turn causes the PFS system to float on the liquid due to the buoyancy of the bubble glass. In this application, tapered means a configuration in which two surfaces are sloped downwards from a midline having an upper height, which may be defined, for example, by another side or bottom of the block / segment.

[0029] The bubble glass block is covered on at least one of its top and bottom surfaces (in certain cases, both the top and bottom surfaces of the block), and this covering includes at least one integrated connector flange 47. The covering material may include any material, such as metal. Exemplary metals suitable for use as the covering material described herein include aluminum and / or stainless steel. In certain exemplary embodiments, the covering is formed from 316 stainless steel. In certain exemplary embodiments, the stainless steel covering has a gauge of about 0.16”. The metal covering is non-flammable, allowing workers to walk on the surface and creating a simple method for environmental protection.

[0030] Bubble glass blocks may include a surface coating / film on one or more surfaces or faces of the block to improve weather resistance, adhesion to the covering, and fire suppression. In some exemplary embodiments, each surface and face of the bubble glass block is coated with a surface coating / film. Such coatings or films may include, for example, silicon, UV-resistant polymers, and / or expandable materials. In certain exemplary embodiments, the coating or film includes a silicon material, which acts as an environmental barrier and adheres the covering to the bubble glass block when positioned between the covering and the glass.

[0031] In the embodiment shown in Figure 4, the covering includes a first integrated connector flange and a second integrated connector flange 47. As can be seen, the connector flanges are adapted to mechanically interlock with the corresponding connector flanges of adjacent blocks. As seen in Figure 4, the integrated connector flange 47 interlocks with opposing flanges (in this specification, one facing upward and the other downward with respect to the top surface of the block), but not with integrated connector flanges of the same configuration / positioning. In certain embodiments, this is achieved by positioning the first integrated connector flange at a different height on the block than the second integrated connector flange (e.g., higher than the horizontal axis). In the embodiment of Figure 4, the downward-facing integrated connector flange is positioned slightly higher than the upward-facing integrated connector flange.

[0032] Figure 5 shows an exemplary embodiment in which adjacent bubble glass blocks interlock with integrated connector flanges. As can be seen, the bubble glass blocks 50 are mechanically interlocked by the overlap of the integrated connector flanges 57a, 57b. In this way, the blocks can be arranged in rows within the reservoir and interlocked to form a PFS system. In certain embodiments, the integrated connector flanges 57a, b may extend a portion of the length of the side surface, including the entire length of the side surface of the bubble glass block, including the entire length of the covering material. In certain exemplary embodiments, the flanges may have a height of less than 1 inch, including a height of about 3 / 8 to 3 / 4 inches. In certain exemplary embodiments, the flanges may have a width of about 1 inch (i.e., the distance from the side of the covering to the end of the flange), including a width of about 1 / 2 inch to about 1 inch or more.

[0033] As illustrated in Figure 5, the integrated connector flange according to the present disclosure is used to create a gap 61 between two adjacent bubble glass blocks. It is important to keep the gap width to a minimum and to maintain a relatively constant width between each adjacent bubble glass block in the system. In some exemplary embodiments, the gap between two adjacent bubble glass blocks is at least 0.25 inches, and includes, for example, at least 0.5 inches, 0.75 inches, 0.9 inches, 1.0 inches, 1.25 inches, 1.5 inches, and at least 1.75 inches. In some exemplary embodiments, the gap between two adjacent bubble glass blocks is between 0.25 inches and 5 inches, and includes, for example, 0.6 inches to 4.0 inches, 0.8 inches to 3.5 inches, 0.9 inches to 3.25 inches, 1.0 inches to 3.0 inches, 1.25 inches to 2.75 inches, and 1.5 inches to 2.5 inches. Surprisingly, it was discovered that maintaining a gap of 0.25 to 3.5 inches between two adjacent bubble glass blocks provides the essential balance between desirable barrier properties and the flexibility of the system's materials.

[0034] The interlocking of integrated connector flanges serves two purposes: reducing installation time by eliminating the need for mechanical fasteners to restrain the lateral movement of adjacent blocks relative to each other, and increasing the overall strength of the system. Figure 6 shows an enlarged view of an integrated connector flange (e.g., the integrated connector flange 57a in Figure 5). In the embodiment shown in Figure 6B, a portion of the covering positioned on the top surface 67a of the bubble glass block (not shown) folds together with a portion of the covering positioned on the bottom surface 67b of the bubble glass block. Thus, since the flange is composed of at least two layers, the strength of the flange is greatly improved, and consequently, the strength of the entire system is improved. In certain embodiments, corresponding but opposing integrated connector flanges can be formed on opposing sides of the bubble glass block. In this way, the integrated connector flange forms a seam along the bubble glass block.

[0035] Figure 7 shows one embodiment in which the integrated connector flange is formed at a substantially horizontal joint. That is, the coverings from the material positioned on the top surface 77a and the material positioned on the bottom surface 77b are folded together to form an integrated connector flange that is substantially parallel to the bottom surface and / or perpendicular to the side surface of the bubble glass block. Figure 7B shows one embodiment of mechanical interlocking between a substantially horizontal first integrated connector flange and a substantially horizontal second integrated connector flange on an adjacent bubble glass block. While both substantially vertical and substantially horizontal interconnections have been shown in the embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that interconnections at various angles between adjacent flanges are conceivable and covered by the general concepts of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 8 shows a top view of an integrated connector flange 87 relating to the general concept of the present invention. In certain embodiments, the integrated connector flange includes discharge holes 88 along the length of the flange. These can be incorporated regardless of the arrangement / shape of the integrated connector flange. The number and location of the discharge holes may vary depending on the specific design of the PFS system. In certain embodiments, the discharge holes are located only at both ends of a portion of the length of the integrated connector flange. In certain embodiments, the flange includes multiple discharge holes located at both ends of substantially the entire length of the integrated connector flange. When installed, the discharge holes may be positioned to substantially overlap with the discharge holes of the integrated connector flange of the corresponding adjacent bubble glass block. In certain embodiments, the discharge holes may be positioned to partially overlap, or substantially not overlap, with the discharge holes of the integrated connector flange of the adjacent bubble glass block.

[0037] Figure 9A shows a perspective view of a bubble glass block 90 according to an exemplary embodiment of the general concept of the present invention. The block includes a metal covering positioned on the top surface 91 and bottom surface 92 of the block, extending over the sides, although in this embodiment the end face 95 does not include the covering. The top and bottom coverings are formed within an integrated connector flange 97a and 97b, which may also include an exhaust hole 98 formed through it. Figure 9B is an enlarged view of the integrated connector flange 97 with the exhaust hole 98 of Figure 9A.

[0038] Figure 10 shows a perspective view of a series of coated bubble glass blocks positioned in a reservoir to form a PFS system. The integrated connector flanges of adjacent bubble glass blocks are interlocked row by row. In certain embodiments, the rows of bubble glass blocks in the PFS system may be arranged such that the seams between adjacent blocks do not overlap row by row. Similarly, Figure 11 shows rows of interlocked bubble glass blocks according to an exemplary embodiment of the general concept of the present invention. The blocks are arranged in a reservoir as part of the PFS system.

[0039] Figure 12 shows a perspective view of a bubble glass block 120 according to an exemplary embodiment of the general concept of the present invention. The block includes a metal covering positioned on the top surface 121 and bottom surface 122 of the block, extending over the sides, although in this embodiment the end face 125 does not include the covering. The top and bottom coverings are formed within integrated connector flanges 127a and 127b (illustrated herein as flanges substantially horizontal to the bottom surface of the block). The flanges may also include discharge holes 128 formed through them.

[0040] Figure 13 shows a perspective view of a series of coated bubble glass blocks according to the embodiment shown in Figure 12, positioned in the reservoir floor to form a PFS system. The integrated connector flanges of adjacent bubble glass blocks are interlocked row by row. As can be seen from this figure, the discharge hole 138 of the first integrated connector flange of the first coated bubble glass block is positioned to substantially overlap with the discharge hole of the adjacent bubble glass block. In a particular embodiment, the rows of bubble glass blocks of the PFS may be arranged such that the seams between adjacent blocks do not overlap row by row.

[0041] In some cases, it is desirable to further strengthen the connections between individual cellular blocks and between block rows in a PFS. For example, a PFS positioned within a reservoir is exposed to wind and rain. The reservoir may be positioned to receive, for example, a flow of LNG from a tank, and is therefore also exposed to rain and the resulting runoff. In even more severe weather, the reservoir may receive a large amount of rain or runoff, which may cause individual blocks to move out of the intended position of the PFS. If this occurs, it is necessary to initiate repairs to reposition the blocks in order to maintain the integrity and firefighting properties of the PFS. Therefore, it may be desirable to provide means (e.g., fasteners) to further reinforce the connections between blocks and between rows of the PFS. Figure 14 is a side perspective view showing an embodiment of a PFS positioned within a reservoir, in which fasteners 149 are inserted into the discharge holes 148 of adjacent coated bubble glass blocks according to the general concept of the present invention. As can be seen from this figure, each fastener (e.g., a pin) is positioned to fit within the overlapping portion of the discharge holes 148 of adjacent blocks 140. In this embodiment, the fastener is inserted through the discharge hole at the outermost edge of the flange 147. The pin is also inserted near the center of one block to align with the outermost discharge hole of the block in an adjacent row. Those skilled in the art will understand that various different numbers and arrangements of pins and pin configurations are conceivable, while still within the scope of the general concept of the present invention, provided that the pin arrangement does not impede or substantially interfere with the proper functioning of the PFS (e.g., obstruction of discharge).

[0042] Furthermore, if the interlocking or mounting method employs a PFS system including reinforcing fasteners, the method further includes mounting at least one reinforcing fastener. In a particular embodiment, the method may include aligning adjacent bubble glass blocks (for example, so that they overlap in adjacent rows) and positioning at least one reinforcing fastener in the discharge holes of the first bubble glass block and the second bubble glass block so that the pins pass through the respective holes. In a particular embodiment, this step may be repeated to connect a plurality of bubble glass blocks, including connecting each bubble glass block to at least one other bubble glass block.

[0043] Figure 15 shows one embodiment of a pin relating to the general concept of the present invention. The pin 159 has a first diameter d along the cylindrical portion 151, which is smaller than the diameter of the discharge hole of the connector flange. The top of the pin also includes a head having a diameter d2 larger than the diameter of the discharge hole to prevent the pin from falling out of the discharge hole. In this embodiment, the pin 159 also includes a lower portion 152 having a tapered frustoconical shape that narrows from d to d3. This tapered shape assists in attaching the pin to the PFS. Those skilled in the art will understand that various different shapes and sizes of fasteners (e.g., pins) are conceivable, while still within the scope of the general concept of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 16 is a top view of a passive fire suppression system relating to a general concept of the present invention. The PFS includes a plurality of individual coated bubble glass blocks 160 arranged in overlapping rows. The coating of the bubble glass blocks includes connector flanges 167 on two sides of each block. Each flange includes a series of discharge holes 168. In this embodiment, the blocks are positioned such that the discharge hole of one coated bubble glass block overlaps with the discharge hole of an adjacent coated bubble glass block. Inside the holes are fasteners 169 (e.g., pins) for reinforcing the connections between individual coated bubble glass blocks and between rows.

[0045] In certain exemplary embodiments, the passive fire suppression system further includes a support structure on the underside of the bubble glass block. The support structure can take various forms and function to create a gap between the bottom of the bubble glass block and the floor of the pit / reservoir, allowing liquid hydrocarbons to flow. In certain exemplary embodiments, the support structure can take the form of a block, pipe, and / or channel and is positioned between the block and the reservoir. In certain exemplary embodiments, this support can be attached to the block itself or otherwise integrated. In one such embodiment, the support structure includes a screw inserted into the bottom side of the bubble glass block, with part of the screw(s) extending from the block. In certain embodiments, it is convenient to maintain this space beneath the bubble glass block to allow the flow / discharge of liquid hydrocarbons into the system in order to further prevent / suppress the fire.

[0046] Unless otherwise specified, or unless the context in which the reference is made suggests a clear contradiction, all references to singular characteristics or limitations in this disclosure include the corresponding plural characteristics or limitations, and vice versa.

[0047] Unless otherwise specified, or unless the context in which the combinations mentioned are performed suggests a clear contradiction, all combinations of methods or process steps used herein may be performed in any order.

[0048] All ranges and parameters disclosed herein, without limitation, including percentages, parts, and ratios, are understood to encompass all arbitrary subranges and numerical values ​​between endpoints that are assumed and included therein. For example, a range described as "1 to 10" is understood to include all arbitrary subranges (including those between a minimum value of 1 and a maximum value of 10). That is, all subranges starting from a minimum value of 1 or greater (e.g., 1 to 6.1) and ending with a maximum value of 10 or less (e.g., 2.3 to 9.4, 3 to 8, 4 to 7), and finally, each numerical value within that range, from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, to 10.

[0049] The bubble glass compositions and corresponding methods of this disclosure may consist of, or be essentially composed of, the essential elements and limitations of this disclosure described herein, as well as any additional or any additional components, elements, or limitations described herein or that would be useful in the applications of the bubble glass compositions.

[0050] Wherever the terms “include,” “includes,” or “including” are used in this specification or in the claims, these terms are intended to be inclusive in the same way as the term “comprising” is interpreted when used as a provisional term in the claims. Furthermore, wherever the term “or” is used (e.g., A or B), it is intended to mean “A or B, or both A and B.” If the applicant intends to indicate “only A or B, but not both,” the term “only A or B but not both” is adopted. Thus, the use of the term “or” in this specification is inclusive, not exclusive. In this disclosure, the words “a” or “an” are to be understood as including both singular and plural forms. On the other hand, references to multiple items are to be including the singular form, where appropriate.

[0051] In some embodiments, it is conceivable that various inventive concepts may be combined and utilized. Furthermore, any particular element cited as relating to a specifically disclosed embodiment shall be construed as being available for use in all disclosed embodiments, provided that incorporating that particular element does not conflict with the express conditions of the embodiment. Further advantages and modifications will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. Thus, in its broadest form, this disclosure is not limited to the specific details, representative apparatus, or exemplary embodiments presented herein. Accordingly, such details may be deviated from without departing from the spirit or scope of the general concept of the invention.

[0052] While the present invention has been illustrated and described in detail in the drawings and the preceding description, these are illustrative and not restrictive. It should be understood that only exemplary embodiments are shown and described, and it is desirable that all changes and modifications within the spirit of the invention be protected.

Claims

1. A coated bubble glass block, A bubble glass block, approximately 15 lbs. / ft ３ Having a density of less than , the bubble glass block includes a top surface, a bottom surface, two opposing sides, and two opposing end faces, A covered bubble glass block comprising a covering material positioned on at least one of the top surface and bottom surface of the bubble glass block, wherein the covering material includes at least one integrated connector flange adapted to connect the covered bubble glass block to an adjacent covered bubble glass block.

2. The coated bubble glass block according to claim 1, wherein the coating material is positioned on both the top surface and the bottom surface of the bubble glass block, and the coating material positioned on the top surface contacts the coating material on the bottom surface to form the integrated connector flange.

3. The integrated connector flange includes at least one discharge hole, as described in claim 1, for the coated bubble glass block.

4. Furthermore, the coated bubble glass block according to claim 3 includes at least one fastener positioned within at least one discharge hole.

5. The coated bubble glass block according to claim 1, wherein the coating material includes a metal.

6. The coated bubble glass block according to claim 1, wherein the coating material includes stainless steel.

7. The coated bubble glass block according to claim 1, wherein the top surface includes a tapered surface.

8. The coated bubble glass block according to claim 7, wherein the top surface is tapered from the apex passing through the length of the top surface.

9. The coated bubble glass block according to claim 7, wherein the coating material is positioned on the top surface and has a shape substantially conforming to the tapered top surface.

10. Furthermore, the coated bubble glass block according to claim 1, further comprising a surface coating on at least one surface of the block.

11. The aforementioned bubble glass block is 3 lbs. / ft ３ ~15lbs. / ft ３ A coated bubble glass block according to claim 1, having the density of [a certain value].

12. The aforementioned bubble glass block is 7 lbs. / ft ３ ~8 lbs / ft ３ A coated bubble glass block according to claim 1, having the density of [a certain value].

13. Multiple connected bubble glass blocks, Multiple bubble glass blocks, each block weighing 15 lbs. / ft ３ A plurality of bubble glass blocks having a density of less than 1, including a top surface, a bottom surface, two opposing sides, and two opposing end faces, A first covering material positioned on at least one of the top surface and bottom surface of the first bubble glass block, wherein the covering material includes a first integrated connector flange and a second integrated connector flange, A plurality of interconnected bubble glass blocks, comprising a second covering material positioned on at least one of the top and bottom surfaces of the second bubble glass block, the covering material including a second integrated connector flange and a first integrated connector flange, wherein the first integrated connector flange of the first bubble glass block is adapted to be mechanically interlocked with the second integrated connector flange of the second bubble glass block, but not with the first integrated connector flange of the second block.

14. A plurality of connected bubble glass blocks according to claim 13, comprising at least 10 bubble glass blocks.

15. A plurality of connected bubble glass blocks according to claim 13, comprising at least 100 bubble glass blocks.

16. A passive fire extinguishing system comprising a plurality of bubble glass blocks positioned within a reservoir, each block having a capacity of 15 lbs. / ft ３ Having a density of less than , each block comprises multiple bubble glass blocks, including a top surface, a bottom surface, opposing sides, and opposing end faces. A covering material positioned on at least one of the top surface and bottom surface of each bubble glass block, the covering material comprising a first integrated connector flange and a second integrated connector flange, the integrated connector flange being adapted to connect the bubble glass blocks of the first row to the bubble glass blocks of the adjacent row. A passive fire extinguishing system in which the first integrated connector flange of the first bubble glass block is mechanically interlocked with the second integrated connector flange of the second bubble glass block, but is configured not to be mechanically interlocked with the first integrated connector flange of the second bubble glass block.

17. The passive fire extinguishing system according to claim 16, wherein the covering material is positioned on both the top surface and the bottom surface of the bubble glass block, and the covering material positioned on the top surface contacts the covering material on the bottom surface to form the integrated connector flange.

18. The passive fire extinguishing system according to claim 16, wherein the integrated connector flange includes at least one discharge port.

19. The passive fire extinguishing system according to claim 18, further comprising at least one reinforcing fastener positioned within at least one discharge hole of the first coated bubble glass block and passing through the discharge hole of the second coated bubble glass block.

20. The passive fire extinguishing system according to claim 16, wherein the covering material includes a metal.

21. The passive fire extinguishing system according to claim 16, wherein the covering material includes stainless steel.

22. The passive fire extinguishing system according to claim 16, wherein the top surface includes a tapered surface.

23. The passive fire extinguishing system according to claim 22, wherein the top surface is tapered from the apex passing through the length of the top surface.

24. The passive fire extinguishing system according to claim 23, wherein the covering material is positioned on the top surface and has a shape substantially conforming to the tapered top surface.

25. Furthermore, the passive fire extinguishing system according to claim 23, further comprising a surface coating on at least one surface of the block.

26. The passive fire extinguishing system according to claim 25, wherein the surface coating adheres the covering material to the surface of the block.

27. A liquid hydrocarbon storage container, A reservoir volume and passive flame holding system defined by at least one container wall and container floor, The passive flame holding system includes a plurality of interlocking bubble glass blocks, each block having a capacity of 8 lbs. / ft. ３ Having a density of less than , each block includes a top surface, a bottom surface, opposing sides, and opposing end faces, comprising a reservoir volume and a passive flame holding system. A liquid hydrocarbon holding container comprising a stainless steel cladding material positioned on at least one of the top surface and bottom surface of each block, wherein the cladding material comprises a first integrated connector flange and a second integrated connector flange, the integrated connector flanges being adapted to connect adjacent bubble glass blocks to each other and maintain a gap between adjacent bubble glass blocks of 0.5 to 5.0 inches, and the first integrated connector flange being adapted to mechanically interlock with the second integrated connector flange of an adjacent block but not with the first integrated connector flange of an adjacent block.

28. A liquid hydrocarbon holding container according to claim 27, comprising at least 10 bubble glass blocks.

29. A plurality of connected bubble glass blocks according to claim 27, comprising at least 100 bubble glass blocks.

30. A method for interlocking adjacent bubble glass blocks, wherein the method is To provide a first bubble glass block, wherein the bubble glass block includes a top surface, a bottom surface, two opposing side surfaces, and two opposing end surfaces, To provide a second bubble glass block, wherein the bubble glass block includes a top surface, a bottom surface, two opposing side surfaces, and two opposing end surfaces, Positioning a covering material on at least one of the top surface and bottom surface of the first bubble glass block, wherein the covering material includes a first integrated connector flange and a second integrated connector flange, the integrated connector flange of the first bubble glass block being adapted to connect with the integrated connector flange of the second bubble glass block. The first integrated connector flange is mechanically interlocked with the second integrated connector flange of the second block, but is configured not to be mechanically interlocked with the first integrated connector flange of the second block. A method comprising positioning the first bubble glass block adjacent to the second bubble glass block such that the first integrated connector flange of the first bubble glass block interlocks with the second integrated connector flange of the second bubble glass block.

31. The method for interlocking adjacent bubble glass blocks according to claim 30, wherein the integrated connector flange includes at least one discharge hole, which positions at least one reinforcing fastener within at least one discharge hole of the first coated bubble glass block and passes through the discharge hole of the second coated bubble glass block.

32. A method for preventing the spread of fire and / or suppressing flames in a liquid hydrocarbon holding container, comprising a reservoir volume defined by at least one container wall and a container floor, wherein the method is: This includes positioning a passive flame holding system within the reservoir volume by linking multiple bubble glass blocks to define an area substantially corresponding to the area of ​​the container floor, The passive flame retention system is a plurality of interlocking cellular glass blocks, each block having a density of less than 8 lbs. / ft ３ and the cellular glass blocks include a plurality of interlocking cellular glass blocks having a top surface, a bottom surface, opposing side surfaces, and opposing end faces, and a stainless steel cladding material positioned on at least one of the top and bottom surfaces of the cellular glass blocks, The covering material includes a first integrated connector flange and a second integrated connector flange, wherein the integrated connector flanges are adapted to connect adjacent bubble glass blocks to each other, and the first integrated connector flange is adapted to mechanically interlock with the second integrated connector flange of an adjacent block, but not to mechanically interlock with the first integrated connector flange of an adjacent block. A method for positioning a first bubble glass block adjacent to a second bubble glass block such that the first integrated connector flange of the first bubble glass block interlocks with the second integrated connector flange of the second bubble glass block.

33. The fire prevention and / or flame suppression method according to claim 32, wherein the integrated connector flange includes at least one discharge hole, which positions at least one reinforcing fastener within at least one discharge hole of the first coated bubble glass block and passes through the discharge hole of the second coated bubble glass block.

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