Fabric material in which one or more beneficial agents are injected or impregnated, and a method for producing the same.

Abstract

Fabric compositions impregnated with beneficial agents are disclosed herein. The use of supercritical fluid (SCF) methods for impregnating fabric materials, such as apparel fabric materials, with beneficial agents (e.g., antimicrobial agents, antibacterial agents, etc.) is also disclosed herein.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for producing a fabric material such as an apparel fabric material having a base fabric material infused or impregnated with one or more beneficial agents.

Summary of the Invention

[0002] Disclosed herein is the use of a supercritical fluid (SCF) method to infuse or impregnate a fabric material such as an apparel fabric material with one or more beneficial agents (e.g., antibacterial agents, flexibility enhancing additives, elasticity enhancing additives, fabric strengthening additives, UV protection additives, etc.).

[0003] In some embodiments, a fabric composition such as an apparel fabric composition, the fabric composition comprising: a base fabric material having a surface portion and an inner portion; and a beneficial agent incorporated throughout the base fabric material, at least a portion of the inner portion of the base fabric material being impregnated with the beneficial agent.

[0004] In some embodiments, the base fabric material is a woven material, a mesh material, a foam material, a gel material, or a combination and laminate thereof.

[0005] In some embodiments, the base fabric material is a natural or natural-derived material. In some embodiments, the natural or natural-derived material is selected from cotton, linen, hemp, bamboo, silk, jute, ramie, coir, rayon, cellulose, recycled products thereof, and blends thereof.

[0006] In some embodiments, the base fabric material comprises a synthetic material, which may be selected as needed from polyester, nylon, acrylic, spandex, polyolefin, neoprene, fleece, microfiber, synthetic leather / suede, recycled materials thereof, and formulations thereof.

[0007] In some embodiments, the beneficial agent comprises an antibacterial agent. In some embodiments, the beneficial agent comprises a deodorant, a performance additive, or a combination thereof.

[0008] In some embodiments, the anti-infective agent is a quaternary ammonium salt. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt comprises a C12 or C14 alkyl chain. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt is neither benzalkonium chloride nor a polymeric quaternary ammonium salt. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt is C12-C14 alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt is C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt is C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride.

[0009] In some embodiments, the immunosuppressant is a calcineurin inhibitor. In some embodiments, the immunosuppressant is selected from the group consisting of cyclosporine, tacrolimus, and pimecrolimus. In some embodiments, the immunosuppressant is tacrolimus.

[0010] In some embodiments, the beneficial agent is unevenly impregnated throughout the apparel fabric material. In some embodiments, the beneficial agent is uniformly impregnated throughout the apparel fabric material.

[0011] In some embodiments, the beneficial agent is impregnated into at least 30% of the inner portion of the base fabric material. In some embodiments, the beneficial agent is impregnated into at least 50% of the inner portion of the base fabric material. In some embodiments, the beneficial agent is impregnated into at least 60% of the inner portion of the base fabric material. In some embodiments, the beneficial agent is impregnated into at least 70% of the inner portion of the base fabric material.

[0012] In some embodiments, the composition is prepared by a method comprising bringing the base fabric material and the beneficial agent into contact with supercritical fluid carbon dioxide (SCF-CO2) in an enclosure under high pressure, thereby enabling the beneficial agent to impregnate at least a portion of the inner portion of the base fabric material. In some embodiments, the method further comprises depressurizing the enclosure after impregnating at least a portion of the inner portion of the base fabric material with the beneficial agent.

[0013] In some embodiments, the base fabric material and beneficial agent are introduced into the enclosure, and then SCF-CO2 is introduced into the enclosure. The composition according to embodiment 36 or 37, wherein the beneficial agent and SCF-CO2 are mixed to form a mixture, and then the mixture is brought into contact with the base fabric material inside the enclosure. In some embodiments, the high pressure is about 500 psi to about 6000 psi.

[0014] In some embodiments, the high pressure is approximately 500 psi to approximately 2500 psi. In some embodiments, the high pressure is approximately 1000 psi to approximately 2500 psi. In some embodiments, the high pressure is approximately 1000 psi to approximately 2000 psi. In some embodiments, the high pressure is approximately 1500 psi to approximately 2000 psi. In some embodiments, the temperature inside the enclosure is approximately 15°C to approximately 60°C. In some embodiments, the temperature inside the enclosure is approximately 30°C to approximately 55°C. In some embodiments, the temperature inside the enclosure is approximately 40°C to approximately 50°C. In some embodiments, the base fabric material comprises decellularized tissue.

[0015] In some embodiments, the high pressure is approximately 2500 psi to approximately 6000 psi. In some embodiments, the high pressure is approximately 3000 psi to approximately 6000 psi. In some embodiments, the high pressure is approximately 3000 psi to approximately 5000 psi. In some embodiments, the high pressure is approximately 4000 psi to approximately 5000 psi. In some embodiments, the temperature inside the enclosure is approximately 60°C to approximately 160°C. In some embodiments, the temperature inside the enclosure is approximately 80°C to approximately 150°C. In some embodiments, the temperature inside the enclosure is approximately 110°C to approximately 130°C. In some embodiments, the base fabric material comprises polypropylene.

[0016] In some embodiments, the contact between the base fabric material and the beneficial agent and SCF-CO2 is carried out for a period of time from about 1 minute to about 24 hours. In some embodiments, the contact between the base fabric material and the beneficial agent and SCF-CO2 is carried out for a period of time from about 5 minutes to about 10 hours. In some embodiments, the contact between the base fabric material and the beneficial agent and SCF-CO2 is carried out for a period of time from about 5 minutes to about 8 hours.

[0017] In some embodiments, a method for preparing a fabric composition, such as an apparel fabric composition, is disclosed herein, comprising: (i) introducing the base fabric material, which includes a surface portion and an inner portion, into an enclosure; (ii) allowing supercritical fluid carbon dioxide (SCF-CO2) to flow into the enclosure and come into contact with the base fabric material under high pressure in the presence of a beneficial agent; and (iii) impregnating at least a portion of the inner portion of the base fabric material with the beneficial agent, and then reducing the pressure inside the enclosure.

[0018] In some embodiments, after the base fabric material and beneficial agent are introduced into the enclosure, SCF-CO2 is introduced into the enclosure. In some embodiments, the beneficial agent and SCF-CO2 are mixed to form a mixture, which is then brought into contact with the base fabric material within the enclosure. In some embodiments, the high pressure is approximately 500 psi to approximately 6000 psi.

[0019] In some embodiments, the high pressure is approximately 500 psi to approximately 2500 psi. In some embodiments, the high pressure is approximately 1000 psi to approximately 2500 psi. In some embodiments, the high pressure is approximately 1000 psi to approximately 2000 psi. In some embodiments, the high pressure is approximately 1500 psi to approximately 2000 psi. In some embodiments, the temperature inside the enclosure is approximately 15°C to approximately 60°C during contact. In some embodiments, the temperature inside the enclosure is approximately 30°C to approximately 55°C during contact. In some embodiments, the temperature inside the enclosure is approximately 40°C to approximately 50°C during contact. In some embodiments, the base fabric material comprises decellularized tissue.

[0020] In some embodiments, the high pressure is approximately 2500 psi to approximately 6000 psi. In some embodiments, the high pressure is approximately 3000 psi to approximately 6000 psi. In some embodiments, the high pressure is approximately 3000 psi to approximately 5000 psi. In some embodiments, the high pressure is approximately 4000 psi to approximately 5000 psi. In some embodiments, the temperature inside the enclosure is approximately 60°C to approximately 160°C during contact. In some embodiments, the temperature inside the enclosure is approximately 80°C to approximately 150°C during contact. In some embodiments, the temperature inside the enclosure is approximately 110°C to approximately 130°C during contact. In some embodiments, the base fabric material comprises polypropylene.

[0021] In some embodiments, the contact between the base fabric material and the beneficial agent and SCF-CO2 is carried out for a period of time from about 1 minute to about 24 hours. In some embodiments, the contact between the base fabric material and the beneficial agent and SCF-CO2 is carried out for a period of time from about 5 minutes to about 10 hours. In some embodiments, the contact between the base fabric material and the beneficial agent and SCF-CO2 is carried out for a period of time from about 5 minutes to about 8 hours.

[0022] In some embodiments, contact of SCF-CO2 with the base fabric material is carried out in the presence of the beneficial agent and solvent. In some embodiments, the solvent and beneficial agent are mixed before contact of SCF-CO2 with the base fabric material. In some embodiments, the solvent and SCF-CO2 are mixed in the presence of the beneficial agent before contact of SCF-CO2 with the base fabric material. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0023] [Figure 1], a non-limiting embodiment of the method according to the present disclosure is shown in a schematic diagram. In this embodiment, after mixing the supercritical fluid (1) with the beneficial agent (the "additive") and optionally a solvent, it is introduced into the enclosure (3). The enclosure may include a mesh cage (5) that supports the base fabric material (5) therein. After injecting or impregnating the beneficial agent into the base fabric material, the pressure is released from the port (6). [Figure 2] A photograph of a non-limiting embodiment of a process apparatus assembly, showing a supercritical fluid carbon dioxide source (cylinder), an enclosure with a pressure gauge autoclave, and a heating controller / temperature gauge (far right). [Figure 3] A photograph of the process apparatus assembly of FIG. 2 during operation. [Figure 4] A photograph of the enclosure (top view). [Figure 5] A microscopic view of a polyester mesh fabric before injection / impregnation is shown. [Figure 6] A microscopic view of a polyester mesh fabric before injection / impregnation is shown. [Figure 7] A microscopic view of a polyester mesh fabric impregnated with a dark textile dye and optionally a beneficial agent using the method disclosed herein is shown. [Figure 8] a microscopic view of a polyester mesh fabric impregnated with a dark textile dye and optionally a beneficial agent using the method disclosed herein is shown. [Figure 8] [Figure 9] The injection / impregnation of the beneficial agent (EQ12) into a shoe part is shown. [Figure 10] The injection / impregnation of the beneficial agent (EQ12) into a shoe part is shown. [Figure 11] The injection / impregnation of the beneficial agent (EQ12) into a shoe part is shown. [Figure 12] The injection / impregnation of the beneficial agent (EQ12) into an entire shoe is shown. [Figure 13] The injection / impregnation of the beneficial agent (EQ12) into an entire shoe is shown. [Figure 14] This shows the injection / impregnation of the beneficial agent (EQ12) into the entire shoe. [Figure 15] This shows the infusion of beneficial agent (EQ12) into cotton fabric. [Figure 16] This shows the infusion of beneficial agent (EQ12) into cotton fabric. [Figure 17] This shows the infusion of beneficial agent (EQ12) into cotton fabric. Detailed description of the invention

[0024] Detailed explanation The present invention will be described in more detail below. This specification is not intended to be a detailed catalog of all different ways in which the present invention can be carried out, or all features that may be added to the present invention. For example, features illustrated in relation to one embodiment may be incorporated into other embodiments, and features illustrated in relation to a particular embodiment may be omitted from that embodiment. In addition, numerous variations and additions of the various embodiments suggested herein will be obvious to those skilled in the art in light of this disclosure, which does not depart from the present invention. Accordingly, this specification below is intended to illustrate some specific embodiments of the present invention and does not exhaustively describe all modifications, combinations, and variations thereof.

[0025] Specific definition The molded articles used herein include, but are not limited to, fabric products, apparel (such as sportswear), and others.

[0026] As used herein, “treatment” refers to any type of treatment or prevention that provides an effect to a person suffering from or at risk of developing a disease, including improving the condition of the subject (e.g., one or more symptoms), slowing the progression of the disease, delaying the onset of symptoms, or slowing the progression of symptoms. Thus, the term “treatment” also includes preventive measures taken by a person to prevent the onset of symptoms. As used herein, “treatment” and “prevention” do not necessarily imply a cure or complete eradication of any type of treatment that provides an effect to a person suffering from a disease, including improving the condition of the patient (e.g., one or more symptoms), slowing the progression of the disease, etc.

[0027] As used herein, “base fabric material” refers to any natural, naturally derived, processed, or synthetic material that forms the structural base of the fabric. As used herein, “base fabric material” may also refer to a chemical substance or a three-dimensional structure formed by a chemical substance, in which case the base fabric material will have surface and interior portions.

[0028] As used herein, the term “antibiotic” refers to a compound that inhibits the growth, spread, or proliferation of a microorganism, or that kills a microorganism. Appropriate “antibiotic” includes antibacterial agents (effective against bacteria), antiviral agents (effective against viruses), antifungal agents (effective against fungi), antiprotozoal agents (effective against protists), and / or antiparasitic agents against any classification of microbial parasites. “Antibiotic” may act by any appropriate mechanism against microorganisms, including being toxic or inhibiting cell growth.

[0029] As used herein, “activity” refers to the ability of a pharmaceutical or active biological agent to prevent or treat a disease (for example, disease prevention, i.e., preventing the development of clinical symptoms of a disease; disease suppression, i.e., inhibiting the progression of clinical symptoms, and / or disease mitigation, i.e., regression of clinical symptoms, meaning the treatment of a disease in mammals). Therefore, the activity of a pharmaceutical or active biological agent must have therapeutic or preventive value.

[0030] As used herein, “polymer” refers to a series of repeating monomer units that are crosslinked or polymerized. Any suitable polymer can be used in the present invention. The polymer of the present invention may comprise two, three, four or more different polymers. In some preferred embodiments, only one polymer of the present invention is used. In some preferred embodiments, a combination of two polymers is used. The combination of polymers can be in various ratios to provide a polymer portion of the composite material of the present invention, which includes a plasticizing polymer that forms a matrix with isolated intervals for the drug. In addition to these roles in forming the matrix of the present invention, polymers can be used as coatings of the composite material of the present invention. By selecting suitable polymers, composite materials having a variety of properties can be formed. Those skilled in polymer chemistry will be familiar with the different properties of polymer compounds. As used herein, “polymer” refers to an organic polymer and also includes copolymers of a particular polymer with other components. In some embodiments, such as in the preparation of a drug depot or drug delivery device, the polymer is preferably an absorbable and / or reabsorbable polymer. In other embodiments, the polymer is preferably non-reabsorbable and biocompatible. Examples of polymers that can be used in the present invention include, but are not limited to, polycarboxylic acids, cellulose polymers, proteins, polypeptides, polyvinylpyrrolidone, maleic anhydride polymers, polyamides, polyvinyl alcohols, polyethylene oxides, glycosaminoglycans, polysaccharides, polyesters, polyurethanes, polystyrenes, copolymers, silicones, polyorthoesters, polyanhydrides, copolymers of vinyl monomers, polycarbonates, polyethylenes, polypropylenes, polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, polycaprolactones, polyhydroxybutyrate valerate copolymers, polyacrylamides, polyethers, polyurethane dispersions, polyacrylates, acrylic latex dispersions, polyacrylic acid, mixtures thereof, and copolymers thereof.The polymers of the present invention may be of natural or synthetic origin and include gelatin, chitosan, dextrin, cyclodextrin, polyurethane, polysiloxane or silicone, polyacrylates such as polymethyl methacrylate, polybutyl methacrylate, and poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate), polyolefins such as polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene, halogenated polymers such as polyisoprene and polytetrafluoroethylene, and derivatives and copolymers of those commonly sold as Teflon® products, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylamide, poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate), polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polymethacrylic acid; and others. Suitable polymers include absorbent and / or reabsorbent polymers, including the following, or combinations thereof, copolymers, and derivatives: polylactic acid (PLA), polyglycolic acid (PGA), poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), polyanhydrides, polyorthoesters, poly(N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide), poly(1-aspartamide), and others.

[0031] To carry out the present invention, suitable polymers such as, but are not limited to, any of the following: natural and synthetic polymers, polyacrylates such as gelatin, chitosan, dextrin, cyclodextrin, polyurethane, polysiloxane or silicone, polymethyl methacrylate, polybutyl methacrylate, and poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate), polyolefins such as polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene, halogenated polymers such as polyisoprene and polytetrafluoroethylene, and derivatives and copolymers of products commonly sold as Teflon® products, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylamide, poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate), polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, and polymethacrylic acid; may be preferably used. Suitable polymers include absorbent and / or reabsorbent polymers, including the following, as well as combinations, copolymers, and derivatives: polylactic acid (PLA), polyglycolic acid (PGA), poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), polyanhydrides, polyorthoesters, poly(N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide), poly(1-aspartamide), and others.

[0032] As used herein, “supercritical fluid,” “near-critical fluid,” “critical fluid,” “high-density fluid,” or “high-density gas” refers to a substance under pressure higher than environmental conditions, having a density greater than 0.4 g / cc, but exhibiting gas mobility, i.e., a liquid-like density where the pressure and temperature exceed the critical point (the temperature and pressure at which the densities of the liquid and gas phases are equal). Examples of near-critical fluids include fluids that are in a gaseous state at standard temperature and pressure (STP) and have a critical density greater than 0.2 g / cc. See, for example, U.S. Patents 6,860,123; 6,837,611; and 6,755,871. Examples of substances exhibiting supercritical or near-critical behavior suitable for the present invention include, but are not limited to, carbon dioxide, ammonia, water, methanol, ethanol, ethane, propane, butane, pentane, dimethyl ether, xenon, sulfur hexafluoride, chlorofluorocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons (perfluoromethane and perfluoropropane, chloroform, trichloro-fluoromethane, dichloro-difluoromethane, dichloro-tetrafluoroethane), halogenated and partially halogenated substances, and mixtures thereof. Carbon dioxide is preferred. For high-density carbon dioxide, conditions including a temperature of 0°C to 100°C and a pressure of 30 psig to 10,000 psig are preferred.

[0033] As used herein, “enclosure” refers to a container that can be isolated from the outside atmosphere and therefore may have a temperature and pressure significantly different from the outside atmosphere.

[0034] When used herein, the term “effective dose” or “therapeutic effective dose” refers to a sufficient amount of beneficial agent released from an implant material that is expected to alleviate, to some extent, one or more symptoms of a disease or condition being treated. For example, the result of the release of beneficial agents from an implant material disclosed herein is a reduction and / or mitigation of signs, symptoms, or causes of infection. For example, “effective dose” for therapeutic use is the amount of beneficial agent, including the formulation disclosed herein, necessary to provide a reduction or improvement of the symptoms of a disease without excessive adverse side effects. The term “therapeutic effective dose” includes, for example, a prophylactic effective dose. “Effective dose” of beneficial agent released from an implant material disclosed herein is the amount effective in obtaining the desired pharmacological effect or therapeutic improvement without excessive adverse side effects. It is understood that, in some embodiments, “effective dose” or “therapeutic effective dose” will vary from subject to subject, depending on variations in the metabolism of the administered compound, the subject’s age, weight, general condition, the condition being treated, the severity of the condition being treated, and the judgment of the prescribing physician. Furthermore, it is understood that the "effective dose" in sustained-release formulations may differ from the "effective dose" in immediate-release formulations, based on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic considerations.

[0035] The terms “enhance” or “to augment” refer to an increase or extension of the intensity or duration of the desired effect of a beneficial drug, or a reduction of any adverse signs. For example, with reference to the enhancement of the effect of a beneficial drug disclosed herein, the term “to augment” refers to the ability to enhance or extend the intensity or duration of the effect of another therapeutic agent used in combination with the beneficial drug disclosed herein. As used herein, “enhancement effective dose” refers to the amount of the beneficial drug or other therapeutic agent that is sufficient to enhance the effect of another therapeutic agent or beneficial drug in the desired system. When used in a patient, the effective dose for this use will depend on the severity and course of the disease, disorder or condition, the patient’s treatment history, the patient’s health status and response to the drug, and the judgment of the treating physician.

[0036] Base fabric material The base fabric materials according to this disclosure include natural, naturally derived, processed, or synthetic materials that form the structural base of fabrics such as apparel fabrics. In some embodiments, the base fabric material is a fabric material, a mesh material, a foam material, a gel material, or a combination thereof and a laminate.

[0037] In some embodiments, fibrous material is fabricated into elongated members or wire-like elements, which are then woven to form a mesh network. In some embodiments, polymer filaments are further used together with elongated members or wire-like elements of metal to form a network mesh. In some embodiments, mesh networks fabricated from metal are joined by welding, twisting, bending, bonding, tying (using sutures), heat-sealing each other, or by any method known in the art.

[0038] In some embodiments, the surface of a fabric, such as an apparel fabric, is textured. In some embodiments, the textured surface allows for the application of an antimicrobial coating to the fabric, such as an apparel fabric. The fabric surface is uniformly textured with surface irregularities including pores (micropores), small depressions, protrusions, ridges, grooves (e.g., microgrooves), coarse irregularities (e.g., fine irregularities), surface granules, strips, ribs, channels, and ruts. The size of the micropores, small depressions, protrusions, ridges, grooves (e.g., microgrooves), coarse irregularities (e.g., fine irregularities), surface granules, strips, ribs, channels, and ruts can range from about 1 μm to about 2000 μm. In some embodiments, the above size ranges from about 10 μm to about 100 μm. In some embodiments, the implant surface has pores ranging from about 200 μm to about 2000 μm.

[0039] Synthetic and processed fabric materials In some embodiments, the base fabric material is a synthetic or processed material. In some embodiments, the natural or naturally derived material is selected from polyester, nylon, acrylic, spandex, polyolefin, neoprene, fleece, microfiber, synthetic leather / suede, recycled materials thereof, and formulations thereof.

[0040] polyester Polyester was another discovery by DuPont. It is now one of the most popular fabrics in the world, used in apparel and other applications. Due to its durability, strength, cost-effectiveness, and ease of maintenance, polyester fabric has become the fabric of choice for most fast fashion brands.

[0041] nylon Nylon is one of the most widely used synthetic fabrics; manufactured by DuPont as a substitute for silk, it has experienced unprecedented growth in use across all fabric sectors, including clothing, footwear, and more. Nylon fabrics are favored for their qualities such as strength, abrasion resistance, flexibility, quick-drying properties, water resistance, and others.

[0042] acrylic Acrylic, a fabric that closely resembles wool, is a purely synthetic fabric. Naturally, it is created as a substitute for wool. Acrylic wool yarn can be used for knitting, and acrylic clothing can be purchased at a fraction of the price of wool products. Its warmth and softness are comparable to wool. In fact, many wool garments purchased are likely made from acrylic. Due to its softness and striking resemblance to wool, the uninformed can easily be deceived. This specification provides further details about acrylic fabric.

[0043] spandex Spandex is a synthetic fabric made from highly elastic polyurethane. An alternative name for spandex is elastane. Spandex can be stretched up to 400% of its original length and springs back under the same conditions. Spandex is lightweight and allows moisture to wick away from the body. This fabric is a popular choice for sportswear, athletic wear, form-fitting clothing, swimwear, and other garments requiring flexibility. Most casual clothing today will have some amount of spandex fibers woven into the fabric.

[0044] olefin Olefin fibers are synthetic fibers made from polyolefins such as polypropylene or polyethylene. While not a common apparel fabric, olefins are widely used in home furnishings, rope making, and other applications. Their manufacturing process is environmentally friendly and recyclable, making them one of the most environmentally conscious synthetic fabrics. Olefins are strong, lightweight, durable, and available in a wide range of fabrics.

[0045] Neoprene This is a waterproof synthetic rubber (polychloroprene) used in the fabric industry. It was invented by DuPont in 1930 as a substitute for natural rubber. Neoprene is latex-free, extremely strong, waterproof, and resistant to damage from solvents, oils, weathering, and abrasion. It is used to manufacture bags, laptop sleeves, scuba wear, wetsuits, and sportswear.

[0046] Fleece Fleece is a synthetic insulating fabric typically made from a type of polyester called polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or other synthetic fibers. Fleece is very comfortable due to its lightweight and moisture-wicking properties, allowing moisture to evaporate while blocking moisture from the outside. Polyester fleece is a double-sided pile / brushed fabric made from polyester fibers. Microfleece is a very lightweight and soft synthetic knit fabric. Polyester fleece fabric is considered to have the insulating properties of wool.

[0047] Microfiber Microfiber is a synthetic fabric made from ultrafine threads such as acrylic, polyester, and nylon. Microfiber is about 1 / 20th the diameter of silk fibers, making it the finest of all natural fibers. Microfiber is used in the manufacture of clothing and footwear (e.g., linings).

[0048] Synthetic leather and suede Synthetic leather and suede are manufactured to replace expensive leather and suede and closely resemble the appearance of fur / leather / suede. Synthetic suede resembles suede leather. They are widely used to make accessories such as bags, shoes, belts, and other items, as well as clothing such as pants and jackets, at a much lower cost than leather / suede or fur. Synthetic leather has a polyurethane surface and a knitted or woven lining. Synthetic suede is made from a nylon / polyester blend yarn, and the fabric is then napped to obtain the appearance of suede.

[0049] Natural and naturally derived fabric materials In some embodiments, the base fabric material is a natural or naturally derived material. In some embodiments, the natural or naturally derived material is selected from cotton, linen, hemp, bamboo, silk, jute, ramie, coir, rayon, cellulose, recycled products thereof, and formulations thereof.

[0050] Natural, plant-based fabric fibers are derived from the hairs of seeds such as cotton; the leaves of plants such as sisal; the stems of plants such as linen; and some fibers are derived from the shells of plants such as coconuts. Below is a list of examples of natural and naturally derived fabric materials suitable for use in this disclosure.

[0051] cotton Cotton is pure cellulose that grows in balls around a plant species. It is the most widely used natural fabric fiber worldwide and undoubtedly the main player in the global textile industry. Two exceptional varieties of the highest quality are Egyptian cotton and Peruvian Pima.

[0052] Cotton is widely used in the fashion industry, in both flat fabrics and woven garments, and in household textile products. Cotton is used in combination with other natural and synthetic fibers such as rayon, polyester, spandex, and others.

[0053] Cotton fabrics are comfortable, very soft, and have good thermal conductivity and absorbency. These properties make them ideal for clothing that comes into close contact with the skin during both spring / summer and autumn / winter seasons. Cotton tends to shrink, wrinkle easily, and fade in color.

[0054] Koi Coir is a short, fuzzy fiber extracted from coconut shells. There are two types of coir: brown fibers derived from mature coconuts, and thin, white fibers derived from green, immature coconut shells.

[0055] White varieties of coir fibers are used to manufacture ropes and marine elements because they are resistant to seawater. Brown fibers are used to manufacture household fabrics and also in the automotive industry. In addition, geotextiles made from coir mesh have special properties such as resistance to sunlight and high water absorption, and are also 100% biodegradable.

[0056] hemp Hemp fiber is obtained from the stems of the plant. One of the most relevant characteristics of this plant is its ability to capture large amounts of carbon. Containing 70% cellulose, hemp has excellent thermal conductivity, absorbs dyes well, blocks UV light, is highly resistant to mold, and possesses natural antibacterial properties.

[0057] Recent developments in "cottonizing" hemp fibers have opened the door to a high-quality fashion market for this fiber. By weaving and braiding the longest hemp fibers, it is possible to create curly fabrics similar to linen used in the textile industry. Blends of hemp with cotton, linen, silk, and wool give hemp greater softness while adding strength and durability to the product.

[0058] Hemp fibers are also used in the manufacture of paper and canvas for various applications. Hemp fibers are also used in the automotive and construction industries.

[0059] linen Linen is one of the strongest natural plant fibers. It was one of the first materials cultivated, woven, and knitted for the manufacture of clothing and accessories. Linen comes in various types based on its variety. The main types are common flax and perennial flax.

[0060] Linen is a fabric with high mechanical resistance and almost no elasticity. Therefore, it wrinkles easily. Its softness improves with washing. Because linen quickly absorbs and releases water and has excellent thermal conductivity, this fabric is new and highly valued and used in the manufacture of clothing for temperate regions. Linen clothing is new and comfortable, and these garments symbolize elegance in summer fashion.

[0061] Linen maintains a strong traditional niche among high-quality fabrics for home goods, bedding, upholstery materials, and interior design accessories.

[0062] Lamy Ramie fiber is one of the strongest natural fibers, white, with a silk-like luster, and close to linen in terms of absorption and density. Ramie fiber has almost no elasticity and dyes easily. Ramie fiber has several transverse cracks and is very brittle, but at the same time enhances breathability.

[0063] Sturdy ramie fibers are used to make ropes and nets. When spun, they produce fine, lustrous yarns used for a wide range of clothing.

[0064] Fabrics made from 100% ramie are lightweight and have a smooth feel, yet possess the appearance of linen. Because of its typically low elasticity and resistance, ramie is often used in combination with other fabric fibers or to modify the properties of other fabric fibers. For example, ramie is added to wool to reduce shrinkage, or to cotton to increase strength.

[0065] Sisal Sisal is an excessively stiff fiber and lacks elasticity for use in the fashion industry. Sisal is used in small proportions and in combination with other fibers for the manufacture of accessories and home decor. Currently, sisal is primarily used in the furniture, automotive, and marine industries, always in combination with other materials.

[0066] Jute Jute is extracted from the stems of the plant of the same name and is very easy to cultivate and harvest. Jute is one of the cheapest fibers to manufacture.

[0067] This fiber is also known as "golden fiber" because of its luster. Jute is one of the strongest natural plant fibers and is the second most produced fiber after cotton.

[0068] Jute has poor absorbency and degrades rapidly when exposed to moisture. While it has low thermal conductivity, it possesses excellent heat insulation and antistatic properties. Jute is used in fabric and footwear manufacturing, as well as as a supplementary material in household textiles.

[0069] beneficial drugs A wide range of beneficial agents can be incorporated into the base fabric material using the supercritical fluid injection / impregnation method disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the beneficial agents are antimicrobial agents, deodorants, performance additives, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the anti-infective agents are antimicrobial agents, antibiofilm agents, or combinations thereof.

[0070] Antibiotics According to this disclosure, an antimicrobial agent useful for reducing or preventing bacterial growth or presence in fabrics such as apparel fabrics is injected or impregnated into a base fabric material. In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is an antibacterial agent, an antifungal agent, and / or an antiparasitic agent. Examples of antimicrobial agents include agents that act to inhibit or eradicate microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and / or parasites. A specific antimicrobial agent may be used to combat a specific microorganism. In some embodiments, the microorganisms reduced or eliminated by the antimicrobial agent cause odor. In some embodiments, the microorganisms reduced or eliminated by the antimicrobial agent cause skin inflammation. In some embodiments, the microorganisms reduced or eliminated by the antimicrobial agent cause disease or pathological conditions. In some embodiments, the microorganisms reduced or eliminated by the antimicrobial agent cause various combinations of odor, skin inflammation, and disease or pathological conditions.

[0071] In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is an antibacterial agent. In some embodiments, the antibacterial agent inhibits or eliminates bacteria by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis. In some embodiments, the antibacterial agent inhibits or eliminates bacteria by interrupting bacterial cell wall synthesis. In some embodiments, the antibacterial agent inhibits or eliminates bacteria by altering the permeability of the bacterial cell membrane. In some embodiments, the antibacterial agent inhibits or eliminates bacteria by interrupting DNA replication in bacteria.

[0072] Antibacterial agents include amikacin, gentamicin, kanamycin, neomycin, netylmycin, streptomycin, tobramycin, paromomycin, geldanmycin, harbimycin, loracalbef, ertapenem, doripenem, imipenem, cilastatin, meropenem, cefadroxil, cefazolin, cephalothin, cephalexin, cefaclor, cephamandol, cefoxitin, defprozil, cefuroxime, cefixime, cefdinir, cefditoren, and cefope. Razon, cefotaxime, cefpodoxime, ceftazidime, ceftibuten, ceftizoxime, ceftriaxone, cefepime, ceftoviprole, teicoplanin, vancomycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, dilithromycin, erythromycin, roxithromycin, troleandmycin, telithromycin, spectinomycin, aztreonam, amoxicillin, ampicillin, azurocillin, carbenicillin, cloxacillin, dicloxacillin, flucloxacillin, mezlocillin, methicillin, nafcillin, o Xacillin, penicillin, piperacillin, ticarcillin, bacitracin, colistin, polymyxin B, ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, lomefloxacin, moxifloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, trovafloxacin, mafenide, prontosil, sulfacetamide, sulfamethizol, sulfanimilamide, sulfasalazine, sulfisoxazole Examples include trimethoprim, demeclocycline, doxycycline, minocycline, oxytetracycline, tetracycline, arsphenamine, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, lincomycin, ethambutol, fosfomycin, fusidic acid, furazolidone, isoniazid, linezolid, metronidazole, mupirocin, nitrofurantoin, platensimycin, pyrazinamide, quinupristin / dalfopristin, rifampin, tinidazole, and combinations thereof.

[0073] In some embodiments, the antibiotic compatible with the compositions described herein is a broad-spectrum antibiotic.

[0074] Antifungal agents include amorolfine, butenafine, naphthifine, terbinafine, flucytosine, fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, posaconazole, ravconazole, voriconazole, clotrimazole, econazole, miconazole, oxiconazole, sulconazole, terconazole, thioconazole, niccomycin Z, caspofungin, micafungin, anidurafungin, amphotericin B, liposomal nystatin, pimaricin, griseofulvin, cyclopiroxolamine, haloprogin, tolnaftate, undecylenate, cryoquinol, and combinations thereof.

[0075] Antiparasitic drugs include amitraz, amoscanate, avermectin, carbadox, diethylcarbamidine, dimetridazole, diminazene, ivermectin, macrofilaliside, malathion, mitaban, oxamnicine, permethrin, praziquantel, pyrantel pamoate, selamectin, stivogluconate sodium, thiabendazole, and combinations thereof.

[0076] In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 0.5% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in amounts ranging from about 0.0001%, about 0.0002%, about 0.0003%, about 0.0004%, about 0.0005%, about 0.0006%, about 0.0007%, about 0.0008%, about 0.0009%, about 0.001%, about 0.002%, about 0.003%, about 0.004%, about 0.005%. The antimicrobial agent is present in amounts of approximately 0.006%, 0.007%, 0.008%, 0.009%, 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03%, 0.04%, 0.05%, 0.06%, 0.07%, 0.08%, 0.09%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, or 0.5% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in amounts ranging from approximately 0.0001% to approximately 0.1% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in amounts ranging from approximately 0.0001% to approximately 0.01% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in amounts ranging from approximately 0.0001% to approximately 0.002% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0005% to about 0.002% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0005% to about 0.0012% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0008% (weight / weight).In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition at concentrations of approximately 0.0001%, approximately 0.0002%, approximately 0.0003%, approximately 0.0004%, approximately 0.0005%, approximately 0.0006%, approximately 0.0007%, approximately 0.0008%, approximately 0.0009%, approximately 0.001%, approximately 0.005%, approximately 0.01%, approximately 0.05%, approximately 0.1%, approximately 0.15%, approximately 0.2%, approximately 0.25%, approximately 0.3%, approximately 0.35%, approximately 0.4%, approximately 0.45%, approximately 0.5%, approximately 0.55%, approximately 0.6%, approximately 0.65%, approximately 0.7%, and approximately 0.75%. Approximately 0.8%, approximately 0.85%, approximately 0.9%, approximately 0.95%, approximately 1% (weight / weight), approximately 1.1% (weight / weight), approximately 1.2% (weight / weight), approximately 1.3% (weight / weight), approximately 1.4% (weight / weight), approximately 1.5% (weight / weight), approximately 1.6% (weight / weight) ), approximately 1.7% (w / w), approximately 1.8% (w / w), approximately 1.9% (w / w), approximately 2% (w / w), approximately 2.1% (w / w), approximately 2.2% (w / w), approximately 2.3% (w / w), approximately 2.4% (w / w), approximately 2.5% (w / w) approx. 2.6% (w / w), approx. 2.7% (w / w), approx. 2.8% (w / w), approx. 2.9% (w / w), approx. 3% (w / w), approx. 3.1% (w / w), approx. 3.2% (w / w), approx. 3.3% (w / w), approx. 3.4% (wt) / wt), approx. 3.5% (wt / wt), approx. 3.6% (wt / wt), approx. 3.7% (wt / wt), approx. 3.8% (wt / wt), approx. 3.9% (wt / wt), approx. 4% (wt / wt), approx. It is present in amounts of approximately 4.4% (weight / weight), approximately 4.5% (weight / weight), approximately 4.6% (weight / weight), approximately 4.7% (weight / weight), approximately 4.8% (weight / weight), approximately 4.9% (weight / weight), approximately 5% (weight / weight), approximately 5.5% (weight / weight), approximately 6% (weight / weight), approximately 6.5% (weight / weight), approximately 7% (weight / weight), approximately 7.5% (weight / weight), approximately 8% (weight / weight), approximately 8.5% (weight / weight), approximately 9% (weight / weight), approximately 9.5% (weight / weight), or approximately 10% (weight / weight).

[0077] In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount of about 10% (weight / weight) to about 20% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount of about 10% (weight / weight) to about 15% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount of about 15% (weight / weight) to about 20% (weight / weight).

[0078] In some embodiments, the antibacterial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition at approximately 10% (weight / weight), approximately 10.1% (weight / weight), approximately 10.2% (weight / weight), approximately 10.3% (weight / weight), approximately 10.4% (weight / weight), approximately 10.5% (weight / weight), approximately 10.6% (weight / weight), approximately 10.7% (weight / weight), approximately 10.8% (weight / weight), approximately 10.9% (weight / weight), approximately 11% (weight / weight), approximately 11.1% (weight / weight), approximately 11.2% (weight / weight), approximately 11.3% (weight / weight), approximately 11.4% (weight / weight), approximately 11.5% (weight / weight), and approximately 11.6% (wt / wt), about 11.7% (wt / wt), about 11.8% (wt / wt), about 11.9% (wt / wt), about 12% (wt / wt), about 12.1% (wt / wt), about 12.2% (wt / wt), about 12.3% (wt / wt), about 12.4% (wt / wt) , about 12.5% ​​(wt / wt), about 12.6% (wt / wt), about 12.7% (wt / wt), about 12.8% (wt / wt), about 12.9% (wt / wt), about 13% (wt / wt), about 13.1% (wt / wt), about 13.2% (wt / wt), about 13.3% (wt / wt) ), approximately 13.4% (w / w), approximately 13.5% (w / w), approximately 13.6% (w / w), approximately 13.7% (w / w), approximately 13.8% (w / w), approximately 13.9% (w / w), approximately 14% (w / w), approximately 14.1% (w / w), approximately 14.2% (w / w) 14.3% (w / w), 14.4% (w / w), 14.5% (w / w), 14.6% (w / w), 14.7% (w / w), 14.8% (w / w), 14.9% (w / w), 15% (w / w), 15.1% (wt) / weight), approximately 15.2% (weight / weight), approximately 15.3% (weight / weight), approximately 15.4% (weight / weight), approximately 15.5% (weight / weight), approximately 15.6% (weight / weight), approximately 15.7% (weight / weight), approximately 15.8% (weight / weight), approximately 15.9% (weight / weight), approximately 16% ( 16.1% (weight / weight), 16.2% (weight / weight), 16.3% (weight / weight), 16.4% (weight / weight), 16.5% (weight / weight), 16.6% (weight / weight), 16.7% (weight / weight), 16.8% (weight / weight), 16.9% (wt / wt), about 17% (wt / wt), about 17.1% (wt / wt), about 17.2% (wt / wt), about 17.3% (wt / wt), about 17.4% (wt / wt), about 17.5% (wt / wt), about 17.6% (wt / wt), about 17.7 % (w / w), approx. 17.8% (w / w), approx. 17.9% (w / w), approx. 18% (w / w), approx. 18.1% (w / w), approx. 18.2% (w / w), approx. 18.3% (w / w), approx. 18.4% (w / w), approx. It is present in amounts of approximately 18.6% (weight / weight), 18.7% (weight / weight), 18.8% (weight / weight), 18.9% (weight / weight), 19% (weight / weight), 19.1% (weight / weight), 19.2% (weight / weight), 19.3% (weight / weight), 19.4% (weight / weight), 19.5% (weight / weight), 19.6% (weight / weight), 19.7% (weight / weight), 19.8% (weight / weight), 19.9% ​​(weight / weight), or approximately 20% (weight / weight).

[0079] In some embodiments, the antibacterial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 5% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the antibacterial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 4% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the antibacterial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 3% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the antibacterial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 2% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the antibacterial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 1% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the antibacterial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 0.1% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the antibacterial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 0.01% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the antibacterial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 0.001% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the antibacterial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 5% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the antibacterial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 4% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the antibacterial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 3% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the antibacterial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 2% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the antibacterial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 1% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the antibacterial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 0.1% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 0.01% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 5% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 4% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 3% (weight / weight).In some embodiments, the antibacterial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 2% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the antibacterial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 1% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the antibacterial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 0.1% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the antibacterial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 5% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the antibacterial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 5% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the antibacterial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.1% to about 5% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the antibacterial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 1% to about 5% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the antibacterial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 2% to about 5% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the antibacterial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 3% to about 5% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the antibacterial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 4% to about 5% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the antibacterial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 4% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the antibacterial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 4% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the antibacterial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.1% to about 4% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the antibacterial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 1% to about 4% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the antibacterial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 2% to about 4% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the antibacterial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 3% to about 4% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 3% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 3% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.1% to about 3% (weight / weight).In some embodiments, the antibacterial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 1% to about 3% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the antibacterial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 2% to about 3% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the antibacterial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 2% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the antibacterial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 2% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the antibacterial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.1% to about 2% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the antibacterial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 1% to about 2% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the antibacterial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 1% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the antibacterial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 1% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.1% to about 1% (by weight).

[0080] Deodorizer In some embodiments, beneficial agents include one or more deodorants that capture, neutralize, remove, mask, or reduce odors from fabrics such as apparel fabrics. In some embodiments, the deodorants are selected from zeolites, engineering polymers, cyclodextrins, activated carbon, silver, fragrances, and combinations thereof.

[0081] A wide range of microorganisms coexist in a naturally balanced state both within the human body and in the environment. This rapid and uncontrolled proliferation of non-pathogenic microorganisms can have serious impacts on health standards. The term "body odor" refers to the odor produced as a result of the natural functions of the human body. Odors are produced by skin microorganisms through the decomposition of skin secretions, urine, and other body odors. Such odors are mainly organic compounds, containing different functional groups and chemical structures such as amines, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, phenols, and others.

[0082] Odors can be brought onto fabrics such as apparel fabrics from external sources such as dirt / soil, cigarette smoke, and garlic. Often, the odor is due to bacteria that grow and metabolize on the fabric. These bacteria migrate from the skin and use nutrients delivered in sweat as a food source. These metabolites are volatile and can be released from the fabric itself as a “foul odor.”

[0083] In some embodiments, fabrics such as apparel fabrics disclosed herein are injected or impregnated with deodorants that suppress or inhibit the diffusion of odors or malodorous substances by preventing bacterial growth or neutralizing malodorous substances in the fabric substrate. This method eliminates unpleasant odors caused by pathogenic bacteria, keeping the fabric and the wearer fresh and comfortable. In addition, the fabric does not lose its structural integrity and / or performance, and therefore the deodorizing effect continues throughout the entire time the apparel is worn.

[0084] There are two main ways to control odors in fabrics: capturing or trapping odors (passive approach), or stopping the growth of microorganisms (active approach).

[0085] This odor capture or trapping method is effective against odor-producing components because the odor is absorbed by odor absorbers such as zeolite or activated carbon. Once these substances reach their capture capacity, they must be regenerated, for example, by drying them at high temperatures. Odor capture measurements of fabric products may depend on the purity, size, and amount of absorbent used. Another method of actively reducing odors is masking, that is, reducing the effect of malodorous odors by using more pleasant scents, such as those produced by fragrances.

[0086] This active odor elimination is based on inhibiting or reducing bacterial growth (biostation) or killing bacteria applied to the surface (biocidality). Controlling microbial growth prevents most fabric odors, which are caused by undesirable bacterial growth. This reduces the formation of bacterial biofilms on fabrics, making them more comfortable and ensuring more controlled odors. Silver and nanosilver work based on technology that reduces the occurrence of unpleasant body odor and other unpleasant smells by inhibiting the replication of odor-causing bacteria, mites, and fungi.

[0087] Most odor-preventing technologies for clothing are based on chemical treatment. Agents such as zeolites, engineering polymers, cyclodextrins, activated carbon, and silver are chemical odor inhibitors. Zeolites are mineral-based materials derived from volcanic ash that have the ability to bind to odor-causing substances, keeping products fresh and odor-free. The very large surface area of ​​zeolite carriers attracts and adsorbs odor molecules on the product. Next-generation zeolite devices not only attract and adsorb odor molecules but also decompose them.

[0088] Engineering polymers are a type of resin that captures human odors. They are synthetic materials that are particularly fused with fabrics for odor-blocking clothing and feature macropores that provide a large surface area for human odor molecules to enter, as well as micropores that capture them.

[0089] Cyclodextrins (also known as Schaldinger dextrin, cycloglucose, cycloamylose, and cycloglucoamylose) are non-reducing cyclic oligosaccharins consisting of 6-12 (sometimes 26) α-D(+)-glucopyranosic groups linked to an α-1,4-glycosidic. Those with a conical structure, having a cavity in the center of the inner part of the cone, are hydrophobic, while the outer part is hydrophilic. Cyclodextrins contain several glucose units in their structure. Typical cyclodextrins contain 6, 7, and 8 glucose units, forming α-CD, β-CD, and γ-CD, respectively.

[0090] Cyclodextrins are synthesized by enzymatic hydrolysis of starch, maize, and corn. All hydroxyl groups in cyclodextrins are oriented outward, while the two rings containing glycoside oxygen and non-exchangeable hydrogen atoms are oriented inward. This combination gives cyclodextrins a hydrophobic interior cavity and a hydrophilic exterior. The hydrophobic interior cavity provides the ability to form inclusion complexes with various guest molecules such as aromatic compounds, alcohols, fatty acids, and esters. The hydroxyl groups can bond with crosslinking agents, allowing for strong bonding with hydroxyl groups in fabric materials. The hydrophobic cavity of cyclodextrins can accept odor molecules from sweat and the environment. Cyclodextrins can also be used as an odor-resistant finish.

[0091] Activated carbon represents carbon that has been treated to have a surface area covered with very small pores that chemically adsorb or capture odor molecules in its vicinity. Because the surface of activated carbon granules is surrounded by a very large number of fine pores, just one gram can have a total surface area of ​​500 square meters. In activated carbon obtained from coconut shells, the carbon particles are modified to enhance the adsorption of specific odor molecules.

[0092] Silver inhibits the growth of odor-causing bacteria, providing reliable antimicrobial protection ideal for clothing worn in daily life, sports, and travel. Improved-silver finish is an antibacterial finishing technology using activated silver ions. For centuries, silver has been known as a natural agent that reduces the growth of bacteria and fungi. The finish is long-lasting and wash-resistant. Silver particles minimize odor and provide a fresh feeling, with no inflammatory adverse effects. The mechanism of silver as a deodorant includes: (1) silver ions can bind nonspecifically to cell surfaces, causing some disruption to cell membrane function and allowing silver ions to penetrate microbial structures; (2) silver ions are highly reactive and readily bind to electron-donating groups, with the primary target being thiol groups (-SH), which have a common affinity for enzymes within microorganisms; and (3) silver ions react with DNA base pairs, thereby preventing DNA replication of odor-producing microorganisms.

[0093] In some embodiments, the deodorant is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 0.5% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the deodorant is present in the pharmaceutical composition in amounts ranging from about 0.0001%, about 0.0002%, about 0.0003%, about 0.0004%, about 0.0005%, about 0.0006%, about 0.0007%, about 0.0008%, about 0.0009%, about 0.001%, about 0.002%, about 0.003%, about 0.004%, about 0.005%. The deodorant is present in amounts of approximately 0.006%, 0.007%, 0.008%, 0.009%, 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03%, 0.04%, 0.05%, 0.06%, 0.07%, 0.08%, 0.09%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, or 0.5% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the deodorant is present in the pharmaceutical composition in amounts ranging from approximately 0.0001% to approximately 0.1% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the deodorant is present in the pharmaceutical composition in amounts ranging from approximately 0.0001% to approximately 0.01% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the deodorant is present in the pharmaceutical composition in amounts ranging from approximately 0.0001% to approximately 0.02% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the deodorant is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0005% to about 0.002% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the deodorant is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0005% to about 0.0011% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the deodorant is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0008% (weight / weight).In some embodiments, the deodorant is present in the pharmaceutical composition at concentrations of approximately 0.0001%, 0.0002%, 0.0003%, 0.0004%, 0.0005%, 0.0006%, 0.0007%, 0.0008%, 0.0009%, 0.001%, 0.005%, 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2%, 0.25%, 0.3%, 0.35%, 0.4%, 0.45%, 0.5%, 0.55%, 0.6%, 0.65%, 0.7%, and 0.75%. Approximately 0.8%, approximately 0.85%, approximately 0.9%, approximately 0.95%, approximately 1% (weight / weight), approximately 1.1% (weight / weight), approximately 1.2% (weight / weight), approximately 1.3% (weight / weight), approximately 1.4% (weight / weight), approximately 1.5% (weight / weight), approximately 1.6% (weight / weight) ), approximately 1.7% (w / w), approximately 1.8% (w / w), approximately 1.9% (w / w), approximately 2% (w / w), approximately 2.1% (w / w), approximately 2.2% (w / w), approximately 2.3% (w / w), approximately 2.4% (w / w), approximately 2.5% (w / w) approx. 2.6% (w / w), approx. 2.7% (w / w), approx. 2.8% (w / w), approx. 2.9% (w / w), approx. 3% (w / w), approx. 3.1% (w / w), approx. 3.2% (w / w), approx. 3.3% (w / w), approx. 3.4% (wt) / wt), approx. 3.5% (wt / wt), approx. 3.6% (wt / wt), approx. 3.7% (wt / wt), approx. 3.8% (wt / wt), approx. 3.9% (wt / wt), approx. 4% (wt / wt), approx. It is present in amounts of approximately 4.4% (weight / weight), approximately 4.5% (weight / weight), approximately 4.6% (weight / weight), approximately 4.7% (weight / weight), approximately 4.8% (weight / weight), approximately 4.9% (weight / weight), approximately 5% (weight / weight), approximately 5.5% (weight / weight), approximately 6% (weight / weight), approximately 6.5% (weight / weight), approximately 7% (weight / weight), approximately 7.5% (weight / weight), approximately 8% (weight / weight), approximately 8.5% (weight / weight), approximately 9% (weight / weight), approximately 9.5% (weight / weight), or approximately 10% (weight / weight).

[0094] In some embodiments, the deodorant is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount of about 10% (weight / weight) to about 20% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the deodorant is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount of about 10% (weight / weight) to about 15% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the deodorant is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount of about 15% (weight / weight) to about 20% (weight / weight).

[0095] In some embodiments, the deodorant is present in the pharmaceutical composition at approximately 10% (weight / weight), approximately 10.1% (weight / weight), approximately 10.2% (weight / weight), approximately 10.3% (weight / weight), approximately 10.4% (weight / weight), approximately 10.5% (weight / weight), approximately 10.6% (weight / weight), approximately 10.7% (weight / weight), approximately 10.8% (weight / weight), approximately 10.9% (weight / weight), approximately 11% (weight / weight), approximately 11.1% (weight / weight), approximately 11.2% (weight / weight), approximately 11.3% (weight / weight), approximately 11.4% (weight / weight), approximately 11.5% (weight / weight), and approximately 11.6% (wt / wt), about 11.7% (wt / wt), about 11.8% (wt / wt), about 11.9% (wt / wt), about 12% (wt / wt), about 12.1% (wt / wt), about 12.2% (wt / wt), about 12.3% (wt / wt), about 12.4% (wt / wt) , about 12.5% ​​(wt / wt), about 12.6% (wt / wt), about 12.7% (wt / wt), about 12.8% (wt / wt), about 12.9% (wt / wt), about 13% (wt / wt), about 13.1% (wt / wt), about 13.2% (wt / wt), about 13.3% (wt / wt) ), approximately 13.4% (w / w), approximately 13.5% (w / w), approximately 13.6% (w / w), approximately 13.7% (w / w), approximately 13.8% (w / w), approximately 13.9% (w / w), approximately 14% (w / w), approximately 14.1% (w / w), approximately 14.2% (w / w) 14.3% (w / w), 14.4% (w / w), 14.5% (w / w), 14.6% (w / w), 14.7% (w / w), 14.8% (w / w), 14.9% (w / w), 15% (w / w), 15.1% (wt) / weight), approximately 15.2% (weight / weight), approximately 15.3% (weight / weight), approximately 15.4% (weight / weight), approximately 15.5% (weight / weight), approximately 15.6% (weight / weight), approximately 15.7% (weight / weight), approximately 15.8% (weight / weight), approximately 15.9% (weight / weight), approximately 16% ( 16.1% (weight / weight), 16.2% (weight / weight), 16.3% (weight / weight), 16.4% (weight / weight), 16.5% (weight / weight), 16.6% (weight / weight), 16.7% (weight / weight), 16.8% (weight / weight), 16.9% (wt / wt), about 17% (wt / wt), about 17.1% (wt / wt), about 17.2% (wt / wt), about 17.3% (wt / wt), about 17.4% (wt / wt), about 17.5% (wt / wt), about 17.6% (wt / wt), about 17.7 % (w / w), approx. 17.8% (w / w), approx. 17.9% (w / w), approx. 18% (w / w), approx. 18.1% (w / w), approx. 18.2% (w / w), approx. 18.3% (w / w), approx. 18.4% (w / w), approx. It is present in amounts of approximately 18.6% (weight / weight), 18.7% (weight / weight), 18.8% (weight / weight), 18.9% (weight / weight), 19% (weight / weight), 19.1% (weight / weight), 19.2% (weight / weight), 19.3% (weight / weight), 19.4% (weight / weight), 19.5% (weight / weight), 19.6% (weight / weight), 19.7% (weight / weight), 19.8% (weight / weight), 19.9% ​​(weight / weight), or approximately 20% (weight / weight).

[0096] In some embodiments, the deodorant is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 5% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the deodorant is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 4% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the deodorant is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 3% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the deodorant is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 2% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the deodorant is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 1% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the deodorant is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 0.1% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the deodorant is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 0.01% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the deodorant is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 0.001% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the deodorant is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 5% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the deodorant is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 4% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the deodorant is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 3% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the deodorant is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 2% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the deodorant is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 1% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the deodorant is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 0.1% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the deodorant is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 0.01% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the deodorant is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 5% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the deodorant is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 4% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the deodorant is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 3% (weight / weight).In some embodiments, the deodorant is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 2% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the deodorant is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 1% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the deodorant is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 0.1% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the deodorant is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 5% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the deodorant is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 5% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the deodorant is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.1% to about 5% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the deodorant is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 1% to about 5% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the deodorant is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 2% to about 5% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the deodorant is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 3% to about 5% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the deodorant is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 4% to about 5% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the deodorant is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 4% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the deodorant is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 4% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the deodorant is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.1% to about 4% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the deodorant is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 1% to about 4% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the deodorant is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 2% to about 4% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the deodorant is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 3% to about 4% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the deodorant is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 3% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the deodorant is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 3% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the deodorant is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.1% to about 3% (weight / weight).In some embodiments, the deodorant is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 1% to about 3% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the deodorant is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 2% to about 3% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the deodorant is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 2% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the deodorant is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 2% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the deodorant is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.1% to about 2% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the deodorant is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 1% to about 2% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the deodorant is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 1% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the deodorant is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 1% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the deodorant is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.1% to about 1% (by weight).

[0097] Performance additives In some embodiments, the beneficial agent includes one or more performance additives that enhance the performance of a fabric, such as an apparel fabric. In some embodiments, the performance additives are selected from flexibility-enhancing additives, elasticity-enhancing additives, fabric-strengthening additives, UV protection additives, wetting agents, and combinations thereof.

[0098] In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 0.5% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in amounts ranging from about 0.0001%, about 0.0002%, about 0.0003%, about 0.0004%, about 0.0005%, about 0.0006%, about 0.0007%, about 0.0008%, about 0.0009%, about 0.001%, about 0.002%, about 0.003%, about 0.004%, about 0.00 The performance additive is present in amounts of 5%, approximately 0.006%, approximately 0.007%, approximately 0.008%, approximately 0.009%, approximately 0.01%, approximately 0.02%, approximately 0.03%, approximately 0.04%, approximately 0.05%, approximately 0.06%, approximately 0.07%, approximately 0.08%, approximately 0.09%, approximately 0.1%, approximately 0.2%, approximately 0.3%, approximately 0.4%, or approximately 0.5% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in amounts ranging from approximately 0.0001% to approximately 0.1% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in amounts ranging from approximately 0.0001% to approximately 0.01% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in amounts ranging from approximately 0.0001% to approximately 0.002% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0005% to about 0.002% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0005% to about 0.0012% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0008% (weight / weight).In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition at concentrations of approximately 0.0001%, 0.0002%, 0.0003%, 0.0004%, 0.0005%, 0.0006%, 0.0007%, 0.0008%, 0.0009%, 0.001%, 0.005%, 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2%, 0.25%, 0.3%, 0.35%, 0.4%, 0.45%, 0.5%, 0.55%, 0.6%, 0.65%, 0.7%, and 0.75%. , about 0.8%, about 0.85%, about 0.9%, about 0.95%, about 1% (w / w), about 1.1% (wt / wt), about 1.2% (wt / wt), about 1.3% (wt / wt), about 1.4% (wt / wt), about 1.5% (wt / wt), about 1.6% (wt / wt) 1.7% (w / w), 1.8% (w / w), 1.9% (w / w), 2% (w / w), 2.1% (w / w), 2.2% (w / w), 2.3% (w / w), 2.4% (w / w), 2.5% (w / w) Approximately 2.6% (weight / weight), approximately 2.7% (weight / weight), approximately 2.8% (weight / weight), approximately 2.9% (weight / weight), approximately 3% (weight / weight), approximately 3.1% (weight / weight), approximately 3.2% (weight / weight), approximately 3.3% (weight / weight), approximately 3.4% (weight) Approximately 3.5% (weight / weight), approximately 3.6% (weight / weight), approximately 3.7% (weight / weight), approximately 3.8% (weight / weight), approximately 3.9% (weight / weight), approximately 4% (weight / weight), approximately 4.1% (weight / weight), approximately 4.2% (weight / weight), approximately 4.3% ( It is present in amounts of approximately 4.4% (weight / weight), approximately 4.5% (weight / weight), approximately 4.6% (weight / weight), approximately 4.7% (weight / weight), approximately 4.8% (weight / weight), approximately 4.9% (weight / weight), approximately 5% (weight / weight), approximately 5.5% (weight / weight), approximately 6% (weight / weight), approximately 6.5% (weight / weight), approximately 7% (weight / weight), approximately 7.5% (weight / weight), approximately 8% (weight / weight), approximately 8.5% (weight / weight), approximately 9% (weight / weight), approximately 9.5% (weight / weight), or approximately 10% (weight / weight).

[0099] In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount of about 10% (weight / weight) to about 20% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount of about 10% (weight / weight) to about 15% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount of about 15% (weight / weight) to about 20% (weight / weight).

[0100] In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition at approximately 10% (weight / weight), 10.1% (weight / weight), 10.2% (weight / weight), 10.3% (weight / weight), 10.4% (weight / weight), 10.5% (weight / weight), 10.6% (weight / weight), 10.7% (weight / weight), 10.8% (weight / weight), 10.9% (weight / weight), 11% (weight / weight), 11.1% (weight / weight), 11.2% (weight / weight), 11.3% (weight / weight), 11.4% (weight / weight), and 11.5% (weight / weight). , about 11.6% (wt / wt), about 11.7% (wt / wt), about 11.8% (wt / wt), about 11.9% (wt / wt), about 12% (wt / wt), about 12.1% (wt / wt), about 12.2% (wt / wt), about 12.3% (wt / wt), about 12.4% (wt / wt) ), approx. 12.5% ​​(w / w), approx. 12.6% (w / w), approx. 12.7% (w / w), approx. 12.8% (w / w), approx. 12.9% (w / w), approx. 13% (w / w), approx. 13.4% (w / w), 13.5% (w / w), 13.6% (w / w), 13.7% (w / w), 13.8% (w / w), 13.9% (w / w), 14% (w / w), 14.1% (w / w), 14.2% (wt) approx. 14.3% (w / w), approx. 14.4% (w / w), approx. 14.5% (w / w), approx. 14.6% (w / w), approx. 14.7% (w / w), approx. 15.2% (weight / weight), 15.3% (weight / weight), 15.4% (weight / weight), 15.5% (weight / weight), 15.6% (weight / weight), 15.7% (weight / weight), 15.8% (weight / weight), 15.9% (weight / weight), 16% (weight / weight) 16.1% (weight / weight), 16.2% (weight / weight), 16.3% (weight / weight), 16.4% (weight / weight), 16.5% (weight / weight), 16.6% (weight / weight), 16.7% (weight / weight), 16.8% (weight / weight), 16.9% (wt / wt), about 17% (wt / wt), about 17.1% (wt / wt), about 17.2% (wt / wt), about 17.3% (wt / wt), about 17.4% (wt / wt), about 17.5% (wt / wt), about 17.6% (wt / wt), about 17.7 % (w / w), approx. 17.8% (w / w), approx. 17.9% (w / w), approx. 18% (w / w), approx. 18.1% (w / w), approx. 18.2% (w / w), approx. 18.3% (w / w), approx. 18.4% (w / w), approx. It is present in amounts of approximately 18.6% (weight / weight), 18.7% (weight / weight), 18.8% (weight / weight), 18.9% (weight / weight), 19% (weight / weight), 19.1% (weight / weight), 19.2% (weight / weight), 19.3% (weight / weight), 19.4% (weight / weight), 19.5% (weight / weight), 19.6% (weight / weight), 19.7% (weight / weight), 19.8% (weight / weight), 19.9% ​​(weight / weight), or approximately 20% (weight / weight).

[0101] In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 5% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 4% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 3% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 2% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 1% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 0.1% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 0.01% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 0.001% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 5% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 4% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 3% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 2% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 1% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 0.1% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 0.01% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 5% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 4% (weight / weight).In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 3% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 2% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 1% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 0.1% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 5% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 5% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.1% to about 5% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 1% to about 5% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 2% to about 5% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 3% to about 5% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 4% to about 5% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 4% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 4% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.1% to about 4% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 1% to about 4% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 2% to about 4% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 3% to about 4% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 3% (weight / weight).In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 3% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.1% to about 3% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 1% to about 3% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 2% to about 3% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 2% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 2% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.1% to about 2% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 1% to about 2% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 1% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 1% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.1% to about 1% (weight / weight).

[0102] Quaternary ammonium salts In some embodiments, the beneficial agent is a quaternary ammonium salt. While we do not wish to be bound by any particular theory, in some embodiments, the beneficial agent is intended to be a quaternary ammonium salt. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt comprises a C12 or C14 alkyl chain. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt is neither benzalkonium chloride nor a polymeric quaternary ammonium salt. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt is C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt is C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt is C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride.

[0103] In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises a quaternary ammonium salt. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt is a salt of a quaternary ammonium cation. As used herein, “quaternary ammonium cation,” also known as quats, represents a positively charged polymer ion of the structure NR4+, where R is an optionally substituted alkyl group or an optionally substituted aryl group. Unlike the ammonium ion (NH4+) and primary, secondary, or tertiary ammonium cations, quaternary ammonium cations are permanently charged regardless of the pH of their solution. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt is not a polymer quaternary ammonium salt. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt comprises a C10 or C16 alkyl chain. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt comprises a C12 or C14 alkyl chain. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt is not benzalkonium chloride. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt is C10-C16-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt is C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt is C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt is substantially pure C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride separated from a mixture of C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt is C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride separated from a mixture of C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, and contains about 1% less than 1%, about 2%, about 3%, about 4%, about 5%, about 6%, about 7%, about 8%, about 9%, or about 10% C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt, for example, C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, is not toxic at all.

[0104] In some embodiments, C12-C14 alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride is a mixture of C12 alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride and C14 alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride.

[0105] In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is essentially free from alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium salts having alkyl groups with fewer than 12 or more than 14 carbon atoms.

[0106] In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositions described herein are substantially free of benzalkonium chloride.

[0107] In some embodiments, quaternary ammonium salts, such as C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, are present in the pharmaceutical composition in amounts ranging from about 0.0001% to about 0.5% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, quaternary ammonium salts, such as C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, are present in the pharmaceutical composition in amounts ranging from about 0.0001%, about 0.0002%, about 0.0003%, about 0.0004%, about 0.0005%, about 0.0006%, about 0.0007%, about 0.0008%, about 0.0009%, They are present in amounts of approximately 0.001%, approximately 0.002%, approximately 0.003%, approximately 0.004%, approximately 0.005%, approximately 0.006%, approximately 0.007%, approximately 0.008%, approximately 0.009%, approximately 0.01%, approximately 0.02%, approximately 0.03%, approximately 0.04%, approximately 0.05%, approximately 0.06%, approximately 0.07%, approximately 0.08%, approximately 0.09%, approximately 0.1%, approximately 0.2%, approximately 0.3%, approximately 0.4%, or approximately 0.5% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, quaternary ammonium salts, such as C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, are present in the pharmaceutical composition in amounts ranging from approximately 0.0001% to approximately 0.1% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, quaternary ammonium salts, such as C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, are present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 0.01% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, quaternary ammonium salts, such as C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, are present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 0.002% (weight / weight).In some embodiments, quaternary ammonium salts, such as C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, are present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0005% to about 0.002% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, quaternary ammonium salts, such as C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, are present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0005% to about 0.0012% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, quaternary ammonium salts, such as C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, are present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, quaternary ammonium salts, such as C12-C14 alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12 alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, are present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount of about 0.0008% (weight / weight).In some embodiments, quaternary ammonium salts, such as C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, are present in the pharmaceutical composition at concentrations of approximately 0.0001%, approximately 0.0002%, approximately 0.0003%, approximately 0.0004%, approximately 0.0005%, approximately 0.0006%, approximately 0.0007%, approximately 0.0008%, approximately 0.0009%, approximately 0.001%, approximately 0.005%, approximately 0.01%, approximately 0.05%, approximately 0.1%, approximately 0.15%, approximately 0.2%, approximately 0.25%, approximately 0.3%, and approximately 0.35%, approximately 0.4%, approximately 0.45%, approximately 0.5%, approximately 0.55%, approximately 0.6%, approximately 0.65%, approximately 0.7%, approximately 0.75%, approximately 0. 8%, approximately 0.85%, approximately 0.9%, approximately 0.95%, approximately 1% (weight / weight), approximately 1.1% (weight / weight), approximately 1.2% (weight / weight), approximately 1 .3% (wt / wt), approx. 1.4% (wt / wt), approx. 1.5% (wt / wt), approx. 1.6% (wt / wt), approx. 1.7% (wt / wt), approx. 1.8% (wt / wt), approx. 1.9% (wt / wt), approx. 2.3% (w / w), 2.4% (w / w), 2.5% (w / w), 2.6% (w / w), 2.7% (w / w), 2.8% (w / w), 2.9% (w / w), 3% (w / w), 3.1% (w / w), 3.2% (weight / weight), approximately 3.3% (weight / weight), approximately 3.4% (weight / weight), approximately 3.5% (weight / weight), approximately 3.6% (weight / weight), approximately 3.7% (weight / weight), approximately 3.8% (weight / weight), approximately 3.9% (weight / weight), approximately 4% (weight / weight), approximately 4.1% (weight / weight), It is present in amounts of approximately 4.2% (weight / weight), approximately 4.3% (weight / weight), approximately 4.4% (weight / weight), approximately 4.5% (weight / weight), approximately 4.6% (weight / weight), approximately 4.7% (weight / weight), approximately 4.8% (weight / weight), approximately 4.9% (weight / weight), approximately 5% (weight / weight), approximately 5.5% (weight / weight), approximately 6% (weight / weight), approximately 6.5% (weight / weight), approximately 7% (weight / weight), approximately 7.5% (weight / weight), approximately 8% (weight / weight), approximately 8.5% (weight / weight), approximately 9% (weight / weight), approximately 9.5% (weight / weight), or approximately 10% (weight / weight).

[0108] In some embodiments, quaternary ammonium salts, such as C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, are present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount of about 10% to about 20% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, quaternary ammonium salts, such as C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, are present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount of about 10% to about 15% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, quaternary ammonium salts, such as C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, are present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount of about 15% to about 20% (weight / weight).

[0109] In some embodiments, quaternary ammonium salts, such as C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, are present in the pharmaceutical composition at concentrations of approximately 10% (weight / weight), approximately 10.1% (weight / weight), approximately 10.2% (weight / weight), approximately 10.3% (weight / weight), approximately 10.4% (weight / weight), approximately 10.5% (weight / weight), approximately 10.6% (weight / weight), approximately 10.7% (weight / weight), approximately 10.8% (weight / weight), approximately 10.9% (weight / weight), and approximately 11% (weight / weight). , about 11.1% (wt / wt), about 11.2% (wt / wt), about 11.3% (wt / wt), about 11.4% (wt / wt), about 11.5% (wt / wt), about 11.6% (wt / wt), about 11.7% (wt / wt), about 11.8% (wt / wt), about 11.9% (wt / wt) ), about 12% (w / w), about 12.1% (w / w), about 12.2% (w / w), about 12.3% (w / w), about 12.4% (w / w), about 12.5% ​​(w / w), about 12.6% (w / w), about 12.7% (w / w), about 12.8% (w / w) , about 12.9% (wt / wt), about 13% (wt / wt), about 13.1% (wt / wt), about 13.2% (wt / wt), about 13.3% (wt / wt), about 13.4% (wt / wt), about 13.5% (wt / wt), about 13.6% (wt / wt), about 13.7% (wt / wt), Approximately 13.8% (weight / weight), approximately 13.9% (weight / weight), approximately 14% (weight / weight), approximately 14.1% (weight / weight), approximately 14.2% (weight / weight), approximately 14.3% (weight / weight), approximately 14.4% (weight / weight), approximately 14.5% (weight / weight), approximately 14.6% (weight / weight), approximately 14.7% (wt / wt), about 14.8% (wt / wt), about 14.9% (wt / wt), about 15% (wt / wt), about 15.1% (wt / wt), about 15.2% (wt / wt), about 15.3% (wt / wt), about 15.4% (wt / wt), about 15.5% (wt / wt), about 1 5.6% (wt / wt), about 15.7% (wt / wt), about 15.8% (wt / wt), about 15.9% (wt / wt), about 16% (wt / wt), about 16.1% (wt / wt), about 16.2% (wt / wt), about 16.3% (wt / wt), about 16.4% (wt / wt), about 16.5% (wt / wt), about 16.6% (wt / wt), about 16.7% (wt / wt), about 16.8% (wt / wt), about 16.9% (wt / wt), about 17% (wt / wt), about 17.1% (wt / wt), about 17.2% (wt / wt), about 17.3% (wt / wt), about 17.4 % (w / w), approx. 17.5% (w / w), approx. 17.6% (w / w), approx. 17.7% (w / w), approx. 17.8% (w / w), approx. 17.9% (w / w), approx. 18% (w / w), approx. 18.1% (w / w), approx. 18.2% (w / w), approx. It is present in amounts of approximately 18.4% (weight / weight), 18.5% (weight / weight), 18.6% (weight / weight), 18.7% (weight / weight), 18.8% (weight / weight), 18.9% (weight / weight), 19% (weight / weight), 19.1% (weight / weight), 19.2% (weight / weight), 19.3% (weight / weight), 19.4% (weight / weight), 19.5% (weight / weight), 19.6% (weight / weight), 19.7% (weight / weight), 19.8% (weight / weight), 19.9% ​​(weight / weight), or approximately 20% (weight / weight).

[0110] In some embodiments, quaternary ammonium salts, such as C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, are present in the pharmaceutical composition in amounts ranging from about 0.0001% to about 5% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, quaternary ammonium salts, such as C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, are present in the pharmaceutical composition in amounts ranging from about 0.0001% to about 4% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, quaternary ammonium salts, such as C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, are present in the pharmaceutical composition in amounts ranging from about 0.0001% to about 3% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, quaternary ammonium salts, such as C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, are present in the pharmaceutical composition in amounts ranging from about 0.0001% to about 2% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, quaternary ammonium salts, such as C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, are present in the pharmaceutical composition in amounts ranging from about 0.0001% to about 1% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, quaternary ammonium salts, such as C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, are present in the pharmaceutical composition in amounts ranging from about 0.0001% to about 0.1% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, quaternary ammonium salts, such as C12-C14 alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12 alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, are present in the pharmaceutical composition in amounts ranging from about 0.0001% to about 0.01% (weight / weight).In some embodiments, quaternary ammonium salts, such as C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, are present in the pharmaceutical composition in amounts ranging from about 0.0001% to about 0.001% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, quaternary ammonium salts, such as C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, are present in the pharmaceutical composition in amounts ranging from about 0.001% to about 5% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, quaternary ammonium salts, such as C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, are present in the pharmaceutical composition in amounts ranging from about 0.001% to about 4% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, quaternary ammonium salts, such as C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, are present in the pharmaceutical composition in amounts ranging from about 0.001% to about 3% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, quaternary ammonium salts, such as C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, are present in the pharmaceutical composition in amounts ranging from about 0.001% to about 2% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, quaternary ammonium salts, such as C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, are present in the pharmaceutical composition in amounts ranging from about 0.001% to about 1% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, quaternary ammonium salts, such as C12-C14 alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12 alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, are present in the pharmaceutical composition in amounts ranging from about 0.001% to about 0.1% (weight / weight).In some embodiments, quaternary ammonium salts, such as C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, are present in the pharmaceutical composition in amounts ranging from about 0.001% to about 0.01% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, quaternary ammonium salts, such as C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, are present in the pharmaceutical composition in amounts ranging from about 0.01% to about 5% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, quaternary ammonium salts, such as C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, are present in the pharmaceutical composition in amounts ranging from about 0.01% to about 4% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, quaternary ammonium salts, such as C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, are present in the pharmaceutical composition in amounts ranging from about 0.01% to about 3% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, quaternary ammonium salts, such as C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, are present in the pharmaceutical composition in amounts ranging from about 0.01% to about 2% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, quaternary ammonium salts, such as C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, are present in the pharmaceutical composition in amounts ranging from about 0.01% to about 1% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, quaternary ammonium salts, such as C12-C14 alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, are present in the pharmaceutical composition in amounts ranging from about 0.01% to about 0.1% (weight / weight).In some embodiments, quaternary ammonium salts, such as C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, are present in the pharmaceutical composition in amounts ranging from about 0.001% to about 5% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, quaternary ammonium salts, such as C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, are present in the pharmaceutical composition in amounts ranging from about 0.01% to about 5% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, quaternary ammonium salts, such as C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, are present in the pharmaceutical composition in amounts ranging from about 0.1% to about 5% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, quaternary ammonium salts, such as C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, are present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 1% to about 5% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, quaternary ammonium salts, such as C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, are present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 2% to about 5% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, quaternary ammonium salts, such as C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, are present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 3% to about 5% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, quaternary ammonium salts, such as C12-C14 alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12 alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, are present in the pharmaceutical composition in amounts ranging from about 4% to about 5% (by weight).In some embodiments, quaternary ammonium salts, such as C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, are present in the pharmaceutical composition in amounts ranging from about 0.001% to about 4% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, quaternary ammonium salts, such as C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, are present in the pharmaceutical composition in amounts ranging from about 0.01% to about 4% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, quaternary ammonium salts, such as C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, are present in the pharmaceutical composition in amounts ranging from about 0.1% to about 4% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, quaternary ammonium salts, such as C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, are present in the pharmaceutical composition in amounts ranging from about 1% to about 4% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, quaternary ammonium salts, such as C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, are present in the pharmaceutical composition in amounts ranging from about 2% to about 4% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, quaternary ammonium salts, such as C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, are present in the pharmaceutical composition in amounts ranging from about 3% to about 4% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, quaternary ammonium salts, such as C12-C14 alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12 alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, are present in the pharmaceutical composition in amounts ranging from about 0.001% to about 3% (weight / weight).In some embodiments, quaternary ammonium salts, such as C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, are present in the pharmaceutical composition in amounts ranging from about 0.01% to about 3% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, quaternary ammonium salts, such as C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, are present in the pharmaceutical composition in amounts ranging from about 0.1% to about 3% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, quaternary ammonium salts, such as C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, are present in the pharmaceutical composition in amounts ranging from about 1% to about 3% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, quaternary ammonium salts, such as C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, are present in the pharmaceutical composition in amounts ranging from about 2% to about 3% (weight / weight). Rubenzyl)dimethylammonium is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 2% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, quaternary ammonium salts, such as C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, are present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 2% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, quaternary ammonium salts, such as C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, are present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.1% to about 2% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, quaternary ammonium salts, such as C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, are present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 1% to about 2% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, quaternary ammonium salts, such as C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, are present in the pharmaceutical composition in amounts ranging from about 0.001% to about 1% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, quaternary ammonium salts, such as C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, are present in the pharmaceutical composition in amounts ranging from about 0.01% to about 1% (weight / weight). In some embodiments, quaternary ammonium salts, such as C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, are present in the pharmaceutical composition in amounts ranging from about 0.1% to about 1% (weight / weight).

[0111] In some embodiments, quaternary ammonium salts disrupt phospholipids within microbial cell walls, promoting autolysis and allowing additional antimicrobial agents incorporated into fabric compositions, such as apparel fabric compositions, to penetrate microbial cells. In some embodiments, the additional antimicrobial agents are injected or impregnated into a base fabric material by a supercritical fluid as disclosed herein, for example, by mixing with the quaternary ammonium salt before contact with the supercritical fluid or by mixing with the supercritical fluid before contact with the quaternary ammonium salt. In some embodiments, the additional antimicrobial agents are coated onto a fabric material formed by the method disclosed herein.

[0112] Supercritical fluid injection or impregnation method In some embodiments, the composition is prepared by a method comprising bringing the base fabric material and the beneficial agent into contact with supercritical fluid carbon dioxide (SCF-CO2) in an enclosure under high pressure, thereby enabling the beneficial agent to impregnate at least a portion of the inner portion of the base fabric material. In some embodiments, the method further comprises depressurizing the enclosure after impregnating at least a portion of the inner portion of the base fabric material with the beneficial agent.

[0113] In some embodiments, after the base fabric material and beneficial agent are introduced into the enclosure, SCF-CO2 is introduced into the enclosure. In the compositions of embodiments 36-37, the beneficial agent and SCF-CO2 are mixed to form a mixture, and then the mixture is brought into contact with the base fabric material inside the enclosure. In some embodiments, the high pressure is about 500 psi to about 6000 psi.

[0114] In some embodiments, the high pressure is approximately 500 psi to approximately 2500 psi. In some embodiments, the high pressure is approximately 1000 psi to approximately 2500 psi. In some embodiments, the high pressure is approximately 1000 psi to approximately 2000 psi. In some embodiments, the high pressure is approximately 1500 psi to approximately 2000 psi. In some embodiments, the temperature inside the enclosure is approximately 15°C to approximately 60°C. In some embodiments, the temperature inside the enclosure is approximately 30°C to approximately 55°C. In some embodiments, the temperature inside the enclosure is approximately 40°C to approximately 50°C. In some embodiments, the base fabric material comprises decellularized tissue.

[0115] In some embodiments, the high pressure is approximately 2500 psi to approximately 6000 psi. In some embodiments, the high pressure is approximately 3000 psi to approximately 6000 psi. In some embodiments, the high pressure is approximately 3000 psi to approximately 5000 psi. In some embodiments, the high pressure is approximately 4000 psi to approximately 5000 psi. In some embodiments, the temperature inside the enclosure is approximately 60°C to approximately 160°C. In some embodiments, the temperature inside the enclosure is approximately 80°C to approximately 150°C. In some embodiments, the temperature inside the enclosure is approximately 110°C to approximately 130°C. In some embodiments, the base fabric material comprises polypropylene.

[0116] In some embodiments, the contact between the base fabric material and the beneficial agent and SCF-CO2 is carried out for a period of time from about 1 minute to about 24 hours. In some embodiments, the contact between the base fabric material and the beneficial agent and SCF-CO2 is carried out for a period of time from about 5 minutes to about 10 hours. In some embodiments, the contact between the base fabric material and the beneficial agent and SCF-CO2 is carried out for a period of time from about 5 minutes to about 8 hours.

[0117] In some embodiments, a method for preparing a fabric composition, such as an apparel fabric composition, is disclosed herein, comprising: (i) placing the base fabric material, which includes a surface portion and an inner portion, into an enclosure; (ii) allowing supercritical fluid carbon dioxide (SCF-CO2) to flow into the enclosure and come into contact with the base fabric material under high pressure in the presence of a beneficial agent; and (iii) depressurizing the inside of the enclosure after at least a portion of the inner portion of the base fabric material has been impregnated with the beneficial agent.

[0118] In some embodiments, the base fabric material and beneficial agent are placed inside the enclosure, after which SCF-CO2 enters the enclosure. In some embodiments, the beneficial agent is mixed with SCF-CO2 to form a mixture, and this mixture then comes into contact with the base fabric material inside the enclosure. In some embodiments, the high pressure is about 500 psi to about 6000 psi.

[0119] In some embodiments, the high pressure is approximately 500 psi to approximately 2500 psi. In some embodiments, the high pressure is approximately 1000 psi to approximately 2500 psi. In some embodiments, the high pressure is approximately 1000 psi to approximately 2000 psi. In some embodiments, the high pressure is approximately 1500 psi to approximately 2000 psi. In some embodiments, the temperature inside the enclosure is approximately 15°C to approximately 60°C during contact. In some embodiments, the temperature inside the enclosure is approximately 30°C to approximately 55°C during contact. In some embodiments, the temperature inside the enclosure is approximately 40°C to approximately 50°C during contact. In some embodiments, the base fabric material comprises decellularized tissue.

[0120] In some embodiments, the high pressure is approximately 2500 psi to approximately 6000 psi. In some embodiments, the high pressure is approximately 3000 psi to approximately 6000 psi. In some embodiments, the high pressure is approximately 3000 psi to approximately 5000 psi. In some embodiments, the high pressure is approximately 4000 psi to approximately 5000 psi. In some embodiments, the temperature inside the enclosure is approximately 60°C to approximately 160°C during contact. In some embodiments, the temperature inside the enclosure is approximately 80°C to approximately 150°C during contact. In some embodiments, the temperature inside the enclosure is approximately 110°C to approximately 130°C during contact. In some embodiments, the base fabric material comprises polypropylene.

[0121] In some embodiments, the contact between the base fabric material and the beneficial agent and SCF-CO2 is carried out for a period of time from about 1 minute to about 24 hours. In some embodiments, the contact between the base fabric material and the beneficial agent and SCF-CO2 is carried out for a period of time from about 5 minutes to about 10 hours. In some embodiments, the contact between the base fabric material and the beneficial agent and SCF-CO2 is carried out for a period of time from about 5 minutes to about 8 hours.

[0122] In some embodiments, contact between SCF-CO2 and the base fabric material is carried out in the presence of the beneficial agent and solvent. In some embodiments, the solvent is mixed with the beneficial agent before contact between SCF-CO2 and the base fabric material. In some embodiments, the solvent is mixed with SCF-CO2 in the presence of the beneficial agent before contact between SCF-CO2 and the base fabric material.

[0123] In some embodiments, the supercritical fluid that can be used to carry out the present invention is a gas (i.e., a compound that is a gas at atmospheric pressure and 25°C). Examples of such supercritical fluids include, but are not limited to, carbon dioxide, ammonia, water, methanol, ethanol, ethane, propane, butane, pentane, dimethyl ether, xenon, sulfur hexafluoride, chlorofluorocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons (perfluoromethane and perfluoropropane, chloroform, trichloro-fluoromethane, dichloro-difluoromethane, dichloro-tetrafluoroethane), halogenated and partially halogenated substances, and mixtures thereof. Carbon dioxide is preferred.

[0124] The supercritical fluid may be used on its own, or it may be contained with a cosolvent (e.g., in an amount of 0.01 or 0.1 to 20 or 30% by weight or more). Examples of cosolvents include, but are not limited to, water and organic cosolvents. The organic cosolvent may be one compound or a mixture of two or more components. The organic cosolvent may be an alcohol (diol, triol, etc.), an ether, an amine, a ketone, a carbonate, or an alkane, or a hydrocarbon (aliphatic or aromatic), or may contain these. The organic cosolvent may be a mixture of compounds such as the mixture of alkanes shown above, or a mixture of one or more alkanes combined with a further compound such as one or more alcohols (e.g., 0 or 0.1 to 5% C1-C15 alcohols (including diols, triols, etc.)). See, for example, U.S. Patent No. 6,669,785. The solvent may optionally contain a surfactant such as (e.g.) described in U.S. Patent No. 6,669,785.

[0125] The solvent is preferably provided in a high-density form. This high-density form may be a gas, liquid (including a fluid near its critical point), or high-density fluid with a density greater than 1.1 times the gas density in the STP, and these three forms are sometimes collectively referred to as a “high-density” fluid or “high-density” gas. See, for example, U.S. Patents 6,860,123; 6,837,611; and 6,755,871.

[0126] Impregnating fabric materials, such as apparel fabrics, with antimicrobial and antibiofilm agents using supercritical fluid (SCF) technology is a novel method that applies the behavior of supercritical fluids as solvents / poor solvents. By using a proprietary co-solvent, desired compounds or mixtures of compounds, solutions, and materials (injectors, drugs, and active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs)) are injected (impregnated) into the fabric material, thereby imparting antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties to the material. SCF capabilities are utilized to develop rapid and low-cost processing methods that do not significantly increase implant manufacturing costs, and impregnation is performed using novel equipment and methods. Some examples include, but are not limited to, breast augmentation implants with antibiofilm and antiinfection properties, cannulas and catheters for ureteral or circulatory access with antibiofilm and antiinfection properties, orthopedic implants containing human bone graft donor materials with antibiofilm and antiinfection properties, and effective and robust hernia repair implant meshes with antiinfection properties that can be rapidly manufactured at minimal cost.

[0127] Articles made of fabric injected or impregnated with beneficial agents In some embodiments, this disclosure relates to articles such as apparel using fabrics injected or impregnated with the beneficial agents disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the apparel is clothing. In some embodiments, the apparel is footwear.

[0128] In some embodiments, a fabric is used to form an apparel item after being injected or impregnated with a beneficial agent. In some embodiments, an apparel item is formed using a fabric that has not been injected or impregnated with a beneficial agent, and then the apparel item is injected or impregnated with a beneficial agent. In some embodiments, the use of a fabric injected or impregnated with a beneficial agent as disclosed herein does not adversely affect the structural integrity of the apparel fabric or apparel item. In some embodiments, the use of a fabric injected or impregnated with a beneficial agent as disclosed herein enhances the structural integrity of the apparel fabric or apparel item.

[0129] Sportswear In some embodiments, apparel is sportswear. Sportswear or activewear is clothing, including footwear, worn for sports or physical activity. Sportswear is worn for most sports and physical activities for reasons of physical, comfort, or safety.

[0130] Common sportswear includes tracksuits, shorts, t-shirts, and polo shirts. Specialized clothing includes swimwear (for swimming), wetsuits (for diving or surfing), ski suits (for skiing), and leotards (for gymnastics). Sports footwear includes trainers, football shoes, riding boots, and ice skates. Sportswear also includes bikinis and some cropped tops. Sportswear is sometimes worn as casual fashion clothing.

[0131] In most sports, athletes wear a combination of different clothing items, such as sports shoes, pants, and shirts. In some sports, protective gear such as helmets or American football body armor may be required. Particularly in team sports that involve blocking, intercepting, or tracking small, hard projectiles, such as cricket, baseball, and hockey (hitting the ball or puck at speeds exceeding 100 MPH (45 m / s)), local supporters (or Gill straps) are standard equipment at higher levels of play. Other underwear, such as sports bras, provide both protection and comfort. Some protective or supportive orthopedic devices (especially flexible harnesses and fasteners) serve a similar function to underwear. These are intended to be worn for sports but are generally not considered sportswear in themselves.

[0132] Sports fabrics are technical materials that help maintain the wearer's comfort during exercise. The type of fabric needed will depend on the intensity of the exercise and activity. Yoga clothing should use materials with excellent stretch to ensure ease of movement, and for this purpose, knitted fabrics are likely to be necessary. Long-distance running apparel will maintain the wearer's comfort well by having excellent moisture-wicking properties that allow sweat to move from the inside to the outside of the garment. Performance clothing for winter outdoor sports or snow sports should use breathable fabrics with very good insulation.

[0133] In affluent and growing economies, sportswear is a major consumer category in personal health, luxury, and leisure spaces, associated with a strong media presence and globally-oriented marketing strategies. These often revolve around endorsements from famous athletes. At the highest levels of performance, the durability requirements for costly and technically advanced sportswear items can be as short as a single sporting event. At lower levels of competition and participation, there can be many trade-offs between form, function, aesthetics (fashion), performance style, durability, and cost. This results in a dizzying variety of product types, particularly in footwear (more specifically running shoes and court shoes), where these variables clash most fiercely, from seasonal challenges and improvements to redesigns by major brands, elevating them to iconic status within certain cultural subgroups.

[0134] Sportswear is typically designed to be lightweight so as not to burden the wearer. For some forms of exercise, such as cycling, the best sportswear should not create resistance and should not be too bulky. On the other hand, sportswear needs to be loose enough not to restrict movement. Some sports have specific style requirements, such as the "training uniform" used in karate. Physically dangerous sports, such as fencing, American football, or ice hockey, require protective gear.

[0135] Sportswear design must take into account the wearer's need for insulation. In hot conditions, sportswear should allow the wearer to stay cool, while in cold conditions, it should help the wearer stay warm.

[0136] Sportswear also needs to be able to move sweat away from the skin using, for example, moisture-transfer fabrics. Spandex is a popular material used as a base layer to wick away sweat. For example, in activities such as skiing and mountaineering, this is achieved by using layering: a moisture-transfer (water-wicking) material is worn close to the skin, followed by an insulating layer, and then a windproof and waterproof shell garment.

[0137] Moisture-wicking fabrics are a category of high-tech fabrics that provide moisture control for an athlete's skin. These fabrics can wick sweat away from the body and onto the outer surface of the fabric, allowing it to evaporate. These fabrics are typically soft, lightweight, and stretchy, making them ideal for creating activewear. Moisture-wicking means the fabric is absorbent, leaving a damp fabric barrier on the skin. Quick-drying is the latest variation of moisture-wicking. This is a clever two-layer fabric that breaks the surface tension of sweat, allowing it to pass through a hydrophobic layer to a naturally hygroscopic outer layer like cotton, and completely dry the skin through evaporative cooling. In addition to the fact that the body can function better, this will prevent odor without chemicals, as the bacterial microclimate cannot thrive on dry skin. This broad category of fabrics is used to create garments such as T-shirts, sports bras, running and cycling jerseys, socks, tracksuits, and polo-style shirts for any physical activity where the goal is to keep the skin as cool and dry as possible. Moisture-wicking fabrics are used to create apparel for outdoor activities such as hiking, fishing, mountain biking, snow skiing, and mountaineering. The popularity of clothing made from these fabrics has led to the introduction of more variations to the market.

[0138] protective clothing In some embodiments, apparel items are protective clothing. Sportswear also includes various protective gear required for contact sports such as lacrosse, boxing, and ice hockey. Different types of protective equipment are required depending on the type of sport and position. Types of equipment include headgear, shin pads, shoulder pads, and joint supports and protective gloves.

[0139] Headgear is required in most sports with a high risk of head injury, including American football, bobsleigh, and cycling. Head injuries can cause serious spinal damage and can be life-threatening. In sports such as rugby and boxing, participants are not required to wear head protection, but trainers or referees may select protective gear depending on the player's history of head-related injuries. Certain positions in some sports may require different types of protection. For example, ice hockey goalkeepers wear a different type of face mask compared to other positions. The goalkeeper also wears thick gloves and shin guards, along with arm pads, to protect themselves from the strong impact of the puck. In baseball, catchers and batters wear headgear to protect themselves from high-speed pitches. Different types of headgear must meet the protection standards set by various organizations. Helmets for American football must be regulated by the National Football League or the NCAA. While new rules for safe play are effective, repeated impacts to the head still leave players at risk of brain injury. Football players are more likely to develop brain-related disorders during or after their careers compared to players of other sports.

[0140] Golf attire Golf has a long tradition of distinctive attire—clothing that reflects the tradition of Scottish nobility who walked the golf course, swung their clubs, and breathed fresh air while exercising in a refined and elegant manner. However, golf attire is also influenced by a new trend towards fabrics that emphasize functionality and durability. Like athletes in other sports, golfers prioritize athleticism first, and public persona second. Athletes in all sports have shown a preference for moisture-wicking fabrics, neat details, and new, fashionable colors.

[0141] Snow gear and ski apparel Different types of clothing are necessary for extreme weather conditions such as snow. Thicker coats or jackets, gloves, and boots are essential in the cold. Winter sports such as snowboarding and skiing require riders and skiers to be properly equipped in the snow. Unlike casual coats, snow jackets may be lined with special insulation and thicker coatings. The insulation is usually made using down, which is a layer of fine feathers from geese or ducks. These feathers naturally insulate, just as birds do to retain warmth in harsh winter weather. The feathers trap air inside, preventing body heat from escaping. Down is also considered the highest quality insulation for jackets. Down is lightweight and compressible. Alternative types of insulation have been invented, including synthetic microfiber and polyester-based insulation. These materials perform just as well as, if not better than, down and have become popular in the market with the help of major brands using such materials for their gear.

[0142] Winter gear also needs flexibility to allow for a wide range of movement. An ideal jacket should have sufficient insulation to keep you warm, but should be lightweight and made from unrestrictive materials. Down jackets are lightweight and warm, but tend to be more expensive. Furthermore, down jackets are usually not waterproof. However, synthetic insulated jackets are waterproof and cheaper than down, but they compromise these insulating properties and are heavier.

[0143] Prevention of leaching under physical stress In some embodiments, the fabric materials disclosed herein retain beneficial agents impregnated therein for extended periods while under physical stress, such as bending and stretching induced by body movement. In some embodiments, the beneficial agents retained in the fabric material enable the fabric material to maintain sufficient mechanical strength and / or structural rigidity for extended periods while under physical stress. While we do not wish to be bound by any particular theory, in some embodiments, the beneficial agents impregnated in the fabric material are intended to prevent or reduce microbial attack on the fabric material from the surrounding environment. While we do not wish to be bound by any particular theory, in some embodiments, the beneficial agents impregnated in the fabric material are intended to prevent or reduce biofilm growth on the fabric material.

[0144] In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 50% of the beneficial agent after 5 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 60% of the beneficial agent after 5 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 70% of the beneficial agent after 5 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 80% of the beneficial agent after 5 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 90% of the beneficial agent after 5 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 95% of the beneficial agent after 5 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 99% of the beneficial agent after 5 uses.

[0145] In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 50% of the beneficial agent after 10 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 60% of the beneficial agent after 10 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 70% of the beneficial agent after 10 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 80% of the beneficial agent after 10 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 90% of the beneficial agent after 10 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 95% of the beneficial agent after 10 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 99% of the beneficial agent after 10 uses.

[0146] In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 50% of the beneficial agent after 20 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 60% of the beneficial agent after 20 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 70% of the beneficial agent after 20 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 80% of the beneficial agent after 20 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 90% of the beneficial agent after 20 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 95% of the beneficial agent after 20 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 99% of the beneficial agent after 20 uses.

[0147] In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 50% of the beneficial agent after 30 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 60% of the beneficial agent after 30 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 70% of the beneficial agent after 30 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 80% of the beneficial agent after 30 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 90% of the beneficial agent after 30 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 95% of the beneficial agent after 30 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 99% of the beneficial agent after 30 uses.

[0148] In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 50% of the beneficial agent after 40 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 60% of the beneficial agent after 40 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 70% of the beneficial agent after 40 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 80% of the beneficial agent after 40 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 90% of the beneficial agent after 40 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 95% of the beneficial agent after 40 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 99% of the beneficial agent after 40 uses.

[0149] In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 50% of the beneficial agent after 50 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 60% of the beneficial agent after 50 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 70% of the beneficial agent after 50 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 80% of the beneficial agent after 50 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 90% of the beneficial agent after 50 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 95% of the beneficial agent after 50 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 99% of the beneficial agent after 50 uses.

[0150] In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 50% of the beneficial agent after 60 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 60% of the beneficial agent after 60 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 70% of the beneficial agent after 60 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 80% of the beneficial agent after 60 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 90% of the beneficial agent after 60 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 95% of the beneficial agent after 60 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 99% of the beneficial agent after 60 uses.

[0151] In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 50% of the beneficial agent after 70 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 60% of the beneficial agent after 70 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 70% of the beneficial agent after 70 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 80% of the beneficial agent after 70 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 90% of the beneficial agent after 70 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 95% of the beneficial agent after 70 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 99% of the beneficial agent after 70 uses.

[0152] In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 50% of the beneficial agent after 80 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 60% of the beneficial agent after 80 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 70% of the beneficial agent after 80 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 80% of the beneficial agent after 80 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 90% of the beneficial agent after 80 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 95% of the beneficial agent after 80 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 99% of the beneficial agent after 80 uses.

[0153] In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 50% of the beneficial agent after 90 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 60% of the beneficial agent after 90 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 70% of the beneficial agent after 90 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 80% of the beneficial agent after 90 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 90% of the beneficial agent after 90 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 95% of the beneficial agent after 90 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 99% of the beneficial agent after 90 uses.

[0154] In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 50% of the beneficial agent after 100 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 60% of the beneficial agent after 100 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 70% of the beneficial agent after 100 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 80% of the beneficial agent after 100 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 90% of the beneficial agent after 100 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 95% of the beneficial agent after 100 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 99% of the beneficial agent after 100 uses.

[0155] In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 50% of the beneficial agent after 200 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 60% of the beneficial agent after 200 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 70% of the beneficial agent after 200 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 80% of the beneficial agent after 200 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 90% of the beneficial agent after 200 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 95% of the beneficial agent after 200 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 99% of the beneficial agent after 200 uses.

[0156] Preventing bleeding after washing In some embodiments, the fabric materials disclosed herein retain beneficial agents impregnated therein for extended periods while the fabric is repeatedly washed. In some embodiments, the beneficial agents retained in the fabric material enable the fabric material to maintain sufficient mechanical strength and / or structural rigidity for extended periods while it is repeatedly washed.

[0157] In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 50% of the beneficial agent after five washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 60% of the beneficial agent after five washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 70% of the beneficial agent after five washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 80% of the beneficial agent after five washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 90% of the beneficial agent after five washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 95% of the beneficial agent after five washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 99% of the beneficial agent after five washes.

[0158] In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 50% of the beneficial agent after 10 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 60% of the beneficial agent after 10 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 70% of the beneficial agent after 10 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 80% of the beneficial agent after 10 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 90% of the beneficial agent after 10 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 95% of the beneficial agent after 10 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 99% of the beneficial agent after 10 washes.

[0159] In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 50% of the beneficial agent after 20 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 60% of the beneficial agent after 20 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 70% of the beneficial agent after 20 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 80% of the beneficial agent after 20 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 90% of the beneficial agent after 20 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 95% of the beneficial agent after 20 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 99% of the beneficial agent after 20 washes.

[0160] In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 50% of the beneficial agent after 30 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 60% of the beneficial agent after 30 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 70% of the beneficial agent after 30 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 80% of the beneficial agent after 30 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 90% of the beneficial agent after 30 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 95% of the beneficial agent after 30 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 99% of the beneficial agent after 30 washes.

[0161] In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 50% of the beneficial agent after 40 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 60% of the beneficial agent after 40 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 70% of the beneficial agent after 40 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 80% of the beneficial agent after 40 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 90% of the beneficial agent after 40 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 95% of the beneficial agent after 40 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 99% of the beneficial agent after 40 washes.

[0162] In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 50% of the beneficial agent after 50 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 60% of the beneficial agent after 50 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 70% of the beneficial agent after 50 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 80% of the beneficial agent after 50 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 90% of the beneficial agent after 50 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 95% of the beneficial agent after 50 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 99% of the beneficial agent after 50 washes.

[0163] In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 50% of the beneficial agent after 60 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 60% of the beneficial agent after 60 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 70% of the beneficial agent after 60 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 80% of the beneficial agent after 60 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 90% of the beneficial agent after 60 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 95% of the beneficial agent after 60 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 99% of the beneficial agent after 60 washes.

[0164] In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 50% of the beneficial agent after 70 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 60% of the beneficial agent after 70 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 70% of the beneficial agent after 70 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 80% of the beneficial agent after 70 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 90% of the beneficial agent after 70 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 95% of the beneficial agent after 70 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 99% of the beneficial agent after 70 washes.

[0165] In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 50% of the beneficial agent after 80 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 60% of the beneficial agent after 80 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 70% of the beneficial agent after 80 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 80% of the beneficial agent after 80 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 90% of the beneficial agent after 80 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 95% of the beneficial agent after 80 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 99% of the beneficial agent after 80 washes.

[0166] In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 50% of the beneficial agent after 90 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 60% of the beneficial agent after 90 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 70% of the beneficial agent after 90 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 80% of the beneficial agent after 90 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 90% of the beneficial agent after 90 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 95% of the beneficial agent after 90 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 99% of the beneficial agent after 90 washes.

[0167] In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 50% of the beneficial agent after 100 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 60% of the beneficial agent after 100 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 70% of the beneficial agent after 100 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 80% of the beneficial agent after 100 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 90% of the beneficial agent after 100 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 95% of the beneficial agent after 100 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 99% of the beneficial agent after 100 washes.

[0168] In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 50% of the beneficial agent after 200 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 60% of the beneficial agent after 200 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 70% of the beneficial agent after 200 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 80% of the beneficial agent after 200 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 90% of the beneficial agent after 200 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 95% of the beneficial agent after 200 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 99% of the beneficial agent after 200 washes.

[0169] Controlled release In some embodiments, the fabric materials disclosed herein release beneficial agents impregnated therein into the surrounding environment over extended periods and / or under controlled conditions. In some embodiments, the release of beneficial agents in the fabric materials treats or prevents wear-related illnesses or conditions such as abrasion, allergic reactions, irritation, and others.

[0170] In some embodiments, the formulation provides the release of at least one beneficial agent. In certain embodiments, the diffusion of at least one beneficial agent from the formulation occurs over a period of time exceeding 5 minutes, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 4 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, 18 hours, 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6 days, 7 days, 10 days, 12 days, 14 days, 18 days, 21 days, 25 days, 30 days, 45 days, 2 months, 30 days, 30 days, 45 days, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 9 months, or 1 year. In other embodiments, a therapeutically effective dose of at least one antimicrobial agent is released from the formulation for a period of time exceeding 5 minutes, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 4 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, 18 hours, 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6 days, 7 days, 10 days, 12 days, 14 days, 18 days, 21 days, 25 days, 30 days, 45 days, 21 days, 25 days, 3030 days, 30 days, 45 days, 21 days, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 9 months, or 1 year.

[0171] In other embodiments, the formulation provides both immediate-release and sustained-release formulations of a beneficial drug. In yet another embodiment, the formulation includes immediate-release and sustained-release formulations in a 0.25:1 ratio, or 0.5:1 ratio, or 1:1 ratio, or 1:2 ratio, or 1:3 ratio, or 1:4 ratio, or 1:5 ratio, or 1:7 ratio, or 1:10 ratio, or 1:15 ratio, or 1:20 ratio. In yet another embodiment, the formulation provides immediate-release of a first beneficial drug and extended-release of a second beneficial drug or other therapeutic agent. In yet another embodiment, the formulation provides immediate-release and sustained-release formulations of at least one beneficial drug, as well as at least one therapeutic agent. In some embodiments, the above formulations provide immediate-release and sustained-release formulations of the first beneficial agent and the second therapeutic agent in a ratio of 0.25:1, 0.5:1, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:7, 1:10, 1:15, or 1:20, respectively.

[0172] Combinations of immediate-release, delayed-release, and / or sustained-release beneficial drug compositions or formulations may be combined with other pharmaceuticals, as well as excipients, diluents, stabilizers, isotonic agents, and other components disclosed herein. For example, depending on the beneficial drug used, the desired thickness or viscosity, or the chosen delivery method, alternative embodiments of the embodiments disclosed herein may be combined accordingly with the immediate-release, delayed-release, and / or sustained-release embodiments.

[0173] Odor reduction or elimination of fabrics Clothing and footwear fabrics come into close contact with skin microorganisms and environmental microorganisms. Clothing creates a warm, moist environment on the skin, leading to bacterial growth. In some cases, these microorganisms can cause unpleasant odors, discoloration, fabric deterioration, and even physical irritations such as skin allergies and skin infections. The skin consists of various niches, each inhabited by its specific bacterial population. Very dry areas such as the forearms, torso, and legs may harbor only 102 bacteria per cm², while the armpits, navel, and spaces between the toes contain fewer than 107 bacteria per cm². Human skin contains fewer than 19 different phyla, and even the forearm, a single niche, can contain fewer than 9 different phyla. Skin microorganisms migrate to clothing fibers and interact with them in several phases, including adhesion, growth, and damage to the fibers. Bacterial growth is caused by sweat secretions, skin shedding, natural particles present in the clothing fibers or the fibers themselves, or nutrients from other places in the environment. The origin and composition of the clothing fabric are key factors determining bacterial-fiber interactions. There are significant differences in how bacteria adhere to synthetic fibers compared to natural fibers. Natural fibers are susceptible to damage due to the microbiota, which has the ability to adsorb natural nutrients and sweat components present in clothing. Cellulose fibers are broken down by a range of bacteria and fungi that possess cellulose-degrading enzymes. Synthetic fibers collect moisture in the free spaces between fibers, but do not adsorb moisture into the fibers themselves. Therefore, synthetic fibers are also less susceptible to bacterial degradation due to the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) base of the fibers.

[0174] Underarm odor originates not only from the skin of the armpit but also from the fabric of the underarm area, sometimes called primary odor, which originates from the armpit itself, while secondary odor originates from the clothing in contact with the armpit. In this case, the odor will differ between the two areas. It is known that stronger body odor is produced by wearing natural fabrics and leather and synthetic clothing fabrics. This is considered common knowledge; nevertheless, there is little published data to support this finding. Nevertheless, much research has been done on controlling body odor by adding antimicrobial agents to fabrics.

[0175] Corynebacterium spp. has been identified as a cause of odor in human underarms. However, the specific microorganisms involved in odor generation in clothing fabrics remain unclear. Few studies have been conducted to determine the microbiota surviving in clothing. Therefore, this study focuses on (i) determining the microbial populations surviving in clothing, (ii) determining whether different fabrics harbor different populations, and (iii) determining the odor profiles of different used fabrics after sports sessions. This study primarily focuses on cotton (natural, primarily cellulose-based) in contrast to polyester (synthetic) clothing fabrics. An in vivo case study was conducted with 26 healthy individuals performing a one-hour cycling spinning session wearing 100% cotton, 100% polyester, and intermediate cotton / synthetic clothing. A 28-hour time interval was allowed between fitness and odor assessment to allow bacteria to grow on the fabrics. A selected and trained odor panel assessed the odor of the individuals' T-shirts. The bacterial population will be analyzed by gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) using a denaturing agent. In vitro growth experiments will be conducted to analyze the selective enrichment of isolates on different clothing fabrics.

[0176] In some embodiments, microorganisms associated with medical device-related infections include, but are not limited to, fungi such as Candida albicans and other Candida species.

[0177] In some embodiments, the various features disclosed herein act as fully integrated antimicrobial agents on the surface and within considerable depth of the material / product, inhibiting and / or actively killing microorganisms both initially and in the long term.

[0178] In some embodiments, the various features disclosed herein function as material / product preservatives by long-term inhibition and / or killing of the activity of microbial contamination when the antimicrobial agent is delivered to a considerable depth on the surface and inside the material / product. The preservative effect is obtained by a long-term mechanism of action against microorganisms that, in the absence of the antimicrobial agent, may be at great risk of impairing these desired features over time due to microbial contamination, as well as other structural features such as structural integrity, elasticity, and durability of the untreated material / product.

[0179] In some embodiments, the various features disclosed herein serve as a measure of continuous hygiene for materials and products for which there is no reasonable method expected to clean during the consumer life of the material or product. There are many examples where materials and products, thanks to these designs, lack access to measures of normal hygiene due to encapsulation, sewn-in designs, positional inaccessibility, and other manufacturing nuances that limit or eliminate the possibility of normal hygiene. By delivering antimicrobial agents to the surface and considerable depth within the material and product by means such as supercritical fluid CO2 impregnation, components that cannot be hygienically delivered by other means are saturated with antimicrobial agents and serve as a continuous hygiene measure. This works through a chronic mechanism of action against microorganisms that could cause contamination of normally inaccessible parts of the material or product.

[0180] Coating vs. Injection / Impregnation Previous attempts to coat fabrics with antimicrobial or antibiofilm agents have employed complex and expensive multi-step methods and / or utilized toxic solvents as part of the process. In addition, agents coated onto fabrics tend to leach out or dissolve from the fabric after repeated use, repeated washing, or both. The supercritical CO2 injection / impregnation disclosed herein allows beneficial agents to be present throughout the fabric, including deep penetration into the surface region of the fabric material. While we do not wish to be bound by any particular theory, this allows the injected or impregnated fabric to have significantly improved leaching resistance after repeated use, repeated washing, or both.

[0181] In addition, coating methods often require chemicals and conditions that are compatible with the stability and suitability of the beneficial agent and / or fabric material. This disclosure recognizes the need for a method to completely impregnate a fabric material while completely retaining the target compound. This transformation presents a significant barrier to the fabric material forming a biofilm throughout its matrix. In some embodiments, complete impregnation is essential for fabric properties such as antimicrobial or odor-preventive properties.

[0182] Non-limiting embodiments This disclosure will be further illustrated by the following non-limiting embodiments. However, the use of these and other embodiments elsewhere in this specification is illustrative and in no way limits the scope and meaning of this disclosure. Similarly, this disclosure is not limited to any particular preferred embodiment or aspect described herein. In fact, modifications and alterations will be obvious to those skilled in the art by reading this specification and such modifications can be made without departing from the spirit or scope of this disclosure. 1. Fabric composition, optionally an apparel fabric composition, wherein the above composition is: A base fabric material having a surface portion and an inner portion; and A beneficial agent incorporated throughout the entire base fabric material, wherein at least a portion of the inner part of the base fabric material is impregnated with the beneficial agent, A composition comprising the following. 2. The composition according to Embodiment 1, wherein the base fabric material comprises a synthetic material, which is optionally selected from polyester, nylon, acrylic, spandex, polyolefin, neoprene, fleece, microfiber, synthetic leather / suede, recycled materials thereof, and formulations thereof. 3. The composition according to Embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the base fabric material comprises natural materials, and the natural materials are optionally selected from cotton, linen, hemp, bamboo, silk, jute, ramie, coir, rayon, cellulose, recycled products thereof, and formulations thereof. 4. The composition according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 3, wherein the above-mentioned beneficial agent comprises an antibacterial agent. 5. The composition according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 4, wherein the above beneficial agent comprises a deodorant, a performance additive, or a combination thereof. 6. The composition according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 5, wherein the beneficial agent is a quaternary ammonium salt. 7. The composition according to Embodiment 6, wherein the quaternary ammonium salt comprises a C12 or C14 alkyl chain. 8. The composition according to Embodiment 6, wherein the above-mentioned quaternary ammonium salt is neither benzalkonium chloride nor a polymeric quaternary ammonium salt. 9. The composition according to Embodiment 6, wherein the quaternary ammonium salt is C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride. 10. The composition according to Embodiment 6, wherein the above quaternary ammonium salt is C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride. 11. The composition according to Embodiment 6, wherein the above-mentioned quaternary ammonium salt is C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride. 12. The above-mentioned antibacterial agent is a composition according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 11, which inhibits or prevents the growth of odor-causing bacteria. 13. The composition according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 12, wherein the deodorant is selected from zeolite, engineering polymer, cyclodextrin, activated carbon, silver, fragrance, and combinations thereof. 14. The composition according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 13, wherein the performance additive is selected from flexibility-enhancing additives, elasticity-enhancing additives, fabric-strengthening additives, UV protection additives, wetting agents, and combinations thereof. 15. The composition according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 14, wherein the beneficial agent is unevenly impregnated throughout the fabric material. 16. The composition according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 14, wherein the beneficial agent is uniformly impregnated throughout the entire fabric material. 17. The composition according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 15, wherein at least 30% of the inner portion of the base fabric material is impregnated with the beneficial agent. 18. The composition according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 15, wherein at least 50% of the inner portion of the base fabric material is impregnated with the beneficial agent. 19. The composition according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 15, wherein at least 60% of the inner portion of the base fabric material is impregnated with the beneficial agent. 20. The composition according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 15, wherein at least 70% of the inner portion of the base fabric material is impregnated with the beneficial agent. 21. The composition according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 20, wherein the composition retains at least 50% of the beneficial agent after 10, 30, 50, or 100 uses. 22. The composition according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 20, wherein the composition retains at least 60% of the beneficial agent after 10, 30, 50, or 100 uses. 23. The composition according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 20, wherein the composition retains at least 70% of the beneficial agent after 10, 30, 50, or 100 uses. 24. The composition according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 20, wherein the composition retains at least 80% of the beneficial agent after 10, 30, 50, or 100 uses. 25. The composition according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 20, wherein the composition retains at least 90% of the beneficial agent after 10, 30, 50, or 100 uses. 26. The composition according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 25, wherein the composition retains at least 50% of the beneficial agent after 10, 30, 50, or 100 washes. 27. The composition according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 25, wherein the composition retains at least 60% of the beneficial agent after 10, 30, 50, or 100 washes. 28. The composition according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 25, wherein the composition retains at least 70% of the beneficial agent after 10, 30, 50, or 100 washes. 29. The composition according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 25, wherein the composition retains at least 80% of the beneficial agent after 10, 30, 50, or 100 washes. 30. The composition according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 25, wherein the composition retains at least 90% of the beneficial agent after 10, 30, 50, or 100 washes. 31. The composition according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 30, wherein the composition is present in a fabric and provides structural strength to the fabric. 32. The composition according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 31, wherein the base fabric material is selected from fabric materials, mesh materials, foam materials, gel materials, and combinations and laminates thereof. 33. The composition according to Embodiments 1 to 31, wherein the base fabric material is a fabric material. 34. The composition according to Embodiments 1 to 33, wherein the base fabric material is a mesh material. 35. The composition according to Embodiment 31, wherein the base fabric material is a foam material. 36. The composition according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 35, wherein the composition is prepared by a method comprising bringing the base fabric material and the beneficial agent into contact with supercritical fluid carbon dioxide (SCF-CO2) in an enclosure under high pressure so that the beneficial agent can impregnate at least a portion of the inner part of the base fabric material. 37. The composition according to Embodiment 36, wherein the method further comprises impregnating at least a portion of the inner part of the base fabric material with the beneficial agent, and then reducing the pressure inside the enclosure. 38. The composition according to embodiment 36 or 37, wherein SCF-CO2 is introduced into the enclosure after the base fabric material and beneficial agent have been introduced into the enclosure. 39. The composition according to embodiment 36 or 37, wherein the above beneficial agent is mixed with SCF-CO2 to form a mixture, and then the mixture and the base fabric material are brought into contact within the enclosure. 40. The composition according to any one of embodiments 36 to 39, wherein the above-mentioned high pressure is approximately 500 psi to approximately 6000 psi. 41. The composition according to any one of Embodiments 36 to 40, wherein the high pressure is approximately 500 psi to approximately 2500 psi. 42. The composition according to any one of Embodiments 36 to 40, wherein the high pressure is approximately 1000 psi to approximately 2500 psi. 43. The composition according to any one of Embodiments 36 to 40, wherein the high pressure is approximately 1000 psi to approximately 2000 psi. 44. The composition according to any one of Embodiments 36 to 40, wherein the high pressure is approximately 1500 psi to approximately 2000 psi. 45. The composition according to Embodiment 41, wherein the temperature inside the enclosure is approximately 15°C to approximately 60°C. 46. ​​The composition according to Embodiment 41, wherein the temperature inside the enclosure is approximately 30°C to approximately 55°C. 47. The composition according to Embodiment 41, wherein the temperature inside the above enclosure is approximately 40°C to approximately 50°C. 48. The composition according to Embodiment 41, wherein the base fabric material comprises decellularized tissue. 49. The composition according to any one of embodiments 36 to 40, wherein the above-mentioned high pressure is approximately 2500 psi to approximately 6000 psi. 50. The composition according to any one of Embodiments 36 to 40, wherein the above-mentioned high pressure is approximately 3000 psi to approximately 6000 psi. 51. The composition according to any one of Embodiments 36 to 40, wherein the above-mentioned high pressure is approximately 3000 psi to approximately 5000 psi. 52. The composition according to any one of Embodiments 36 to 40, wherein the above-mentioned high pressure is approximately 4000 psi to approximately 5000 psi. 53. The composition according to Embodiment 49, wherein the temperature inside the enclosure is approximately 60°C to approximately 160°C. 54. The composition according to Embodiment 49, wherein the temperature inside the enclosure is approximately 80°C to approximately 150°C. 55. The composition according to Embodiment 49, wherein the temperature inside the enclosure is approximately 110°C to approximately 130°C. 56. The composition according to Embodiment 49, wherein the base fabric material comprises polyester or nylon. 57. The composition according to any one of embodiments 36 to 56, wherein the contact between the base fabric material and the beneficial agent and SCF-CO2 is carried out for a period of time from about 1 minute to about 24 hours. 58. The composition according to any one of embodiments 36 to 56, wherein the contact between the base fabric material and the beneficial agent and SCF-CO2 is carried out for a period of time from about 5 minutes to about 10 hours. 59. The composition according to any one of embodiments 36 to 56, wherein the contact between the base fabric material and the beneficial agent and SCF-CO2 is carried out for a period of time from about 5 minutes to about 8 hours. 60. A method for preparing a fabric composition, wherein the above method is: (i) Placing the base fabric material, which includes a surface portion and an inner portion, inside the enclosure; (ii) To enable supercritical fluid carbon dioxide (SCF-CO2) to flow into the enclosure and come into contact with the base fabric material under high pressure in the presence of beneficial agents; (iii) After at least a portion of the inner part of the base fabric material is impregnated with the beneficial agent, the inside of the enclosure is depressurized, A method that includes the following: 61. The method according to Embodiment 60, wherein SCF-CO2 is introduced into the enclosure after the base fabric material and beneficial agent have been introduced into the enclosure. 62. The method according to Embodiment 60, wherein the above beneficial agent is mixed with SCF-CO2 to form a mixture, and then the mixture and the base fabric material are brought into contact within the enclosure. 63. The method according to any one of embodiments 60 to 62, wherein the above-mentioned high pressure is approximately 500 psi to approximately 6000 psi. 64. The composition according to Embodiment 63, wherein the above-mentioned high pressure is approximately 500 psi to approximately 2500 psi. 65. The method according to Embodiment 63, wherein the high pressure is approximately 1000 psi to approximately 2500 psi. 66. The method according to Embodiment 63, wherein the above-mentioned high pressure is approximately 1000 psi to approximately 2000 psi. 67. The method according to Embodiment 63, wherein the high pressure is approximately 1500 psi to approximately 2000 psi. 68. The method according to any one of embodiments 63 to 67, wherein the temperature inside the enclosure is approximately 15°C to approximately 60°C during contact. 69. The method according to any one of embodiments 63 to 67, wherein the temperature inside the enclosure is approximately 30°C to approximately 55°C during contact. 70. The method according to any one of embodiments 63 to 67, wherein the temperature inside the enclosure is approximately 40°C to approximately 50°C during contact. 71. The method according to any one of embodiments 64 to 70, wherein the base fabric material comprises decellularized tissue. 72. The method according to Embodiment 63, wherein the above-mentioned high pressure is approximately 2500 psi to approximately 6000 psi. 73. The method according to Embodiment 63, wherein the above high pressure is approximately 3000 psi to approximately 6000 psi. 74. The method according to Embodiment 63, wherein the above-mentioned high pressure is approximately 3000 psi to approximately 5000 psi. 75. The method according to Embodiment 63, wherein the high pressure is approximately 4000 psi to approximately 5000 psi. 76. The method according to any one of embodiments 72 to 75, wherein the temperature inside the enclosure is approximately 60°C to approximately 160°C during contact. 77. The method according to any one of embodiments 72 to 75, wherein the temperature inside the enclosure is approximately 80°C to approximately 150°C during contact. 78. The method according to any one of embodiments 72 to 75, wherein the temperature inside the enclosure is approximately 110°C to approximately 130°C during contact. 79. The method according to embodiments 72 to 77, wherein the base fabric material comprises polyester or nylon. 80. The method according to any one of embodiments 60 to 79, wherein the contact between the base fabric material and the beneficial agent and SCF-CO2 is carried out for a period of time from about 1 minute to about 24 hours. 81. The method according to any one of embodiments 60 to 79, wherein the contact between the base fabric material and the beneficial agent and SCF-CO2 is carried out for a period of time from about 5 minutes to about 10 hours. 82. The method according to any one of embodiments 60 to 79, wherein the contact between the base fabric material and the beneficial agent and SCF-CO2 is carried out for a period of time from about 5 minutes to about 8 hours. 83. The method according to any one of embodiments 60 to 82, wherein contact between SCF-CO2 and the base fabric material is carried out in the presence of the beneficial agent and solvent. 84. The method according to Embodiment 83, wherein the solvent is mixed with a beneficial agent before contact between the SCF-CO2 and the base fabric material. 85. The method according to Embodiment 83, wherein the above solvent is mixed with SCF-CO2 in the presence of the beneficial agent before contact between SCF-CO2 and the base fabric material. [Examples]

[0183] Non-limiting examples The present invention will be further described in more detail by the following non-limiting embodiments.

[0184] Example 1 - General method of SCF-CO2 injection / impregnation Supercritical fluid carbon dioxide (SCF-CO2) is used in this disclosure, but other gases exhibiting supercritical behavior can be substituted as desired. The properties of various gases that behave as liquids under specific (critical) conditions of temperature and pressure have been established for a long time.

[0185] Supercritical fluid carbon dioxide (SCF-CO2) is used as a poor solvent (SAS) in mass transfer operations for impregnating target substrates, such as synthetic or natural fabrics like apparel fabrics, with beneficial agents of interest (e.g., antimicrobial agents, deodorizers, and performance additives). Various forms of supercritical conditions (SCC) are created by a unique method that involves increasing the prepressurized density of a selected SCF compound by "high-density packing," and then pressurizing it to the desired SCF conditions by thermal operation in a sealed chamber containing a sample contamination platform cage, thereby exposing the target substrate (implant material) to SCF-CO2. In some embodiments, ethanol can be introduced into the reaction enclosure / chamber / container after being mixed with SCF-CO2. In some embodiments, a controlled reaction, including immersion of the desired injector, may be carried out at specific temperatures, pressures, and times for the required target substrate (e.g., polyester mesh) impregnation and reaction. A series of other extractions, dissolutions, and impregnations may be carried out to satisfy the requirements of the target material and the selected injector.

[0186] If the injection / impregnation method is perfect, SCF release is carefully controlled to achieve the desired result by either passive diffusion or pump-assisted flow. Modifier cosolvents (ethanol, etc.) may be used in the SAS method, and variations include RESS (rapid expansion of supercritical solution) and RESOLV (rapid expansion of supercritical solution into liquid solvent), which encompass many types of target compounds related to a wide variety of target substrates. SCF-CO2 is a useful basic agent, but other acceptable SCF behavior compounds can be used alone or as cosolvents as needed to achieve useful purposes.

[0187] In some embodiments, the SCF method disclosed herein impregnates the entire structure of a synthetic or natural fabric material with a beneficial agent. The method of the present invention may first be carried out by mixing the beneficial agent with a polymer and optionally an excipient to produce a mixture. This mixing step may be carried out by any suitable technique or in any suitable apparatus such as an enclosure. Next, the mixture is brought into contact with the high-density gaseous solvent under pressure to produce a composite material. The step of mixing the mixture with the solvent may be carried out by any suitable technique or in any suitable apparatus. Figures 1-4 generally illustrate non-limiting embodiments of the method.

[0188] Step 1: The fabric sample is placed in an enclosure that enables supercritical fluid, and the fluid is allowed to flow into and out of an enclosure containing cellulose material. If necessary, solid CO2 is also placed in the enclosure.

[0189] Step 2: Supercritical CO2 is pumped / pressurized into the enclosure, cooled, and after the pressure inside the container decreases, it is transferred to the supercritical CO2. This process is repeated three times.

[0190] Step 3: Solid CO2 is pre-filled into the container, and then sublimation is carried out while further increasing the container pressure to 1,500 psig.

[0191] Step 4: Heat the container to a temperature of 40°C or below, or up to 200°C, depending on the material to be processed.

[0192] Step 5: Heat and increase the pressure from 2,000 psig to 5,000 psig.

[0193] Step 6: The sample can be left to stand in batch mode or in steady-state mode in which CO2, ethanol, and additives (antibiotics, etc.) are injected.

[0194] Step 7: After 5 minutes to 8 hours, reduce the pressure in the container.

[0195] Step 8: Open the enclosure and remove the sample.

[0196] Step 9 The extracted cellulose material is either at the bottom of the container for removal or is flowing out of the container in a steady state mode.

[0197] Optional secondary coating Most embodiments of this disclosure do not include any coating method, but the fabric composite material prepared as described above may be coated with the same or different beneficial agents as needed (e.g., by spraying, immersion, or any suitable technique). In some embodiments, the coating comprises additional beneficial agents such as antimicrobial agents or antibacterial agents.

[0198] Example 2 - Injected or Impregnated Apparel Fabric Figures 5-8 show the deep penetration of the agent into the polyester mesh. In this experiment, polyester mesh material was used for testing. The polyester mesh material was examined under a microscope before the SCF-CO2 process (Figures 5-6). Using supercritical fluid carbon dioxide (SCF-CO2), the activator was injected throughout the polyester fibers, and the agent was found to be deeply present on the surface of the fibers as well as in the interior parts of the fibers (Figures 7-8). Several natural and synthetic apparel fabrics were injected or impregnated with C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium (EQ12), a beneficial UV-active agent, as shown in Figures 9–17. Figures 9–11 show SCF impregnation with EQ12 in athletic shoe components. Figure 9 shows a portion of the insole and the seams of a disassembled shoe. Figure 10 shows the Velcro fastener of a disassembled shoe. Figure 11 shows the top surface of the Velcro fastener and the Dacron detail. On the other hand, Figures 12–14 show UV visualization of SCF impregnation with EQ12 and EQ12 impregnation of the entire athletic shoe. Figures 15–17 show UV visualization of SCF impregnation with EQ12 and EQ12 impregnation of cotton fabrics.

[0199] Example 3 - Testing of SCF-processed apparel fabric material The preferred test method relates to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 20743 method, "Textiles - Determination of Antibacterial Activity of Antibacterial Finished Products." This test is designed to examine the ability of a fabric to withstand treatment with an antimicrobial agent that prevents microbial growth and kills microorganisms over a 24-hour period. Within the above standard, there are three quantitative tests: the Absorption Method, the Printing Method, and the Transfer Method. The Transfer Method involves seeding onto the surface of an agar plate, then loading a sample onto the seeded agar for 60 seconds, and subsequently incubating the sample under humid conditions for 18–24 hours to determine the final concentration of live bacteria. The Printing Method involves printing membrane-filtered bacteria onto the sample, and then incubating the sample under humid conditions for 1–4 hours. The "absorption method" is similar to the very common and widely used antimicrobial fabric testing method, AATCC100, and is broadly a Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) method that has been adopted by ISO.

[0200] The microorganism identified as a major cause of sulfur fixation and a significant source of odor in many shoes is Kytococcus sedentarius, a strictly aerobic bacterium that is Gram-positive, mesophilic, non-motile, and non-spore-forming. It can only thrive in the presence of amino acids (e.g., sweat, dead skin cells) and, under comfortable conditions, is also proactive in forming biofilms. Interestingly, its saprophytic origin is marine environments.

[0201] Summary of ISO 20743 test methods Step 1: K. sedentarius is prepared by growing it in DSMZ medium 92 (3% trypticase soy broth, 0.3% yeast extract) at 30°C.

[0202] Step 2: Standardize the K. sedentarius suspension by dilution in DSMZ medium. Growth of K. sedentarius in the control fabric is necessary for the test to be valid.

[0203] Step 3: Three sets of K. sedentarius inoculations are performed on the control and test fabrics with a known number of bacteria, ensuring that the bacterial inoculation material only comes into contact with the fabrics.

[0204] Step 4: Immediately after sowing, the control fabric is eluted, diluted, and cultured to measure the initial microbial concentration at "Time 0".

[0205] Step 5: Incubate the additional seeded control and test fabrics in a sealed container for 18-24 hours at body temperature, ensuring they are not disturbed.

[0206] Step 6: Determine the final microbial concentration after sowing. Calculate the decrease in K. sedentarius and the control fabric relative to the initial concentration.

[0207] Step 7: Test the control to ensure that the neutralization / elution method effectively neutralizes the antimicrobial agent in the test fabric.

[0208] The foregoing is illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting. The present invention is defined by the following claims, and equivalents of the claims are included therewith.

Claims

1. Fabric composition, optionally apparel fabric composition, wherein the composition is: A base fabric material having a surface portion and an inner portion; and A beneficial agent incorporated throughout the base fabric material, wherein at least a portion of the inner part of the base fabric material is impregnated with the beneficial agent, A composition comprising the following.

2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the base fabric material comprises a synthetic material, and optionally the synthetic material is selected from polyester, nylon, acrylic, spandex, polyolefin, neoprene, fleece, microfiber, synthetic leather / suede, recycled materials thereof, and formulations thereof.

3. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the base fabric material comprises natural materials, and optionally the natural materials are selected from cotton, linen, hemp, bamboo, silk, jute, ramie, coir, rayon, cellulose, recycled products thereof, and formulations thereof.

4. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the beneficial agent comprises an antibacterial agent.

5. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the beneficial agent comprises a deodorant, a performance additive, or a combination thereof.

6. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the beneficial agent is a quaternary ammonium salt.

7. The composition according to claim 6, wherein the quaternary ammonium salt comprises a C12 or C14 alkyl chain.

8. The composition according to claim 6, wherein the quaternary ammonium salt is neither benzalkonium chloride nor a polymeric quaternary ammonium salt.

9. The composition according to claim 6, wherein the quaternary ammonium salt is C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride.

10. The composition according to claim 6, wherein the quaternary ammonium salt is C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride.

11. The composition according to claim 6, wherein the quaternary ammonium salt is C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride.

12. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the antibacterial agent inhibits or prevents the growth of odor-causing bacteria.

13. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the deodorant is selected from zeolite, engineering polymer, cyclodextrin, activated carbon, silver, fragrance, and combinations thereof.

14. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the performance additive is selected from flexibility-enhancing additives, elasticity-enhancing additives, fabric-strengthening additives, UV protection additives, wetting agents, and combinations thereof.

15. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the beneficial agent is unevenly impregnated throughout the fabric material.

16. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the beneficial agent is uniformly impregnated throughout the entire fabric material.

17. The composition according to claim 1, wherein at least 30% of the inner portion of the base fabric material is impregnated with the beneficial agent.

18. The composition according to claim 1, wherein at least 50% of the inner portion of the base fabric material is impregnated with the beneficial agent.

19. The composition according to claim 1, wherein at least 60% of the inner portion of the base fabric material is impregnated with the beneficial agent.

20. The composition according to claim 1, wherein at least 70% of the inner portion of the base fabric material is impregnated with the beneficial agent.

21. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition retains at least 50% of the beneficial agent after 10, 30, 50, or 100 uses.

22. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition is present in the fabric and provides structural strength to the fabric.

23. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the base fabric material is selected from fabric materials, mesh materials, foam materials, gel materials, and combinations thereof and laminates.

24. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the base fabric material is a fabric material.

25. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the base fabric material is a mesh material.

26. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the base fabric material is a foam material.

27. The composition, under high pressure, comprises the base fabric material and the beneficial agent, and supercritical fluid carbon dioxide (SCF-CO2). ２ The composition according to claim 1, which is prepared by a method comprising bringing the two into contact within an enclosure, thereby enabling the beneficial agent to impregnate at least a portion of the inner part of the base fabric material.

28. The composition according to claim 27, wherein the method further comprises impregnating at least a portion of the inner part of the base fabric material with the beneficial agent, and then reducing the pressure inside the enclosure.

29. After the base fabric material and beneficial agent are introduced into the enclosure, SCF-CO ２ The composition according to claim 27, wherein the composition is introduced into the enclosure.

30. The aforementioned beneficial drug and SCF-CO ２ The composition according to claim 27, wherein the two are mixed to form a mixture, and then the mixture and the base fabric material are brought into contact within the enclosure.

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