Composition containing a bacterial consortium

Abstract

This invention provides a consortium of bacterial strains that reflect the complexity of the gut microbiota and increase the production and use of desirable end metabolites.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This invention relates to the field of microbiology. The invention provides a composition comprising a consortium of bacterial strains and its use. [Background technology]

[0002] Live bacterial biopharmaceuticals (LBPs) based on the gut microbiota are emerging as a novel modality for treating numerous chronic diseases. The therapeutic goal is to induce targeted gut microbiota regulation by administering live microorganisms to reverse dysbiosis and promote recovery.

[0003] Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from healthy donors is currently the most successful method for restoring pathological microbiota to a healthy state. However, the specific characteristics of a healthy microbiota and how they promote recovery, resulting in the variable efficacy of FMT against various diseases, are not fully understood. Furthermore, the potential for adverse events with FMT raises significant safety concerns.

[0004] A well-defined bacterial consortium, with its characteristics well understood, would be a safer and more controlled alternative to FMT. Since a healthy microbiome typically contains hundreds of strains, simply reconstructing complete taxonomic diversity in a defined product is impractical. However, complexity can be reduced by eliminating functionally overlapping strains and focusing on key microbial functions for specific therapeutic targets. While intuitive in principle, replacing this functional concept with a defined consortium is not straightforward, as most of the gut microbiota remains uncultured and its characteristics unknown. Furthermore, simply mixing microorganisms together does not guarantee they will interact with each other and fill functional niches that require microbial network formation. Therefore, product stability, standardization, and performance of critical functions cannot always be guaranteed.

[0005] Therefore, there is a need to design alternative and specific consortia of bacterial species that can reflect the complexity of the gut microbiota and can be effectively used to prevent or treat intestinal dysbiosis and diseases or disorders associated with such conditions.

[0006] In addition, it is well known in the art that intestinal dysbiosis impairs the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are organic fatty acids with 1 to 6 carbon atoms produced in the intestinal lumen by bacterial fermentation of undigested dietary carbohydrates. Acetates, propionates, and butyrates are the most abundant SCFAs produced in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT).

[0007] Many studies within the SCFA (Science and Health Foundation) focus on the effects of butyrate and its potential applications in human health. Butyrate is known to have beneficial effects on epithelial barrier function and overall gastrointestinal health. It is a cellular mediator that modulates multiple functions of human and microbial cells in the gut, including gene expression, immunomodulation, and reduced oxidative stress. Since mammalian cells do not produce significant amounts of butyrate, its only substantial sources are the gut microbiota and dairy consumption.

[0008] Therefore, there is a need to develop specific consortia of bacterial species that can reflect the complexity of the gut microbiota and increase the production of desirable end metabolites, such as butyrate, in order to prevent or treat intestinal dysbiosis and related diseases or disorders. [Overview of the Initiative] [Means for solving the problem]

[0009] In this study, the inventors provide a consortium of bacterial strains in which the overall function of the gut microbiota is divided among the strains based on the principle of "division of labor." The inventors specifically selected anaerobic gut bacteria that contain essential elements of carbohydrate metabolism in the large intestine.

[0010] Using continuous co-culture fermentation, the inventors confirmed the reproducible establishment of a compositional and metabolic equilibrium state with complete carbohydrate fermentation, similar to that of a healthy gut microbiota in such a consortium. Such co-cultured consortia function differently from equivalent mixtures of identical but individually cultured strains.

[0011] The inventors designed a bacterial consortium that reflects the carbohydrate-degrading metabolic network of the human gut microbiota, which is stable over time while reliably producing the final metabolite and avoiding the accumulation of intermediate metabolites. Surprisingly, the inventors found that such a consortium can promote butyrate production without destabilizing the consortium. Transition to butyrate can be achieved by specifically selecting strains that perform the butyrate-producing function of the metabolic network, such as Agatobacter rectalis and Anaerostipes caccae.

[0012] The inventors demonstrate a synergistic effect in butyrate production not only from Agatobacter rectalis and Anaerostipes caccae, but also from the combination of Anaerobutyricum hallii and A. rectalis. The metabolic profile of the co-culture exceeds the sum of butyrate production from each isolated strain.

[0013] In a first aspect, the present invention relates to a composition comprising a consortium of anaerobic strains, particularly anaerobic strains of the gut microbiota, said consortium comprising i) Agathobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, and comprising no more than 15 different strains for use in the treatment of a disease or disorder caused by or associated with gut dysbiosis.

[0014] The present invention particularly relates to a composition comprising a consortium of anaerobic strains, said consortium comprising i) Agathobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, and comprising no more than 15 different strains for use in the treatment of gut dysbiosis or a disease or disorder caused by or associated with gut dysbiosis.

[0015] Gut dysbiosis is particularly selected from the group consisting of gut dysbiosis after antibiotic treatment, gut dysbiosis after infection with vancomycin-resistant enterococci, gut dysbiosis after infection with carbapenem-resistant enterococci, and gut dysbiosis following post-infectious diarrhea.

[0016] Diseases or disorders caused by or associated with gut dysbiosis are particularly selected from the group consisting of inflammatory bowel diseases (including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease); rheumatoid arthritis; multiple sclerosis; graft-versus-host disease; solid and liquid cancers, particularly gastrointestinal cancers, colorectal cancer, and acute myeloid leukemia.

[0017] In particular, diseases or disorders caused by or associated with gut dysbiosis include dysbiosis following antibiotic treatment, post-infection with vancomycin-resistant enterococci, post-infection with carbapenem-resistant enterococci, or post-infectious diarrhea; inflammatory bowel diseases (including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease); rheumatoid arthritis; multiple sclerosis; graft-versus-host disease; solid and liquid cancers, particularly cancers of the digestive tract, colorectal cancer, and acute myeloid leukemia, and are selected from the group consisting of.

[0018] In some embodiments, the consortium comprises: i) Agathobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii and iii) one or several strains capable of converting a primary substrate into formate, lactate, succinate, acetate, butyrate, and / or propionate, wherein the primary substrate is selected from the group consisting of sugars, starch, fiber, and proteins and any combination thereof.

[0019] Preferably, the consortium comprises one or several strains capable of converting the primary substrate into lactate.

[0020] Furthermore or alternatively, the consortium comprises the following: - one or several strains capable of converting the primary substrate into formate; - one or several strains capable of converting formate into acetate; and / or - one or several strains capable of converting the primary substrate into acetate.

[0021] Furthermore or alternatively, the consortium comprises the following: - one or several strains capable of converting the primary substrate into succinate; and / or - one or several strains capable of converting succinate into propionate.

[0022] Preferably: - Strains capable of converting the primary substrate to formate are capable of converting at least 20% of the total carbon converted to the complex metabolites formate, lactate, succinate; acetate, propionate, butyrate, and ethanol to formate when grown in single culture in standard medium for at least 48 hours; - Strains capable of converting primary substrates to acetate are capable of converting at least 30% of the total carbon converted to the complex metabolites formate, lactate, succinate; acetate, propionate, butyrate, and ethanol to acetate when grown in single culture in standard medium for at least 48 hours; - Strains capable of converting the primary substrate to butyrate are capable of converting at least 30% of the total carbon converted to the complex metabolites formate, lactate, succinate; acetate, propionate, butyrate, and ethanol to butyrate when grown in single culture in standard medium for at least 48 hours; - Strains capable of converting the primary substrate to lactate are capable of converting at least 30% of the total carbon converted to the complex metabolites formate, lactate, succinate; acetate, propionate, butyrate, and ethanol to lactate when grown in single culture in standard medium for at least 48 hours; - Strains capable of converting primary substrates to lactate are capable of converting at least 30% of the total carbon converted to complex metabolites to propionate when grown in single culture in standard medium for at least 48 hours; - Strains capable of converting the primary substrate to lactate are capable of converting at least 30% of the total carbon converted to the complex metabolites formate, lactate, succinate; acetate, propionate, butyrate, and ethanol to propionate when grown in single culture in standard medium for at least 48 hours; - Strains capable of converting the primary substrate to lactate are capable of converting at least 30% of the total carbon converted to the complex metabolites formate, lactate, succinate; acetate, propionate, butyrate, and ethanol to succinate when grown in single culture in standard medium for at least 48 hours; - Strains capable of converting formate to acetate are capable of degrading at least 20% of formate when grown in single culture for at least 48 hours in standard medium containing or supplemented with formate, and are capable of converting at least 20% of the total carbon converted to the complex metabolites formate, lactate, succinate; acetate, propionate, butyrate, and ethanol to acetate; - Strains capable of converting acetate to butyrate are capable of degrading at least 20% of acetate when grown in single culture for at least 48 hours in standard medium containing or supplemented with acetate, and are capable of converting at least 20% of the total carbon converted to the complex metabolites formate, lactate, succinate; acetate, propionate, butyrate, and ethanol to butyrate; - Strains capable of converting lactat to butyrate are capable of degrading at least 20% of lactat when grown in single culture for at least 48 hours in standard medium containing or supplemented with lactat, and are capable of converting at least 20% of the total carbon converted to the complex metabolites formate, lactat, succinate; acetate, propionate, butyrate, and ethanol to butyrate; - Strains capable of converting lactat to propionate are capable of degrading at least 20% of lactat when grown in single culture for at least 48 hours in standard medium containing or supplemented with lactat, and are capable of converting at least 20% of the total carbon converted to the complex metabolites formate, lactat, succinate; acetate, propionate, butyrate, and ethanol to propionate; and / or - Strains capable of converting succinate to propionate are capable of degrading at least 20% of formate when grown in single culture for at least 48 hours in standard medium containing or supplemented with succinate, and are capable of converting at least 20% of the total carbon converted to the complex metabolite formate, lactate, succinate; acetate, propionate, butyrate, and ethanol to propionate.

[0023] Preferably, the composition does not contain one or more strains selected from the following species: Anaerotignum nov sp., Clostridium E sporosphaeroides, Coprococcus A catus, Frisingococcus sp., Veillonella atypica, Veillonella parvula subsp. parvula, and Veillonella ratti. More preferably, the composition does not contain one or more strains selected from the genera Anaerotignum, Clostridium E, Coprococcus A, Frisingococcus, and Veillonella. Even more preferably, the composition does not contain strains capable of converting lactate to propionate.

[0024] Preferably, in a consortium according to the present invention: - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to format include: Anaerobutyricum, Bacteroides, Blautia, Collinsella, Coprococcus, Dorea, Erysipelatoclostridium, Escherichia, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira, Longicatena, and Ruminococcus. Selected from the genera *Culis* and *Sellimonas*; preferably from the genera *Blautia*, *Coprococcus*, *Dorea*, *Erysipelatoclostridium*, *Faecalibacterium*, *Lachnospira* and *Ruminococcus*; more preferably selected from the genera *Dorea*, *Faecalibacterium* and *Ruminococcus*, and even more preferably from the genus *Ruminococcus*; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to acetate include Acidaminococcus, Acutalibacter, Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Clostridium, Clostridium E, Clostridium Q, Collinsella, Copromonas, and Desulfobi. Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Enterocloster, Escherichia, Eubacterium, Hungatella, Hungatella A, Oliverbapstia, Peptoniphilus, Peptostreptococcus, Phocaeicola, Ligi From the genera Rhiziobiaceae, Ruminococcus, Sellimonas, and Veillonella; preferably Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Clostridium Q, Clostridium E, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, and Eubacterium m) selected from the genera Oliverpabstia and Rhiziobiaceae; more preferably selected from the genera Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Eubacterium and Rhiziobiaceae, and even more preferably from the genus Bifidobacterium; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to lactate are from the genera Agatobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Bifidobacterium, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Longicatena, Merdisoma, Peptostreptococcus, Roseburia, Streptococcus and Sutterella; preferably Agatobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Collinsella (C Selected from the genera *Collinsella*, *Enterococcus*, *Lactobacillus*, *Peptostreptococcus*, *Streptococcus*, and *Sutterella*; more preferably selected from the genera *Agathobacter*, *Bacteroides*, *Bariatricus*, *Collinsella*, *Enterococcus*, *Lactobacillus*, *Streptococcus*, and *Sutterella*, and even more preferably selected from the genus *Lactobacillus*; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to succinate are from the genera Acutalibacter nov, Bacteroides, Oliverbapstia, Parabacteroides, Phocaeicola and Prevotella; preferably Acutalibacter nov, Bacteroides, Parabacteroides From the genera Parabacteroides, Phocaeicola and Prevotella; more preferably selected from the genera Acutalibacter nov, Bacteroides, Phocaeicola and Prevotella, and even more preferably selected from the genera Bacteroides or Prevotella; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting formate to acetate belong to the genera Blautia, Eubacterium, Paraclostridium, Terrisporobacter, and Intestinibacter; preferably selected from the genera Blautia and Eubacterium, and more preferably from the genera Blautia or Intestinibacter; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting succinate to propionate are selected from the genera Dialister, Flavonifractor, Phascolarctobacterium, Phascolarctobacterium_A, and Veillonella, preferably from the genera Dialister, Flavonifractor, Phascolarctobacterium, and Phascolarctobacterium_A, and more preferably from the genus Phascolarctobacterium.

[0025] Preferably, in a consortium according to the present invention: One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to format are selected from the genera Anaerobutyricum, Bacteroides, Blautia, Collinsella, Coprococcus, Dorea, Erysipelatoclostridium, Escherichia, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira, Longicatena, Ruminococcus, and Sellimonas; One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to acetate include Acidaminococcus, Acutalibacter, Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Clostridium, Clostridium E, Clostridium Q, Collinsella, Copromonas, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, and Enterocloster. Selected from the genera *Ecclesia*, *Escherichia*, *Eubacterium*, *Hungatella*, *Hungatella A*, *Oliverbapstia*, *Peptoniphilus*, *Peptostreptococcus*, *Phocaeicola*, *Rhiziobiaceae*, *Ruminococcus*, *Sellimonas*, and *Veillonella*; One or more strains capable of converting primary substrates to lactate are selected from the genera Agatobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Bifidobacterium, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Longicatena, Merdisoma, Peptostreptococcus, Roseburia, Streptococcus, and Sutterella; One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to succinate were selected from the novel genera Acutalibacter, Bacteroides, Oliverbapstia, Parabacteroides, Phocaeicola, and Prevotella; One or more strains capable of converting formate to acetate are selected from the genera Blautia, Eubacterium; Terrisporobacter and Intestinibacter; and / or One or more strains capable of converting succinate to propionate are selected from the genera Dialister, Flavonifractor, Phascolarctobacterium, Phascolarctobacterium A, and Veillonella.

[0026] Preferably, in a consortium according to the present invention: One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to format were selected from the genera Blautia, Coprococcus, Dorea, Erysipelatoclostridium, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira, and Ruminococcus; One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to acetate were selected from the genera Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Clostridium Q, Clostridium E, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Eubacterium, Oliverpabstia, and Rhiziobiaceae; One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to lactat are selected from the genera Agatobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Peptostreptococcus, Streptococcus, and Sutterella; One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to succinate were selected from the genera Acutalibacter nov, Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Phocaeicola, and Prevotella; One or more strains capable of converting formate to acetate are selected from the genera Blautia, Eubacterium, Terrisporobacter, and Intestinibacter; and / or One or more strains capable of converting succinate to propionate are selected from the genera Dialister, Flavonifractor, Phascolarctobacterium, and Phascolarctobacterium A.

[0027] In particular, within the consortium according to the present invention: One or more strains capable of converting primary substrates to format are derived from the genus Ruminococcus; One or more strains capable of converting primary substrates to acetates belong to the genus Bifidobacterium; One or more strains capable of converting primary substrates to lactat are derived from the genus Lactobacillus; One or more strains capable of converting primary substrates to succinates originate from the Bacteroides or Prevotella genera; One or more strains capable of converting formate to acetate are derived from the genus Blautia or Terrisporobacter, preferably from the genus Blautia, and / or One or more strains capable of converting succinate to propionate originate from the genus Phascolarctobacterium.

[0028] More preferably, in a consortium according to the present invention: - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to formate include: Bacteroides clarus (e.g., DSM 22519, JCM 16067), Blautia hydrogenotrophica (e.g., DSM 10507, JCM 14656), Collinsella aerofaciens (e.g., ATCC 25986, DSM 3979, JCM 10188), Coprococcus eutactus (e.g., ATCC 27759), Dorea formicigenerans (e.g., ATCC 27755, DSM 3992, JCM 31256), and Dorea longicatena. Longicatena) (e.g., DSM 13814, JCM 11232), Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum (e.g., ATCC 25582, DSM 1402, JCM 1298), Eubacterium ramulus (e.g., ATCC 29099, DSM 15684, JCM 31355), Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (e.g., DSM 17677, ATCC 27768, ATCC 27766, JCM 31915), Lachnospira (Eubacterium) eligens (e.g., ATCC 27750, DSM 3376), Longicatena sp.(especially those having a 16SRNA sequence, such as that shown in SEQ ID NO: 11 or any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), from the species Ruminococcus bromii (e.g., ATCC 27255) and Sellimonas intestinalis (e.g., JCM30749); preferably from Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Coprococcus eutactus, Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea Longicatena, Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii From the species of *Ruminococcus prausnitzii*, *Lachnospira eligens*, and *Ruminococcus bromii*; more preferably selected from the species of *Dorea formicigenerans*, *Dorea longicatena*, *Faecalibacterium prausnitzii*, and *Ruminococcus bromii*; most preferably from the species of *Ruminococcus bromii*; and / or. - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to acetate include the species Acidaminococcus intestini (e.g., DSM 21505), the genus Acutalibacter nov. (especially those with 16SRNA sequences, such as those indicated by SEQ ID NO: 9 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Bifidobacterium adolescentis (e.g., ATCC 15703, DSM 20083, JCM 1251), Bifidobacterium catenulatum (e.g., ATCC 27539, DSM 16992, JCM 1194), and Bifidobacterium longum. Bifidobacterium longum (e.g., ATCC 15707, DSM 20219, JCM 1217), Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum (e.g., ATCC 27919, DSM 20438, JCM 1200), Bifidobacterium ruminantium (e.g., ATCC 49390, DSM 6489), Blautia hydrogenotrophica (e.g., DSM 10507, JCM 14656), Clostridium perfringens (e.g., ATCC 13124, DSM 756), Clostridium E sporosphaeroides (Clostridium E * sporosphaeroides* (e.g., ATCC 25781, DSM 1294), * Clostridium Q symbiosum* (e.g., ATCC 14940, DSM 934, JCM 1297), * Collinsella aerofaciens* (e.g., ATCC 25986, DSM 3979, JCM 10188), * Copromonas* sp.(In particular, having 16SRNA sequences such as those represented by sequence numbers 2, 3, 4, or 8 or any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Desulfovibrio piger (e.g., ATCC 29098, DSM 749), Dorea formicigenerans (e.g., ATCC 27755, DSM 3992, JCM 31256), Dorea longicatena (e.g., DSM 13814, JCM 11232), Dorea sucindes (Dorea *Eubacterium scindens*, *Dorea* sp. 900066555, *Enterocloster* sp. (especially those with 16SRNA sequences, such as those indicated by SEQ ID NO: 12 or any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), *Escherichia coli* (e.g., ATCC 11775, DSM 30083, JCM 1649), *Eubacterium callanderi* (e.g., ATCC 49165, DSM 3662, JCM 10284), *Eubacterium limosum* (e.g., ATCC 8486, DSM 20543, JCM 6421, JCM 9978), *Hungatella efulvii* *Hungatella effluvii* (e.g., DSM 24995), *Hungatella A* sp. (especially those with a 16SRNA sequence, such as those indicated by SEQ ID NO: 5 or any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), *Oliverpabstia* sp.(In particular, those having a 16SRNA sequence such as that shown in SEQ ID NO: 7 or any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Peptoniphilus vaginalis (e.g., DSM 101742), Peptostreptococcus anaerobius (e.g., ATCC 27337, DSM 2949), Phocaeicola plebeius (e.g., DSM 17135, JCM 12973), Rhizobiaceae nov.From the genus (especially those having a 16SRNA sequence such as sequence number 13 or any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), species of Ruminoccocus bromii (e.g., ATCC 27255), Sellimonas intestinalis (e.g., JCM 30749), and Veillonella ratti (e.g., ATCC 17746, DSM 20736, JCM 6512); preferably from Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Bifidobacterium longum longum), Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium ruminantium, Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Clostridium Q symbiosum, Clostridium E sporosphaeroides, Desulfovibrio piger, Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea Longicatena, Dorea scindens, Dorea sp.900066555, Eubacterium calanderii Eubacterium callanderi, Eubacterium limosum, Oliverpabstia sp., and Rhizobiaceae nov.From the genus species; more preferably Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium ruminantium, Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Desulfovibrio piger, Dorea Longicatena, Eubacterium callanderi, Eubacterium limosum Selected from species of the genera *Limosum* and *Rhizobiaceae* nov.; most preferably from the species *Bifidobacterium adolescentis*, and / or. - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to lactate include: Agatobacter / Roseburia faecis (e.g., DSM 16840), Bacteroides clarus (e.g., DSM 22519, JCM 16067), Bacteroides faecis (e.g., DSM 24798, JCM 16478), Bacteroides uniformis (e.g., DSM 6597, ATCC 8492, JCM 5828), Bariatricus comes (e.g., ATCC 27758), Bifidobacterium adolescentis (e.g., ATCC 15703, DSM 20083, JCM 1251), Collinsella aerofaciens (e.g., ATCC 25986, DSM 3979, JCM 10188), Enterococcus faecalis (e.g., ATCC 29212, DSM 2570), Enterococcus faecium (e.g., ATCC 19434, DSM 10477, JCM 8727), Enterococcus gallinarum (e.g., ATCC 49573, JCM 8728), Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus / Lactobacillus rhamnosus Merdisoma aerosacerifilus (e.g., rhamnosus) (e.g., ATCC 7469, DSM 20021, JCM1136), Longicatena sp. (especially those with 16SRNA sequences, such as those indicated by SEQ ID NO: 11 or any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Merdisoma aerosacerifilusFrom the species Aerosacheriphilus (especially those having a 16SRNA sequence such as SEQ ID NO: 10 or any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Peptostreptococcus stomatis (e.g., DSM 17678, JCM 15636), Roseburia hominis (e.g., DSM 16839), Streptococcus anginosus (e.g., ATCC 33397, DSM 20563, JCM 12993), Sutterella wadsworthensis (e.g., ATCC 51579, DSM 14016); preferably from the species Agathobacter phaesis Bacteroides clarus, Bacteroides uniformis, Bariatricus comes, Collinsella aerofaciens, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus gallinarum, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (also known as Lactobacillus rhamnosus), Peptostreptococcus stomatis From the species of Bacteroides stomatis, Streptococcus anginosus and Sutterella wadsworthensis; more preferably from Bacteroides uniformis and Bariatricus comesSelected from the species of Lactobacillus rhamnosus (also known as Lactobacillus rhamnosus), Streptococcus anginosus, and Sutterella wadsworthensis; most preferably from the species Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and / or - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to succinate include the genus Acutalibacter nov. (particularly those having a DNA genomic sequence such as that represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 or a variant that is at least 90%, 95%, or 99% identical thereto, and / or a 16RNA sequence such as that represented by SEQ ID NO: 9 or a variant that has at least 95%, preferably at least 97%, more preferably 99%, 99.5%, 99.7%, or 99.9% sequence identity thereto), Bacteroides faecis (e.g., DSM 24798, JCM 16478), Bacteroides fragilis (e.g., ATCC 25285, DSM 2151, JCM 11019), and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (e.g., ATCC 29148, DSM Bacteroides xylanisolvens (e.g., DSM 18836, JCM 15633), Oliverpabstia sp. (2079, JCM 5827)(In particular, having a 16SRNA sequence such as that shown in SEQ ID NO: 7 or any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Bacteroides faecis (e.g., DSM 24798, JCM 16478), Parabacteroides distasonis (e.g., ATCC 8503, DSM 20701), Phocaeicola dorei (e.g., DSM 17855, JCM 13471), Phocaeicola plebeius (e.g., DSM 17135, JCM 12973), Phocaeicola vulgatus (e.g., ATCC 8482, DSM 1447, JCM From 5826) and Prevotella copri (e.g., DSM 18205, JCM 13464); preferably from the genus Acutalibacter nov, Bacteroides faecis, Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides xylanisolvens, Parabacteroides distasonis, Phocaeicola dorei, Phocaeicola plebeius, Phocaeicola bulgatus From the seeds of *vulgatus* and *Prevotella copri*; more preferably from *Acutalibacter*.The genera include Bacteroides faecis, Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides xylanisolvens, Phocaeicola plebeius, Phocaeicola vulgatus, and Prevotella copri. From the species of *Bacteroides copri*; most preferably selected from the genus *Acutalibacter* nov. (particularly those having a DNA genomic sequence such as that represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 or a variant that is at least 90%, 95%, or 99% identical thereto, and / or a 16RNA sequence such as that represented by SEQ ID NO: 9 or a variant that has at least 95%, preferably at least 97%, more preferably 99%, 99.5%, 99.7%, or 99.9% sequence identity thereto), *Prevotella copri*, and *Bacteroides xylanisolvens*. - One or more strains capable of converting formate to acetate include Blautia hydrogenotrophica (e.g., DSM 10507, JCM 14656), Blautia wexlerae, Blautia luti (e.g., DSM 14534), Eubacterium callanderi (e.g., ATCC 49165, DSM 3662, JCM 10284), Eubacterium limosum (e.g., ATCC 8486, DSM 20543, JCM 6421, JCM 9978), and Terrisporobacter glycolicus (e.g., DSM 10507, JCM 14656). From the species Terrisporobacter mayombei (e.g., DSM 6539), Terrisporobacter othiniensis (e.g., DSM 29186), and Intestinibacter bartlettii (e.g., DSM 16795), preferably selected from Blautia hydrogenotrophica or Intestinibacter bartlettii; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting succinate to propionate include Dialister hominis (e.g., DSM 109768), Dialister invisus (e.g., DSM 15470, JCM 17566), Flavonifractor plautii (e.g., ATCC 29863, DSM 4000), Phascolarctobacterium faecium (e.g., DSM 14760), Phascolarctobacterium A succinatutens (e.g., DSM 22533), and Veillonella parvula subsp. parvula (e.g., DSM 109768). From the species of Veillonella ratti (e.g., ATCC 17746, DSM 20736, JCM 6512), preferably from the species of Dialister hominis, Dialister invisus, Flavonifractor plautii, Phascolarctobacterium faecium and Phascolarctobacterium A succinatutens; more preferably from the species of Phascolarctobacterium faecium.

[0029] In a particular embodiment, within a consortium according to the present invention: - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to formate include Bacteroides clarus, Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Collinsella aerofaciens, Coprococcus eutactus, Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea Longicatena, Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum, Eubacterium ramulus, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and Lachnospira erigens. Selected from species of *Eriocaulon eligens*, *Longicatena* sp., *Ruminococcus bromii*, and *Sellimonas intestinalis*; - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to acetate include Acidaminococcus intestini, Acutalibacter nov. (having a 16SRNA sequence as shown in Sequence ID No. 9 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, and Bifidobacterium luminantium. ruminantium), Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium E sporosphaeroides, Clostridium Q symbiosum, Collinsella aerofaciens, Copromonas sp., Desulfovibrio piger, Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea scindens, Dorea sp. 900066555, Enterocloster sp., Escherichia coli coli, Eubacterium callanderi, Eubacterium limosum, Hungatella effluvii, Hungatella A sp., Oliverpabstia sp.Selected from the species Peptoniphilus vaginalis, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, Phocaeicola plebeius, Rhizobiaceae nov., Ruminoccocus bromii, Sellimonas intestinalis, and Veillonella ratti; - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to lactat include Agatobacter / Roseburia faecis, Bacteroides clarus, Bacteroides faecis, Bacteroides uniformis, Bariatricus comes, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Collinsella aerofaciens, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, and Enterococcus gallinarum. Selected from the species of *Lactobacillus gallinarum*, *Lactobacillus rhamnosus*, *Longicatena* sp., *Merdisoma Aerosacheriphilus*, *Peptostreptococcus stomatis*, *Roseburia hominis*, *Streptococcus anginosus*, and *Sutterella wadsworthensis*; - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to succinate include the genus Acutalibacter nov. (having a DNA genomic sequence such as that represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 or a variant that is at least 90%, 95%, or 99% identical thereto, and / or having a 16RNA sequence such as that represented by SEQ ID NO: 9 or a variant that has at least 95%, preferably at least 97%, more preferably 99%, 99.5%, 99.7%, or 99.9% sequence identity thereto), Bacteroides faecis, Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides xylanisolvens, Oliverpabstia sp., Bacteroides faecis Selected from the species *Phocaeicola faecis*, *Parabacteroides distasonis*, *Phocaeicola dorei*, *Phocaeicola plebeius*, *Phocaeicola vulgatus*, and *Prevotella copri*; - One or more strains capable of converting formate to acetate include Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Blautia A luti, Blautia A wexlerae (especially those with a 16SRNA sequence such as that shown in SEQ ID NO: 17 or a variant that is at least 90%, 95%, or 99% identical thereto), Terrisporobacter othiniensis, Terrisporobacter glycolicus, Terrisporobacter mayombei, Intestinibacter bartlettii, Eubacterium callanderi, and Eubacterium limosum. Selected from the species of limosum; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting succinate to propionate are selected from the species Dialister hominis, Dialister invisus, Flavonifractor plautii, Phascolarctobacterium faecium, Phascolarctobacterium A succinatutens, Veillonella parvula subsp. parvula, and Veillonella ratti.

[0030] In a particular embodiment, within a consortium according to the present invention: - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to formate were selected from the species Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Coprococcus eutactus, Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea Longicatena, Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Lachnospira eligens, and Ruminococcus bromii; - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to acetate include Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium ruminantium, Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Clostridium Q symbiosum, Clostridium E sporosphaeroides, and Desulfovibrio pigelle. Selected from the genera Dorea (piger), Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea longicatena, Dorea scindens, Dorea sp., Eubacterium callanderi, Eubacterium limosum, Oliverpabstia sp., and Rhizobiaceae nov.; - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to lactat include Agatobacter faecis, Bacteroides clarus, Bacteroides uniformis, Bariatricus comes, Collinsella aerofaciens, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus gallinarum, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, Peptostreptococcus stomatis, and Streptococcus anginosus. Selected from the species *anginosus* and *Sutterella wadsworthensis*; - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to succinate were selected from the species of the genus Acutalibacter nov, Bacteroides faecis, Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides xylanisolvens, Parabacteroides distasonis, Phocaeicola dorei, Phocaeicola plebeius, Phocaeicola vulgatus, and Prevotella copri; - One or more strains capable of converting formate to acetate include Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Blautia A luti, Blautia A wexlerae (especially those with a 16SRNA sequence as indicated by SEQ ID NO: 17 or a variant that is at least 90%, 95%, or 99% identical thereto), Terrisporobacter othiniensis, Terrisporobacter glycolicus, Terrisporobacter mayombei, Intestinibacter bartlettii, Eubacterium callanderi, and Eubacterium limosum. Selected from the species of limosum; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting succinate to propionate are selected from the species Dialister hominis, Dialister invisus, Flavonifractor plautii, Phascolarctobacterium faecium, and Phascolarctobacterium A succinatutens.

[0031] In a particular embodiment, within a consortium according to the present invention: - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to formate were selected from the species Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea Longicatena, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and Ruminococcus bromii; - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to acetate include Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium ruminantium, Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Desulfovibrio piger, Dorea longicatena, Eubacterium callanderi, and Eubacterium limosum. Selected from species of the genera *Limosum* and *Rhizobiaceae* nov. - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to lactat were selected from the species Bacteroides uniformis, Bariatricus comes, Collinsella aerofaciens, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus gallinarum, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, Streptococcus anginosus, and Sutterella wadsworthensis; - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to succinate are selected from the species of the genus Acutalibacter nov. (particularly those having a DNA genomic sequence such as that represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 or a variant that is at least 90%, 95%, or 99% identical thereto, and / or a 16RNA sequence such as that represented by SEQ ID NO: 9 or a variant that has at least 95%, preferably at least 97%, more preferably 99%, 99.5%, 99.7%, or 99.9% sequence identity thereto), Prevotella copri, and Bacteroides xylanisolvens; - One or more strains capable of converting formate to acetate are selected from the species Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Blautia A luti, Blautia A wexlerae (especially those with a 16SRNA sequence such as that shown in SEQ ID NO: 17 or a variant that is at least 90%, 95%, or 99% identical thereto), Terrisporobacter othiniensis, Terrisporobacter glycolicus, and Terrisporobacter mayombei; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting succinate to propionate are selected from the species Dialister hominis, Dialister invisus, Flavonifractor plautii, Phascolarctobacterium faecium, and Phascolarctobacterium A succinatutens.

[0032] In a particular embodiment, within a consortium according to the present invention: - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to format are from the species Ruminococcus bromii; - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to acetate were selected from the species Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, and Bifidobacterium ruminantium. - One or more strains capable of converting primary substrates into lactat are from the species Lactobacillus rhamnosus; - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to succinate were selected from the species of the genus Acutalibacter nov., Bacteroides faecis, Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides xylanisolvens, and Prevotella copri; - One or more strains capable of converting formate to acetate are selected from the species Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Blautia A luti, Blautia A wexlerae, Terrisporobacter othiniensis, Terrisporobacter glycolicus, Terrisporobacter mayombei, and / or - One or more strains capable of converting succinate to propionate come from the species Phascolarctobacterium faecium.

[0033] In a particular embodiment, within a consortium according to the present invention: - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to format are Ruminococcus bromii; - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to acetate is Bifidobacterium adolescentis. - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate into lactat are Lactobacillus rhamnosus; - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to succinate are selected from the species of the genus Acutalibacter nov. (particularly those having a DNA genomic sequence such as that represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 or a variant identical thereto by at least 90%, 95%, or 99%, and / or a 16RNA sequence such as that represented by SEQ ID NO: 9 or a variant having at least 95%, preferably at least 97%, more preferably 99%, 99.5%, 99.7%, or 99.9% sequence identity thereto), Prevotella copri, and Bacteroides xylanisolvens; - One or more strains capable of converting formate to acetate is Blautia hydrogenotrophica; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting succinate to propionate is Phascolarctobacterium faecium.

[0034] In a particular embodiment, within a consortium according to the present invention: - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to format include or consist of Ruminococcus bromii; and / or -One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to acetate include or consist of Bifidobacterium adolescentis; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting primary substrates to lactat include or consist of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (also known as Lactobacillus rhamnosus); and / or - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to succinate are selected from the genera Bacteroides xylanisolvens, Prevotella copri, and Acutalibacter nov. (having a DNA genomic sequence such as that shown by SEQ ID NO: 1 or a variant that is at least 90%, 95%, or 99% identical thereto, and / or having a 16RNA sequence such as that shown by SEQ ID NO: 9 or a variant that is at least 95%, preferably at least 97%, more preferably 99%, 99.5%, 99.7%, or 99.9% identical thereto), preferably selected from Bacteroides xylanisolvens and Prevotella copri; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting formate to acetate include or consist of Blautia hydrogenotrophica; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting succinate to propionate include or consist of Phascolarctobacterium faecium.

[0035] In particular, the bacterial consortium of the present invention includes Agatobacter rectalis; Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii; Ruminococcus bromii; Bifidobacterium adolescentis; Lactobacillus rhamnosus; Phascolarctobacterium faecium and: - Bacteria selected from the group consisting of Bacteroides xylanisolvens, Prevotella copri, and bacteria of the genera Acutalibacter nov. (having a DNA genome sequence with 90%, 95%, or 99% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 1); - From the group consisting of Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Paraclostridium bifermentans, Terrisporobacter glycolicus, Terrisporobacter mayombei, Intestinibacter bartlettii, Eubacterium callanderi and Eubacterium limosum, preferably Paraclostridium bifermentans, Terrisporobacter glycolicus, Terrisporobacter mayombei, and Intestinibacter bartlettii It includes, or essentially consists of, bacteria selected from the group consisting of Eubacterium bartlettii, Eubacterium callanderi, and Eubacterium limosum.

[0036] Alternatively, this bacterial consortium includes Agatobacter rectalis; Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii; Ruminococcus bromii; Bifidobacterium adolescentis; Lactobacillus rhamnosus; Phascolarctobacterium faecium and - Bacteria selected from the group consisting of Bacteroides xylanisolvens, Prevotella copri, and bacteria of the genera Acutalibacter nov. (having a DNA genome sequence with 90%, 95%, or 99% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 1); - From the group consisting of Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Blautia A luti, Blautia A wexlerae, Terrisporobacter othiniensis, Terrisporobacter glycolicus, Terrisporobacter mayombei, Intestinibacter bartlettii, Eubacterium callanderi, and Eubacterium limosum, preferably Terrisporobacter glycolicus and Terrisporobacter othiniensis. Bacteria selected from the group consisting of Blautia othiniensis, Blautia A luti, and Blautia A wexlerae (especially those having a 16SRNA sequence such as that shown by SEQ ID NO: 17 or a variant that is at least 90%, 95%, or 99% identical thereto). It includes or basically consists of them.

[0037] Preferably, the bacterial consortium of the present invention is: - Agatobacter rectalis; Anaerostipes caccae; Ruminococcus bromii; Bifidobacterium adolescentis; Lactobacillus rhamnosus; Blautia hydrogenotrophica; Phascolarctobacterium faecium and Bacteroides xylanisolvens; or - Agatobacter rectalis; Anaerostipes Caccae; Ruminococcus bromii; Bifidobacterium adolescentis; Lactobacillus rhamnosus; Blautia hydrogenotrophica; Phascolarctobacterium faecium and Prevotella copri; or - Bacteria having a DNA genome sequence with at least 90%, preferably at least 95%, and more preferably at least 99% sequence identity with sequence number 1, such as Agatobacter rectalis; Anaerostipes Caccae; Ruminococcus bromii; Bifidobacterium adolescentis; Lactobacillus rhamnosus; Blautia hydrogenotrophica; Phascolarctobacterium faecium and Sequence ID No. 1; or - Agatobacter rectalis; Anaerobutyricum hallii; Ruminococcus bromii; Bifidobacterium adolescentis; Lactobacillus rhamnosus; Blautia hydrogenotrophica; Phascolarctobacterium faecium and Bacteroides xylanisolvens; or - Agatobacter rectalis; Anaerobutyricum hallii; Ruminococcus bromii; Bifidobacterium adolescentis; Lactobacillus rhamnosus; Blautia hydrogenotrophica; Phascolarctobacterium faecium and Prevotella copri; or - Bacteria having a DNA genome sequence with at least 90%, preferably at least 95%, and more preferably at least 99% sequence identity with sequence number 1, such as Agatobacter rectalis; Anaerobutyricum hallii; Ruminococcus bromii; Bifidobacterium adolescentis; Lactobacillus rhamnosus; Blautia hydrogenotrophica; Phascolarctobacterium faecium and Sequence ID No. 1; or - Agatobacter rectalis; Anaerostipes Caccae; Anaerobutyricum hallii; Ruminococcus bromii; Bifidobacterium adolescentis; Lactobacillus rhamnosus; Blautia hydrogenotrophica; Phascolarctobacterium faecium and Bacteroides xylanisolvens; - Agatobacter rectalis; Anaerostipes Caccae; Anaerobutyricum hallii; Ruminococcus bromii; Bifidobacterium adolescentis; Lactobacillus rhamnosus; Blautia hydrogenotrophica; Phascolarctobacterium faecium and Prevotella copri; or - Bacteria having a DNA genome sequence with at least 90%, preferably at least 95%, and more preferably at least 99% sequence identity with sequence number 1, including Agatobacter rectalis, Anaerostipes Caccae, Anaerobutyricum hallii, Ruminococcus bromii, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Phascolarctobacterium faecium, and SEQ ID NO: 1. It includes or basically consists of them.

[0038] In some embodiments, Blautia hydrogenotrophica may be replaced in any of the above bacterial consortia by bacteria selected from the group consisting of Paraclostridium bifermentans, Terrisporobacter glycolicus, Terrisporobacter mayombei, Intestinibacter bartlettii, Eubacterium callanderi, and Eubacterium limosum, preferably Intestinibacter bartlettii.Alternatively, Blautia hydrogenotrophica is a species from any one of the bacterial consortia described herein, preferably Blautia luti, Blautia A wexlerae, Terrisporobacter othiniensis, Terrisporobacter glycolicus, Terrisporobacter mayombei, Intestinibacter bartlettii, Eubacterium callanderi, and Eubacterium limosum, from the group consisting of Blautia A luti and Blautia A It may be replaced by bacteria selected from the group consisting of Blautia A wexlerae, Terrisporobacter othiniensis, Terrisporobacter glycolicus, and Terrisporobacter mayombei, and more preferably from the group consisting of Terrisporobacter othiniensis, Blautia A luti, and Blautia A wexlerae.

[0039] In some embodiments, the bacterial consortium of the present invention is: - Agatobacter rectalis; Anaerostipes caccae; Ruminococcus bromii; Bifidobacterium adolescentis; Lactobacillus rhamnosus; Blautia hydrogenotrophica; Phascolarctobacterium faecium and Bacteroides xylanisolvens; - Agatobacter rectalis; Anaerostipes caccae; Ruminococcus bromii; Bifidobacterium adolescentis; Lactobacillus rhamnosus; Blautia hydrogenotrophica; Phascolarctobacterium faecium and Prevotella copri; - Agatobacter rectalis; Anaerostipes caccae; Ruminococcus bromii; Bifidobacterium adolescentis; Lactobacillus rhamnosus; Blautia hydrogenotrophica; Phascolarctobacterium faecium; and bacteria possessing the DNA genome sequence of Sequence ID No. 1; - Agatobacter rectalis; Anaerostipes caccae; Ruminococcus bromii; Bifidobacterium adolescentis; Lactobacillus rhamnosus; Terrisporobacter othiniensis, Phascolarctobacterium faecium, and Bacteroides xylanisolvens; or - Agatobacter rectalis; Anaerostipes caccae; Ruminococcus bromii; Bifidobacterium adolescentis; Lactobacillus rhamnosus; Blautia A wexlerae, Phascolarctobacterium faecium, and Bacteroides xylanisolvens It includes or consists of.

[0040] In particular, the composition of the present invention comprises 5 to 15 different bacterial strains, preferably 6 to 10 different bacterial strains.

[0041] Preferably, the compositions of the present invention do not contain succinate, holmate, and / or lactate, or contain them in a very limited way.

[0042] In some embodiments, the composition of the present invention, - Propionate, acetate and / or butyrate; - Pharmaceutical excipients or carriers; and / or - Cryoprotective agents, especially glycerol; culture media or dispersions, especially those containing peptone, yeast extract, monosaccharides, disaccharides, arabinogalactan, fructooligosaccharides, fiber, glycerol, soluble starch, resistant starch, xylan, minerals, cofactors, vitamins and reducing agents; aqueous gels; prebiotics and polymeric supports; and any combination thereof, selected from the group consisting of these components. Includes.

[0043] In other embodiments, the present invention relates to compositions as defined herein and bioreactors comprising such compositions.

[0044] In other embodiments, the present invention relates to a method for treating intestinal dysbiosis or a disease or disorder caused by or related to intestinal dysbiosis in a subject, the method comprising administering a composition of the present invention to the subject.

[0045] The present invention ultimately relates to the use of the compositions of the present invention for the manufacture of pharmaceuticals for the treatment of intestinal dysbiosis or diseases or disorders caused by or related to intestinal dysbiosis. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0046] definition Unless otherwise specified, all technical terms, symbols, and other scientific and technological terms used herein shall have meanings that are generally understood by those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0047] To make the present invention more easily understandable, certain terms will be defined hereafter in this specification. Further definitions will be provided through the detailed description.

[0048] As used herein, the terms “microbiome” and “microbial community” are equivalent and refer to an ecological community of symbiotic, mutualistic, and pathogenic microorganisms that literally share the same species of habitat or host. These terms specifically refer to the human gut or gut microbiota.

[0049] The terms “bacteria,” “bacterial strain,” and “bacterial strain” may be used interchangeably and refer to all bacteria of the taxonomic domain Bacteria. Due to their function, species of the genus Methanobrevibacter and Candidatus Methanomassiliicoccus (also known herein as Methanomassiliicoccus) belonging to the taxonomic domain Archaea are included herein in these terms. Preferably, the terms “bacteria,” “bacterial strain,” and “bacterial strain” refer to the taxonomic domain Bacteria.

[0050] The definitions of species used herein are determined by the sequence identity of their whole genomes and / or their characteristic sections (which may be via reference to publicly available databases). For example, bacteria having at least 95%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8%, or 99.9%, preferably 99.9%, of 16S rRNA sequence similarity are considered to belong to the same taxonomic group. As those skilled in the art will know, terminology is constantly changing due to the development of analytical methods and approaches by research groups. For example, the genus Clostridium is further classified into Clostridium E, Clostridium Q, and so on. Previous and current genome assignments can be found, for example, at https: / / www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov / Txonomy / Browser / wwwtax.cgi or https: / / gtdb.ecogenomic.org / .Changes in nomenclature that may be related to the present invention, as suggested by research groups or parts of research groups, include: changing Clostridium sporosphaeroides to Clostridium_E sporosphaeroides, changing Clostridium symbiosum to Clostridium_Q symbiosum, changing Coprococcus catus to Coprococcus_A catus, changing Hungatella species to Hungatella_A, and changing Phascolarctobacterium succinatutens to Phascolarctobacterium_A This includes the reclassification of Ruminococcus bromii to Ruminococcus E bromii, as well as the reclassification of Phascolarctobacterium succinatutens. Whenever conventional terminology for a genus is used (e.g., Clostridium), it should be used to include newly introduced related genera (e.g., Clostridium E, Clostridium Q, etc.).

[0051] It should be noted that the bacterium Clostridium lactatifermentans has recently been renamed Anaerotignum lactatifermentans. Therefore, as used herein, the terms "Clostridium lactatifermentans" and "Anaerotignum lactatifermentans" have the same meaning and may be used interchangeably.

[0052] It should also be noted that the bacterium "Eubacterium rectale" has been newly named "Agathobacter rectalis." Therefore, as used herein, the terms "Eubacterium rectale" and "Agathobacter rectalis" have the same meaning and can be used interchangeably.

[0053] Please note that the bacterium "Eubacterium hallii" has been newly named "Anaerobutyricum hallii." Therefore, as used herein, the terms "Eubacterium hallii" and "Anaerobutyricum hallii" have the same meaning and can be used interchangeably.

[0054] Please note that the bacterium "Agathobacter faecis" has been newly named "Roseburia faecis." Therefore, as used herein, the terms "Agathobacter faecis" and "Roseburia faecis" have the same meaning and may be used interchangeably.

[0055] Please note that the bacterium "Lactobacillus rhamnosus" has been newly named "Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus." Therefore, as used herein, the terms "Lactobacillus rhamnosus" and "Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus" have the same meaning and may be used interchangeably.

[0056] Please note that the bacterium "Eubacterium eligens" has been newly named "Lachnospira eligens." Therefore, as used herein, the terms "Eubacterium eligens" and "Lachnospira eligens" have the same meaning and can be used interchangeably.

[0057] Please note that "Clostridium bartlettii" has been renamed "Intestinibacter bartlettii." Therefore, as used herein, the terms "Clostridium bartlettii" and "Intestinibacter bartlettii" have the same meaning and may be used interchangeably.

[0058] Please note that "Clostridium glycolicum" has been newly named "Terrisprobacter glycolicus." Therefore, as used herein, the terms "Clostridium glycolicum" and "Terrisprobacter glycolicus" have the same meaning and may be used interchangeably.

[0059] Please note that "Clostridium mayombei" has been newly named "Terrisporobacter mayombei." Therefore, as used herein, the terms "Clostridium mayombei" and "Terrisporobacter mayombei" have the same meaning and may be used interchangeably.

[0060] Please note that "Clostridium bifermentans" has been newly named "Paraclostridium bifermentans." Therefore, as used herein, the terms "Clostridium bifermentans" and "Paraclostridium bifermentans" have the same meaning and may be used interchangeably.

[0061] The terms “consortium,” “bacterial consortium,” or “bacterial consortium” refer herein to at least three types of microorganisms, preferably five or more types of bacteria, that play a role in the same metabolic or nutrient network. Preferably, the microbial members of the consortium work together to the consortium, and in particular for their survival. More preferably, each bacterium in the consortium (i) produces compounds that are utilized by other bacteria in the consortium, and / or (ii) utilizes compounds produced by other bacteria in the consortium.

[0062] The term "short-chain fatty acid" (SCFA), also known as volatile fatty acid (VFA), specifically refers to fatty acids that have 2 to 6 carbon atoms.

[0063] As used herein, the term “intermediate metabolite” refers to a metabolite produced by bacteria or other bacteria that is used as an energy source. Such intermediate metabolites may particularly include degradation products from fibers, proteins or other organic compounds. Preferably, the intermediate metabolite is one or more of formate, lactate, and succinate. More generally, the term “intermediate metabolite” may refer to an undesirable metabolite, its presence or amount that is limited as much as possible in the composition according to the present invention.

[0064] As used herein, the term “final metabolite” refers to a bacterial metabolite that is not utilized or is only partially utilized by other bacteria. Preferably, final metabolites include butyrate and acetate and / or propionate, more preferably butyrate. More generally, the term “final metabolite” may refer to a desired metabolite, its presence or amount concentrated in the composition according to the present invention.

[0065] Where used herein, the terms “a,” “an,” “the,” and similar terms used in connection with the present invention (particularly in connection with the claims) should be construed to include both singular and plural forms unless otherwise indicated herein or unless such construed inconsistency is evident.

[0066] As used herein, the terms “including,” “containing,” and “comprising” are used in their open and non-restrictive sense.

[0067] As used herein, the term "consist essentially of" refers to elements required for a given embodiment. The term indicates the inclusion of any cited feature and allows for the optional presence of elements that do not substantially affect or alter the features or functions of the embodiment. Preferably, in relation to a composition containing bacteria, this refers to a composition containing the listed bacteria and, in the exclusion of other microorganisms such as bacteria, optionally containing other components such as prebiotics. In preferred embodiments, the term "consist essentially of" refers to a composition containing the listed bacteria and, in the exclusion of other bacteria, optionally containing other components such as prebiotics.

[0068] The term "at least one" means "one or more" or "one or several." For example, this could refer to 1, 2, 3, or 4 or more.

[0069] Consortium of bacterial strains The inventors have developed specific consortia of bacterial species, both of which reflect the complexity of the gut microbiota and increase the production of desirable end metabolites, particularly butyrate. The strains of the consortia disclosed herein have been selected to enable metabolic vegetative symbiotic interactions or cooperation among them.

[0070] Preferably, the bacteria of the consortium disclosed herein are intestinal (or gut) microbiota, particularly bacteria of the human intestinal (or gut) gut microbiota. Preferably, such bacteria are not pathogenic. This means that the bacteria according to the present invention are known not to cause any disease or disorder in the subject. Preferably, the bacteria used in the present invention are Class I bacterial strains.

[0071] Preferably, the bacteria of the consortium used in the present invention are facultative or strictly anaerobic.

[0072] Preferably, the bacteria of this consortium are isolated or purified bacteria, such as those isolated or purified from the human gut microbiota. In microbiology, the terms "isolation" or "purification" refer to the isolation of bacterial strains from a natural, living mixed population of microorganisms, such as the gut microbiota, or extracted from a sample of such a gut microbiota, such as feces or stool samples.

[0073] Preferably, the bacteria of the consortium disclosed herein are living bacteria. The terms “live bacteria” and “living bacteria” may be used interchangeably and refer to bacteria that have the ability to grow under suitable conditions. The viability of bacteria may be measured using biochemical assays. Preferably, these terms refer to bacterial strains having a viability of more than 50% (in a composition such as a pharmaceutical composition), generally more than 60%, and preferably more than 90%, as determined particularly by flow cytometry.

[0074] Preferably, the bacteria of the consortium disclosed herein are capable of converting substances and / or metabolites. As used herein, the terms “convert” or “convert” refer to the conversion of a substrate to a metabolite or from one metabolite to another, particularly through enzymatic reactions, for example, within a metabolic pathway.

[0075] Techniques for measuring substrate and / or metabolite transformations are well known in the art, including metabolomics, isotope labeling and metabolic flux analysis for tracking metabolite transformation and flow, pulsed stable isotope-resolved metabolomics, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, mass spectrometry-based metabolomics (LC-MS, GC-MS, HPLC-MS, etc.), or biological assays. These analytical techniques enable the detection, identification, and quantification of metabolites and their transformation products.

[0076] To create a consortium that reflects the complexity of the gut microbiota, the inventors identified key functions / pathways performed by bacteria in the gut microbiota. When bacteria are assembled into a specific consortium according to the present invention, each strain in the consortium is capable of performing a pathway selected from the group consisting of pathways A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, B1, B2, B3, B5, C1 and C2 and any combination thereof. Optionally, a strain in the consortium may be capable of performing pathway B4. Preferably, the consortium does not include any bacteria capable of performing pathway B4. These pathways are defined below.

[0077] As used herein, pathway (A1) corresponds to the conversion of the primary substrate and the production of formate. Therefore, strains capable of converting primary substrates such as sugars, starches, fibers, and / or proteins into formate perform pathway A1.

[0078] In particular, bacteria that perform pathway (A1) can convert at least 20%, at least 25%, more preferably at least 30% of the total carbon converted to the complex metabolite, namely formate (FO), lactate (LT), succinate (SU), acetate (AA), propionate (PA), butyrate (BA), and ethanol (Et), especially when grown in single culture for at least 48 hours in standard medium. In other words, after the experiment, at least 20%, at least 25%, or at least 30%, preferably at least 30%, of the total carbon in the complex metabolite (FO+LT+SU+AA+PA+BA+Et) is present as formate.

[0079] "Single culture" refers to a method of growing isolated bacteria of a single species or genus on a nutrient standard medium under controlled conditions.

[0080] A "standard culture medium" refers to a culture medium that supports the growth of a wide range of bacteria. Standard culture media typically contain a carbon source, a potassium and / or phosphorus source; a nitrogen and / or sulfur source; and a magnesium source.

[0081] Examples of suitable standard media are YCFA and M2GSC, which are well known to those skilled in the art. YCFA can be prepared as described in Duncan et al., Roseburia intestinalis sp. Nov., a novel saccharolytic, butyrate-producing bacterium from human faces. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2002; 52:1615-1620. Doi:10.1099 / 00207713-52-5-1615. It mainly consists of casiton, yeast extract, buffer (NaHCO3), reducing agents (cysteine, resazurin), mineral sources (K2HPO4, KH2PO4, NaCl, MgSO4, CaCl2), and vitamins (biotin, cobalamin, aminobenzoic acid, folic acid, pyridoxamine). M2GSC can be prepared as described in Miyazaki et al., Degradation and utilization of xylans by the rumen anaerobe Prevotella bryantii (formerly P. ruminicola subsp. Brevis) B14. Anaerobe. 1997; 3:373-381. Doi:10.1006 / anae.1997.0125. It mainly consists of casiton, yeast extract, buffer (NaHCO3), glucose, cellbiose, soluble starch, rumen fluid, reducing agents (cysteine, resazurin), and mineral sources (K2HPO4, KH2PO4, NaCl, MgSO4, CaCl2).

[0082] As used herein, pathway (A2) corresponds to the conversion of the primary substrate and the production of the acetate. Therefore, strains capable of converting primary substrates such as sugars, starches, fibers, and / or proteins into acetates perform pathway A2.

[0083] In particular, bacteria that perform pathway (A2) can convert at least 30%, at least 50%, more preferably at least 60% of the total carbon converted to the complex metabolites FO, LT, SU, AA, PA, BA, and ethanol into acetate, especially when grown in single culture for at least 48 hours in standard medium. In other words, after the experiment, at least 30%, at least 50%, or at least 60%, preferably 60%, of the total carbon in the complex metabolites (FO+LT+SU+AA+PA+BA+Et) is present as acetate.

[0084] As used herein, pathway (A3) corresponds to the conversion of the primary substrate and the generation of the butyrate.

[0085] In particular, bacteria that perform pathway (A3) can convert at least 30%, at least 50%, more preferably at least 60%, of the total carbon converted to the complex metabolites FO, LT, SU, AA, PA, BA, and ethanol to butyrate, especially when grown in single culture for at least 48 hours in standard medium. In other words, after the experiment, at least 30%, preferably at least 50%, more preferably 60%, of the total carbon in the complex metabolites (FO+LT+SU+AA+PA+BA+Et) is present as butyrate.

[0086] As used herein, pathway (A4) corresponds to the conversion of the primary substrate and the production of lactate.

[0087] In particular, bacteria that perform pathway (A4) can convert at least 30%, at least 50%, more preferably at least 60% of the total carbon converted to FO, LT, SU, AA, PA, BA, and ethanol into lactate, especially when grown in single culture for at least 48 hours in standard medium. In other words, after the experiment, at least 30%, preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 60% of the total carbon in the complex metabolite (FO+LT+SU+AA+PA+BA+Et) is present as lactate.

[0088] As used herein, pathway (A5) corresponds to the conversion of the primary substrate and the generation of the propionate.

[0089] In particular, bacteria that perform pathway (A5) can convert at least 30%, at least 50%, more preferably at least 60% of the total carbon converted to FO, LT, SU, AA, PA, BA, and ethanol into acetate, especially when grown in single culture for at least 48 hours in standard medium. In other words, after the experiment, at least 30%, preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 60% of the total carbon in the complex metabolite (FO+LT+SU+AA+PA+BA+Et) is present as acetate.

[0090] As used herein, pathway (A6) corresponds to the transformation of the primary substrate and the generation of succinate.

[0091] In particular, bacteria that perform pathway (A6) can convert at least 30%, at least 50%, more preferably at least 60% of the total carbon converted to FO, LT, SU, AA, PA, BA, and ethanol, especially when grown in single culture for at least 48 hours in standard medium. In other words, after the experiment, at least 30%, preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 60% of the total carbon in the complex metabolite (FO+LT+SU+AA+PA+BA+Et) is present as succinate.

[0092] As used herein, route (B1) corresponds to the conversion of holmate and the generation of acetate.

[0093] In particular, bacteria that perform pathway (B1) can degrade at least 20% of the formate in the medium, especially when grown in single culture for at least 48 hours in standard medium containing or supplemented with formate, and can convert at least 20%, preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 65%, of the total carbon converted to the complex metabolites FO, LT, SU, AA, PA, BA, and ethanol into acetate. In other words, after the experiment, the complex, positively accumulated metabolites (FO+LT+SU+AA+PA+BA+Et | Δ 代謝物 >0) At least 30%, preferably at least 50%, and more preferably at least 65% of the total carbon in the molecule are present as acetate.

[0094] As used herein, route (B2) corresponds to the conversion of acetate and the generation of butyrate.

[0095] In particular, bacteria that perform pathway (B2), especially when grown in single culture for at least 48 hours in standard medium or standard medium containing or supplemented with FO, LT and / or SU, degrade at least 20% of the acetate in the medium and convert at least 20%, preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 65%, of the total carbon converted to the complex metabolites FO, LT, SU, AA, PA, BA and ethanol to butyrate. In other words, after the experiment, the complex, positively accumulated metabolites (FO+LT+SU+AA+PA+BA+Et | Δ 代謝物 >0) At least 20%, preferably at least 50%, and more preferably at least 65% of the total carbon in the sample is present as butyrate.

[0096] As used herein, route (B3) corresponds to the conversion of lactart and the generation of butyrate.

[0097] In particular, bacteria that perform pathway (B3), especially when grown in single culture for at least 48 hours in standard medium containing or supplemented with lactate, degrade at least 20% of the lactate in the medium and convert at least 20%, preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 65%, of the total carbon converted to the complex metabolites FO, LT, SU, AA, PA, BA, and ethanol to butyrate. In other words, after the experiment, the complex, positively accumulated metabolites (FO+LT+SU+AA+PA+BA+Et | Δ 代謝物 >0) At least 20%, preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 65% of the total carbon is present as butyrate. As used herein, pathway (B4) corresponds to the conversion of lactate and the production of propionate.

[0098] In particular, bacteria that perform pathway (B4), especially when grown in single culture for at least 48 hours in standard medium containing or supplemented with lactate, degrade at least 20% of the lactate in the medium and convert at least 20%, preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 65%, of the total carbon converted to the complex metabolites FO, LT, SU, AA, PA, BA, and ethanol into propionate. In other words, after the experiment, the complex, positively accumulated metabolites (FO+LT+SU+AA+PA+BA+Et | Δ 代謝物 >0) At least 20%, preferably at least 50%, and more preferably at least 65% of the total carbon in the molecule are present as propionates.

[0099] As used herein, route (B5) corresponds to the transformation of succinate and the generation of propionate.

[0100] In particular, bacteria that perform pathway (B5), especially when grown in single culture for at least 48 hours in standard medium containing or supplemented with succinate, degrade at least 20% of succinate in the medium and convert at least 20%, preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 65%, of the total carbon converted to the complex metabolites FO, LT, SU, AA, PA, BA, and ethanol to propionate. In other words, after the experiment, the complex, positively accumulated metabolites (FO+LT+SU+AA+PA+BA+Et | Δ 代謝物 >0) At least 20%, preferably at least 50%, and more preferably at least 65% of the total carbon in the molecule are present as propionates.

[0101] As used herein, pathway (C1) corresponds to the reduction of oxygen and the conversion of the primary substrate to lactate.

[0102] As used herein, route (C2) corresponds to the conversion of H2, CO2, and formate to acetate.

[0103] Using literature data on hydrogen utilization or oxygen tolerance, we assigned C-reactions to strains by assigning oxygen reduction to strains reported to grow under aerobic or microaerobic conditions, and hydrogen consumption to acetic acid-producing or methane-producing enterobacteria. Strains capable of maintaining an O2 concentration in the culture medium below a concentration that inhibits the growth of at least one strain in this consortium can be identified as described in the literature (liquid phase O2 concentration <2 mg / L and / or RedOx potential <-250 mV; see Ricciardi et al., Rapid detection assay for oxygen consumption in the Lactobacillus casei group, Ann Microbiol 64, 1861-1864 (2014)). Strains capable of maintaining an H2 concentration in the culture medium below a concentration that inhibits the growth of at least one strain in this consortium can be identified as described in the literature by analyzing the amount of H2 in the headspace of the Hungate tube (preferably less than 4%; Leclerc et al., H2 / CO2 metabolism in acetogenic bacteria, isolated from the human colon, Anaerobe, 3(5), 307-315 (1997); Pham et al., Lactate-utilizing community is associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis in colicky See infants.Sci Rep.;7(1):11176(2017).

[0104] Next, bacteria are defined herein by their ability or performance to perform specific pathways in the gut microbiota. Such performance is, for example, the ability to break down or convert specific substrates, such as starch, and to produce specific products or metabolites, such as butyrate. Generally, one type of bacterium is capable of breaking down or converting a substrate (e.g., starch) and producing a product (e.g., butyrate). Therefore, bacteria capable of breaking down or converting the same substrate (e.g., starch) and producing the same metabolite (e.g., butyrate) have performed the same pathway.

[0105] The capabilities of such bacteria are well known in the art. Experiments to test whether a bacterial strain is capable of performing metabolic pathways are also known in the art. For example, the degradation of sugars, starches, or fibers can be simply tested by providing such substrates to bacteria and simultaneously observing or monitoring their growth. For example, bacterial characteristics can be revealed for growth and metabolite production in M2GSC medium (e.g., ATCC medium 2857) and its modifications, thereby replacing carbon sources glucose, cellobiose, and starch with specific substrates including intermediate metabolites and / or fibers, preferably those found in the human gut. The concentrations of the metabolites produced can be quantified by any analytical method available to those skilled in the art, such as refractive index-detection high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC-RI; e.g., as provided by Thermo Scientific Accela®). Further examples of such experiments for each of the various groups of pathways are provided below. In such examples, the concentration of metabolites is preferably determined by centrifuging the liquid culture sample at least 48 hours before / after the growth period, filtering the supernatant, and subjecting the filtrate to refractive index-detecting high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC-RI).

[0106] In particular, to test whether a strain is capable of performing pathways (A1) to (A6), the experiment may be as follows: When grown in a single culture strictly anaerobic in a Hungate tube for at least 48 hours in YCFA medium (yeast extract, casiton, fatty acids) and / or M2GSC medium (glucose, soluble starch, cellbiose medium) at pH 6.5–7 and 37°C, the strain is capable of converting a specified minimum share of total carbon, converted into the complex metabolites FO, LT, SU, AA, PA, BA, and Et, to the metabolite of interest. For example, the conditions for recognizing a bacterial strain as a format organism (performing pathway A1) are:

number

[0107] For example, the minimum share for holmate (pathway A1) is 0.2, preferably 0.25, and more preferably 0.3. The minimum shares for acetate (A2), butyrate (A3), lactate (A4), propionate (A5), and succinate (A6) are 0.3, preferably 0.5, and more preferably 0.6.

[0108] To test whether a strain is capable of following pathways (B1), (B3)-(B5), the experiment may be as follows: When grown in a single culture strictly anaerobic in a Hungate tube for at least 48 hours in modified M2GSC or YCFA medium at pH 6.5-7 and 37°C, the strain will degrade at least 20% of the intermediate metabolites of interest (FO, LT, SU) and convert at least 20%, preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 65%, of the total carbon converted to the combined metabolites FO, LT, SU, AA, PA, BA, and Et (i.e., positively accumulated FO, LT, SU, AA, PA, BA, and Et) into the individual final metabolites of interest (AA, BA, PA). Modified media M2FO, M2LT, and M2SU contain, in particular, 30 mM formate (FO), 30 mM DL-lactate (LT), or 30 mM sodium succinate (SU), respectively.

[0109] For example, the conditions for a strain to be eligible as a converter of lactat to butyrate (performing pathway B3) are:

number

[0110] Finally, to test whether the strain is viable for pathway (B2), the experiment may be as follows: When grown in a single culture strictly anaerobic in a Hungate tube for at least 48 hours in YCFA, M2GSC medium or a modified form thereof as described above at pH 6.5-7 and 37°C, the strain will degrade at least 20% of the acetate in the medium and convert at least 20%, preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 65%, of the total carbon converted to the complex metabolites FO, LT, SU, AA, PA, BA, and Et (i.e., positively accumulated FO, LT, SU, AA, PA, BA, and Et) into butyrate.

[0111] For example, the conditions for a strain to be eligible as an acetate-to-butyrate converter (performing pathway B2) are as follows:

number

[0112] A single strain may be tested against each of the above conditions to determine whether one or more metabolic pathways, such as those described herein, are viable.

[0113] Preferably, the Agatobacter rectalis bacteria included in the consortium according to the present invention are capable of executing pathways A4 and / or B2, preferably pathways A4 and B2, such as those described above.

[0114] Preferably, the Anaerostipes caccae bacteria included in the consortium according to the present invention are capable of executing pathways A3 and / or B2 and / or B3, preferably pathways A3, B2 and B3, such as those described above.

[0115] Preferably, the Anaerobutyricum hallii bacteria included in the consortium according to the present invention are capable of executing Pathway A3 and / or B2 and / or B3 and optionally C2, such as those as described above, preferably Pathways A3, B2 and B3.

[0116] The present invention relates to a consortium of anaerobic strains of the gut microbiota, said consortium comprising i) Agathobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii and up to 15 different strains.

[0117] In some embodiments, the bacterial ratio between i) Agathobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii is 10 7 :1 to 1:10 7 Preferably 10 5 :1 to 1:10 5 More preferably 10 3 :1 to 1:10 3 Particularly preferably it is included in 100:1 to 1:100, most preferably 10:1 to 1:10.

[0118] In some embodiments, the bacterial ratio between Agathobacter rectalis and Anaerostipes caccae is 10 7 :1 to 1:10 7 Preferably 10 5 :1 to 1:10 5 More preferably 10 3 :1 to 1:10 3 Particularly preferably it is included in 100:1 to 1:100, most preferably 10:1 to 1:10.

[0119] In some embodiments, the bacterial ratio between Agatobacter rectalis and Anaerobutyricum hallii is 10 7 :1~1:10 7 Preferably 10 5 :1~1:10 5 , more 10 3 :1~1:10 3 Particularly preferably, the ratio is 100:1 to 1:100, and most preferably 10:1 to 1:10.

[0120] As used herein, the term “bacterial ratio” refers in particular to the ratio of the number, quantity, or abundance of bacterial cells of strains in a culture medium. This is generally calculated by dividing the quantity of i) Agatobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii.

[0121] Preferably, the abundance or quantity of the bacterial strain is measured using optical density, qPCR, microarray technology, amplicon sequencing, flow cytometry or other microfluidic methods followed by single-cell sequencing or single-cell matrix-assisted laser desorption / ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF), chamber counting, total bacterial DNA quantification or metagenomic sequencing and gene grouping, proteomics profiling or total RNA sequencing of a composite sample.

[0122] In some embodiments, the consortium according to the present invention includes 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, or 8 or fewer different strains. In particular, the consortium according to the present invention includes 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, or 15 different strains, preferably 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, or 15 different strains, more preferably 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, or 15 different strains, and even more preferably 8 different strains. In particular, the consortium according to the present invention may include 5 to 15 different strains, preferably 5 to 10 different strains, more preferably 6 to 10 different strains, and even more preferably 7 to 9 different strains.

[0123] Preferably, the consortium includes or consists of i) Agatobacter rectalis, ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, and iii) one or more further strains, but no more than 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, or 6 different strains.

[0124] In some embodiments, the consortium comprises i) Agatobacter rectalis, ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, and iii) one or more strains capable of converting a primary substrate to formate, lactate, succinate, acetate, butyrate and / or propionate, where the primary substrate is selected from the group consisting of sugars, starches, fibers, proteins and any combination thereof.

[0125] In some embodiments, the consortium includes one or more strains capable of executing one or more pathways, particularly those selected from the group consisting of pathways A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, C1 and C2 and combinations thereof. Preferably, the consortium comprises or consists of one or more strains capable of executing one or more pathways selected from the group consisting of i) Agatobacter rectalis, ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, and iii) pathways A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, C1 and C2, preferably A1, A2, A4, A5, A6, B1, B5, C1 and C2, and more preferably A1, A2, A4, A6, B1 and B5.

[0126] Preferably, the present invention relates to a consortium of 15 or fewer different anaerobic strains of the intestinal flora, the consortium comprising or consisting of 1 to 13, preferably 5 to 10, more preferably 7 to 9 different strains capable of performing at least one pathway selected from the group consisting of pathways A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, C1 and C2, preferably A1, A2, A4, A5, A6, B1, B5, C1 and C2, and more preferably A1, A2, A4, A6, B1 and B5.

[0127] In certain embodiments, for each pathway A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, B1, B2, B3, B4, and B5, preferably for each pathway A1, A2, A4, A6, B1, B2, B3, and B5, the consortium includes one or more bacterial representatives (i.e., one or more bacteria representing a species or genus), preferably one bacterial representative. Furthermore, some of the indicated pathways can be completed by one or more bacterial strains. In other words, one species of bacteria can perform multiple pathways, and / or one pathway can be performed by one or more bacterial strains present in the consortium.

[0128] In one embodiment, the consortium according to the present invention includes or comprises: i) Agatobacter rectalis (performing pathways B2 and A4) and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii (performing pathways B2, B3, and A3) and iii): - One or more strains capable of converting primary substrates such as sugars, starches, fibers, and / or proteins into formate (pathway A1) - One or more strains (pathway A2) capable of converting primary substrates such as sugars, starches, fibers, and / or proteins into lactates and acetates; - One or more strains capable of selectively converting the primary substrate to butyrate (pathway A3); - One or more strains (pathway A4 and optionally pathway C1) capable of converting primary substrates such as sugars, starches, fibers, and / or proteins into lactate while selectively reducing oxygen; - One or more strains capable of selectively converting the primary substrate to propionate (pathway A5); - One or more strains (pathway A6) capable of converting primary substrates such as sugars, starches, fibers, and / or proteins to lactate and succinate; - One or more strains capable of converting formate to acetate, preferably H2, CO2, and formate to acetate (pathway B1, preferably path C2); - One or more strains (pathway B2) capable of selectively converting acetate to butyrate; - One or more strains (pathway B3) capable of selectively converting lactat to butyrate. - One or more strains (pathway B4) capable of selectively converting lactate to propionate; and / or - One or more strains (pathway B5) capable of converting succinate to propionate.

[0129] In one embodiment, the consortium according to the present invention includes or comprises: i) Agatobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii and iii): - One or more strains (pathway A1) capable of converting primary substrates such as sugars, starches, fibers and / or proteins into formate, - One or more strains (pathway A2) capable of converting primary substrates such as sugars, starches, fibers, and / or proteins into lactates and acetates; - One or more strains (pathway A4 and optionally pathway C1) capable of converting primary substrates such as sugars, starches, fibers, and / or proteins into lactate while selectively reducing oxygen; - One or more strains (pathway A5) capable of selectively converting the primary substrate to propionate; - One or more strains (pathway A6) capable of converting primary substrates such as sugars, starches, fibers, and / or proteins to lactate and succinate; - One or more strains (pathway B1, preferably path C2) capable of converting formate to acetate, preferably H2, CO2, and formate to acetate; - One or more strains (pathway B4) capable of selectively converting lactate to propionate; and - One or more strains (pathway B5) capable of converting succinate to propionate.

[0130] Preferably, the consortium does not include strains capable of converting lactate to propionate (pathway B4) and / or strains capable of converting primary substrate to propionate (pathway A5).

[0131] The aforementioned consortium may further include one or more further strains capable of executing one or more pathways selected from the group consisting of A3, A4, B2, B3 and any combination thereof.

[0132] In some embodiments, the consortium according to the present invention includes or comprises: i) Agatobacter rectalis; ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii; and iii) one or more strains capable of converting a primary substrate into lactate.

[0133] In some embodiments, the consortium according to the present invention includes or comprises: i) Agatobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii and iii): - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to format; - One or more strains capable of converting formate to acetate; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to acetate.

[0134] Furthermore, or otherwise, the consortium according to the present invention includes or comprises: i) Agatobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii and iii): - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to succinate; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting succinate to propionate.

[0135] Furthermore, or otherwise, the consortium according to the present invention includes or comprises: i) Agatobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii and iii): - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to propionate; - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to succinate; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting succinate to propionate.

[0136] In some embodiments, the consortium according to the present invention includes or comprises: i) Agatobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii and iii): - One or more strains (pathway A1) capable of converting primary substrates such as sugars, starches, fibers, and / or proteins into formate; - One or more strains (pathway A2) capable of converting primary substrates such as sugars, starches, fibers, and / or proteins into lactates and acetates; - One or more strains (pathway A4 and optionally pathway C1) capable of converting primary substrates such as sugars, starches, fibers, and / or proteins into lactate while selectively reducing oxygen; - One or more strains (pathway A5) capable of selectively converting the primary substrate to propionate; - One or more strains (pathway A6) capable of converting primary substrates such as sugars, starches, fibers, and / or proteins to lactate and succinate; - One or more strains (pathway B1, preferably path C2) capable of converting formate to acetate, preferably H2, CO2 and formate to acetate; and - One or more strains (pathway B5) capable of converting succinate to propionate.

[0137] The consortium may further include one or more further strains capable of executing one or more pathway(s) selected from the group consisting of A3, A4, B2, B3 and any combination thereof.

[0138] Preferably, the consortium does not include strains capable of converting lactate to propionate (pathway B4) and / or strains capable of converting primary substrate to propionate (pathway A5).

[0139] As described above, bacteria can be classified by their ability to perform metabolic pathways such as those disclosed herein. In addition, examples of bacterial genera and species capable of performing different metabolic pathways are provided below. Those skilled in the art can then select bacterial genera or species to meet the requirements of the different consortia disclosed herein.

[0140] Whenever a strain is described by taxonomy or by reference to a public collection of microorganisms, the claimed strain is one that is deposited under an acceptance number (e.g., ATCC, DSMZ, etc.) or closely related to, i.e., identical to or very similar to, a deposited strain in terms of physiological and biochemical characteristics. It is a general assumption that data obtained from a strain of a particular taxonomy are representative of other strains of the same taxonomy. For example, bacteria having at least 95%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8%, or 99.9%, preferably 99.9%, of 16S rRNA sequence similarity are considered to belong to the same taxonomy. Whenever multiple strains are described or claimed based on their relationship to a genus / classification at the genus level, a genus is defined as all strains having at least 90%, 93%, 94%, or 95%, preferably 95%, of 16S rRNA sequence similarity to a specifically enumerated representative of the genus.

[0141] The strains capable of following pathway (A1) are Anaerobutyricum, Bacteroides, Blautia, Collinsella, Coprococcus, Dorea, Erysipelatoclostridium, Escherichia, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira, Longicatena, Ruminococcus, and Celimonas. From the genus (Sellimonas) and any combination thereof; preferably from the genera Blautia, Coprococcus, Dorea, Erysipelatoclostridium, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira and Ruminococcus; more preferably from the genera Dorea, Faecalibacterium and Ruminococcus, and even more preferably from the genus Ruminococcus.

[0142] In particular, strains capable of pathway (A1) include Anaerobutyricum / Eubacterium hallii (e.g., ATCC 27751, DSM 3353, JCM 31263), Bacteroides clarus (e.g., DSM 22519, JCM 16067), Blautia hydrogenotrophica (e.g., DSM 10507, JCM 14656), Collinsella aerofaciens (e.g., ATCC 25986, DSM 3979, JCM 10188), and Coprococcus eutactus (e.g., ATCC 27759), Dorea formicigenerans (e.g., ATCC 27755, DSM 3992, JCM 31256), Dorea Longicatena (e.g., DSM 13814, JCM 11232), Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum (e.g., ATCC 25582, DSM 1402, JCM 1298), Eubacterium ramulus (e.g., ATCC 29099, DSM 15684, JCM 31355), Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (e.g., DSM 17677, ATCC 27768, ATCC 27766, JCM 31915), Lachnospira (Eubacterium) eligens (e.g., ATCC 27750, DSM 3376), Longicatena sp.(Especially those having a 16SRNA sequence such as SEQ ID NO: 11 or any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), from the species of Ruminococcus bromii (e.g., ATCC 27255) and Sellimonas intestinalis (e.g., JCM30749) and any combination thereof; preferably from Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Coprococcus eutactus, Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea Longicatena, Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum, Faecalibacterium From the species *Ruminococcus prausnitzii*, *Lachnospira eligens*, and *Ruminococcus bromii*; more preferably selected from the species *Dorea formicigenerans*, *Dorea longicatena*, *Faecalibacterium prausnitzii*, and *Ruminococcus bromii*; most preferably from the species *Ruminococcus bromii*.

[0143] The strains capable of following pathway (A2) are Acidaminococcus, Acutalibacter, Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Clostridium, Clostridium E, Clostridium Q, Collinsella, Copromonas, and Desulfovibrio. io), Dorea, Enterocloster, Escherichia, Eubacterium, Hungatella, Hungatella_A, Oliverbapstia, Peptoniphilus, Peptostreptococcus, Phocaeicola, Rhiziobiacea e) From the genera Ruminococcus, Sellimonas and Veillonella and any combination thereof; preferably Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Clostridium Q, Clostridium E, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Eubacterium, and Oliberpa They may be selected from the genera Oliverpabstia and Rhiziobiaceae; more preferably from the genera Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Eubacterium and Rhiziobiaceae, and even more preferably from the genera Blautia and Bifidobacterium.

[0144] In particular, strains capable of pathway (A2) include Acidaminococcus intestini (e.g., DSM 21505), Acutalibacter nov. (especially those with 16SRNA sequences, such as those indicated by SEQ ID NO: 9 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Bifidobacterium adolescentis (e.g., ATCC 15703, DSM 20083, JCM 1251), Bifidobacterium catenulatum (e.g., ATCC 27539, DSM 16992, JCM 1194), and Bifidobacterium longum (e.g., ATCC 27539, DSM 16992, JCM 1194). 15707, DSM 20219, JCM 1217), Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum (e.g., ATCC 27919, DSM 20438, JCM 1200), Bifidobacterium ruminantium (e.g., ATCC 49390, DSM 6489), Blautia hydrogenotrophica (e.g., DSM 10507, JCM 14656), Clostridium perfringens (e.g., ATCC 13124, DSM 756), Clostridium E sporosphaeroides (e.g., ATCC Clostridium Q symbiosum (e.g., ATCC 14940, DSM 934, JCM 1297), Collinsella aerofaciens (e.g., ATCC 25986, DSM 3979, JCM 10188), Copromonas sp.(In particular, having 16SRNA sequences such as those represented by sequence numbers 2, 3, 4, or 8 or any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Desulfovibrio piger (e.g., ATCC 29098, DSM 749), Dorea formicigenerans (e.g., ATCC 27755, DSM 3992, JCM 31256), Dorea longicatena (e.g., DSM 13814, JCM 11232), Dorea sucindes (Dorea *Eubacterium scindens*, *Dorea* sp. 900066555, *Enterocloster* sp. (especially those with 16SRNA sequences, such as those indicated by SEQ ID NO: 12 or any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), *Escherichia coli* (e.g., ATCC 11775, DSM 30083, JCM 1649), *Eubacterium callanderi* (e.g., ATCC 49165, DSM 3662, JCM 10284), *Eubacterium limosum* (e.g., ATCC 8486, DSM 20543, JCM 6421, JCM 9978), *Hungatella efulvii* *Hungatella effluvii* (e.g., DSM 24995), *Hungatella A* sp. (especially those with a 16SRNA sequence, such as those indicated by SEQ ID NO: 5 or any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), *Oliverpabstia* sp.(In particular, those having a 16SRNA sequence such as that shown in SEQ ID NO: 7 or any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Peptoniphilus vaginalis (e.g., DSM 101742), Peptostreptococcus anaerobius (e.g., ATCC 27337, DSM 2949), Phocaeicola plebeius (e.g., DSM 17135, JCM 12973), Rhizobiaceae nov.The genera (especially those having a 16SRNA sequence such as SEQ ID NO: 13 or any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Ruminoccocus bromii (e.g., ATCC 27255), Sellimonas intestinalis (e.g., JCM 30749), and Veillonella ratti (e.g., ATCC 17746, DSM 20736, JCM 6512) and any combination thereof; preferably the species Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Bifidobacterium longum longum), Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium ruminantium, Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Clostridium Q symbiosum, Clostridium E sporosphaeroides, Desulfovibrio piger, Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea Longicatena, Dorea scindens, Dorea sp.900066555, Eubacterium calanderii Eubacterium callanderi, Eubacterium limosum, Oliverpabstia sp., and Rhizobiaceae nov.From the genus species; more preferably Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium ruminantium, Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Desulfovibrio piger, Dorea Longicatena, Eubacterium callanderi, Eubacterium limosum Species may be selected from the genera *Limosum* and *Rhizobiaceae* nov.; most preferably from *Bifidobacterium adolescentis* or *Blautia hydrogenotrophica*, preferably from the species *Bifidobacterium adolescentis*.

[0145] The strains capable of following pathway (A3) are Acidaminococcus, Agatobacter, Anaerobutyricum, Anaerostipes, Anaerotignum, Bariatricus, Clostridium, Clostridium E, Clostridium Q, Coprococcus, Coprococcus A, Copromonas, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, and Flavonifractor. From the genera Flavonifractor, Longicatena, Peptoniphilus, and Roseburia and any combination thereof; preferably from Acidaminococcus, Anaerobutyricum, Anaerostipes, Coprococcus, Coprococcus A, Copromonas, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, Flavonifractor, Longicatena, and Roseburia;More preferably, the species may be selected from the genera Acidaminococcus, Anaerobutyricum, Anaerostipes, Copromonas, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, Flavonifractor, Longicatena, and Roseburia, and even more preferably from the genera Anaerobutyricum and Anaerostipes.

[0146] In particular, strains capable of performing pathway (A3) include Acidaminococcus intestini (e.g., DSM 21505, CIP 108586), Agathobacter rectalis / Eubacterium rectale (e.g., DSM 17629), Agathobacter / Roseburia faecis (e.g., DSM 16840), Anaerobutyricum / Eubacterium hallii (e.g., ATCC 27751, DSM 3353, JCM 31263), and Anaerostipes caccae (e.g., DSM 16840). 14662, JCM 13470), Anaerostipes hadrus (e.g., ATCC 29173, DSM 3319), Anaerotignum sp000436415, Bariatricus comes (e.g., ATCC 27758), Clostridium perfringens (e.g., ATCC 13124, DSM 756), Clostridium E sporosphaeroides (e.g., ATCC 25781, DSM 1294), Clostridium Q symbiosum (e.g., ATCC 14940, DSM 934, JCM) 1297), Coprococcus eutactus (e.g., ATCC 27759), Coprococcus A catus (e.g., ATCC 27761), Copromonas sp.(In particular, those having 16SRNA sequences such as those shown in SEQ ID NOs. 2, 3, 4, or 8 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Eubacterium ramulus (e.g., ATCC 29099, DSM 15684, JCM 31355), Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (e.g., DSM 17677, ATCC 27768, ATCC 27766, JCM 31915), Flavonifractor plautii (e.g., ATCC 29863, DSM From species of *Longicatena* sp. (especially those having a 16SRNA sequence, such as sequence number 11 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), *Peptoniphilus vaginalis* (e.g., DSM 101742), *Roseburia hominis* (e.g., DSM 16839) and *Roseburia intestinalis* (e.g., DSM 14610, JCM 31262) and any combination thereof; preferably from *Acidaminococcus intestini*, *Anaerobutyricum / Eubacterium*. hallii), Anaerostipes caccae, Anaerostipes hadrus, Coprococcus eutactus, Coprococcus A catus, Copromonas sp.From the species Eubacterium ramulus, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Flavonifractor plautii, Longicatena sp., Roseburia hominis and Roseburia intestinalis; more preferably from Acidaminococcus intestini, Anaerobutyricum / Eubacterium hallii, Anaerostipes caccae, Anaerostipes hadolus The species can be selected from *Eubacterium hadrus*, *Eubacterium ramulus*, *Faecalibacterium prausnitzii*, *Flavonifractor plautii*, *Roseburia hominis*, and *Roseburia intestinalis*.

[0147] The strains capable of performing pathway (A4) are from the genera Agatobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Bifidobacterium, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Longicatena, Merdisoma, Peptostreptococcus, Roseburia, Streptococcus, and Sutterella and any combination thereof; preferably Agatobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Collinsella a) can be selected from the genera Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Peptostreptococcus, Streptococcus and Sutterella; more preferably from the genera Agathobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Streptococcus and Sutterella, and even more preferably from the genera Lactobacillus or Agathobacter.

[0148] In particular, strains capable of performing pathway (A4) include Agathobacter rectalis (e.g., DSM 17629), Agathobacter / Roseburia faecis (e.g., DSM 16840), Bacteroides clarus (e.g., DSM 22519, JCM 16067), Bacteroides faecis (e.g., DSM 24798, JCM 16478), Bacteroides uniformis (e.g., DSM 6597, ATCC 8492, JCM 5828), and Bariatricus comes (e.g., ATCC 27758), Bifidobacterium adolescentis (e.g., ATCC 15703, DSM 20083, JCM 1251), Collinsella aerofaciens (e.g., ATCC 25986, DSM 3979, JCM 10188), Enterococcus faecalis (e.g., ATCC 29212, DSM 2570), Enterococcus faecium (e.g., ATCC 19434, DSM 10477, JCM 8727), Enterococcus gallinarum (e.g., ATCC 49573, JCM 10188) 8728), Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (e.g., ATCC 7469, DSM 20021, JCM1136), Longicatena sp. (in particular, having a 16SRNA sequence such as that shown in SEQ ID NO: 11 or any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Merdisoma aerosacerifilusAerosacheriphilus) (especially those with a 16SRNA sequence, such as that shown in SEQ ID NO: 10 or any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Peptostreptococcus stomatis (e.g., DSM 17678, JCM 15636), Roseburia hominis (e.g., DSM 16839), Streptococcus anginosus (e.g., ATCC 33397, DSM 20563, JCM 12993), Sutterella wadsworthensis (e.g., ATCC 51579, DSM From the species of 14016) and any combination thereof; preferably Agathobacter rectalis (also called Eubacterium rectale), Agathobacter faecis (also called Roseburia faecis), Bacteroides clarus, Bacteroides uniformis, Bariatricus comes, Collinsella aerofaciens, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus gallinarum gallinarum), Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (also known as Lactobacillus rhamnosus), Peptostreptococcus stomatis, Streptococcus anginosus, and Sutterella wadswosensisFrom the species of wadsworthensis; more preferably Agathobacter rectalis (also called Eubacterium rectale), Bacteroides uniformis, Bariatricus comes, Collinsella aerofaciens, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus gallinarum, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (also called Lactobacillus rhamnosus), Streptococcus anginosus From the species Lactobacillus anginosus and Sutterella wadsworthensis; more preferably selected from the species Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Agathobacter rectalis and Bifidobacterium adolescentis, most preferably from the species Lactobacillus rhamnosus.

[0149] Strains capable of following pathway (A5) are from the genera Anaerotignum, Bacteroides, Phocaeicola, and Veillonella, and any combination thereof; preferably the strain is from the genus Bacteroides or Phocaeicola.

[0150] In particular, strains capable of performing pathway (A5) are from the species of Anaerotignum lactatifermentans (e.g., DSM 14214), Anaerotignum sp. 436415, Bacteroides fragilis (e.g., ATCC 25285, DSM 2151, JCM 11019), Phocaeicola vulgatus (e.g., ATCC 8482, DSM 1447, JCM 5826) and Veillonella ratti (e.g., ATCC 17746, DSM 20736, JCM 6512) and any combination thereof; preferably Bacteroides fragilis It can be selected from the species Phocaeicola fragilis and Phocaeicola vulgatus.

[0151] Strains capable of performing pathway (A6) are from the novel genera Acutalibacter (particularly those having a DNA genomic sequence such as that represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 or a variant that is at least 90%, 95%, or 99% identical thereto, and / or a 16RNA sequence such as that represented by SEQ ID NO: 9 or a variant that has at least 95%, preferably at least 97%, more preferably 99%, 99.5%, 99.7%, or 99.9% sequence identity thereto), Bacteroides, Oliverbapstia, Parabacteroides, Phocaeicola, and Prevotella and any combination thereof; preferably Acutalibacter They can be selected from the genera Acutalibacter nov, Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Phocaeicola and Prevotella; more preferably from the genera Acutalibacter nov, Bacteroides, Phocaeicola and Prevotella, even more preferably from the genera Acutalibacter nov, Bacteroides and Prevotella, and most preferably from the genera Bacteroides and Prevotella.

[0152] In particular, strains capable of performing pathway (A6) include the genus Acutalibacter nov. (especially those having a DNA genomic sequence such as that represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 or a variant that is at least 90%, 95%, or 99% identical thereto, and / or a 16RNA sequence such as that represented by SEQ ID NO: 9 or a variant that has at least 95%, preferably at least 97%, more preferably 99%, 99.5%, 99.7%, or 99.9% sequence identity thereto), Bacteroides faecis (e.g., DSM 24798, JCM 16478), Bacteroides fragilis (e.g., ATCC 25285, DSM 2151, JCM 11019), and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (e.g., ATCC 29148, DSM Bacteroides xylanisolvens (e.g., DSM 18836, JCM 15633), Oliverpabstia sp. (2079, JCM 5827)(In particular, having a 16SRNA sequence such as that shown in SEQ ID NO: 7 or any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Bacteroides faecis (e.g., DSM 24798, JCM 16478), Parabacteroides distasonis (e.g., ATCC 8503, DSM 20701), Phocaeicola dorei (e.g., DSM 17855, JCM 13471), Phocaeicola plebeius (e.g., DSM 17135, JCM 12973), Phocaeicola vulgatus (e.g., ATCC 8482, DSM 1447, JCM From species of *Phocaeicola* (5826) and *Prevotella copri* (e.g., DSM 18205, JCM 13464) and any combination thereof; preferably from the genus *Acutalibacter*, *Bacteroides faecis*, *Bacteroides fragilis*, *Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron*, *Bacteroides xylanisolvens*, *Parabacteroides distasonis*, *Phocaeicola dorei*, *Phocaeicola plebeius*, *Phocaeicola vulgatus* From the seeds of *vulgatus* and *Prevotella copri*; more preferably from *Acutalibacter*.The genera include Bacteroides faecis, Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides xylanisolvens, Phocaeicola plebeius, Phocaeicola vulgatus, and Prevotella copri. From the species of *Bacteroides copri*; most preferably selected from the genus *Acutalibacter* nov. (particularly those having a DNA genomic sequence such as that represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 or a variant identical thereto by at least 90%, 95%, or 99% and / or a 16RNA sequence such as that represented by SEQ ID NO: 9 or a variant having at least 95%, preferably at least 97%, more preferably 99%, 99.5%, 99.7%, or 99.9% sequence identity), *Prevotella copri*, and *Bacteroides xylanisolvens*.

[0153] Strains capable of performing pathway (B1) may be selected from the genera Blautia, Eubacterium, Paraclostridium, Terrisporobacter, and Intestinibacter; preferably from the genera Blautia or Intestinibacter. Preferably, strains capable of performing pathway (B1) may be selected from the genera Eubacterium, Paraclostridium, Terrisporobacter, and Intestinibacter, preferably from the genera Intestinibacter. Preferably, strains capable of performing pathway (B1) may be selected from the genera Blautia, Eubacterium, Terrisporobacter, and Intestinibacter, and preferably from the genera Blautia or Terrisporobacter. In particular, strains capable of performing pathway (B1) may be selected from the genera Blautia and Eubacterium; preferably from the genera Blautia.

[0154] In particular, strains capable of performing pathway (B1) include Blautia hydrogenotrophica (e.g., DSM 10507, JCM 14656), Terrisporobacter othiniensis (e.g., DSM 29186), Blautia A luti (e.g., DSM 14534), Blautia A wexlerae (especially those with a 16SRNA sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 17 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Eubacterium callanderi (e.g., ATCC 49165, DSM 3662, JCM 10284), and Eubacterium limosum. From the species of *Limosum* (e.g., ATCC 8486, DSM 20543, JCM 6421, JCM 9978), *Paraclostridium bifermentans* (e.g., DSM 14991, JCM 1386), *Terrisporobacter glycolicus* (e.g., DSM 1288, ATCC 14880), *Terrisporobacter mayombei* (e.g., DSM 6539), and *Intestinibacter bartlettii* (e.g., DSM 16795), preferably *Blautia hydrogenotrophica* (e.g., DSM 10507, JCM 9978), 14656), Terrisporobacter othiniensis (e.g., DSM 29186), Blautia A luti (e.g., DSM 14534), Eubacterium callanderi (e.g., ATCC 49165, DSM 3662, JCM 10284), Blautia A wechthlera (Blautia AWexlerae) (especially having a 16SRNA sequence such as that shown in SEQ ID NO: 17 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Eubacterium callanderi (e.g., ATCC 49165, DSM 3662, JCM 10284), Eubacterium limosum (e.g., ATCC 8486, DSM 20543, JCM 6421, JCM 9978), Terrisporobacter glycolicus (e.g., DSM 1288, ATCC 14880), Terrisporobacter mayombei (e.g., DSM 6539), Intestinibacter Species of bartlettii (e.g., DSM 16795) and any combination thereof can be selected.

[0155] Preferably, strains capable of performing pathway (B1) include Blautia hydrogenotrophica (e.g., DSM 10507, JCM 14656), Eubacterium callanderi (e.g., ATCC 49165, DSM 3662, JCM 10284), Eubacterium limosum (e.g., ATCC 8486, DSM 20543, JCM 6421, JCM 9978), Paraclostridium bifermentans (e.g., DSM 14991, JCM 1386), and Terrisporobacter glycolicus (e.g., DSM 1288, ATCC The species may be selected from those of Terrisporobacter mayombei (e.g., DSM 6539), Intestinibacter bartlettii (e.g., DSM 16795), and any combination thereof, preferably from Blautia hydrogenotrophica or Intestinibacter bartlettii.Alternatively, strains capable of following pathway (B1) include Blautia hydrogenotrophica (e.g., DSM 10507, JCM 14656), Eubacterium callanderi (e.g., ATCC 49165, DSM 3662, JCM 10284), Eubacterium limosum (e.g., ATCC 8486, DSM 20543, JCM 6421, JCM 9978), Terrisporobacter glycolicus (e.g., DSM 1288, ATCC 14880), and Terrisporobacter mayombei (e.g., DSM 1288, ATCC 14880). 6539), may be selected from species of Intestinibacter bartlettii (e.g., DSM 16795) and any combination thereof, preferably from Blautia hydrogenotrophica or species of Intestinibacter bartlettii.In particular, strains capable of performing pathway (B1) include Eubacterium callanderi (e.g., ATCC 49165, DSM 3662, JCM 10284), Eubacterium limosum (e.g., ATCC 8486, DSM 20543, JCM 6421, JCM 9978), Paraclostridium bifermentans (e.g., DSM 14991, JCM 1386), Terrisporobacter glycolicus (e.g., DSM 1288, ATCC 14880), and Terrisporobacter mayombei (e.g., DSM 1288, ATCC 14880) 6539), may be selected from species of Intestinibacter bartlettii (e.g., DSM 16795) and any combination thereof, preferably from species of Intestinibacter bartlettii. In particular, strains capable of performing pathway (B1) can be selected from species of Blautia hydrogenotrophica (e.g., DSM 10507, JCM 14656), Eubacterium callanderi (e.g., ATCC 49165, DSM 3662, JCM 10284), and Eubacterium limosum (e.g., ATCC 8486, DSM 20543, JCM 6421, JCM 9978) and any combination thereof, preferably from species of Blautia hydrogenotrophica.Alternatively, strains capable of performing pathway (B1) may be selected from the species and any combination thereof of Blautia hydrogenotrophica (e.g., DSM 10507, JCM 14656), Terrisporobacter othiniensis (e.g., DSM 29186), Blautia A luti (e.g., DSM 14534), Blautia A wexlerae (especially those having a 16SRNA sequence such as that shown in SEQ ID NO: 17 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), preferably from the species Blautia hydrogenotrophica.

[0156] Strains capable of performing pathway (B2) may be selected from the genera Agatobacter, Anaerobutyricum, Anaerostipes, Anaerotignum, Desulfovibrio, Dysosmobacter, Faecalibacterium, Longicatena, and Roseburia, and any combination thereof; preferably selected from the genera Agatobacter, Anaerobutyricum, Anaerostipes, Desulfovibrio, Faecalibacterium, and Roseburia.

[0157] In particular, strains capable of performing pathway (B2) include Agatobacter rectalis / Eubacterium rectale (e.g., DSM 17629), Agatobacter / Roseburia faecis (e.g., DSM 16840), Anaerobutyricum / Eubacterium hallii (e.g., ATCC 27751, DSM 3353, JCM 31263), Anaerostipes caccae (e.g., DSM 14662, JCM 13470), and Anaerostipes hadrus (e.g., ATCC 29173, DSM 13470). 3319), Anaerotignum sp. (particularly having a 16RNA sequence such as SEQ ID NO: 16 or a variant having at least 95%, preferably at least 97%, more preferably 99%, 99.5%, 99.7%, or 99.9% sequence identity thereto), Desulfovibrio piger (e.g., ATCC 29098, DSM 749), Dysosmobacter sp. (particularly having a 16SRNA sequence such as the one shown in SEQ ID NO: 6, and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity thereto), Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (e.g., ATCC 27768, ATCC 27766, DSM 17677, JCM) 31915), Longicatena sp., species of Roseburia hominis (e.g., DSM 16839) and Roseburia intestinalis (e.g., DSM 14610, JCM 31262) and any combination thereof; preferably Agathobacter rectalis, Anaerobutyricum hallii, Anaerostipes caccae, Anaerostipes hadrus, Desulfovibirio piger, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Roseburia hominis Species of *Agathobacter hominis* and *Roseburia intestinalis*; more preferably, species of *Anaerobutyricum hallii*, *Anaerostipes caccae*, and *Agathobacter rectalis* may be selected.

[0158] Strains capable of performing pathway (B3) may be selected from the genera Anaerobutyricum, Anaerostipes, and Eubacterium and any combination thereof; preferably selected from the genera Anaerobutyricum and Anaerostipes.

[0159] In particular, strains capable of performing pathway (B3) include Anaerobutyricum / Eubacterium hallii (e.g., ATCC 27751, DSM 3353, JCM 31263), Anaerostipes caccae (e.g., DSM 14662, JCM 13470), Eubacterium callanderi (e.g., ATCC 49165, DSM 3662, JCM 10284), and Eubacterium limosum (e.g., ATCC 8486, DSM 20543, JCM 6421, JCM 10284). From the species of 9978) and any combination thereof; preferably, selections may be made from the species of Anaerobutyricum hallii and Anaerostipes caccae.

[0160] Strains capable of performing pathway (B4) are from the genera Anaerotignum, Clostridium (Clostridium E), Coprococcus A, Frisingococcus, and Veillonella, and any combination thereof; preferably, they may be selected from the genera Anaerotignum, Coprococcus A, Frisingococcus, and Veillonella.

[0161] In particular, strains capable of performing pathway (B4) include Anaerotignum nov sp. (especially those with a 16SRNA sequence, such as that indicated by SEQ ID NO: 14 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Clostridium E sporosphaeroides (e.g., ATCC 25781, DSM 1294), Coprococcus A catus (e.g., ATCC 27761), Frisingococcus sp. (especially those with a 16SRNA sequence, such as that indicated by SEQ ID NO: 15 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), and Veillonella atypica (e.g., ATCC 17744, DSM 1294). From species of Veillonella (20739), Veillonella parvula subsp. parvula (e.g., DSM 2008), Veillonella ratti (e.g., ATCC 17746, DSM 20736, JCM 6512), and any combination thereof, selections may preferably be made from Anaerotignum nov sp., Coprococcus A catus, Frisingococcus sp., Veillonella atypica, and Veillonella parvula subsp. parvula.

[0162] Strains capable of performing pathway (B5) may be selected from the genera Dialister, Flavonifractor, Phascolarctobacterium, Phascolarctobacterium_A, and Veillonella, and any combination thereof; preferably from the genera Dialister, Flavonifractor, Phascolarctobacterium, and Phascolarctobacterium_A, more preferably from the genus Phascolarctobacterium.

[0163] In particular, strains capable of performing pathway (B5) include Dialister hominis (e.g., DSM 109768), Dialister invisus (e.g., DSM 15470, JCM 17566), Flavonifractor plautii (e.g., ATCC 29863, DSM 4000), Phascolarctobacterium faecium (e.g., DSM 14760), Phascolarctobacterium A succinatutens (e.g., DSM 22533), and Veillonella parvula subsp. parvula (e.g., DSM 109768). From the species of Veillonella ratti (e.g., ATCC 17746, DSM 20736, JCM 6512) and any combination thereof, preferably from the species of Dialister hominis, Dialister invisus, Flavonifractor plautii, Phascolarctobacterium faecium and Phascolarctobacterium A succinatutens; more preferably from the species of Phascolarctobacterium faecium.

[0164] Strains capable of performing pathway (C1) may be selected from the genera Enterococcus, Escherichia, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, and Streptococcus, and any combination thereof; preferably selected from the genera Enterococcus, Escherichia, and Lacticaseibacillus.

[0165] In particular, strains capable of performing pathway (C1) include Enterococcus caccae (e.g., ATCC BAA-1240, DSM 19114), Enterococcus faecalis (e.g., ATCC 29212, DSM 2570), Escherichia coli (e.g., ATCC 11775, DSM 30083, JCM 1649), Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (e.g., ATCC 7469, DSM 20021, JCM 1136), and Lactococcus lactis (e.g., ATCC 19435, DSM 1649). From species of Streptococcus salivarius (e.g., ATCC 7073, DSM 20560, JCM 5707) and any combination thereof; preferably selected from Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus.

[0166] Strains capable of following pathway (C2) may be selected from the genera Acetobacterium, Anaerobutyricum, Blautia, Candidatus Methanomassiliicoccus, Clostridium, Eubacterium, Methanobrevibacter, Paraclostridium, Terrisporobacter, Intestinibacter, and any combination thereof; preferably selected from the genera Intestinibacter, Blautia, and Eubacterium. Strains capable of following pathway (C2) may also be selected from the genera Acetobacterium, Anaerobutyricum, Candidatus Methanomassiliicoccus, Clostridium, Eubacterium Methanobrevibacter, Paraclostridium, Terrisporobacter, Intestinibacter, and any combination thereof; preferably, they may be selected from the genera Intestinibacter and Eubacterium.Strains capable of performing pathway (C2) may be selected from the genera Acetobacterium, Anaerobutyricum, Blautia, Candidatus Methanomassiliicoccus, Clostridium, Eubacterium, and Methanobrevibacter, and any combination thereof; preferably, they may be selected from the genera Anaerobutyricum, Blautia, and Eubacterium.

[0167] In particular, strains capable of performing pathway (C2) include Acetobacterium carbinolicum (e.g., ATCC BAA-990, DSM 2925), Acetobacterium malicum (e.g., DSM 4132), Acetobacterium wieringae (e.g., ATCC 43740, DSM 1911, JCM 2380), Blautia hydrogenotrophica (e.g., DSM 10507, JCM 14656), and Blautia producta (e.g., ATCC 27340, DSM 2950, ​​JCM 14656). 1471), Candidatus Methanomassiliicoccus intestinalis, Clostridium aceticum (e.g., ATCC 35044, DSM 1496, JCM 15732), Clostridium glycolicum (or Terrisporobacter glycolicus, e.g., ATCC 14880, DSM 1288, JCM 1401), Clostridium magnum (e.g., ATCC 49199, DSM 2767), Clostridium mayombe (or Terrisporobacter mayombei, e.g., ATCC 51428, DSM 2767, DSM 6539), Anaerobutyricum / Eubacterium hallii (e.g., ATCC 27751, DSM 3353, JCM 31263), Eubacterium limosum (e.g., ATCC 8486, DSM 20543, JCM 6421), Eubacterium ramulus (e.g., ATCCSpecies of Methanobrevibacter smithii (e.g., ATCC 35061, DSM 861, JCM 328), Intestinibacter bartlettii (e.g., DSM 16795), Paraclostridium bifermentans (e.g., DSM 14991, JCM 1386) and any combination thereof may be selected; preferably Intestinibacter bartlettii, Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Blautia producta, Eubacterium limosum Selected from the species *Eubacterium limosum* and *Eubacterium ramulus*. For example, strains capable of following pathway (C2) include Acetobacterium carbinolicum (e.g., ATCC BAA-990, DSM 2925), Acetobacterium malicum (e.g., DSM 4132), Acetobacterium wieringae (e.g., ATCC 43740, DSM 1911, JCM 2380), Candidatus Methanomassiliicoccus intestinalis, Clostridium aceticum (e.g., ATCC 35044, DSM 1496, JCM 15732), and Clostridium glycolycum. (Clostridium glycolicum) (or Terrisporobacter glycolicus, e.g., ATCC 14880, DSM 1288, JCM 1401), Clostridium magnum (e.g., ATCC49199, DSM 2767), Clostridium mayombe (or Terrisporobacter mayombei, e.g. ATCC 51428, DSM 2767, DSM 6539), Anaerobutyricum / Eubacterium hallii (e.g. ATCC 27751, DSM 3353, JCM 31263), Eubacterium limosum (e.g. ATCC 8486, DSM 20543, JCM 6421), Eubacterium ramulus (e.g. ATCC 29099, DSM 20543, JCM 6421) Species of Methanobrevibacter smithii (e.g., ATCC 35061, DSM 861, JCM 328), Intestinibacter bartlettii (e.g., DSM 16795), Paraclostridium bifermentans (e.g., DSM 14991, JCM 1386) and any combination thereof may be selected; preferably, species of Intestinibacter bartlettii, Eubacterium limosum, and Eubacterium ramulus may be selected. Preferably, strains capable of performing pathway (C2) include Acetobacterium carbinolicum (e.g., ATCC BAA-990, DSM 2925), Acetobacterium malicum (e.g., DSM 4132), Acetobacterium wieringae (e.g., ATCC 43740, DSM1911, JCM 2380), and Blautia hydrogenotrophica (e.g., DSM 2925).10507, JCM 14656), Blautia producta (e.g., ATCC 27340, DSM 2950, ​​JCM 1471), Candidatus Methanomassiliicoccus intestinalis, Clostridium aceticum (e.g., ATCC 35044, DSM 1496, JCM 15732), Clostridium glycolicum (e.g., ATCC 14880, DSM 1288, JCM 1401), Clostridium magnum (e.g., ATCC 49199, DSM 2767), Clostridium mayombe Eubacterium mayombe (e.g., ATCC 51428, DSM 2767), Anaerobutyricum / Eubacterium hallii (e.g., ATCC 27751, DSM 3353, JCM 31263), Eubacterium limosum (e.g., ATCC 8486, DSM 20543, JCM 6421), Eubacterium ramulus (e.g., ATCC 29099, DSM 15684, JCM), and Methanobrevibacter smithii (e.g., ATCC 35061, DSM 861, JCM) The species may be selected from 328) and any combination thereof; preferably, the species may be selected from Anaerobutyricum / Eubacterium hallii, Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Blautia producta, Eubacterium limosum and Eubacterium ramulus.

[0168] In certain embodiments, the consortium according to the present invention includes or comprises: i) Agatobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii and iii): - Anaerobutyricum, Bacteroides, Blautia, Collinsella, Coprococcus, Dorea, Erysipelatoclostridium, Escherichia, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira, Longicatena, Ruminococcus, and Sellimonas From (nas); preferably from the genera Blautia, Coprococcus, Dorea, Erysipelatoclostridium, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira and Ruminococcus; more preferably from the genera Dorea, Faecalibacterium and Ruminococcus, and even more preferably from the genera Ruminococcus; one or more strains selected from these genera. - Acidaminococcus, Acutalibacter, Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Clostridium, Clostridium E, Clostridium Q, Collinsella, Copromonas, Desulfovibrio, Drea Dorea), Enterocloster, Escherichia, Eubacterium, Hungatella, Hungatella A, Oliverbapstia, Peptoniphilus, Peptostreptococcus, Phocaeicola, Rhiziobiac From the genera eae, Ruminococcus, Sellimonas, and Veillonella; preferably Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Clostridium Q, Clostridium E, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Eubacterium, and Oliverpabustia. One or more strains selected from the genera (Oliverpabstia) and Rhiziobiaceae; more preferably from the genera Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Eubacterium and Rhiziobiaceae, and even more preferably from the genus Bifidobacterium; Selectively, Acidaminococcus, Agatobacter, Anaerobutyricum, Anaerostipes, Anaerotignum, Bariatricus, Clostridium, Clostridium E, Clostridium Q, Coprococcus (C From the genera Coprococcus, Coprococcus A, Copromonas, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, Flavonifractor, Longicatena, Peptoniphilus and Roseburia; preferably Acidaminococcus, Anae From the genera Anaerobutyricum, Anaerostipes, Coprococcus, Coprococcus A, Copromonas, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, Flavonifractor, Longicatena, and Roseburia; more preferred Or one or more strains selected from the genera Acidaminococcus, Anaerobutyricum, Anaerostipes, Copromonas, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, Flavonifractor, Longicatena, and Roseburia. - From the genera Agatobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Bifidobacterium, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Longicatena, Merdisoma, Peptostreptococcus, Roseburia, Streptococcus and Sutterella; preferably from the genera Agatobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Collinsella, Enterococcus One or more strains selected from the genera Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Peptostreptococcus, Streptococcus and Sutterella; more preferably from the genera Agathobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Streptococcus and Sutterella, and even more preferably from the genus Lactobacillus; -Optionally, one or more strains selected from the genera Anaerotignum, Bacteroides, Phocaeicola, and Veillonella; preferably strains selected from the genera Bacteroides or Phocaeicola; Novel genera of Actalibacter (particularly those having a DNA genomic sequence such as that represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 or a variant that is at least 90%, 95%, or 99% identical thereto, and / or a 16RNA sequence such as that represented by SEQ ID NO: 9 or a variant that is at least 95%, preferably at least 97%, more preferably 99%, 99.5%, 99.7%, or 99.9% sequence identical thereto), Bacteroides, Oliverbapstia, Parabacteroides, Phocaeicola, and Prevotella. From the genus *Phella*; preferably from the genera *Acutalibacter* nov, *Bacteroides*, *Parabacteroides*, *Phocaeicola* and *Prevotella*; more preferably from the genera *Acutalibacter* nov, *Bacteroides*, *Phocaeicola* and *Prevotella*, and even more preferably one or more strains selected from the genera *Bacteroide* and *Prevotella*; - From the genera Intestinibacter, Terrisporobacter, Paraclostridium, Blautia, and Eubacterium; preferably one or more strains selected from the genera Blautia or Intestinibacter; - Optionally selected from the genera Agatobacter, Anaerobutyricum, Anaerostipes, Anaerotignum, Desulfovibrio, Dysosmobacter, Faecalibacterium, Longicatena, and Roseburia; preferably one or more strains selected from the genera Agatobacter, Anaerobutyricum, Anaerostipes, Desulfovibrio, Faecalibacterium, and Roseburia; - Selectively from the genera Anaerobutyricum, Anaerostipes, and Eubacterium; preferably one or more strains selected from the genera Anaerobutyricum and Anaerostipes; - Optionally selected from the genera Anaerotignum, Clostridium, Coprococcus A, Frisingococcus and Veillonella; preferably one or more strains selected from the genera Anaerotignum, Coprococcus A, Frisingococcus and Veillonella; and / or - From the genera Dialister, Flavonifractor, Phascolarctobacterium, Phascolarctobacterium A and Veillonella; preferably Dialister, Flavonifractor, Phascolarctobacterium, Phascolarctobacterium One or more strains selected from the genera Phascolarctobacterium_A and Veillonella, preferably Dialister, Flavonifractor and Phascolarctobacterium and Phascolarctobacterium_A, and more preferably from the genus Phascolarctobacterium.

[0169] In certain embodiments, the consortium according to the present invention includes or comprises: i) Agatobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii and iii): - Anaerobutyricum, Bacteroides, Blautia, Collinsella, Coprococcus, Dorea, Erysipelatoclostridium, Escherichia, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira, Longicatena, Ruminococcus, and Sellimonas as) from the genera; preferably from the genera Blautia, Coprococcus, Dorea, Erysipelatoclostridium, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira and Ruminococcus; more preferably from the genera Dorea, Faecalibacterium and Ruminococcus, and even more preferably from the genera Ruminococcus, one or more strains selected from those genera; - Acidaminococcus, Acutalibacter, Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Clostridium, Clostridium E, Clostridium Q, Collinsella, Copromonas, Desulfovibrio, Drea orea), Enterocloster, Escherichia, Eubacterium, Hungatella, Hungatella A, Oliverbapstia, Peptoniphilus, Peptostreptococcus, Phocaeicola, Rhiziobiaceae From the genera ae), Ruminococcus, Sellimonas and Veillonella; preferably Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Clostridium Q, Clostridium E, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Eubacterium, Oliverpabustia One or more strains selected from the genera Oliverpabstia and Rhiziobiaceae; more preferably from the genera Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Eubacterium and Rhiziobiaceae, and even more preferably from the genus Bifidobacterium; Selectively include Acidaminococcus, Agatobacter, Anaerobutyricum, Anaerostipes, Anaerotignum, Bariatricus, Clostridium, Clostridium E, Clostridium Q, and Coprococcus. From the genera Coprococcus, Coprococcus A, Copromonas, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, Flavonifractor, Longicatena, Peptoniphilus, and Roseburia; preferably Acidaminococcus, Anaero From the genera Anaerobutyricum, Anaerostipes, Coprococcus, Coprococcus A, Copromonas, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, Flavonifractor, Longicatena, and Roseburia; more preferably Alternatively, one or more strains selected from the genera Acidaminococcus, Anaerobutyricum, Anaerostipes, Copromonas, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, Flavonifractor, Longicatena, and Roseburia. - From the genera Agatobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Bifidobacterium, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Longicatena, Merdisoma, Peptostreptococcus, Roseburia, Streptococcus and Sutterella; preferably from the genera Agatobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Collinsella, Enterococcus One or more strains selected from the genera Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Peptostreptococcus, Streptococcus and Sutterella; more preferably one or more strains selected from the genera Agathobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Streptococcus and Sutterella, and even more preferably one or more strains selected from the genus Lactobacillus; - One or more strains selected selectively from the genera Anaerotignum, Bacteroides, Phocaeicola, and Veillonella; preferably strains from the genus Bacteroides or Phocaeicola; Novel genera of Acutalibacter (particularly those having a DNA genomic sequence such as that represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 or a variant that is at least 90%, 95%, or 99% identical thereto, and / or a 16RNA sequence such as that represented by SEQ ID NO: 9 or a variant that is at least 95%, preferably at least 97%, more preferably 99%, 99.5%, 99.7%, or 99.9% identical thereto), Bacteroides, Oliverbapstia, Parabacteroides, Phocaeicola, and Prevotel From the genus Acutalibacter; preferably from the genera Acutalibacter nov, Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Phocaeicola and Prevotella; more preferably from the genera Acutalibacter nov, Bacteroides, Phocaeicola and Prevotella, and even more preferably one or more strains selected from the genera Bacteroides and Prevotella; - From the genera Intestinibacter, Terrisporobacter, Paraclostridium, and Eubacterium; preferably one or more strains selected from the genus Intestinibacter; - Optionally selected from the genera Agatobacter, Anaerobutyricum, Anaerostipes, Anaerotignum, Desulfovibrio, Dysosmobacter, Faecalibacterium, Longicatena, and Roseburia; preferably one or more strains selected from the genera Agatobacter, Anaerobutyricum, Anaerostipes, Desulfovibrio, Faecalibacterium, and Roseburia; - Selectively from the genera Anaerobutyricum, Anaerostipes, and Eubacterium; preferably one or more strains selected from the genera Anaerobutyricum and Anaerostipes; - Optionally selected from the genera Anaerotignum, Clostridium, Coprococcus A, Frisingococcus and Veillonella; preferably one or more strains selected from the genera Anaerotignum, Coprococcus A, Frisingococcus and Veillonella; and / or - From the genera Dialister, Flavonifractor, Phascolarctobacterium, Phascolarctobacterium A and Veillonella; preferably Dialister, Flavonifractor, Phascolarctobacterium, Phascolarctobacterium One or more strains selected from the genera Phascolarctobacterium_A and Veillonella, preferably Dialister, Flavonifractor and Phascolarctobacterium and Phascolarctobacterium_A, and more preferably from the genus Phascolarctobacterium.

[0170] In certain embodiments, the consortium according to the present invention includes or comprises: i) Agatobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii and iii): - Anaerobutyricum, Bacteroides, Blautia, Collinsella, Coprococcus, Dorea, Erysipelatoclostridium, Escherichia, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira, Longicatena, Ruminococcus, and Sellimonas as) from the genera; preferably from the genera Blautia, Coprococcus, Dorea, Erysipelatoclostridium, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira and Ruminococcus; more preferably from the genera Dorea, Faecalibacterium and Ruminococcus, and even more preferably from the genera Ruminococcus, one or more strains selected from those genera; - Acidaminococcus, Acutalibacter, Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Clostridium, Clostridium E, Clostridium Q, Collinsella, Copromonas, Desulfovibrio, Drea orea), Enterocloster, Escherichia, Eubacterium, Hungatella, Hungatella A, Oliverbapstia, Peptoniphilus, Peptostreptococcus, Phocaeicola, Rhiziobiaceae From the genera ae), Ruminococcus, Sellimonas and Veillonella; preferably Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Clostridium Q, Clostridium E, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Eubacterium, Oliverpabustia One or more strains selected from the genera Oliverpabstia and Rhiziobiaceae; more preferably from the genera Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Eubacterium and Rhiziobiaceae, and even more preferably from the genus Bifidobacterium; Selectively, Acidaminococcus, Agatobacter, Anaerobutyricum, Anaerostipes, Anaerotignum, Bariatricus, Clostridium, Clostridium E, Clostridium Q, Coprococcus (C From the genera Coprococcus, Coprococcus A, Copromonas, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, Flavonifractor, Longicatena, Peptoniphilus and Roseburia; preferably Acidaminococcus, Anae From the genera Anaerobutyricum, Anaerostipes, Coprococcus, Coprococcus A, Copromonas, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, Flavonifractor, Longicatena, and Roseburia; more preferred Or one or more strains selected from the genera Acidaminococcus, Anaerobutyricum, Anaerostipes, Copromonas, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, Flavonifractor, Longicatena, and Roseburia. - From the genera Agatobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Bifidobacterium, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Longicatena, Merdisoma, Peptostreptococcus, Roseburia, Streptococcus and Sutterella; preferably from the genera Agatobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Collinsella, Enterococcus One or more strains selected from the genera Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Peptostreptococcus, Streptococcus and Sutterella; more preferably one or more strains selected from the genera Agathobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Streptococcus and Sutterella, and even more preferably one or more strains selected from the genus Lactobacillus; - One or more strains selected selectively from the genera Anaerotignum, Bacteroides, Phocaeicola, and Veillonella; preferably strains from the genus Bacteroides or Phocaeicola; Novel genera of Acutalibacter (particularly those having a DNA genomic sequence such as that represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 or a variant that is at least 90%, 95%, or 99% identical thereto, and / or a 16RNA sequence such as that represented by SEQ ID NO: 9 or a variant that is at least 95%, preferably at least 97%, more preferably 99%, 99.5%, 99.7%, or 99.9% identical thereto), Bacteroides, Oliverbapstia, Parabacteroides, Phocaeicola, and Prevotel From the genus Acutalibacter; preferably from the genera Acutalibacter nov, Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Phocaeicola and Prevotella; more preferably from the genera Acutalibacter nov, Bacteroides, Phocaeicola and Prevotella, and even more preferably one or more strains selected from the genera Bacteroides and Prevotella; - From the genera Blautia and Eubacterium; preferably one or more strains selected from the genus Blautia; - Optionally selected from the genera Agatobacter, Anaerobutyricum, Anaerostipes, Anaerotignum, Desulfovibrio, Dysosmobacter, Faecalibacterium, Longicatena, and Roseburia; preferably one or more strains selected from the genera Agatobacter, Anaerobutyricum, Anaerostipes, Desulfovibrio, Faecalibacterium, and Roseburia; - Selectively from the genera Anaerobutyricum, Anaerostipes, and Eubacterium; preferably one or more strains selected from the genera Anaerobutyricum and Anaerostipes; - Optionally selected from the genera Anaerotignum, Clostridium, Coprococcus A, Frisingococcus and Veillonella; preferably one or more strains selected from the genera Anaerotignum, Coprococcus A, Frisingococcus and Veillonella; and / or - From the genera Dialister, Flavonifractor, Phascolarctobacterium, Phascolarctobacterium A and Veillonella; preferably Dialister, Flavonifractor, Phascolarctobacterium, Phascolarctobacterium One or more strains selected from the genera Phascolarctobacterium_A and Veillonella, preferably Dialister, Flavonifractor and Phascolarctobacterium and Phascolarctobacterium_A, and more preferably from the genus Phascolarctobacterium.

[0171] In certain embodiments, the consortium according to the present invention includes or comprises: i) Agatobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii and iii): - Anaerobutyricum, Bacteroides, Blautia, Collinsella, Coprococcus, Dorea, Erysipelatoclostridium, Escherichia, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira, Longicatena, Ruminococcus, and Sellimonas as) from the genera; preferably from the genera Blautia, Coprococcus, Dorea, Erysipelatoclostridium, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira and Ruminococcus; more preferably from the genera Dorea, Faecalibacterium and Ruminococcus, and even more preferably from the genera Ruminococcus, one or more strains selected from those genera; - Acidaminococcus, Acutalibacter, Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Clostridium, Clostridium E, Clostridium Q, Collinsella, Copromonas, Desulfovibrio, Drea orea), Enterocloster, Escherichia, Eubacterium, Hungatella, Hungatella A, Oliverbapstia, Peptoniphilus, Peptostreptococcus, Phocaeicola, Rhiziobiacea e) From the genera Ruminococcus, Sellimonas and Veillonella; preferably Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Clostridium Q, Clostridium E, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Eubacterium, Oliverpabustia (O One or more strains selected from the genera liverpabstia and Rhiziobiaceae; more preferably from the genera Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Eubacterium and Rhiziobiaceae, and even more preferably from the genus Bifidobacterium; - From the genera Agatobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Bifidobacterium, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Longicatena, Merdisoma, Peptostreptococcus, Roseburia, Streptococcus and Sutterella; preferably from the genera Agatobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Collinsella, Enterococcus One or more strains selected from the genera Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Peptostreptococcus, Streptococcus and Sutterella; more preferably one or more strains selected from the genera Agathobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Streptococcus and Sutterella, and even more preferably one or more strains selected from the genus Lactobacillus; - One or more strains selected from the genera Intestinibacter, Terrisporobacter, Paraclostridium bifermentans, Blautia, and Eubacterium; preferably one or more strains selected from the genera Blautia or Instinibacter.

[0172] In certain embodiments, the consortium according to the present invention includes or comprises: i) Agatobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii and iii): - Anaerobutyricum, Bacteroides, Blautia, Collinsella, Coprococcus, Dorea, Erysipelatoclostridium, Escherichia, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira, Longicatena, Ruminococcus and Celmonas From the genus Limonas; preferably from the genera Brautia, Coprococcus, Dorea, Erysipelatoclostridium, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira and Ruminococcus; more preferably from the genera Dorea, Faecalibacterium and Ruminococcus, and even more preferably from the genera Ruminococcus; one or more strains selected from these genera. - Acidaminococcus, Acutalibacter, Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Clostridium, Clostridium E, Clostridium Q, Collinsella, Copromonas, Desulfovibrio, Drea orea), Enterocloster, Escherichia, Eubacterium, Hungatella, Hungatella A, Oliverbapstia, Peptoniphilus, Peptostreptococcus, Phocaeicola, Rhiziobiacea e) From the genera Ruminococcus, Sellimonas and Veillonella; preferably Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Clostridium Q, Clostridium E, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Eubacterium, Oliverpabustia (O One or more strains selected from the genera liverpabstia and Rhiziobiaceae; more preferably from the genera Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Eubacterium and Rhiziobiaceae, and even more preferably from the genus Bifidobacterium; - From the genera Agatobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Bifidobacterium, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Longicatena, Merdisoma, Peptostreptococcus, Roseburia, Streptococcus and Sutterella; preferably from the genera Agatobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Collinsella, Enterococcus One or more strains selected from the genera Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Peptostreptococcus, Streptococcus and Sutterella; more preferably one or more strains selected from the genera Agathobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Streptococcus and Sutterella, and even more preferably one or more strains selected from the genus Lactobacillus; - One or more strains selected from the genera Intestinibacter, Terrisporobacter, Blautia, and Eubacterium; preferably one or more strains selected from the genera Blautia or Terrisporobacter.

[0173] In certain embodiments, the consortium according to the present invention includes or comprises: i) Agatobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii and iii): - Anaerobutyricum, Bacteroides, Blautia, Collinsella, Coprococcus, Dorea, Erysipelatoclostridium, Escherichia, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira, Longicatena, Ruminococcus, and Sellimonas as) from the genera; preferably from the genera Blautia, Coprococcus, Dorea, Erysipelatoclostridium, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira and Ruminococcus; more preferably from the genera Dorea, Faecalibacterium and Ruminococcus, and even more preferably from the genera Ruminococcus, one or more strains selected from those genera; - Acidaminococcus, Acutalibacter, Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Clostridium, Clostridium E, Clostridium Q, Collinsella, Copromonas, Desulfovibrio, Drea orea), Enterocloster, Escherichia, Eubacterium, Hungatella, Hungatella A, Oliverbapstia, Peptoniphilus, Peptostreptococcus, Phocaeicola, Rhiziobiacea e) From the genera Ruminococcus, Sellimonas and Veillonella; preferably Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Clostridium Q, Clostridium E, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Eubacterium, Oliverpabustia (O One or more strains selected from the genera liverpabstia and Rhiziobiaceae; more preferably from the genera Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Eubacterium and Rhiziobiaceae, and even more preferably from the genus Bifidobacterium; - From the genera Agatobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Bifidobacterium, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Longicatena, Merdisoma, Peptostreptococcus, Roseburia, Streptococcus and Sutterella; preferably from the genera Agatobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Collinsella, Enterococcus One or more strains selected from the genera Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Peptostreptococcus, Streptococcus and Sutterella; more preferably one or more strains selected from the genera Agathobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Streptococcus and Sutterella, and even more preferably one or more strains selected from the genus Lactobacillus; - One or more strains selected from the genera Intestinibacter, Terrisporobacter, Paraclostridium bifermentans, and Eubacterium; preferably one or more strains selected from the genus Intestinibacter.

[0174] In certain embodiments, the consortium according to the present invention includes or comprises: i) Agatobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii and iii): - Anaerobutyricum, Bacteroides, Blautia, Collinsella, Coprococcus, Dorea, Erysipelatoclostridium, Escherichia, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira, Longicatena, Ruminococcus, and Sellimonas as) from the genera; preferably from the genera Blautia, Coprococcus, Dorea, Erysipelatoclostridium, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira and Ruminococcus; more preferably from the genera Dorea, Faecalibacterium and Ruminococcus, and even more preferably from the genera Ruminococcus, one or more strains selected from those genera; - Acidaminococcus, Acutalibacter, Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Clostridium, Clostridium E, Clostridium Q, Collinsella, Copromonas, Desulfovibrio, Drea orea), Enterocloster, Escherichia, Eubacterium, Hungatella, Hungatella A, Oliverbapstia, Peptoniphilus, Peptostreptococcus, Phocaeicola, Rhiziobiacea e) From the genera Ruminococcus, Sellimonas and Veillonella; preferably Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Clostridium Q, Clostridium E, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Eubacterium, Oliverpabustia (O One or more strains selected from the genera liverpabstia and Rhiziobiaceae; more preferably from the genera Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Eubacterium and Rhiziobiaceae, and even more preferably from the genus Bifidobacterium; - From the genera Agatobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Bifidobacterium, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Longicatena, Merdisoma, Peptostreptococcus, Roseburia, Streptococcus and Sutterella; preferably from the genera Agatobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Collinsella, Enterococcus One or more strains selected from the genera Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Peptostreptococcus, Streptococcus and Sutterella; more preferably one or more strains selected from the genera Agathobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Streptococcus and Sutterella, and even more preferably one or more strains selected from the genus Lactobacillus; - One or more strains selected from the genera Intestinibacter, Terrisporobacter, and Eubacterium; preferably one or more strains selected from the genus Terrisporobacter.

[0175] In certain embodiments, the consortium according to the present invention includes or comprises: i) Agatobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii and iii): - Anaerobutyricum, Bacteroides, Blautia, Collinsella, Coprococcus, Dorea, Erysipelatoclostridium, Escherichia, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira, Longicatena, Ruminococcus, and Sellimonas as) from the genera; preferably from the genera Blautia, Coprococcus, Dorea, Erysipelatoclostridium, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira and Ruminococcus; more preferably from the genera Dorea, Faecalibacterium and Ruminococcus, and even more preferably from the genera Ruminococcus, one or more strains selected from those genera; - Acidaminococcus, Acutalibacter, Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Clostridium, Clostridium E, Clostridium Q, Collinsella, Copromonas, Desulfovibrio, Drea orea), Enterocloster, Escherichia, Eubacterium, Hungatella, Hungatella A, Oliverbapstia, Peptoniphilus, Peptostreptococcus, Phocaeicola, Rhiziobiacea e) From the genera Ruminococcus, Sellimonas and Veillonella; preferably Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Clostridium Q, Clostridium E, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Eubacterium, Oliverpabustia (O One or more strains selected from the genera liverpabstia and Rhiziobiaceae; more preferably from the genera Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Eubacterium and Rhiziobiaceae, and even more preferably from the genus Bifidobacterium; - From the genera Agatobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Bifidobacterium, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Longicatena, Merdisoma, Peptostreptococcus, Roseburia, Streptococcus and Sutterella; preferably from the genera Agatobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Collinsella, Enterococcus One or more strains selected from the genera Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Peptostreptococcus, Streptococcus and Sutterella; more preferably one or more strains selected from the genera Agathobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Streptococcus and Sutterella, and even more preferably one or more strains selected from the genus Lactobacillus; - One or more strains selected from the genera Blautia and Eubacterium; preferably from the genus Blautia.

[0176] In certain embodiments, the consortium according to the present invention includes or comprises: i) Agatobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii and iii): - Anaerobutyricum, Bacteroides, Blautia, Collinsella, Coprococcus, Dorea, Erysipelatoclostridium, Escherichia, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira, Longicatena, Ruminococcus, and Sellimonas as) from the genera; preferably from the genera Blautia, Coprococcus, Dorea, Erysipelatoclostridium, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira and Ruminococcus; more preferably from the genera Dorea, Faecalibacterium and Ruminococcus, and even more preferably from the genera Ruminococcus, one or more strains selected from those genera; - Acidaminococcus, Acutalibacter, Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Clostridium, Clostridium E, Clostridium Q, Collinsella, Copromonas, Desulfovibrio, Drea orea), Enterocloster, Escherichia, Eubacterium, Hungatella, Hungatella A, Oliverbapstia, Peptoniphilus, Peptostreptococcus, Phocaeicola, Rhiziobiacea e) From the genera Ruminococcus, Sellimonas and Veillonella; preferably Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Clostridium Q, Clostridium E, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Eubacterium, Oliverpabustia (O One or more strains selected from the genera liverpabstia and Rhiziobiaceae; more preferably from the genera Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Eubacterium and Rhiziobiaceae, and even more preferably from the genus Bifidobacterium; - From the genera Agatobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Bifidobacterium, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Longicatena, Merdisoma, Peptostreptococcus, Roseburia, Streptococcus and Sutterella; preferably from the genera Agatobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Collinsella, Enterococcus One or more strains selected from the genera Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Peptostreptococcus, Streptococcus and Sutterella; more preferably one or more strains selected from the genera Agathobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Streptococcus and Sutterella, and even more preferably one or more strains selected from the genus Lactobacillus; - One or more strains selected from the genera Blautia and Terrisporobacter; preferably from the genus Blautia.

[0177] In some embodiments, such a consortium further includes the following: iv): - One or more strains capable of converting acetate to butyrate, selected from the genera Agatobacter, Anaerobutyricum, Anaerostipes, Anaerotignum, Desulfovibrio, Dysosmobacter, Faecalibacterium, Longicatena, and Roseburia; preferably one or more strains selected from the genera Agatobacter, Anaerobutyricum, Anaerostipes, Desulfovibrio, Faecalibacterium, and Roseburia; - One or more strains from the genera Anaerobutyricum, Anaerostipes and Eubacterium, preferably selected from the genera Anaerobutyricum and Anaerostipes, capable of converting lactate to butyrate; and / or - Acidaminococcus, Agatobacter, Anaerobutyricum, Anaerostipes, Anaerotignum, Bariatricus, Clostridium, Clostridium E, Clostridium Q, Coprococcus s), from the genera Coprococcus A, Copromonas, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, Flavonifractor, Longicatena, Peptoniphilus and Roseburia; preferably Acidaminococcus, Anaerbutyricum From the genera *obutyricum*, *Anaerostipes*, *Coprococcus*, *Coprococcus A*, *Copromonas*, *Eubacterium*, *Faecalibacterium*, *Flavonifractor*, *Longicatena*, and *Roseburia*; more preferably from the genera *Asidaminococcus* One or more strains capable of converting primary substrates selected from the genera Acidaminococcus, Anaerobutyricum, Anaerostipes, Copromonas, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, Flavonifractor, Longicatena, and Roseburia to butyrate.

[0178] In particular, such consortia do not include strains of the genus Clostridium.

[0179] Preferably, such a consortium is - Anaerotignum nov sp., Clostridium E sporosphaeroides, Coprococcus A catus, Frisingococcus sp., Veillonella atypica, Veillonella parvula subsp. parvula, and Veillonella ratti Selected from the species of ratti; preferably not including one or more strains selected from the genera Anaerotignum, Clostridium E, Coprococcus A, Frisingococcus and Veillonella; more preferably this consortium does not include one or more strains selected from strains capable of converting lactat to propionate; and / or - From the species Anaerotignum lactatifermentans (e.g., DSM 14214), Anaerotignum sp000436415, Bacteroides fragilis (e.g., ATCC 25285, DSM 2151, JCM 11019), Phocaeicola vulgatus (e.g., ATCC 8482, DSM 1447, JCM 5826) and Veillonella ratti (e.g., ATCC 17746, DSM 20736, JCM 6512); preferably from the species Bacteroides fragilis (e.g., ATCC 25285, DSM Selected from 2151, JCM 11019) and Phocaeicola vulgatus (e.g., ATCC 8482, DSM 1447, JCM 5826); preferably not including one or more strains selected from the genera Anaerotignum, Bacteroides, Phocaeicola and Veillonella; more preferably, the consortium does not include strains capable of converting primary substrates to propionates.

[0180] In some embodiments, the consortium according to the present invention includes or comprises: i) Agatobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii and iii): - Anaerobutyricum, Bacteroides, Blautia, Collinsella, Coprococcus, Dorea, Erysipelatoclostridium, Escherichia, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira, Longicatena, Ruminococcus, and Sellimonas as) from the genera; preferably from the genera Blautia, Coprococcus, Dorea, Erysipelatoclostridium, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira and Ruminococcus; more preferably from the genera Dorea, Faecalibacterium and Ruminococcus, and even more preferably from the genera Ruminococcus, one or more strains selected from those genera; - Acidaminococcus, Acutalibacter, Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Clostridium, Clostridium E, Clostridium Q, Collinsella, Copromonas, Desulfovibrio, Drea orea), Enterocloster, Escherichia, Eubacterium, Hungatella, Hungatella A, Oliverbapstia, Peptoniphilus, Peptostreptococcus, Phocaeicola, Rhiziobiacea e) From the genera Ruminococcus, Sellimonas and Veillonella; preferably Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Clostridium Q, Clostridium E, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Eubacterium, Oliverpabustia (O One or more strains selected from the genera liverpabstia and Rhiziobiaceae; more preferably from the genera Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Eubacterium and Rhiziobiaceae, and even more preferably from the genus Bifidobacterium; - From the genera Agatobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Bifidobacterium, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Longicatena, Merdisoma, Peptostreptococcus, Roseburia, Streptococcus and Sutterella; preferably from the genera Agatobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Collinsella, Enterococcus One or more strains selected from the genera Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Peptostreptococcus, Streptococcus and Sutterella; more preferably one or more strains selected from the genera Agathobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Streptococcus and Sutterella, and even more preferably one or more strains selected from the genus Lactobacillus; - One or more strains optionally selected from the genera Anaerotignum, Bacteroides, Phocaeicola, and Veillonella; preferably the strain is from the genus Bacteroides or Phocaeicola; - Novel genera of Actalibacter (particularly those having a DNA genomic sequence such as that represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 or a variant that is at least 90%, 95%, or 99% identical thereto, and / or a 16RNA sequence such as that represented by SEQ ID NO: 9 or a variant that is at least 95%, preferably at least 97%, more preferably 99%, 99.5%, 99.7%, or 99.9% identical thereto), Bacteroides, Oliverbapstia, Parabacteroides, Phocaeicola, and Prevotel From the genus Acutalibacter; preferably from the genera Acutalibacter nov, Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Phocaeicola and Prevotella; more preferably from the genera Acutalibacter nov, Bacteroides, Phocaeicola and Prevotella, and even more preferably one or more strains selected from the genera Bacteroides and Prevotella; - One or more strains selected from the genera Intestinibacter, Terrisporobacter, Paraclostridium bifermentans, Blautia, and Eubacterium; preferably one or more strains selected from the genera Blautia or Intestinibacter; and - One or more strains selected from the genera Dialister, Flavonifractor, Phascolarctobacterium and Veillonella; preferably from the genera Dialister, Flavonifractor, Phascolarctobacterium, Phascolarctobacterium_A and Veillonella, preferably from Dialister, Flavonifractor, Phascolarctobacterium and Phascolarctobacterium_A, more preferably from the genus Phascolarctobacterium.

[0181] In some embodiments, the consortium according to the present invention includes or comprises: i) Agatobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii and iii): - Anaerobutyricum, Bacteroides, Blautia, Collinsella, Coprococcus, Dorea, Erysipelatoclostridium, Escherichia, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira, Longicatena, Ruminococcus, and Sellimonas From the genus nas; preferably from the genera Blautia, Coprococcus, Dorea, Erysipelatoclostridium, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira and Ruminococcus; more preferably from the genera Dorea, Faecalibacterium and Ruminococcus, and even more preferably from the genera Ruminococcus; one or more strains selected from these genera. - Acidaminococcus, Acutalibacter, Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Clostridium, Clostridium E, Clostridium Q, Collinsella, Copromonas, Desulfovibrio, Drea orea), Enterocloster, Escherichia, Eubacterium, Hungatella, Hungatella A, Oliverbapstia, Peptoniphilus, Peptostreptococcus, Phocaeicola, Rhiziobiacea e) From the genera Ruminococcus, Sellimonas and Veillonella; preferably Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Clostridium Q, Clostridium E, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Eubacterium, Oliverpabustia (O One or more strains selected from the genera liverpabstia and Rhiziobiaceae; more preferably from the genera Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Eubacterium and Rhiziobiaceae, and even more preferably from the genus Bifidobacterium; - From the genera Agatobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Bifidobacterium, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Longicatena, Merdisoma, Peptostreptococcus, Roseburia, Streptococcus and Sutterella; preferably from the genera Agatobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Collinsella, Enterococcus One or more strains selected from the genera Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Peptostreptococcus, Streptococcus and Sutterella; more preferably one or more strains selected from the genera Agathobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Streptococcus and Sutterella, and even more preferably one or more strains selected from the genus Lactobacillus; - One or more strains selected selectively from the genera Anaerotignum, Bacteroides, Phocaeicola, and Veillonella; preferably strains from the genus Bacteroides or Phocaeicola; - Novel genera of Actalibacter (particularly those having a DNA genomic sequence such as that represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 or a variant that is at least 90%, 95%, or 99% identical thereto, and / or a 16RNA sequence such as that represented by SEQ ID NO: 9 or a variant that is at least 95%, preferably at least 97%, more preferably 99%, 99.5%, 99.7%, or 99.9% identical thereto), Bacteroides, Oliverbapstia, Parabacteroides, Phocaeicola, and Prevotel From the genus Acutalibacter; preferably from the genera Acutalibacter nov, Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Phocaeicola and Prevotella; more preferably from the genera Acutalibacter nov, Bacteroides, Phocaeicola and Prevotella, and even more preferably one or more strains selected from the genera Bacteroides and Prevotella; - One or more strains selected from the genera Intestinibacter, Terrisporobacter, Blautia, and Eubacterium; preferably one or more strains selected from the genera Blautia or Terrisporobacter; and - One or more strains selected from the genera Dialister, Flavonifractor, Phascolarctobacterium, and Veillonella; preferably from the genera Dialister, Flavonifractor, Phascolarctobacterium, Phascolarctobacterium_A, and Veillonella, preferably from the genera Dialister, Flavonifractor, Phascolarctobacterium, and Phascolarctobacterium_A, more preferably from the genus Phascolarctobacterium.

[0182] In some embodiments, the consortium according to the present invention includes or comprises: i) Agatobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii and iii): - Anaerobutyricum, Bacteroides, Blautia, Collinsella, Coprococcus, Dorea, Erysipelatoclostridium, Escherichia, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira, Longicatena, Ruminococcus, and Sellimonas as) from the genera; preferably from the genera Blautia, Coprococcus, Dorea, Erysipelatoclostridium, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira and Ruminococcus; more preferably from the genera Dorea, Faecalibacterium and Ruminococcus, and even more preferably from the genera Ruminococcus, one or more strains selected from those genera; - Acidaminococcus, Acutalibacter, Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Clostridium, Clostridium E, Clostridium Q, Collinsella, Copromonas, Desulfovibrio, Drea orea), Enterocloster, Escherichia, Eubacterium, Hungatella, Hungatella A, Oliverbapstia, Peptoniphilus, Peptostreptococcus, Phocaeicola, Rhiziobiacea e) From the genera Ruminococcus, Sellimonas and Veillonella; preferably Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Clostridium Q, Clostridium E, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Eubacterium, Oliverpabustia (O One or more strains selected from the genera liverpabstia and Rhiziobiaceae; more preferably from the genera Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Eubacterium and Rhiziobiaceae, and even more preferably from the genus Bifidobacterium; - From the genera Agatobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Bifidobacterium, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Longicatena, Merdisoma, Peptostreptococcus, Roseburia, Streptococcus and Sutterella; preferably from the genera Agatobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Collinsella, Enterococcus One or more strains selected from the genera Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Peptostreptococcus, Streptococcus and Sutterella; more preferably one or more strains selected from the genera Agathobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Streptococcus and Sutterella, and even more preferably one or more strains selected from the genus Lactobacillus; - One or more strains selected selectively from the genera Anaerotignum, Bacteroides, Phocaeicola, and Veillonella; preferably strains from the genus Bacteroides or Phocaeicola; - Novel genera of Actalibacter (particularly those having a DNA genomic sequence such as that represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 or a variant that is at least 90%, 95%, or 99% identical thereto, and / or a 16RNA sequence such as that represented by SEQ ID NO: 9 or a variant that is at least 95%, preferably at least 97%, more preferably 99%, 99.5%, 99.7%, or 99.9% identical thereto), Bacteroides, Oliverbapstia, Parabacteroides, Phocaeicola, and Prevotel From the genus Acutalibacter; preferably from the genera Acutalibacter nov, Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Phocaeicola and Prevotella; more preferably from the genera Acutalibacter nov, Bacteroides, Phocaeicola and Prevotella, and even more preferably one or more strains selected from the genera Bacteroides and Prevotella; - One or more strains selected from the genera Intestinibacter, Terrisporobacter, Paraclostridium bifermentans, and Eubacterium; preferably one or more strains selected from the genus Intestinibacter; and - One or more strains selected from the genera Dialister, Flavonifractor, Phascolarctobacterium, and Veillonella; preferably from the genera Dialister, Flavonifractor, Phascolarctobacterium, Phascolarctobacterium_A, and Veillonella, preferably from the genera Dialister, Flavonifractor, Phascolarctobacterium, and Phascolarctobacterium_A, more preferably from the genus Phascolarctobacterium.

[0183] In some embodiments, the consortium according to the present invention includes or comprises: i) Agatobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii and iii): - Anaerobutyricum, Bacteroides, Blautia, Collinsella, Coprococcus, Dorea, Erysipelatoclostridium, Escherichia, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira, Longicatena, Ruminococcus, and Sellimonas as) from the genera; preferably from the genera Blautia, Coprococcus, Dorea, Erysipelatoclostridium, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira and Ruminococcus; more preferably from the genera Dorea, Faecalibacterium and Ruminococcus, and even more preferably from the genera Ruminococcus, one or more strains selected from those genera; - Acidaminococcus, Acutalibacter, Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Clostridium, Clostridium E, Clostridium Q, Collinsella, Copromonas, Desulfovibrio, Drea orea), Enterocloster, Escherichia, Eubacterium, Hungatella, Hungatella A, Oliverbapstia, Peptoniphilus, Peptostreptococcus, Phocaeicola, Rhiziobiacea e) From the genera Ruminococcus, Sellimonas and Veillonella; preferably Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Clostridium Q, Clostridium E, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Eubacterium, Oliverpabustia (O One or more strains selected from the genera liverpabstia and Rhiziobiaceae; more preferably from the genera Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Eubacterium and Rhiziobiaceae, and even more preferably from the genus Bifidobacterium; - From the genera Agatobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Bifidobacterium, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Longicatena, Merdisoma, Peptostreptococcus, Roseburia, Streptococcus and Sutterella; preferably from the genera Agatobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Collinsella, Enterococcus One or more strains selected from the genera Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Peptostreptococcus, Streptococcus and Sutterella; more preferably from the genera Agatobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Streptococcus and Sutterella, and even more preferably from the genus Lactobacillus. - One or more strains selected selectively from the genera Anaerotignum, Bacteroides, Phocaeicola, and Veillonella; preferably strains from the genus Bacteroides or Phocaeicola; - Novel genera of Actalibacter (particularly those having a DNA genome sequence such as SEQ ID NO: 1 or a variant that is at least 90%, 95%, or 99% identical thereto, and / or having a 16RNA sequence such as SEQ ID NO: 9 or a variant that is at least 95%, preferably at least 97%, more preferably 99%, 99.5%, 99.7%, or 99.9% sequence identical thereto), Bacteroides, Oliverbapstia, Parabacteroides, Phocaeicola, and Prevotella From the genus lla; preferably from the genera Acutalibacter nov, Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Phocaeicola and Prevotella; more preferably from the genera Acutalibacter nov, Bacteroides, Phocaeicola and Prevotella, and even more preferably one or more strains selected from the genera Bacteroides and Prevotella; - From the genera Blautia and Eubacterium; preferably one or more strains selected from the genus Blautia; and - One or more strains selected from the genera Dialister, Flavonifractor, Phascolarctobacterium, and Veillonella; preferably from the genera Dialister, Flavonifractor, Phascolarctobacterium, Phascolarctobacterium_A, and Veillonella, preferably from the genera Dialister, Flavonifractor, Phascolarctobacterium, and Phascolarctobacterium_A, more preferably from the genus Phascolarctobacterium.

[0184] In some embodiments, such a consortium further includes the following: iv): - One or more strains capable of converting acetate to butyrate, selected from the genera Agatobacter, Anaerobutyricum, Anaerostipes, Anaerotignum, Desulfovibrio, Dysosmobacter, Faecalibacterium, Longicatena, and Roseburia; preferably one or more strains selected from the genera Agatobacter, Anaerobutyricum, Anaerostipes, Desulfovibrio, Faecalibacterium, and Roseburia; - One or more strains from the genera Anaerobutyricum, Anaerostipes and Eubacterium, preferably selected from the genera Anaerobutyricum and Anaerostipes, capable of converting lactate to butyrate; and / or - Acidaminococcus, Agatobacter, Anaerobutyricum, Anaerostipes, Anaerotignum, Bariatricus, Clostridium, Clostridium E, Clostridium Q, Coprococcus s), from the genera Coprococcus A, Copromonas, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, Flavonifractor, Longicatena, Peptoniphilus and Roseburia; preferably Acidaminococcus, Anaerbutyricum From the genera *obutyricum*, *Anaerostipes*, *Coprococcus*, *Coprococcus A*, *Copromonas*, *Eubacterium*, *Faecalibacterium*, *Flavonifractor*, *Longicatena*, and *Roseburia*; more preferably from the genera *Asidaminococcus* One or more strains capable of converting primary substrates selected from the genera Acidaminococcus, Anaerobutyricum, Anaerostipes, Copromonas, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, Flavonifractor, Longicatena, and Roseburia to butyrate.

[0185] Such consortia preferably do not include strains of the genus Clostridium.

[0186] Preferably, such a consortium is - Anaerotignum nov sp., Clostridium E sporosphaeroides, Coprococcus A catus, Frisingococcus sp., Veillonella atypica, Veillonella parvula subsp. parvula, and Veillonella ratti Selected from the species of ratti; preferably not including one or more strains selected from the genera Anaerotignum, Clostridium E, Coprococcus A, Frisingococcus and Veillonella; more preferably the consortium does not include strains capable of converting lactat to propionate; and / or - From the species Anaerotignum lactatifermentans (e.g., DSM 14214), Anaerotignum sp000436415, Bacteroides fragilis (e.g., ATCC 25285, DSM 2151, JCM 11019), Phocaeicola vulgatus (e.g., ATCC 8482, DSM 1447, JCM 5826) and Veillonella ratti (e.g., ATCC 17746, DSM 20736, JCM 6512); preferably from the species Bacteroides fragilis (e.g., ATCC 25285, DSM Selected from the species Phocaeicola vulgatus (e.g., ATCC 8482, DSM 1447, JCM 5826) (2151, JCM 11019); preferably not including one or more strains selected from the genera Anaerotignum, Bacteroides, Phocaeicola and Veillonella; more preferably, the consortium does not include strains capable of converting primary substrates to propionates.

[0187] In certain embodiments, the consortium according to the present invention includes or comprises: i) Agatobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii and iii): - Anaerobutyricum / Eubacterium hallii (e.g., ATCC 27751, DSM 3353, JCM 31263), Bacteroides clarus (e.g., DSM 22519, JCM 16067), Blautia hydrogenotrophica (e.g., DSM 10507, JCM 14656), Collinsella aerofaciens (e.g., ATCC 25986, DSM 3979, JCM 10188), Coprococcus eutactus (e.g., ATCC 27759), Dorea hormisigenerans formicigenerans) (e.g., ATCC 27755, DSM 3992, JCM 31256), Dorea longicatena (e.g., DSM 13814, JCM 11232), Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum (e.g., ATCC 25582, DSM 1402, JCM 1298), Eubacterium ramulus (e.g., ATCC 29099, DSM 15684, JCM 31355), Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (e.g., DSM 17677, ATCC 27768, ATCC 27766, JCM 31915), Lachnospira (Eubacterium) eligens (e.g., ATCC 27750, DSM 3376), Longicatena sp.From the species Ruminococcus bromii (e.g., ATCC 27255) and Sellimonas intestinalis (e.g., JCM 30749), (especially those having a 16SRNA sequence such as SEQ ID NO: 11 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity thereto); preferably from Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Coprococcus eutactus, Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea Longicatena, Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. From the species *Dorcus prausnitzii*, *Lachnospira eligens*, and *Ruminococcus bromii*; more preferably one or more strains selected from the species *Dorea formicigenerans*, *Dorea longicatena*, *Faecalibacterium prausnitzii*, and *Ruminococcus bromii*. - Acidaminococcus intestini (e.g., DSM 21505), Acutalibacter nov. genus (especially those with 16SRNA sequences, such as those indicated by SEQ ID NO: 9 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Bifidobacterium adolescentis (e.g., ATCC 15703, DSM 20083, JCM 1251), Bifidobacterium catenulatum (e.g., ATCC 27539, DSM 16992, JCM 1194), Bifidobacterium longum (e.g., ATCC 15707, DSM 20219, JCM 1251) 1217), Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum (e.g., ATCC 27919, DSM 20438, JCM 1200), Bifidobacterium ruminantium (e.g., ATCC 49390, DSM 6489), Blautia hydrogenotrophica (e.g., DSM 10507, JCM 14656), Clostridium perfringens (e.g., ATCC 13124, DSM 756), Clostridium E sporosphaeroides (e.g., ATCC 25781, DSM 1294), Clostridium Q *Clostridium symbiosum* (e.g., ATCC 14940, DSM 934, JCM 1297), *Collinsella aerofaciens* (e.g., ATCC 25986, DSM 3979, JCM 10188), *Copromonas* sp.(especially those having 16SRNA sequences such as those indicated by SEQ ID NOs. 2, 3, 4, or 8 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Desulfovibrio piger (e.g., ATCC 29098, DSM 749), Dorea formicigenerans (e.g., ATCC 27755, DSM 3992, JCM 31256), Dorea longicatena (e.g., DSM 13814, JCM 11232), Dorea sucindes (Dorea *Eubacterium scindens*, *Dorea* sp. 900066555, *Enterocloster* sp. (especially those with 16SRNA sequences, such as those indicated by SEQ ID NO: 12 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), *Escherichia coli* (e.g., ATCC 11775, DSM 30083, JCM 1649), *Eubacterium callanderi* (e.g., ATCC 49165, DSM 3662, JCM 10284), *Eubacterium limosum* (e.g., ATCC 8486, DSM 20543, JCM 6421, JCM 9978), *Hungatella efulvii* *Hungatella effluvii* (e.g., DSM 24995), *Hungatella A* sp. (especially those with 16SRNA sequences, such as those indicated by SEQ ID NO: 5 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), *Oliverpabstia* sp.(especially those with 16SRNA sequences, such as those indicated by SEQ ID NO: 7 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Peptoniphilus vaginalis (e.g., DSM 101742), Peptostreptococcus anaerobius (e.g., ATCC 27337, DSM 2949), Phocaeicola plebeius (e.g., DSM 17135, JCM 12973), Rhizobiaceae nov.From the genus (especially those having a 16SRNA sequence such as SEQ ID NO: 13 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), species of Ruminoccocus bromii (e.g., ATCC 27255), Sellimonas intestinalis (e.g., JCM 30749), and Veillonella ratti (e.g., ATCC 17746, DSM 20736, JCM 6512); preferably from the species Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Bifidobacterium longum longum), Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium ruminantium, Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Clostridium Q symbiosum, Clostridium E sporosphaeroides, Desulfovibrio piger, Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea longicatena, Dorea scindens, Dorea sp.900066555, Eubacterium calanderii Eubacterium callanderi, Eubacterium limosum, Oliverpabstia sp., and Rhizobiaceae nov.From the genus species; more preferably Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium ruminantium, Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Desulfovibrio piger, Dorea longicatena, Eubacterium callanderi, Eubacterium limosum One or more strains selected from the species *Limosum* and the genus *Rhizobiaceae* nov.; Selectively, Acidaminococcus intestini (e.g., DSM 21505, CIP 108586), Agathobacter rectalis / Eubacterium rectale (e.g., DSM 17629), Agathobacter / Roseburia faecis (e.g., DSM 16840), Anaerobutyricum / Eubacterium hallii (e.g., ATCC 27751, DSM 3353, JCM 31263), Anaerostipes caccae (e.g., DSM 14662, JCM) 13470), Anaerostipes hadrus (e.g., ATCC 29173, DSM 3319), Anaerotignum sp000436415, Bariatricus comes (e.g., ATCC 27758), Clostridium perfringens (e.g., ATCC 13124, DSM 756), Clostridium E sporosphaeroides (e.g., ATCC 25781, DSM 1294), Clostridium Q symbiosum (e.g., ATCC 14940, DSM 934, JCM) 1297), Coprococcus eutactus (e.g., ATCC 27759), Coprococcus A catus (e.g., ATCC 27761), Copromonas sp.(especially those having 16SRNA sequences such as those indicated by SEQ ID NOs. 2, 3, 4 or any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Eubacterium ramulus (e.g., ATCC 29099, DSM 15684, JCM 31355), Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (e.g., DSM 17677, ATCC 27768, ATCC 27766, JCM 31915), Flavonifractor plautii (e.g., ATCC 29863, DSM From species 4000), Longicatena sp. (especially those having a 16SRNA sequence such as SEQ ID NO: 11 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Peptoniphilus vaginalis (e.g., DSM 101742), Roseburia hominis (e.g., DSM 16839) and Roseburia intestinalis (e.g., DSM 14610, JCM 31262); preferably from species Acidaminococcus intestini, Anaerobutyricum / Eubacterium hallii, Anaerostipes caccae caccae), Anaerostipes hadrus, Coprococcus eutactus, Coprococcus A catus, Copromonas sp., Eubacterium ramulus, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Flavonifractor plautii, Longicatena sp., from the species Roseburia hominis and Roseburia intestinalis; more preferably Acidaminococcus intestini, Anaerobutyricum / Eubacterium hallii, Anaerostipes caccae, Anaerostipes hadrus, Eubacterium ramulus, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Flavonifractor plautii, Roseburia hominis One or more strains selected from the species *Roseburia hominis* and *Roseburia intestinalis*; - Agatobacter rectalis / Eubacterium rectale (e.g., DSM 17629), Agatobacter / Roseburia faecis (e.g., DSM 16840), Bacteroides clarus (e.g., DSM 22519, JCM 16067), Bacteroides faecis (e.g., DSM 24798, JCM 16478), Bacteroides uniformis (e.g., DSM 6597, ATCC 8492, JCM 5828), Bariatricus comes (e.g., ATCC 27758), Bifidobacterium adolescentis (e.g., ATCC 15703, DSM 20083, JCM 1251), Collinsella aerofaciens (e.g., ATCC 25986, DSM 3979, JCM 10188), Enterococcus faecalis (e.g., ATCC 29212, DSM 2570), Enterococcus faecium (e.g., ATCC 19434, DSM 10477, JCM 8727), Enterococcus gallinarum (e.g., ATCC 49573, JCM 10188) 8728), Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (e.g., ATCC 7469, DSM 20021, JCM1136), Longicatena sp. (especially those with 16SRNA sequences, such as those shown in SEQ ID NO: 11 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Merdisoma aerosacerifilusFrom the species Aerosacheriphilus (especially those having a 16SRNA sequence such as SEQ ID NO: 10 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Peptostreptococcus stomatis (e.g., DSM 17678, JCM 15636), Roseburia hominis (e.g., DSM 16839), Streptococcus anginosus (e.g., ATCC 33397, DSM 20563, JCM 12993), Sutterella wadsworthensis (e.g., ATCC 51579, DSM 14016); preferably from the species Agathobacter rectalis Eubacterium rectalis, Agathobacter / Roseburia faecis, Bacteroides clarus, Bacteroides uniformis, Bariatricus comes, Collinsella aerofaciens, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus gallinarum, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Peptostreptococcus stomatis, Streptococcus anginosus, and Sutterella wadswosensisFrom the species of wadsworthensis; more preferably, Agatobacter rectalis / Eubacterium rectale, Bacteroides uniformis, Bariatricus comes, Collinsella aerofaciens, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus gallinarum, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus / Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Streptococcus anginosus One or more strains selected from the species *Anginosus* and *Sutterella wadsworthensis*; - Actalibacter nov genus (especially those with 16SRNA sequences, such as those shown in SEQ ID NO: 9 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Bacteroides faecis (e.g., DSM 24798, JCM 16478), Bacteroides fragilis (e.g., ATCC 25285, DSM 2151, JCM 11019), Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (e.g., ATCC 29148, DSM 2079, JCM 5827), Bacteroides xylanisolvens (e.g., DSM 18836, JCM 16478) 15633), Oliverpabstia sp. (especially those with 16SRNA sequences, such as those indicated by SEQ ID NO: 7 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Bacteroides faecis (e.g., DSM 24798, JCM 16478), Parabacteroides distasonis (e.g., ATCC 8503, DSM 20701), Phocaeicola dorei (e.g., DSM 17855, JCM 13471), Phocaeicola plebeius (e.g., DSM 17135, JCM 12973), Phocaeicola bulgatus (Phocaeicola From the seeds of Prevotella vulgatus (e.g., ATCC 8482, DSM 1447, JCM 5826) and Prevotella copri (e.g., DSM 18205, JCM 13464);Preferably from the species of the genus Acutalibacter nov, Bacteroides faecis, Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides xylanisolvens, Parabacteroides distasonis, Phocaeicola dorei, Phocaeicola plebeius, Phocaeicola vulgatus and Prevotella copri; more preferably from the species of the genus Acutalibacter nov, Bacteroides faecis One or more strains selected from the species Bacteroides faecis, Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides xylanisolvens, Phocaeicola plebeius, Phocaeicola vulgatus, and Prevotella copri; - Intestinibacter bartlettii (e.g., DSM 16795), Terrisporobacter glycolicus (e.g., DSM 1288, ATCC 14880), Terrisporobacter mayombei (e.g., DSM 6539), Clostridium bifermentans (e.g., DSM 14991, JCM 1386), Blautia hydrogenotrophica (e.g., DSM 10507, JCM 14656), Eubacterium callanderi (e.g., ATCC 49165, DSM 3662, JCM) One or more strains selected from the species of Eubacterium limosum (e.g., ATCC 8486, DSM 20543, JCM 6421, JCM 9978), preferably Blautia hydrogenotrophica or Intestinibacter bartlettii; - Selectively, Agatobacter rectalis / Eubacterium rectale (e.g., DSM 17629), Agatobacter / Roseburia faecis (e.g., DSM 16840), Anaerobutyricum / Eubacterium hallii (e.g., ATCC 27751, DSM 3353, JCM 31263), Anaerostipes caccae (e.g., DSM 14662, JCM 13470), Anaerostipes hadrus (e.g., ATCC 29173, DSM 3319), Anaerotignum sp., Desulfovibrio piger (e.g., ATCC 29098, DSM 749), Dysosmobacter sp. (having a 16SRNA sequence, such as that shown in SEQ ID NO: 6 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (e.g., ATCC 27768, ATCC 27766, DSM 17677, JCM 31915), Longicatena sp., Roseburia hominis (e.g., DSM 16839) and Roseburia intestinalis (e.g., DSM 14610, JCM 31262); preferably Agathobacter rectalis, Anaerobutyricum hallii, Anaerostipes caccae, Anaerostipes hadrus, Desulfovibirio piger, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Roseburia hominis and Roseburia intestinalis (Roseburia One or more strains selected from the species *Intestinalis*; - Selectively from the species Anaerobutyricum / Eubacterium hallii (e.g., ATCC 27751, DSM 3353, JCM 31263), Anaerostipes caccae (e.g., DSM 14662, JCM 13470), Eubacterium callanderi (e.g., ATCC 49165, DSM 3662, JCM 10284), and Eubacterium limosum (e.g., ATCC 8486, DSM 20543, JCM 6421, JCM 9978); preferably Anaerobutyricum hallii One or more strains selected from the species Anaerostipes hallii and Anaerostipes caccae; - Selectively, Anaerotignum nov sp. (especially those with 16 SRNA sequences, such as those indicated by SEQ ID NO: 14 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Clostridium E sporosphaeroides (e.g., ATCC 25781, DSM 1294), Coprococcus A catus (e.g., ATCC 27761), Frisingococcus sp. (especially those with 16 SRNA sequences, such as those indicated by SEQ ID NO: 15 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Veillonella atypica (e.g., ATCC 17744, DSM 1294) From the species Veillonella parvula subsp. parvula (e.g., DSM 2008), Veillonella ratti (e.g., ATCC 17746, DSM 20736, JCM 6512), preferably one or more strains selected from the species Anaerotignum nov sp., Coprococcus A catus, Frisingococcus sp., Veillonella atypica, and Veillonella parvula subsp. parvula; and / or - Dialister hominis (e.g., DSM 109768), Dialister invisus (e.g., DSM 15470, JCM 17566), Flavonifractor plautii (e.g., ATCC 29863, DSM 4000), Phascolarctobacterium faecium (e.g., DSM 14760), Phascolarctobacterium A succinatutens (e.g., DSM 22533), Veillonella parvula subsp. parvula (e.g., DSM 2008), and Veillonella latti One or more strains selected from the species of *Phascolarctobacterium ratti* (e.g., ATCC 17746, DSM 20736, JCM 6512), preferably from the species *Dialister hominis*, *Dialister invisus*, *Flavonifractor plautii*, *Phascolarctobacterium faecium*, and *Phascolarctobacterium A succinatutens*.

[0188] In certain embodiments, the consortium according to the present invention includes or comprises: i) Agatobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii and iii): - Anaerobutyricum / Eubacterium hallii (e.g., ATCC 27751, DSM 3353, JCM 31263), Bacteroides clarus (e.g., DSM 22519, JCM 16067), Blautia hydrogenotrophica (e.g., DSM 10507, JCM 14656), Collinsella aerofaciens (e.g., ATCC 25986, DSM 3979, JCM 10188), Coprococcus eutactus (e.g., ATCC 27759), Dorea hormisigenerans formicigenerans) (e.g., ATCC 27755, DSM 3992, JCM 31256), Dorea Longicatena (e.g., DSM 13814, JCM 11232), Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum (e.g., ATCC 25582, DSM 1402, JCM 1298), Eubacterium ramulus (e.g., ATCC 29099, DSM 15684, JCM 31355), Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (e.g., DSM 17677, ATCC 27768, ATCC 27766, JCM 31915), Lachnospira (Eubacterium) eligens (e.g., ATCC 27750, DSM 3376), Longicatena sp.(especially those having a 16SRNA sequence such as SEQ ID NO: 11 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), from the species Ruminococcus bromii (e.g., ATCC 27255) and Sellimonas intestinalis (e.g., JCM 30749); preferably from Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Coprococcus eutactus, Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea Longicatena, Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum, Faecalibacterium From the species *Lachnospira eligens* and *Ruminococcus bromii*; more preferably one or more strains selected from the species *Dorea formicigenerans*, *Dorea longicatena*, *Faecalibacterium prausnitzii* and *Ruminococcus bromii*. - Acidaminococcus intestini (e.g., DSM 21505), Acutalibacter nov. genus (especially those with 16SRNA sequences, such as those indicated by SEQ ID NO: 9 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Bifidobacterium adolescentis (e.g., ATCC 15703, DSM 20083, JCM 1251), Bifidobacterium catenulatum (e.g., ATCC 27539, DSM 16992, JCM 1194), Bifidobacterium longum (e.g., ATCC 15707, DSM 20219, JCM 1251) 1217), Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum (e.g., ATCC 27919, DSM 20438, JCM 1200), Bifidobacterium ruminantium (e.g., ATCC 49390, DSM 6489), Blautia hydrogenotrophica (e.g., DSM 10507, JCM 14656), Clostridium perfringens (e.g., ATCC 13124, DSM 756), Clostridium E sporosphaeroides (e.g., ATCC 25781, DSM 1294), Clostridium Q *Clostridium symbiosum* (e.g., ATCC 14940, DSM 934, JCM 1297), *Collinsella aerofaciens* (e.g., ATCC 25986, DSM 3979, JCM 10188), *Copromonas* sp.(especially those with 16SRNA sequences, such as those shown in SEQ ID NOs. 2, 4, 8 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Desulfovibrio piger (e.g., ATCC 29098, DSM 749), Dorea formicigenerans (e.g., ATCC 27755, DSM 3992, JCM 31256), Dorea longicatena (e.g., DSM 13814, JCM 11232), Dorea sucindes (Dorea *Eubacterium scindens*, *Dorea* sp. 900066555, *Enterocloster* sp. (especially those with 16SRNA sequences, such as those indicated by SEQ ID NO: 12 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), *Escherichia coli* (e.g., ATCC 11775, DSM 30083, JCM 1649), *Eubacterium callanderi* (e.g., ATCC 49165, DSM 3662, JCM 10284), *Eubacterium limosum* (e.g., ATCC 8486, DSM 20543, JCM 6421, JCM 9978), *Hungatella efulvii* *Hungatella effluvii* (e.g., DSM 24995), *Hungatella A* sp. (especially those with 16SRNA sequences, such as those indicated by SEQ ID NO: 5 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), *Oliverpabstia* sp.(especially those with 16SRNA sequences, such as those indicated by SEQ ID NO: 7 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Peptoniphilus vaginalis (e.g., DSM 101742), Peptostreptococcus anaerobius (e.g., ATCC 27337, DSM 2949), Phocaeicola plebeius (e.g., DSM 17135, JCM 12973), Rhizobiaceae nov.From the genus (especially those having a 16SRNA sequence such as SEQ ID NO: 13 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), species of Ruminoccocus bromii (e.g., ATCC 27255), Sellimonas intestinalis (e.g., JCM 30749), and Veillonella ratti (e.g., ATCC 17746, DSM 20736, JCM 6512); preferably from the species Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Bifidobacterium longum longum), Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium ruminantium, Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Clostridium Q symbiosum, Clostridium E sporosphaeroides, Desulfovibrio piger, Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea longicatena, Dorea scindens, Dorea sp.900066555, Eubacterium calanderii Eubacterium callanderi, Eubacterium limosum, Oliverpabstia sp., and Rhizobiaceae nov.From the genus species; more preferably Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium ruminantium, Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Desulfovibrio piger, Dorea Longicatena, Eubacterium callanderi, Eubacterium limosum One or more strains selected from species of the genus *Limosum* and *Rhizobiaceae* nov.; Selectively, Acidaminococcus intestini (e.g., DSM 21505, CIP 108586), Agathobacter rectalis / Eubacterium rectale (e.g., DSM 17629), Agathobacter / Roseburia faecis (e.g., DSM 16840), Anaerobutyricum / Eubacterium hallii (e.g., ATCC 27751, DSM 3353, JCM 31263), Anaerostipes caccae (e.g., DSM 14662, JCM) 13470), Anaerostipes hadrus (e.g., ATCC 29173, DSM 3319), Anaerotignum sp000436415, Bariatricus comes (e.g., ATCC 27758), Clostridium perfringens (e.g., ATCC 13124, DSM 756), Clostridium E sporosphaeroides (e.g., ATCC 25781, DSM 1294), Clostridium Q symbiosum (e.g., ATCC 14940, DSM 934, JCM) 1297), Coprococcus eutactus (e.g., ATCC 27759), Coprococcus A catus (e.g., ATCC 27761), Copromonas sp.(especially those with 16SRNA sequences, such as those shown in SEQ ID NOs. 2, 4, 8 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Eubacterium ramulus (e.g., ATCC 29099, DSM 15684, JCM 31355), Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (e.g., DSM 17677, ATCC 27768, ATCC 27766, JCM 31915), Flavonifractor plautii (e.g., ATCC 29863, DCM From species such as 4000), Longicatena sp. (especially those having a 16SRNA sequence, such as that shown in SEQ ID NO: 11 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Peptoniphilus vaginalis (e.g., DSM 101742), Roseburia hominis (e.g., DSM 16839) and Roseburia intestinalis (e.g., DSM 14610, JCM 31262); preferably from Acidaminococcus intestini, Anaerobutyricum / Eubacterium hallii), Anaerostipes caccae, Anaerostipes hadrus, Coprococcus eutactus, Coprococcus A catus, Copromonas sp., Eubacterium ramulus, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Flavonifractor plautii, Longicatena sp., from the species Roseburia hominis and Roseburia intestinalis; more preferably Acidaminococcus intestini, Anaerobutyricum / Eubacterium hallii, Anaerostipes caccae, Anaerostipes hadrus, Eubacterium ramulus, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Flavonifractor plautii, Roseburia hominis One or more strains selected from the species *Roseburia hominis* and *Roseburia intestinalis*; - Agatobacter rectalis / Eubacterium rectale (e.g., DSM 17629), Agatobacter / Roseburia faecis (e.g., DSM 16840), Bacteroides clarus (e.g., DSM 22519, JCM 16067), Bacteroides faecis (e.g., DSM 24798, JCM 16478), Bacteroides uniformis (e.g., DSM 6597, ATCC 8492, JCM 5828), Bariatricus comes (e.g., ATCC 27758), Bifidobacterium adolescentis (e.g., ATCC 15703, DSM 20083, JCM 1251), Collinsella aerofaciens (e.g., ATCC 25986, DSM 3979, JCM 10188), Enterococcus faecalis (e.g., ATCC 29212, DSM 2570), Enterococcus faecium (e.g., ATCC 19434, DSM 10477, JCM 8727), Enterococcus gallinarum (e.g., ATCC 49573, JCM 10188) 8728), Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (e.g., ATCC 7469, DSM 20021, JCM1136), Longicatena sp. (especially those with 16SRNA sequences, such as those shown in SEQ ID NO: 11 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Merdisoma aerosacerifilusFrom the species Aerosacheriphilus (especially those having a 16SRNA sequence such as SEQ ID NO: 10 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Peptostreptococcus stomatis (e.g., DSM 17678, JCM 15636), Roseburia hominis (e.g., DSM 16839), Streptococcus anginosus (e.g., ATCC 33397, DSM 20563, JCM 12993), Sutterella wadsworthensis (e.g., ATCC 51579, DSM 14016); preferably from the species Agathobacter rectalis Eubacterium rectalis, Agathobacter / Roseburia faecis, Bacteroides clarus, Bacteroides uniformis, Bariatricus comes, Collinsella aerofaciens, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus gallinarum, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Peptostreptococcus stomatis, Streptococcus anginosus, and Sutterella wadswosensisFrom the species of wadsworthensis; more preferably Agatobacter rectalis / Eubacterium rectale, Bacteroides uniformis, Bariatricus comes, Collinsella aerofaciens, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus gallinarum, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus / Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Streptococcus anginosus One or more strains selected from the species *Anginosus* and *Sutterella wadsworthensis*; - Actalibacter nov genus (especially those with 16SRNA sequences, such as those shown in SEQ ID NO: 9 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Bacteroides faecis (e.g., DSM 24798, JCM 16478), Bacteroides fragilis (e.g., ATCC 25285, DSM 2151, JCM 11019), Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (e.g., ATCC 29148, DSM 2079, JCM 5827), Bacteroides xylanisolvens (e.g., DSM 18836, JCM 16478) 15633), Oliverpabstia sp. (especially those with 16SRNA sequences, such as those indicated by SEQ ID NO: 7 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Bacteroides faecis (e.g., DSM 24798, JCM 16478), Parabacteroides distasonis (e.g., ATCC 8503, DSM 20701), Phocaeicola dorei (e.g., DSM 17855, JCM 13471), Phocaeicola plebeius (e.g., DSM 17135, JCM 12973), Phocaeicola bulgatus (Phocaeicola From the seeds of Prevotella vulgatus (e.g., ATCC 8482, DSM 1447, JCM 5826) and Prevotella copri (e.g., DSM 18205, JCM 13464);Preferably from species of the genus Acutalibacter nov, Bacteroides faecis, Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides xylanisolvens, Parabacteroides distasonis, Phocaeicola dorei, Phocaeicola plebeius, Phocaeicola vulgatus and Prevotella copri; more preferably from species of the genus Acutalibacter nov, Bacteroides faecis One or more strains selected from the species Bacteroides faecis, Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides xylanisolvens, Phocaeicola plebeius, Phocaeicola vulgatus, and Prevotella copri; - Intestinibacter bartlettii (e.g., DSM 16795), Terrisporobacter glycolicus (e.g., DSM 1288, ATCC 14880), Terrisporobacter mayombei (e.g., DSM 6539), Clostridium bifermentans (e.g., DSM 14991, JCM 1386), Blautia hydrogenotrophica (e.g., DSM 10507, JCM 14656), Eubacterium callanderi (e.g., ATCC 49165, DSM 3662, JCM) One or more strains selected from the species of Eubacterium limosum (e.g., ATCC 8486, DSM 20543, JCM 6421, JCM 9978), preferably Blautia hydrogenotrophica or Intestinibacter bartlettii; - Selectively, Agatobacter rectalis / Eubacterium rectale (e.g., DSM 17629), Agatobacter / Roseburia faecis (e.g., DSM 16840), Anaerobutyricum / Eubacterium hallii (e.g., ATCC 27751, DSM 3353, JCM 31263), Anaerostipes caccae (e.g., DSM 14662, JCM 13470), Anaerostipes hadrus (e.g., ATCC 29173, DSM 3319), Anaerotignum sp., Desulfovibrio piger (e.g., ATCC 29098, DSM 749), Dysosmobacter sp. (having a 16SRNA sequence, such as that shown in SEQ ID NO: 6 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (e.g., ATCC 27768, ATCC 27766, DSM 17677, JCM 31915), Longicatena sp., species of Roseburia hominis (e.g., DSM 16839) and Roseburia intestinalis (e.g., DSM 14610, JCM 31262); preferably Agathobacter rectalis, Anaerobutyricum hallii, Anaerostipes caccae, Anaerostipes hadrus, Desulfovibirio piger, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Roseburia hominis and Roseburia intestinalis One or more strains selected from the species *Intestinalis*; - Selectively from the species Anaerobutyricum / Eubacterium hallii (e.g., ATCC 27751, DSM 3353, JCM 31263), Anaerostipes caccae (e.g., DSM 14662, JCM 13470), Eubacterium callanderi (e.g., ATCC 49165, DSM 3662, JCM 10284), and Eubacterium limosum (e.g., ATCC 8486, DSM 20543, JCM 6421, JCM 9978); preferably Anaerobutyricum hallii One or more strains selected from the species Anaerostipes hallii and Anaerostipes caccae; - Selectively, Anaerotignum nov sp. (especially those with 16 SRNA sequences, such as those indicated by SEQ ID NO: 14 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Clostridium E sporosphaeroides (e.g., ATCC 25781, DSM 1294), Coprococcus A catus (e.g., ATCC 27761), Frisingococcus sp. (especially those with 16 SRNA sequences, such as those indicated by SEQ ID NO: 15 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Veillonella atypica (e.g., ATCC 17744, DSM 1294) From the species Veillonella parvula subsp. parvula (e.g., DSM 2008), Veillonella ratti (e.g., ATCC 17746, DSM 20736, JCM 6512), preferably one or more strains selected from the species Anaerotignum nov sp., Coprococcus A catus, Frisingococcus sp., Veillonella atypica, and Veillonella parvula subsp. parvula; and / or - Dialister hominis (e.g., DSM 109768), Dialister invisus (e.g., DSM 15470, JCM 17566), Flavonifractor plautii (e.g., ATCC 29863, DSM 4000), Phascolarctobacterium faecium (e.g., DSM 14760), Phascolarctobacterium A succinatutens (e.g., DSM 22533), Veillonella parvula subsp. parvula (e.g., DSM 2008), and Veillonella latti One or more strains selected from the species of *Phascolarctobacterium ratti* (e.g., ATCC 17746, DSM 20736, JCM 6512), preferably from the species *Dialister hominis*, *Dialister invisus*, *Flavonifractor plautii*, *Phascolarctobacterium faecium*, and *Phascolarctobacterium A succinatutens*.

[0189] In certain embodiments, the consortium according to the present invention includes or comprises: i) Agatobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii and iii): - Anaerobutyricum / Eubacterium hallii (e.g., ATCC 27751, DSM 3353, JCM 31263), Bacteroides clarus (e.g., DSM 22519, JCM 16067), Blautia hydrogenotrophica (e.g., DSM 10507, JCM 14656), Collinsella aerofaciens (e.g., ATCC 25986, DSM 3979, JCM 10188), Coprococcus eutactus (e.g., ATCC 27759), Dorea hormisigenerans formicigenerans) (e.g., ATCC 27755, DSM 3992, JCM 31256), Dorea Longicatena (e.g., DSM 13814, JCM 11232), Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum (e.g., ATCC 25582, DSM 1402, JCM 1298), Eubacterium ramulus (e.g., ATCC 29099, DSM 15684, JCM 31355), Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (e.g., DSM 17677, ATCC 27768, ATCC 27766, JCM 31915), Lachnospira (Eubacterium) eligens (e.g., ATCC 27750, DSM 3376), Longicatena sp.From the species Ruminococcus bromii (e.g., ATCC 27255) and Sellimonas intestinalis (e.g., JCM 30749), (especially those having a 16SRNA sequence such as SEQ ID NO: 11 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity thereto); preferably from Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Coprococcus eutactus, Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea longicatena, Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. From the species *Dorcus prausnitzii*, *Lachnospira eligens*, and *Ruminococcus bromii*; more preferably, one or more strains selected from the species *Dorcus formicigenerans*, *Dorcus longicatena*, *Faecalibacterium prausnitzii*, and *Ruminococcus bromii*. - Acidaminococcus intestini (e.g., DSM 21505), Acutalibacter nov. genus (especially those with 16SRNA sequences, such as those indicated by SEQ ID NO: 9 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Bifidobacterium adolescentis (e.g., ATCC 15703, DSM 20083, JCM 1251), Bifidobacterium catenulatum (e.g., ATCC 27539, DSM 16992, JCM 1194), Bifidobacterium longum (e.g., ATCC 15707, DSM 20219, JCM 1251) 1217), Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum (e.g., ATCC 27919, DSM 20438, JCM 1200), Bifidobacterium ruminantium (e.g., ATCC 49390, DSM 6489), Blautia hydrogenotrophica (e.g., DSM 10507, JCM 14656), Clostridium perfringens (e.g., ATCC 13124, DSM 756), Clostridium E sporosphaeroides (e.g., ATCC 25781, DSM 1294), Clostridium Q *Clostridium symbiosum* (e.g., ATCC 14940, DSM 934, JCM 1297), *Collinsella aerofaciens* (e.g., ATCC 25986, DSM 3979, JCM 10188), *Copromonas* sp.(especially those with 16SRNA sequences, such as those shown in SEQ ID NOs. 2, 4, 8 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Desulfovibrio piger (e.g., ATCC 29098, DSM 749), Dorea formicigenerans (e.g., ATCC 27755, DSM 3992, JCM 31256), Dorea longicatena (e.g., DSM 13814, JCM 11232), Dorea sucindes (Dorea *Eubacterium scindens*, *Dorea* sp. 900066555, *Enterocloster* sp. (especially those with 16SRNA sequences, such as those indicated by SEQ ID NO: 12 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), *Escherichia coli* (e.g., ATCC 11775, DSM 30083, JCM 1649), *Eubacterium callanderi* (e.g., ATCC 49165, DSM 3662, JCM 10284), *Eubacterium limosum* (e.g., ATCC 8486, DSM 20543, JCM 6421, JCM 9978), *Hungatella efulvii* *Hungatella effluvii* (e.g., DSM 24995), *Hungatella A* sp. (especially those with 16SRNA sequences, such as those indicated by SEQ ID NO: 5 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), *Oliverpabstia* sp.(especially those with 16SRNA sequences, such as those indicated by SEQ ID NO: 7 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Peptoniphilus vaginalis (e.g., DSM 101742), Peptostreptococcus anaerobius (e.g., ATCC 27337, DSM 2949), Phocaeicola plebeius (e.g., DSM 17135, JCM 12973), Rhizobiaceae nov.From the genus (especially those having a 16SRNA sequence such as SEQ ID NO: 13 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), species of Ruminoccocus bromii (e.g., ATCC 27255), Sellimonas intestinalis (e.g., JCM 30749), and Veillonella ratti (e.g., ATCC 17746, DSM 20736, JCM 6512); preferably from the species Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Bifidobacterium longum longum), Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium ruminantium, Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Clostridium Q symbiosum, Clostridium E sporosphaeroides, Desulfovibrio piger, Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea longicatena, Dorea scindens, Dorea sp.900066555, Eubacterium calanderii Eubacterium callanderi, Eubacterium limosum, Oliverpabstia sp., and Rhizobiaceae nov.From the genus species; more preferably Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium ruminantium, Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Desulfovibrio piger, Dorea longicatena, Eubacterium callanderi, Eubacterium limosum One or more strains selected from species of the genus *Limosum* and *Rhizobiaceae* nov.; Selectively, Acidaminococcus intestini (e.g., DSM 21505, CIP 108586), Agathobacter rectalis / Eubacterium rectale (e.g., DSM 17629), Agathobacter / Roseburia faecis (e.g., DSM 16840), Anaerobutyricum / Eubacterium hallii (e.g., ATCC 27751, DSM 3353, JCM 31263), Anaerostipes caccae (e.g., DSM 14662, JCM) 13470), Anaerostipes hadrus (e.g., ATCC 29173, DSM 3319), Anaerotignum sp000436415, Bariatricus comes (e.g., ATCC 27758), Clostridium perfringens (e.g., ATCC 13124, DSM 756), Clostridium E sporosphaeroides (e.g., ATCC 25781, DSM 1294), Clostridium Q symbiosum (e.g., ATCC 14940, DSM 934, JCM) 1297), Coprococcus eutactus (e.g., ATCC 27759), Coprococcus A catus (e.g., ATCC 27761), Copromonas sp.(especially those with 16SRNA sequences, such as those shown in SEQ ID NOs. 2, 4, 8 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Eubacterium ramulus (e.g., ATCC 29099, DSM 15684, JCM 31355), Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (e.g., DSM 17677, ATCC 27768, ATCC 27766, JCM 31915), Flavonifractor plautii (e.g., ATCC 29863, DCM From species such as 4000), Longicatena sp. (especially those having a 16SRNA sequence, such as that shown in SEQ ID NO: 11 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Peptoniphilus vaginalis (e.g., DSM 101742), Roseburia hominis (e.g., DSM 16839) and Roseburia intestinalis (e.g., DSM 14610, JCM 31262); preferably from Acidaminococcus intestini, Anaerobutyricum / Eubacterium hallii), Anaerostipes caccae, Anaerostipes hadrus, Coprococcus eutactus, Coprococcus A catus, Copromonas sp., Eubacterium ramulus, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Flavonifractor plautii, Longicatena sp., from the species Roseburia hominis and Roseburia intestinalis; more preferably Acidaminococcus intestini, Anaerobutyricum / Eubacterium hallii, Anaerostipes caccae, Anaerostipes hadrus, Eubacterium ramulus, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Flavonifractor plautii, Roseburia hominis One or more strains selected from the species *Roseburia hominis* and *Roseburia intestinalis*; - Agatobacter rectalis / Eubacterium rectale (e.g., DSM 17629), Agatobacter / Roseburia faecis (e.g., DSM 16840), Bacteroides clarus (e.g., DSM 22519, JCM 16067), Bacteroides faecis (e.g., DSM 24798, JCM 16478), Bacteroides uniformis (e.g., DSM 6597, ATCC 8492, JCM 5828), Bariatricus comes (e.g., ATCC 27758), Bifidobacterium adolescentis (e.g., ATCC 15703, DSM 20083, JCM 1251), Collinsella aerofaciens (e.g., ATCC 25986, DSM 3979, JCM 10188), Enterococcus faecalis (e.g., ATCC 29212, DSM 2570), Enterococcus faecium (e.g., ATCC 19434, DSM 10477, JCM 8727), Enterococcus gallinarum (e.g., ATCC 49573, JCM 10188) 8728), Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (e.g., ATCC 7469, DSM 20021, JCM1136), Longicatena sp. (especially those with 16SRNA sequences, such as those shown in SEQ ID NO: 11 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Merdisoma aerosacerifilusFrom the species Aerosacheriphilus (especially those having a 16SRNA sequence such as SEQ ID NO: 10 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Peptostreptococcus stomatis (e.g., DSM 17678, JCM 15636), Roseburia hominis (e.g., DSM 16839), Streptococcus anginosus (e.g., ATCC 33397, DSM 20563, JCM 12993), Sutterella wadsworthensis (e.g., ATCC 51579, DSM 14016); preferably from the species Agathobacter rectalis Eubacterium rectalis, Agathobacter / Roseburia faecis, Bacteroides clarus, Bacteroides uniformis, Bariatricus comes, Collinsella aerofaciens, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus gallinarum, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Peptostreptococcus stomatis, Streptococcus anginosus, and Sutterella wadswosensisFrom the species of wadsworthensis; more preferably the species Agathobacter rectalis / Eubacterium rectale, Bacteroides uniformis, Bariatricus comes, Collinsella aerofaciens, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus gallinarum, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus / Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Streptococcus anginosus One or more strains selected from the species *Anginosus* and *Sutterella wadsworthensis*; - Actalibacter nov genus (especially those with 16SRNA sequences, such as those shown in SEQ ID NO: 9 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Bacteroides faecis (e.g., DSM 24798, JCM 16478), Bacteroides fragilis (e.g., ATCC 25285, DSM 2151, JCM 11019), Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (e.g., ATCC 29148, DSM 2079, JCM 5827), Bacteroides xylanisolvens (e.g., DSM 18836, JCM 16478) 15633), Oliverpabstia sp. (especially those with 16SRNA sequences, such as those indicated by SEQ ID NO: 7 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Bacteroides faecis (e.g., DSM 24798, JCM 16478), Parabacteroides distasonis (e.g., ATCC 8503, DSM 20701), Phocaeicola dorei (e.g., DSM 17855, JCM 13471), Phocaeicola plebeius (e.g., DSM 17135, JCM 12973), Phocaeicola bulgatus (Phocaeicola From *Prevotella vulgatus* (e.g., ATCC 8482, DSM 1447, JCM 5826) and *Prevotella copri* (e.g., DSM 18205, JCM 13464);Preferably from the species of the genus Acutalibacter nov, Bacteroides faecis, Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides xylanisolvens, Parabacteroides distasonis, Phocaeicola dorei, Phocaeicola plebeius, Phocaeicola vulgatus and Prevotella copri; more preferably from the species of the genus Acutalibacter nov, Bacteroides faecis One or more strains selected from the species Bacteroides faecis, Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides xylanisolvens, Phocaeicola plebeius, Phocaeicola vulgatus, and Prevotella copri; - One or more strains selected from Blautia hydrogenotrophica (e.g., DSM 10507, JCM 14656), Eubacterium callanderi (e.g., ATCC 49165, DSM 3662, JCM 10284), and Eubacterium limosum (e.g., ATCC 8486, DSM 20543, JCM 6421, JCM 9978), preferably one or more strains selected from the species of Blautia hydrogenotrophica;- Selectively, Agatobacter rectalis / Eubacterium rectale (e.g., DSM 17629), Agatobacter / Roseburia faecis (e.g., DSM 16840), Anaerobutyricum / Eubacterium hallii (e.g., ATCC 27751, DSM 3353, JCM 31263), Anaerostipes caccae (e.g., DSM 14662, JCM 13470), Anaerostipes hadrus (e.g., ATCC 29173, DSM 3319), Anaerotignum sp., Desulfovibrio piger (e.g., ATCC 29098, DSM 749), Dysosmobacter sp. (especially those with 16SRNA sequences, such as those indicated by SEQ ID NO: 6 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (e.g., ATCC 27768, ATCC 27766, DSM 17677, JCM 31915), Longicatena sp., Roseburia hominis (e.g., DSM 16839) and Roseburia intestinalis (e.g., DSM 14610, JCM 31262); preferably Agathobacter rectalis, Anaerobutyricum hallii, Anaerostipes caccae, Anaerostipes hadrus, Desulfovibirio piger, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Roseburia hominis and Roseburia intestinalis (Roseburia One or more strains selected from the species *Intestinalis*; - Optionally from Anaerobutyricum / Eubacterium hallii (e.g., ATCC 27751, DSM 3353, JCM 31263), Anaerostipes caccae (e.g., DSM 14662, JCM 13470), Eubacterium callanderi (e.g., ATCC 49165, DSM 3662, JCM 10284), and Eubacterium limosum (e.g., ATCC 8486, DSM 20543, JCM 6421, JCM 9978); preferably Anaerobutyricum hallii One or more strains selected from the species Anaerostipes hallii and Anaerostipes caccae; - Selectively, Anaerotignum nov sp. (especially those with 16 SRNA sequences, such as those indicated by SEQ ID NO: 14 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Clostridium E sporosphaeroides (e.g., ATCC 25781, DSM 1294), Coprococcus A catus (e.g., ATCC 27761), Frisingococcus sp. (especially those with 16 SRNA sequences, such as those indicated by SEQ ID NO: 15 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Veillonella atypica (e.g., ATCC 17744, DSM 1294) From the species Veillonella parvula subsp. parvula (e.g., DSM 2008), Veillonella ratti (e.g., ATCC 17746, DSM 20736, JCM 6512), preferably one or more strains selected from the species Anaerotignum nov sp., Coprococcus A catus, Frisingococcus sp., Veillonella atypica, and Veillonella parvula subsp. parvula; and / or - One or several strains selected from the species of Dialister hominis (e.g., DSM 109768), Dialister invisus (e.g., DSM 15470, JCM 17566), Flavonifractor plautii (e.g., ATCC 29863, DSM 4000), Phascolarctobacterium faecium (e.g., DSM 14760), Phascolarctobacterium_A succinatutens (e.g., DSM 22533), Veillonella parvula subsp. parvula (e.g., DSM 2008) and Veillonella ratti (e.g., ATCC 17746, DSM 20736, JCM 6512), preferably one or several strains selected from the species of Dialister hominis, Dialister invisus, Flavonifractor plautii, Phascolarctobacterium faecium and Phascolarctobacterium_A succinatutens.

[0190] In certain embodiments, the consortium according to the invention comprises or consists of: i) Agathobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii and iii): - Anaerobutyricum / Eubacterium hallii (e.g., ATCC 27751, DSM 3353, JCM 31263), Bacteroides clarus (e.g., DSM 22519, JCM 16067), Blautia hydrogenotrophica (e.g., DSM 10507, JCM 14656), Collinsella aerofaciens (e.g., ATCC 25986, DSM 3979, JCM 10188), Coprococcus eutactus (e.g., ATCC 27759), Dorea hormisigenerans formicigenerans) (e.g., ATCC 27755, DSM 3992, JCM 31256), Dorea Longicatena (e.g., DSM 13814, JCM 11232), Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum (e.g., ATCC 25582, DSM 1402, JCM 1298), Eubacterium ramulus (e.g., ATCC 29099, DSM 15684, JCM 31355), Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (e.g., DSM 17677, ATCC 27768, ATCC 27766, JCM 31915), Lachnospira (Eubacterium) eligens (e.g., ATCC 27750, DSM 3376), Longicatena sp.From the species Ruminococcus bromii (e.g., ATCC 27255) and Sellimonas intestinalis (e.g., JCM 30749), (especially those having a 16SRNA sequence such as SEQ ID NO: 11 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity thereto); preferably from Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Coprococcus eutactus, Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea Longicatena, Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. From the species *Dorcus prausnitzii*, *Lachnospira eligens*, and *Ruminococcus bromii*; more preferably, one or more strains selected from the species *Dorcus formicigenerans*, *Dorcus longicatena*, *Faecalibacterium prausnitzii*, and *Ruminococcus bromii*. - Acidaminococcus intestini (e.g., DSM 21505), Acutalibacter nov. genus (especially those with 16SRNA sequences, such as those indicated by SEQ ID NO: 9 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Bifidobacterium adolescentis (e.g., ATCC 15703, DSM 20083, JCM 1251), Bifidobacterium catenulatum (e.g., ATCC 27539, DSM 16992, JCM 1194), Bifidobacterium longum (e.g., ATCC 15707, DSM 20219, JCM 1251) 1217), Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum (e.g., ATCC 27919, DSM 20438, JCM 1200), Bifidobacterium ruminantium (e.g., ATCC 49390, DSM 6489), Blautia hydrogenotrophica (e.g., DSM 10507, JCM 14656), Clostridium perfringens (e.g., ATCC 13124, DSM 756), Clostridium E sporosphaeroides (e.g., ATCC 25781, DSM 1294), Clostridium Q *Clostridium symbiosum* (e.g., ATCC 14940, DSM 934, JCM 1297), *Collinsella aerofaciens* (e.g., ATCC 25986, DSM 3979, JCM 10188), *Copromonas* sp.(especially those having 16SRNA sequences such as those indicated by SEQ ID NOs. 2, 3, 4, or 8 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Desulfovibrio piger (e.g., ATCC 29098, DSM 749), Dorea formicigenerans (e.g., ATCC 27755, DSM 3992, JCM 31256), Dorea longicatena (e.g., DSM 13814, JCM 11232), Dorea sucindes (Dorea *Eubacterium scindens*, *Dorea* sp. 900066555, *Enterocloster* sp. (especially those with 16SRNA sequences, such as those indicated by SEQ ID NO: 12 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), *Escherichia coli* (e.g., ATCC 11775, DSM 30083, JCM 1649), *Eubacterium callanderi* (e.g., ATCC 49165, DSM 3662, JCM 10284), *Eubacterium limosum* (e.g., ATCC 8486, DSM 20543, JCM 6421, JCM 9978), *Hungatella efulvii* *Hungatella effluvii* (e.g., DSM 24995), *Hungatella A* sp. (especially those with 16SRNA sequences, such as those indicated by SEQ ID NO: 5 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), *Oliverpabstia* sp.(especially those with 16SRNA sequences, such as those indicated by SEQ ID NO: 7 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Peptoniphilus vaginalis (e.g., DSM 101742), Peptostreptococcus anaerobius (e.g., ATCC 27337, DSM 2949), Phocaeicola plebeius (e.g., DSM 17135, JCM 12973), Rhizobiaceae nov.From the genus (especially those having a 16SRNA sequence such as SEQ ID NO: 13 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), species of Ruminoccocus bromii (e.g., ATCC 27255), Sellimonas intestinalis (e.g., JCM 30749), and Veillonella ratti (e.g., ATCC 17746, DSM 20736, JCM 6512); preferably from the species Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Bifidobacterium longum longum), Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium ruminantium, Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Clostridium Q symbiosum, Clostridium E sporosphaeroides, Desulfovibrio piger, Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea Longicatena, Dorea scindens, Dorea sp.900066555, Eubacterium calanderii Eubacterium callanderi, Eubacterium limosum, Oliverpabstia sp., and Rhizobiaceae nov.From the genus species; more preferably Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium ruminantium, Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Desulfovibrio piger, Dorea Longicatena, Eubacterium callanderi, Eubacterium limosum One or more strains selected from species of the genus *Limosum* and *Rhizobiaceae* nov.; - Agatobacter rectalis / Eubacterium rectale (e.g., DSM 17629), Agatobacter / Roseburia faecis (e.g., DSM 16840), Bacteroides clarus (e.g., DSM 22519, JCM 16067), Bacteroides faecis (e.g., DSM 24798, JCM 16478), Bacteroides uniformis (e.g., DSM 6597, ATCC 8492, JCM 5828), Bariatricus comes (e.g., ATCC 27758), Bifidobacterium adolescentis (e.g., ATCC 15703, DSM 20083, JCM 1251), Collinsella aerofaciens (e.g., ATCC 25986, DSM 3979, JCM 10188), Enterococcus faecalis (e.g., ATCC 29212, DSM 2570), Enterococcus faecium (e.g., ATCC 19434, DSM 10477, JCM 8727), Enterococcus gallinarum (e.g., ATCC 49573, JCM 10188) 8728), Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (e.g., ATCC 7469, DSM 20021, JCM1136), Longicatena sp. (especially those with 16SRNA sequences, such as those shown in SEQ ID NO: 11 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Merdisoma aerosacerifilusFrom the species Aerosacheriphilus (especially those having a 16SRNA sequence such as SEQ ID NO: 10 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Peptostreptococcus stomatis (e.g., DSM 17678, JCM 15636), Roseburia hominis (e.g., DSM 16839), Streptococcus anginosus (e.g., ATCC 33397, DSM 20563, JCM 12993), Sutterella wadsworthensis (e.g., ATCC 51579, DSM 14016); preferably from the species Agathobacter rectalis Eubacterium rectalis, Agathobacter / Roseburia faecis, Bacteroides clarus, Bacteroides uniformis, Bariatricus comes, Collinsella aerofaciens, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus gallinarum, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Peptostreptococcus stomatis, Streptococcus anginosus, and Sutterella wadswosensisFrom the species of wadsworthensis; more preferably, Agatobacter rectalis / Eubacterium rectale, Bacteroides uniformis, Bariatricus comes, Collinsella aerofaciens, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus gallinarum, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus / Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Streptococcus anginosus One or more strains selected from the species *anginosus* and *Sutterella wadsworthensis*; and - One or several strains selected from Intestinibacter bartlettii (e.g., DSM 16795), Terrisporobacter glycolicus (e.g., DSM 1288, ATCC 14880), Terrisporobacter mayombei (e.g., DSM 6539), Clostridium bifermentans (e.g., DSM 14991, JCM 1386), Blautia hydrogenotrophica (e.g., DSM 10507, JCM 14656), Eubacterium callanderi (e.g., ATCC 49165, DSM 3662, JCM 10284) and Eubacterium limosum (e.g., ATCC 8486, DSM 20543, JCM 6421, JCM 9978), preferably one or several strains selected from the species Intestinibacter bartlettii or Blautia hydrogenotrophica.

[0191] In certain embodiments, the consortium according to the invention comprises or consists of: i) Agathobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii and iii): - Anaerobutyricum / Eubacterium hallii (e.g., ATCC 27751, DSM 3353, JCM 31263), Bacteroides clarus (e.g., DSM 22519, JCM 16067), Blautia hydrogenotrophica (e.g., DSM 10507, JCM 14656), Collinsella aerofaciens (e.g., ATCC 25986, DSM 3979, JCM 10188), Coprococcus eutactus (e.g., ATCC 27759), Dorea hormisigenerans formicigenerans) (e.g., ATCC 27755, DSM 3992, JCM 31256), Dorea Longicatena (e.g., DSM 13814, JCM 11232), Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum (e.g., ATCC 25582, DSM 1402, JCM 1298), Eubacterium ramulus (e.g., ATCC 29099, DSM 15684, JCM 31355), Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (e.g., DSM 17677, ATCC 27768, ATCC 27766, JCM 31915), Lachnospira (Eubacterium) eligens (e.g., ATCC 27750, DSM 3376), Longicatena sp.From the species Ruminococcus bromii (e.g., ATCC 27255) and Sellimonas intestinalis (e.g., JCM 30749), (especially those having a 16SRNA sequence such as SEQ ID NO: 11 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity thereto); preferably from Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Coprococcus eutactus, Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea Longicatena, Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. From the species *Dorcus prausnitzii*, *Lachnospira eligens*, and *Ruminococcus bromii*; more preferably, one or more strains selected from the species *Dorcus formicigenerans*, *Dorcus longicatena*, *Faecalibacterium prausnitzii*, and *Ruminococcus bromii*. - Acidaminococcus intestini (e.g., DSM 21505), Acutalibacter nov. genus (especially those with 16SRNA sequences, such as those indicated by SEQ ID NO: 9 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Bifidobacterium adolescentis (e.g., ATCC 15703, DSM 20083, JCM 1251), Bifidobacterium catenulatum (e.g., ATCC 27539, DSM 16992, JCM 1194), Bifidobacterium longum (e.g., ATCC 15707, DSM 20219, JCM 1251) 1217), Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum (e.g., ATCC 27919, DSM 20438, JCM 1200), Bifidobacterium ruminantium (e.g., ATCC 49390, DSM 6489), Blautia hydrogenotrophica (e.g., DSM 10507, JCM 14656), Clostridium perfringens (e.g., ATCC 13124, DSM 756), Clostridium E sporosphaeroides (e.g., ATCC 25781, DSM 1294), Clostridium Q *Clostridium symbiosum* (e.g., ATCC 14940, DSM 934, JCM 1297), *Collinsella aerofaciens* (e.g., ATCC 25986, DSM 3979, JCM 10188), *Copromonas* sp.(especially those with 16SRNA sequences, such as those shown in SEQ ID NOs. 2, 4, 8 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Desulfovibrio piger (e.g., ATCC 29098, DSM 749), Dorea formicigenerans (e.g., ATCC 27755, DSM 3992, JCM 31256), Dorea longicatena (e.g., DSM 13814, JCM 11232), Dorea sucindes (Dorea *Eubacterium scindens*, *Dorea* sp. 900066555, *Enterocloster* sp. (especially those with 16SRNA sequences, such as those indicated by SEQ ID NO: 12 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), *Escherichia coli* (e.g., ATCC 11775, DSM 30083, JCM 1649), *Eubacterium callanderi* (e.g., ATCC 49165, DSM 3662, JCM 10284), *Eubacterium limosum* (e.g., ATCC 8486, DSM 20543, JCM 6421, JCM 9978), *Hungatella efulvii* *Hungatella effluvii* (e.g., DSM 24995), *Hungatella A* sp. (especially those with 16SRNA sequences, such as those indicated by SEQ ID NO: 5 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), *Oliverpabstia* sp.(especially those with 16SRNA sequences, such as those indicated by SEQ ID NO: 7 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Peptoniphilus vaginalis (e.g., DSM 101742), Peptostreptococcus anaerobius (e.g., ATCC 27337, DSM 2949), Phocaeicola plebeius (e.g., DSM 17135, JCM 12973), Rhizobiaceae nov.From the genus (especially those having a 16SRNA sequence such as SEQ ID NO: 13 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), species of Ruminoccocus bromii (e.g., ATCC 27255), Sellimonas intestinalis (e.g., JCM 30749), and Veillonella ratti (e.g., ATCC 17746, DSM 20736, JCM 6512); preferably from the species Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Bifidobacterium longum longum), Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium ruminantium, Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Clostridium Q symbiosum, Clostridium E sporosphaeroides, Desulfovibrio piger, Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea Longicatena, Dorea scindens, Dorea sp.900066555, Eubacterium calanderii Eubacterium callanderi, Eubacterium limosum, Oliverpabstia sp., and Rhizobiaceae nov.From the genus species; more preferably Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium ruminantium, Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Desulfovibrio piger, Dorea Longicatena, Eubacterium callanderi, Eubacterium limosum One or more strains selected from species of the genus *Limosum* and *Rhizobiaceae* nov.; - Agatobacter rectalis / Eubacterium rectale (e.g., DSM 17629), Agatobacter / Roseburia faecis (e.g., DSM 16840), Bacteroides clarus (e.g., DSM 22519, JCM 16067), Bacteroides faecis (e.g., DSM 24798, JCM 16478), Bacteroides uniformis (e.g., DSM 6597, ATCC 8492, JCM 5828), Bariatricus comes (e.g., ATCC 27758), Bifidobacterium adolescentis (e.g., ATCC 15703, DSM 20083, JCM 1251), Collinsella aerofaciens (e.g., ATCC 25986, DSM 3979, JCM 10188), Enterococcus faecalis (e.g., ATCC 29212, DSM 2570), Enterococcus faecium (e.g., ATCC 19434, DSM 10477, JCM 8727), Enterococcus gallinarum (e.g., ATCC 49573, JCM 10188) 8728), Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (e.g., ATCC 7469, DSM 20021, JCM1136), Longicatena sp. (especially those with 16SRNA sequences, such as those shown in SEQ ID NO: 11 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Merdisoma aerosacerifilusFrom the species Aerosacheriphilus (especially those having a 16SRNA sequence such as SEQ ID NO: 10 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Peptostreptococcus stomatis (e.g., DSM 17678, JCM 15636), Roseburia hominis (e.g., DSM 16839), Streptococcus anginosus (e.g., ATCC 33397, DSM 20563, JCM 12993), Sutterella wadsworthensis (e.g., ATCC 51579, DSM 14016); preferably from the species Agathobacter rectalis Eubacterium rectalis, Agathobacter / Roseburia faecis, Bacteroides clarus, Bacteroides uniformis, Bariatricus comes, Collinsella aerofaciens, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus gallinarum, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Peptostreptococcus stomatis, Streptococcus anginosus, and Sutterella wadswosensisFrom the species of wadsworthensis; more preferably Agatobacter rectalis / Eubacterium rectale, Bacteroides uniformis, Bariatricus comes, Collinsella aerofaciens, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus gallinarum, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus / Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Streptococcus anginosus One or more strains selected from the species *anginosus* and *Sutterella wadsworthensis*; and - Intestinibacter bartlettii (e.g., DSM 16795), Terrisporobacter glycolicus (e.g., DSM 1288, ATCC 14880), Terrisporobacter mayombei (e.g., DSM 6539), Clostridium bifermentans (e.g., DSM 14991, JCM 1386), Eubacterium callanderi (e.g., ATCC 49165, DSM 3662, JCM 10284), and Eubacterium limosum (e.g., ATCC 8486, DSM 20543, JCM) 6421, JCM 9978), preferably one or more strains selected from the species Intestinibacter bartlettii.

[0192] In certain embodiments, the consortium according to the present invention includes or comprises: i) Agatobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii and iii): - Anaerobutyricum / Eubacterium hallii (e.g., ATCC 27751, DSM 3353, JCM 31263), Bacteroides clarus (e.g., DSM 22519, JCM 16067), Blautia hydrogenotrophica (e.g., DSM 10507, JCM 14656), Collinsella aerofaciens (e.g., ATCC 25986, DSM 3979, JCM 10188), Coprococcus eutactus (e.g., ATCC 27759), Dorea hormisigenerans formicigenerans) (e.g., ATCC 27755, DSM 3992, JCM 31256), Dorea longicatena (e.g., DSM 13814, JCM 11232), Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum (e.g., ATCC 25582, DSM 1402, JCM 1298), Eubacterium ramulus (e.g., ATCC 29099, DSM 15684, JCM 31355), Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (e.g., DSM 17677, ATCC 27768, ATCC 27766, JCM 31915), Lachnospira (Eubacterium) eligens (e.g., ATCC 27750, DSM 3376), Longicatena sp.From the species Ruminococcus bromii (e.g., ATCC 27255) and Sellimonas intestinalis (e.g., JCM 30749), (especially those having a 16SRNA sequence such as SEQ ID NO: 11 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity thereto); preferably from Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Coprococcus eutactus, Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea Longicatena, Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. From the species *Dorcus prausnitzii*, *Lachnospira eligens*, and *Ruminococcus bromii*; more preferably, one or more strains selected from the species *Dorcus formicigenerans*, *Dorcus longicatena*, *Faecalibacterium prausnitzii*, and *Ruminococcus bromii*. - Acidaminococcus intestini (e.g., DSM 21505), Acutalibacter nov. genus (especially those with 16SRNA sequences, such as those indicated by SEQ ID NO: 9 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Bifidobacterium adolescentis (e.g., ATCC 15703, DSM 20083, JCM 1251), Bifidobacterium catenulatum (e.g., ATCC 27539, DSM 16992, JCM 1194), Bifidobacterium longum (e.g., ATCC 15707, DSM 20219, JCM 1251) 1217), Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum (e.g., ATCC 27919, DSM 20438, JCM 1200), Bifidobacterium ruminantium (e.g., ATCC 49390, DSM 6489), Blautia hydrogenotrophica (e.g., DSM 10507, JCM 14656), Clostridium perfringens (e.g., ATCC 13124, DSM 756), Clostridium E sporosphaeroides (e.g., ATCC 25781, DSM 1294), Clostridium Q *Clostridium symbiosum* (e.g., ATCC 14940, DSM 934, JCM 1297), *Collinsella aerofaciens* (e.g., ATCC 25986, DSM 3979, JCM 10188), *Copromonas* sp.(especially those with 16SRNA sequences, such as those shown in SEQ ID NOs. 2, 4, 8 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Desulfovibrio piger (e.g., ATCC 29098, DSM 749), Dorea formicigenerans (e.g., ATCC 27755, DSM 3992, JCM 31256), Dorea longicatena (e.g., DSM 13814, JCM 11232), Dorea sucindes (Dorea *Eubacterium scindens*, *Dorea* sp. 900066555, *Enterocloster* sp. (especially those with 16SRNA sequences, such as those indicated by SEQ ID NO: 12 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), *Escherichia coli* (e.g., ATCC 11775, DSM 30083, JCM 1649), *Eubacterium callanderi* (e.g., ATCC 49165, DSM 3662, JCM 10284), *Eubacterium limosum* (e.g., ATCC 8486, DSM 20543, JCM 6421, JCM 9978), *Hungatella efulvii* *Hungatella effluvii* (e.g., DSM 24995), *Hungatella A* sp. (especially those with 16SRNA sequences, such as those indicated by SEQ ID NO: 5 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), *Oliverpabstia* sp.(especially those with 16SRNA sequences, such as those indicated by SEQ ID NO: 7 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Peptoniphilus vaginalis (e.g., DSM 101742), Peptostreptococcus anaerobius (e.g., ATCC 27337, DSM 2949), Phocaeicola plebeius (e.g., DSM 17135, JCM 12973), Rhizobiaceae nov.From the genus (especially those having a 16SRNA sequence such as SEQ ID NO: 13 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), species of Ruminoccocus bromii (e.g., ATCC 27255), Sellimonas intestinalis (e.g., JCM 30749), and Veillonella ratti (e.g., ATCC 17746, DSM 20736, JCM 6512); preferably from the species Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Bifidobacterium longum longum), Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium ruminantium, Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Clostridium Q symbiosum, Clostridium E sporosphaeroides, Desulfovibrio piger, Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea Longicatena, Dorea scindens, Dorea sp.900066555, Eubacterium calanderii Eubacterium callanderi, Eubacterium limosum, Oliverpabstia sp., and Rhizobiaceae nov.From species of the genus; more preferably, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium ruminantium, Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Desulfovibrio piger, Dorea Longicatena, Eubacterium callanderi, Eubacterium limosum One or more strains selected from species of the genus *Limosum* and *Rhizobiaceae* nov.; - Agatobacter rectalis / Eubacterium rectale (e.g., DSM 17629), Agatobacter / Roseburia faecis (e.g., DSM 16840), Bacteroides clarus (e.g., DSM 22519, JCM 16067), Bacteroides faecis (e.g., DSM 24798, JCM 16478), Bacteroides uniformis (e.g., DSM 6597, ATCC 8492, JCM 5828), Bariatricus comes (e.g., ATCC 27758), Bifidobacterium adolescentis (e.g., ATCC 15703, DSM 20083, JCM 1251), Collinsella aerofaciens (e.g., ATCC 25986, DSM 3979, JCM 10188), Enterococcus faecalis (e.g., ATCC 29212, DSM 2570), Enterococcus faecium (e.g., ATCC 19434, DSM 10477, JCM 8727), Enterococcus gallinarum (e.g., ATCC 49573, JCM 10188) 8728), Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (e.g., ATCC 7469, DSM 20021, JCM1136), Longicatena sp. (especially those with 16SRNA sequences, such as those shown in SEQ ID NO: 11 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Merdisoma aerosacerifilusFrom the species Aerosacheriphilus (especially those having a 16SRNA sequence such as SEQ ID NO: 10 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Peptostreptococcus stomatis (e.g., DSM 17678, JCM 15636), Roseburia hominis (e.g., DSM 16839), Streptococcus anginosus (e.g., ATCC 33397, DSM 20563, JCM 12993), Sutterella wadsworthensis (e.g., ATCC 51579, DSM 14016); preferably from the species Agathobacter rectalis Eubacterium rectalis, Agathobacter / Roseburia faecis, Bacteroides clarus, Bacteroides uniformis, Bariatricus comes, Collinsella aerofaciens, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus gallinarum, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Peptostreptococcus stomatis, Streptococcus anginosus, and Sutterella wadswosensisFrom the species of wadsworthensis; more preferably, Agatobacter rectalis / Eubacterium rectale, Bacteroides uniformis, Bariatricus comes, Collinsella aerofaciens, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus gallinarum, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus / Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Streptococcus anginosus One or more strains selected from the species *anginosus* and *Sutterella wadsworthensis*; and - One or more strains selected from the species Blautia hydrogenotrophica (e.g., DSM 10507, JCM 14656), Eubacterium callanderi (e.g., ATCC 49165, DSM 3662, JCM 10284), and Eubacterium limosum (e.g., ATCC 8486, DSM 20543, JCM 6421, JCM 9978), preferably from the species Blautia hydrogenotrophica.

[0193] In some embodiments, such a consortium further includes: iv) - Agatobacter / Rosebura feacis (e.g., DSM 16840), Anaerostipes hadrus (e.g., ATCC 29173, DSM 3319), Anaerotignum lactatifermentans (e.g., DSM 14214), Eubacterium ramulus (e.g., ATCC 29099, DSM 15684, JCM 31355), Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (e.g., ATCC 27768, ATCC 27766, DSM 17677, JCM) One or more strains selected from the species Roseburia hominis (e.g., DSM 16839) and Roseburia intestinalis (e.g., DSM 14610, CIP 107878, JCM 31262); - One or more strains selected from Eubacterium callanderi (DSM 755, JCM 1380), Eubacterium limosum (e.g., ATCC 8486, DSM 20543, JCM 6421), and Eubacterium ramulus (e.g., ATCC 29099, DSM 15684, JCM 31355); - One or more strains selected from the species Acidaminococcus intestine, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Flavonifractor plautii (e.g., ATCC 29863, DSM 4000), Flintibacter butyricum (e.g., DSM 27579), Longicatena nov. sp., and Roseburia intestinalis.

[0194] In particular, such consortia do not include strains of the genus Clostridium.

[0195] Preferably, such a consortium is - Selected from the species Anaerotignum nov sp., Clostridium E sporosphaeroides, Coprococcus A catus, Frisingococcus sp., Veillonella atypica, Veillonella parvula subsp. parvula, and Veillonella ratti; preferably, one or more strains selected from the genera Anaerotignum, Clostridium E, Coprococcus A, Frisingococcus, and Veillonella. It does not include; more preferably, this consortium does not include strains capable of converting lactate to propionate; and / or - From the species Anaerotignum lactatifermentans (e.g., DSM 14214), Anaerotignum sp000436415, Bacteroides fragilis (e.g., ATCC 25285, DSM 2151, JCM 11019), Phocaeicola vulgatus (e.g., ATCC 8482, DSM 1447, JCM 5826) and Veillonella ratti (e.g., ATCC 17746, DSM 20736, JCM 6512); preferably from the species Bacteroides fragilis (e.g., ATCC 25285, DSM Selected from the species Phocaeicola vulgatus (e.g., ATCC 8482, DSM 1447, JCM 5826) (2151, JCM 11019); preferably one or more strains selected from the genera Anaerotignum, Bacteroides, Phocaeicola and Veillonella. It does not include; more preferably, this consortium does not include strains capable of converting primary substrates to propionates.

[0196] In certain embodiments, the consortium according to the present invention includes or comprises: i) Agatobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii and iii): - Anaerobutyricum / Eubacterium hallii (e.g., ATCC 27751, DSM 3353, JCM 31263), Bacteroides clarus (e.g., DSM 22519, JCM 16067), Blautia hydrogenotrophica (e.g., DSM 10507, JCM 14656), Collinsella aerofaciens (e.g., ATCC 25986, DSM 3979, JCM 10188), Coprococcus eutactus (e.g., ATCC 27759), Dorea hormisigenerans formicigenerans) (e.g., ATCC 27755, DSM 3992, JCM 31256), Dorea Longicatena (e.g., DSM 13814, JCM 11232), Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum (e.g., ATCC 25582, DSM 1402, JCM 1298), Eubacterium ramulus (e.g., ATCC 29099, DSM 15684, JCM 31355), Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (e.g., DSM 17677, ATCC 27768, ATCC 27766, JCM 31915), Lachnospira (Eubacterium) eligens (e.g., ATCC 27750, DSM 3376), Longicatena sp.(especially those with 16SRNA sequences, such as those shown in SEQ ID NO: 11 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Ruminococcus bromii (e.g., ATCC 27255) and Sellimonas intestinalis (- Anaerobutyricum / Eubacterium hallii) (e.g., ATCC 27751, DSM 3353, JCM 31263), Bacteroides clarus (e.g., DSM 22519, JCM 16067), Blautia hydrogenotrophica (e.g., DSM 10507, JCM 14656), Collinsella aerofaciens (e.g., ATCC 25986, DSM 3979, JCM 10188), Coprococcus eutactus (e.g., ATCC 27759), Dorea formicigenerans (e.g., ATCC 27755, DSM 3992, JCM 31256), Dorea Longicatena (e.g., DSM 13814, JCM 11232), Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum (e.g., ATCC 25582, DSM 1402, JCM 1298), Eubacterium ramus * ramulus* (e.g., ATCC 29099, DSM 15684, JCM 31355), * Faecalibacterium prausnitzii* (e.g., DSM 17677, ATCC 27768, ATCC 27766, JCM 31915), * Lachnospira (Eubacterium) eligens* (e.g., ATCC 27750, DSM 3376), * Longicatena* sp.From the species Ruminococcus bromii (e.g., ATCC 27255) and Sellimonas intestinalis (e.g., JCM 30749), (especially those having a 16SRNA sequence such as SEQ ID NO: 11 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity thereto); preferably from Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Coprococcus eutactus, Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea Longicatena, Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. From the species *Dorcus prausnitzii*, *Lachnospira eligens*, and *Ruminococcus bromii*; more preferably, one or more strains selected from the species *Dorcus formicigenerans*, *Dorcus longicatena*, *Faecalibacterium prausnitzii*, and *Ruminococcus bromii*. - Acidaminococcus intestini (e.g., DSM 21505), Acutalibacter nov. genus (especially those with 16SRNA sequences, such as those indicated by SEQ ID NO: 9 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Bifidobacterium adolescentis (e.g., ATCC 15703, DSM 20083, JCM 1251), Bifidobacterium catenulatum (e.g., ATCC 27539, DSM 16992, JCM 1194), Bifidobacterium longum (e.g., ATCC 15707, DSM 20219, JCM 1251) 1217), Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum (e.g., ATCC 27919, DSM 20438, JCM 1200), Bifidobacterium ruminantium (e.g., ATCC 49390, DSM 6489), Blautia hydrogenotrophica (e.g., DSM 10507, JCM 14656), Clostridium perfringens (e.g., ATCC 13124, DSM 756), Clostridium E sporosphaeroides (e.g., ATCC 25781, DSM 1294), Clostridium Q *Clostridium symbiosum* (e.g., ATCC 14940, DSM 934, JCM 1297), *Collinsella aerofaciens* (e.g., ATCC 25986, DSM 3979, JCM 10188), *Copromonas* sp.(especially those having 16SRNA sequences such as those indicated by SEQ ID NOs. 2, 3, 4, or 8 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Desulfovibrio piger (e.g., ATCC 29098, DSM 749), Dorea formicigenerans (e.g., ATCC 27755, DSM 3992, JCM 31256), Dorea longicatena (e.g., DSM 13814, JCM 11232), Dorea sucindes (Dorea *Eubacterium scindens*, *Dorea* sp. 900066555, *Enterocloster* sp. (especially those with 16SRNA sequences, such as those indicated by SEQ ID NO: 12 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), *Escherichia coli* (e.g., ATCC 11775, DSM 30083, JCM 1649), *Eubacterium callanderi* (e.g., ATCC 49165, DSM 3662, JCM 10284), *Eubacterium limosum* (e.g., ATCC 8486, DSM 20543, JCM 6421, JCM 9978), *Hungatella efulvii* *Hungatella effluvii* (e.g., DSM 24995), *Hungatella A* sp. (especially those with 16SRNA sequences, such as those indicated by SEQ ID NO: 5 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), *Oliverpabstia* sp.(especially those with 16SRNA sequences, such as those indicated by SEQ ID NO: 7 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Peptoniphilus vaginalis (e.g., DSM 101742), Peptostreptococcus anaerobius (e.g., ATCC 27337, DSM 2949), Phocaeicola plebeius (e.g., DSM 17135, JCM 12973), Rhizobiaceae nov.From the genus (especially those having a 16SRNA sequence such as SEQ ID NO: 13 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), species of Ruminoccocus bromii (e.g., ATCC 27255), Sellimonas intestinalis (e.g., JCM 30749), and Veillonella ratti (e.g., ATCC 17746, DSM 20736, JCM 6512); preferably from the species Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Bifidobacterium longum longum), Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium ruminantium, Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Clostridium Q symbiosum, Clostridium E sporosphaeroides, Desulfovibrio piger, Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea Longicatena, Dorea scindens, Dorea sp.900066555, Eubacterium calanderii Eubacterium callanderi, Eubacterium limosum, Oliverpabstia sp., and Rhizobiaceae nov.From the genus species; more preferably Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium ruminantium, Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Desulfovibrio piger, Dorea Longicatena, Eubacterium callanderi, Eubacterium limosum One or more strains selected from species of the genus *Limosum* and *Rhizobiaceae* nov.; - Agatobacter rectalis / Eubacterium rectale (e.g., DSM 17629), Agatobacter / Roseburia faecis (e.g., DSM 16840), Bacteroides clarus (e.g., DSM 22519, JCM 16067), Bacteroides faecis (e.g., DSM 24798, JCM 16478), Bacteroides uniformis (e.g., DSM 6597, ATCC 8492, JCM 5828), Bariatricus comes (e.g., ATCC 27758), Bifidobacterium adolescentis (e.g., ATCC 15703, DSM 20083, JCM 1251), Collinsella aerofaciens (e.g., ATCC 25986, DSM 3979, JCM 10188), Enterococcus faecalis (e.g., ATCC 29212, DSM 2570), Enterococcus faecium (e.g., ATCC 19434, DSM 10477, JCM 8727), Enterococcus gallinarum (e.g., ATCC 49573, JCM 10188) 8728), Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (e.g., ATCC 7469, DSM 20021, JCM1136), Longicatena sp. (especially those with 16SRNA sequences, such as those shown in SEQ ID NO: 11 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Merdisoma aerosacerifilusFrom the species Aerosacheriphilus (especially those having a 16SRNA sequence such as SEQ ID NO: 10 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Peptostreptococcus stomatis (e.g., DSM 17678, JCM 15636), Roseburia hominis (e.g., DSM 16839), Streptococcus anginosus (e.g., ATCC 33397, DSM 20563, JCM 12993), Sutterella wadsworthensis (e.g., ATCC 51579, DSM 14016); preferably from the species Agathobacter rectalis Eubacterium rectalis, Agathobacter / Roseburia faecis, Bacteroides clarus, Bacteroides uniformis, Bariatricus comes, Collinsella aerofaciens, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus gallinarum, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Peptostreptococcus stomatis, Streptococcus anginosus, and Sutterella wadswosensisFrom the species of wadsworthensis; more preferably, Agatobacter rectalis / Eubacterium rectale, Bacteroides uniformis, Bariatricus comes, Collinsella aerofaciens, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus gallinarum, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus / Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Streptococcus anginosus One or more strains selected from the species *Anginosus* and *Sutterella wadsworthensis*; - Actalibacter nov genus (especially those with 16SRNA sequences, such as those shown in SEQ ID NO: 9 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Bacteroides faecis (e.g., DSM 24798, JCM 16478), Bacteroides fragilis (e.g., ATCC 25285, DSM 2151, JCM 11019), Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (e.g., ATCC 29148, DSM 2079, JCM 5827), Bacteroides xylanisolvens (e.g., DSM 18836, JCM 16478) 15633), Oliverpabstia sp. (especially those with 16SRNA sequences, such as those indicated by SEQ ID NO: 7 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Bacteroides faecis (e.g., DSM 24798, JCM 16478), Parabacteroides distasonis (e.g., ATCC 8503, DSM 20701), Phocaeicola dorei (e.g., DSM 17855, JCM 13471), Phocaeicola plebeius (e.g., DSM 17135, JCM 12973), Phocaeicola bulgatus (Phocaeicola From *Prevotella vulgatus* (e.g., ATCC 8482, DSM 1447, JCM 5826) and *Prevotella copri* (e.g., DSM 18205, JCM 13464);Preferably from species of the genus Acutalibacter nov, Bacteroides faecis, Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides xylanisolvens, Parabacteroides distasonis, Phocaeicola dorei, Phocaeicola plebeius, Phocaeicola vulgatus and Prevotella copri; more preferably from species of the genus Acutalibacter nov, Bacteroides faecis One or more strains selected from the species Bacteroides faecis, Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides xylanisolvens, Phocaeicola plebeius, Phocaeicola vulgatus, and Prevotella copri; - Intestinibacter bartlettii (e.g., DSM 16795), Terrisporobacter glycolicus (e.g., DSM 1288, ATCC 14880), Terrisporobacter mayombei (e.g., DSM 6539), Clostridium bifermentans (e.g., DSM 14991, JCM 1386), Blautia hydrogenotrophica (e.g., DSM 10507, JCM 14656), Eubacterium callanderi (e.g., ATCC 49165, DSM 3662, JCM) 10284) and one or more strains selected from the species Eubacterium limosum (e.g., ATCC 8486, DSM 20543, JCM 6421, JCM 9978), preferably Intestinibacter bartlettii or Blautia hydrogenotrophica; and - Dialister hominis (e.g., DSM 109768), Dialister invisus (e.g., DSM 15470, JCM 17566), Flavonifractor plautii (e.g., ATCC 29863, DSM 4000), Phascolarctobacterium faecium (e.g., DSM 14760), Phascolarctobacterium A succinatutens (e.g., DSM 22533), Veillonella parvula subsp. parvula (e.g., DSM 2008), and Veillonella latti From ratti) (e.g., ATCC 17746, DSM 20736, JCM 6512), one or more strains preferably selected from the species Dialister hominis, Dialister invisus, Flavonifractor plautii, Phascolarctobacterium faecium, and Phascolarctobacterium A succinatutens.

[0197] In certain embodiments, the consortium according to the present invention includes or comprises: i) Agatobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii and iii): - Anaerobutyricum / Eubacterium hallii (e.g., ATCC 27751, DSM 3353, JCM 31263), Bacteroides clarus (e.g., DSM 22519, JCM 16067), Blautia hydrogenotrophica (e.g., DSM 10507, JCM 14656), Collinsella aerofaciens (e.g., ATCC 25986, DSM 3979, JCM 10188), Coprococcus eutactus (e.g., ATCC 27759), Dorea hormisigenerans formicigenerans) (e.g., ATCC 27755, DSM 3992, JCM 31256), Dorea Longicatena (e.g., DSM 13814, JCM 11232), Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum (e.g., ATCC 25582, DSM 1402, JCM 1298), Eubacterium ramulus (e.g., ATCC 29099, DSM 15684, JCM 31355), Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (e.g., DSM 17677, ATCC 27768, ATCC 27766, JCM 31915), Lachnospira (Eubacterium) eligens (e.g., ATCC 27750, DSM 3376), Longicatena sp.From the species Ruminococcus bromii (e.g., ATCC 27255) and Sellimonas intestinalis (e.g., JCM 30749), (especially those having a 16SRNA sequence such as SEQ ID NO: 11 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity thereto); preferably from Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Coprococcus eutactus, Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea Longicatena, Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. From the species *Dorcus prausnitzii*, *Lachnospira eligens*, and *Ruminococcus bromii*; more preferably, one or more strains selected from the species *Dorcus formicigenerans*, *Dorcus longicatena*, *Faecalibacterium prausnitzii*, and *Ruminococcus bromii*. - Acidaminococcus intestini (e.g., DSM 21505), Acutalibacter nov. genus (especially those with 16SRNA sequences, such as those indicated by SEQ ID NO: 9 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Bifidobacterium adolescentis (e.g., ATCC 15703, DSM 20083, JCM 1251), Bifidobacterium catenulatum (e.g., ATCC 27539, DSM 16992, JCM 1194), Bifidobacterium longum (e.g., ATCC 15707, DSM 20219, JCM 1251) 1217), Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum (e.g., ATCC 27919, DSM 20438, JCM 1200), Bifidobacterium ruminantium (e.g., ATCC 49390, DSM 6489), Blautia hydrogenotrophica (e.g., DSM 10507, JCM 14656), Clostridium perfringens (e.g., ATCC 13124, DSM 756), Clostridium E sporosphaeroides (e.g., ATCC 25781, DSM 1294), Clostridium Q *Clostridium symbiosum* (e.g., ATCC 14940, DSM 934, JCM 1297), *Collinsella aerofaciens* (e.g., ATCC 25986, DSM 3979, JCM 10188), *Copromonas* sp.(especially those with 16SRNA sequences, such as those shown in SEQ ID NOs. 2, 4, 8 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Desulfovibrio piger (e.g., ATCC 29098, DSM 749), Dorea formicigenerans (e.g., ATCC 27755, DSM 3992, JCM 31256), Dorea longicatena (e.g., DSM 13814, JCM 11232), Dorea sucindes (Dorea *Eubacterium scindens*, *Dorea* sp. 900066555, *Enterocloster* sp. (especially those with 16SRNA sequences, such as those indicated by SEQ ID NO: 12 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), *Escherichia coli* (e.g., ATCC 11775, DSM 30083, JCM 1649), *Eubacterium callanderi* (e.g., ATCC 49165, DSM 3662, JCM 10284), *Eubacterium limosum* (e.g., ATCC 8486, DSM 20543, JCM 6421, JCM 9978), *Hungatella efulvii* *Hungatella effluvii* (e.g., DSM 24995), *Hungatella A* sp. (especially those with 16SRNA sequences, such as those indicated by SEQ ID NO: 5 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), *Oliverpabstia* sp.(especially those with 16SRNA sequences, such as those indicated by SEQ ID NO: 7 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Peptoniphilus vaginalis (e.g., DSM 101742), Peptostreptococcus anaerobius (e.g., ATCC 27337, DSM 2949), Phocaeicola plebeius (e.g., DSM 17135, JCM 12973), Rhizobiaceae nov.From the genus (especially those having a 16SRNA sequence such as SEQ ID NO: 13 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), species of Ruminoccocus bromii (e.g., ATCC 27255), Sellimonas intestinalis (e.g., JCM 30749), and Veillonella ratti (e.g., ATCC 17746, DSM 20736, JCM 6512); preferably from the species Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Bifidobacterium longum longum), Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium ruminantium, Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Clostridium Q symbiosum, Clostridium E sporosphaeroides, Desulfovibrio piger, Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea Longicatena, Dorea scindens, Dorea sp.900066555, Eubacterium calanderii Eubacterium callanderi, Eubacterium limosum, Oliverpabstia sp., and Rhizobiaceae nov.From species of the genus; more preferably, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium ruminantium, Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Desulfovibrio piger, Dorea Longicatena, Eubacterium callanderi, Eubacterium limosum One or more strains selected from species of the genus *Limosum* and *Rhizobiaceae* nov.; - Agatobacter rectalis / Eubacterium rectale (e.g., DSM 17629), Agatobacter / Roseburia faecis (e.g., DSM 16840), Bacteroides clarus (e.g., DSM 22519, JCM 16067), Bacteroides faecis (e.g., DSM 24798, JCM 16478), Bacteroides uniformis (e.g., DSM 6597, ATCC 8492, JCM 5828), Bariatricus comes (e.g., ATCC 27758), Bifidobacterium adolescentis (e.g., ATCC 15703, DSM 20083, JCM 1251), Collinsella aerofaciens (e.g., ATCC 25986, DSM 3979, JCM 10188), Enterococcus faecalis (e.g., ATCC 29212, DSM 2570), Enterococcus faecium (e.g., ATCC 19434, DSM 10477, JCM 8727), Enterococcus gallinarum (e.g., ATCC 49573, JCM 10188) 8728), Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (e.g., ATCC 7469, DSM 20021, JCM1136), Longicatena sp. (especially those with 16SRNA sequences, such as those shown in SEQ ID NO: 11 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Merdisoma aerosacerifilusFrom Aerosacheriphilus (especially those having a 16SRNA sequence such as SEQ ID NO: 10 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Peptostreptococcus stomatis (e.g., DSM 17678, JCM 15636), Roseburia hominis (e.g., DSM 16839), Streptococcus anginosus (e.g., ATCC 33397, DSM 20563, JCM 12993), Sutterella wadsworthensis (e.g., ATCC 51579, DSM 14016); preferably from the species Agatobacter rectalis. Eubacterium rectalis, Agathobacter / Roseburia faecis, Bacteroides clarus, Bacteroides uniformis, Bariatricus comes, Collinsella aerofaciens, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus gallinarum, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Peptostreptococcus stomatis, Streptococcus anginosus, and Sutterella wadswosensisFrom the species of wadsworthensis; more preferably, Agatobacter rectalis / Eubacterium rectale, Bacteroides uniformis, Bariatricus comes, Collinsella aerofaciens, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus gallinarum, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus / Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Streptococcus anginosus One or more strains selected from the species *Anginosus* and *Sutterella wadsworthensis*; - Actalibacter nov genus (especially those with 16SRNA sequences, such as those shown in SEQ ID NO: 9 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Bacteroides faecis (e.g., DSM 24798, JCM 16478), Bacteroides fragilis (e.g., ATCC 25285, DSM 2151, JCM 11019), Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (e.g., ATCC 29148, DSM 2079, JCM 5827), Bacteroides xylanisolvens (e.g., DSM 18836, JCM 16478) 15633), Oliverpabstia sp. (especially those with 16SRNA sequences, such as those indicated by SEQ ID NO: 7 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Bacteroides faecis (e.g., DSM 24798, JCM 16478), Parabacteroides distasonis (e.g., ATCC 8503, DSM 20701), Phocaeicola dorei (e.g., DSM 17855, JCM 13471), Phocaeicola plebeius (e.g., DSM 17135, JCM 12973), Phocaeicola bulgatus (Phocaeicola From *Prevotella vulgatus* (e.g., ATCC 8482, DSM 1447, JCM 5826) and *Prevotella copri* (e.g., DSM 18205, JCM 13464);Preferably from species of the genus Acutalibacter nov, Bacteroides faecis, Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides xylanisolvens, Parabacteroides distasonis, Phocaeicola dorei, Phocaeicola plebeius, Phocaeicola vulgatus and Prevotella copri; more preferably from species of the genus Acutalibacter nov, Bacteroides faecis One or more strains selected from the species Bacteroides faecis, Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides xylanisolvens, Phocaeicola plebeius, Phocaeicola vulgatus, and Prevotella copri; - Intestinibacter bartlettii (e.g., DSM 16795), Terrisporobacter glycolicus (e.g., DSM 1288, ATCC 14880), Terrisporobacter mayombei (e.g., DSM 6539), Clostridium bifermentans (e.g., DSM 14991, JCM 1386), Eubacterium callanderi (e.g., ATCC 49165, DSM 3662, JCM 10284), and Eubacterium limosum (e.g., ATCC 8486, DSM 20543, JCM 6421, JCM) 9978), preferably one or more strains selected from the species Intestinibacter bartlettii; and - Dialister hominis (e.g., DSM 109768), Dialister invisus (e.g., DSM 15470, JCM 17566), Flavonifractor plautii (e.g., ATCC 29863, DSM 4000), Phascolarctobacterium faecium (e.g., DSM 14760), Phascolarctobacterium A succinatutens (e.g., DSM 22533), Veillonella parvula subsp. parvula (e.g., DSM 2008), and Veillonella latti From ratti) (e.g., ATCC 17746, DSM 20736, JCM 6512), one or more strains preferably selected from the species Dialister hominis, Dialister invisus, Flavonifractor plautii, Phascolarctobacterium faecium, and Phascolarctobacterium A succinatutens.

[0198] In certain embodiments, the consortium according to the present invention includes or comprises: i) Agatobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii and iii): - Anaerobutyricum / Eubacterium hallii (e.g., ATCC 27751, DSM 3353, JCM 31263), Bacteroides clarus (e.g., DSM 22519, JCM 16067), Blautia hydrogenotrophica (e.g., DSM 10507, JCM 14656), Collinsella aerofaciens (e.g., ATCC 25986, DSM 3979, JCM 10188), Coprococcus eutactus (e.g., ATCC 27759), Dorea hormisigenerans formicigenerans) (e.g., ATCC 27755, DSM 3992, JCM 31256), Dorea Longicatena (e.g., DSM 13814, JCM 11232), Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum (e.g., ATCC 25582, DSM 1402, JCM 1298), Eubacterium ramulus (e.g., ATCC 29099, DSM 15684, JCM 31355), Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (e.g., DSM 17677, ATCC 27768, ATCC 27766, JCM 31915), Lachnospira (Eubacterium) eligens (e.g., ATCC 27750, DSM 3376), Longicatena sp.From the species Ruminococcus bromii (e.g., ATCC 27255) and Sellimonas intestinalis (e.g., JCM 30749), (especially those having a 16SRNA sequence such as SEQ ID NO: 11 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity thereto); preferably from Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Coprococcus eutactus, Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea longicatena, Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. From the species *Dorcus prausnitzii*, *Lachnospira eligens*, and *Ruminococcus bromii*; more preferably, one or more strains selected from the species *Dorcus formicigenerans*, *Dorcus longicatena*, *Faecalibacterium prausnitzii*, and *Ruminococcus bromii*. - Acidaminococcus intestini (e.g., DSM 21505), Acutalibacter nov. genus (especially those with 16SRNA sequences, such as those indicated by SEQ ID NO: 9 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Bifidobacterium adolescentis (e.g., ATCC 15703, DSM 20083, JCM 1251), Bifidobacterium catenulatum (e.g., ATCC 27539, DSM 16992, JCM 1194), Bifidobacterium longum (e.g., ATCC 15707, DSM 20219, JCM 1251) 1217), Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum (e.g., ATCC 27919, DSM 20438, JCM 1200), Bifidobacterium ruminantium (e.g., ATCC 49390, DSM 6489), Blautia hydrogenotrophica (e.g., DSM 10507, JCM 14656), Clostridium perfringens (e.g., ATCC 13124, DSM 756), Clostridium E sporosphaeroides (e.g., ATCC 25781, DSM 1294), Clostridium Q *Clostridium symbiosum* (e.g., ATCC 14940, DSM 934, JCM 1297), *Collinsella aerofaciens* (e.g., ATCC 25986, DSM 3979, JCM 10188), *Copromonas* sp.(especially those with 16SRNA sequences, such as those shown in SEQ ID NOs. 2, 4, 8 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Desulfovibrio piger (e.g., ATCC 29098, DSM 749), Dorea formicigenerans (e.g., ATCC 27755, DSM 3992, JCM 31256), Dorea longicatena (e.g., DSM 13814, JCM 11232), Dorea sucindes (Dorea *Eubacterium scindens*, *Dorea* sp. 900066555, *Enterocloster* sp. (especially those with 16SRNA sequences, such as those indicated by SEQ ID NO: 12 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), *Escherichia coli* (e.g., ATCC 11775, DSM 30083, JCM 1649), *Eubacterium callanderi* (e.g., ATCC 49165, DSM 3662, JCM 10284), *Eubacterium limosum* (e.g., ATCC 8486, DSM 20543, JCM 6421, JCM 9978), *Hungatella efulvii* *Hungatella effluvii* (e.g., DSM 24995), *Hungatella A* sp. (especially those with 16SRNA sequences, such as those indicated by SEQ ID NO: 5 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), *Oliverpabstia* sp.(especially those with 16SRNA sequences, such as those indicated by SEQ ID NO: 7 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Peptoniphilus vaginalis (e.g., DSM 101742), Peptostreptococcus anaerobius (e.g., ATCC 27337, DSM 2949), Phocaeicola plebeius (e.g., DSM 17135, JCM 12973), Rhizobiaceae nov.From the genus (especially those having a 16SRNA sequence such as SEQ ID NO: 13 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), species of Ruminoccocus bromii (e.g., ATCC 27255), Sellimonas intestinalis (e.g., JCM 30749), and Veillonella ratti (e.g., ATCC 17746, DSM 20736, JCM 6512); preferably from the species Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Bifidobacterium longum longum), Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium ruminantium, Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Clostridium Q symbiosum, Clostridium E sporosphaeroides, Desulfovibrio piger, Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea longicatena, Dorea scindens, Dorea sp.900066555, Eubacterium calanderii Eubacterium callanderi, Eubacterium limosum, Oliverpabstia sp., and Rhizobiaceae nov.From species of the genus; more preferably, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium ruminantium, Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Desulfovibrio piger, Dorea longicatena, Eubacterium callanderi, Eubacterium limosum One or more strains selected from species of the genus *Limosum* and *Rhizobiaceae* nov.; - Agatobacter rectalis / Eubacterium rectale (e.g., DSM 17629), Agatobacter / Roseburia faecis (e.g., DSM 16840), Bacteroides clarus (e.g., DSM 22519, JCM 16067), Bacteroides faecis (e.g., DSM 24798, JCM 16478), Bacteroides uniformis (e.g., DSM 6597, ATCC 8492, JCM 5828), Bariatricus comes (e.g., ATCC 27758), Bifidobacterium adolescentis (e.g., ATCC 15703, DSM 20083, JCM 1251), Collinsella aerofaciens (e.g., ATCC 25986, DSM 3979, JCM 10188), Enterococcus faecalis (e.g., ATCC 29212, DSM 2570), Enterococcus faecium (e.g., ATCC 19434, DSM 10477, JCM 8727), Enterococcus gallinarum (e.g., ATCC 49573, JCM 10188) 8728), Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (e.g., ATCC 7469, DSM 20021, JCM1136), Longicatena sp. (especially those with 16SRNA sequences, such as those shown in SEQ ID NO: 11 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Merdisoma aerosacerifilusFrom the species Aerosacheriphilus (especially those having a 16SRNA sequence such as SEQ ID NO: 10 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Peptostreptococcus stomatis (e.g., DSM 17678, JCM 15636), Roseburia hominis (e.g., DSM 16839), Streptococcus anginosus (e.g., ATCC 33397, DSM 20563, JCM 12993), Sutterella wadsworthensis (e.g., ATCC 51579, DSM 14016); preferably from the species Agathobacter rectalis Eubacterium rectalis, Agathobacter / Roseburia faecis, Bacteroides clarus, Bacteroides uniformis, Bariatricus comes, Collinsella aerofaciens, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus gallinarum, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Peptostreptococcus stomatis, Streptococcus anginosus, and Sutterella wadswosensisFrom the species of wadsworthensis; more preferably, Agatobacter rectalis / Eubacterium rectale, Bacteroides uniformis, Bariatricus comes, Collinsella aerofaciens, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus gallinarum, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus / Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Streptococcus anginosus One or more strains selected from the species *Anginosus* and *Sutterella wadsworthensis*; - Actalibacter nov genus (especially those with 16SRNA sequences, such as those shown in SEQ ID NO: 9 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Bacteroides faecis (e.g., DSM 24798, JCM 16478), Bacteroides fragilis (e.g., ATCC 25285, DSM 2151, JCM 11019), Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (e.g., ATCC 29148, DSM 2079, JCM 5827), Bacteroides xylanisolvens (e.g., DSM 18836, JCM 16478) 15633), Oliverpabstia sp. (especially those with 16SRNA sequences, such as those indicated by SEQ ID NO: 7 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Bacteroides faecis (e.g., DSM 24798, JCM 16478), Parabacteroides distasonis (e.g., ATCC 8503, DSM 20701), Phocaeicola dorei (e.g., DSM 17855, JCM 13471), Phocaeicola plebeius (e.g., DSM 17135, JCM 12973), Phocaeicola bulgatus (Phocaeicola From *Prevotella vulgatus* (e.g., ATCC 8482, DSM 1447, JCM 5826) and *Prevotella copri* (e.g., DSM 18205, JCM 13464);Preferably from species of the genus Acutalibacter nov, Bacteroides faecis, Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides xylanisolvens, Parabacteroides distasonis, Phocaeicola dorei, Phocaeicola plebeius, Phocaeicola vulgatus and Prevotella copri; more preferably from species of the genus Acutalibacter nov, Bacteroides faecis One or more strains selected from the species Bacteroides faecis, Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides xylanisolvens, Phocaeicola plebeius, Phocaeicola vulgatus, and Prevotella copri; - One or more strains selected from the species Blautia hydrogenotrophica (e.g., DSM 10507, JCM 14656), Eubacterium callanderi (e.g., ATCC 49165, DSM 3662, JCM 10284), and Eubacterium limosum (e.g., ATCC 8486, DSM 20543, JCM 6421, JCM 9978), preferably from the species Blautia hydrogenotrophica; and - Dialister hominis (e.g., DSM 109768), Dialister invisus (e.g., DSM 15470, JCM 17566), Flavonifractor plautii (e.g., ATCC 29863, DSM 4000), Phascolarctobacterium faecium (e.g., DSM 14760), Phascolarctobacterium A succinatutens (e.g., DSM 22533), Veillonella parvula subsp. parvula (e.g., DSM 2008), and Veillonella latti From ratti) (e.g., ATCC 17746, DSM 20736, JCM 6512), one or more strains preferably selected from the species Dialister hominis, Dialister invisus, Flavonifractor plautii, Phascolarctobacterium faecium, and Phascolarctobacterium A succinatutens.

[0199] In some embodiments, such a consortium further includes: iv) - Agatobacter / Rosebura feacis (e.g., DSM 16840), Anaerostipes hadrus (e.g., ATCC 29173, DSM 3319), Anaerotignum lactatifermentans (e.g., DSM 14214), Eubacterium ramulus (e.g., ATCC 29099, DSM 15684, JCM 31355), Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (e.g., ATCC 27768, ATCC 27766, DSM 17677, JCM) One or more strains selected from the species Roseburia hominis (e.g., DSM 16839) and Roseburia intestinalis (e.g., DSM 14610, CIP 107878, JCM 31262); - One or more strains selected from Eubacterium callanderi (e.g., DSM 755, JCM 1380), Eubacterium limosum (e.g., ATCC 8486, DSM 20543, JCM 6421), and Eubacterium ramulus (e.g., ATCC 29099, DSM 15684, JCM 31355); - One or several strains selected from the species Acidaminococcus intestine, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Flavonifractor plautii (e.g., ATCC 29863, DSM 4000), Flintibacter butyricum (e.g., DSM 27579), Longicatena nov.sp., Roseburia intestinalis.

[0200] In particular, such a consortium does not contain strains of the genus Clostridium.

[0201] Preferably, such a consortium - From the species Anaerotignum nov sp., Clostridium_E sporosphaeroides, Coprococcus_A catus, Frisingococcus sp., Veillonella atypica, Veillonella parvula subsp.parvula, and Veillonella ratti; preferably does not contain one or more strains selected from the genera Anaerotignum, Clostridium_E, Coprococcus_A, Frisingococcus, and Veillonella; even more preferably, the consortium does not contain strains capable of converting lactate to propionate; and / or - From the species Anaerotignum lactatifermentans (e.g., DSM 14214), Anaerotignum sp000436415, Bacteroides fragilis (e.g., ATCC 25285, DSM 2151, JCM 11019), Phocaeicola vulgatus (e.g., ATCC 8482, DSM 1447, JCM 5826) and Veillonella ratti (e.g., ATCC 17746, DSM 20736, JCM 6512); preferably from the species Bacteroides fragilis (e.g., ATCC 25285, DSM Selected from the species Phocaeicola vulgatus (e.g., ATCC 8482, DSM 1447, JCM 5826) (2151, JCM 11019); preferably not including one or more strains selected from the genera Anaerotignum, Bacteroides, Phocaeicola and Veillonella; more preferably, the consortium does not include strains capable of converting primary substrates to propionates.

[0202] In certain embodiments, the consortium according to the present invention includes or comprises i) Agatobacter rectalis, ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, and iii) bacteria of the genus Ruminococcus; Bifidobacterium; Lactobacillus; Blautia; Phascolarctobacterium and Bacteroides or Prevotella.

[0203] In particular, such consortia do not include strains of the genus Clostridium.

[0204] Preferably, such a consortium is - Anaerotignum nov sp., Clostridium E sporosphaeroides, Coprococcus A catus, Frisingococcus sp., Veillonella atypica, Veillonella parvula subsp. parvula, and Veillonella ratti Selected from the species of ratti; preferably not including one or more strains selected from the genera Anaerotignum, Clostridium E, Coprococcus A, Frisingococcus, and Veillonella; more preferably the consortium does not include strains capable of converting lactat to propionate; and / or - From the species Anaerotignum lactatifermentans (e.g., DSM 14214), Anaerotignum sp000436415, Bacteroides fragilis (e.g., ATCC 25285, DSM 2151, JCM 11019), Phocaeicola vulgatus (e.g., ATCC 8482, DSM 1447, JCM 5826) and Veillonella ratti (e.g., ATCC 17746, DSM 20736, JCM 6512); preferably from the species Bacteroides fragilis (e.g., ATCC 25285, DSM The consortium is selected from the species Phocaeicola vulgatus (e.g., ATCC 8482, DSM 1447, JCM 5826) (2151, JCM 11019); preferably, it does not include one or more strains selected from the genera Anaerotignum, Bacteroides, Phocaeicola and Veillonella; and more preferably, the consortium does not include strains capable of converting primary substrates to propionates.

[0205] In certain embodiments, the consortium according to the present invention includes or comprises: i) Agatobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum halii. hallii), iii) bacteria of the genus Ruminococcus; bacteria of the genus Bifidobacterium; bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus; bacteria of the genus Phascolarctobacterium and bacteria of the genus Bacteroides or Prevotella and iv) bacteria of the genus Blautia, Eubacterium, Paraclostridium, Terrisporobacter or Intestinibacter.

[0206] In certain embodiments, the consortium according to the present invention includes or comprises: i) Agatobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum halii. hallii), iii) bacteria of the genus Ruminococcus; bacteria of the genus Bifidobacterium; bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus; bacteria of the genus Phascolarctobacterium and bacteria of the genus Bacteroides or Prevotella and iv) bacteria of the genus Eubacterium, Paraclostridium, Terrisporobacter or Intestinibacter.

[0207] In certain embodiments, the consortium according to the present invention includes or comprises: i) Agatobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, iii) bacteria of the genus Ruminococcus; bacteria of the genus Bifidobacterium; bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus; bacteria of the genus Phascolarctobacterium and bacteria of the genus Bacteroides or Prevotella and iv) bacteria of the genus Eubacterium.

[0208] In certain embodiments, the consortium according to the present invention includes or comprises: i) Agatobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, iii) bacteria of the genus Ruminococcus; bacteria of the genus Bifidobacterium; bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus; bacteria of the genus Phascolarctobacterium and bacteria of the genus Bacteroides or Prevotella and iv) bacteria of the genus Paraclostridium.

[0209] In certain embodiments, the consortium according to the present invention includes or comprises: i) Agatobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, iii) bacteria of the genus Ruminococcus; bacteria of the genus Bifidobacterium; bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus; bacteria of the genus Phascolarctobacterium and bacteria of the genus Bacteroides or Prevotella and iv) bacteria of the genus Terrisporobacter.

[0210] In certain embodiments, the consortium according to the present invention includes or comprises: i) Agatobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, iii) bacteria of the genus Ruminococcus; bacteria of the genus Bifidobacterium; bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus; bacteria of the genus Phascolarctobacterium and bacteria of the genus Bacteroides or Prevotella and iv) bacteria of the genus Intestinibacter.

[0211] In some embodiments, the consortium according to the present invention includes or comprises: i) Agatobacter rectalis, ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, iii) Lactobacillus rhamnosus and iv) - One or more strains capable of converting formate to acetate, such as those described above in this specification; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to format, such as those described above in this specification; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to acetate, such as those described above in this specification; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to succinate, such as those described above in this specification; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting succinate to propionate, such as those described above in this specification.

[0212] In some embodiments, the consortium according to the present invention includes or comprises: i) Agatobacter rectalis, ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, iii) Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Blautia hydrogenotrophica and iv) - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to format, such as those described above in this specification; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to acetate, such as those described above in this specification; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to succinate, such as those described above in this specification; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting succinate to propionate, such as those described above in this specification.

[0213] In some embodiments, the consortium according to the present invention includes or comprises: i) Agatobacter rectalis, ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, iii) Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Blautia hydrogenotrophica and Ruminococcus bromii and: - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to acetate, such as those described above in this specification; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to succinate, such as those described above in this specification; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting succinate to propionate, such as those described above in this specification.

[0214] In some embodiments, the consortium according to the present invention includes or comprises: i) Agatobacter rectalis, ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, iii) Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Blautia hydrogenotrophica and Ruminococcus bromii and Bifidobacterium adolescentis and iv) - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to succinate, such as those described above in this specification; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting succinate to propionate, such as those described above in this specification.

[0215] In some embodiments, the consortium according to the present invention includes or comprises: i) Agatobacter rectalis, ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, iii) Ruminococcus bromii and iv) - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to lactate, such as those described above in this specification; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting formate to acetate, such as those described above in this specification; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to acetate, such as those described above in this specification; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to succinate, such as those described above in this specification; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting succinate to propionate, such as those described above in this specification.

[0216] In some embodiments, the consortium according to the present invention includes or comprises: i) Agatobacter rectalis, ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, iii) Blautia hydrogenotrophica and iv) - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to lactate, such as those described above in this specification; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to acetate, such as those described above in this specification; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to succinate, such as those described above in this specification; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to format, such as those described above in this specification; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting succinate to propionate, such as those described above in this specification.

[0217] In some embodiments, the consortium according to the present invention includes or comprises: i) Agatobacter rectalis, ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, iii) Ruminococcus bromii and Blautia hydrogenotrophica and iv) - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to lactate, such as those described above in this specification; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to acetate, such as those described above in this specification; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to succinate, such as those described above in this specification; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting succinate to propionate, such as those described above in this specification.

[0218] In some embodiments, the consortium according to the present invention includes or comprises: i) Agatobacter rectalis, ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, iii) Ruminococcus bromii, Blautia hydrogenotrophica and Bifidobacterium adolescentis and iv) - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to lactate, such as those described above in this specification; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to succinate, such as those described above in this specification; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting succinate to propionate, such as those described above in this specification.

[0219] In some embodiments, the consortium according to the present invention includes or comprises: i) Agatobacter rectalis, ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, iii) Bifidobacterium adolescentis and iv) - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to format, such as those described above in this specification; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to lactate, such as those described above in this specification; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting formate to acetate, such as those described above in this specification; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to succinate, such as those described above in this specification; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting succinate to propionate, such as those described above in this specification.

[0220] In some embodiments, the consortium according to the present invention includes or comprises: i) Agatobacter rectalis, ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, iii) Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Paraclostridium bifermentans and iv) - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to format, such as those described above in this specification; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to acetate, such as those described above in this specification; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to succinate, such as those described above in this specification; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting succinate to propionate, such as those described above in this specification.

[0221] In some embodiments, the consortium according to the present invention includes or comprises: i) Agatobacter rectalis, ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, iii) Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Terrisporobacter othiniensis and iv) - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to format, such as those described above in this specification; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to acetate, such as those described above in this specification; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to succinate, such as those described above in this specification; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting succinate to propionate, such as those described above in this specification.

[0222] In some embodiments, the consortium according to the present invention includes or comprises: i) Agatobacter rectalis, ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, iii) Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Blautia A wexlerae (particularly having a 16SRNA sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 17 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity thereto), and iv) - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to format, such as those described above in this specification; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to acetate, such as those described above in this specification; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to succinate, such as those described above in this specification; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting succinate to propionate, such as those described above in this specification.

[0223] In some embodiments, the consortium according to the present invention includes or comprises: i) Agatobacter rectalis, ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, iii) Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Terrisporobacter glycolicus and iv) - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to format, such as those described above in this specification; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to acetate, such as those described above in this specification; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to succinate, such as those described above in this specification; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting succinate to propionate, such as those described above in this specification.

[0224] In some embodiments, the consortium according to the present invention includes or comprises: i) Agatobacter rectalis, ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, iii) Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Terrisporobacter mayombei and iv) - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to format, such as those described above in this specification; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to acetate, such as those described above in this specification; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to succinate, such as those described above in this specification; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting succinate to propionate, such as those described above in this specification.

[0225] In some embodiments, the consortium according to the present invention includes or comprises: i) Agatobacter rectalis, ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, iii) Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Intestinibacter bartlettii and iv) - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to format, such as those described above in this specification; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to acetate, such as those described above in this specification; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to succinate, such as those described above in this specification; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting succinate to propionate, such as those described above in this specification.

[0226] In some embodiments, the consortium according to the present invention includes or comprises: i) Agatobacter rectalis, ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, iii) Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Blautia hydrogenotrophica and Ruminococcus bromii and: - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to acetate, such as those described above in this specification; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to succinate, such as those described above in this specification; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting succinate to propionate, such as those described above in this specification.

[0227] In some embodiments, the consortium according to the present invention includes or comprises: i) Agatobacter rectalis, ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, iii) Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Paraclostridium bifermentans and Ruminococcus bromii and: - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to acetate, such as those described above in this specification; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to succinate, such as those described above in this specification; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting succinate to propionate, such as those described above in this specification.

[0228] In some embodiments, the consortium according to the present invention includes or comprises: i) Agatobacter rectalis, ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, iii) Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Terrisporobacter othiniensis and Ruminococcus bromii and: - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to acetate, such as those described above in this specification; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to succinate, such as those described above in this specification; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting succinate to propionate, such as those described above in this specification.

[0229] In some embodiments, the consortium according to the present invention includes or comprises: i) Agatobacter rectalis, ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, iii) Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Blautia A wexlerae and Ruminococcus bromii and: - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to acetate, such as those described above in this specification; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to succinate, such as those described above in this specification; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting succinate to propionate, such as those described above in this specification.

[0230] In some embodiments, the consortium according to the present invention includes or comprises: i) Agatobacter rectalis, ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, iii) Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Terrisporobacter glycolicus and Ruminococcus bromii and: - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to acetate, such as those described above in this specification; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to succinate, such as those described above in this specification; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting succinate to propionate, such as those described above in this specification.

[0231] In some embodiments, the consortium according to the present invention includes or comprises: i) Agatobacter rectalis, ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, iii) Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Terrisporobacter mayombei and Ruminococcus bromii and: - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to acetate, such as those described above in this specification; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to succinate, such as those described above in this specification; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting succinate to propionate, such as those described above in this specification.

[0232] In some embodiments, the consortium according to the present invention includes or comprises: i) Agatobacter rectalis, ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, iii) Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Intestinibacter bartlettii and Ruminococcus bromii and: - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to acetate, such as those described above in this specification; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to succinate, such as those described above in this specification; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting succinate to propionate, such as those described above in this specification.

[0233] In some embodiments, the consortium according to the present invention includes or comprises: i) Agatobacter rectalis, ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, iii) Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Paraclostridium bifermentans and Ruminococcus bromii and Bifidobacterium adolescentis and iv) - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to succinate, such as those described above in this specification; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting succinate to propionate, such as those described above in this specification.

[0234] In some embodiments, the consortium according to the present invention includes or comprises: i) Agatobacter rectalis, ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, iii) Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Terrisporobacter othiniensis and Ruminococcus bromii and Bifidobacterium adolescentis and iv) - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to succinate, such as those described above in this specification; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting succinate to propionate, such as those described above in this specification.

[0235] In some embodiments, the consortium according to the present invention includes or comprises: i) Agatobacter rectalis, ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, iii) Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Blautia A wexlerae and Ruminococcus bromii and Bifidobacterium adolescentis and iv) - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to succinate, such as those described above in this specification; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting succinate to propionate, such as those described above in this specification.

[0236] In some embodiments, the consortium according to the present invention includes or comprises: i) Agatobacter rectalis, ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, iii) Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Terrisporobacter glycolicus and Ruminococcus bromii and Bifidobacterium adolescentis and iv) - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to succinate, such as those described above in this specification; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting succinate to propionate, such as those described above in this specification.

[0237] In some embodiments, the consortium according to the present invention includes or comprises: i) Agatobacter rectalis, ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, iii) Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Terrisporobacter mayombei and Ruminococcus bromii and Bifidobacterium adolescentis and iv) - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to succinate, such as those described above in this specification; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting succinate to propionate, such as those described above in this specification.

[0238] In some embodiments, the consortium according to the present invention includes or comprises: i) Agatobacter rectalis, ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, iii) Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Eubacterium limosum and Ruminococcus bromii and Bifidobacterium adolescentis and iv) - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to succinate, such as those described above in this specification; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting succinate to propionate, such as those described above in this specification.

[0239] In some embodiments, the consortium according to the present invention includes or comprises: i) Agatobacter rectalis, ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, iii) Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Intestinibacter bartlettii and Ruminococcus bromii and Bifidobacterium adolescentis and iv) - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to succinate, such as those described above in this specification; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting succinate to propionate, such as those described above in this specification.

[0240] In some embodiments, the consortium according to the present invention includes or comprises: i) Agatobacter rectalis, ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, iii) Bacteroides xylanisolvens or Prevotella copri or Acutalibacter (preferably having a DNA genome sequence such as that represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 or a variant that is at least 90%, 95%, or 99% identical thereto and / or having a 16RNA sequence such as that represented by SEQ ID NO: 9 or a variant that is at least 95%, preferably at least 97%, more preferably 99%, 99.5%, 99.7%, or 99.9% sequence identical thereto), and iv): - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to lactate, such as those described above in this specification; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to format, such as those described above in this specification; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting formate to acetate, such as those described above in this specifi...

Claims

1. A composition comprising a bacterial consortium of anaerobic strains for use in the treatment of intestinal dysbiosis or diseases or disorders caused by or associated with intestinal dysbiosis, wherein the consortium comprises i) Agatobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, and comprises 15 or fewer different strains.

2. The composition for use according to claim 1, wherein the intestinal dysbiosis is selected from the group consisting of intestinal dysbiosis after antibiotic treatment, intestinal dysbiosis after infection with vancomycin-resistant enterococci, intestinal dysbiosis after infection with carbapenem-resistant enterococci, and intestinal dysbiosis following diarrhea after infection.

3. The composition for use according to claim 1, wherein the disease or disorder caused by or associated with intestinal dysbiosis is selected from the group consisting of inflammatory bowel disease, including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease; rheumatoid arthritis; multiple sclerosis; graft-versus-host disease; solid and humoral cancers, particularly gastrointestinal cancers, colorectal cancer and acute myeloid leukemia.

4. The composition for use according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the consortium comprises i) Agatobacter rectalis, ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, and iii) one or more strains capable of converting a primary substrate to formate, lactate, succinate, acetate, butyrate and / or propionate, wherein the primary substrate is selected from the group consisting of sugars, starches, fibers and proteins and any combination thereof.

5. The composition for use according to claim 4, wherein the consortium comprises one or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate into lactate.

6. The aforementioned consortium, - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to formate; - One or more strains capable of converting formate to acetate; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to acetate A composition for use according to claim 4 or 5, comprising:

7. The aforementioned consortium, - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to succinate; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting succinate to propionate A composition for use according to any one of claims 4 to 6, comprising the above.

8. - When the strain capable of converting the primary substrate to formate is grown in a single culture in standard medium for at least 48 hours, at least 20% of the total carbon converted to the complex metabolites formate, lactate, succinate; acetate, propionate, butyrate, and ethanol is capable of converting to formate; - The strain capable of converting the primary substrate to acetate, when grown in a single culture on standard medium for at least 48 hours, is capable of converting at least 30% of the total carbon converted to the complex metabolites formate, lactate, succinate; acetate, propionate, butyrate, and ethanol to acetate; - The strain capable of converting the primary substrate to butyrate, when grown in a single culture in standard medium for at least 48 hours, is capable of converting at least 30% of the total carbon converted to the complex metabolites formate, lactate, succinate; acetate, propionate, butyrate, and ethanol to butyrate; - The strain capable of converting the primary substrate to lactate, when grown in a single culture in standard medium for at least 48 hours, is capable of converting at least 30% of the total carbon converted to the complex metabolites formate, lactate, succinate; acetate, propionate, butyrate, and ethanol to lactate; - The strain capable of converting the primary substrate to lactate is capable of converting at least 30% of the total carbon converted to complex metabolites to propionate when grown in a single culture in standard medium for at least 48 hours; - The strain capable of converting the primary substrate to lactate, when grown in a single culture in standard medium for at least 48 hours, is capable of converting at least 30% of the total carbon converted to the complex metabolites formate, lactate, succinate; acetate, propionate, butyrate, and ethanol to propionate; - When the strain capable of converting the primary substrate to lactate is grown in a single culture in standard medium for at least 48 hours, at least 30% of the total carbon converted to the complex metabolites formate, lactate, succinate; acetate, propionate, butyrate, and ethanol is capable of converting succinate; - The strain capable of converting formate to acetate is capable of degrading at least 20% of formate when grown in single culture for at least 48 hours in standard medium containing or supplemented with formate, and is capable of converting at least 20% of the total carbon converted to the complex metabolites formate, lactate, succinate; acetate, propionate, butyrate, and ethanol to acetate; - A strain capable of converting acetate to butyrate, when grown in single culture for at least 48 hours in standard medium containing or supplemented with acetate, is capable of degrading at least 20% of the acetate, and is capable of converting at least 20% of the total carbon converted to the complex metabolites formate, lactate, succinate; acetate, propionate, butyrate, and ethanol to butyrate; - A strain capable of converting lactate to butyrate, when grown in single culture for at least 48 hours in a standard medium containing or supplemented with lactate, is capable of degrading at least 20% of lactate, and is capable of converting at least 20% of the total carbon converted to the complex metabolites formate, lactate, succinate; acetate, propionate, butyrate, and ethanol to butyrate; - A strain capable of converting lactat to propionate, when grown in single culture for at least 48 hours in standard medium containing or supplemented with lactat, is capable of degrading at least 20% of lactat, and is capable of converting at least 20% of the total carbon converted to the complex metabolites formate, lactat, succinate; acetate, propionate, butyrate, and ethanol to propionate; and / or - The strain capable of converting succinate to propionate is capable of degrading at least 20% of formate when grown in single culture for at least 48 hours in standard medium containing or supplemented with succinate, and is capable of converting at least 20% of the total carbon converted to the complex metabolite formate, lactate, succinate; acetate, propionate, butyrate, and ethanol to propionate. A composition for use according to any one of claims 4 to 7.

9. Anaerotignum nov. sp., Clostridium E sporosphaeroides, Coprococcus A catus, Frisingococcus sp. A composition for use according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising: selected from the species Veillonella atypica, Veillonella parvula subsp. parvula, and Veillonella ratti; preferably not comprising one or more strains selected from the genera Anaerotignum, Clostridium E, Coprococcus A, Frisingococcus, and Veillonella; and more preferably not comprising strains capable of converting lactat to propionate.

10. One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to formate include Anaerobutyricum, Bacteroides, Blautia, Collinsella, Coprococcus, Dorea, and Erysipelatoclostridium. Selected from the genera Clostridium, Escherichia, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira, Longicatena, Ruminococcus, and Sellimonas; One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to acetate include Acidaminococcus, Actalibacter, Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Clostridium, Clostridium E, Clostridium Q, Collinsella, Copromonas, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Enteroclortus Selected from the genera *Rhocloster*, *Escherichia*, *Eubacterium*, *Hungatella*, *Hungatella* A, *Oliverbapstia*, *Peptoniphyllus*, *Peptostreptococcus*, *Phocaeicola*, *Rhiziobiaceae*, *Ruminococcus*, *Sellimonas*, and *Veillonella*; One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to lactate include Agatobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Bifidobacterium, Collinsella, Enterococcus, and Lacticaseibacillus. Selected from the genera Lactobacillus, Longicatena, Merdisoma, Peptostreptococcus, Rosebria, Streptococcus, and Sutterella; One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to succinate are selected from the novel genera Actalibacter, Bacteroides, Oliverbapstia, Parabacteroides, Phocaeicola, and Prevotella; One or more strains capable of converting formate to acetate are selected from the genera Blautia, Eubacterium; Terrisporobacter and Intestinibacter; and / or One or more strains capable of converting succinate to propionate are selected from the genera Dialister, Flavonifractor, Phascolarctobacterium, Phascolarctobacterium_A, and Veillonella. A composition for use according to any one of claims 3 to 9.

11. One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to formate are selected from the genera Blautia, Coprococcus, Dorea, Erysipelatoclostridium, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira, and Ruminococcus; One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to acetate are selected from the genera Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Clostridium Q, Clostridium E, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Eubacterium, Oliverpabstia, and Rhiziobiaceae; One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to lactat are selected from the genera Agathobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus / Lactobacillus, Peptostreptococcus, Streptococcus, and Sutterella; One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to succinate are selected from the genera Actalibacter nov, Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Phocaeicola, and Prevotella; One or more strains capable of converting formate to acetate are selected from the genera Blautia, Eubacterium, Terrisporobacter and Intestinibacter; and / or One or more strains capable of converting succinate to propionate are selected from the genera Dialister, Flavonifractor, Phascolarctobacterium, and Phascolarctobacterium A. A composition for use according to any one of claims 3 to 9.

12. One or more of the aforementioned strains capable of converting the primary substrate to formate are derived from the genus Ruminococcus; One or more of the aforementioned strains capable of converting the primary substrate to acetate are of the genus Bifidobacterium; One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to lactat are of the genus Lactobacillus; One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to succinate are derived from the genus Bacteroides or Prevotella; One or more of the fungal strains capable of converting formate to acetate are from the genus Blautia or Terrisporobacter, preferably from the genus Blautia; and / or One or more of the aforementioned strains capable of converting succinate to propionate are derived from the genus Phascolarctobacterium. A composition for use according to any one of claims 3 to 9.

13. - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to formate include Bacteroides clarus, Blautia hydrogenotropica, Collinsella aerofaciens, Coprococcus eutactus, Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea longicatena, and Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum. Selected from the species of *ramosum*, *Eubacterium ramulus*, *Faecalibacterium prausnitzii*, *Lachnospira eligens*, *Longicatena* sp., *Ruminococcus bromii*, and *Sellimonas intestinalis*; - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to acetate include *Acidaminococcus intestini* and *Actalibacter* nov. The genus (having a 16SRNA sequence as shown in Sequence ID No. 9 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity), Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium luminantium Ruminantium, Blautia hydrogenotropica, Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium E sporosphaeroides, Clostridium Q symbiosum, Collinsella aerofaciens, Copromonas sp., Desulfovibrio piger, Dorea hormisigenerans Dorea scindens, Dorea sp. 900066555, Enterocloster sp., Escherichia coli, Eubacterium callanderi, Eubacterium limosum, Hungatella efulviiefffluvii), Hungatella A sp., Oliverpabstia sp., Peptoniphilus vaginalis, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, Phocaeicola plebeius, Rhizobiaceae nov. Selected from the genera, species Ruminococcus bromii, Sellimonas intestinalis, and Veillonella ratti; - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to lactate include Agatobacter / Roseburia faecis, Bacteroides clarus, Bacteroides faecis, Bacteroides uniformis, Bariatricus comes, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, and Collinsella aerofasciens. aerofaciens, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus gallinarum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Longicatena sp. Selected from the species Merdisoma aerosacheriphilus, Peptostreptococcus stomatis, Rosebria hominis, Streptococcus anginosus, and Sutterella wadsworthensis; - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to succinate are Actalibacter nov. Genus (having a DNA genomic sequence such as that represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 or a variant that is at least 90%, 95%, or 99% identical thereto, and / or having a 16RNA sequence such as that represented by SEQ ID NO: 9 or a variant that has at least 95%, preferably at least 97%, more preferably 99%, 99.5%, 99.7%, or 99.9% sequence identity thereto), Bacteroides faecis, Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides xylanisolvens, Oliverpabstia sp. Selected from the species Bacteroides faecis, Parabacteroides distasonis, Phocaeicola dorei, Phocaeicola plebeius, Phocaeicola vulgatus, and Prevotella copri; - One or more strains capable of converting formate to acetate include Blautia hydrogenotropica, Blautia _A luti, Blautia _A wexlerae (particularly having a 16SRNA sequence as indicated by SEQ ID NO: 17 or a variant that is at least 90%, 95%, or 99% identical thereto), Terrisporobacter othiniensis, Terrisporobacter glycolicus, Terrisporobacter mayombei Selected from the species mayombei, Intestinibacter bartlettii, Eubacterium callanderi and Eubacterium limosum; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting succinate to propionate include Dialister hominis, Dialister invisus, Flavonifractor plautii, Phascolarctobacterium faecium, Phascolarctobacterium A succinatutens, and Veillonella parvula. Selected from the species subsp. parvula and Veillonella ratti. A composition for use according to any one of claims 3 to 9.

14. - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to formate include Blautia hydrogenotropica, Coprococcus eutactus, Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea longicatena, Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and Lachnospira erigens. Selected from the species *Luminococcus eligens* and *Luminococcus bromii*; - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to acetate include Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium ruminantium, and Blautia hydrogenotropica. hydrogenetropica, Clostridium_Q symbiosum, Clostridium_E sporosphaeroides, Desulfovibrio piger, Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea longicatena, Dorea scindens, Dorea sp. Selected from species of the genera Eubacterium callanderi, Eubacterium limosum, Oliverpabstia sp., and Rhizobiaceae nov.; - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to lactate include Agatobacter faecis, Bacteroides clarus, Bacteroides uniformis, Bariatricus comes, Collinsella aerofaciens, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, and Enterococcus gallinarum. Selected from the species *gallinarum*, *Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus*, *Peptostreptococcus stomatis*, *Streptococcus anginosus*, and *Sutterella wadsworthensis*; - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to succinate include Actalibacter nov, Bacteroides faecis, Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides xylanisolvens, Parabacteroides distasonis, Phocaeicola dorei, Phocaeicola plebeius Selected from the species *Plebeius*, *Phocaeicola vulgatus*, and *Prevotella copri*; - One or more strains capable of converting formate to acetate include Blautia hydrogenotropica, Blautia _A luti, Blautia _A wexlerae (particularly having a 16SRNA sequence as indicated by SEQ ID NO: 17 or a variant that is at least 90%, 95%, or 99% identical thereto), Terrisporobacter othiniensis, Terrisporobacter glycolicus, Terrisporobacter mayombei Selected from the species mayombei, Intestinibacter bartlettii, Eubacterium callanderi and Eubacterium limosum; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting succinate to propionate are selected from the species Dialister hominis, Dialister invisus, Flavonifractor plautii, Phascolarctobacterium faecium, and Phascolarctobacterium A succinatutens. A composition for use according to any one of claims 3 to 9.

15. - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to formate are selected from the species Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea longicatena, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and Ruminococcus bromii; - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to acetate include Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium ruminantium, and Blautia hydrogenotropica. Selected from species of the genus Hydrogenotropica, Desulfovibrio piger, Dorea Longicatena, Eubacterium callanderi, Eubacterium limosum, and Rhizobiaceae nov. - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to lactat are Bacteroides uniformis, Bariatricus comes, Collinsella aerofaciens, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus gallinarum, and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus. Selected from the species rhamnosus, Streptococcus anginosus, and Sutterella wadsworthensis; - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to succinate are selected from the species Actalibacter nov. (particularly having a DNA genomic sequence such as that represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 or a variant that is at least 90%, 95%, or 99% identical thereto, and / or having a 16RNA sequence such as that represented by SEQ ID NO: 9 or a variant that is at least 95%, preferably at least 97%, more preferably 99%, 99.5%, 99.7%, or 99.9% identical thereto), Prevotella copri, and Bacteroides xylanisolvens; - One or more strains capable of converting formate to acetate include Blautia hydrogenotropica, Blautia _A luti, Blautia _A wexlerae (particularly having a 16SRNA sequence as indicated by SEQ ID NO: 17 or a variant that is at least 90%, 95%, or 99% identical thereto), Terrisporobacter othiniensis, Terrisporobacter glycolicus, and Terrisporobacter mayombei. Selected from the species of mayombei; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting succinate to propionate are selected from the species Dialister hominis, Dialister invisus, Flavonifractor plautii, Phascolarctobacterium faecium, and Phascolarctobacterium A succinatutens. A composition for use according to any one of claims 3 to 9.

16. - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to formate are from the species Ruminococcus bromii; - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to acetate are selected from the species Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, and Bifidobacterium ruminantium. - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to lactat are from the species Lactobacillus rhamnosus; - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to succinate are selected from the species Actalibacter nov., Bacteroides faecis, Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides xylanisolvens, and Prevotella copri; - One or more strains capable of converting formate to acetate are selected from the species Blautia hydrogenotropica, Blautia A luti, Blautia A wexlerae, Terrisporobacter othiniensis, Terrisporobacter glycolicus, Terrisporobacter mayombei and / or - One or more strains capable of converting succinate to propionate are from the species Phascolarctobacterium faecium. A composition for use according to any one of claims 3 to 9.

17. - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to formate are Ruminococcus bromii; - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to acetate are Bifidobacterium adolescentis, - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to lactat are Lactobacillus rhamnosus; - One or more strains capable of converting the primary substrate to succinate are selected from the species Actalibacter nov. (particularly having a DNA genomic sequence such as that represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 or a variant that is at least 90%, 95%, or 99% identical thereto, and / or having a 16RNA sequence such as that represented by SEQ ID NO: 9 or a variant that is at least 95%, preferably at least 97%, more preferably 99%, 99.5%, 99.7%, or 99.9% identical thereto), Prevotella copri, and Bacteroides xylanisolvens; - One or more strains capable of converting formate to acetate are Blautia hydrogenotropica; and / or - One or more strains capable of converting succinate to propionate are Phascolarctobacterium faecium. A composition for use according to any one of claims 3 to 9.

18. The aforementioned bacterial consortium includes Agathobacter rectalis; Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii; Ruminococcus bromii; Bifidobacterium adolescentis; Lactobacillus rhamnosus; Phascolarctobacterium faecium and: - Bacteria selected from the group consisting of Bacteroides xylanisolvens, Prevotella copri, and the genus Actalibacter (having a DNA genome sequence with 90%, 95%, or 99% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 1); and - Blautia hydrogenotropica, Blautia A luti, Blautia A wexlerae, Terrisporobacter othiniensis, Terrisporobacter glycolicus, Terrisporobacter mayombei, Intestinibacter bartlettii, Eubacterium calanderii A composition for use according to any one of claims 1 to 17, comprising or basically comprising bacteria selected from the group consisting of Eubacterium limosum and callanderi, preferably from the group consisting of Terrisporobacter glycolicus, Terrisporobacter othiniensis, Blautia A luti and Blautia A wexlerae (particularly having a 16SRNA sequence such as that shown in SEQ ID NO: 17 or a variant that is at least 90%, 95%, or 99% identical thereto).

19. The aforementioned bacterial consortium: - Agathobacter rectalis; Anaerostipes caccae; Ruminococcus bromii; Bifidobacterium adolescentis; Lactobacillus rhamnosus; Blautia hydrogenotropica; Phascolarctobacterium faecium Bacteroides faecium and Bacteroides xylanisolvens; - Agathobacter rectalis; Anaerostipes caccae; Ruminococcus bromii; Bifidobacterium adolescentis; Lactobacillus rhamnosus; Blautia hydrogenotropica; Phascolarctobacterium faecium faecium) and Prevotella copri; or - Agathobacter rectalis; Anaerostipes caccae; Ruminococcus bromii; Bifidobacterium adolescentis; Lactobacillus rhamnosus; Blautia hydrogenotropica; Phascolarctobacterium faecium This includes or is basically composed of bacteria having the DNA genome sequence of faecium and sequence number 1. - In the aforementioned bacterial consortium, Blautia hydrogenotropica was identified as Blautia A luti, Blautia A wexlerae, Terrisporobacter othiniensis, Terrisporobacter glycolicus, Terrisporobacter mayombei, and Intestinibacter bartleti. From the group consisting of bartlettii, Eubacterium callanderi, and Eubacterium limosum, preferably Blautia_A luti, Blautia_A wexlerae, Terrisporobacter othiniensis, Terrisporobacter glycolicus, and Terrisporobacter mayombei. It may be replaced by bacteria selected from the group consisting of mayombei, and more preferably from the group consisting of Terrisporobacter othiniensis, Blautia A luti, and Blautia A wexlerae. A composition for use according to any one of claims 1 to 18.

20. The aforementioned bacterial consortium, - Agathobacter rectalis; Anaerostipes caccae; Ruminococcus bromii; Bifidobacterium adolescentis; Lactobacillus rhamnosus; Blautia hydrogenotropica; Phascolarctobacterium faecium Bacteroides faecium and Bacteroides xylanisolvens; - Agathobacter rectalis; Anaerostipes caccae; Ruminococcus bromii; Bifidobacterium adolescentis; Lactobacillus rhamnosus; Blautia hydrogenotropica; Phascolarctobacterium faecium *Psathyrium faecium* and *Prevotella copri*; - Agathobacter rectalis; Anaerostipes caccae; Ruminococcus bromii; Bifidobacterium adolescentis; Lactobacillus rhamnosus; Blautia hydrogenotropica; Phascolarctobacterium faecium Bacteria having the DNA genome sequence of faecium and sequence number 1; - Agathobacter rectalis; Anaerostipes caccae; Ruminococcus bromii; Bifidobacterium adolescentis; Lactobacillus rhamnosus; Terrisporobacter othiniensis; Phascolarctobacterium faecium Bacteroides faecium) and Bacteroides xylanisolvens; or - Agathobacter rectalis; Anaerostipes caccae; Ruminococcus bromii; Bifidobacterium adolescentis; Lactobacillus rhamnosus; Blautia A wexlerae; Phascolarctobacterium faecium A compound comprising or consisting of Bacteroides faecium and Bacteroides xylanisolvens. A composition for use according to any one of claims 1 to 19.

21. A composition for use according to any one of claims 1 to 20, comprising 5 to 15 different strains, preferably 6 to 10 different strains.

22. - Propionate, acetate and / or butyrate; - Pharmaceutical excipients or carriers; and / or - Components selected from the group consisting of cryoprotectants, glycerol, culture media or dispersion media, particularly peptone, yeast extract, monosaccharides, disaccharides, arabinogalactan, fructooligosaccharides, fiber, glycerol, soluble starch, resistant starch, xylan, minerals, cofactors, vitamins and reducing agents; aqueous gels; prebiotics and polymeric supports; and any combination thereof. A composition for use according to any one of claims 1 to 21, further comprising the above.

23. A composition as defined in any one of claims 1 to 22.

24. A bioreactor comprising the composition described in claim 23.

25. A method for treating intestinal dysbiosis or a disease or disorder caused by or related to intestinal dysbiosis, comprising administering the composition according to claim 23 to the subject.

26. Use of the composition according to claim 23 for manufacturing a medicament for the treatment of intestinal dysbiosis or a disease or disorder caused by or related to intestinal dysbiosis.

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