Battery management device and its operating method

Abstract

A battery management device according to one embodiment disclosed herein may include: a voltage measuring unit that measures the voltage of each of a plurality of battery banks; a controller that calculates a first voltage, which is the amount of voltage change over a certain period for each of the plurality of battery banks; calculates a second voltage for each of the plurality of battery banks based on the maximum value of the first voltages of the plurality of battery banks and the average value of the first voltages of each of the plurality of battery banks; and diagnoses at least one of the plurality of battery banks based on the average value of the second voltages of the plurality of battery banks and the second voltage of each of the plurality of battery banks.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention claims the benefit of priority based on Korean Patent Application No. 10-2023-0064031 filed on May 17, 2023, and all the contents disclosed in the literature of the Korean patent application are incorporated herein by reference. The embodiments disclosed in this document relate to a battery management device and an operating method thereof.

Background Art

[0002] An electric vehicle receives power supply from the outside to charge the battery, and then drives the motor with the voltage charged in the battery to obtain power. The battery undergoes internal deformation and denaturation due to various charge and discharge processes during production and use, resulting in changes in its physicochemical properties. Lithium ions emitted from the positive electrode of the battery may not be reduced into the negative electrode, and a defect of precipitation on the surface of the negative electrode may occur. If the lithium precipitation phenomenon persists repeatedly, an internal short circuit (Inner Short) may occur between the negative electrode and the positive electrode of the battery. A battery with an internal short circuit may experience problems such as an under-voltage (Under Voltage) defect where the voltage decreases below a certain level or an increased risk of ignition. Therefore, a method for diagnosing the lithium precipitation phenomenon in the battery is necessary.

[0003] Conventional methods for diagnosing the lithium precipitation phenomenon used voltage data during the rest period after charging a battery with a large amount of lithium precipitation. However, this method has a problem that it is difficult to determine the presence or absence of abnormal voltage because the influence of lithium precipitation on the measured voltage of the battery is negligible.

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0004] One object of the embodiments disclosed in this document is to provide a battery management device and an operating method thereof that can accurately diagnose a battery bank by using abnormal behavior of the voltage during the rest period of the battery bank.

[0005] The technical problems of the embodiments disclosed in this document are not limited to those mentioned above, and other technical problems not mentioned can be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the following description. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] A battery management device according to one embodiment disclosed herein may include: a voltage measuring unit that measures the voltage of each of a plurality of battery banks; a controller that calculates a first voltage, which is the amount of voltage change over a certain period for each of the plurality of battery banks; calculates a second voltage for each of the plurality of battery banks based on the maximum value of the first voltages of the plurality of battery banks and the average value of the first voltages of each of the plurality of battery banks; and diagnoses at least one of the plurality of battery banks based on the average value of the second voltages of the plurality of battery banks and the second voltage of each of the plurality of battery banks.

[0007] According to one embodiment, the controller can initialize the first voltage of each of the plurality of battery banks if the maximum value among the first voltages of the plurality of battery banks is less than or equal to a lower threshold.

[0008] According to one embodiment, the controller can accumulate the first voltages of each of the multiple battery banks if the maximum value of the first voltages of the multiple battery banks exceeds the lower threshold, and the average value of the first voltages of each of the multiple battery banks is less than the upper threshold.

[0009] According to one embodiment, the controller can calculate the first voltage of each of the multiple battery banks as the second voltage of each of the multiple battery banks if the maximum value of the first voltage of the multiple battery banks exceeds the lower threshold, and the average value of the first voltage of each of the multiple battery banks is equal to or greater than the upper threshold.

[0010] According to one embodiment, the controller can calculate the value of the second voltage of each of the multiple battery banks relative to the average value of the second voltages of the multiple battery banks and the maximum value of the upper limit threshold, and use this value as the reference value for each of the multiple battery banks.

[0011] According to one embodiment, the controller can set the ranking of each of the plurality of battery banks based on a reference value which is the value of the second voltage of each of the plurality of battery banks relative to the average value of the second voltages of the plurality of battery banks.

[0012] According to one embodiment, the controller can set a ranking for the plurality of battery banks in order of the highest reference value, and determine the first battery bank, which is the first-ranked battery bank, and the second battery bank, which is the second-ranked battery bank, among the plurality of battery banks.

[0013] According to one embodiment, the controller can calculate a first deviation, which is the difference between the reference value of the first battery bank and the reference value of the second battery bank, and a second deviation, which is the difference between the second voltage of the first battery bank and the average value of the second voltages of the plurality of battery banks, and diagnose the first battery bank based on the first deviation and the second deviation.

[0014] According to one embodiment, the first battery bank can be diagnosed if the reference value of the first battery bank exceeds a first threshold, the first deviation is less than a second threshold, and the second deviation exceeds a third threshold.

[0015] A method for operating a battery management device according to one embodiment disclosed herein may include the steps of: measuring the voltage of each of a plurality of battery banks; calculating a first voltage, which is the amount of voltage change over a certain period for each of the plurality of battery banks; calculating a second voltage for each of the plurality of battery banks based on the maximum value of the first voltages of the plurality of battery banks and the average value of the first voltages of each of the plurality of battery banks; and diagnosing at least one of the plurality of battery banks based on the average value of the second voltages of the plurality of battery banks and the second voltage of each of the plurality of battery banks.

[0016] According to one embodiment, the step of calculating the second voltage of each of the plurality of battery banks based on the maximum value among the first voltages of the plurality of battery banks and the average value of the first voltages of each of the plurality of battery banks allows the first voltage of each of the plurality of battery banks to be initialized if the maximum value among the first voltages of the plurality of battery banks is less than or equal to a lower threshold.

[0017] According to one embodiment, the step of calculating the second voltage of each of the plurality of battery banks based on the maximum value of the first voltages of the plurality of battery banks and the average value of the first voltages of each of the plurality of battery banks allows for the accumulation of the first voltages of each of the plurality of battery banks if the average value of the first voltages of each of the plurality of battery banks is less than an upper limit threshold.

[0018] According to one embodiment, the step of calculating the second voltage of each of the plurality of battery banks based on the maximum value of the first voltages of the plurality of battery banks and the average value of the first voltages of each of the plurality of battery banks allows the first voltage of each of the plurality of battery banks to be calculated as the second voltage of each of the plurality of battery banks if the average value of the first voltages of each of the plurality of battery banks is equal to or greater than the upper limit threshold.

[0019] According to one embodiment, the step of setting the ranking of each of the plurality of battery banks based on a reference value which is the value of the second voltage of each of the plurality of battery banks relative to the average value of the second voltage of the plurality of battery banks can be calculated as the reference value of each of the plurality of battery banks relative to the average value of the second voltage of the plurality of battery banks and the maximum value of the upper limit threshold.

[0020] According to one embodiment, the step of diagnosing at least one of the plurality of battery banks based on the average value of the second voltages of the plurality of battery banks and the second voltage of each of the plurality of battery banks can be used to set the ranking of each of the plurality of battery banks based on a reference value which is the value of the second voltage of each of the plurality of battery banks relative to the average value of the second voltages of the plurality of battery banks.

[0021] According to one embodiment, the step of diagnosing at least one of the plurality of battery banks based on the average value of the second voltages of the plurality of battery banks and the second voltage of each of the plurality of battery banks can be performed by setting a ranking of the plurality of battery banks in order of the highest reference value, and determining the first battery bank as the first-ranked battery bank and the second battery bank as the second-ranked battery bank among the plurality of battery banks.

[0022] According to one embodiment, the step of diagnosing at least one of the plurality of battery banks based on the average value of the second voltages of the plurality of battery banks and the second voltage of each of the plurality of battery banks involves calculating a first deviation, which is the difference between the reference value of the first battery bank and the reference value of the second battery bank, calculating a second deviation, which is the difference between the second voltage of the first battery bank and the average value of the second voltages of the plurality of battery banks, and diagnosing the first battery bank based on the first deviation and the second deviation.

[0023] According to one embodiment, the step of diagnosing at least one battery bank among the plurality of battery banks based on the average value of the second voltages of the plurality of battery banks and the second voltage of each of the plurality of battery banks can diagnose the first battery bank when the reference value of the first battery bank exceeds a first threshold, the first deviation is less than a second threshold, and the second deviation exceeds a third threshold.

Effect of the Invention

[0024] According to the battery management device and its operation method according to one embodiment disclosed in this document, the battery bank can be accurately diagnosed by using the abnormal behavior of the voltage during the rest period of the battery bank.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0025] [Figure 1] It is a diagram showing a battery pack according to one embodiment disclosed in this document. [Figure 2] It is a block diagram showing the configuration of a battery management device according to one embodiment disclosed in this document. [Figure 3] It is a graph showing the change in voltage during the rest period of a battery bank according to one embodiment disclosed in this document. [Figure 4] It is a graph showing the change in the first voltage of a battery bank according to one embodiment disclosed in this document. [Figure 5] It is a graph showing the change in the accumulated first voltage of a battery bank according to one embodiment disclosed in this document. [Figure 6] It is a graph showing the change in the reference value of a battery bank according to one embodiment disclosed in this document. [Figure 7] It is a flowchart showing a method for diagnosing a battery bank of a controller according to one embodiment disclosed in this document. [Figure 8] It is a flowchart showing an operation method of a battery management device according to one embodiment disclosed in this document. [Figure 9] It is a flowchart showing an operation method of a battery management device according to another embodiment disclosed in this document. [Figure 10] This is a block diagram showing the hardware configuration of a computing system that implements the operating method of a battery management device according to one embodiment disclosed in this document. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0026] Some embodiments disclosed in this document will be described in detail below with reference to illustrative drawings. It should be noted that, when assigning reference numerals to components in each drawing, the same reference numerals will be used for the same components whenever possible when they appear in other drawings. Furthermore, when describing the embodiments disclosed in this document, if a specific description of a related known configuration or function is deemed to hinder understanding of the embodiments disclosed in this document, such detailed description will be omitted.

[0027] In describing the components of the embodiments disclosed herein, terms such as First, Second, A, B, (a), (b), etc., may be used. Such terms are merely for distinguishing a component from other components and do not limit the nature, order, or sequence of the component. Furthermore, unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein, including technical or scientific terms, have the same meaning as those generally understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art to which the embodiments disclosed herein belong. Terms defined in commonly used dictionaries should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant technology and should not be interpreted in an ideal or overly formal sense unless explicitly defined herein.

[0028] Figure 1 shows a battery pack according to one embodiment disclosed in this document. Referring to Figure 1, a battery pack 1000 according to one embodiment disclosed herein may include a battery module 100, a battery management device 200, and a relay 300. According to various embodiments, the battery module 100 may be a battery cell, in which case the battery pack 1000 may have a cell-to-pack structure.

[0029] Although Figure 1 shows only one battery module 100, the battery pack 1000 can have multiple battery modules forming a stacked structure. The battery module 100 can include multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140. Although Figure 1 shows four battery banks, the battery module 100 is not limited to this and can be configured to include n (where n is a natural number greater than or equal to 2) battery banks.

[0030] The battery module 100 can supply power to a target device (not shown). For this purpose, the battery module 100 can be electrically connected to the target device. Here, the target device may include, but is not limited to, an electrical, electronic, or mechanical device that operates on power supplied from a battery pack 1000 including the battery module 100, and may be an electric vehicle (EV) or an energy storage system (ESS).

[0031] The battery module 100 may include a plurality of battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140. Here, a battery bank can be defined as a series line composed of a plurality of battery cells within the battery module 100. According to the embodiment, the plurality of battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 can be connected in series with each other within the battery module 100. Figure 1 shows a configuration with four plurality of battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140, but is not limited to this, and the battery module 100 may be configured to include n (n is a natural number greater than or equal to 2) battery banks. According to the embodiment, the plurality of battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 can be electrically connected with each other to form a cell module assembly (CMA).

[0032] Multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 may contain multiple battery cells. A battery cell is the basic unit of a battery that can be used by charging and discharging electrical energy, and may be, but is not limited to, lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries, lithium-ion polymer (Li-ion polymer) batteries, nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd) batteries, nickel-metal hydride (Ni-MH) batteries, and the like. According to various embodiments, each of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 may contain a single battery cell. Multiple battery cells contained in each of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 may be connected in parallel with each other. Furthermore, the number of battery cells connected in parallel within each of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 may be the same.

[0033] The Battery Management System (BMS) 200 can manage and / or control the state and / or operation of the battery module 100. For example, the Battery Management System 200 can manage and / or control the state and / or operation of multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 contained within the battery module 100. The Battery Management System 200 can manage the charging and / or discharging of the battery module 100.

[0034] The battery management device 200 can control the operation of the relay 300. For example, the battery management device 200 can short-circuit the relay 300 to supply power to the target device. The battery management device 200 can also short-circuit the relay 300 when a charging device is connected to the battery pack 1000.

[0035] Furthermore, the battery management device 200 can monitor the voltage, current, temperature, etc., of the battery module 100 and / or the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 contained within the battery module 100. In addition, for monitoring via the battery management device 200, sensors and various measuring modules (not shown) can be further installed in the battery module 100, the charge / discharge path, or at any other location on the battery module 100. Based on the measured values ​​of voltage, current, temperature, etc., the battery management device 200 can calculate parameters indicating the state of the battery module 100, such as SOC (State of Charge) or SOH (State of Health).

[0036] Multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 may experience changes in various internal factors, such as decreased capacity and increased internal resistance, as their usage period or number of uses increases. The battery management device 200 can diagnose abnormal phenomena within the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 based on data of various factors that change as the battery banks deteriorate.

[0037] Specifically, the battery management device 200 can use voltage data from multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 to diagnose battery banks that contain battery cells where a wire break has occurred in the electrode tab, or battery cells where both a wire break and lithium deposition have occurred. Here, lithium deposition is a phenomenon in which lithium ions released from the positive electrode during charging of a battery cell cannot chemically bond with the negative electrode, and the lithium ions exist on the surface of the negative electrode in the form of metal. In a normal battery cell, lithium ions released from the positive electrode of the battery cell during charging are reduced into the negative electrode, but in a defective battery cell, some lithium ions may be deposited from the surface of the negative electrode in the form of lithium metal. If the lithium deposition phenomenon is repeated and lithium byproducts grow, they may come into contact with the positive electrode or the positive electrode current collector, potentially causing an internal short circuit between the negative and positive electrodes of the battery cell. In the case of a battery bank where an internal short circuit has occurred, a voltage deviation phenomenon may occur compared to a normal battery bank over time due to self-discharge.

[0038] Furthermore, battery cells can experience disconnections in the positive or negative electrode tabs due to various reasons such as defects during the production stage, internal deformation and modification due to multiple charge-discharge cycles, or external impacts. In such cases, if both lithium deposition and electrode tab disconnection occur in a battery cell, the electrodes of the disconnected battery cell and the electrodes of a normal battery cell may become connected to each other by the lithium deposits. If the negative electrode of the disconnected battery cell has a higher state of charge (SOC) than the negative electrode of a normal battery, the negative electrodes of the two battery cells may come into contact with each other by the lithium deposits, and charging may occur from the negative electrode of the disconnected battery cell to the negative electrode of the normal battery. Therefore, a battery cell in which both lithium deposition and electrode tab disconnection occur may experience faster and larger voltage changes compared to a normal battery cell.

[0039] Therefore, the battery management device 200 can diagnose a battery bank containing battery cells that have experienced electrode tab breakage and lithium deposition simultaneously, by comparing the voltage data of a battery bank during its idle period with the statistically normal voltage data of a normal battery bank during its idle period, using the phenomenon that battery cells in which electrode tab breakage and lithium deposition have occurred simultaneously experience faster and larger voltage changes compared to normal battery cells during their idle period.

[0040] Furthermore, the operation of the battery management device 200 can be performed by various devices such as a server, cloud, charger, or charger / discharger connected to the battery management device 200 or a vehicle equipped with the battery management device 200.

[0041] Figure 2 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a battery management device according to one embodiment disclosed in this document. The configuration of the battery management device 200 will be described in detail below with reference to Figure 2.

[0042] Referring to Figure 2, the battery management device 200 may include a voltage measuring unit 210 and a controller 220. The voltage measurement unit 210 can calculate the voltage of each of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140. The voltage measurement unit 210 can calculate time-series voltage data for each of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140. Specifically, the voltage measurement unit 210 can calculate the voltage rise and fall during charging, discharging, and rest periods of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140, as well as long-term stabilization (relaxation) data.

[0043] The voltage measurement unit 210 can calculate the voltages of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 during the rest period after they have been charged or discharged.

[0044] Figure 3 is a graph showing the voltage change during the idle period of a battery bank according to one embodiment disclosed in this document. Referring to Figure 3, the voltage measurement unit 210 can calculate the voltage of each of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 during the idle period and calculate the voltage change data for each of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140. During the idle period, a battery bank with a broken electrode tab may experience a faster and larger voltage change compared to a normal battery bank. Therefore, the voltage measurement unit 210 can measure the voltage of each of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 during the idle period and generate a graph showing the voltage change for each of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140.

[0045] The voltage measurement unit 210 calculates the voltage of each of the battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 at a set fixed period starting from the point when a certain period of idle time has elapsed for each of the battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140, and can accumulate the voltage changes of each of the battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140. Here, the fixed period can include, for example, 600 seconds, and the fixed period can include, for example, 200 seconds or 600 seconds. For example, the voltage measurement unit 210 can calculate the voltage of each of the battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 at a 200-second period or a 600-second period starting from the point when a 600-second period of idle time has elapsed for each of the battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140.

[0046] The controller 220 can calculate a first voltage (ΔV), which is the change in voltage during a fixed period for each of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140. For example, the controller 220 can calculate a first voltage (ΔV), which is the change in voltage for 200 seconds or 600 seconds starting from the point when 600 seconds have elapsed in the idle period for each of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140. That is, the controller 220 can compare the voltage measured 600 seconds after the idle period for each of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 with the voltage measured 800 seconds or 1200 seconds after the idle period, and calculate a first voltage (ΔV), which is the change in voltage for each of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 over a period of 200 seconds or 600 seconds.

[0047] Figure 4 is a graph showing the change in the first voltage of a battery bank according to one embodiment disclosed in this document. Referring to Figure 4, the controller 220 can repeatedly calculate the first voltage (ΔV) of each of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 at a constant period. For example, the controller 220 can repeatedly calculate the first voltage (ΔV) of each of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 at a 200-second or 600-second period. That is, the controller 220 continuously compares the voltage measured 600 seconds after the rest period, the voltage measured 800 seconds after the rest period, the voltage measured 1000 seconds after the rest period, etc., for each of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140, and can calculate the change in the first voltage (ΔV) of each of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 at a 200-second or 600-second period as a graph.

[0048] The controller 220 can calculate the maximum value (Max[ΔV]) of the first voltage (ΔV) of multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140. For example, the controller 220 can calculate the maximum value (Max[ΔV]) of the first voltage (ΔV) of multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 included in the same battery module.

[0049] The controller 220 can then calculate the average value (ΔV_avg) of the first voltages of each of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140. Specifically, the controller 220 can calculate the average value (ΔV_avg) of the first voltages (ΔV) of each of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 using the first voltages (ΔV) of each of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140, which have been repeatedly measured up to the point in time when the average value (ΔV_avg) of the first voltages of each of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 is calculated.

[0050] The controller 220 can compare the maximum value (Max[ΔV]) of the first voltage (ΔV) of multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140, and the average value (ΔV_avg) of the first voltages of each of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140, with a threshold. Furthermore, the controller 220 can correct the first voltage (ΔV) of each of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 based on the results of comparing the maximum value (Max[ΔV]) of the first voltage (ΔV) of multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140, and the average value (ΔV_avg) of the first voltages of each of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140, with the threshold.

[0051] First, the controller 220 can determine whether the maximum value (Max[ΔV]) of the first voltages (ΔV) of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 exceeds the lower threshold (LT). Here, the lower threshold (LT) is a value related to the noise level at which it can determine whether the first voltage (ΔV) of each of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 is noise data. In other words, the controller 220 compares the maximum value (Max[ΔV]) of the first voltages (ΔV) of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 with the lower threshold (LT) and can determine whether the first voltage (V) of each of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 is too small to be used for diagnosing the battery bank and is therefore noise data. Here, the lower threshold (LT) may be, for example, "0.5mV".

[0052] According to one embodiment, the controller 220 can initialize the first voltage (ΔV) of each of the battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 if the maximum value (Max[ΔV]) of the first voltage (ΔV) of each of the battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 is less than or equal to the lower threshold (LT). In other words, if the maximum value (Max[ΔV]) of the first voltage (ΔV) of each of the battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 is less than or equal to the lower threshold (LT), the controller 220 can determine that the first voltage (ΔV) of each of the battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 is noise data and initialize the battery banks without using the first voltage (ΔV) for diagnosis.

[0053] According to one embodiment, the controller 220 can maintain the first voltage (ΔV) of each of the battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 if the maximum value (Max[ΔV]) of the first voltage (ΔV) of each of the battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 exceeds the lower threshold (LT). In other words, if the maximum value (Max[ΔV]) of the first voltage (ΔV) of each of the battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 exceeds the lower threshold (LT), the magnitude of the first voltage (ΔV) of each of the battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 cannot be ignored as noise data, and the first voltage (ΔV) can be used for diagnosing the battery banks.

[0054] According to one embodiment, the controller 220 can accumulate the first voltages (ΔV) of the battery banks if the maximum value (Max[ΔV]) of the first voltages (ΔV) of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 exceeds the lower threshold (LT), and the average value (ΔV_avg) of the first voltages of at least one of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 is less than the upper threshold (UT). Here, the upper threshold (UT) may be, for example, "1mV".

[0055] Figure 5 is a graph showing the cumulative change in the first value of a battery bank according to one embodiment disclosed in this document. Referring to Figure 5, the controller 220 can diagnose a battery bank if the maximum value (Max[ΔV]) of the first voltage (ΔV) of multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 exceeds the lower threshold (LT), and the average value (ΔV_avg) of the first voltage of at least one of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 is less than the upper threshold (UT). The controller 220 can then accumulate the first voltage (ΔV) of the battery banks and diagnose the battery bank based on the accumulated amount of the first voltage (ΔV) over multiple cycles.

[0056] In other words, if the maximum value (Max[ΔV]) of the first voltage (ΔV) of multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 exceeds the lower threshold (LT), and the average value (ΔV_avg) of the first voltage of at least one of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 is less than the upper threshold (UT), the controller 220 does not consider the first voltage (ΔV) of the battery banks to be noise data. However, because the magnitude of the first voltage (ΔV) is not sufficient to diagnose the battery banks, the controller 220 accumulates the first voltage (ΔV) of the battery banks and can diagnose the battery banks based on the accumulated amount of the first voltage (ΔV) over multiple cycles. Therefore, after a certain period has elapsed, the controller 220 can recalculate the voltages of each of the battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140, add the newly calculated first voltage (ΔV) to the already stored first voltage (ΔV), and compare the cumulatively calculated first voltage (ΔV) again with the lower threshold (LT) and upper threshold (UT).

[0057] According to one embodiment, the controller 220 can calculate the first voltage (ΔV) of a battery bank as the second voltage (ΔV') if the maximum value (Max[ΔV]) of the first voltage (ΔV) of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 exceeds the lower threshold (LT), and the average value (ΔV_avg) of the first voltage of at least one of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 is equal to or greater than the upper threshold (UT). In other words, the controller 220 can set an upper threshold (UT) to prevent the first voltage (ΔV) of each of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 from accumulating continuously without limit. The controller 220 can calculate the second voltage (ΔV') of a battery bank by accumulating the first voltages (ΔV) of at least one of the battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 up to the point in time when it is determined that the first voltage is above the upper threshold (UT), if the average value (ΔV_avg) of the first voltage of at least one of the battery banks is above the upper threshold (UT).

[0058] The controller 220 can either initialize the first voltage (ΔV) of each of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 that is determined to be noise data, or accumulate the first voltage (ΔV) over multiple cycles, thereby preventing over-detection of battery banks due to the reflection of noise data.

[0059] The controller 220 can calculate the average value (ΔV'_avg) of the second voltage (ΔV') of each of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140. The controller 220 can also calculate the maximum value (Max) of the upper threshold (UT) between the average value (ΔV'_avg) of the second voltage (ΔV') of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 and the upper threshold (UT).

[0060] The controller 220 can calculate the ratio of the second voltage (ΔV') of each of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 to the maximum value of the upper limit threshold (UT), based on the average value (ΔV'_avg) of the second voltage (ΔV') of each of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140. Specifically, the controller 220 can calculate the ratio of the second voltage (ΔV') of each of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 to the maximum value of the upper limit threshold (UT), based on the average value (ΔV'_avg) of the second voltage (ΔV') of each of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140, as the reference value (R) for each of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140.

[0061] The controller 220 can calculate the reference value (R) for each of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 based on the following [Equation 1].

[0062] [Formula 1]

number

[0063] The controller 220 can use the Max function in the denominator of [Equation 1] for calculating the reference value (R). Specifically, the controller 220 can use the Max function to input the maximum value of the average value (ΔV'_avg) of the second voltage (ΔV') of multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 and the upper limit threshold (UT) into the denominator of [Equation 1].

[0064] The controller 220 can be configured to use the Max function in the denominator of [Equation 1] to diagnose the battery bank using a reference value (R) only when the magnitude of the second voltage (ΔV') of the battery bank is above a certain level. In other words, the controller 220 can be configured to use the Max function in the denominator of [Equation 1] to diagnose only when the magnitude of the second voltage (ΔV') of the battery bank is above an upper threshold (UT) which is the noise level.

[0065] Figure 6 is a graph showing the change in the reference value of a battery bank according to one embodiment disclosed in this document. Referring to Figure 6, the controller 220 can calculate a reference value (R) for each of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 at regular intervals. For example, the controller 220 can calculate the first voltage (ΔV) and the second voltage (ΔV') obtained by correcting the first voltage (ΔV) for each of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 at 200-second or 600-second intervals, and use the calculated second voltage (ΔV') to calculate the reference value (R) for each of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 at 200-second or 600-second intervals.

[0066] The controller 220 can set the ranking of multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 based on the reference value (R) of each of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140. The controller 220 can arrange the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 in descending order of reference value (R). The controller 220 can sequentially set the ranking of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 according to the order in which they are arranged based on the reference value (R). The controller 220 can determine that among the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140, the battery bank with the first rank based on the reference value (R) is the first battery bank (B1), and the battery bank with the second rank based on the reference value (R) is the second battery bank (B2).

[0067] The controller 220 can determine the first battery bank (B1), which is a potential target for diagnosis, based on the reference value (R) of each of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140.

[0068] Figure 7 is a flowchart showing a method for diagnosing the battery bank of a controller according to one embodiment disclosed in this document. The following will specifically explain how the controller 220 diagnoses the battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 based on their respective reference values ​​(R).

[0069] In step S101, the controller 220 can calculate the first deviation (D1) as "R_B1-R_B2", which is the difference between the reference value (R_B1) of the first battery bank (B1) and the reference value (R_B2) of the second battery bank (B2). In step S101, the controller 220 can calculate the first deviation (D1), which is the difference between the reference value (R_B1) of the first battery bank (B1), which is the potential diagnostic target with the largest voltage change relative to the reference value, and the reference value (R_B2) of the second battery bank (B2).

[0070] In step S102, the controller 220 can calculate the second deviation (D2) as the difference between the second voltage (ΔV'_B1) of the first battery bank (B1) and the average value (ΔV'_avg) of the second voltages (ΔV') of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140. The controller 220 can also calculate the second deviation (D2) as the absolute value (ABS) of the difference between the second voltage (ΔV'_B1) of the first battery bank (B1) and the average value (ΔV'_avg) of the second voltages (ΔV') of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140.

[0071] In step S103, the controller 220 can determine whether the reference value (R_B1) of the first battery bank (B1) exceeds the first threshold. Here, the first threshold can be set to, for example, "1.5". In step S103, the controller 220 determines the first battery bank (B1) among the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 that has the largest second voltage (ΔV') relative to the first battery bank (B1), and then compares the reference value (R_B1) of the first battery bank (B1) with the already set first threshold to absolutely evaluate the voltage change of the first battery bank (B1).

[0072] In step S104, the controller 220 can determine whether the first deviation (D1) exceeds the second threshold. Here, the second threshold can be set to, for example, "0.5". In step S104, the controller 220 determines, among the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140, which battery bank (B1) has the largest second voltage (ΔV') and which battery bank (B2) has the second largest second voltage (ΔV'). Then, it compares the first deviation (D1), which is the difference between the reference value (R_B1) of the first battery bank (B1) and the reference value (R_B2) of the second battery bank (B2), with the already set second threshold, and can relatively evaluate the voltage change of the first battery bank (B1).

[0073] In step S105, the controller 220 can determine whether the second deviation (D2) is less than the third threshold. Here, the third threshold can be set to, for example, "10mV". In step S105, the controller 220 can compare the difference between the second voltage (ΔV') of the first battery bank (B1) which has the largest second voltage (ΔV') among the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140, and the average value (ΔV'_avg) of the second voltages (ΔV') of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140, with the already set third threshold.

[0074] In step S106, the controller 220 can diagnose the first battery bank (B1) as an abnormal battery bank if the reference value (R_B1) of the first battery bank (B1) exceeds the first threshold, the first deviation (D1) exceeds the second threshold, and the second deviation (D2) is less than the third threshold.

[0075] Referring again to Figure 6, the controller 220 can diagnose the first battery bank (B1) having the largest second voltage (ΔV') among the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 when the reference value (R_B1) of the first battery bank (B1) exceeds the first threshold, the first deviation (D1) exceeds the second threshold, and the second deviation (D2) is less than the third threshold.

[0076] According to one embodiment, the controller 220 can diagnose the first battery bank (B1) as a battery bank containing a battery cell in which an electrode tab has broken, or a battery bank containing a battery cell in which both an electrode tab has broken and lithium deposition has occurred, if the reference value (R_B1) of the first battery bank (B1) exceeds the first threshold, the first deviation (D1) exceeds the second threshold, and the second deviation (D2) is less than the third threshold.

[0077] After the controller 220 diagnoses the first battery bank (B1) as a battery bank containing a battery cell in which an electrode tab has broken, or a battery bank containing a battery cell in which both an electrode tab has broken and lithium deposition has occurred, it can track and monitor whether an internal short circuit has occurred in the first battery bank (B1).

[0078] Furthermore, if the controller 220 confirms, as a result of the diagnosis, that an electrode tab has broken or that an electrode tab has broken and lithium deposition has occurred in the first battery bank (B1), it can provide information about the first battery bank (B1) to the user. For example, the controller 220 can provide information about the first battery bank (B1) where an electrode tab has broken or an electrode tab has broken and lithium deposition has occurred to the user terminal via a communication unit (not shown), and it can also provide information about the first battery bank (B1) via a display installed in the vehicle or charger, etc.

[0079] As described above, according to the battery management device 200 of one embodiment disclosed in this document, it is possible to diagnose a battery bank containing a battery cell in which an electrode tab has broken, or a battery bank containing a battery cell in which both an electrode tab has broken and lithium deposition has occurred, using the voltage behavior of the battery bank during its idle period.

[0080] The battery management device 200 can accurately diagnose a battery bank based on the voltage change amount of the battery bank and the ranking of the voltage changes amount between battery banks. Furthermore, the battery management device 200 can compare multiple voltage changes for each of the multiple battery banks and analyze all the short-term and long-term voltage behavior characteristics (features) of the battery banks.

[0081] The battery management device 200 uses the voltage change of the battery bank to diagnose battery banks where electrode tab breakage and lithium deposition have occurred at an early stage, thereby ensuring the safety and reliability of the battery energy. Furthermore, since the battery management device 200 diagnoses battery banks where electrode tab breakage and lithium deposition have occurred while the batteries are installed in the vehicle, separate separation of the batteries is unnecessary, allowing for quick and easy diagnosis of the battery bank.

[0082] Figure 8 is a flowchart showing the operation method of a battery management device according to one embodiment disclosed in this document. The operation method of the battery management device 200 will be explained in detail below with reference to Figures 1 to 7.

[0083] Since the battery management device 200 is substantially the same as the battery management device 200 described with reference to Figures 1 to 7, a brief description will be given below to avoid repetition.

[0084] Referring to Figure 8, the operation method of the battery management device may include the steps of: measuring the voltage of each of the multiple battery banks (S201); calculating a first voltage, which is the amount of voltage change over a certain period for each of the multiple battery banks (S202); calculating a second voltage for each of the multiple battery banks based on the maximum value of the first voltages of the multiple battery banks and the average value of the first voltages of the multiple battery banks (S203); and diagnosing at least one of the multiple battery banks based on the average value of the second voltages of the multiple battery banks and the second voltage of each of the multiple battery banks (S204).

[0085] The following provides a detailed explanation of steps S201 through S204. In step S201, the voltage measurement unit 210 can calculate the voltage of each of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140. The voltage measurement unit 210 can calculate time-series voltage data for each of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140. Specifically, the voltage measurement unit 210 can calculate the voltage rise and fall during charging, discharging, and rest periods of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140, as well as long-term stabilization (relaxation) data.

[0086] In step S201, the voltage measurement unit 210 can calculate the voltages of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 during the rest period after they have been charged or discharged.

[0087] In step S201, the voltage measurement unit 210 can calculate the voltage of each of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 during the idle period and calculate the voltage change data for each of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140. During the idle period, a battery bank with a broken electrode tab may experience a faster and larger voltage change compared to a normal battery bank. Therefore, the voltage measurement unit 210 can measure the voltage of each of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 during the idle period and generate a graph showing the voltage change for each of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140.

[0088] In step S201, the voltage measurement unit 210 calculates the voltage of each of the battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 at a set fixed period starting from the point when a certain period of rest for each of the battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 has elapsed, and can accumulate the voltage changes of each of the battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140. Here, the fixed period can include, for example, 600 seconds, and the fixed period can include, for example, 200 seconds or 600 seconds. In step S201, for example, the voltage measurement unit 210 can calculate the voltage of each of the battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 at a 200-second or 600-second period starting from the point when a 600-second period of rest for each of the battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 has elapsed.

[0089] In step S202, the controller 220 can calculate a first voltage (ΔV), which is the change in voltage during a certain period for each of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140. In step S202, for example, the controller 220 can calculate a first voltage (ΔV), which is the change in voltage over a period of 200 seconds or 600 seconds starting from the point when the idle period for each of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 has elapsed by 600 seconds.

[0090] In step S202, the controller 220 can repeatedly calculate the first voltage (ΔV) of each of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 at a constant period. In step S202, for example, the controller 220 can repeatedly calculate the first voltage (ΔV) of each of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 at a 200-second or 600-second period. In step S202, that is, the controller 220 can continuously compare the voltages measured at 600 seconds after the rest period, the voltage measured at 800 seconds after the rest period, the voltage measured at 1000 seconds after the rest period, etc., for each of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140, and calculate the change in the first voltage (ΔV) of each of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 at a 200-second or 600-second period as a graph.

[0091] In step S203, the controller 220 can calculate the second voltage (ΔV') for each of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 based on the maximum value (Max[ΔV]) of the first voltage (ΔV) of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 and the average value (ΔV_avg) of the first voltages of the multiple battery banks. In step S203, the controller 220 can calculate the maximum value (Max[ΔV]) of the first voltage (ΔV) of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140. For example, the controller 220 can calculate the maximum value (Max[ΔV]) of the first voltage (ΔV) of multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 included in the same battery module.

[0092] In step S203, the controller 220 can calculate the average value (ΔV_avg) of the first voltages of each of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140. Specifically, the controller 220 can calculate the average value (ΔV_avg) of the first voltages (ΔV) of each of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 using the first voltages (ΔV) of each of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 that have been repeatedly measured up to the point in time for calculating the average value (ΔV_avg) of the first voltages of each of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140.

[0093] In step S203, the controller 220 can compare the maximum value (Max[ΔV]) of the first voltages (ΔV) of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140, and the average value (ΔV_avg) of the first voltages of each of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140, with a threshold. In step S203, the controller 220 can correct the first voltages (ΔV) of each of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 based on the result of comparing the maximum value (Max[ΔV]) of the first voltages (ΔV) of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140, and the average value (ΔV_avg) of the first voltages of each of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140, with the threshold.

[0094] In step S203, the controller 220 can determine whether the maximum value (Max[ΔV]) of the first voltages (ΔV) of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 exceeds the lower threshold (LT). Here, the lower threshold (LT) is a value related to the noise level at which it can determine whether the first voltage (ΔV) of each of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 is noise data. In step S203, the controller 220 compares the maximum value (Max[ΔV]) of the first voltages (ΔV) of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 with the lower threshold (LT) and can determine whether the first voltage (V) of each of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 is noise data that is too small to be used for diagnosing the battery bank. Here, the lower threshold (LT) may be, for example, "0.5mV".

[0095] In step S203, according to one embodiment, the controller 220 can initialize the first voltage (ΔV) of each of the battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 if the maximum value (Max[ΔV]) of the first voltage (ΔV) of each of the battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 is less than or equal to the lower threshold (LT). That is, if the maximum value (Max[ΔV]) of the first voltage (ΔV) of each of the battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 is less than or equal to the lower threshold (LT), the controller 220 can determine that the first voltage (ΔV) of each of the battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 is noise data and initialize the battery banks without using the first voltage (V) for diagnosis.

[0096] In step S203, according to one embodiment, if the maximum value (Max[ΔV]) of the first voltages (ΔV) of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 exceeds the lower threshold (LT), the controller 220 can maintain the first voltages (ΔV) of each of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140. That is, if the maximum value (Max[ΔV]) of the first voltages (ΔV) of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 exceeds the lower threshold (LT), the magnitude of the first voltages (ΔV) of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 cannot be ignored as noise data, and the first voltages (ΔV) can be used for diagnosing the battery banks.

[0097] In step S203, according to one embodiment, the controller 220 can accumulate the first voltages (ΔV) of the battery banks if the maximum value (Max[ΔV]) of the first voltages (ΔV) of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 exceeds the lower threshold (LT), and the average value (ΔV_avg) of the first voltages of at least one of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 is less than the upper threshold (UT). Here, the upper threshold (UT) may be, for example, "1mV".

[0098] In step S203, the controller 220 can diagnose a battery bank if the maximum value (Max[ΔV]) of the first voltage (ΔV) of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 exceeds the lower threshold (LT), and the average value (ΔV_avg) of the first voltage of at least one of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 is less than the upper threshold (UT), by accumulating the first voltage (ΔV) of the battery banks and diagnose the battery bank based on the accumulated amount of the first voltage (ΔV) over multiple cycles.

[0099] In step S203, the controller 220 does not consider the first voltage (ΔV) of a battery bank to be noise data if the maximum value (Max[ΔV]) of the first voltage (ΔV) of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 exceeds the lower threshold (LT), and the average value (ΔV_avg) of the first voltage of at least one of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 is less than the upper threshold (UT). However, because the magnitude of the first voltage (ΔV) is not sufficient to diagnose the battery bank, the controller 220 accumulates the first voltage (ΔV) of the battery bank and can diagnose the battery bank based on the accumulated amount of the first voltage (ΔV) over multiple cycles. In step S203, the controller 220 can therefore recalculate the voltages of each of the battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 after a certain period has elapsed, and compare the cumulatively calculated first voltage (ΔV) obtained by adding the newly calculated first voltage (V) to the already stored first voltage (ΔV) with the lower threshold (LT) and upper threshold (UT) again.

[0100] In step S203, according to one embodiment, the controller 220 can calculate the first voltage (ΔV) of a battery bank as the second voltage (ΔV') if the maximum value (Max[ΔV]) of the first voltage (ΔV) of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 exceeds the lower threshold (LT), and the average value (ΔV_avg) of the first voltage of at least one of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 is equal to or greater than the upper threshold (UT). The controller 220 can set an upper threshold (UT) to prevent the first voltage (ΔV) of each of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 from accumulating continuously without limit. The controller 220 can calculate the second voltage (ΔV') of a battery bank by accumulating the first voltages (ΔV) of at least one of the battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 up to the point in time when it is determined that the first voltage is above the upper threshold (UT), if the average value (ΔV_avg) of the first voltage of at least one of the battery banks is above the upper threshold (UT).

[0101] In step S204, the controller 220 can diagnose at least one of the battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 based on the average value (ΔV'_avg) of the second voltages (ΔV') of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 and the second voltage (ΔV') of each of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140.

[0102] Figure 9 is a flowchart showing the operation method of a battery management device according to another embodiment disclosed in this document. The following describes in detail how to diagnose at least one of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140, with reference to Figure 9.

[0103] Referring to Figure 9, in step S301, the controller 220 can calculate the average value (ΔV'_avg) of the second voltage (ΔV') of each of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140. In step S301, the controller 220 can calculate the maximum value (Max) of the average value (ΔV'_avg) of the second voltage (ΔV') of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 and the upper limit threshold (UT).

[0104] In step S301, the controller 220 can calculate the ratio of the second voltage (ΔV') of each of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 to the maximum value of the upper limit threshold (UT) and the average value (ΔV'_avg) of the second voltage (ΔV') of each of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140. In step S301, the controller 220 can calculate the ratio of the ratio of the second voltage (ΔV') of each of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 to the maximum value of the upper limit threshold (UT) and the average value (ΔV'_avg) of the second voltage (ΔV') of each of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 to the maximum value of the upper limit threshold (UT) and use these as reference values ​​(R) for each of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140.

[0105] In step S301, the controller 220 can calculate the reference value (R) for each of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 based on the following [Equation 2].

[0106] [Formula 2]

number

[0107] In step S301, the controller 220 can use the Max function in the denominator of [Equation 2] used to calculate the reference value (R). Specifically, the controller 220 can use the Max function to input the maximum value of the average value (ΔV'_avg) of the second voltage (ΔV') of multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 and the upper limit threshold (UT) into the denominator of [Equation 2].

[0108] In step S301, the controller 220 can be configured to use the Max function in the denominator of [Equation 2] and to diagnose the battery bank using a reference value (R) only when the magnitude of the second voltage (ΔV') of the battery bank is above a certain level.

[0109] In step S301, the controller 220 can calculate a reference value (R) for each of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 at regular intervals. In step S301, for example, the controller 220 can calculate a first voltage (ΔV) and a second voltage (ΔV') obtained by correcting the first voltage (ΔV) for each of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 at 200-second or 600-second intervals, and use the calculated second voltage (V') to calculate a reference value (R) for each of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 at 200-second or 600-second intervals.

[0110] In step S302, the controller 220 can set the ranking of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 based on the reference value (R) of each of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140. In step S302, the controller 220 can arrange the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 in descending order of reference value (R). In step S302, the controller 220 can sequentially set the ranking of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 according to the order in which they were arranged based on the reference value (R). In step S302, the controller 220 can determine that among the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140, the battery bank with the first rank based on the reference value (R) is the first battery bank (B1), and the battery bank with the second rank based on the reference value (R) is the second battery bank (B2).

[0111] In step S302, the controller 220 can determine the first battery bank (B1), which is a potential target for diagnosis, based on the reference value (R) of each of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140.

[0112] In step S303, the controller 220 can calculate the first deviation (D1) as "R_B1-R_B2", which is the difference between the reference value (R_B1) of the first battery bank (B1) and the reference value (R_B2) of the second battery bank (B2). In step S303, the controller 220 can calculate the first deviation (D1), which is the difference between the reference value (R_B1) of the first battery bank (B1), which is the potential diagnostic target with the largest voltage change relative to the reference value, and the reference value (R_B2) of the second battery bank (B2).

[0113] In step S304, the controller 220 can calculate the second deviation (D2) as the difference between the second voltage (ΔV'_B1) of the first battery bank (B1) and the average value (ΔV'_avg) of the second voltages (ΔV') of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140. In step S304, the controller 220 can calculate the second deviation (D2) as the absolute value (ABS) of the difference between the second voltage (ΔV'_B1) of the first battery bank (B1) and the average value (ΔV'_avg) of the second voltages (ΔV') of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140.

[0114] In step S305, the controller 220 can determine whether the reference value (R_B1) of the first battery bank (B1) exceeds the first threshold. Here, the first threshold can be set to, for example, "1.5". In step S305, the controller 220 determines the first battery bank (B1) among the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 that has the largest second voltage (ΔV') relative to the first battery bank (B1), and then compares the reference value (R_B1) of the first battery bank (B1) with the already set first threshold to absolutely evaluate the voltage change of the first battery bank (B1).

[0115] In step S305, the controller 220 can determine whether the first deviation (D1) exceeds the second threshold. Here, the second threshold can be set to, for example, "0.5". In step S305, the controller 220 determines, among the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140, which battery bank (B1) has the largest second voltage (ΔV') and which battery bank (B2) has the second largest second voltage (ΔV'). Then, it compares the first deviation (D1), which is the difference between the reference value (R_B1) of the first battery bank (B1) and the reference value (R_B2) of the second battery bank (B2), with the already set second threshold, and can relatively evaluate the voltage change of the first battery bank (B1).

[0116] In step S305, the controller 220 can determine whether the second deviation (D2) is less than the third threshold. Here, the third threshold can be set to, for example, "10mV". In step S305, the controller 220 can compare the difference between the second voltage (ΔV') of the first battery bank (B1) which has the largest second voltage (ΔV') among the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140, and the average value (ΔV'_avg) of the second voltages (ΔV') of the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140, with the already set third threshold.

[0117] In step S305, the controller 220 can diagnose the first battery bank (B1) as an abnormal battery bank if the reference value (R_B1) of the first battery bank (B1) exceeds the first threshold, the first deviation (D1) exceeds the second threshold, and the second deviation (D2) is less than the third threshold.

[0118] In step S305, the controller 220 can diagnose the first battery bank (B1) among the multiple battery banks 110, 120, 130, and 140 that has the largest second voltage (ΔV') relative to the first battery bank (B1) when the reference value (R_B1) of the first battery bank (B1) exceeds the first threshold, the first deviation (D1) exceeds the second threshold, and the second deviation (D2) is less than the third threshold.

[0119] In step S305, according to one embodiment, if the reference value (R_B1) of the first battery bank (B1) exceeds the first threshold, the first deviation (D1) exceeds the second threshold, and the second deviation (D2) is less than the third threshold, the controller 220 can diagnose the first battery bank (B1) as a battery bank containing a battery cell in which an electrode tab has broken, or a battery bank containing a battery cell in which both an electrode tab has broken and lithium deposition has occurred.

[0120] In step S305, the controller 220 can determine whether the first battery bank (B1) contains a battery cell in which an electrode tab has broken, or a battery bank containing a battery cell in which both an electrode tab has broken and lithium deposition has occurred, and then track and monitor whether an internal short circuit has occurred in the first battery bank (B1).

[0121] In step S305, if the controller 220 confirms as a result of the diagnosis that an electrode tab has broken or an electrode tab has broken and lithium deposition has occurred in the first battery bank (B1), it can provide information about the first battery bank (B1) to the user. For example, the controller 220 can provide information about the first battery bank (B1) where an electrode tab has broken or an electrode tab has broken and lithium deposition has occurred to the user terminal via a communication unit (not shown), and can also provide information about the first battery bank (B1) via a display provided in the vehicle or charger, etc.

[0122] Figure 10 is a block diagram showing the hardware configuration of a computing system that implements the operation method of a battery management device according to one embodiment disclosed in this document.

[0123] Referring to Figure 10, the computing system 2000 according to one embodiment disclosed in this document may include an MCU 2100, a memory 2200, an input / output I / F 2300, and a communication I / F 2400.

[0124] The MCU2100 may be a processor that executes various programs stored in the memory 2200 (for example, a battery voltage change analysis program), processes various data through such programs, and performs the functions of the battery management device 200 shown in Figure 1 above.

[0125] The memory 2200 can store various programs related to the operation of the battery management device 200. The memory 2200 can also store the operation data of the battery management device 200.

[0126] Multiple such memory 2200s may be provided as needed. The memory 2200 may be volatile or non-volatile. As volatile memory, RAM, DRAM, SRAM, etc., can be used. As non-volatile memory, ROM, PROM, EAROM, EPROM, EEPROM, flash memory, etc., can be used. The examples of memory 2200 listed above are merely illustrative and the system is not limited to these examples.

[0127] The I / O I / F 2300 can provide an interface that connects input devices (not shown), such as keyboards, mice, and touch panels, with output devices (not shown), such as displays, and the MCU 2100, enabling data transmission and reception.

[0128] The communication interface 2400 is configured to send and receive various data with the server and may be various devices that support wired or wireless communication. For example, programs for resistance measurement and anomaly diagnosis, as well as various data, can be sent and received from a separately provided external server via the communication interface 2400.

[0129] The above description is merely illustrative of the technical concept of this disclosure, and any person with ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs can make various modifications and alterations without departing from the essential characteristics of this disclosure.

[0130] Therefore, the embodiments disclosed herein are for illustrative purposes only, and not to limit the technical concept of the disclosure, and such embodiments do not limit the scope of the technical concept of the disclosure. The scope of protection of this disclosure must be interpreted in accordance with the claims set forth below, and all technical concepts within an equivalent scope should be interpreted as being included in the scope of rights of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A voltage measuring unit that measures the voltage of each of the multiple battery banks, The first voltage, which is the change in voltage during a certain period for each of the aforementioned multiple battery banks, is calculated. Based on the maximum value among the first voltages of the plurality of battery banks and the average value of the first voltages of each of the plurality of battery banks, the second voltage of each of the plurality of battery banks is calculated. A controller that diagnoses at least one of the plurality of battery banks based on the average value of the second voltages of the plurality of battery banks and the second voltage of each of the plurality of battery banks, A battery management device, including a battery management device.

2. The aforementioned controller, The battery management device according to claim 1, wherein if the maximum value among the first voltages of the plurality of battery banks is less than or equal to a lower threshold, the first voltage of each of the plurality of battery banks is initialized.

3. The aforementioned controller, The maximum value among the first voltages of the plurality of battery banks exceeds the lower threshold, The battery management device according to claim 2, wherein if the average value of the first voltages of each of the plurality of battery banks is less than an upper threshold, the first voltages of each of the plurality of battery banks are accumulated.

4. The aforementioned controller, The maximum value among the first voltages of the plurality of battery banks exceeds the lower threshold, The battery management device according to claim 3, wherein if the average value of the first voltages of each of the plurality of battery banks is greater than or equal to the upper limit threshold, the first voltage of each of the plurality of battery banks is calculated as the second voltage of each of the plurality of battery banks.

5. The battery management device according to claim 4, wherein the controller calculates the value of the second voltage of each of the multiple battery banks relative to the average value of the second voltages of the multiple battery banks and the maximum value of the upper limit threshold as a reference value for each of the multiple battery banks.

6. The battery management device according to claim 5, wherein the controller sets the ranking of each of the plurality of battery banks based on the reference value of each of the plurality of battery banks.

7. The battery management device according to claim 6, wherein the controller sets a ranking of the plurality of battery banks in order of the highest reference value, and determines the first battery bank which is the first rank and the second battery bank which is the second rank among the plurality of battery banks.

8. The controller calculates a first deviation, which is the difference between the reference value of the first battery bank and the reference value of the second battery bank. The second deviation, which is the difference between the second voltage of the first battery bank and the average value of the second voltages of the plurality of battery banks, is calculated. The battery management device according to claim 7, which diagnoses the first battery bank based on the first deviation and the second deviation.

9. The battery management device according to claim 8, which diagnoses the first battery bank when the reference value of the first battery bank exceeds a first threshold, the first deviation is less than a second threshold, and the second deviation exceeds a third threshold.

10. The steps include measuring the voltage of each of the multiple battery banks, The steps include: calculating a first voltage, which is the amount of change in voltage during a certain period for each of the plurality of battery banks; A step of calculating the second voltage of each of the plurality of battery banks based on the maximum value of the first voltages of the plurality of battery banks and the average value of the first voltages of each of the plurality of battery banks, A step of diagnosing at least one of the plurality of battery banks based on the average value of the second voltages of the plurality of battery banks and the second voltage of each of the plurality of battery banks, A method for operating a battery management device, including the operation of the battery management device.

11. The step of calculating the second voltage of each of the plurality of battery banks based on the maximum value among the first voltages of the plurality of battery banks and the average value of the first voltages of each of the plurality of battery banks is: The operation method of the battery management device according to claim 10, wherein if the maximum value among the first voltages of the plurality of battery banks is less than or equal to a lower threshold, the first voltage of each of the plurality of battery banks is initialized.

12. The step of calculating the second voltage of each of the plurality of battery banks based on the maximum value among the first voltages of the plurality of battery banks and the average value of the first voltages of each of the plurality of battery banks is: A method for operating a battery management device according to claim 11, wherein if the average value of the first voltages of each of the plurality of battery banks is less than an upper threshold, the first voltages of each of the plurality of battery banks are accumulated.

13. The step of calculating the second voltage of each of the plurality of battery banks based on the maximum value among the first voltages of the plurality of battery banks and the average value of the first voltages of each of the plurality of battery banks is: The method for operating a battery management device according to claim 12, wherein if the average value of the first voltages of each of the plurality of battery banks is greater than or equal to the upper limit threshold, the first voltage of each of the plurality of battery banks is calculated as the second voltage of each of the plurality of battery banks.

14. The step of setting the ranking of each of the plurality of battery banks based on a reference value which is the value of the second voltage of each of the plurality of battery banks relative to the average value of the second voltage of the plurality of battery banks is: A method for operating a battery management device according to claim 13, wherein the value of the second voltage of each of the plurality of battery banks relative to the average value of the second voltages of the plurality of battery banks and the maximum value of the upper limit threshold is calculated as a reference value for each of the plurality of battery banks.

15. The step of diagnosing at least one of the plurality of battery banks based on the average value of the second voltages of the plurality of battery banks and the second voltage of each of the plurality of battery banks is: A method for operating a battery management device according to claim 14, wherein the order of each of the multiple battery banks is set based on the reference value of each of the multiple battery banks.

16. The step of diagnosing at least one of the plurality of battery banks based on the average value of the second voltages of the plurality of battery banks and the second voltage of each of the plurality of battery banks is: A method for operating a battery management device according to claim 15, comprising setting a ranking for the plurality of battery banks in order of the highest reference value, and determining the first battery bank, which is the first-ranked battery bank, and the second battery bank, which is the second-ranked battery bank, among the plurality of battery banks.

17. The step of diagnosing at least one of the plurality of battery banks based on the average value of the second voltages of the plurality of battery banks and the second voltage of each of the plurality of battery banks is: The first deviation, which is the difference between the reference value of the first battery bank and the reference value of the second battery bank, is calculated. The second deviation, which is the difference between the second voltage of the first battery bank and the average value of the second voltages of the plurality of battery banks, is calculated. A method for operating a battery management device according to claim 16, comprising diagnosing the first battery bank based on the first deviation and the second deviation.

18. The step of diagnosing at least one of the plurality of battery banks based on the average value of the second voltages of the plurality of battery banks and the second voltage of each of the plurality of battery banks is: A method for operating a battery management device according to claim 17, wherein the first battery bank is diagnosed when the reference value of the first battery bank exceeds a first threshold, the first deviation is less than a second threshold, and the second deviation exceeds a third threshold.

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