Phosphate-containing electrolyte additive for aqueous batteries

Abstract

This specification provides phosphorus cell electrolyte additive chemicals for use in aqueous batteries, which prevent self-discharge in the form of corrosion and hydrogen generation, improve battery efficiency, and extend storage life.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] [Cross-reference of related applications] This application claims priority and benefits of U.S. Patent Application No. 63 / 495,020, filed on April 7, 2023, and these disclosures in their entirety constitute part of this Specified by reference for any purpose.

[0002] This disclosure relates to a phosphorus-containing electrolyte additive for use in zinc batteries. This additive prevents self-discharge, corrosion, and hydrogen generation. As a result, the additive described herein enhances the Coulomb efficiency of zinc batteries, increases cycle life, and extends storage life. [Background technology]

[0003] Zinc is non-toxic, inexpensive, and compatible with aqueous electrolytes. Zinc-based batteries are non-flammable and environmentally friendly. When used in aqueous electrolyte batteries, zinc can generate hydrogen gas due to corrosion of the zinc electrodes and self-discharge. This can shorten the battery's storage life, reduce cycle efficiency and battery capacity, and increase internal pressure, potentially leading to mechanical failure. For example, there is a need for compositions, including but not limited to aqueous electrolyte additives, to reduce hydrogen generation and corrosion in zinc batteries, as well as methods for manufacturing and using them. [Overview of the Initiative]

[0004] This specification provides novel phosphorus-containing electrolyte additive chemicals for zinc batteries. Surprisingly, it has been found that the phosphorus-containing electrolyte additives described herein, at any specific concentration and combination, reduce hydrogen generation in zinc batteries, resulting in batteries with improved Coulomb efficiency, shelf life, and safety.

[0005] In this specification, Formula I or Formula II: TIFF2026518104000001.tif27170 (in the formula, R 1 and R 2is independently hydrogen, -OH, C 1~20 alkoxy, -C 1~6 alkyl-C(O)OR 6 , hydroxyC 1~6 alkyl, C 6~10 aryl, C 6~10 arylC 1~6 alkyl, C 6~10 aryloxy and C 6~10 arylC 1~6 alkoxy, where C 6~10 aryl is optionally substituted with at least one R 7 and, R 3 is hydrogen, C 1~6 alkyl, hydroxyC 1~6 alkyl, C 6~10 aryl or C 6~10 arylC 1~6 alkyl, where C 6~10 aryl or C 6~10 arylC 1~6 alkyl is optionally substituted with at least one R 7 or, R 1 and R 3 together form a C 1 and R 3 bonded -P(R 2 )(O)O- group-containing C 3~10 heterocycle, where C 3~10 heterocycle is optionally substituted with at least one R 7 group and / or C 3~10 heterocycle is optionally fused to one or two C 6~10 aryl groups, or, R 1 , R 2 and R 3 together form a C 1 , R 2 and R 3 bonded -P(O)O- group-containing bridged C 3~10 heterocycle, where C 3~10 heterocycle is optionally substituted with at least one R 7 group, R 4 and R 5 These are independently hydrogen, -OH, and C. 1~20 Alkoxy, -C 1~6 Alkyl-C(O)OR 6 , hydroxy C 1~6 Alkyl, C 6~10 Ariel, C 6~10 Aryl C 1~6 Alkyl, C 6~10 Aryloxy and C 6~10 Aryl C 1~6 Selected from alkyloxy, where C 6~10 The aryl group, either alone or as part of another group, has at least one R 7 It can be arbitrarily replaced with, or R 3 and R 4 Together, R 3 and R 4 -P(R 5 )C containing at least an O-group 3~10 It forms a heterocycle, where C 3~10 A complex algebra is one in which at least one R 7 It is arbitrarily substituted in the base, or, R 3 , R 4 and R 5 Together, R 3 , R 4 and R 5 Crosslinked C containing at least -PO- groups to which are bonded 3~10 It forms a heterocycle, where C 3~10 A complex algebra is one in which at least one R 7 It is arbitrarily substituted in the base, R 6 is hydrogen or C 1~6 It is alkyl, R 7 C 1~6 Alkyl, -OH, and hydroxyC 1~6 Selected from alkyl, R 7 An aqueous electrolyte comprising at least one electrolyte additive (which is not further substituted) or a salt thereof, its anion, its hydrolysis product, its tautomer, or its electrochemical reduction product, The aqueous electrolyte is optionally Na+ , K + Ca 2+ Zn 2+ , further comprising one or more ions selected from the group consisting of quaternary ammonium cations having a net positive charge of 1 and combinations thereof, An aqueous electrolyte is provided, wherein at least one electrolyte additive is present in the aqueous electrolyte at a concentration of 0.001 wt% to 50 wt% or less.

[0006] In a particular embodiment, the concentration of the electrolyte additive is the concentration of a single additive of formula I, formula II, formula PI, or formula P-II, or its salt, its anion, its hydrolysis product, or its electrochemical reduction product. In a particular embodiment, the concentration of the electrolyte additive is the concentration of a combination of additives of formula I, formula II, formula PI, and / or formula P-II, or its salt, its anion, its hydrolysis product, or its electrochemical reduction product.

[0007] In a preferred embodiment, the electrolyte additive or combination of electrolyte additives is present in the electrolyte at a concentration of about 0.001 wt% to 35 wt%. In one embodiment, the electrolyte additive or combination of electrolyte additives is present at concentrations of about 0.001 wt% to 10 wt%, about 0.5 wt% to 5 wt%, about 0.5 wt% to 1.5 wt%, about 1 wt% to 2 wt%, or about 0.001 wt% to 0.05 wt%. In a preferred embodiment, the electrolyte additive or combination of electrolyte additives is present in the electrolyte at a concentration of about 0.001 wt% to 35 wt%. In another preferred embodiment, the electrolyte additive or combination of electrolyte additives is present in the electrolyte at a concentration of about 0.001 wt% to 30 wt%. In one embodiment, the electrolyte additive or combination of electrolyte additives is present at concentrations of approximately 0.001 wt% to 10 wt%, approximately 0.5 wt% to 5 wt%, approximately 0.5 wt% to 1.5 wt%, approximately 1 wt% to 2 wt%, or approximately 0.001 wt% to 0.05 wt%. In one embodiment, the electrolyte additive or combination of electrolyte additives is present at a concentration of less than approximately 0.5 wt%. In one embodiment, the electrolyte additive or combination of electrolyte additives is present at a concentration of approximately 0.5 wt%. In one embodiment, the electrolyte additive or combination of electrolyte additives is present at a concentration of approximately 1 wt%. In one embodiment, the electrolyte additive or combination of electrolyte additives is present at a concentration of approximately 1.5 wt%. In one embodiment, the electrolyte additive or combination of electrolyte additives is present at a concentration of approximately 2 wt%.

[0008] In one embodiment, the aqueous electrolyte contains two electrolyte additives, and the concentration of each additive is approximately 0.5 wt% to 5 wt%. In one embodiment, the aqueous electrolyte contains two electrolyte additives, and the total concentration of the two additives is approximately 0.5 wt% to 5 wt%.

[0009] In one embodiment, the aqueous electrolyte contains two electrolyte additives, and the concentration of each additive is approximately 0.1 wt% to 1 wt%. In one embodiment, the aqueous electrolyte contains two electrolyte additives, and the total concentration of the two additives is approximately 0.1 wt% to 1 wt%.

[0010] In one embodiment, the aqueous electrolyte contains two electrolyte additives, and the concentration of each additive is about 0.001 wt% to 0.5 wt%. In one embodiment, the aqueous electrolyte contains two electrolyte additives, and the total concentration of the two additives is about 0.001 wt% to 0.5 wt%.

[0011] In one embodiment, the electrolyte composition is of Formula IA, Formula IB, Formula IC or Formula ID: TIFF2026518104000002.tif45170(wherein R 2 and R 7 are as defined herein, and n is an integer selected from 0, 1, and 2).

[0012] In one embodiment, the electrolyte composition is of Formula IIA or Formula IIB: TIFF2026518104000003.tif49170(wherein R 7 , R 5 and n are as defined herein).

[0013] The molecules disclosed herein exist in dynamic equilibrium with their deprotonated analogs, and the equilibrium constant is temperature-dependent. For example, a particular molecule has a labile hydrogen ion (i.e., a proton) and exists in a thermodynamic equilibrium. The labile proton associates and dissociates from the molecule. In basic electrolytes and certain acidic electrolytes, such as those commonly used in zinc batteries, the above-described battery additives can exist in deprotonated form in the electrolyte. For example, under certain conditions, when R 3 is H, R 3 in Formulas I and II exists as -O - rather than -OH, resulting in additives of Formulas I-1 and II-1: TIFF2026518104000004.tif29170where Formula I-1 or Formula II-1 is Na + , K + , Zn 2+ , Ca 2+And optionally further comprises a cation selected from quaternary ammonium cations having a net positive charge. In one embodiment, the compound of formula I-1 is K + comprises. In one embodiment, the compound of formula II-1 is K + comprises.

[0014] Furthermore, under certain conditions, when R 2 in formula I-1 is OH and R 5 in formula II-1 is OH, R 2 and R 5 are present not as -OH but as -O - and result in the additives of formula I-2 and formula II-2: TIFF2026518104000005.tif32170 where formula I-2 or formula II-2 optionally further comprises one or more cations selected from Na + , K + , Zn 2+ , Ca 2+ and quaternary ammonium cations having a net positive charge. In one embodiment, the compound of formula I-2 comprises two Na + cations. In one embodiment, the compound of formula II-2 comprises two Na + cations.

[0015] Furthermore, under certain conditions, when R 1 and R 2 in formula I-1 are OH, R 1 and R 2 are both present not as -OH but as -O - and can result in the additive of formula I-3. Similarly, when R 4 and R 5 in formula II-1 are OH, R 4 and R 5 are both present not as -OH but as -O - and can result in the additive of formula II-3, TIFF2026518104000006.tif32170 where formula I-3 or formula II-3 is Na + , K + , Zn2+ Ca 2+ and optionally further comprising one or more cations selected from quaternary ammonium cations having a net positive charge.

[0016] Similarly, R in formula IA, formula IB, or formula ID 2 If R is OH, 2 It's -O, not -OH. - It exists as formula IA-1, formula IB-1, formula ID-1, or formula ID-2: The additive TIFF2026518104000007.tif47170 can be obtained, where formula IA, formula IB-1, formula ID-1 or formula ID-2 is Na + , K + Zn 2+ Ca 2+ and optionally further comprising one or more cations selected from quaternary ammonium cations having a net positive charge.

[0017] R in equation IIB 5 If R is OH, 5 It's -O, not -OH. - It exists as formula IIB-1 or formula IIB-2: The additive TIFF2026518104000008.tif59170 can be obtained, where formula IIB-1 or formula IIB-2 is Na + , K + Zn 2+ Ca 2+ and optionally further comprising one or more cations selected from quaternary ammonium cations having a net positive charge.

[0018] In some embodiments of any of the electrolyte additives described herein, the cation is K + In any alternative embodiment of the electrolyte additive described herein, the cation is, for example, H + and Li + It is any suitable cation that does not react with electrolyte additives, including the above.

[0019] A substituent that can be optionally substituted (e.g., R1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 or R 7 ) are non-substitutable unless explicitly indicated otherwise.

[0020] In the embodiments described herein, The bond represented by TIFF2026518104000009.tif9170 is a bond point to the rest of the compound.

[0021] In another example, a battery or electrochemical cell comprising at least one phosphorus electrolyte additive described herein is described herein. In a particular embodiment, the battery comprises a zinc anode. Hereinafter, the phosphorus electrolyte additive comprises a compound having at least one phosphorus atom. The phosphorus atom may be arranged and bonded in a variety of ways. In some embodiments, compounds having a phosphate functional group are described herein. In some embodiments, compounds having a phosphonate functional group are described herein. In some embodiments, compounds having a phosphinic acid functional group are described herein. In some embodiments, compounds having both a phosphate functional group and a phosphonate functional group are described herein.

[0022] In another example, a process for producing a zinc battery is described herein, which includes contacting an electrolyte having a phosphorus electrolyte additive described herein with a zinc battery electrode.

[0023] In another example, a method of using a zinc battery is described herein, which includes electrochemically cycling a zinc battery containing an electrolyte having a phosphorus electrolyte additive described herein.

[0024] In another example, a method for reducing or eliminating self-discharge and / or preventing hydrogen generation is described herein, comprising: (a) preparing an electrochemical cell comprising zinc-lithium, zinc-carbon, zinc-chloride, zinc-bromide, zinc-air, zinc-iron, zinc-manganese dioxide, zinc-iodide, zinc-nickel, or zinc-silver oxide anode-cathode; and (b) preparing an aqueous electrolyte comprising KOH and at least one phosphorus electrolyte additive described herein. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0025] The following description is provided to enable those skilled in the art to carry out and use the invention and to incorporate it into the context of their particular application. Various modifications and diverse uses for different applications will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be applied to a wide range of embodiments. For this reason, the disclosure herein is not intended to be limited to the embodiments presented, but rather should be given the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

[0026] All features disclosed herein (including all accompanying claims, abstracts, and drawings) may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent, or similar purposes, unless expressly specified otherwise. Therefore, unless expressly specified otherwise, each disclosed feature is merely an example of a general range of equivalent or similar features.

[0027] When used, the terms left, right, front, back, up, down, forward, reverse, clockwise, and counterclockwise are for convenience only and are not intended to represent any specific fixed direction. Instead, they are used to reflect the relative position and / or direction between different parts of an object.

[0028] I. Definition As used herein, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" refer to multiple objects unless otherwise clearly indicated by the context.

[0029] As used herein, the term “about” when modifying a number, for example 15%(w / w), refers to numbers within the range before and after the modified number, including the modified number and optionally ±10% of that number. For example, about 15%(w / w) includes not only 15%(w / w) but also 13.5%(w / w), 14%(w / w), 14.5%(w / w), 15.5%(w / w), 16%(w / w), or 16.5%(w / w).

[0030] As used herein, “selected from the group consisting of” means a single member from the group, two or more members from the group, or a combination of members from the group. Members selected from the group consisting of A, B, and C include, for example, A only, B only, or C only, as well as A and B, A and C, B and C, and A, B and C.

[0031] Where used herein, zinc may be referred to by its IUPAC chemical symbol, Zn.

[0032] As used herein, “aqueous electrolyte” refers to an electrolyte in which water is the solvent.

[0033] As used herein, “alkyl” refers to a monovalent saturated hydrocarbon radical moiety. Alkyls are optionally substituted and may be linear, branched, or cyclic, i.e., cycloalkyls. Alkyls have 1 to 10 carbon atoms, i.e., C 1~10 Alkyl or having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, i.e., C 1~6 This includes, but is not limited to, alkyl groups. In other embodiments, the alkyl group has 1 to 20 carbon atoms, i.e., C 1~20The alkyl group may contain, but is not limited to, alkyl groups. Examples of alkyl groups include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, i-butyl, pentyl groups, hexyl groups, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, and cyclohexyl groups. In one embodiment, the alkyl group is linear. In one embodiment, the alkyl group is branched.

[0034] As used herein, "alkoxy" refers to an -OR' group in which R' is alkyl. Examples of alkoxy groups include, but are not limited to, methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, tert-butoxy, and sec-butoxy. An alkoxy has 1 to 20 carbon atoms, i.e., C 1~20 Alkyl atoms, which have 1 to 10 carbon atoms, i.e., C 1~10 Alkyl compounds, or those having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, i.e., C 1~6 This includes, but is not limited to, alkoxys.

[0035] As used herein, “aryloxy” refers to an -OR'' group in which R'' is aryl.

[0036] As used herein, "aryl" refers to a monovalent radical of an aromatic compound in which the ring atoms are carbon atoms. The aryl moiety can be optionally substituted and may be monocyclic or polycyclic, such as bicyclic or tricyclic. Examples of aryl moieties include those having 6 to 20 ring carbon atoms, i.e., C 6~20 Aryls are ring atoms with 6 to 15 carbon atoms, i.e., C 6~15 Aryls, and those having 6 to 10 ring carbon atoms, i.e., C 6~10 Examples of aryl moieties include, but are not limited to, phenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, azlenyl, anthryl, phenanthryl, and pyrenyl.

[0037] As used herein, “arylalkoxy” refers to an alkoxy group as used herein, substituted with an aryl group as defined herein.

[0038] As used herein, “arylalkyl” refers to an alkyl group used herein that is substituted with an aryl group as defined herein. “Bn” or “benzyl” refers to “CH2-phenyl”.

[0039] As used herein, “heterocycloalkyl” or “heterocyclic” refers to a cycloalkyl group in which one or more carbon atoms are replaced by heteroatoms. Preferred heteroatoms include, but are not limited to, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and phosphorus. Heterocycloalkyls are optionally substituted. Examples of heterocycloalkyl moieties include, but are not limited to, 1,2-oxaphosfinanine 2-oxide and 2,6,7-trioxa-1-phosphabicyclo[2.2.2]octane 1-oxide. Additional examples of heterocycloalkyls include morpholinyl, piperidinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, pyrrolidinyl, imidazolidinyl, oxazolidinyl, thiazolidinyl, dioxolanyl, dithiolanyl, oxanyl, or thianyl. In certain embodiments, the heterocyclic group is fused to, for example, an aryl group or another heterocyclic group. In certain embodiments, the heterocyclic group is a monovalent monocyclic or polycyclic fully saturated ring system. In certain embodiments, the heterocyclic group may be an unsaturated and / or bridged and / or fused bicyclic group, and / or a spirocyclic bicyclic group. The term “spironicyclic group” refers to a bicyclic heterocycloalkyl ring system in which two or three rings are linked to each other by a common atom. In some embodiments, the spironicyclic ring may have at least one, preferably two, -OP(O)(OR 2 )A 3- to 10-membered spirocyclic bicyclic heterocycle containing an O-bond. In some embodiments, the spiro-dicyclic ring has at least one, preferably two -OP(OR) 5) These are 3- to 10-membered spirocyclic bicyclic heterocycles containing O-bonds. The term "bridged bicyclic ring system" refers to a bicyclic heterocycloalkyl ring system in which the rings are bridged.

[0040] As used herein, “hydroxyalkyl” refers to an alkyl group as used herein, substituted with at least one hydroxyl group.

[0041] As used herein, "halogen" and "halo" refer to chloro, bromo, iodine, or fluoro.

[0042] As used herein, "optionally substituted" when used to describe a radical moiety, for example, an optionally substituted alkyl, means that such moiety is optionally bonded to one or more substituents. Examples of such substituents include halo, cyano, nitro, haloalkyl, azide, epoxy, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heterocycloalkyl, TIFF2026518104000010.tif41170 (in the formula, R A , R B and R C In each case, independently, is a hydrogen atom, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, alkalyl, aralkyl, heteroalkyl, heteroaryl or heterocycloalkyl, or R A and R B Examples include, but are not limited to, groups that form saturated or unsaturated carbon rings with the atoms to which they bond, where the ring is optionally substituted and one or more ring atoms are optionally replaced by heteroatoms. In certain embodiments, when the radical moiety is optionally substituted with optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heterocycloalkyl, or optionally substituted saturated or unsaturated carbon rings, substituents on the optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heterocycloalkyl, or optionally substituted saturated or unsaturated carbon rings are not substituted with substituents that are further optionally substituted with additional substituents if they are substituted. In some embodiments, the groups described herein (e.g., R1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 If a substituent is optionally substituted, the substituent attached to the base is unsubstituted unless otherwise specified.

[0043] As used herein, “phosphorus electrolyte additive” is an aqueous electrolyte additive chemical comprising at least one phosphate, phosphite, phosphonate, phosphine, phosphinic acid, or phosphonic acid functional group.

[0044] II. Electrolytes Phosphorus electrolyte additives particularly useful for aqueous electrolytes in zinc batteries are described herein. Zinc batteries include zinc-air batteries and other types of zinc batteries. In some examples, the aqueous electrolytes intended herein are neutral (with respect to pH). In preferred examples, the aqueous electrolytes intended herein are basic (with respect to pH). An example of a basic electrolyte is a zinc-air battery. In addition, the electrolytes described herein can be used in zinc-manganese oxide batteries, nickel-zinc batteries, silver-zinc batteries, or zinc-lithium batteries. In certain embodiments, the pH of the aqueous electrolyte is basic and has a pH greater than about 7, for example, greater than about 8, greater than about 9, greater than about 10, greater than about 11, greater than about 12, or greater than about 13. In certain embodiments, the pH of the aqueous electrolyte is about 8 to 13. In certain embodiments, the pH of the aqueous electrolyte is greater than 14. In certain embodiments, the pH of the aqueous electrolyte is about 10. In certain embodiments including any of the above, the aqueous electrolyte contains potassium hydroxide (KOH). In certain embodiments comprising any of the above, the aqueous electrolyte comprises zinc(II) sulfate.

[0045] In one embodiment, the aqueous electrolyte is of formula PI or formula P-II: TIFF2026518104000011.tif27170 (in the formula, R 1 and R 2 These are independently hydrogen, -OH, and C. 1~6Alkoxy, -CH2C(O)OR 6 , hydroxy C 1~6 Alkyl, C 6~10 Ariel, C 6~10 Aryl C 1~6 Alkyl, C 6~10 Aryloxy and C 6~10 Aryl C 1~6 Selected from alkoxy, where C 6~10 The aryl group, either alone or as part of another group, has at least one R 7 It is arbitrarily replaced with, R 3 is hydrogen, C 1~6 Alkyl, hydroxy C 1~6 Alkyl, C 6~10 Aryl or C 6~10 Aryl C 1~6 It is alkyl, and here, C 6~10 Aryl or C 6~10 Aryl C 1~6 Alkyl is at least one R 7 It can be arbitrarily replaced with, or R 1 and R 3 Together, C contains at least one oxygen atom. 3~10 It forms a heterocycle, where C 3~10 A complex algebra is one in which at least one R 7 The base is optionally substituted and / or C 3~10 A complex algebra is one or two Cs. 6~10 It can be optionally condensed with an aryl group, or R 1 , R 2 and R 3 Together, a bridged C containing at least one oxygen atom 3~10 It forms a heterocycle, where C 3~10 A complex algebra is one in which at least one R 7 It is arbitrarily substituted in the base, R 4 and R 5 These are independently hydrogen, -OH, and C. 1~6 Alkoxy, -CH2C(O)OR 6 , hydroxy C 1~6 Alkyl, C 6~10 Ariel, C 6~10Aryl C 1~6 Alkyl, C 6~10 Aryloxy or C 6~10 Aryl C 1~6 Selected from alkyloxy, where C 6~10 The aryl group, either alone or as part of another group, has at least one R 7 It is arbitrarily replaced with, R 6 is hydrogen or C 1~6 It is alkyl, R 7 C 1~6 Alkyl and hydroxy C 1~6 Selected from alkyl, R 7 The electrolyte additive comprises at least one of the following (which is not further substituted): a salt thereof, its anion, its hydrolysis product, or its electrochemical reduction product. The aqueous electrolyte is Na + , K + Ca 2+ Zn 2+ The material further comprises an ion selected from the group consisting of quaternary ammonium cations having a net positive charge of 1 and combinations thereof, At least one electrolyte additive is present in the aqueous electrolyte at a concentration of 0.001 wt% to 50 wt%.

[0046] Formulas I, II, PI, and P-II described herein are depicted as neutrally charged molecules. However, the molecules disclosed herein exist in dynamic equilibrium with deprotonated analogs, and the equilibrium constant is temperature-dependent. For example, certain molecules have unstable hydrogen ions (i.e., protons) and exist in thermodynamic equilibrium. Unstable protons associate and dissociate from the molecule. In basic electrolytes, such as those often used in zinc batteries, the above-mentioned battery additives may exist in the electrolyte in a deprotonated form. For example, the following electrolyte additives may be present in place of or in addition to the conjugate bases described above.

[0047] In some embodiments including any of those described above, aqueous electrolytes comprising at least one electrolyte additive of formula I, formula II, formula PI, or formula P-II, or a salt thereof, are described herein.

[0048] In some embodiments including any of those described above, aqueous electrolytes comprising at least one electrolyte additive of formula I, formula II, formula PI, or formula P-II, or an anion thereof, are described herein.

[0049] In some embodiments including any of those described above, aqueous electrolytes comprising at least one electrolyte additive of formula I, formula II, formula PI, or formula P-II, or a hydrolysis product thereof, are described herein.

[0050] In some embodiments including any of those described above, aqueous electrolytes comprising at least one electrolyte additive of formula I, formula II, formula PI, or formula P-II, or an electrochemical reduction product thereof, are described herein.

[0051] For example, in a particular embodiment, the additive of formula I or formula PI is formula I-1: Selected from the compounds in TIFF2026518104000012.tif32170, where formula I-1 is Na + , K + , quaternary ammonium cations with a net positive charge of 1, Zn 2+ and Ca 2+ The cation optionally further comprises a cation selected from. In one embodiment, the cation is K + That is the case.

[0052] In a particular embodiment, the additive of formula II or formula P-II is formula II-1: Selected from the compounds in TIFF2026518104000013.tif28170, where formula II-1 is Na + , K + , quaternary ammonium cations with a net positive charge of 1, Zn 2+ and Ca 2+The cation optionally further comprises a cation selected from. In one embodiment, the cation is K + That is the case.

[0053] Furthermore, in certain embodiments, the additive of formula I or formula PI is selected from the compounds of formula I-2, or the additive of formula II or formula P-II is selected from the additives of formula II-2. TIFF2026518104000014.tif32170 Here, formula I-2 or formula II-2 is Na + , K + Zn 2+ Ca 2+ and optionally further comprising one or more cations selected from quaternary ammonium cations having a net positive charge. In one embodiment, one or more cations are Na + That is the case.

[0054] In one embodiment, the aqueous electrolyte comprises one or more compounds selected from compounds of formula I or formula PI or their salts, their anions, their hydrolysis products or their electrochemical reduction products, compounds of formula I-1 or their salts, their hydrolysis products or their electrochemical reduction products, and compounds of formula I-2 or their salts, their hydrolysis products or their electrochemical reduction products.

[0055] In one embodiment, the aqueous electrolyte comprises one or more compounds selected from compounds of formula II or formula P-II or their salts, their anions, their hydrolysis products or their electrochemical reduction products, compounds of formula II-1 or its salts, its hydrolysis products or its electrochemical reduction products, and compounds of formula II-2 or its salts, its hydrolysis products or its electrochemical reduction products.

[0056] In one embodiment, the aqueous electrolyte comprises a compound of formula I or formula PI or a salt thereof, its anion, its hydrolysis product or its electrochemical reduction product, and a compound of formula II or formula P-II or a salt thereof, its anion, its hydrolysis product or its electrochemical reduction product.

[0057] In one embodiment, the aqueous electrolyte comprises two or more compounds selected from (a) a compound of formula I or formula PI or a salt thereof, its anion, its hydrolysis product or its electrochemical reduction product; (b) a compound of formula II or formula P-II or a salt thereof, its anion, its hydrolysis product or its electrochemical reduction product; (c) a compound of formula I-1 or a salt thereof, its hydrolysis product or its electrochemical reduction product; (d) a compound of formula II-1 or a salt thereof, its hydrolysis product or its electrochemical reduction product; (e) a compound of formula I-2 or a salt thereof, its hydrolysis product or its electrochemical reduction product; and (f) a compound of formula II-2 or a salt thereof, its hydrolysis product or its electrochemical reduction product.

[0058] In one embodiment of formula I, formula II, formula PI, or formula P-II, which includes any of the above, R 3 is hydrogen or C 1~6 It is alkyl. In one embodiment of formula I, formula II, formula PI, or formula P-II, which includes any of the above, R 3 is hydrogen. In one embodiment of formula I, formula II, formula PI, or formula P-II, which includes any of the above, R 3 is C 1~6 It is alkyl. In one embodiment of formula I, formula II, formula PI, or formula P-II, which includes any of the above, R 3 is methyl or ethyl. In one embodiment of formula I, formula II, formula PI, or formula P-II, which includes any of the above, R 3 is C 6~10 Aryl or C 6~10 Aryl C 1~6 It is alkyl, and here, C 6~10 Aryl or C 6~10 Aryl C 1~6 Alkyl is at least one R 7 It is optionally replaced by R. In one embodiment of formula I, formula II, formula PI, or formula P-II which includes any of the above, 3 is a non-substituted C 6~10 Aryl or C 6~10 Aryl C1~6 It is alkyl. In one embodiment of formula I or formula II, which includes any of the above, R 3 is hydroxy C 1~6 It is alkyl.

[0059] In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, formula I-1, or formula I-2, which includes any of the above, R 1 is hydrogen. In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, formula I-1, or formula I-2, which includes any of the above, R 1 is C 1~6 It is an alkoxy. In one embodiment of formula I, formula I-1, or formula I-2, which includes any of the above, R 1 is C 1~20 It is an alkoxy. In one embodiment of formula I, formula I-1, or formula I-2, which includes any of the above, R 1 is C 10~20 It is an alkoxy. In one embodiment of formula I, formula I-1, or formula I-2, which includes any of the above, R 1 is C 15~20 It is an alkoxy. In one embodiment of formula I, formula I-1, or formula I-2, which includes any of the above, R 1 is C 17 It is an alkoxy. In one embodiment of formula I, formula I-1, or formula I-2, which includes any of the above, R 1 is -C 1~6 Alkyl-C(O)OR 6 In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, formula I-1, or formula I-2, which includes any of the above, R 1 is -CH2C(O)OR 6 In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, formula I-1, or formula I-2, which includes any of the above, R 1 is -CH2CH2C(O)OR 6 In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, formula I-1, or formula I-2, which includes any of the above, R 1 is -CH2C(O)OH. In one embodiment of formula I, formula I-1, or formula I-2, which includes any of the above, R 1is -CH2CH2C(O)OH. In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, formula I-1, or formula I-2, which includes any of the above, R 1 is -CH2C(O)OC 1~6 It is alkyl. In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, formula I-1, or formula I-2, which includes any of the above, R 1 is -CH2C(O)OCH3. In one embodiment of formula I, formula I-1, or formula I-2, which includes any of the above, R 1 is -CH2CH2C(O)CH3. In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, formula I-1, or formula I-2, which includes any of the above, R 1 is hydroxy C 1~6 It is alkyl.

[0060] In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, formula I-1, or formula I-2, which includes any of the above, R 1 is a non-substituted C 6~10 It is an aryl. In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, formula I-1, or formula I-2, which includes any of the above, R 1 is one R 7 C arbitrarily replaced by 6~10 It is an aryl. In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, formula I-1, or formula I-2, which includes any of the above, R 1 is one C 1~6 C arbitrarily substituted with alkyl 6~10 It is an aryl. In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, formula I-1, or formula I-2, which includes any of the above, R 1 C is optionally substituted with one methyl group. 6~10 It is an aryl. In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, formula I-1, or formula I-2, which includes any of the above, R 1 is an unsubstituted phenyl. In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, formula I-1, or formula I-2, which includes any of the above, R 1 is a phenyl compound substituted with one methyl group. In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, formula I-1, or formula I-2, which includes any of the above, R 1 This is a phenyl compound substituted with one methyl group at the para position.

[0061] In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, formula I-1, or formula I-2, which includes any of the above, R 1 is C 6~10 Aryl C 1~6 It is alkyl, where the aryl group is at least one R 7 It is optionally replaced by. In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, formula I-1, or formula I-2, which includes any of the above, R 1 is C 6~10 It is an aryloxy, where the aryl group is at least one R 7 It is optionally replaced by. In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, formula I-1, or formula I-2, which includes any of the above, R 1 is C 6~10 Aryl C 1~6 It is an alkoxy, where the aryl group is at least one R 7 It can be arbitrarily replaced with.

[0062] In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, or formula I-1, which includes any of the above, R 2 is hydrogen. In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, or formula I-1, which includes any of the above, R 2 is C 1~6 It is an alkoxy. In one embodiment of formula I, formula I-1, or formula I-2, which includes any of the above, R 2 is C 1~20 It is an alkoxy. In one embodiment of formula I, formula I-1, or formula I-2, which includes any of the above, R 2 is C 10~20 It is an alkoxy. In one embodiment of formula I, formula I-1, or formula I-2, which includes any of the above, R 2 is C 15~20 It is an alkoxy. In one embodiment of formula I, formula I-1, or formula I-2, which includes any of the above, R 2 is C 17 It is an alkoxy. In one embodiment of formula I, formula I-1, or formula I-2, which includes any of the above, R 2 is -C 1~6 Alkyl-C(O)OR6 In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, or formula I-1, which includes any of the above, R 2 is -CH2C(O)OR 6 In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, formula I-1, or formula I-2, which includes any of the above, R 2 is -CH2CH2C(O)OR 6 In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, or formula I-1, which includes any of the above, R 2 is -CH2C(O)OH. In one embodiment of formula I, formula I-1, or formula I-2, which includes any of the above, R 2 is -CH2CH2C(O)OH. In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, or formula I-1, which includes any of the above, R 2 is -CH2C(O)OC 1~6 It is alkyl. In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, or formula I-1, which includes any of the above, R 2 is -CH2C(O)OCH3. In one embodiment of formula I, formula I-1, or formula I-2, which includes any of the above, R 2 is -CH2CH2C(O)CH3. In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, or formula I-1 that includes any of the above, R 2 is hydroxy C 1~6 It is alkyl.

[0063] In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, or formula I-1, which includes any of the above, R 2 is a non-substituted C 6~10 It is an aryl. In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, or formula I-1, which includes any of the above, R 2 is one R 7 C arbitrarily replaced by 6~10 It is an aryl. In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, or formula I-1, which includes any of the above, R 2 is one C 1~6 C arbitrarily substituted with alkyl 6~10 It is an aryl. In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, or formula I-1, which includes any of the above, R 2C is optionally substituted with one methyl group. 6~10 It is an aryl. In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, or formula I-1, which includes any of the above, R 2 is an unsubstituted phenyl. In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, or formula I-1, which includes any of the above, R 2 is a phenyl compound substituted with one methyl group. In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, or formula I-1, which includes any of the above, R 2 This is a phenyl compound substituted with one methyl group at the para position.

[0064] In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, or formula I-1, which includes any of the above, R 2 is C 6~10 Aryl C 1~6 It is alkyl, where the aryl group is at least one R 7 It is optionally replaced by R. In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, or formula I-1 that includes any of the above, R 2 is C 6~10 It is an aryloxy, where the aryl group is at least one R 7 It is optionally replaced by R. In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, or formula I-1 that includes any of the above, R 2 is C 6~10 Aryl C 1~6 It is an alkoxy, where the aryl group is at least one R 7 It can be arbitrarily replaced with.

[0065] In one embodiment of Formula I or Formula I-1, which includes any of the above, R 1 and R 2 These are independently hydrogen, -OH, and C. 1~6 Alkoxy, C 6~10 Aryl and -C 1~6 Alkyl-C(O)OR 6 Selected from, where C 6~10 The aryl group is C 1~6 It is optionally substituted with alkyl. In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, or formula I-1, which includes any of the above, R 1 and R2 These are independently hydrogen, -OH, and C. 1~6 Alkoxy, C 6~10 Aryl and -CH2C(O)OR 6 Selected from, where C 6~10 The aryl group is C 1~6 It is optionally substituted with alkyl. In one embodiment of formula I or formula I-1, which includes any of the above, R 1 and R 2 These are independently hydrogen, -OH, and C. 1~6 Alkoxy, C 6~10 Aryl and -C 1~6 Alkyl-C(O)OR 6 Selected from, where C 6~10 The aryl group is C 1~6 It is optionally substituted with alkyl. In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, or formula I-1, R 1 and R 2 These are hydrogen and C, which are independent of each other. 1~6 Alkoxy, C 6~10 Aryl and -CH2C(O)OR 6 Selected from, where C 6~10 The aryl group is C 1~6 It is optionally substituted with alkyl. In one embodiment of formula I or formula I-1, R 1 and R 2 These are hydrogen and C, which are independent of each other. 1~6 Alkoxy, C 6~10 Aryl and -C 1~6 Alkyl-C(O)OR 6 Selected from, where C 6~10 The aryl group is C 1~6 It is optionally substituted with alkyl. In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, or formula I-1, which includes any of the above, R 1 and R 2 These are independently hydrogen, -OH, and C. 1~6 Alkoxy and C 6~10 Selected from the alphabet, here, C 6~10 The aryl group is unsubstituted. In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, or formula I-1, which includes any of the above, R 1 and R 2 These are independently hydrogen, -OH, and C 6~10Selected from the alphabet, here, C 6~10 The aryl group is unsubstituted.

[0066] In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, or formula I-1, which includes any of the above, R 1 and R 2 Both are C 1~6 Either it is an alkoxy, or both are C 6~10 It is an aryl. In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, or formula I-1, which includes any of the above, R 1 and R 2 Both are C 1~6 It is an alkoxy. In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, or formula I-1, which includes any of the above, R 1 and R 2 Both are C 1~20 It is an alkoxy. In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, or formula I-1, which includes any of the above, R 1 and R 2 Both are C 10~20 It is an alkoxy. In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, or formula I-1, which includes any of the above, R 1 and R 2 Both are C 15~20 It is an alkoxy. In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, or formula I-1, which includes any of the above, R 1 and R 2 Both are C 17 It is an alkoxy. In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, or formula I-1, which includes any of the above, R 1 and R 2 Both are methoxy. In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, or formula I-1, which includes any of the above, R 1 and R 2 Both are ethoxy. In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, or formula I-1, which includes any of the above, R 1 and R 2 Both are unsubstituted C 6~10 It is an aryl. In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, or formula I-1, which includes any of the above, R 1 and R2 Both are one R 7 A C arbitrarily substituted in the base 6~10 It is Ariel.

[0067] In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, or formula I-1, which includes any of the above, R 1 is hydrogen, R 2 is one R 7 A C arbitrarily substituted in the base 6~10 It is an aryl. In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, or formula I-1, which includes any of the above, R 1 is hydrogen, R 2 is a non-substituted C 6~10 It is an aryl. In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, or formula I-1, which includes any of the above, R 1 is hydrogen, R 2 is an unsubstituted phenyl. In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, or formula I-1, which includes any of the above, R 1 is hydrogen, R 2 is one C 1~6 C arbitrarily substituted with alkyl groups 6~10 It is an aryl. In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, or formula I-1, which includes any of the above, R 1 is hydrogen, R 2 C is optionally substituted with one methyl group. 6~10 It is an aryl. In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, or formula I-1, which includes any of the above, R 1 is hydrogen, R 2 This is a phenyl compound optionally substituted with one methyl group at the para position.

[0068] In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, or formula I-1, which includes any of the above, R 1 is hydroxyl, R 2 is one R 7 A C arbitrarily substituted in the base 6~10 It is an aryl. In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, or formula I-1, which includes any of the above, R 1 is hydroxyl, R 2is a non-substituted C 6~10 It is an aryl. In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, or formula I-1, which includes any of the above, R 1 is hydroxyl, R 2 is an unsubstituted phenyl. In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, or formula I-1, which includes any of the above, R 1 is hydroxyl, R 2 is one C 1~6 C arbitrarily substituted with alkyl groups 6~10 It is an aryl. In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, or formula I-1, which includes any of the above, R 1 is hydroxyl, R 2 C is optionally substituted with one methyl group. 6~10 It is an aryl. In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, or formula I-1, which includes any of the above, R 1 is hydroxyl, R 2 This is a phenyl compound optionally substituted with one methyl group at the para position.

[0069] In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, or formula I-1, which includes any of the above, R 1 is C 1~6 It is an alkoxy, R 2 is -CH2C(O)OR 6 In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, or formula I-1, which includes any of the above, R 1 is C 1~6 It is an alkoxy, R 2 is -CH2C(O)OH. In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, or formula I-1, which includes any of the above, R 1 is C 1~6 It is an alkoxy, R 2 is -CH2C(O)OC 1~6 It is alkyl. In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, or formula I-1, which includes any of the above, R 1 is C 1~6 It is an alkoxy, R 2 is -CH2C(O)OCH3. In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, or formula I-1, which includes any of the above, R1 is methoxy, and R 2 is -CH2C(O)OR 6 In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, or formula I-1, which includes any of the above, R 1 is methoxy, and R 2 is -CH2C(O)OH. In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, or formula I-1, which includes any of the above, R 1 is methoxy, and R 2 is -CH2C(O)OC 1~6 It is alkyl. In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, or formula I-1, which includes any of the above, R 1 is methoxy, and R 2 is -CH2C(O)OCH3. In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, or formula I-1, which includes any of the above, R 1 is ethoxy, R 2 is -CH2C(O)OR 6 In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, or formula I-1, which includes any of the above, R 1 is ethoxy, R 2 is -CH2C(O)OH. In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, or formula I-1, which includes any of the above, R 1 is ethoxy, R 2 is -CH2C(O)OC 1~6 It is alkyl. In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, or formula I-1, R 1 is ethoxy, R 2 is -CH2C(O)OCH3. In one embodiment of formula I or formula I-1 that includes any of the above, R 1 is C 6~10 It is aryl, R 2 is -C 1~6 Alkyl-C(O)OR 6 In one embodiment of formula I or formula I-1 that includes any of the above, R 1 is C 6~10 It is aryl, R 2 is -CH2CH2-C(O)OR 6 That is the case.

[0070] In one embodiment of formula I or formula PI, R 1 and R 3 Together, R 1 and R 3 -P(R 2 C containing at least (O)O- groups 3~10 It forms a complex ring. In one embodiment of formula I or formula PI, R 1 and R 3 Together, R 1 and R 3 -P(R 2 C containing at least (O)O- groups 3~10 It forms a heterocycle, where C 3~10 A complex algebra is one in which at least one R 7 The base is optionally substituted and / or C 3~10 Heterocycles are fused to one or two aryl groups.

[0071] In one embodiment of formula I or formula PI, R 1 and R 3 Together, R 1 and R 3 -P(R 2 C containing at least (O)O- groups 3~10 It forms a complex ring, C 3~10 The heterocycle is condensed to one or two aryl groups. For example, in one embodiment, the compound of formula I or formula PI is of formula IA: It is a compound of TIFF2026518104000015.tif34170, or a salt thereof, an anion thereof, a hydrolysis product thereof, or a reduction product thereof.

[0072] In one embodiment of formula IA, R 2 is hydrogen, hydroxyl, or C 1~6 It is an alkoxy. In one embodiment of formula IA, R 2 is hydrogen. In one embodiment of formula IA, R 2 is at least one R 7 C arbitrarily replaced by 6~10 It is aryl. In one embodiment of formula IA, R 2is a C that is optionally substituted with at least one hydroxyl group. 6~10 It is aryl. In one embodiment of formula IA, R 2 C is optionally substituted with two hydroxyl groups. 6~10 It is aryl. In one embodiment of formula IA, R 2 This is a phenyl compound optionally substituted with two hydroxyl groups.

[0073] In one embodiment of formula I or formula PI, R 1 and R 3 Together, R 1 and R 3 -P(R 2 C containing at least (O)O- groups 3~10 It forms a heterocycle, where C 3~10 A complex algebra is one in which at least one R 7 The group is optionally substituted. For example, in one embodiment, the compound of formula I or formula PI is formula 1B: The compound or salt thereof of TIFF2026518104000016.tif32170, its anion, its hydrolysis product, or its reduction product, where n is an integer selected from 0, 1, and 2.

[0074] In one embodiment of formula IB, R 2 R is hydrogen, hydroxyl, or alkoxy. In one embodiment of formula IB, R 2 It is hydrogen.

[0075] In one embodiment of formula IB that includes any of the above, n is 0. In one embodiment of formula IB that includes any of the above, n is 1. In one embodiment of formula IB that includes any of the above, n is 2.

[0076] In one embodiment of formula IB that includes any of the above, R 7 C 1~6 Alkyl and hydroxy C 1~6 Selected from alkyl groups. In one embodiment of formula IB, which includes any of the above, n is 1 and R 7 is C1~6 It is alkyl. In one embodiment of formula IB, which includes any of the above, n is 2 and R 7 is C 1~6 It is alkyl. In one embodiment of formula IB, which includes any of the above, n is 2 and R 7 It is methyl.

[0077] In one embodiment of formula I or formula PI, R 1 , R 2 and R 3 together, at least one R 7 R, which is arbitrarily substituted with the base. 1 , R 2 and R 3 Crosslinked C containing at least one -P(O)O- group to which is bonded. 3~10 It forms a heterocycle. For example, in one embodiment, the compound of formula I or formula PI is formula 1C: The compound or salt thereof of TIFF2026518104000017.tif42170, its anion, its hydrolysis product, or its reduction product, where n is an integer selected from 0, 1, and 2.

[0078] In one embodiment of the formula IC including any of the above, n is 0. In one embodiment of the formula IC including any of the above, n is 1. In one embodiment of the formula IC including any of the above, n is 2.

[0079] In one embodiment of a formula IC including any of the above, R 7 These are independently alkyl and hydroxy C 1~6 Selected from alkyl groups. In one embodiment of formula IC, which includes any of the above, n is 1 and R 7 is hydroxy C 1~6 It is alkyl. In one embodiment of formula IC containing any of the above, n is 1 and R 7 It is -CH2OH.

[0080] In one embodiment of formula I or formula PI, R 1 , R2 and R 3 Together, R 1 and R 3 -P(R 2 Spirocyclic C containing at least (O)O- groups 3~10 It forms a heterocycle, where the spirocycle C 3~10 A complex algebra is one in which at least one R 7 The group is optionally substituted. For example, in one embodiment, the compound of formula I or formula PI is formula 1D: A compound of TIFF2026518104000018.tif44170 or its salt, its anion, its hydrolysis product or its reduction product, where R 2 , R 7 And n are as defined herein.

[0081] In one embodiment of the expression ID that includes any of the above, n is 0.

[0082] In one embodiment of the expression ID including any of the above, R 2 is at least one R 7 C arbitrarily replaced by 6~10 It is an aryloxy. In one embodiment of formula ID containing any of the above, R 2 is at least one C 1~6 C arbitrarily substituted with alkyl groups 6~10 It is an aryloxy. In one embodiment of formula ID containing any of the above, R 2 , 2 C 1~6 C arbitrarily substituted with alkyl groups 6~10 It is an aryloxy. In one embodiment of formula ID containing any of the above, R 2 , 2 C 1~6 -O-phenyl optionally substituted with an alkyl group. In one embodiment of formula ID containing any of the above, R 2 It is an -O-phenyl optionally substituted with two tert-butyl groups.

[0083] In one embodiment of formula II, formula P-II, formula II-1, or formula II-2, which includes any of the above, R 4 is hydrogen. In one embodiment of formula II, formula P-II, formula II-1, or formula II-2, which includes any of the above, R 4 is C 1~6 It is an alkoxy. In one embodiment of formula II, formula P-II, formula II-1, or formula II-2, which includes any of the above, R 4 is -CH2C(O)OR 6 In one embodiment of formula II, formula P-II, formula II-1, or formula II-2, which includes any of the above, R 4 is -CH2C(O)OH. In one embodiment of formula II, formula P-II, formula II-1, or formula II-2, which includes any of the above, R 4 is -CH2C(O)OC 1~6 It is alkyl. In one embodiment of formula II, formula P-II, formula II-1, or formula II-2, which includes any of the above, R 4 is -CH2C(O)OCH3. In one embodiment of formula II, formula P-II, formula II-1, or formula II-2, which includes any of the above, R 4 is hydroxy C 1~6 It is alkyl.

[0084] In one embodiment of formula II, formula P-II, formula II-1, or formula II-2, which includes any of the above, R 4 is a non-substituted C 6~10 It is aryl. In one embodiment of formula II, formula P-II, formula II-1, or formula II-2, which includes any of the above, R 4 is one R 7 C arbitrarily replaced by 6~10 It is aryl. In one embodiment of formula II, formula P-II, formula II-1, or formula II-2, which includes any of the above, R 4 is one C 1~6 C arbitrarily substituted with alkyl 6~10 It is aryl. In one embodiment of formula II, formula P-II, formula II-1, or formula II-2, which includes any of the above, R 4 C is optionally substituted with one methyl group.6~10 It is aryl. In one embodiment of formula II, formula P-II, formula II-1, or formula II-2, which includes any of the above, R 4 is an unsubstituted phenyl. In one embodiment of formula II, formula P-II, formula II-1, or formula II-2, which includes any of the above, R 4 is a phenyl compound substituted with one methyl group. In one embodiment of formula II, formula P-II, formula II-1, or formula II-2, which includes any of the above, R 4 This is a phenyl compound substituted with one methyl group at the para position.

[0085] In one embodiment of formula II, formula P-II, formula II-1, or formula II-2, which includes any of the above, R 4 is C 6~10 Aryl C 1~6 It is alkyl, where the aryl group is at least one R 7 It is optionally replaced by. In one embodiment of formula II, formula P-II, formula II-1, or formula II-2, which includes any of the above, R 4 is C 6~10 It is an aryloxy, where the aryl group is at least one R 7 It is optionally replaced by. In one embodiment of formula II, formula P-II, formula II-1, or formula II-2, which includes any of the above, R 4 is C 6~10 Aryl C 1~6 It is an alkoxy, where the aryl group is at least one R 7 It can be arbitrarily replaced with.

[0086] In one embodiment of formula II, formula P-II, or formula II-1, which includes any of the above, R 5 is hydrogen. In one embodiment of formula II, formula P-II, or formula II-1, which includes any of the above, R 5 is C 1~6 It is an alkoxy. In one embodiment of formula II, formula P-II, or formula II-1, which includes any of the above, R 5 is -CH2C(O)OR 6In one embodiment of formula II, formula P-II, or formula II-1, which includes any of the above, R 5 is -CH2C(O)OH. In one embodiment of formula II, formula P-II, or formula II-1, which includes any of the above, R 5 is -CH2C(O)OC 1~6 It is alkyl. In one embodiment of formula II, formula P-II, or formula II-1, which includes any of the above, R 5 is -CH2C(O)OCH3. In one embodiment of formula II, formula P-II, or formula II-1, which includes any of the above, R 5 is hydroxy C 1~6 It is alkyl.

[0087] In one embodiment of formula II, formula P-II, or formula II-1, which includes any of the above, R 5 is a non-substituted C 6~10 It is aryl. In one embodiment of formula II, formula P-II, or formula II-1, which includes any of the above, R 5 is one R 7 C arbitrarily replaced by 6~10 It is aryl. In one embodiment of formula II, formula P-II, or formula II-1, which includes any of the above, R 5 is one C 1~6 C arbitrarily substituted with alkyl 6~10 It is aryl. In one embodiment of formula II, formula P-II, or formula II-1, which includes any of the above, R 5 C is optionally substituted with one methyl group. 6~10 It is aryl. In one embodiment of formula II, formula P-II, or formula II-1, which includes any of the above, R 5 is an unsubstituted phenyl. In one embodiment of formula II, formula P-II, or formula II-1, which includes any of the above, R 5 is a phenyl compound substituted with one methyl group. In one embodiment of formula II, formula P-II, or formula II-1, which includes any of the above, R 5 This is a phenyl compound substituted with one methyl group at the para position.

[0088] In one embodiment of formula II, formula P-II, or formula II-1, which includes any of the above, R 5 is C 6~10 Aryl C 1~6 It is alkyl, where the aryl group is at least one R 7 It is optionally replaced by R. In one embodiment of formula II, formula P-II, or formula II-1, which includes any of the above, 5 is C 6~10 It is an aryloxy, where the aryl group is at least one R 7 It is optionally replaced by R. In one embodiment of formula II, formula P-II, or formula II-1, which includes any of the above, 5 is C 6~10 Aryl C 1~6 It is an alkoxy, where the aryl group is at least one R 7 It can be arbitrarily replaced with.

[0089] In one embodiment of formula II, formula P-II, or formula II-1, which includes any of the above, R 4 and R 5 Both are C 1~6 It is an alkoxy. In one embodiment of formula II, formula P-II, or formula II-1, which includes any of the above, R 4 and R 5 Both are methoxy. In one embodiment of formula II, formula P-II, or formula II-1, which includes any of the above, R 4 and R 5 Both are ethoxy. In one embodiment of formula II, formula P-II, or formula II-1, which includes any of the above, R 4 and R 5 Both are unsubstituted C 6~10 It is aryl. In one embodiment of formula II, formula P-II, or formula II-1, which includes any of the above, R 4 and R 5 Both are one R 7 A C arbitrarily substituted in the base 6~10 It is Ariel.

[0090] In one embodiment of formula II, formula P-II, or formula II-1, which includes any of the above, R 4 is hydrogen, R 5 is one R 7 A C arbitrarily substituted in the base 6~10 It is aryl. In one embodiment of formula II, formula P-II, or formula II-1, which includes any of the above, R 4 is hydrogen, R 5 is a non-substituted C 6~10 It is aryl. In one embodiment of formula II, formula P-II, or formula II-1, which includes any of the above, R 4 is hydrogen, R 5 is an unsubstituted phenyl. In one embodiment of formula II, formula P-II, or formula II-1, which includes any of the above, R 4 is hydrogen, R 5 is one C 1~6 C arbitrarily substituted with alkyl groups 6~10 It is aryl. In one embodiment of formula II, formula P-II, or formula II-1, which includes any of the above, R 4 is hydrogen, R 5 C is optionally substituted with one methyl group. 6~10 It is aryl. In one embodiment of formula II, formula P-II, or formula II-1, which includes any of the above, R 4 is hydrogen, R 5 This is a phenyl compound optionally substituted with one methyl group at the para position.

[0091] In one embodiment of formula II, formula P-II, or formula II-1, which includes any of the above, R 4 is hydroxyl, R 5 is one R 7 A C arbitrarily substituted in the base 6~10 It is aryl. In one embodiment of formula II, formula P-II, or formula II-1, which includes any of the above, R 4 is hydroxyl, R 5 is a non-substituted C 6~10 It is aryl. In one embodiment of formula II, formula P-II, or formula II-1, which includes any of the above, R 4is hydroxyl, R 5 is an unsubstituted phenyl. In one embodiment of formula II, formula P-II, or formula II-1, which includes any of the above, R 4 is hydroxyl, R 5 is one C 1~6 C arbitrarily substituted with alkyl groups 6~10 It is aryl. In one embodiment of formula II, formula P-II, or formula II-1, which includes any of the above, R 4 is hydroxyl, R 5 C is optionally substituted with one methyl group. 6~10 It is aryl. In one embodiment of formula II, formula P-II, or formula II-1, which includes any of the above, R 4 is hydroxyl, R 5 This is a phenyl compound optionally substituted with one methyl group at the para position.

[0092] In one embodiment of formula II, formula P-II, or formula II-1, which includes any of the above, R 4 is C 1~6 It is an alkoxy, R 5 is -CH2C(O)OR 6 In one embodiment of formula II, formula P-II, or formula II-1, which includes any of the above, R 4 is C 1~6 It is an alkoxy, R 5 is -CH2C(O)OH. In one embodiment of formula II, formula P-II, or formula II-1, which includes any of the above, R 4 is C 1~6 It is an alkoxy, R 5 is -CH2C(O)OC 1~6 It is alkyl. In one embodiment of formula II, formula P-II, or formula II-1, which includes any of the above, R 4 is C 1~6 It is an alkoxy, R 5 is -CH2C(O)OCH3. In one embodiment of formula II, formula P-II, or formula II-1, which includes any of the above, R 4 is methoxy, and R 5 is -CH2C(O)OR 6In one embodiment of formula II, formula P-II, or formula II-1, which includes any of the above, R 4 is methoxy, and R 5 is -CH2C(O)OH. In one embodiment of formula II, formula P-II, or formula II-1, which includes any of the above, R 4 is methoxy, and R 5 is -CH2C(O)OC 1~6 It is alkyl. In one embodiment of formula II, formula P-II, or formula II-1, which includes any of the above, R 4 is methoxy, and R 5 is -CH2C(O)OCH3. In one embodiment of formula II, formula P-II, or formula II-1, which includes any of the above, R 4 is ethoxy, R 5 is -CH2C(O)OR 6 In one embodiment of formula II, formula P-II, or formula II-1, which includes any of the above, R 4 is ethoxy, R 5 is -CH2C(O)OH. In one embodiment of formula II, formula P-II, or formula II-1, which includes any of the above, R 4 is ethoxy, R 5 is -CH2C(O)OC 1~6 It is alkyl. In one embodiment of formula II, formula P-II, or formula II-1, which includes any of the above, R 4 is ethoxy, R 5 It is -CH2C(O)OCH3.

[0093] In one embodiment of formula II or formula P-II, R 3 , R 4 and R 5 Together, R 3 , R 4 and R 5 Crosslinked C containing at least -PO- groups to which are bonded 3~10 It forms a heterocycle, where C 3~10 A complex algebra is one in which at least one R 7 It is optionally substituted with a group. For example, in one embodiment, the compound of formula II or formula P-II is formula IIA: It is a compound of TIFF2026518104000019.tif34170, or a salt thereof, an anion thereof, a hydrolysis product thereof, or a reduction product thereof.

[0094] In one embodiment of formula IIA that includes any of the above, n is 0. In one embodiment of formula IIA that includes any of the above, n is 1. In one embodiment of formula IIA that includes any of the above, n is 2.

[0095] In one embodiment of formula IIA that includes any of the above, R 7 C 1~6 Selected from alkyl groups. In one embodiment of formula IIA, which includes any of the above, n is 1 and R 7 is C 1~6 It is alkyl. In one embodiment of formula IIA, which includes any of the above, n is 1 and R 7 It is ethyl.

[0096] In one embodiment of formula II or formula P-II, R 3 , R 4 and R 5 Together, R 3 and R 4 -P(R 5 ) Spirocyclic C containing at least an O-group 3~10 It forms a heterocycle, where the spirocycle C 3~10 A complex algebra is one in which at least one R 7 The group is optionally substituted. For example, in one embodiment, the compound of formula II or formula II-P is formula IIB: It is a compound of TIFF2026518104000020.tif49170, or a salt thereof, an anion thereof, a hydrolysis product thereof, or a reduction product thereof.

[0097] In one embodiment of formula IIB, n is 0.

[0098] In one embodiment of formula IIB that includes any of the above, R 5 C 1~20Selected from alkoxys. In one embodiment of formula IIB including any of the above, R 5 C 10~20 Selected from alkoxys. In one embodiment of formula IIB including any of the above, R 5 C 15~20 Selected from alkoxys. In one embodiment of formula IIB including any of the above, R 5 is C 18 It is an alkoxy.

[0099] In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, formula I-1, formula I-2, formula II, formula P-II, formula II-1, formula II-2, formula IA, formula IB, or formula IC, R 7 is C 1~6 It is alkyl. In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, formula I-1, formula I-2, formula II, formula P-II, formula II-1, formula II-2, formula IA, formula IB, or formula IC, R 7 is methyl. In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, formula I-1, formula I-2, formula II, formula P-II, formula II-1, formula II-2, formula IA, formula IB, or formula IC, R 7 is hydroxy C 1~6 It is alkyl. In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, formula I-1, formula I-2, formula II, formula P-II, formula II-1, formula II-2, formula IA, formula IB, or formula IC, R 7 is -CH2-OH. In one embodiment of formula I, formula I-1, formula I-2, formula II, formula II-1, formula II-2, formula IA, formula IB, or formula IC, R 7 It is -OH.

[0100] In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, formula I-1, formula I-2, formula II, formula P-II, formula II-1, formula II-2, formula IA, formula IB, or formula IC, R 6 is C 1~6 It is alkyl. In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, formula I-1, formula I-2, formula II, formula P-II, formula II-1, formula II-2, formula IA, formula IB, or formula IC, R 6is methyl. In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, formula I-1, formula I-2, formula II, formula P-II, formula II-1, formula II-2, formula IA, formula IB, or formula IC, R 6 It is hydrogen.

[0101] In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, or formula I-1, which includes any of the above, R 1 and R 2 It is impossible for both to be -OH.

[0102] In one embodiment of formula I, formula PI, or formula I-1, which includes any of the above, the electrolyte additive is not phenyl phosphate.

[0103] In one embodiment of formula PI or formula P-II that includes any of the above, R 1 and R 2 These are independently hydrogen, -OH, and C. 1~6 Alkoxy, -CH2C(O)OR 6 and C 6~10 Selected from the alphabet, here, C 6~10 Aaryl has at least one R 7 It is arbitrarily replaced with, R 3 is hydrogen or C 1~6 Alkyl, or R 1 and R 3 Together, C contains at least one oxygen atom. 3~10 It forms a heterocycle, where C 3~10 A complex algebra is one in which at least one R 7 The base is arbitrarily substituted and / or C 3~10 A complex algebra is one or two Cs. 6~10 It can be optionally condensed with an aryl group, or R 1 , R 2 and R 3 Together, a bridged C containing at least one oxygen atom 3~10 It forms a heterocycle, where C 3~10 A complex algebra is one in which at least one R 7 It is arbitrarily substituted in the base, R4 and R 5 C 1~6 It is an alkoxy, R 6 is hydrogen or C 1~6 It is alkyl, R 7 C 1~6 Alkyl and hydroxy C 1~6 Selected from alkyl groups.

[0104] In one embodiment of formula PI, formula I, formula I-1, or formula 1-2, which includes any of the above, R 1 is at least one R 7 C arbitrarily replaced by 6~10 It is Ariel, R 2 is hydrogen, -OH, C 1~20 Alkoxy, -C 1~6 Alkyl-C(O)OR 6 , hydroxy C 1~6 Alkyl, C 6~10 Ariel, C 6~10 Aryl C 1~6 Alkyl, C 6~10 Aryloxy and C 6~10 Aryl C 1~6 Selected from alkoxy, where C 6~10 The aryl group, either alone or as part of another group, has at least one R 7 It is arbitrarily replaced with, R 3 is hydrogen, C 1~6 Alkyl, hydroxy C 1~6 Alkyl, C 6~10 Aryl or C 6~10 Aryl C 1~6 It is alkyl, and here, C 6~10 Aryl or C 6~10 Aryl C 1~6 Alkyl is at least one R 7 It can be arbitrarily replaced with.

[0105] In one embodiment of formula PI, formula I, formula I-1, or formula 1-2, which includes any of the above, R 1is at least one R 7 C arbitrarily replaced by 6~10 It is Ariel, R 2 is hydrogen, -OH, -C 1~6 Alkyl-C(O)OR 6 , C 6~10 Ariel, C 6~10 Aryloxy and C 6~10 Aryl C 1~6 Selected from alkoxy, where C 6~10 The aryl group, either alone or as part of another group, has at least one R 7 It is arbitrarily replaced with, R 3 is hydrogen, C 1~6 Alkyl, C 6~10 Aryl or C 6~10 Aryl C 1~6 It is alkyl, and here, C 6~10 Aryl or C 6~10 Aryl C 1~6 Alkyl is at least one R 7 It can be arbitrarily replaced with.

[0106] In one embodiment of formula PI, formula I, formula I-1, or formula 1-2, which includes any of the above, R 1 is at least one R 7 C arbitrarily replaced by 6~10 It is Ariel, R 2 is hydrogen, -OH, -C 1~6 Alkyl-C(O)OR 6 , C 6~10 Ariel, C 6~10 Aryloxy and C 6~10 Aryl C 1~6 Selected from alkoxy, where C 6~10 The aryl group, either alone or as part of another group, has at least one R 7 It is arbitrarily replaced with, R 3 is hydrogen or C 1~6 It is alkyl.

[0107] In one embodiment of Formula P-I, Formula I, Formula I-1 or Formula 1-2 comprising any of the above, R 1 is C optionally substituted with at least one R 7 aryl, 6~10 where R 2 is hydrogen, -OH, -C 1~6 alkyl-C(O)OR 6 C 6~10 aryl, C 6~10 aryloxy and C 6~10 arylC 1~6 alkoxy, where C 6~10 aryl is optionally substituted with at least one R 7 alone or as part of another group, R 3 is hydrogen.

[0108] In one embodiment of Formula P-I, Formula I, Formula I-1 or Formula 1-2 comprising any of the above, R 1 is C optionally substituted with at least one R 7 aryl, 6~10 where R 2 is selected from hydrogen and -OH, R 3 is hydrogen.

[0109] In one embodiment of Formula P-I, Formula I, Formula I-1 or Formula 1-2 comprising any of the above, the compound is of the formula: TIFF2026518104000021.tif19170, R 2 is hydrogen, -OH, C 1~20 alkoxy, -C 1~6 alkyl-C(O)OR 6 hydroxyC 1~6 alkyl, C 6~10 aryl, C 6~10 arylC 1~6 alkyl, C 6~10 aryloxy and C 6~10 arylC 1~6Selected from alkoxy, where C 6~10 The aryl group, either alone or as part of another group, has at least one R 7 It is arbitrarily replaced with, R 3 is hydrogen, C 1~6 Alkyl, hydroxy C 1~6 Alkyl, C 6~10 Aryl or C 6~10 Aryl C 1~6 It is alkyl, and here, C 6~10 Aryl or C 6~10 Aryl C 1~6 Alkyl is at least one R 7 It can be arbitrarily replaced with.

[0110] In one embodiment of formulas PI, I, I-1, or 1-2, which include any of the above, the compound is of formula: This is from TIFF2026518104000022.tif19170. R 2 It consists of hydrogen, -OH and C 1~20 Alkoxy, -C 1~6 Alkyl-C(O)OR 6 , hydroxy C 1~6 Alkyl, C 6~10 Ariel, C 6~10 Aryl C 1~6 Alkyl, C 6~10 Aryloxy and C 6~10 Aryl C 1~6 Selected from alkoxy, where C 6~10 The aryl group, either alone or as part of another group, has at least one R 7 It can be arbitrarily replaced with.

[0111] In one embodiment of formulas PI, I, I-1, or 1-2, which include any of the above, the compound is of formula: This is from TIFF2026518104000023.tif19170. R 2 These are hydrogen, -OH and -C 1~6 Alkyl-C(O)OR 6 Selected from.

[0112] In one embodiment of formulas PI, I, I-1, or 1-2, which include any of the above, the compound is of formula: This is from TIFF2026518104000024.tif20170. R 2 The element is selected from hydrogen and -OH.

[0113] In one embodiment of formulas PI, I, I-1, or 1-2, which include any of the above, the compound is of formula: This is from TIFF2026518104000025.tif19170. R 1 is hydrogen, -OH, -C 1~6 Alkyl-C(O)OR 6 , C 6~10 Aryl and C 6~10 Selected from aryloxy, where C 6~10 The aryl group, either alone or as part of another group, has at least one R 7 It is arbitrarily replaced with, R 2 is -C 1~6 Alkyl-C(O)OR 6 , C 6~10 Aryl and C 6~10 Selected from aryloxy, where C 6~10 The aryl group, either alone or as part of another group, has at least one R 7 It can be arbitrarily replaced with.

[0114] In one embodiment of formulas PI, I, I-1, or 1-2, which include any of the above, the compound is of formula: This is from TIFF2026518104000026.tif19170. R 1 is selected from hydrogen and -OH, R 2 is at least one R 7 C arbitrarily replaced by 6~10 It is Ariel.

[0115] In one embodiment of Formula P-I, Formula I, Formula I-1 or Formula 1-2 comprising any of the above, R 3 is hydrogen, hydroxy C 1~6 alkyl, C 6~10 aryl or C 6~10 aryl C 1~6 alkyl, wherein C 6~10 aryl or C 6~10 aryl C 1~6 alkyl is optionally substituted with at least one R 7 .

[0116] In one embodiment of Formula I, Formula I-1 or Formula 1-2 comprising any of the above, R 1 is hydrogen, -OH, C 1~6 alkoxy, -C 1~6 alkyl-C(O)OR 6 , hydroxy C 1~6 alkyl, C 6~10 aryl, C 6~10 aryl C 1~6 alkyl, C 6~10 aryloxy and C 6~10 aryl C[[ID=4�]] 1~6 alkoxy, wherein C 6~10 aryl, alone or as part of another group, is optionally substituted with at least one R 7 . R 2 is hydrogen, -OH, -C 1~6 alkyl-C(O)OR 6 , hydroxy C 1~6 alkyl, C 6~10 aryl, C 6~10 aryl C 1~6 alkyl, C 6~10 aryloxy and C 6~10 aryl C 1~6 alkoxy, wherein C 6~10 aryl, alone or as part of another group, is optionally substituted with at least one R 7 .

[0117] In one embodiment of Formula I, Formula I-1 or Formula 1-2 comprising any of the above, R 1 is hydrogen, -OH, C 1~20 Alkoxy, -C 1~6 Alkyl-C(O)OR 6 , hydroxy C 1~6 Alkyl, C 6~10 Ariel, C 6~10 Aryl C 1~6 Alkyl, C 6~10 Aryloxy and C 6~10 Aryl C 1~6 It is an alkoxy, and here, C 6~10 The aryl group, either alone or as part of another group, has at least one R 7 It is arbitrarily replaced with, R 2 is hydrogen, -OH, C 5~20 Alkoxy, -C 1~6 Alkyl-C(O)OR 6 , hydroxy C 1~6 Alkyl, C 6~10 Ariel, C 6~10 Aryl C 1~6 Alkyl, C 6~10 Aryloxy and C 6~10 Aryl C 1~6 It is an alkoxy, and here, C 6~10 The aryl group, either alone or as part of another group, has at least one R 7 It can be arbitrarily replaced with.

[0118] In one embodiment of formula I or formula PI, formula I-1 or formula 1-2, which includes any of the above, R 1 and R 2 These are independently hydrogen, -OH, and C. 6~10 Aryloxy, C 6~10 Ariel, C 6~10 Aryl C 1~6 Alkoxy and -C 1~6 Alkyl-C(O)OR 6 Selected from, where C 6~10 The aryl group, either alone or as part of another group, has at least one R 7 It is arbitrarily replaced with, R 3 is hydrogen, C 6~10 Ariel, C1~6 Alkyl, C 6~10 Aryl C 1~6 Selected from alkyl, where C 6~10 Aryl or C 6~10 Aryl C 1~6 Alkyl is at least one R 7 It is arbitrarily replaced with, R 7 C is independent 1~6 Alkyl and hydroxy C 1~6 Selected from alkyl, R 7 It has not been replaced further.

[0119] In one embodiment of formula I or formula PI, formula I-1 or formula 1-2, which includes any of the above, R 1 and R 2 These are independently hydrogen, -OH, and C 6~10 Selected from the alphabet, R 3 is hydrogen, or, R 1 and R 3 Together, R 1 and R 3 -P(R 2 C containing at least (O)O- groups 3~10 It forms a heterocycle, where C 3~10 A complex algebra is one in which at least one R 7 The base is optionally substituted and / or C 3~10 A complex algebra is one or two Cs. 6~10 It can be optionally condensed with an aryl group, or R 1 , R 2 and R 3 Together, R 1 , R 2 and R 3 Crosslinked C containing at least one -P(O)O- group to which is bonded. 3~10 It forms a heterocycle, where C 3~10 A complex algebra is one in which at least one R 7 It is arbitrarily substituted in the base, R 7 C is independent 1~6 Alkyl and hydroxy C 1~6Selected from alkyl, R 7 It has not been replaced further.

[0120] In one embodiment of formula I or formula PI, formula I-1 or formula 1-2, which includes any of the above, R 1 and R 2 These are independently hydrogen, -OH, and C 6~10 Selected from the alphabet, R 3 is hydrogen, or, R 1 and R 3 Together, R 1 and R 3 -P(R 2 Crosslinked C containing at least (O)O- groups 3~10 It forms a heterocycle, where C 3~10 A complex algebra is one in which at least one R 7 It is arbitrarily substituted in the base, R 7 C is independent 1~6 Alkyl and hydroxy C 1~6 Selected from alkyl, R 7 It has not been replaced further.

[0121] In one embodiment of formula I or formula PI, formula I-1 or formula 1-2, which includes any of the above, R 1 and R 2 These are independently hydrogen, -OH, and C. 6~10 Aryloxy, C 6~10 Ariel, C 6~10 Aryl C 1~6 Alkoxy and -C 1~6 Alkyl-C(O)OR 6 Selected from, where C 6~10 The aryl group, either alone or as part of another group, has at least one R 7 It is arbitrarily replaced with, R 3 is hydrogen, C 6~10 Ariel, C 1~6 Alkyl, C 6~10 Aryl C 1~6 Selected from alkyl, where C6~10 Aryl or C 6~10 Aryl C 1~6 Alkyl is at least one R 7 It can be arbitrarily replaced with, or R 1 and R 3 Together, R 1 and R 3 -P(R 2 C containing at least (O)O- groups 3~10 It forms a heterocycle, where C 3~10 A complex algebra is one in which at least one R 7 The base is optionally substituted and / or C 3~10 A complex algebra is one or two Cs. 6~10 It can be optionally condensed with an aryl group, or R 1 , R 2 and R 3 Together, R 1 , R 2 and R 3 Crosslinked C containing at least one -P(O)O- group to which is bonded. 3~10 It forms a heterocycle, where C 3~10 A complex algebra is one in which at least one R 7 It is arbitrarily substituted in the base, R 7 C 1~6 Alkyl and hydroxy C 1~6 Selected from alkyl, R 7 It has not been replaced further.

[0122] In one embodiment, the aqueous electrolyte is This includes electrolyte additives or their salts, anions, hydrolysis products thereof, electrochemical reduction products thereof, or combinations thereof, selected from TIFF2026518104000027.tif98170.

[0123] In one embodiment, the aqueous electrolyte is The electrolyte additive selected from TIFF2026518104000028.tif87170, or its salt, its anion, its hydrolysis product, or its electrochemical reduction product, or a combination thereof.

[0124] In one embodiment, the aqueous electrolyte is This includes electrolyte additives or their salts, anions, hydrolysis products thereof, electrochemical reduction products thereof, or combinations thereof, selected from TIFF2026518104000029.tif43170.

[0125] In one embodiment, the aqueous electrolyte is The electrolyte additive selected from TIFF2026518104000030.tif42170, or its salt, its anion, its hydrolysis product, or its electrochemical reduction product, or a combination thereof.

[0126] In one embodiment, the aqueous electrolyte is The electrolyte additive selected from TIFF2026518104000031.tif42170, or its salt, its anion, its hydrolysis product, or its electrochemical reduction product, or a combination thereof.

[0127] In one embodiment, the aqueous electrolyte is The electrolyte additive selected from TIFF2026518104000032.tif41170, or its salt, its anion, its hydrolysis product, or its electrochemical reduction product, or a combination thereof.

[0128] In one embodiment, the aqueous electrolyte is The electrolyte additive selected from TIFF2026518104000033.tif112170, or its salt, its anion, its hydrolysis product, or its electrochemical reduction product, or a combination thereof.

[0129] In one embodiment including any of the above, the aqueous electrolyte is of the formula: Contains electrolyte additives from TIFF2026518104000034.tif36170.

[0130] In one embodiment, the aqueous electrolyte is It comprises at least two electrolyte additives or their salts, their anions, their hydrolysis products, or their electrochemical reduction products selected from TIFF2026518104000035.tif100170.

[0131] In one embodiment, the aqueous electrolyte is An electrolyte additive or its salt, its anion, its hydrolysis product or its electrochemical reduction product selected from TIFF2026518104000036.tif41170, It comprises a second electrolyte additive selected from TIFF2026518104000037.tif57170, or a salt thereof, an anion thereof, a hydrolysis product thereof, or an electrochemical reduction product thereof.

[0132] In one embodiment, the aqueous electrolyte is TIFF2026518104000038.tif28170 or its salt, its anion, its hydrolysis product or its electrochemical reduction product, It comprises a second electrolyte additive selected from TIFF2026518104000039.tif118170, or a salt thereof, an anion thereof, a hydrolysis product thereof, or an electrochemical reduction product thereof.

[0133] In one embodiment, the aqueous electrolyte is TIFF2026518104000040.tif27170 or its salt, its anion, its hydrolysis product or its electrochemical reduction product, It comprises a second electrolyte additive selected from TIFF2026518104000041.tif26170, or a salt thereof, an anion thereof, a hydrolysis product thereof, or an electrochemical reduction product thereof.

[0134] In one embodiment, the aqueous electrolyte is It comprises at least one electrolyte additive or a salt thereof, its anion, its hydrolysis product, or its electrochemical reduction product selected from TIFF2026518104000042.tif66170.

[0135] In some examples including any of the above, the phosphorus electrolyte additive or combination of phosphorus electrolyte additives is present in the electrolyte at a concentration of approximately 0.001 wt% to 50 wt%.

[0136] In some examples including any of the above, the phosphorus electrolyte additive or combination of phosphorus electrolyte additives is present in the electrolyte at a concentration of approximately 0.05 wt% to 50 wt%.

[0137] In some examples including any of the above, the phosphorus electrolyte additive or combination of phosphorus electrolyte additives is present in the electrolyte at a concentration of approximately 0.1 wt% to 50 wt%.

[0138] In some examples including any of the above, the phosphorus electrolyte additive or combination of phosphorus electrolyte additives is present in the electrolyte at a concentration of approximately 0.5 wt% to 50 wt%.

[0139] In some examples including any of the above, the phosphorus electrolyte additive or combination of phosphorus electrolyte additives is present in the electrolyte at a concentration of approximately 1 wt% to 50 wt%.

[0140] In some examples including any of the above, the phosphorus electrolyte additive or combination of phosphorus electrolyte additives is present in the electrolyte at a concentration of approximately 5 wt% to 50 wt%.

[0141] In some examples including any of the above, the phosphorus electrolyte additive or combination of phosphorus electrolyte additives is present in the electrolyte at a concentration of approximately 10 wt% to 50 wt%.

[0142] In some examples including any of the above, the phosphorus electrolyte additive or combination of phosphorus electrolyte additives is present in the electrolyte at a concentration of approximately 15 wt% to 50 wt%.

[0143] In some examples including any of the above, the phosphorus electrolyte additive or combination of phosphorus electrolyte additives is present in the electrolyte at a concentration of approximately 20 wt% to 50 wt%.

[0144] In some examples including any of the above, the phosphorus electrolyte additive or combination of phosphorus electrolyte additives is present in the electrolyte at a concentration of approximately 30 wt% to 50 wt%.

[0145] In some examples including any of the above, the phosphorus electrolyte additive or combination of phosphorus electrolyte additives is present in the electrolyte at a concentration of approximately 40 wt% to 50 wt%.

[0146] In some examples including any of the above, the phosphorus electrolyte additive or combination of phosphorus electrolyte additives is present in the electrolyte at a concentration of approximately 0.001 wt% to 40 wt%.

[0147] In some examples including any of the above, the phosphorus electrolyte additive or combination of phosphorus electrolyte additives is present in the electrolyte at a concentration of approximately 0.001 wt% to 35 wt%.

[0148] In some examples including any of the above, the phosphorus electrolyte additive or combination of phosphorus electrolyte additives is present in the electrolyte at a concentration of approximately 0.001 wt% to 30 wt%.

[0149] In some examples including any of the above, the phosphorus electrolyte additive or combination of phosphorus electrolyte additives is present in the electrolyte at a concentration of approximately 1 wt% to 30 wt%.

[0150] In some examples including any of the above, the phosphorus electrolyte additive or combination of phosphorus electrolyte additives is present in the electrolyte at a concentration of approximately 0.001 wt% to 20 wt%.

[0151] In some examples including any of the above, the phosphorus electrolyte additive or combination of phosphorus electrolyte additives is present in the electrolyte at a concentration of approximately 0.001 wt% to 15 wt%.

[0152] In some examples including any of the above, the phosphorus electrolyte additive or combination of phosphorus electrolyte additives is present in the electrolyte at a concentration of approximately 0.001 wt% to 10 wt%.

[0153] In some examples including any of the above, the phosphorus electrolyte additive or combination of phosphorus electrolyte additives is present in the electrolyte at a concentration of approximately 0.001 wt% to 5 wt%.

[0154] In some examples including any of the above, the phosphorus electrolyte additive or combination of phosphorus electrolyte additives is present in the electrolyte at a concentration of approximately 0.001 wt% to 1 wt%.

[0155] In some examples including any of the above, the phosphorus electrolyte additive or combination of phosphorus electrolyte additives is present in the electrolyte at a concentration of approximately 0.001 wt% to 0.5 wt%.

[0156] In some examples including any of the above, the phosphorus electrolyte additive or combination of phosphorus electrolyte additives is present in the electrolyte at a concentration of approximately 0.001 wt% to 0.05 wt%.

[0157] In some examples including any of the above, the phosphorus electrolyte additive or combination of phosphorus electrolyte additives is present in the electrolyte at a concentration of approximately 0.001 wt% to 0.1 wt%.

[0158] In some examples including any of the above, the phosphorus electrolyte additive or combination of phosphorus electrolyte additives is present in the electrolyte at a concentration of approximately 0.001 wt% to 0.05 wt%.

[0159] In other examples including any of the above, the phosphorus electrolyte additive or combination of phosphorus electrolyte additives is present in the electrolyte at a concentration of approximately 0.1 wt% to 35 wt%.

[0160] In other examples including any of the above, the phosphorus electrolyte additive or combination of phosphorus electrolyte additives is present in the electrolyte at a concentration of approximately 0.1 wt% to 30 wt%.

[0161] In other examples including any of the above, the phosphorus electrolyte additive or combination of phosphorus electrolyte additives is present in the electrolyte at a concentration of approximately 0.1 wt% to 25 wt%.

[0162] In other examples including any of the above, the phosphorus electrolyte additive or combination of phosphorus electrolyte additives is present in the electrolyte at a concentration of approximately 0.1 wt% to 15 wt%.

[0163] In other examples including any of the above, the phosphorus electrolyte additive or combination of phosphorus electrolyte additives is present in the electrolyte at a concentration of approximately 0.1 wt% to 10 wt%.

[0164] In other examples including any of the above, the phosphorus electrolyte additive or combination of phosphorus electrolyte additives is present in the electrolyte at a concentration of approximately 0.5 wt% to 5 wt%.

[0165] In other examples including any of the above, the phosphorus electrolyte additive or combination of phosphorus electrolyte additives is present in the electrolyte at a concentration of approximately 0.5 wt% to 3 wt%.

[0166] In other examples including any of the above, the phosphorus electrolyte additive or combination of phosphorus electrolyte additives is present in the electrolyte at a concentration of approximately 0.5 wt% to 1 wt%.

[0167] In other examples including any of the above, the phosphorus electrolyte additive or combination of phosphorus electrolyte additives is present in the electrolyte at a concentration of approximately 0.5 wt% to 1.5 wt%.

[0168] In other examples including any of the above, the phosphorus electrolyte additive or combination of phosphorus electrolyte additives is present in the electrolyte at a concentration of approximately 0.01 wt% to 0.5 wt%.

[0169] In other examples including any of the above, the phosphorus electrolyte additive or combination of phosphorus electrolyte additives is present in the electrolyte at a concentration of approximately 0.1 wt% to 0.5 wt%.

[0170] In other examples including any of the above, the phosphorus electrolyte additive or combination of phosphorus electrolyte additives is present in the electrolyte at a concentration of approximately 1 wt% to 5 wt%.

[0171] In other examples including any of the above, the phosphorus electrolyte additive or combination of phosphorus electrolyte additives is present in the electrolyte at a concentration of approximately 1 wt% to 2 wt%.

[0172] In other examples including any of the above, the phosphorus electrolyte additive or combination of phosphorus electrolyte additives is present in the electrolyte at a concentration of approximately 0.001 wt% to 0.05 wt%.

[0173] In other examples including any of the above, the phosphorus electrolyte additive or combination of phosphorus electrolyte additives is present in the electrolyte at a concentration of approximately 0.001 wt% to 0.5 wt%.

[0174] In other examples including any of the above, the phosphorus electrolyte additive or combination of phosphorus electrolyte additives is present in the electrolyte at a concentration of approximately 0.01 wt% to 0.5 wt%.

[0175] In other examples including any of the above, the phosphorus electrolyte additive or combination of phosphorus electrolyte additives is present in the electrolyte at a concentration of approximately 0.01 wt% to 1 wt%.

[0176] In some examples, including any of the above, the phosphorus electrolyte additive or combination of phosphorus electrolyte additives is present in the electrolyte at a concentration of approximately 50 wt%.

[0177] In some examples, including any of the above, the phosphorus electrolyte additive or combination of phosphorus electrolyte additives is present in the electrolyte at a concentration of approximately 40 wt%.

[0178] In some examples, including any of the above, the phosphorus electrolyte additive or combination of phosphorus electrolyte additives is present in the electrolyte at a concentration of approximately 30 wt%.

[0179] In some examples, including any of the above, the phosphorus electrolyte additive or combination of phosphorus electrolyte additives is present in the electrolyte at a concentration of approximately 25 wt%.

[0180] In some examples, including any of the above, the phosphorus electrolyte additive or combination of phosphorus electrolyte additives is present in the electrolyte at a concentration of approximately 20 wt%.

[0181] In some examples, including any of the above, the phosphorus electrolyte additive or combination of phosphorus electrolyte additives is present in the electrolyte at a concentration of approximately 15 wt%.

[0182] In some examples, including any of the above, the phosphorus electrolyte additive or combination of phosphorus electrolyte additives is present in the electrolyte at a concentration of approximately 10 wt%.

[0183] In some examples, including any of the above, the phosphorus electrolyte additive or combination of phosphorus electrolyte additives is present in the electrolyte at a concentration of approximately 5 wt%.

[0184] In some examples, including any of the above, the phosphorus electrolyte additive or combination of phosphorus electrolyte additives is present in the electrolyte at a concentration of approximately 4 wt%.

[0185] In some examples, including any of the above, the phosphorus electrolyte additive or combination of phosphorus electrolyte additives is present in the electrolyte at a concentration of approximately 3 wt%.

[0186] In some examples, including any of the above, the phosphorus electrolyte additive or combination of phosphorus electrolyte additives is present in the electrolyte at a concentration of approximately 2 wt%.

[0187] In some examples, including any of the above, the phosphorus electrolyte additive or combination of phosphorus electrolyte additives is present in the electrolyte at a concentration of approximately 1.5 wt%.

[0188] In some examples, including any of the above, the phosphorus electrolyte additive or combination of phosphorus electrolyte additives is present in the electrolyte at a concentration of approximately 1 wt%.

[0189] In some examples, including any of the above, the phosphorus electrolyte additive or combination of phosphorus electrolyte additives is present in the electrolyte at a concentration of less than 0.5 wt%.

[0190] In some examples, including any of the above, the phosphorus electrolyte additive or combination of phosphorus electrolyte additives is present in the electrolyte at a concentration of approximately 0.5 wt%.

[0191] In some examples, including any of the above, the phosphorus electrolyte additive or combination of phosphorus electrolyte additives is present in the electrolyte at a concentration of approximately 0.1 wt%.

[0192] In some examples, including any of the above, the phosphorus electrolyte additive or combination of phosphorus electrolyte additives is present in the electrolyte at a concentration of approximately 0.05 wt%.

[0193] In some examples, including any of the above, the phosphorus electrolyte additive or combination of phosphorus electrolyte additives is present in the electrolyte at a concentration of approximately 0.01 weight percent (wt%).

[0194] In some examples, including any of the above, the phosphorus electrolyte additive or combination of phosphorus electrolyte additives is present in the electrolyte at a concentration of approximately 0.005 wt%.

[0195] In some examples, including any of the above, the phosphorus electrolyte additive or combination of phosphorus electrolyte additives is present in the electrolyte at a concentration of approximately 0.001 weight percent (wt%).

[0196] In one embodiment, the aqueous electrolyte contains two or more electrolyte additives, the concentration of each additive being approximately 0.001 wt% to 10 wt%. In one embodiment, the aqueous electrolyte contains two or more electrolyte additives, the total concentration of the two or more additives being approximately 0.001 wt% to 10 wt%.

[0197] In one embodiment, the aqueous electrolyte contains two or more electrolyte additives, and the concentration of each additive is approximately 0.5 wt% to 5 wt%. In one embodiment, the aqueous electrolyte contains two or more electrolyte additives, and the total concentration of the two or more additives is approximately 0.5 wt% to 5 wt%.

[0198] In one embodiment, the aqueous electrolyte contains two or more electrolyte additives, and the concentration of each additive is approximately 0.1 wt% to 1 wt%. In one embodiment, the aqueous electrolyte contains two or more electrolyte additives, and the total concentration of the two or more additives is approximately 0.1 wt% to 1 wt%.

[0199] In one embodiment, the aqueous electrolyte contains two or more electrolyte additives, the concentration of each additive being approximately 0.001 wt% to 0.5 wt%. In another embodiment, the aqueous electrolyte contains two or more electrolyte additives, the total concentration of the two or more additives being approximately 0.001 wt% to 0.5 wt%.

[0200] In one embodiment, the aqueous electrolyte contains two or more electrolyte additives, with each additive having a concentration of approximately 10 wt%. In one embodiment, the aqueous electrolyte contains two or more electrolyte additives, with the total concentration of the two or more additives being approximately 10 wt%.

[0201] In one embodiment, the aqueous electrolyte contains two or more electrolyte additives, with each additive having a concentration of approximately 5 wt%.

[0202] In one embodiment, the aqueous electrolyte contains two or more electrolyte additives, with each additive having a concentration of approximately 1 wt%.

[0203] In one embodiment, the aqueous electrolyte contains two or more electrolyte additives, with each additive having a concentration of approximately 0.5 wt%. In one embodiment, the aqueous electrolyte contains two or more electrolyte additives, with the total concentration of the two or more additives being approximately 0.5 wt%.

[0204] In one embodiment, the aqueous electrolyte contains two or more electrolyte additives, with each additive having a concentration of approximately 0.1 wt%. In one embodiment, the aqueous electrolyte contains two or more electrolyte additives, with the total concentration of the two or more additives being approximately 0.1 wt%.

[0205] In one embodiment, the aqueous electrolyte contains two or more electrolyte additives, the concentration of each additive being approximately 0.01 wt%. In one embodiment, the aqueous electrolyte contains two or more electrolyte additives, the total concentration of the two or more additives being approximately 0.01 wt%.

[0206] In one embodiment, the aqueous electrolyte contains two or more electrolyte additives, the concentration of each additive being approximately 0.001 wt%. In one embodiment, the aqueous electrolyte contains two or more electrolyte additives, the total concentration of the two or more additives being approximately 0.001 wt%.

[0207] In some examples including any of the above, the phosphorus electrolyte additive is of formula PI or formula I-1, where R 1 and R 2 R is independently selected from -OH and phenyl. 3 The additive is H, and is present in the electrolyte at a concentration of approximately 0.001 wt% to 0.5 wt%.

[0208] In some examples including any of the above, a zinc battery or electrochemical cell comprising at least one electrolyte additive described herein is described herein. In one embodiment, the battery comprises an anode, the anode being a metallic element including, but not limited to, zinc. In one embodiment, the battery comprises a zinc anode.

[0209] In some examples including any of the above, electrochemical cells are described herein that include an anode which is a metallic element, a cathode selected from oxygen, lithium, carbon, cerium, chloride, bromide, iodide, iron, manganese dioxide, nickel, and silver oxide, and an aqueous electrolyte as described herein. In some examples, the anode is zinc.

[0210] In some examples, including any of the above, electrochemical cells are described herein that include a zinc anode paired with a cathode of lithium, carbon, chloride, bromide, iron, manganese dioxide, iodide, nickel, air, and silver oxide, and at least one phosphate electrolyte additive as described herein. In a particular embodiment, the electrochemical cell includes an anode selected from zinc-lithium, zinc-carbon, zinc-chloride, zinc-bromide, zinc-air, zinc-iron, zinc-manganese dioxide, zinc-iodide, zinc-nickel, or zinc-silver oxide, and at least one phosphate electrolyte additive as described herein.

[0211] In some examples, the zinc battery comprises an aqueous electrolyte containing at least one additive described herein, further comprising potassium hydroxide (KOH). In one embodiment, the pH of the aqueous electrolyte is about 8 to 13. In one embodiment, the pH of the aqueous electrolyte is about 10.

[0212] In some examples, the zinc battery comprises an aqueous electrolyte further comprising zinc(II) sulfate, and at least one of the additives described herein.

[0213] III. Production Process In some examples, a process for producing a zinc battery is described herein, which includes contacting an aqueous electrolyte containing the additives described herein with a zinc battery electrode.

[0214] In some examples, including any of the above, the zinc battery includes a positive electrode.

[0215] In some examples, including any of the above, the zinc battery includes a negative electrode.

[0216] In some examples, including any of the above, the negative electrode is selected from zinc foil, zinc powder, porous zinc, electroplated zinc, zinc alloy, or a combination thereof. In certain examples, the negative electrode is zinc foil. In certain examples, the negative electrode is zinc powder. In certain examples, the negative electrode is porous zinc. In certain other examples, the negative electrode is electroplated zinc. In certain examples, the negative electrode is a zinc alloy. In certain examples, the negative electrode is a combination of zinc foil, zinc powder, porous zinc, electroplated zinc, and zinc alloy.

[0217] IV.How to use A method for reducing or eliminating self-discharge and / or preventing hydrogen generation, (1) Zinc-lithium, zinc-carbon, zinc-chloride, zinc-bromide, zinc-air, zinc-iron, zinc-manganese dioxide, zinc-iodide, zinc-nickel or zinc-silver oxide anode, and (2) An aqueous electrolyte comprising KOH and at least one electrolyte additive described herein, To prepare an electrochemical cell containing, The electrochemical cell is charged to 0.5V or higher. The electrochemical cell should be stored at 0°C to 120°C for at least one day, Furthermore, the electrochemical cell voltage should not decrease by more than 10% during storage. Methods including the above are also described herein.

[0218] In an alternative embodiment, the aqueous electrolyte comprises zinc(II) sulfate and at least one electrolyte additive as described herein.

[0219] In one embodiment, the electrochemical cell is charged to 1.0V or higher.

[0220] In one embodiment, the electrochemical cell is charged to 1.5V or higher.

[0221] In one embodiment, the electrochemical cell voltage does not decrease by more than 8% during storage.

[0222] In one embodiment, the electrochemical cell voltage does not decrease by more than 5% during storage. [Examples]

[0223] V. Examples Unless otherwise explicitly stated, chemical substances were purchased commercially.

[0224] Example 1 - Effect of phosphate additive on gas generation An electrolyte was prepared by mixing 10 ml of Type I deionized water (measured with a resistance of 18.2 megaohms (1000 Ω)) with either 3.09 g (to prepare a 5.5 mol solution) or 4.48 g (to prepare an 8.0 mol solution) of potassium hydroxide. The additives were then added to the solution in amounts to achieve the concentrations listed in Tables 1A, 1B, IC, and ID. The electrolyte was then transferred to a 20 ml glass vial, and 5 g of dry zinc metal powder was added. The vial was then sealed with a cap having a Teflon septum, and the cap was sealed with tape and vacuum grease. A disposable plastic syringe with a stainless steel needle was inserted into the vial to measure the volume change. The vial was then kept in ambient atmosphere and in a 60°C oven for 14 days. The volume change (mL) was measured as the displacement of the syringe plunger and assumed to be gas generated from the electrolyte. Table 1A shows the gas volume of the electrolyte prepared with 5.5 M KOH, and Table 1B shows the gas volume of the electrolyte prepared with 8.0 M KOH. In Tables 1A and 1B, **** It is 2 mL or more, *** It is 1 mL or more but less than 2 mL. ** It is 0.5 mL or more but less than 1 mL. *The amount was less than 0.5 mL. As shown in Table 1A, the electrolyte prepared without additives using 5.5 M KOH produced a gas volume of 2 mL or more, but the addition of any additive from Table 1A produced a gas volume of less than 2 mL. All representative additives shown in Table 1A produced less hydrogen gas compared to the electrolyte without additives.

[0225] Similarly, as shown in Table 1B, electrolytes prepared without additives using 8.0 M KOH produced a gas volume of less than 2 mL but more than 1 mL. However, when typical additives listed in Table 1B were added to the electrolyte, gas generation decreased compared to electrolytes without additives. Gas generation for typical additives in Table 1B was more than 0.5 mL but less than 1 mL.

[0226] TIFF2026518104000043.tif214170TIFF2026518104000044.tif74170

[0227] TIFF2026518104000045.tif100170

[0228] Additional data generated by the improved test method with improved accuracy are shown in Tables 1C and 1D. The gas volume of the electrolyte prepared with 5.5 M KOH is shown in Table 1C, and the gas volume of the electrolyte prepared with 8.0 M KOH is shown in Table 1D. In Table 1C, **** It is 1.5 mL or more, *** It is 0.5 mL or more but less than 1.5 mL. ** It is 0.2 mL or more but less than 0.5 mL. * It is less than 0.2 mL. In Table 1D, **** It is more than 0.5 mL, *** It is greater than 0.25 mL but less than or equal to 0.5 mL. ** It is greater than 0.1 mL but less than or equal to 0.25 mL. * The amount is 0.1 mL or less. A specific compound from Tables 1A and 1B is repeated in Tables 1C and 1D, respectively.

[0229] TIFF2026518104000046.tif234170TIFF2026518104000047.tif246170TIFF2026518104000048.tif81170

[0230] TIFF2026518104000049.tif163170

[0231] Example 2 - Effect of phosphorus-containing additives on corrosion inhibition efficiency A control electrolyte was prepared by mixing 60 mL of Type I deionized water (measured with a resistance of 18.2 megaohms (1000 Ω)) with either 18.5 g of potassium hydroxide (KOH) (to prepare a 5.5 molar solution), 26.9 g of potassium hydroxide (to prepare an 8.0 molar solution), or 21.5 g of zinc sulfate monohydrate (to prepare a 2.0 molar solution) and 0.486 g of zinc oxide (ZnO). Then, the additives were added to the control electrolyte in amounts achieving the concentrations listed in Tables 2A, 2B, and 2C. The resulting electrolyte was spurged with industrial-grade nitrogen for 45 minutes. Tafel scans were performed using a three-electrode electrochemical cell to determine the effectiveness of the additives in inhibiting zinc corrosion in the KOH electrolyte. Experiments were conducted both in and out of the presence of the additives. A 1mm diameter zinc wire (99.95% purity, Thermo Scientific) coated with AquaMend underwater repair epoxy was used as the working electrode (WE). Before each experiment, the tip of the epoxy-coated zinc wire WE was polished with 1000-grit abrasive paper, and then polished with a 5μm alumina slurry (Aztron Technologies) on a terry cloth polishing pad (Grainger). A Hg / HgO electrode filled with 4.24 molar concentration KOH was used as the reference electrode (E Hg / HgO = +0.098V vs. standard hydrogen electrode (NHE). A 0.5 mm diameter platinum wire (Sigma-Aldrich) was used as the counter electrode. All electrochemical measurements were performed at room temperature using a BioLogic SP-300 potentiostat. Corrosion inhibition efficiency of the additive (η p )teeth, ηp =(i corr -i' corr ) / i corr (Formula 1) Given as, here, i corr and i' corr This represents the corrosion current density of zinc with and without additives in the electrolyte. See Tables 2A, 2B, and 2C. **** It is less than 20%, *** It is over 20% but less than 40%. ** It is over 40% but less than 60%, * It is over 60%.

[0232] Example 2A. Effect of 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (100 ppm) on corrosion inhibition efficiency. A control electrolyte was prepared by mixing 60 ml of Type I deionized water (measured at 18.2 megaohms resistance) with 18.5 g of potassium hydroxide (KOH) and 0.486 g of zinc oxide (ZnO). 6 mg of 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene 10-oxide was added to the control electrolyte. The resulting electrolyte was sparged with industrial-grade nitrogen for 45 minutes. Tafel scans were performed using a three-electrode electrochemical cell to determine the effectiveness of the additive in inhibiting zinc corrosion in the KOH electrolyte. Experiments were conducted both in and out of the presence of the additive. A 1 mm diameter Zn wire (99.95% purity, Thermo Scientific) coated with AquaMend underwater repair epoxy was used as the working electrode (WE). Before each experiment, the tip of the epoxy-coated zinc wire WE was polished with 1000-grit abrasive paper, and then polished with a 5 μm alumina slurry (Aztron Technologies) on a terry cloth polishing pad (Grainger). A Hg / HgO electrode packed with 4.24 mol of KOH was used as the reference electrode (E Hg / HgO= +0.098V vs. standard hydrogen electrode (NHE). A 0.5 mm diameter platinum wire (Sigma-Aldrich) was used as the counter electrode. All electrochemical measurements were performed at room temperature using a BioLogic SP-300 potentiostat. Corrosion inhibition efficiency of the additive (η p )teeth, η p =(i corr -i' corr ) / i corr (Formula 1) Given as, here, i corr and i' corr This is the corrosion current density of zinc with and without the additive in the electrolyte. The η of 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene 10-oxide at an additive concentration of 100 parts per million (ppm) p This is shown in Table 2A.

[0233] Example 2B. Effect of 4-hydroxymethyl-2,6,7-trioxa-1-phosphabicyclo[2.2.2]octane 1-oxide (1%) on corrosion inhibition efficiency. A control electrolyte was prepared by mixing 60 ml of Type I deionized water (measured at 18.2 megaohm resistance) with 18.5 g of potassium hydroxide (KOH) and 0.486 g of zinc oxide (ZnO). 0.6 g of 4-hydroxymethyl-2,6,7-trioxa-1-phosphabicyclo[2.2.2]octane 1-oxide was added to the control electrolyte. The resulting electrolyte was sparged with industrial-grade nitrogen for 45 minutes. Tafel scans were performed using a three-electrode electrochemical cell to determine the effectiveness of the additive in inhibiting zinc corrosion in the KOH electrolyte. Experiments were conducted both in and out of the presence of the additive. A 1 mm diameter Zn wire (99.95% purity, Thermo Scientific) coated with AquaMend underwater repair epoxy was used as the working electrode (WE). Before each experiment, the tip of the epoxy-coated zinc wire WE was polished with 1000-grit abrasive paper, and then polished with a 5 μm alumina slurry (Aztron Technologies) on a terry cloth polishing pad (Grainger). An Hg / HgO electrode filled with 4.24 molar concentration KOH was used as the reference electrode (E Hg / HgO = +0.098V vs. standard hydrogen electrode (NHE). A 0.5 mm diameter platinum wire (Sigma-Aldrich) was used as the counter electrode. All electrochemical measurements were performed at room temperature using a BioLogic SP-300 potentiostat. Corrosion inhibition efficiency of the additive (η p The expression for η of 4-hydroxymethyl-2,6,7-trioxa-1-phosphabicyclo[2.2.2]octane 1-oxide at an additive concentration of 1% is given by Equation 1. p The measurements were taken as shown in Table 2A.

[0234] Example 2C. Effect of ethylphenyl phosphinate (1000 ppm) on corrosion inhibition efficiency. A control electrolyte was prepared by mixing 60 ml of Type I deionized water (measured to have a resistance of 18.2 megaohms) with 18.5 g of potassium hydroxide (KOH) and 0.486 g of zinc oxide (ZnO). 0.06 g of ethylphenyl phosphinate was added to the control electrolyte. The resulting electrolyte was spurged with industrial-grade nitrogen for 45 minutes. Tafel scans were performed using a three-electrode electrochemical cell to determine the effectiveness of the additive in inhibiting zinc corrosion in the KOH electrolyte. Experiments were conducted both in and out of the presence of the additive. A 1 mm diameter Zn wire (99.95% purity, Thermo Scientific) coated with AquaMend underwater repair epoxy was used as the working electrode (WE). Before each experiment, the tip of the epoxy-coated zinc wire WE was polished with 1000 grit abrasive paper, and then polished with a 5 μm alumina slurry (Aztron Technologies) on a terry cloth polishing pad (Grainger). A Hg / HgO electrode filled with 4.24 molar concentration KOH was used as the reference electrode (E Hg / HgO = +0.098V vs. standard hydrogen electrode (NHE). A 0.5 mm diameter platinum wire (Sigma-Aldrich) was used as the counter electrode. All electrochemical measurements were performed at room temperature using a BioLogic SP-300 potentiostat. Corrosion inhibition efficiency of the additive (η p The expression η of ethylphenyl phosphinate at an additive concentration of 1000 parts per million (ppm) is given by Equation 1. p These were measured as shown in Table 2A.

[0235] Example 2D. Effect of 5,5-dimethyl-1,3,2-dioxaphospholinan-2-one (1%) on corrosion inhibition efficiency A control electrolyte was prepared by mixing 60 ml of Type I deionized water (measured at 18.2 megaohm resistance) with 26.88 g of potassium hydroxide (KOH) and 0.486 g of zinc oxide (ZnO). 0.6 g of 5,5-dimethyl-1,3,2-dioxaphospholinan-2-one was added to the control electrolyte. The resulting electrolyte was sparged with industrial-grade nitrogen for 45 minutes. Tafel scans were performed using a three-electrode electrochemical cell to determine the effectiveness of the additive in inhibiting zinc corrosion in the KOH electrolyte. Experiments were conducted both in and out of the presence of the additive. A 1 mm diameter Zn wire (99.95% purity, Thermo Scientific) coated with AquaMend underwater repair epoxy was used as the working electrode (WE). Before each experiment, the tip of the epoxy-coated zinc wire WE was polished with 1000-grit abrasive paper, and then polished with a 5 μm alumina slurry (Aztron Technologies) on a terry cloth polishing pad (Grainger). A Hg / HgO electrode filled with 4.24 molar concentration KOH was used as the reference electrode (E Hg / HgO = +0.098V vs. standard hydrogen electrode (NHE). A 0.5 mm diameter platinum wire (Sigma-Aldrich) was used as the counter electrode. All electrochemical measurements were performed at room temperature using a BioLogic SP-300 potentiostat. Corrosion inhibition efficiency of the additive (η p The expression is given by Equation 1. The η of 5,5-dimethyl-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinan-2-one at an additive concentration of 1% p These were measured as shown in Table 2A.

[0236] Example 2E. Effect of 4-hydroxymethyl-2,6,7-trioxa-1-phosphabicyclo[2.2.2]octane 1-oxide (1%) on corrosion inhibition efficiency. A control electrolyte was prepared by mixing 60 ml of type I deionized water (measured at 18.2 megaohms) with 21.5 g of zinc sulfate monohydrate (ZnSO4). 0.6 g of 4-hydroxymethyl-2,6,7-trioxa-1-phosphabicyclo[2.2.2]octane 1-oxide was added to the control electrolyte. The resulting electrolyte was sparged with industrial-grade nitrogen for 45 minutes. Tafel scans were performed using a three-electrode electrochemical cell to determine the effectiveness of the additive in inhibiting zinc corrosion in the ZnSO4 electrolyte. Experiments were conducted both in and out of the presence of the additive. A 1 mm diameter Zn wire (99.95% purity, Thermo Scientific) coated with AquaMend underwater repair epoxy was used as the working electrode (WE). Before each experiment, the tip of the epoxy-coated zinc wire WE was polished with 1000-grit abrasive paper, and then polished with 5 μm alumina slurry (Aztron Technologies) on a Terrycloth polishing pad (Grainger). An Ag / AgCl electrode filled with 4 molar potassium chloride (KCl) gel was used as the reference electrode (E Ag / AgC1 = +0.199V vs. standard hydrogen electrode (NHE). A 0.5 mm diameter platinum wire (Sigma-Aldrich) was used as the counter electrode. All electrochemical measurements were performed at room temperature using a BioLogic SP-300 potentiostat. Corrosion inhibition efficiency of the additive (η p The expression for η of 4-hydroxymethyl-2,6,7-trioxa-1-phosphabicyclo[2.2.2]octane 1-oxide at an additive concentration of 1% is given by Equation 1. p These were measured as shown in Table 2C.

[0237] TIFF2026518104000050.tif218170TIFF2026518104000051.tif244170

[0238] TIFF2026518104000052.tif74170

[0239] TIFF2026518104000053.tif72170

[0240] The embodiments and examples described above are illustrative and not limiting. Those skilled in the art can identify or verify many equivalents of certain compounds, materials, and procedures through simple routine experiments. All such equivalents are considered to be within the scope and are included in the appended claims.

Claims

1. Formula I or Formula II: (In the formula, R １ and R ２ are each independently hydrogen, -OH, C １～２０ alkoxy, -C １～６ alkyl-C(O)OR ６ hydroxyC １～６ alkyl, C ６～１０ aryl, C ６～１０ arylC １～６ alkyl, C ６～１０ aryloxy and C ６～１０ arylC １～６ alkoxy, and are selected from the group consisting of, where the C ６～１０ aryl is optionally substituted, alone or as part of another group, with at least one R ７ ; R ３ is hydrogen, C １～６ Alkyl, hydroxy C １～６ Alkyl, C ６～１０ Aryl or C ６～１０ Aryl C １～６ It is alkyl, and here, the C ６～１０ Aryl or the C ６～１０ Aryl C １～６ Alkyl is at least one R ７ It can be arbitrarily replaced with, or R １ and R ３ together, R １ and R ３ -P(R) ２ )(O)C containing at least one O-group ３～１０ A complex ring is formed, where C ３～１０ A complex algebra is one with at least one R ７ The base is optionally replaced and / or the C ３～１０ A complex ring is a complex ring consisting of one or two C elements. ６～１０ It can be optionally condensed with an aryl group, or R １ , R ２ and R ３ together, R １ , R ２ and R ３ A crosslinked C containing at least one -P(O)O- group to which is bonded. ３～１０ A complex ring is formed, where C ３～１０ A complex algebra is one with at least one R ７ It is arbitrarily substituted in the base, R ４ and R ５ These are independently hydrogen, -OH, and C １～２０ Alkoxy, -C １～６ Alkyl-C(O)OR ６ , hydroxy C １～６ Alkyl, C ６～１０ Ariel, C ６～１０ Aryl C １～６ Alkyl, C ６～１０ Aryloxy or C ６～１０ Aryl C １～６ Selected from alkyloxy, where C ６～１０ The aryl group, either alone or as part of another group, has at least one R ７ It can be arbitrarily replaced with, or R ３ and R ４ together, R ３ and R ４ -P(R) ５ ) C containing at least an O- group ３～１０ A complex ring is formed, where C ３～１０ A complex algebra is one with at least one R ７ It is arbitrarily substituted in the base, or, R ３ , R ４ and R ５ together, R ３ , R ４ and R ５ A crosslinked C containing at least one -P-O- group to which is bonded. ３～１０ A complex ring is formed, where C ３～１０ A complex algebra is one with at least one R ７ It is arbitrarily substituted in the base, R ６ is hydrogen or C １～６ It is alkyl, R ７ C is independent １～６ Alkyl, -OH, and hydroxy C １～６ Selected from alkyl groups, R ７ An aqueous electrolyte comprising at least one electrolyte additive (which is not further substituted) or a salt thereof, its anion, its hydrolysis product, or its electrochemical reduction product, The aqueous electrolyte may optionally contain Na ＋ _K ＋ Ca ２＋ , Zn ２＋ , further comprising an ion selected from the group consisting of quaternary ammonium cations and combinations thereof, An aqueous electrolyte in which at least one of the electrolyte additives is present in the aqueous electrolyte at a concentration of 0.001 wt% to 50 wt% or less.

2. R １ and R ２ are independently hydrogen, -OH, C １～６ alkoxy, -CH ２ C(O)OR ６ hydroxy C １～６ alkyl, C ６～１０ aryl, C ６～１０ aryl C １～６ alkyl, C ６～１０ aryloxy and C ６～１０ aryl C １～６ alkoxy selected from, where the C ６～１０ aryl, alone or as part of another group, is optionally substituted with at least one R ７ and, R ３ is hydrogen, C １～６ Alkyl, hydroxy C １～６ Alkyl, C ６～１０ Aryl or C ６～１０ Aryl C １～６ It is alkyl, and here, the C ６～１０ Aryl or the C ６～１０ Aryl C １～６ Alkyl is at least one R ７ It can be arbitrarily replaced with, or R １ and R ３ Together, C containing at least one oxygen atom ３～１０ A complex ring is formed, where C ３～１０ A complex algebra is one with at least one R ７ The base is optionally replaced and / or the C ３～１０ A complex ring is a complex ring consisting of one or two C elements. ６～１０ It can be optionally condensed with an aryl group, or R １ , R ２ and R ３ Together, a bridged carbon containing at least one oxygen atom. ３～１０ A complex ring is formed, where C ３～１０ A complex algebra is one with at least one R ７ It is arbitrarily substituted in the base, R ４ and R ５ These independently form hydrogen, -OH, and C. １～６ Alkoxy, -CH ２ C(O)OR ６ , hydroxy C １～６ Alkyl, C ６～１０ Ariel, C ６～１０ Aryl C １～６ Alkyl, C ６～１０ Aryloxy or C ６～１０ Aryl C １～６ Selected from alkyloxy, where C ６～１０ The aryl group, either alone or as part of another group, has at least one R ７ It is arbitrarily replaced with, R ６ is hydrogen or C １～６ It is alkyl, R ７ C １～６ Alkyl and hydroxy C １～６ Selected from alkyl groups, R ７ It has not been further replaced, The aqueous electrolyte is Na ＋ _K ＋ Ca ２＋ , Zn ２＋ The aqueous electrolyte according to claim 1, further comprising an ion selected from the group consisting of quaternary ammonium cations and combinations thereof.

3. R １ and R ２ R is independently selected from -OH and phenyl, ３ The aqueous electrolyte according to claim 1 or 2, wherein when is H, the electrolyte additive is present in the aqueous electrolyte at a concentration of 0.001 wt% or more to 0.5 wt% or less.

4. The aqueous electrolyte according to claim 1 or 2, comprising an electrolyte additive of formula I and formula II or a salt thereof, an anion thereof, a hydrolysis product thereof, or an electrochemical reduction product thereof.

5. The aqueous electrolyte according to claim 1 or 2, comprising an electrolyte additive of formula I or a salt thereof, an anion thereof, a hydrolysis product thereof, or an electrochemical reduction product thereof.

6. R １ and R ２ These independently form hydrogen, -OH, and C. １～６ Alkoxy, C ６～１０ Aryl and -C １～６ Alkyl-C(O)OR ６ Selected from, where C ６～１０ The aryl group is C １～６ The aqueous electrolyte according to claim 5, which is optionally substituted with alkyl.

7. R １ and R ２ Hydrogen and C １～６ Alkoxy, C ６～１０ Aryl and -C １～６ Alkyl-C(O)OR ６ Selected from, where C ６～１０ The aryl group is C １～６ The aqueous electrolyte according to claim 5, which is optionally substituted with alkyl.

8. R ６ is hydrogen or C １～６ The aqueous electrolyte according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the electrolyte is alkyl.

9. R １ and R ２ These independently form hydrogen, -OH, and C. １～６ Alkoxy and C ６～１０ Selected from aryl, where C ６～１０ The aqueous electrolyte according to claim 5, wherein the aryl group is unsubstituted.

10. R １ and R ２ These independently form hydrogen, -OH, and C ６～１０ Selected from aryl, where C ６～１０ The aqueous electrolyte according to claim 5, wherein the aryl group is unsubstituted.

11. R １ and R ２ Both are C １～６ Alkoxy or C ６～１０ The aqueous electrolyte according to claim 9, wherein it is an aryl electrolyte.

12. R ３ is hydrogen or C １～６ The aqueous electrolyte according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein it is alkyl.

13. R １ However, at least one R ７ C arbitrarily replaced by ６～１０ It is Ariel, R ２ is hydrogen, -OH, C １～２０ Alkoxy, -C １～６ Alkyl-C(O)OR ６ , hydroxy C １～６ Alkyl, C ６～１０ Ariel, C ６～１０ Aryl C １～６ Alkyl, C ６～１０ Aryloxy and C ６～１０ Aryl C １～６ Selected from alkoxy, where C ６～１０ The aryl group, either alone or as part of another group, has at least one R ７ It is arbitrarily replaced with, R ３ is hydrogen, C １～６ Alkyl, hydroxy C １～６ Alkyl, C ６～１０ Aryl or C ６～１０ Aryl C １～６ It is alkyl, and here, the C ６～１０ Aryl or the C ６～１０ Aryl C １～６ Alkyl is at least one R ７ The aqueous electrolyte according to claim 5, which is optionally substituted with

14. R ２ is hydrogen, -OH, -C １～６ Alkyl-C(O)OR ６ , C ６～１０ Ariel, C ６～１０ Aryloxy and C ６～１０ Aryl C １～６ Selected from alkoxy, where C ６～１０ The aryl group, either alone or as part of another group, has at least one R ７ It is arbitrarily replaced with, R ３ is hydrogen or C １～６ The aqueous electrolyte according to claim 13, wherein it is alkyl.

15. R ３ The aqueous electrolyte according to claim 13 or 14, wherein is hydrogen.

16. R ２ The aqueous electrolyte according to any one of claims 13 to 15, wherein is selected from hydrogen and -OH.

17. formula: It is, R ２ is hydrogen, -OH, C １～２０ Alkoxy, -C １～６ Alkyl-C(O)OR ６ , hydroxy C １～６ Alkyl, C ６～１０ Ariel, C ６～１０ Aryl C １～６ Alkyl, C ６～１０ Aryloxy and C ６～１０ Aryl C １～６ Selected from alkoxy, where C ６～１０ The aryl group, either alone or as part of another group, has at least one R ７ It is arbitrarily replaced with, R ３ is hydrogen, C １～６ Alkyl, hydroxy C １～６ Alkyl, C ６～１０ Aryl or C ６～１０ Aryl C １～６ It is alkyl, and here, the C ６～１０ Aryl or the C ６～１０ Aryl C １～６ Alkyl is at least one R ７ The aqueous electrolyte according to claim 5, which is optionally substituted with

18. formula: The aqueous electrolyte according to claim 17.

19. R ２ The aqueous electrolyte according to claim 17 or 18, wherein is hydrogen or -OH.

20. formula: It is, R １ is hydrogen, -OH, -C １～６ Alkyl-C(O)OR ６ , C ６～１０ Aryl and C ６～１０ Selected from aryloxy, where C ６～１０ The aryl group, either alone or as part of another group, has at least one R ７ It is arbitrarily replaced with, R ２ ga-C １～６ Alkyl-C(O)OR ６ , C ６～１０ Aryl and C ６～１０ Selected from aryloxy, where C ６～１０ The aryl group, either alone or as part of another group, has at least one R ７ The aqueous electrolyte according to claim 5, which is optionally substituted with

21. R １ is hydrogen or -OH, and R ２ C ６～１０ It is an aryl, and here, the C ６～１０ Aaryl has at least one R ７ The aqueous electrolyte according to claim 20, which is optionally substituted with

22. R １ is hydrogen, -OH, C １～２０ Alkoxy, -C １～６ Alkyl-C(O)OR ６ , hydroxy C １～６ Alkyl, C ６～１０ Ariel, C ６～１０ Aryl C １～６ Alkyl, C ６～１０ Aryloxy and C ６～１０ Aryl C １～６ It is an alkoxy, and here C ６～１０ The aryl group, either alone or as part of another group, has at least one R ７ It is arbitrarily replaced with, R ２ is hydrogen, -OH, C ５～２０ Alkoxy, -C １～６ Alkyl-C(O)OR ６ , hydroxy C １～６ Alkyl, C ６～１０ Ariel, C ６～１０ Aryl C １～６ Alkyl, C ６～１０ Aryloxy and C ６～１０ Aryl C １～６ It is an alkoxy, and here C ６～１０ The aryl group, either alone or as part of another group, has at least one R ７ The aqueous electrolyte according to claim 5, which is optionally substituted with

23. R ３ is hydrogen, hydroxy C １～６ Alkyl, C ６～１０ Aryl or C ６～１０ Aryl C １～６ It is alkyl, and here, the C ６～１０ Aryl or the C ６～１０ Aryl C １～６ Alkyl is at least one R ７ The aqueous electrolyte according to any one of claims 1 to 11, which is optionally substituted with

24. R １ and R ３ together, R １ and R ３ -P(R) ２ )(O)C containing at least one O-group ３～１０ Forming a heterocycle, the C ３～１０ A complex algebra is formed by two C ６～１０ The aqueous electrolyte according to claim 5, wherein it is condensed with an aryl group.

25. R １ and R ３ together, R １ and R ３ -P(R) ２ )(O)C containing at least one O-group ３～１０ Forming a heterocycle, the C ３～１０ A complex algebra is one with at least one R ７ The aqueous electrolyte according to claim 5, which is substituted with a group.

26. The electrolyte additive is formula IA or formula IB: The aqueous electrolyte according to claim 24 or 25, wherein n is an integer selected from 0, 1, and 2.

27. The aforementioned electrolyte additive is given by formula ID: The aqueous electrolyte according to claim 25, wherein n is an integer selected from 0, 1, and 2 in the formula.

28. R １ , R ２ and R ３ together, R １ , R ２ and R ３ A crosslinked C containing at least one -P(O)O- group to which is bonded. ３～１０ A complex ring is formed, where C ３～１０ A complex algebra is one with at least one R ７ The aqueous electrolyte according to claim 5, which is optionally substituted with a group.

29. The aforementioned electrolyte additive is of formula IC: The aqueous electrolyte according to claim 28, wherein n is an integer selected from 0, 1, and 2 in the formula.

30. The aqueous electrolyte according to claim 1, comprising an electrolyte additive of formula II or a salt thereof, an anion thereof, a hydrolysis product thereof, or an electrochemical reduction product thereof.

31. R ３ C １～６ Alkyl or C ６～１０ The aqueous electrolyte according to claim 30, wherein it is an aryl electrolyte.

32. R ４ and R ５ C １～６ Alkoxy and C ６～１０ An aqueous electrolyte according to claim 1, 2, 4, 30, or 31, selected from aryls.

33. R ３ and R ４ together, R ３ and R ４ -P(R) ５ ) C containing at least an O- group ３～１０ A complex ring is formed, where C ３～１０ A complex algebra is one with at least one R ７ The aqueous electrolyte according to claim 1, 2, 4, or 30, which is optionally substituted with a group.

34. R ５ C １～２０ The aqueous electrolyte according to claim 33, wherein it is an alkoxy.

35. Formula IIB: The aqueous electrolyte according to claim 33 or 34, wherein n is an integer selected from 0, 1, and 2.

36. R ３ , R ４ and R ５ together, R ３ , R ４ and R ５ A crosslinked C containing at least one -P-O- group to which is bonded. ３～１０ A complex ring is formed, where C ３～１０ A complex algebra is one with at least one R ７ The aqueous electrolyte according to claim 1, 2, 4, or 30, which is optionally substituted with a group.

37. Formula IA: The aqueous electrolyte according to claim 36, wherein n is an integer selected from 0, 1, and 2 in the formula.

38. R １ and R ２ These independently form hydrogen, -OH, and C. ６～１０ Aryloxy, C ６～１０ Ariel, C ６～１０ Aryl C １～６ Alkoxy and -C １～６ Alkyl-C(O)OR ６ Selected from, where C ６～１０ The aryl group, either alone or as part of another group, has at least one R ７ It is arbitrarily replaced with, R ３ is hydrogen, C ６～１０ Ariel, C １～６ Alkyl, C ６～１０ Aryl C １～６ Selected from alkyl, where C ６～１０ Aryl or the C ６～１０ Aryl C １～６ Alkyl is at least one R ７ It is arbitrarily replaced with, R ７ C １～６ Alkyl and hydroxy C １～６ Selected from alkyl groups, R ７ The aqueous electrolyte according to claim 5, wherein the compound is not further substituted.

39. R １ and R ２ These independently produce hydrogen, -OH, and C ６～１０ Selected from the alphabet, R ３ is hydrogen, or, R １ and R ３ together, R １ and R ３ -P(R) ２ )(O)C containing an O-group ３～１０ A complex ring is formed, where C ３～１０ A complex algebra is one with at least one R ７ The base is optionally replaced and / or the C ３～１０ A complex ring is a complex ring consisting of one or two C elements. ６～１０ It can be optionally condensed with an aryl group, or R １ , R ２ and R ３ together, R １ and R ３ -P(R) ２ )(O) Crosslinked C containing at least one O-group ３～１０ A complex ring is formed, where C ３～１０ A complex algebra is one with at least one R ７ It is arbitrarily substituted in the base, R ７ C １～６ Alkyl and hydroxy C １～６ Selected from alkyl groups, R ７ The aqueous electrolyte according to claim 5, wherein the compound is not further substituted.

40. R １ and R ２ These independently produce hydrogen, -OH, and C ６～１０ Selected from the alphabet, R ３ is hydrogen, or, R １ and R ３ together, R １ and R ３ -P(R) ２ )(O)C containing an O-group ３～１０ A complex ring is formed, where C ３～１０ A complex algebra is one with at least one R ７ The base is optionally replaced and / or the C ３～１０ A complex ring is a complex ring consisting of one or two C elements. ６～１０ It can be optionally condensed with an aryl group, R ７ C １～６ Alkyl and hydroxy C １～６ Selected from alkyl groups, R ７ The aqueous electrolyte according to claim 39, wherein the compound is not further substituted.

41. Said C １～６ The aqueous electrolyte according to any one of claims 1, 2, 4-9, 11-19, 22-26, 30-35, and 38, wherein the alkoxy is methoxy or ethoxy.

42. Said C ６～１０ The aqueous electrolyte according to any one of claims 1, 2, 4-18, 20-27, 30-33, 35 and 39-41, wherein the aryl is phenyl.

43. The compound of formula I is formula I-1: It is a compound of which, where formula I-1 is Na ＋ _K ＋ , Zn ２＋ Ca ２＋ The aqueous electrolyte according to any one of claims 1 to 25 and 38 to 42, further optionally comprising a cation selected from quaternary ammonium cations having a net positive charge.

44. The compound of formula II is formula II-1: It is a compound of which, where formula II-1 is Na ＋ _K ＋ , Zn ２＋ Ca ２＋ The aqueous electrolyte according to any one of claims 1 and 2, 4, 30 to 32, and 41 and 42, further optionally comprising a cation selected from quaternary ammonium cations having a net positive charge.

45. The cation is K ＋ The aqueous electrolyte according to claim 43 or 44.

46. The aforementioned electrolyte additive, The aqueous electrolyte according to claim 1, selected from the salt thereof, the anion thereof, the hydrolysis product thereof, the electrochemical reduction product thereof, or a combination thereof.

47. The aforementioned electrolyte additive, The aqueous electrolyte according to claim 46.

48. The aforementioned electrolyte additive, The aqueous electrolyte according to claim 1, selected from the salt thereof, the anion thereof, the hydrolysis product thereof, the electrochemical reduction product thereof, or a combination thereof.

49. The aforementioned electrolyte additive, The aqueous electrolyte according to claim 1, selected from the salt thereof, the anion thereof, the hydrolysis product thereof, the electrochemical reduction product thereof, or a combination thereof.

50. The aforementioned electrolyte additive, The aqueous electrolyte according to claim 1, selected from the salt thereof, the anion thereof, the hydrolysis product thereof, the electrochemical reduction product thereof, or a combination thereof.

51. The aqueous electrolyte according to any one of claims 1 to 50, wherein the electrolyte additive or combination of electrolyte additives is present in the aqueous electrolyte at a concentration of about 0.001 wt% or more to 30 wt% or less.

52. The aqueous electrolyte according to any one of claims 1 to 50, wherein the electrolyte additive or combination of electrolyte additives is present in the aqueous electrolyte at a concentration of about 0.001 wt% or more to 20 wt% or less.

53. The aqueous electrolyte according to any one of claims 1 to 50, wherein the electrolyte additive or combination of electrolyte additives is present in the aqueous electrolyte at a concentration of about 0.001 wt% or more to 10 wt% or less.

54. The aqueous electrolyte according to any one of claims 1 to 50, wherein the electrolyte additive or combination of electrolyte additives is present in the aqueous electrolyte at a concentration of about 0.001 wt% or more to 5 wt% or less.

55. The aqueous electrolyte according to any one of claims 1 to 50, wherein the electrolyte additive or combination of electrolyte additives is present in the aqueous electrolyte at a concentration of about 1 wt% or more to 5 wt% or less.

56. The aqueous electrolyte according to any one of claims 1 to 50, wherein the electrolyte additive or combination of electrolyte additives is present in the aqueous electrolyte at a concentration of about 0.5 wt% or more to 5 wt% or less.

57. The aqueous electrolyte according to any one of claims 1 to 50, wherein the electrolyte additive or combination of electrolyte additives is present in the aqueous electrolyte at a concentration of about 0.5 wt% or more to 3 wt% or less.

58. The aqueous electrolyte according to any one of claims 1 to 50, wherein the electrolyte additive or combination of electrolyte additives is present in the aqueous electrolyte at a concentration of about 0.5 wt% or more to 1 wt% or less.

59. The aqueous electrolyte according to any one of claims 1 to 50, wherein the electrolyte additive or combination of electrolyte additives is present in the aqueous electrolyte at a concentration of about 0.001 wt% or more to 0.5 wt% or less.

60. The aqueous electrolyte according to any one of claims 1 to 50, wherein the electrolyte additive or combination of electrolyte additives is present in the aqueous electrolyte at a concentration of about 0.001 wt% or more to 0.05 wt% or less.

61. The aqueous electrolyte according to any one of claims 1 to 50, wherein the electrolyte additive or combination of electrolyte additives is present in the aqueous electrolyte at a concentration of about 0.01 wt% or more to 0.5 wt% or less.

62. The aqueous electrolyte according to any one of claims 1 to 50, wherein the electrolyte additive or combination of electrolyte additives is present in the aqueous electrolyte at a concentration of about 0.1 wt% or more to 0.5 wt% or less.

63. The aqueous electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein the electrolyte additive is not phenyl phosphate.

64. The aqueous electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein the electrolyte additive is not trimethyl phosphate, dimethyl phosphate, trimethyl phosphite, and diethylphosphonoacetic acid.

65. A battery or electrochemical cell comprising the aqueous electrolyte according to any one of claims 1 to 64.

66. The battery or electrochemical cell according to claim 65, wherein the battery comprises an anode containing zinc.

67. An electrochemical cell comprising an anode which is zinc, a cathode selected from oxygen, lithium, carbon, cerium, chloride, bromide, iodide, iron, manganese dioxide, nickel, and silver oxide, and an aqueous electrolyte according to any one of claims 1 to 64.

68. An electrochemical cell comprising a cathode selected from lithium, carbon, chloride, bromide, iron, manganese dioxide, iodide, nickel, air, and silver oxide, and an aqueous electrolyte according to any one of claims 1 to 64.

69. A zinc-air battery comprising the aqueous electrolyte according to any one of claims 1 to 64.

70. The aqueous electrolyte according to any one of claims 1 to 64, wherein the aqueous electrolyte comprises potassium hydroxide (KOH).

71. The aqueous electrolyte according to claim 70, wherein the pH of the aqueous electrolyte is approximately 8 to 13.

72. The aqueous electrolyte according to claim 70, wherein the pH of the aqueous electrolyte is about 10.

73. The aqueous electrolyte according to claim 70, wherein the pH of the aqueous electrolyte is greater than 14.

74. The aqueous electrolyte according to any one of claims 1 to 64, wherein the aqueous electrolyte comprises zinc(II) sulfate.

75. A method for reducing or eliminating self-discharge and / or preventing hydrogen generation, (1) Zinc-lithium, zinc-carbon, zinc-chloride, zinc-bromide, zinc-air, zinc-iron, zinc-manganese dioxide, zinc-iodide, zinc-nickel or zinc-silver oxide anode, and (2) an aqueous electrolyte comprising KOH and at least one electrolyte additive according to any one of claims 1 to 64, To prepare an electrochemical cell containing, Furthermore, the electrochemical cell is charged to 0.5V or higher; The electrochemical cell is stored at 0°C to 120°C for at least one day. Furthermore, the electrochemical cell voltage should not decrease by more than 10% during storage. Methods that include...

76. A method for reducing or eliminating self-discharge and / or preventing hydrogen generation, (3) Zinc-lithium, zinc-carbon, zinc-chloride, zinc-bromide, zinc-air, zinc-iron, zinc-manganese dioxide, zinc-iodide, zinc-nickel or zinc-silver oxide anode, and (4) an aqueous electrolyte comprising zinc(II) sulfate and at least one electrolyte additive according to any one of claims 1 to 64, To prepare an electrochemical cell containing, Furthermore, the electrochemical cell is charged to 0.5V or higher; The electrochemical cell is stored at 0°C to 120°C for at least one day. Furthermore, the electrochemical cell voltage should not decrease by more than 10% during storage. Methods that include...

77. The method according to claim 75 or 76, wherein the electrochemical cell is charged to 1.0V or higher.

78. The method according to claim 75 or 76, wherein the electrochemical cell is charged to 1.5V or higher.

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