Power supply circuit and extended power supply circuit, and method for achieving PFC / boost / buck using the same.

Abstract

This application discloses a power supply circuit, first, second and third expandable power supply circuits of the power supply circuit, and a method for achieving PFC and boost / buck based on the power supply circuit. The power supply circuit includes an information acquisition module, an inductor, a switch, a controller for controlling the operating state of the switch, a capacitor, a transformer, and an output half-wave rectifier module. The power supply circuit of this application controls the charging and discharging time of the inductor by controlling the duty cycle and frequency of the switch, thereby achieving power factor tracking. At the same time, it can dynamically adjust the voltage boost and buck according to the magnitude of the input voltage and the output voltage requirements of the power supply circuit, thereby meeting load requirements. Compared to conventional technology, the power supply circuit unit and its first, second, and third expandable power supply circuits of this application can simultaneously perform functions such as voltage boosting, voltage bucking, and power factor tracking, use fewer components, effectively reduce costs, and offer superior stability, low energy loss, and high power conversion efficiency.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of power supply circuits, and more particularly to power supply circuit technology in high-power scenarios. [Background technology]

[0002] In conventional technology, power modules used in high-power scenarios (excluding those under 200W) or for high-power applications generally include a two-stage circuit consisting of a pre-stage and a post-stage. The pre-stage typically achieves power factor tracking (also known as PFC) based on a Boost rectifier or various topology circuits equivalent to a Boost circuit. The mainstream PFC topology is the three-phase three-wire three-level Vienna (e.g., two-system interleaved parallel three-phase three-wire three-level Vienna, single-phase interleaved three-phase three-wire three-level Vienna, totem-pole topology circuit, Boost circuit, etc.). On the other hand, the post-stage DC-DC system generally achieves step-down / constant voltage through a circuit topology based on a full-bridge or half-bridge.

[0003] Figure 1 shows the pre-PFC topology circuit of a conventional power supply module, specifically a schematic connection diagram of a three-phase, three-wire, three-level Vienna circuit. Figure 2 shows the post-DC / DC topology circuit of a conventional power supply module, achieving voltage stabilization and isolation of the power supply module, specifically a schematic connection diagram of two sets of interleaved series two-level full-bridge LLCs. As is clear from Figures 1 and 2, conventional power supply circuits use a large number of components and have a very complex circuit configuration, which inevitably leads to problems such as reduced power supply circuit stability.

[0004] Conventional power module products that achieve PFC (Power Factor Correction) using a two-stage circuit and perform step-down / constant voltage conversion using DC / DC converters suffer from the problem of high energy consumption. For example, some power modules commonly found on the market that maintain a full load efficiency in the range of 95% to 95.5% include Huawei's product number R100030G1 charging module (with a full load efficiency of 95.35% according to publicly available data) and Yingfeiyuan's product number REG1K0100A2 charging module (with a full load efficiency of 95.5% according to publicly available data). For example, if we consider a charging module product with a full load efficiency of 95.5% and an output power of 30kW, the energy consumption per hour would be (1-95.5%) × 30kW × 1h = 1.35kWh, meaning that approximately 1.35kWh of energy is wasted per hour.

[0005] Consequently, conventional power modules generally require a two-stage circuit, a pre-stage and a post-stage, to achieve power conversion and transmission. This results in a large number of components and complex circuit connections, leading to problems such as low conversion efficiency, high costs to achieve the same conversion efficiency, significant energy loss, and relatively low stability. [Overview of the project]

[0006] One objective of this application is to provide a power supply circuit and first, second, and third extended power supply circuits based on said power supply circuit, thereby solving problems in the prior art such as low power conversion efficiency, high cost to achieve the same power conversion efficiency, and low stability of power supply circuits.

[0007] This application provides a power supply circuit, which includes an information acquisition module, a power supply circuit unit and a controller, and the power supply circuit unit includes an inductor, a switch, a capacitor and a transformer.

[0008] One end of the input power supply that supplies power to the power supply circuit unit is connected to one end of the inductor, the other end of the inductor is connected to one end of the capacitor and one end of the switch, the other end of the capacitor is connected to one end of the primary winding of the transformer, the other end of the switch and the other end of the primary winding of the transformer are connected to the other end of the input power supply and grounded, and two output terminals of the secondary winding of the transformer are the output terminals of the power supply circuit unit.

[0009] The information collection module is used to collect information on the input terminal and / or output terminal of the power supply circuit unit.

[0010] The controller is connected to the information collection module and the switch, generates command information for controlling the duty cycle and frequency of the switch based on the information collected by the information collection module and the output demand of the power supply circuit due to the load, and causes the switch to execute the command information.

[0011] This application further provides a first extended power supply circuit. When the input power supply is an alternating current, it includes the above two power supply circuit units. The first extended power supply circuit includes a first power supply circuit unit and a second power supply circuit unit, a first information collection module for collecting voltage / current information of the input terminal and output terminal of the first extended power supply circuit, a first diode and a second diode respectively connected to the first power supply circuit unit and the second power supply circuit unit, and a first control center connected to the first information collection module for controlling the operating state of the switch in the first / second power supply circuit unit.

[0012] This application further provides a second extended power supply circuit. When the input power supply is an alternating current, the second extended power supply circuit includes the above two power supply circuit units, namely the third power supply circuit unit and the fourth power supply circuit unit, and a second information collection module for collecting voltage / current information of the input terminal and output terminal of the second extended power supply circuit, and a second control center connected to the second information collection module for controlling the operating state of the switches in the third / fourth power supply circuit unit.

[0013] This application further provides a third extended power supply circuit. When the input power supply is an alternating current, the third extended power supply circuit includes the second extended power supply circuit with the inductor omitted in the above third or fourth power supply circuit unit.

[0014] This application further provides a method for simultaneously realizing power factor tracking and boosting / buckling by a power supply circuit. The power supply circuit is the above power supply circuit, or the above first extended power supply circuit, or the above second extended power supply circuit, or the above third extended power supply circuit,

[0015] Step S1 of dynamically obtaining the values of the current actual input current, input voltage, output voltage, and output current; Step S2 of comparing the obtained current actual output power with the target output power required by the connected load; Step S3 of dynamically determining a target input current value based on the comparison result between the current actual output power and the target output power; Step S4 of comparing the value of the current actual input current with the value of the target input current, and dynamically determining command information for adjusting the duty cycle and frequency of the switch based on the comparison result; Step S5 of the switch of the power supply circuit executing the command information so that the value of the current actual input current of the power supply circuit is as close as possible to the value of the target input current, and dynamically controlling the charge and discharge time of the inductor in the power supply circuit.

[0016] Compared to prior art, the power supply circuit of this application includes a power supply circuit unit consisting of an inductor, a switch, a capacitor, and a transformer; an information acquisition module for collecting current / voltage information of the input and output terminals of the power supply circuit; and a controller that generates command information for controlling the duty cycle and frequency of the switch and causes the switch to execute the command information based on the information collected by the information acquisition module and the output demand of the power supply circuit due to the load. When the switch is in the ON state, the switch, input power supply, and inductor form a circuit to charge the inductor, and at this time, the capacitor forms an LC oscillation circuit equivalent to the inductance of the primary winding of the switch and transformer. When the switch is in the off state, the input power supply, inductor, capacitor, and the primary winding of the transformer equivalently form an LLC oscillator circuit. The input power supply and the charged inductor charge the capacitor, and the current change in the primary winding of the transformer induces power in the secondary winding. Power transmission is achieved by using the output terminal of the secondary winding as the power output terminal of the power supply circuit. The first, second, and third extended power supply circuits relating to this application are extensions and optimizations based on the power supply circuit, which can further reduce energy consumption and further improve power conversion efficiency. In particular, in high-power scenarios, the inclusion of two transformers and two switches in the two power supply circuit units allows for more uniform heat dissipation from the transformers and switches, effectively solving the problem of heat concentration in the transformers and switches. Furthermore, the method for simultaneously achieving power factor tracking and boosting / bucking voltage according to output demand using the power supply circuit described in this application involves adjusting the peak value of the input current at a high frequency, further adjusting the switch frequency and duty cycle, and controlling the charge / discharge time of the inductor to achieve power factor tracking, while dynamically adjusting boosting and bucking voltage according to the input voltage and the output voltage requirements of the power supply circuit, and achieving high-frequency isolation to meet load demands. Compared to conventional technologies, the power supply circuit of this application can simultaneously achieve functions such as voltage boosting, voltage bucking, power factor tracking, and high-frequency isolation, uses fewer components, effectively reduces costs, offers excellent stability, low energy loss, and high power conversion efficiency. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0017] [Figure 1] This is a schematic diagram of the connection of a three-phase, three-wire, three-level Vienna circuit, which is a pre-PFC topology circuit for power module circuits in conventional technology. [Figure 2] This is a schematic diagram illustrating the connection of two sets of interleaved series 2-level full-bridge circuits, which are the downstream DC / DC topology circuits of a power supply module in conventional technology. [Figure 3] This is a schematic diagram of the connection of a power supply circuit unit in one embodiment of this application. [Figure 4] This is a schematic diagram of the connection of a power supply circuit unit in another embodiment of this application. [Figure 5] This is a schematic diagram of the connection of the first extended power supply circuit in one embodiment of the present application. [Figure 6] This is a schematic diagram of the connection of the second extended power supply circuit in one embodiment of the present application. [Figure 7] This is a schematic diagram of the connection of the third extended power supply circuit in one embodiment of the present application. [Figure 8] This is a schematic diagram of the connection of a power supply circuit unit in another embodiment of this application. [Figure 9] This is a schematic diagram of the connection of a power supply circuit unit in another embodiment of this application. [Figure 10] This is a flowchart illustrating a method for achieving both PFC and dynamic boost / buck adjustment using a power supply circuit according to one embodiment of this application. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0018] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical means of this application, the technical means of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings of the embodiments of this application. The embodiments described are only a selection of embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. All other embodiments that can be obtained by those skilled in the art without any creative work based on the embodiments of this application are all within the scope of protection of this application.

[0019] Furthermore, terms such as "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and drawings of this application are for distinguishing similar subjects and do not necessarily indicate a specific order or priority. It should be understood that the data used herein may be rearranged as appropriate so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be carried out in an order other than those illustrated or described herein. Also, the terms "includes," "has," and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus including a series of steps or units may include other steps or units that are not explicitly shown or are specific to these processes, methods, products, or apparatus, but are not limited to those explicitly shown.

[0020] As shown in Figures 1 and 2, conventional power supply circuits consist of a two-stage circuit, a pre-stage and a post-stage circuit. The pre-stage circuit shown in Figure 1 performs power factor tracking (PFC), voltage boosting, and rectification, while the post-stage circuit shown in Figure 2 performs voltage bucking, voltage stabilization, and isolation between the input and output sides. The entire power supply circuit consists of a two-stage circuit, and the number of components in the pre-stage and post-stage circuits is large, resulting in complex circuit connections. In high-power applications exceeding 200W, Vienna circuits and totem-pole circuits are commonly used as the pre-amplifier power factor tracking circuits, while LLC circuits and phase-shifted full-bridge circuits are commonly used as the post-amplifier circuits. In conventional power supply circuit technology, the input AC power is rectified by a power factor tracking circuit in the preceding stage and boosted to a constant voltage DC power, while also performing power factor tracking during the boosting process. Subsequently, the DC / DC circuit in the following stage dynamically boosts or lowers the constant voltage DC power generated in the preceding stage to a voltage specified by the product user. Because the current passes through a two-stage circuit consisting of a power factor tracking circuit and a DC / DC circuit, a large amount of energy loss occurs in the components. The power supply circuit according to this application simultaneously realizes the functions of a conventional pre-stage power factor tracking circuit and a post-stage DC / DC circuit in a single circuit, achieving power factor tracking with a very small number of components, and simultaneously achieving dynamic voltage boosting / bucking to the voltage required by the load and isolation between the input and output sides.

[0021] The power supply circuit of this application realizes the conversion of electrical energy, that is, the conversion of electrical energy at different currents, voltages, and powers, and specifically includes, but is not limited to, inverters, converters, current transformers, variable frequency drives, and power supply charging modules.

[0022] As shown in Figure 3, this application provides a power supply circuit including an information acquisition module, a power supply circuit unit and a controller, wherein the power supply circuit unit includes an inductor, a switch, a capacitor and a transformer. One end of the input power supply that supplies power to the power supply circuit unit is connected to one end of an inductor, the other end of the inductor is connected to one end of a capacitor and one end of a switch, the other end of the capacitor is connected to one end of the primary winding of a transformer, the other end of the switch and the other end of the primary winding of the transformer are connected to the other end of the input power supply and grounded, both ends of the secondary winding of the transformer are the output terminals of the power supply circuit unit, an information acquisition module is used to acquire information from the input terminals and / or output terminals of the power supply circuit unit, a controller is connected to the information acquisition module and the switch and generates command information to control the duty cycle and operating frequency of the switch based on the information acquired by the information acquisition module and the power output request of the load, and controls the switch according to said command information.

[0023] Specifically, the operating process of the power supply circuit is as follows:

[0024] When the switch is ON, the switch, input power supply, and inductor form a circuit that charges the inductor, and the capacitor, switch, and the inductance of the primary winding of the transformer form an LC oscillator circuit. When the switch is OFF, the input power supply, inductor, capacitor, and the primary winding of the transformer form an LLC oscillator circuit, the input power supply and the charged inductor charge the capacitor, and the primary winding of the transformer induces energy into the secondary winding. Here, the inductor of the power supply circuit unit simultaneously achieves power factor tracking and dynamic boost / buck adjustment in response to output demands by controlling the switching operation process by the controller.

[0025] As shown in Figure 3, a schematic diagram of the power supply circuit unit of the present invention is shown, and the power supply circuit unit includes an inductor L, a switch K, a capacitor C, a transformer T, and an output-side half-wave rectifier module. One end of the input power supply is connected to one end of inductor L, the other end of inductor L is connected to one end of capacitor C and one end of switch K, the other end of capacitor C is connected to one end of the primary winding of transformer T, the other end of switch K and the other end of the primary winding of the transformer are connected to the other end of the input power supply and grounded, and both ends of the secondary winding of the transformer are output terminals to which the power supply circuit unit supplies power. The controller controls the proportion of time that switch K is ON within a predetermined period based on the power output requirements of the power supply circuit unit, and the period may be variable. The controller generates switch control information based on the voltage and current information of the input and output terminals acquired by the information acquisition module, as well as the output requirements of the load, and controls the frequency and duty cycle of the ON / OFF operation of switch K.

[0026] The operating principle of the power supply circuit is as follows:

[0027] Specifically, based on the information acquired by the information acquisition module and the output requests of the power supply circuit due to the load, command information is generated to control the duty cycle and frequency of the switch. When switch K is in the ON state, a circuit is formed by switch K, input power supply and inductor L, the input power supply charges inductor L through the circuit, and the capacitor C, switch K and the primary winding inductance of transformer T form an LC oscillator circuit. When switch K is in the off state, the input power supply, inductor L, capacitor C, and the primary winding inductance of transformer T form an LLC oscillator circuit. The input power supply and the charged inductor L charge capacitor C, and the current change on the primary side of the transformer induces power on the secondary side of transformer T.

[0028] In this embodiment, the power supply circuit controls the operating state of switch K to charge inductor L, then discharge it into capacitor C and the primary winding of transformer T, thereby supplying energy to the primary winding of transformer T, and further inducing this energy into the secondary winding of transformer T to output power. By controlling the frequency and duty cycle of switch K, the charging and discharging time of inductor L and the charging and discharging time of the primary winding inductance of the transformer can be controlled, and furthermore, the amount of power output from the output terminal of the secondary winding of the transformer can be controlled. According to this embodiment, compared to conventional technology, power transmission can be achieved with a power supply circuit composed of fewer components, resulting in low cost, excellent stability, and high conversion efficiency.

[0029] Specifically, the circuits formed in the power supply circuit of this embodiment are as follows: Circuit (1) [Input power supply + Inductor L + Capacitor C + Transformer T], Circuit (2) [Input power supply + Inductor L + Switch K], Circuit (3) [Capacitor C + Transformer T + Switch K].

[0030] Furthermore, the detailed operating process of the power supply circuit in this embodiment is as follows. When switch K is ON, the input power supply charges inductor L, and inductor L stores energy. At the moment switch K is turned OFF, inductor L generates a high voltage to prevent abrupt changes in current across its terminals, and transmits energy through the new circuit (1) formed by the OFF state of switch K. Inductor L and the input power supply charge capacitor C, and as the input power supply voltage changes, the charge voltage of capacitor C tracks the current input voltage. In particular, when the AC input voltage is near 0 volts, the voltage across capacitor C is also near 0 volts. The energy stored on the primary side of inductor L and transformer T is induced on the secondary side by the primary side of the transformer, and at this time, the sum of the input power supply voltage and the voltage across inductor L is equal to the sum of the voltage across capacitor C and the voltage across the primary winding of transformer T, i.e., V 入力電源 +V L =V C +V T一次側 Consequently, the transformer T induces the energy in the secondary winding, and when the switch K switches from the off state to the on state, the power supply circuit sequentially forms the following circuits and operating processes. The power supply circuit (2) charges the inductor L with the input power supply, and circuit (3) charges the capacitor C with the primary winding of the transformer T. At this time, the voltage across capacitor C follows the current voltage of the input power supply, and the primary winding of the transformer T and capacitor C form an LC resonant circuit, retaining energy within the circuit. Simultaneously, when switch K is turned on, circuit (2) causes the input power supply to recharge the inductor L for the next energy storage.

[0031] Even when the input power supply is a periodically fluctuating voltage, such as a sine wave, square wave, triangular wave, or trapezoidal wave, this power supply circuit can achieve power factor tracking and simultaneously perform dynamic adjustment of voltage boosting and / or bucking according to the desired output.

[0032] Specifically, when the input power supply provides a periodically fluctuating voltage, the power supply circuit achieves the following power factor tracking operation process by coordinating the operating states of the inductor and the switch.

[0033] If the input power supply is a periodic AC power supply, the voltage period T' applied to the inductor after rectification is defined as the first time interval. [If the input power supply is DC, the voltage period T' of the input power supply is directly defined as the first time interval without rectification.] Within this first time interval T', the input voltage continues to change. Because the inductor has the characteristic of not allowing sudden current changes due to its parameter characteristics, the controller sets the time period interval corresponding to the switching frequency of switch K as the second time period T''. When the second time interval T'' is several orders of magnitude smaller than the input power supply voltage period T'', within the range of the voltage period T'', switch K completes hundreds or thousands of on / off cycles, meaning that the input power supply voltage period T'' itself has a trough-to-peak transition process, and because the on / off switching frequency of switch K is high, in the process of controlling the operation of the power supply circuit unit by the operating state of switch K, the input power supply voltage does not change significantly locally and can be considered to remain virtually unchanged, meaning that the corresponding input power supply voltage does not change before and after switching switch K once. Furthermore, when the first time interval T'' contains a very large number of second time intervals T'', that is, when the input voltage clearly changes, inductor L performs multiple charge / discharge processes controlled by switch K, meaning that at this time, inductor L completes multiple cycles of circuits (1), (2), and (3) in the above operating process. The inductor L obtains electrical energy from the voltage corresponding to the current input power supply (even if it is low), and smoothly transmits the current to the transformer T via the above circuit, and further supplies it to the electrical energy output terminal. As a result, not only the peak voltage of the sinusoidal voltage of the input power supply but also the very low voltage of the input power supply can be transmitted effectively and smoothly, thereby achieving power factor tracking.

[0034] In this embodiment, the inductor can achieve power factor tracking in the power supply circuit, which means that the inductor can make full use of the very low voltage electrical energy input by the input power supply, and by rationally setting the values ​​of T' and T'' in the above method, the power factor of the power supply circuit unit can exceed 99% under output conditions of rated output or half load or higher.

[0035] Specifically, the power supply circuit of this application can achieve the above-mentioned power factor tracking and, in combination with the operating state of switch K, can achieve dynamic adjustment of boost and buck voltage based on the specific conditions of the input voltage and the output voltage required for the load of the power supply circuit. The specific dynamic adjustment process for boost / buck voltage is as follows.

[0036] If the voltage supplied by the power supply circuit is insufficient to meet the load requirements and a voltage boost is necessary, the controller generates control information to increase the duty cycle of switch K or decrease the operating frequency of switch K, that is, to extend the charging time of inductor L and the primary winding of the transformer. When switch K is in the off state, inductor L and the primary winding of the transformer induce more power to the secondary winding of transformer T, thereby achieving a voltage boost. Furthermore, if the voltage supplied by the power supply circuit unit is high and a voltage boost is necessary, the controller generates control information to decrease the duty cycle of switch K or increase the operating frequency of switch K, shortening the charging time of inductor L and the primary winding of the transformer. This reduces the amount of power transmitted to the secondary winding of the transformer, thereby achieving a voltage boost.

[0037] Here, when the period interval T'' corresponding to the operating frequency of switch K is several orders of magnitude higher than the voltage period T'' supplied from the input power supply, i.e., T''>>T'', the frequency and duty cycle of switch K are adjusted, and further, the charge / discharge time of the inductor is adjusted to achieve boost / buck voltage. Specifically, the voltage period T'' of the input power supply can be set based on the specific conditions of the input power supply. Furthermore, if the input power supply is an AC with periodically changing voltage, for example, a high-frequency sinusoidal AC, the frequency is 50Hz and the corresponding period is 20ms. If it is a pulsating DC voltage formed after passing through a rectifier bridge, the corresponding T'=10ms. If the input power supply does not have obvious periodicity in its voltage change, the value of T'' can be set by approximating the change period of a sinusoidal AC. The specific setting method should satisfy the requirements described above and realize the means of this application.

[0038] In this embodiment, "boost" and "buck" refer to the power supply circuit supplying the necessary voltage, current, and power to the load according to the load's requirements. To ensure that the power supply circuit reliably supplies the necessary power to the load, the load has certain requirements regarding the circuit's output voltage. In some loads, such as battery loads, resistive loads, and power system loads, the output voltage fluctuation may be small, while the current fluctuation may be large. On the other hand, there are loads with large output voltage fluctuations and currents that change proportionally to the voltage, as well as loads that have specific requirements regarding the output voltage waveform.

[0039] Depending on the load requirements, the voltage provided by the power supply circuit may be higher or lower than the maximum voltage at the input terminal. Furthermore, the output voltage of the power supply circuit may change over time.

[0040] In this application, "dynamic boost" refers to a state where the output voltage exceeds the maximum value of the input voltage and is dynamically adjusted according to the load requirements. "Dynamic buck" refers to a state where the output voltage falls below the maximum value of the input voltage and is dynamically adjusted according to the load requirements. In order to ensure the advantages of this power supply circuit, such as excellent stability and low cost, while simultaneously achieving high power conversion efficiency, it is necessary to appropriately select the parameters of each component within the power supply circuit.

[0041] As a principle for determining component parameters in a power supply circuit, specific component parameters relate to the input voltage, output voltage, and output power of the power supply circuit. First, it is necessary to determine the maximum value of the input voltage, the maximum value of the output voltage, and the output power of the power supply circuit. Here, in the case of AC power, the maximum value of the voltage refers to the RMS value, and in the case of DC power, the maximum value of the voltage refers to the maximum value of the input / output voltage range.

[0042] Based on the ratio of the maximum input voltage to the maximum output voltage and the output power of the power supply circuit unit, the parameters of the capacitors in the power supply circuit, the parameters of the inductors, the inductance and primary / secondary winding ratio of the transformer's primary / secondary windings, and the operating frequency range of the switches are determined.

[0043] Specifically, when determining the parameters of the primary and secondary inductances of the inductors and transformers in a power supply circuit, the following points must be considered. Under conditions where the switch's operating frequency and duty cycle, the transformer's primary inductance, and the inductor's inductance remain constant, an increase in input voltage allows the transformer's primary winding to store more energy during the switch's on period, and this energy is then induced in the transformer's secondary winding during the switch's off period, thereby increasing the output power of the power supply circuit unit. Conversely, a decrease in input voltage can reduce the output power of the power supply circuit unit.

[0044] Under conditions where the maximum input voltage, inductor inductance, switch operating frequency, and duty cycle are constant, a decrease in the primary inductance of the transformer allows it to store more energy during the on-period of the switch, and during the off-period of the switch, this energy is induced in the secondary winding of the transformer, increasing the output power. On the other hand, as the primary inductance of the transformer increases, the output power decreases. Furthermore, it is necessary to consider that excessive energy stored in the primary winding of a transformer can cause transformer saturation, potentially reducing power conversion efficiency.

[0045] In practice, changing the turns ratio of the primary and secondary windings of a transformer affects the conversion efficiency of the circuit. Specifically, when the input voltage, switch operating frequency and duty cycle, load resistance, transformer primary inductance, and inductor inductance are constant, the output voltage can be increased by increasing the number of turns in the secondary winding or decreasing the number of turns in the primary winding, i.e., by lowering the primary / secondary winding ratio. Conversely, the output voltage can be reduced by decreasing the number of turns in the secondary winding or increasing the number of turns in the primary winding, i.e., by increasing the primary / secondary winding ratio. By determining the transformer parameters based on specific application scenarios and the methods described above, the conversion efficiency of the power supply circuit unit can be effectively improved.

[0046] In practice, under conditions where the input voltage, switch operating frequency and duty cycle, and transformer primary inductance are constant, a decrease in the inductor's inductance allows the inductor to store more energy during the switch's on period, and during the switch's off period, this energy charges the primary side of the transformer and is further induced on the secondary side, thereby increasing the output power of the power supply circuit unit. Conversely, an increase in the inductor's inductance reduces the output power of the power supply circuit unit.

[0047] When determining the switching frequency range, the following points must be considered. In a power supply circuit, if the parameters of other circuit assemblies remain constant, reducing the switching frequency increases the energy storage time t due to switch conduction within one cycle, and thus the frequency f decreases. During this time, the energy stored in the primary windings of the inductor and transformer increases during the switch conduction period, and the output power of the power supply circuit unit increases. Conversely, increasing the switching frequency reduces the output power of the power supply circuit. Furthermore, as the switching frequency increases, switch losses occur at the moment of conduction and disconnection of the switch, and the higher the switching frequency, the greater the switch losses. Here, the conversion efficiency of the transformer must also be considered, as different magnetic cores have different inductances and conversion efficiencies depending on the frequency. If the frequency is too low, for example below 30 kHz, the transformer is prone to saturation, which may reduce the conversion efficiency. On the other hand, if the frequency is too high, for example above 500 kHz, the inductance of the transformer changes significantly, which may reduce the conversion efficiency.

[0048] As mentioned above, the process of determining the capacitor parameters involves the capacitor storing energy during the switch-off period, and then transferring the stored energy to the transformer's primary winding during the switch-on period by resonating with the transformer's primary winding. If the capacitance value of the capacitor is too small, insufficient energy will be stored in the capacitor during operation, reducing the output power of the power supply circuit unit, and consequently lowering the conversion efficiency. On the other hand, if the capacitance value of the capacitor is too large, when the input power source is an AC power source, the capacitor voltage cannot track the changes in the AC input voltage, making calculations in the power factor tracking process difficult and reducing the power conversion efficiency.

[0049] As is clear from the above analysis, each circuit assembly included in the power supply circuit and their connections constitute an integrated system, and the parameter settings of each circuit assembly are interrelated and must be consistent as a whole. In practice, while taking into account the voltage conditions input to the power supply circuit, the requirements for the output voltage / output power of the connected load, and the detailed parameter selection principles described above, it is necessary to further consider the material and cost of the transformer and inductor, as well as the saturation situation of the transformer and inductor caused by the output power, so as to design the inductance of the inductor, thereby realizing the parameter balance of each circuit assembly in the entire power supply circuit. That is, it is necessary to individually select the setting range for each parameter such as the inductance of the inductor and the primary winding of the transformer, the switching frequency, and the capacitor in the power supply circuit, and to consider the coordination of each parameter as a whole based on the logical relationship of the parameter settings between the circuit assemblies, so as to ensure a higher power conversion efficiency on the premise that the power supply circuit has good performance.

[0050] Preferably, the ratio of the maximum value V 入力 of the input voltage to the power supply circuit to the maximum value V 出力 of the output voltage is V 入力 :V 出力 =0.2~8.0. When the output power is greater than 200W, the parameter range of the capacitor is 30nF~3μF, the inductance range of the primary winding of the transformer is 10μH~1000μH, and the range of the ratio of the primary winding / secondary winding of the transformer is R 一次側 :R 二次側 =1:5~5:1.

[0051] Specifically, when the output power of the power supply circuit is greater than 200W and the ratio of the maximum value of the input voltage to the maximum value of the output voltage is 0.2~8.0, according to the above parameter selection rules, when the parameter of the capacitor is less than 30nF, the voltage across both ends of the capacitor rises rapidly during the off period of the switch, the voltage across both ends of the switch rises rapidly, which may damage the switch, or a switch with a higher withstand voltage must be used, increasing the cost of the switch. Furthermore, in high-power scenarios, when the capacitor parameter is less than 30nF, the energy stored in the capacitor during the switch's off period is insufficient, and it cannot adequately support the energy released to the transformer's primary inductance during the switch's conduction period, resulting in a decrease in power conversion efficiency. If the capacitor parameter is greater than 3μF, the current in the transformer's primary winding inductor rises sharply during the switch's conduction period. At the moment the switch is turned off, the voltage spike due to the transformer's leakage inductance becomes too high, increasing the voltage rating requirement for the switch and consequently increasing the cost of the switch. In AC input power supply scenarios, if the capacitor parameter of the power supply circuit exceeds 3μF, excess energy can accumulate in the capacitor, potentially causing the voltage across the capacitor to be significantly higher than the input voltage when the input voltage is near the zero-crossing point of a sine wave. As a result, even though the voltage charging the power supply circuit's inductor is near 0V, the voltage charging the transformer's primary inductance may be higher than 0V, potentially reducing the efficiency of power factor tracking. If the inductance of the primary winding of a transformer is less than 10 μH, it becomes difficult to balance the transformer's parameters. For example, if the number of turns is too few, it is prone to saturation and cannot handle high power. Alternatively, if the number of turns is sufficient, but the air gap in the magnetic core is too large, it causes serious magnetic leakage and reduces efficiency. If the primary inductance of a transformer is greater than 1000 μH, the energy stored in the primary inductor of the transformer decreases during the period when the switch conducts and stores energy. In order to handle sufficient power, the operating frequency of the switch needs to be reduced. However, if the operating frequency of the switch is too low, the conversion efficiency of the transformer will be low and it will be prone to saturation. When the primary / secondary winding ratio of a transformer is less than 1:5, the transformer manufacturing process becomes difficult, and excessive leakage inductance is likely to occur in the secondary winding. When the switch is conducting, this leakage inductance in the secondary winding causes large fluctuations in the current flowing through the switch, resulting in a significant decrease in efficiency. If the primary winding / secondary winding ratio of a transformer is greater than 5:1, the manufacturing process of the transformer becomes difficult, and excessive leakage inductance is likely to occur in the primary winding. At the moment the switch is turned off, this leakage inductance in the primary winding can cause large voltage fluctuations across the switch, potentially damaging the switch, or requiring the selection of a switch with a higher voltage rating, thus increasing the cost of the switch.

[0052] Specifically, in this embodiment, based on the parameter selection principle described above, the parameters of the inductor of the power supply circuit are further determined. During the operation of the power supply circuit, electrical energy is dynamically allocated between the inductor and the primary winding of the transformer based on the relationship between the inductance of the inductor and the inductance of the primary winding of the transformer. Therefore, the parameters of the inductor need to be set over a wide range, specifically from 1 μH to 10 mH. When a large amount of energy is stored in the inductor and the inductor is involved in the transfer of a large amount of energy, the parameter value of the inductor can be made smaller, and the parameter range can be made from 1 μH to 100 μH. When the inductor is not involved in energy transfer or is involved in the transfer of a small amount of energy, the parameter value of the inductor can be made larger, and the parameter range can be made from 2 mH to 10 mH.

[0053] Furthermore, the following situations must be considered when determining the specific values ​​of the inductor parameters.

[0054] When selecting an inductor's inductance to a value close to the inductance of the transformer's primary winding, as an example (not limited to this case),

[0055] When both the inductance of the inductor and the inductance of the primary winding of the transformer are designed to be between 10 μH and 30 μH, during the period when the switch conducts and stores energy, the stored energy of the primary winding of the transformer and the inductor match. In this way, the inductor shares the role of energy transfer, and the inductor and the primary winding of the transformer balance the heat generation. Furthermore, there are requirements regarding the material of the inductor's magnetic core, and it is necessary to seriously measure the energy storage and energy transfer processes of the selected magnetic core to avoid inductor saturation, which can lead to increased inductor costs.

[0056] When the inductance of an inductor is much larger than the inductance of the primary winding of a transformer, for example, if the inductor is designed to have an inductance of 800 μH to 1000 μH and the transformer is designed to have an inductance of 10 μH, then during the energy storage period, energy storage by the primary inductor of the transformer becomes the primary energy storage. In this way, energy transfer by the inductor is reduced, which has the advantage of reducing the cost of the inductor's magnetic core.

[0057] If the inductance of the inductor is made much smaller than the inductance of the primary winding of the transformer, for example, if the inductance of the inductor is designed to be 10 μH and the inductance of the transformer is designed to be 1000 μH, then during the energy storage period, the energy stored in the inductor will be much greater than the energy stored on the primary side of the transformer. When both the inductance of the inductor and the inductance of the primary winding of the transformer are made large, for example, if the inductance of the inductor is designed to be between 100 μH and 1000 μH, the switching frequency must be set to a very low range in order to output more than 200 W of power, and this is prone to causing saturation of the transformer and inductor, and the requirements for setting the parameters of the transformer and inductor are very high. In practice, the power supply circuit unit of this means has low electrical energy conversion efficiency.

[0058] Specifically, in this embodiment, the operating frequency of the switch is related to various parameters. When parameters such as the inductance of the transformer's primary winding, the inductance of the inductor, the duty cycle of the switch, the input voltage, and the load remain unchanged, lowering the operating frequency of the switch improves the output power of the power supply circuit unit, while increasing the operating frequency of the switch lowers the output frequency of the power supply circuit unit. Note that if the switching frequency is too low, it is likely to cause saturation of the inductor and transformer, and if the switching frequency is too high, the switch losses increase. Specifically, it is necessary to dynamically adjust the switching frequency in real time based on the fluctuations in the input voltage and the dynamic requirements for the output voltage.

[0059] Furthermore, in the process by which the power supply circuit dynamically adjusts the voltage boost or buck to meet the output requirements, the duty cycle and frequency values ​​of the switch must be calculated and adjusted in real time. The process by which the power supply circuit achieves power factor tracking involves adjusting the duty cycle and frequency of the switch so that the actual input current is synchronized with the input voltage and approaches in real time a target input current that is represented as a regularly changing input voltage. Therefore, the operating frequency of the switch must be dynamically adjusted while satisfying power factor tracking, and specifically, its range is approximately 30K to 500K.

[0060] Based on the above, when the output power of the power supply circuit is greater than 200W, and the ratio of the maximum input voltage to the maximum output voltage is 0.2 to 8, setting the capacitor parameters to 30nF to 3μF, the primary inductance of the transformer to 10μH to 1000μH, the inductor parameter range to 1μH to 10mH, and the primary winding / secondary winding ratio of the transformer to 1:5 to 5:1 allows the electrical energy conversion rate of the power supply circuit unit to reach 96% or higher, and in certain specific scenarios, the electrical energy conversion rate can reach 98%. Specifically, refer to Examples 1 to 64 of the experimental data in Table 1. Compared to the conventional technology, the electrical energy conversion rate is higher, and the power supply circuit uses fewer components, achieving an ultra-high electrical energy conversion rate at a low cost. Dynamic boosting and bucking based on load requirements can be achieved. Compared to the conventional technology, when the electrical energy conversion rate of the circuit is the same, the power supply circuit of this application is more stable, less expensive, has less electrical energy loss, and is more energy-efficient.

[0061] Preferably, the ratio of the maximum input voltage of the power supply circuit to the maximum output voltage is V 入力 :V 出力 If =0.2~1.0 and the output power is 200W~1000W, then the range of the transformer's primary winding inductance is 10μH~1000μH, the range of the capacitor parameters is 100nF~3μF, and the range of the transformer's primary winding / secondary winding ratio is R 一次側 :R 二次側 = 1:5 to 1:1

[0062] Specifically, in this embodiment, the range of parameters for the corresponding capacitors, primary windings of transformers, and primary / secondary winding ratios of transformers of the power supply circuit unit is provided when the output power of the power supply circuit unit is 200W to 1000W and the ratio of the calculated input voltage to the calculated output voltage is 0.2 to 1.0. Following the parameter determination principles and processes described above, once the specific maximum input voltage, maximum output voltage, and output power are determined, selecting and determining the specific parameters of the corresponding components within the range of parameters provided in this embodiment satisfies power factor tracking and dynamic adjustment of boost / buck based on the output terminal requirements, and the electrical energy conversion rate can reach 98%. For details of specific parameter experimental data and measurement results, refer to Examples 1-18 in Table 1. Compared to the prior art, the power supply circuit unit of this application has significantly fewer components, lower energy loss, lower cost, and higher circuit stability compared to the prior art circuit, while maintaining the same functionality and electrical energy conversion rate.

[0063] As an example, and not an exhaustive one, if the maximum input voltage of the power supply circuit is 50V, the maximum output voltage is approximately 250V, and the output power is 200W, then, based on the above parameter design principles, the inductance parameter of the inductor should be designed to approximately 10μH to 1mH, the inductance parameter of the primary winding of the transformer should be approximately 10μH to 1mH, the capacitor parameter should be approximately 500nF to 3000nF, and the primary winding / secondary winding ratio of the transformer should be approximately 1:5 to 1:2. In this case, the corresponding electrical energy conversion rate should be 97% or higher.

[0064] Specifically, in this embodiment, the inductance of the primary winding of the transformer is set to 10 μH, or the inductance of the inductor is set to approximately 10 μH. The reason for this is that when the input voltage is 50 V, the amount of energy stored in the inductor and the primary side of the transformer is very low during each energy storage period. Therefore, in order for the primary winding of the transformer and the inductor to store sufficient energy during the energy storage period, and for the power supply circuit to supply sufficient power to the output terminal or connected load, it is necessary to significantly reduce the inductance of the primary winding of the transformer or the inductor. However, continuously decreasing the inductance of the primary winding of a transformer or the inductance of an inductor will significantly increase the excitation current of the transformer and drastically reduce its conversion efficiency.

[0065] In this embodiment, the range of the primary winding / secondary winding inductance ratio of the transformer used is approximately 1:5 to 1:2. Since the maximum input voltage is only 50V, if a 1:1 transformer is used, the duty cycle of the switch operation must be increased to improve the output voltage. If the required output voltage is 300V, the duty cycle must be increased to approximately 70% or more to obtain an output voltage of approximately 300V. At this point, the losses in the conduction state of the switch decrease too much, reducing the conversion efficiency of the power supply circuit. By using a step-up transformer with a primary winding / secondary winding inductance ratio in the range of 1:5 to 1:2, the duty cycle of the switch can be effectively reduced, improving the electrical energy conversion efficiency.

[0066] Due to the low input voltage, the capacitor needs to have a large capacitance to ensure that sufficient energy is stored in the transformer's primary winding during the energy storage period. If the capacitor parameter is 500nF or less, when the output voltage changes dynamically, at some power points, the energy stored in the capacitor becomes insufficient, resulting in reduced efficiency. If the capacitor is 3000nF or more, a large voltage spike occurs when the switch is turned off, requiring a switch with higher voltage resistance, which increases costs.

[0067] As an example, rather than an limitation, if the maximum input voltage is 300V, the maximum output voltage is approximately 300V, and the output power is 1000W, then, based on the above parameter design principles, the inductance of the primary winding of the transformer should be designed to be approximately 60μH to 1mH, the capacitor parameters should be approximately 100nF to 500nF, and the primary / secondary winding ratio of the transformer should be approximately 1:1. In this case, the electrical energy conversion rate of the corresponding power supply circuit unit should be 98% or higher.

[0068] In the application scenario of this embodiment, if a capacitor of less than 100nF is selected, the capacitor may not be able to supply sufficient energy to the primary winding of the transformer during the period when the switch is on and energy is being stored, potentially reducing the conversion efficiency of the power supply circuit. If a capacitor larger than 500nF is selected, the charging current tends to be large when charging the inductor of the primary winding of the transformer during the period when the switch is on and energy is being stored. At the moment the switch is turned off, a voltage spike occurs due to the primary leakage inductance of the transformer, requiring the selection of a switch with a higher voltage rating, which increases costs.

[0069] As an example, and not an limitation, if this embodiment is applicable to the field of solar power generation, with an input of 300V DC voltage, an output of approximately 300V AC voltage at its peak, an output power of 1000W for the power supply circuit unit, and a maximum input voltage and maximum output voltage ratio of approximately 1:1, then the inductance of the primary windings of the inductor and transformer should be relatively large. As inductance decreases, the electrical energy conversion efficiency decreases. In practice, by setting the inductance of the primary winding of the transformer to 60μH and the inductance of the inductor to 1mH, the electrical energy conversion efficiency of the power supply circuit can reach 97.5% or higher.

[0070] Then, one can choose to allocate the energy stored during the energy storage period to the transformer and the inductor. By increasing the inductance of the inductor and decreasing the inductance of the transformer, a higher proportion of the energy is stored on the primary side of the transformer and a lower proportion on the inductor during the period when the switch is on and energy is stored. By decreasing the inductance of the inductor and increasing the inductance of the transformer, a lower proportion of the energy is stored on the primary side of the transformer and a higher proportion on the inductor during the period when the switch is on and energy is stored.

[0071] In the application scenario of this embodiment, the capacitor parameters are approximately 100nF to 500nF. In practice, if a capacitor of less than 100nF is selected, there will be insufficient energy in the capacitor during the period when the switch is on and energy is being stored, and it will not be able to supply enough energy to the primary winding of the transformer, thus reducing the electrical energy conversion efficiency of the power supply circuit. If a capacitor of greater than 500nF is selected, there will be too much energy stored in the capacitor during the period when the switch is on and energy is being stored, so the charging current tends to be large when charging the primary winding inductor of the transformer. At the moment the switch is turned off, a voltage spike will occur due to the primary leakage inductance of the transformer, requiring the selection of a switch with a higher voltage rating, which increases costs.

[0072] In this embodiment, since the ratio of the maximum input voltage to the maximum output voltage is 1, the primary inductance / secondary inductance of the transformer used is approximately 1:1. When the primary / secondary ratio of the transformer is close, the transformer manufacturing process can reduce costs and easily control leakage inductance.

[0073] Preferably, the ratio of the maximum input voltage of the power supply circuit to the maximum output voltage is V 入力 :V 出力 If =0.5~1.5 and the output power is 1000W~2000W, then the range of the transformer's primary inductance is 30μH~1000μH, the range of the capacitor's parameters is 50nF~3μF, and the range of the transformer's primary winding / secondary winding ratio is R 一次側 :R 二次側 = 1:2 to 2:1

[0074] Specifically, in this embodiment, the range of parameters for the corresponding capacitors, primary windings of transformers, and primary / secondary winding ratios of transformers for the components of the power supply circuit unit is provided when the output power of the power supply circuit unit is 1000W to 2000W and the ratio of the calculated input voltage to the calculated output voltage is 5.0 to 8.0. Following the parameter determination principles and processes described above, once the specific maximum input voltage, maximum output voltage, and output power are determined, selecting and determining the specific parameters of the corresponding components within the range of parameters provided in this embodiment satisfies power factor tracking and dynamic adjustment of boost / buck based on the requirements of the output terminals, and the electrical energy conversion rate can reach 97% or higher, and even 98% or higher. For details of the specific parameter experimental data and measurement results, refer to Examples 19-31 in Table 1. Compared to the prior art, for the same function and electrical energy conversion rate, the power supply circuit unit of this application has significantly fewer components than circuits in the prior art, resulting in less energy loss, lower costs, and higher circuit stability.

[0075] As an example, and not an limitation, if the input voltage is a sinusoidal voltage of 220V, that is, the maximum input voltage is approximately 311V, the maximum output voltage is approximately 200V, and the output power is 2000W, then, based on the above parameter design principles, if the inductance range of the primary winding of the transformer is set to approximately 30μH to 1mH, the parameter range of the capacitor is approximately 500nF to 3000nF, and the primary winding / secondary winding ratio of the transformer is approximately 2:1, the electrical energy conversion rate of the power supply circuit can reach 97% or more. Compared to conventional technology, for the same electrical energy conversion rate, the power supply circuit unit of this application has fewer components, less energy loss, higher stability, and higher energy efficiency.

[0076] As an example, rather than an limitation, if the input voltage is a sinusoidal voltage of 380V, meaning the maximum input voltage is approximately 540V, the maximum output voltage is approximately 1000V, the ratio of the maximum input voltage to the maximum output voltage is approximately 0.5, and the output power is 1000W, then, based on the aforementioned parameter design principles, the inductance of the primary winding of the transformer should be set to approximately 150μH to 1mH, the capacitor parameters to approximately 50nF to 500nF, and the primary / secondary winding ratio of the transformer to 1:2. In this case, the corresponding electrical energy conversion rate is 98% or higher.

[0077] Specifically, in this embodiment, if the output voltage is 1000V, the output voltage is too high, and if a 1:1 transformer is used, the output voltage is induced on the primary side of the transformer, superimposed with the capacitor voltage, and the voltage that the switch must withstand becomes too high, causing the switch to be damaged. When a 1:2 transformer is used, during the switch-off period, a 1000V output voltage is induced on the primary side, reducing the primary voltage to only 500V. After superimposing with the capacitor voltage, the voltage that must be withstood during the switch-off period is significantly reduced, widening the range of selectable switches and drastically reducing costs. Therefore, the primary / secondary winding ratio of the transformer needs to be 1:2, which significantly reduces the duty cycle of the switch operation and improves the electrical energy conversion efficiency of the power supply circuit unit. Furthermore, by converting the 1000V output voltage to the primary side using a transformer with a 1:2 primary-to-secondary ratio, the voltage that the switch transistor must withstand during its off-period can be significantly reduced, broadening the range of selectable switch transistors and drastically reducing costs.

[0078] Preferably, the ratio of the maximum input voltage of the power supply circuit to the maximum output voltage is V 入力 :V 出力 If = 5.0~8.0 and the output power is 1000W~2000W, then the range of the transformer's primary inductance is 50μH~250μH, the range of the capacitor's parameters is 200nF~800nF, and the range of the transformer's primary winding / secondary winding ratio is R 一次側 :R 二次側 The ratio is approximately 2:1 to 5:1.

[0079] Specifically, in this embodiment, the parameter ranges for the corresponding capacitors, primary windings of transformers, and primary / secondary winding ratios of transformers are provided for the components of the power supply circuit unit when the output power of the power supply circuit unit is 1000W to 2000W and the ratio of the calculated input voltage to the calculated output voltage is 5.0 to 8.0. When the specific maximum input voltage, maximum output voltage, and output power are determined according to the above parameter determination principles and processes, by selecting and determining the specific parameters of the corresponding components within the range of corresponding component parameters provided in this embodiment, power factor tracking and dynamic adjustment of boost / buck based on the requirements of the output terminals can be achieved, and the electrical energy conversion rate can reach 97% or higher, and even 98% or higher. For details of the specific parameter experimental data and measurement results, refer to Examples 19 to 31 in Table 1. Compared to the prior art, when the function is the same and the electrical energy conversion rate is the same, the power supply circuit unit of this application has significantly fewer components than the circuit in the prior art, resulting in less energy loss, lower costs, and higher circuit stability.

[0080] As an example, rather than an limitation, if the input voltage is a sinusoidal voltage of 220V, meaning the maximum input voltage is approximately 311V, the maximum output voltage is approximately 40V, and the output power is 1000W, then, based on the above parameter design principles, the inductance of the primary winding of the transformer should be set to approximately 150μH to 250μH, the capacitor parameter to approximately 200nF to 500nF, and the primary / secondary winding ratio of the transformer to be approximately 5:1. In this case, the corresponding electrical energy conversion rate is 96% or higher. Specifically, in this embodiment, the output voltage is only 40V, and in the output half-wave rectifier module, a switch device may be used instead of a diode. At low voltages, the output current is large, so it is necessary to select a switch component with low internal resistance; for example, the fifth switch K5 shown in Figure 9 is an example. When selecting a switch component instead of a diode, the following points should be considered.

[0081] Firstly, during the energy storage period when the power supply circuit switch is conducting, the input voltage is converted to the secondary side by a 5:1 transformer, and the output voltage of 40V is added to it. In this case, the switch component used as a half-wave rectifier switch device instead of a diode must have a voltage rating of 311V / 5+40V, or approximately 102.2V or higher, and the voltage rating of the selected switch component must be at least above this value.

[0082] Secondly, because the output current becomes very large under low voltage conditions, it is necessary to select a switch component with low on-resistance.

[0083] By operating multiple switch devices with constant on-resistance in parallel, the overall on-resistance can be reduced, thereby effectively improving the conversion efficiency of the output half-wave rectifier, and ultimately improving the power conversion efficiency of the entire power supply circuit unit.

[0084] As an example, rather than an limitation, if the input voltage is a sinusoidal voltage of 380V, meaning the maximum input voltage is approximately 540V, the maximum output voltage is approximately 100V, the ratio of the maximum input voltage to the maximum output voltage is approximately 5:1, and the output power is 2000W, then, based on the parameter design principles described above, the inductance of the primary winding of the transformer should be set to approximately 50μH to 150μH, the capacitor parameter to approximately 400nF to 800nF, and the primary / secondary winding ratio of the transformer to approximately 2:1. In this case, the corresponding electrical energy conversion rate is 97% or higher.

[0085] This embodiment describes a case where the input voltage of the power supply circuit is high, the output voltage is low, and the output current is large. In practice, if a 1:1 transformer is used, the duty cycle of the switch is too small and the frequency is too low, which can reduce the conversion efficiency of the transformer and further reduce the overall electrical energy conversion efficiency of the power supply circuit. Using a transformer with a ratio of approximately 2:1 to 3:1 can effectively solve this problem and improve the conversion efficiency of the circuit. However, in this case, the primary leakage inductance of the 2:1 to 3:1 transformer increases, and if the primary leakage inductance is too large, a voltage spike may occur the moment the switch is turned off, potentially damaging the switch, or it may become necessary to use a switch with a higher voltage rating, which increases costs. Here, in order to reduce the primary and secondary leakage inductance of the transformer, it is recommended to use copper foil as the primary and secondary coils and manufacture the transformer by winding the primary and secondary coils in parallel.

[0086] In this embodiment, the output voltage is only 100V, and it is recommended to use a switch component instead of a diode to perform half-wave output rectification, for example, the fifth switch K5 shown in Figure 9. Furthermore, in order to reduce conduction losses, it is also conceivable to configure the switch in the power supply circuit as a switch assembly formed by connecting multiple switch devices in parallel.

[0087] Preferably, the ratio of the maximum input voltage of the power supply circuit to the maximum output voltage is V 入力 :V 出力 If =2.0~5.0 and the output power is 2000W~10000W, then the range of the transformer's primary inductance is 50μH~250μH, the range of the capacitor parameter values ​​is 200nF~800nF, and the range of the transformer's primary winding / secondary winding ratio is R 一次側 :R 二次側 = 1:1 to 2:1

[0088] Specifically, in this embodiment, the range of parameters for the corresponding capacitors, primary windings of transformers, and primary / secondary winding ratios of transformers of the power supply circuit unit is provided when the output power of the power supply circuit unit is 2000W to 10000W and the ratio of the calculated input voltage to the calculated output voltage is 2.0 to 5.0. Following the parameter determination principles and processes described above, once the specific maximum input voltage, maximum output voltage, and output power have been determined, selecting and determining the specific parameters of the corresponding components within the range of parameters provided in this embodiment satisfies power factor tracking and dynamic adjustment of boost / buck based on the requirements of the output terminals, and enabling an electrical energy conversion rate of 96% or higher, and even 98% or higher. For details of the specific parameter experimental data and measurement results, refer to Examples 49-59 in Table 1. Compared to prior art, when the functionality and electrical energy conversion rate are the same, the power supply circuit unit of this application has significantly fewer components, less energy loss, lower cost, and higher circuit stability than the circuit in the prior art.

[0089] As an example, rather than an limitation, if the input voltage is 600V to 1000V, the output voltage is 220V to 380V, and the output power is 2000W to 10000W, then, based on the above parameter design principles, the inductance of the primary winding of the transformer should be set to approximately 50μH to 250μH, the capacitor parameter to approximately 100nF to 800nF, and the primary / secondary winding ratio of the transformer to 1:1 to 2:1. In this case, the corresponding electrical energy conversion rate should be 96% or higher. If the inductance of the primary winding of the transformer is less than 50 μH, the switching frequency of the switch transistor becomes too high, making it impossible to use switch transistors such as IGBTs, and further increasing costs. If it exceeds 250 μH, the entire circuit cannot output sufficient power, or the switch must operate at a very low frequency, reducing the conversion efficiency of the transformer. Compared to the prior art, for the same power and efficiency, the power supply circuit unit of this application has far fewer components and is far less expensive than the circuit product of the prior art.

[0090] Preferably, if the input power supply of the power supply circuit unit is an AC power supply, the power supply circuit further includes an input rectifier module for supplying DC power to the inductor.

[0091] Specifically, if the input power supply is AC, the AC current of the input power supply needs to be rectified, and the rectified DC current flows to the inductor of the power supply circuit unit. In practice, the AC voltage may be 220 volts or other values, and the value of the supplied AC voltage can be changed depending on whether it is a single-phase or three-phase connection method. For example, if the three-phase power supply is 380 volts, the power supply circuit of this application needs to be rectified by an input rectifier module to meet the actual AC voltage usage environment, and the specific implementation method of the rectifier module is not limited. Any solution that can achieve rectification in the prior art or future art is included within the scope of protection of this application, as long as it can be directly applied to the power supply circuit unit of this embodiment, or does not need to be modified by the creative efforts of a person skilled in the art to be applied to the power supply circuit unit of this embodiment.

[0092] Preferably, the input rectifier module of the power supply circuit is a full-wave rectifier circuit or a half-wave rectifier circuit.

[0093] Specifically, if the input rectifier module is full-wave rectifier, a sinusoidal AC voltage is rectified into a half-wave sine wave, and the frequency of the rectified half-wave sine wave is twice the original frequency. The specific circuit for achieving full-wave / half-wave rectification is not limited. Any solution capable of achieving full-wave / half-wave rectification in the prior art or future art is included within the scope of this application, as long as it is directly applicable to full-wave / half-wave rectification of an AC input power supply by the rectifier module for the input power supply of this embodiment, or does not require modification by the creative efforts of a person skilled in the art to be applicable to this embodiment. For example, full-wave rectification can be achieved by a full-bridge circuit as shown in Figure 4, or half-wave rectification can be achieved using a diode / MOS transistor with unidirectional conduction capabilities, a switch transistor controlled to conduct in one direction, etc.

[0094] Preferably, the power supply circuit unit further includes an output half-wave rectifier module, one end of which is connected to one end of a transformer secondary winding, and the other end of which is connected to the other end of which is connected to the other end of which is connected to the other end of which is connected to the transformer secondary winding, forming the output terminals of the power supply circuit unit.

[0095] Specifically, the output half-wave rectifier module is connected to one end of the transformer's secondary winding, and this end of the secondary winding corresponds to the end of the primary winding to which a capacitor is connected. By rectifying the current output from the power supply circuit unit, it satisfies the requirements of the load connected to the power supply circuit.

[0096] Preferably, the output half-wave rectifier module of the power supply circuit unit achieves half-wave rectification using diodes.

[0097] Specifically, as shown in Figure 8, the output half-wave rectifier module provided in this embodiment is connected to one end of the secondary winding of the transformer, and its specific operating principle is as follows. After the power circuit switch is turned from the ON state to the OFF state, the inductor and the primary winding of the transformer begin to discharge, and the current change in the primary winding of the transformer is induced in the secondary winding of the transformer, and the secondary winding of the transformer acquires power through the current induced in the primary winding. At this time, the current in the secondary winding of the transformer is output to an electrolytic capacitor or load by the output half-wave rectifier module, and power is supplied or energy is stored. After the power supply circuit switch is turned from the off state to the on state, the capacitor, the primary winding of the transformer, and the switch form an equivalent LC resonant circuit. Since the capacitor does not tolerate sudden voltage changes, resonance occurs between the capacitor and the primary winding of the transformer. However, because an output half-wave rectifier module is provided on the secondary winding side of the transformer, a circuit cannot be formed. Therefore, while the primary winding of the transformer and the capacitor form a resonant circuit, no induced current is generated in the secondary winding of the transformer.

[0098] Thus, the output half-wave rectifier module only needs to be able to achieve unidirectional conduction of current in the secondary winding of the transformer. The specific circuit or component that achieves output half-wave rectification is not limited. Any circuit solution capable of achieving half-wave rectification in the prior art or future art is included within the scope of protection of this application, insofar as it can be directly applied to the unidirectional conduction of current in the secondary winding of the transformer of this embodiment, or unless it does not require modification by the creative efforts of a person skilled in the art to be applied to the unidirectional conduction of current in the secondary winding of the transformer of this embodiment, for example, a diode / MOS transistor having a unidirectional conduction function, a switch transistor controlled to conduct in one direction, etc.

[0099] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 8, in this embodiment, a third diode D3 is connected to the corresponding output terminal of the secondary winding of the transformer T, thereby achieving unidirectional output of the secondary winding of the transformer T. The diode itself has unidirectional conducting characteristics, and by achieving half-wave rectification with the diode, the control circuit is simple and the operating performance is stable.

[0100] Preferably, as shown in Figure 9, the output half-wave rectifier module of the power supply circuit unit achieves output half-wave rectification by a fifth switch K5 and a fifth controller that controls the fifth switch K5, and the fifth controller controls the on / off operation of the fifth switch K5 based on the operating mode in which the controller of the power supply circuit unit induces energy in the secondary winding of the transformer.

[0101] Specifically, in this embodiment, half-wave rectification of the secondary winding output of the transformer is achieved using the fifth switch K5, which is controlled by the fifth controller. Furthermore, the operating state of the fifth switch K5 determines whether or not the secondary winding of the transformer can form a circuit. That is, when the fifth switch K5 is off, a circuit cannot be formed, and when it is on, a circuit can be formed. Also, when the power supply circuit switch is turned on and the capacitor charges the primary winding of the transformer, causing both to resonate, the secondary winding of the transformer cannot form a circuit, and at this time, the fifth switch K5 needs to be kept in the off state. The fifth controller controls the operating state of the fifth switch K5 according to the operating state of the switches in the power supply circuit. Based on the analysis described above, when the switches in the power supply circuit are in the ON state, the fifth controller needs to control the fifth switch K5 to the OFF state.

[0102] In this embodiment, a fifth controller and a corresponding fifth switch are provided to realize half-wave rectification of the secondary winding output of the transformer. In certain scenarios, using a switch may result in lower energy loss and higher power conversion efficiency compared to using a diode. For example, and not limited to, in scenarios where the output voltage is less than 100V, half-wave rectification using a diode results in a large proportion of the forward voltage drop of the diode, reducing conversion efficiency. In such cases, half-wave rectification of the secondary output of the transformer can be achieved using a switch component. Here, a switch component with constant on-resistance can be used, and by adopting a method of connecting multiple switches in parallel, power loss in half-wave rectification can be reduced and power conversion efficiency can be improved.

[0103] Preferably, the power supply circuit switch is comprised of a bidirectional switch, a switch assembly, or a controllable switch device.

[0104] In practice, the selection of switch components is also related to the setting of the switch's operating frequency. For general silicon MOS transistors, it is recommended to limit the maximum frequency to 150K; for silicon carbide MOS transistors, it is recommended to limit the maximum frequency to 500K; for IGBT switch transistors, it is recommended to limit the maximum frequency to 40K; and for gallium nitride MOS transistors, it is recommended to limit the maximum frequency to 800K. The switch in this embodiment is a common 150V high-frequency switch on the market, for example, a high-frequency switch with part number NCEP15T14, and the operating frequency range of the corresponding switch is 50K to 200K.

[0105] Specifically, the switch in the power supply circuit is responsible for connecting and disconnecting the circuit based on the control information of the controller. Here, the specific control method by which the controller controls the switch is not limited; that is, the method or path by which the controller provides control signals to the switch is not limited, and it may be wireless or wired. Any solution that enables the transmission of control signals from a controller to a switch in the prior art or future technology is included within the scope of protection of this application, as long as it is directly applicable to the transmission of control signals from the controller to the switch controlled by it in this embodiment, or does not require modification by the creative efforts of a person skilled in the art to be applied to this embodiment.

[0106] Furthermore, this invention does not limit the specific form of the switch or controller or both the switch and the controller that enables the disconnection and connection of the power supply circuit. Any solution of a switch or controller or both the switch and the controller that enables the disconnection and connection of the circuit in the prior art or future art is included within the scope of protection of this application, insofar as it is directly applicable to the disconnection and connection functions of the power supply circuit of this embodiment, or unless it does not require modification by the creative efforts of a person skilled in the art to be applied to this embodiment.

[0107] Preferably, the leakage inductance range of the transformer in the power supply circuit is less than 1.5%.

[0108] Specifically, during the operation of the power supply circuit, when the switch is turned on, the input power supply charges the inductor. At the moment the switch is turned off, the current in the primary winding of the transformer changes significantly. At this time, the leakage inductance in the transformer generates a large voltage peak across the switch, which could potentially destroy the switch. To ensure a high electrical energy conversion rate and greater stability of the power supply circuit, it is optimal to keep the range of the transformer's leakage inductance below 1.5%.

[0109] Furthermore, this does not limit the specific structure of the transformer that is suitable for the power supply circuit of this application. Any structural solution for a transformer that can achieve a leakage inductance of less than 1.5% in the prior art or future art is included within the scope of protection of this application, as long as it is directly applicable to the function of the transformer in the power supply circuit of this embodiment, or does not require modification by the creative efforts of a person skilled in the art to be applied to this embodiment.

[0110] Preferably, the transformer in the power supply circuit has a structure of copper foil or a U-shaped metal plate and a parallel winding method. This effectively reduces the voltage spike caused by the leakage inductance of the transformer T when the switch is turned off, thereby protecting the switch. As a result, the power supply circuit of this application can operate stably even in higher power scenarios.

[0111] Specifically, the embodiment discloses the structure and winding method of a transformer in a power supply circuit. A sheet-shaped metal plate or a U-shaped metal plate may be selected as the magnetic core structure of the transformer, preferably a copper plate. The primary and secondary winding methods of the transformer are parallel windings. In this way, the leakage inductance of the transformer can be reduced and the operating requirements of the power supply circuit can be met.

[0112] As shown in Figure 5, the present application further provides a first extended power supply circuit, which, when the input power supply is an AC power supply, includes the two power supply circuit units described above, including a first power supply circuit unit and a second power supply circuit unit, as well as a first information acquisition module for acquiring voltage / current information of the input and output terminals of the first extended power supply circuit, and a first diode D1 and a second diode D2 connected to the first and second power supply circuit units, respectively, and a first control center connected to the first information acquisition module for controlling the operating state of switches in the first / second power supply circuit units.

[0113] Here, the first power supply circuit unit X1 includes a first inductor L1, a first switch K1, a first transformer T1, and a first output half-wave rectifier module, and the second power supply circuit unit X2 includes a second inductor L2, a second switch K2, a second transformer T2, and a second output half-wave rectifier module.

[0114] Specifically, in this embodiment, the first information acquisition module acquires voltage / current information of the input power supply of the first expansion power supply circuit and voltage / current information of the output terminal of the first expansion power supply circuit, transmits the acquired input and output voltage / current information to the first control center, and the first control center generates control information to control the first and second switches based on the received information, and transmits this control information to the first and second switches, thereby causing the first and second switches to execute command information such as duty cycle, frequency, and on / off state.

[0115] As shown in Figure 5, both ends of the input power supply are connected to the positive terminals of the first diode D1 and the second diode D2, respectively, and are also grounded. The negative terminal of the first diode D1 is connected to one end of the first inductor L1 of the first power supply circuit unit X1. The other end of the first inductor L1 is connected to one end of the first switch K1 and the first capacitor C1. The other end of the first capacitor C1 is connected to one end of the primary winding of the first transformer T1. The other end of the primary winding and the other end of the first switch K1 are both grounded. The negative terminal of the second diode D2 is connected to one end of the second inductor L2 of the second power supply circuit unit X2, the other end of the second inductor L2 is connected to one end of the second capacitor C2 and one end of the second switch K2, the other end of the second capacitor C2 is connected to one end of the primary winding of the second transformer T2, and the other end of the primary winding and the other end of the second switch K2 are both grounded.

[0116] Specifically, this embodiment is configured to achieve input half-wave rectification for each power supply circuit unit by connecting two diodes D1 and D2 to two power supply circuit units, respectively. Figure 5 shows the components included in the first power supply circuit unit and the second power supply circuit unit in this embodiment and their connection relationships.

[0117] The circuits formed during the operation of the power supply circuit in this embodiment are as follows: Circuit (1) [Input power supply + First inductor L1 + First capacitor C1 + First transformer T1], Circuit (2) [Input power supply + First inductor L1 + First switch K1], Circuit (3) [First capacitor C1 + First transformer T1 + First switch K1].

[0118] The specific operating process of the power supply circuit in this embodiment is as follows:

[0119] When the input power supply provides current to the positive terminal of the first diode D1, the first controller controls the switch K2 of the second power supply circuit unit X2 to the off state, allowing the first power supply circuit unit X1 to operate normally.

[0120] At this time, the operation process of the first power supply circuit unit X1 is as follows: When the first controller controls the first switch K1 to turn on, the input power supply charges the first inductor L1, and the first inductor L1 stores energy. At the moment the first switch K1 is switched off, the first inductor L1 generates a high voltage to prevent a sudden change in the current across it, and transmits power through the new circuit (1) formed after the first switch K1 is turned off. The first inductor L1 charges the first capacitor C1, and further induces power through the first transformer T1.

[0121] At this time, the sum of the input power supply voltage and the voltage across the first inductor L1 is equal to the sum of the voltage across the first capacitor C1 and the voltage across the primary winding of the first transformer T1, that is, V 入力電源 +V L =V C1 +V T1一次側 Therefore, the first transformer T1 induces power in its secondary winding, and the secondary winding supplies power to the output terminals of the power supply circuit unit via an output half-wave rectifier module, providing power to the load. When the first switch K1 is switched from the off state to the on state, the power supply circuit unit sequentially forms the following circuits and operating processes. The power supply circuit charges the first inductor L1 via circuit (2), and the first capacitor C1 charges the primary winding of the first transformer T1 via circuit (3). At this time, since an output half-wave rectifier module is provided in the circuit of the secondary winding of the first transformer T1, the first transformer T1 cannot transmit power to the secondary winding. As a result, the primary winding of the first transformer T1 and the first capacitor C1 form an equivalent LC resonant circuit, and power is retained in the circuit. At the same time, since the first switch K1 is in the on state, the input power supply via circuit (2) recharges the first inductor L1, and the first inductor L1 performs the following energy storage operation.

[0122] When half a cycle of the sine wave supplied from the input power supply is completed, the first controller controls the first switch K1 to turn off, and the input power supply supplies a reverse current of the sine wave to the second inductor L2, causing the second power supply circuit unit X2 to start normal operation. Here, the operating principle and operating process of the second power supply circuit unit X2 are exactly the same as those of the first power supply circuit unit X1 described above, so a redundant explanation is omitted here.

[0123] In this embodiment, two diodes are connected to two power supply circuit units, and under control by the first control center, one power supply circuit unit (e.g., the first) operates when the input power supply provides a current in the forward direction, and the other power supply circuit unit (e.g., the second) operates when it provides a current in the reverse direction, thereby causing the two sets of power supply circuit units to operate alternately. This configuration, compared to the previously mentioned method (see Figure 4 for specifics) of full-wave rectifying the input power supply and supplying it to the power supply circuit, can reduce the number of diodes used, further reduce energy loss, and further improve power conversion efficiency. Furthermore, in high-power scenarios, since the two power supply circuit units each have a transformer and a switch, heat dissipation from the transformer and switch becomes more uniform, effectively solving the problem of heat concentration in the transformer and switch.

[0124] The present application further provides a second extended power supply circuit applicable when the input power supply is an AC power supply, the second extended power supply circuit comprising the two power supply circuit units described above, specifically a third power supply circuit unit and a fourth power supply circuit unit, a second information acquisition module for acquiring voltage / current information of the input and output terminals of the second extended power supply circuit, and a second control center connected to the second information acquisition module for controlling the operating state of switches in the third / fourth power supply circuit units. As shown in Figure 6, the third power supply circuit unit X3 comprises a third inductor L3, a third capacitor C3, a third switch K3, and a third transformer T3, and the fourth power supply circuit unit X4 comprises a fourth inductor L4, a fourth switch K4, a fourth capacitor C4, and a fourth transformer T4.

[0125] Continuing to refer to Figure 6, both ends of the input power supply are connected to one end of the third inductor L3 and the fourth inductor L4, respectively. The other end of the fourth inductor L4 is connected to one end of the fourth capacitor C4 and one end of the fourth switch K4. The other end of the third inductor L3 is connected to one end of the third capacitor C3 and one end of the third switch K3. The other end of the third capacitor C3 is connected to the input terminal of the primary winding of the third transformer T3. The output terminal of the primary winding of the third transformer T3 is connected to the other end of the third switch K3, the other end of the fourth switch K4, and the output terminal of the primary winding of the fourth transformer T4, and is grounded. The input terminal of the primary winding of the fourth transformer T4 is connected to the other end of the fourth capacitor C4.

[0126] Specifically, this embodiment employs a configuration without a rectifier module when the input power supply of the second expansion power supply circuit is an AC power supply. As shown in Figure 6, the components included in the third power supply circuit unit X3 and the fourth power supply circuit unit X4 of this embodiment and their connection relationships are shown.

[0127] The circuits formed in the operating process of the power supply circuit of this embodiment are circuit (1) [input power supply + third inductor L3 + third capacitor C3 + third transformer T3 + fourth switch K4 + fourth inductor L4], circuit (2) [input power supply + third inductor L3 + third switch K3 + fourth switch K4 + fourth inductor L4], and circuit (3) [third capacitor C3 + third transformer T3 + third switch K3], and their specific operating processes are as follows.

[0128] When the input power supply provides current to the third power supply circuit unit X3, the second control center controls the fourth switch K4 of the fourth power supply circuit unit X4 to the ON state, causing the third power supply circuit unit X3 to operate normally, which constitutes the first stage of the power supply circuit's operation process.

[0129] At this time, the operation process of the power supply circuit in the first stage is as follows. When the second control center controls the third switch K3 of the third power supply circuit unit X3 to the ON state, the input power supply charges the third inductor L3 and the fourth inductor L4, and the third inductor L3 and the fourth inductor L4 store energy. At the moment the third switch K3 is switched to the OFF state, the third inductor L3 and the fourth inductor L4 begin to discharge, generating a high voltage to prevent abrupt changes in current across their terminals, and transmitting power through the new circuit (1) formed by turning off the third switch K3. The third inductor L3 and the fourth inductor L4 charge the third capacitor C3, and further power is induced on the secondary side by the change in the primary side current of the third transformer T3. At this time, the value obtained by adding the voltages of the third inductor L3 and the fourth inductor L4 to the input power supply voltage is equal to the sum of the voltage of the third capacitor C3 and the voltage of the primary winding of the third transformer T3, i.e., V 入力電源 +V L3 +V L4 =V C +V T3一次側 The power induced by the third transformer T3 is supplied from its secondary winding to the output terminal of the second expansion power supply circuit via the output half-wave rectifier module, thereby supplying power to the load.

[0130] When the third switch K3 is switched from the off state to the on state, the second extended power supply circuit sequentially forms the following circuit and operating process. The power supply circuit charges the third inductor L3 and the fourth inductor L4 by circuit (2), the third capacitor C3 charges the primary winding of the third transformer T3 by circuit (3), and since an output half-wave rectifier module is provided on the secondary winding of the third transformer T3, power is not transmitted to the secondary side of the third transformer T3 at this time, the primary winding of the third transformer T3 and the third capacitor C3 form a resonant circuit, the energy in the circuit is maintained, and at the same time, because the third switch K3 is in the on state, the input power supply recharges the third inductor L3 and the fourth inductor L4 by circuit (2), and energy storage for the next time takes place.

[0131] When half a cycle of the sine wave supplied from the input power supply is completed, the second control center holds the third switch K3 of the third power supply circuit unit X3 in the ON state, and the reverse current of the sine wave from the input power supply is input to the fourth inductor L4 of the fourth power supply circuit unit X4, causing the fourth power supply circuit unit X4 to start operating normally, which marks the second stage of the power supply circuit's operation process.

[0132] The operating principle and process of the power supply circuit in the second stage [the state in which the fourth power supply circuit unit X4 is operating normally] are exactly the same as the operating principle and process of the third power supply circuit unit X3 in the first stage, and therefore, redundant explanations are omitted here.

[0133] In this embodiment, the power supply circuit does not use a rectifier module when the input power supply is an AC power supply. Instead, by providing two sets of "mirror configuration" power supply circuits, the third inductor L3 and the fourth inductor L4 are simultaneously charged and discharged regardless of whether the input power supply is a forward or reverse current, which is equivalent to both inductors L3 and L4 being connected in series. Compared to a power supply circuit equipped with a rectifier module, this configuration eliminates the need for a rectifier circuit, reducing energy loss in that section, thereby further improving power conversion efficiency and resulting in superior overall circuit performance. Furthermore, in high-power scenarios, since each of the two power supply circuits is provided with a transformer and a switch, heat dissipation from the transformers and switches becomes more uniform, effectively eliminating the problem of heat concentration on the transformers and switches.

[0134] This application further provides a third extended power supply circuit for when the input power supply is AC power, the third extended power supply circuit includes a second extended power supply circuit in which one of the third or fourth power supply circuit units has an inductor omitted, and the case in which the inductor of the fourth power supply circuit unit is omitted will be explained as an example, as shown in Figure 7.

[0135] The third extended power supply circuit includes a third power supply circuit unit and a fourth power supply circuit unit which omits the inductor, and further includes a third information acquisition module which collects voltage / current information of the input and output terminals of the third extended power supply circuit, and a third control center which is connected to the third information acquisition module and controls the operating state of the switches in the third / fourth power supply circuit units.

[0136] Specifically, the third power supply circuit unit X3 includes a third inductor L3, a third capacitor C3, a third switch K3, a third transformer T3, and an output half-wave rectifier module, while the fourth power supply circuit unit X4, which omits the inductor, includes a fourth capacitor C4, a fourth switch K4, a fourth transformer T4, and an output half-wave rectifier module.

[0137] In this embodiment, the connection method for each component of the third power supply unit in the third extended power supply circuit and the fourth power supply unit with the inductor omitted is the same as the connection method for the components of the third power supply circuit and the fourth power supply circuit in the second extended power supply circuit, except that the fourth inductor L4 is omitted in the fourth power supply circuit. Here, the fourth inductor L4 can be directly removed and the ends of the original fourth inductor L4 connected with a wire.

[0138] This embodiment is a means for realizing a third extended power supply circuit that does not include a rectifier module when the input power supply is AC power, and is a means for omitting either the third inductor L3 or the fourth inductor L4, based on a configuration in which the third extended power supply circuit includes a third power supply circuit unit and a fourth power supply circuit unit.

[0139] In this embodiment, the circuit formed by the operation process of the power supply circuit is as follows: Circuit (1) [Input power supply + 3rd inductor L3 + 3rd capacitor C3 + 3rd transformer T3 + 4th switch K4], Circuit (2) [Input power supply + 3rd inductor L3 + 3rd switch K3 + 4th switch K4], Circuit (3) [3rd capacitor C3 + 3rd transformer T3 + 3rd switch K3], Circuit (4) [Input power supply + 3rd inductor L3 + 4th capacitor C4 + 4th transformer T4 + 3rd switch K3], Circuit (5) [Input power supply + 3rd inductor L3 + 3rd switch K3 + 4th switch K4], Circuit (6) [4th capacitor C4 + 4th transformer T4 + 4th switch K4].

[0140] The specific operating process of the power supply circuit in this embodiment is as follows:

[0141] When the input power supply provides current to the third power supply circuit unit X3, the third control center controls the fourth switch K4 of the fourth power supply circuit unit X4 to the ON state, causing the third power supply circuit unit X3 to operate normally, which constitutes the first stage of power supply circuit operation.

[0142] The specific operating process in the first stage of the third expansion power supply circuit is as follows: When the third control center controls the third switch K3 of the third power supply circuit unit X3 to the ON state, the input power charges the third inductor L3, and the third inductor L3 stores energy. At the moment the third switch K3 is switched OFF, the third inductor L3 begins to discharge, generating a high voltage to prevent abrupt changes in current across its terminals. This power is transmitted through the new circuit (1) formed by the OFF state of the third switch K3, and the third inductor L3 charges the third capacitor C3. Furthermore, the power is induced to the secondary winding by the primary winding of the third transformer T3. At this time, the sum of the input power supply voltage and the voltage across the third inductor L3 is equal to the sum of the voltage across the third capacitor C3 and the voltage across the primary winding of the third transformer T3, that is, V 入力電源 +V L3 =V C3 +V T3一次側 The secondary winding of the third transformer T3 outputs power to the output terminal of the power supply circuit unit via an output half-wave rectifier module, supplying power to the load.

[0143] When the third switch K3 switches from the off state to the on state, the third extended power supply circuit sequentially forms the following circuit and operating process. The power supply circuit charges the third inductor L3 by circuit (2), the third capacitor C3 charges the primary winding of the third transformer T3 by circuit (3), and since an output half-wave rectifier module is provided on the secondary winding side of the third transformer T3, the third transformer T3 cannot transmit power to the secondary winding at this point, and the primary winding of the third transformer T3 and the third capacitor C3 form an LC resonant circuit to maintain the power within the circuit. At the same time, since the third switch K3 is in the on state, the input power supply recharges the third inductor L3 by circuit (2), and the next energy storage takes place.

[0144] Once the input power supply has finished supplying a half-cycle sine wave, the third control center controls the third switch K3 of the third power supply circuit unit X3 to the ON state, and the reverse current of the sine wave from the input power supply is input to the fourth power supply circuit unit X4, which omits the inductor, and the fourth power supply circuit unit X4 operates normally. This is referred to as the second stage.

[0145] At this time, the operation process in the second stage of the power supply circuit is as follows: When the third control center controls the fourth switch K4 of the fourth power supply circuit unit, which omits the inductor, to turn on, the input power supply charges the third inductor L3, and the third inductor L3 stores energy. At the moment the fourth switch K4 is turned off, the third inductor L3 needs to discharge, and in order to prevent abrupt changes in the current across its terminals, the third inductor L3 generates a high voltage and transmits power through the new circuit (4) formed by turning off the fourth switch K4. The third inductor L3 charges the fourth capacitor C4 and the primary winding of the fourth transformer T4. At this time, the sum of the voltage of the input power supply and the voltage of the third inductor L3 is equal to the sum of the voltage of the fourth capacitor C4 and the voltage of the primary winding of the fourth transformer T4, i.e., V 入力電源 +V L3 =V C4 +V T4一次側The fourth transformer T4 induces power in its secondary winding, and the secondary winding outputs to the power supply terminal via an output half-wave rectifier module, supplying power to the load.

[0146] When the fourth switch K4 transitions from the off state to the on state, the power supply circuit unit sequentially forms the following circuits and operating processes. The power supply circuit charges the third inductor L3 via circuit (5), and further charges the primary winding of the fourth transformer T4 via the fourth capacitor C4 via circuit (6). Since an output half-wave rectifier module is provided in the secondary winding circuit of the fourth transformer T4, the fourth transformer T4 cannot transmit power to its secondary winding at this time. The primary winding of the fourth transformer T4 and the fourth capacitor C4 form an equivalent LC resonant circuit, maintaining the power within the circuit. Simultaneously, after the fourth switch K4 is turned on again, the input power supply charges the third inductor L3 via circuit (2), and the third inductor L3 stores energy for the next time.

[0147] This operation continues until the half-cycle of the sine wave supplied by the input power supply has finished, after which the power supply circuit enters the next first stage of operation.

[0148] The second extended power supply circuit of this embodiment is a further optimization or modification of the third and fourth power supply circuits described above, namely by omitting the inductor in either the third power supply circuit unit or the fourth power supply circuit unit. Regardless of whether the input power supply is a forward or reverse current, after one inductor is charged, it becomes possible to discharge to the primary winding of the third capacitor C3 + third transformer T3, or to the primary winding of the fourth capacitor C4 + fourth transformer T4, depending on the output direction of the AC current. In other words, this method eliminates the need for a rectifier module circuit, while simultaneously supplying power to two circuits with a single inductor. This reduces energy loss, lowers circuit costs, significantly improves power conversion efficiency, and results in better overall circuit performance.

[0149] Preferably, the power supply output terminal of the first power supply circuit unit and the power supply output terminal of the second power supply circuit unit are connected in series or in parallel.

[0150] Specifically, as shown in Figure 5, the power supply output terminal of the first power supply circuit unit X1 is the output terminal after the secondary winding of the transformer T1 has passed through the output half-wave rectifier module, and the power supply output terminal of the second power supply circuit unit X2 is the output terminal after the secondary winding of the transformer T2 has passed through the output half-wave rectifier module. In this embodiment, the first power supply circuit unit X1 and the second power supply circuit unit X2 operate intermittently in accordance with the waveform of the sinusoidal AC power input, and since they do not output power simultaneously, their respective output terminals can be used as individual power supply output terminals, and their output terminals can also be connected in parallel or in series. By connecting both output terminals in parallel, the output current and output power of the power supply circuit can be improved, and power output can be ensured throughout the entire process in which the input power supply provides sinusoidal AC power. On the other hand, by connecting both output terminals in series, the range of the output voltage and output power of the power supply circuit can be extended, and similarly, power output can be ensured throughout the entire process in which the input power supply provides sinusoidal AC power.

[0151] Preferably, as shown in Figures 6 and 7, the method and principle of series or parallel connection between the power supply output terminal of the third power supply circuit unit and the power supply output terminal of the fourth power supply circuit unit is the same as the series / parallel connection of the output terminals of the first and second power supply circuit units described above, so a detailed explanation is omitted here.

[0152] As shown in Figure 10, the present application further provides a method for a power supply circuit that simultaneously achieves power factor tracking and boost / buck voltage. The power supply circuit is the power supply circuit described above, as well as a first extended power supply circuit, a second extended power supply circuit, and a third extended power supply circuit, and the method includes the following:

[0153] Step S1 involves dynamically obtaining the current actual values ​​of input current, input voltage, output voltage, and output current.

[0154] Specifically, in step S1 above, it is necessary to dynamically acquire the current actual input and actual output of the power supply circuit unit, and the specific acquisition method is not limited. The data may be acquired by an acquisition unit connected to the controller, or by other means, and the acquired information may be transmitted to the controller. The frequency of dynamic acquisition can be referenced from the switching frequency of the power supply circuit unit, for example, it may be equal to the switching frequency or less than the switching frequency, and the frequency of dynamic acquisition here may be changed or adjusted according to the actual situation, and is not specifically limited. Furthermore, depending on the actual usage scenario, the voltage / current / power values ​​required by the load connected to the power supply circuit unit are obtained here.

[0155] Step S2 involves comparing the acquired current actual output power with the target output power required for the connected load.

[0156] Specifically, in step S2 above, the acquired current actual output power is compared with the target output power required for the connected load. Once the usage scenario for the connected load or power supply circuit is determined, the corresponding required target output power and target output voltage / current are relatively determined. The current actual output power is then compared with the target output power. If the current actual output power is greater than the target output power, it indicates that the actual output power is higher than the target output power and that the actual output power needs to be reduced. If the actual output power is less than the target output power, it indicates that the actual output does not meet the target output power requirement and that the actual output power needs to be increased.

[0157] Step S3 involves dynamically determining the target input current value based on a comparison between the current actual output power and the target output power. Preferably, S3 is: The system includes S31, which dynamically adjusts the peak value of the input current based on the comparison result of S2, and S32, which dynamically determines the target input current value based on the peak value of the input current adjusted in S31 and the current input phase information.

[0158] In step S31 above, the peak value of the input current [I_in_peak] is dynamically determined based on the comparison result between the actual output power and the target output power. If the actual output power is less than the target output power, the peak value of the input current is increased to improve the current actual output voltage or current, and further improve the actual output power to meet the load requirements. If the actual output power is greater than the target output power, the peak value of the input current must be reduced to lower the current actual output voltage or current, and further reduce the output power to meet the load requirements. The increase or decrease in the peak value of the input current must take into account the difference between the actual output power and the target output power. For example, if the difference between the two exceeds a predetermined value, the increase in the peak value of the input current must be increased to quickly meet the load requirements. Determining the peak value of the input current is a dynamically determined and dynamically adjusted process, and there is no limit to the method for determining the increase / decrease amount, as long as it meets the load's requirements for the target output.

[0159] In S32 above, based on the peak value of the input current [I_in_peak] and the current input phase information [current input voltage / peak value of input voltage], the target input current value [I 目標入力電流の値 = I入力電流のピーク値 The phase information is dynamically determined, and the current input phase information is the ratio of the current actual input voltage supplied from the current input power supply to the power supply circuit to the peak value of the periodically fluctuating voltage supplied from the input power supply to the power supply circuit, and the target input current value is the product of the peak value of the input current determined in step S31 and the phase information, that is, I 目標入力電流の値 = I_in_peak × V 現在の実際の入力電圧 / V 入力電圧 This is the peak value.

[0160] Step S4 involves comparing the current actual input current value with the target input current value, and dynamically determining the command information for adjusting the switch's duty cycle frequency based on the comparison result.

[0161] Preferably, step S4 includes the following: If the current actual input current is less than the target input current, increase the switch duty cycle or decrease the switching frequency. If the current actual input current is greater than the target input current, decrease the switch duty cycle or increase the switching frequency.

[0162] Specifically, if the current actual input current is less than the target input current, the controller generates command information to control the switch to reduce the frequency and increase the duty cycle, and further controls the charging and discharging time of the inductor to increase the input current, thereby satisfying the power factor tracking requirement and controlling the output by bringing the current actual input current closer to the target input current. Otherwise, if the current actual input current is greater than the target input current, the controller generates instruction information to control the switch to increase the frequency and decrease the duty cycle, thereby controlling the operating state of the switch, and further controlling the charging and discharging time of the inductor, thereby reducing the input current, satisfying the power factor tracking requirement, and controlling the output by bringing the current actual input current closer to the target input current.

[0163] Specifically, the degree of decrease or increase in the switch duty cycle and the magnitude of the increase or decrease in switching frequency must be determined based on the difference between the current actual input current value and the target input current value, without limiting the specific implementation method and process. Those skilled in the art can try setting these parameters according to their actual scenarios.

[0164] Step S5 involves executing the command information via a switch in the power supply circuit unit, dynamically adjusting the charging and discharging time of the inductor, and bringing the current actual input current value of the power supply circuit unit closer to the target input current value, thereby enabling the power supply circuit unit to simultaneously perform power factor tracking and dynamic adjustment of boost / buck voltage in response to output requests.

[0165] Preferably, step S5 includes the following:

[0166] The switch executes command information to increase the duty cycle or decrease the frequency, thereby extending the charging time of the inductor, increasing the current output power of the power supply circuit, further increasing the input power, and increasing the current actual input current value to approach the target input current value.

[0167] The switch executes instructions to reduce the duty cycle or increase the frequency, thereby shortening the inductor charging time, reducing the current output power of the power supply circuit, further reducing the input power, and lowering the current actual input current value to approach the target input current value.

[0168] In step S5 above, the switches of the power supply circuit unit dynamically execute command information to control the charging and discharging time of the inductor in the power supply circuit so that the current actual input current value of the power supply circuit unit is as close as possible to the target input current value. Specifically, the switches of the power supply circuit unit dynamically execute commands transmitted by the controller to adjust the current duty cycle or frequency so that the current actual input current value of the power supply circuit unit is as close as possible to the target input current value. This controls the charging and discharging time and frequency of the inductor in the power supply circuit unit. Furthermore, since the target input current value includes the phase information of the current input voltage, when adjusting the current actual input current value, the phase information of the input power supply is taken into consideration, ensuring that the current actual input current value always approaches the target input current value and fluctuates around it. As a result, the power supply circuit unit has the capability of PFC (power factor tracking), achieving power factor tracking and output power control, i.e., dynamic adjustment of boost and buck based on output requirements.

[0169] In this embodiment, when the period corresponding to the switching frequency is several orders of magnitude higher than the frequency of the periodically fluctuating input power supply, the above control method allows the inductor in the power supply circuit unit to operate in coordination with the dynamic frequency adjustment of the switch, enabling good power factor tracking and dynamic boost / buck adjustment in response to load requirements, even in AC power and high power scenarios exceeding 200W. The power supply circuit of this application has a very wide range of application scenarios, fewer components, significantly reduced energy loss compared to conventional technology, and offers high energy-saving effects. For example, taking a charging module product with a full load efficiency of 95.5% and an output of 30kW as an example, the energy loss per hour in conventional technology is (1-95.5%) × 30kW × 1h = 1.35kWh, whereas the power supply circuit of this application can improve the power conversion efficiency of products of 30kW or more to 97% or more. If the power supply circuit of this application is set to a full load efficiency of 97%, the power consumption per hour under the same output conditions is approximately 3% * 30kW * 1h = 0.9kWh, saving 0.45kWh of power per hour compared to conventional technology. If it operates for 3000 hours per year, the power supply circuit product can save 1350kWh of power per year. Thus, this application has a significant energy-saving effect compared to conventional technology.

[0170] The technical features of the embodiments described above can be combined in any way, and for the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above will be explained. However, as long as there is no contradiction in these combinations of technical features, they should all fall within the scope described herein.

[0171] The embodiments described above illustrate only a few embodiments of this application, and while their descriptions are specific and detailed, this should not be understood as limiting the scope of the claims of the present invention. Furthermore, those skilled in the art can make several modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and all of these fall within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this patent application should be based on the attached claims. TIFF2026521149000002.tif244161TIFF2026521149000003.tif244161

Claims

1. A power supply circuit, wherein the power supply circuit includes an information acquisition module, a power supply circuit unit and a controller, and the power supply circuit unit includes an inductor, a switch, a capacitor and a transformer. One end of the input power supply that supplies power to the power supply circuit unit is connected to one end of the inductor, the other end of the inductor is connected to one end of the capacitor and one end of the switch, the other end of the capacitor is connected to one end of the primary winding of the transformer, the other end of the switch and the other end of the primary winding of the transformer are connected to the other end of the input power supply and grounded, and the two output terminals of the secondary winding of the transformer are the output terminals of the power supply circuit unit. The information collection module is used to collect information on the input and / or output terminals of the power supply circuit unit. The controller is connected to the information acquisition module and the switch, and generates command information for controlling the duty cycle and frequency of the switch based on the information acquired by the information acquisition module and the output request of the load to the power supply circuit, and controls the switch to execute the command information.

2. The maximum value V of the input voltage of the power supply circuit 入力 and the maximum output voltage V 出力 The ratio to V 入力 : V 出力 = 0.2 to 8.0, and when the output power exceeds 200W, the parameter range of the capacitor is 30nF to 3μF, the inductance range of the primary winding of the transformer is 10μH to 1000μH, and the ratio range of the primary winding / secondary winding of the transformer is R 一次側 : R 二次側 The power supply circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio is 1:5 to 5:

1.

3. The ratio of the maximum value of the input voltage to the maximum value of the output voltage of the power supply circuit is V 入力 : V 出力 = 0.2 to 1.0, and when the output power is 200 W to 1000 W, the inductance range of the primary winding of the transformer is 10 μH to 1000 μH, the parameter range of the capacitor is 100 nF to 3 μF, and the ratio range of the primary winding / secondary winding of the transformer is R 一次側 : R 二次側 = 1:5 to 1:1, The power supply circuit according to claim 2, characterized by this.

4. The ratio of the maximum input voltage to the maximum output voltage of the power supply circuit is V 入力 : V 出力 When R = 5.0 to 8.0 and the output power is 1000W to 2000W, the inductance range of the primary winding of the transformer is 50μH to 250μH, the parameter range of the capacitor is 200nF to 800nF, and the range of the primary winding / secondary winding ratio of the transformer is R 一次側 : R 二次側 The power supply circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that the ratio is 2:1 to 5:

1.

5. The ratio of the maximum input voltage to the maximum output voltage of the power supply circuit is V 入力 : V 出力 When R = 0.5 to 1.5 and the output power is 1000W to 2000W, the inductance range of the primary winding of the transformer is 30μH to 1000μH, the parameter range of the capacitor is 50nF to 3μF, and the range of the primary winding / secondary winding ratio of the transformer is R 一次側 : R 二次側 The power supply circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that the ratio is 1:2 to 2:

1.

6. The ratio of the maximum input voltage to the maximum output voltage of the power supply circuit is V 入力 : V 出力 When R = 2.0 to 5.0 and the output power is 2000W to 10000W, the inductance range of the primary winding of the transformer is 50μH to 250μH, the parameter range of the capacitor is 200nF to 800nF, and the range of the primary winding / secondary winding ratio of the transformer is R 一次側 : R 二次側 The power supply circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that the ratio is 1:1 to 2:

1.

7. The power supply circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the power supply circuit unit further includes an output half-wave rectifier module, one end of the output half-wave rectifier module is connected to one end of the secondary winding of the transformer, and the other end of the output half-wave rectifier module and the other end of the secondary winding of the transformer are output terminals of the power supply circuit unit.

8. The power supply circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein, when the input power supply of the power supply circuit unit is an AC power supply, the power supply circuit further includes an input rectifier module for supplying DC power to the inductor.

9. The power supply circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the output half-wave rectifier module of the power supply circuit unit performs half-wave rectification using a diode.

10. The power supply circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the output half-wave rectifier module of the power supply circuit unit is half-wave rectified by a fifth switch and a fifth controller that controls the fifth switch.

11. The power supply circuit according to claim 9, characterized in that the fifth controller controls the switching mode of the fifth switch based on the operating mode in which the power supply circuit controller controls the switch to generate power in the secondary winding of the transformer by electromagnetic induction.

12. The power supply circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 6 and 11, characterized in that the switch in the power supply circuit unit is implemented by a bidirectional switch, a switch assembly, or a controllable switch device.

13. The power supply circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 6 and 11, characterized in that the range of the leakage inductance of the transformer in the power supply circuit unit is less than 1.5%.

14. The power supply circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 6 and 11, characterized in that the structure of the transformer in the power supply circuit unit is copper foil or a U-shaped metal piece, and the winding method is parallel winding.

15. The power supply circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 6 and 11, characterized in that the inductor of the power supply circuit cooperates with the control of the operating state of the switch by the controller to enable the power supply circuit to simultaneously perform power factor tracking and dynamic adjustment of boost / buck voltage in response to output requests.

16. A first extended power supply circuit, wherein the input power supply is an AC power supply, includes two power supply circuit units as described in any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the first extended power supply circuit includes a first power supply circuit unit and a second power supply circuit unit, a first information acquisition module for collecting voltage / current information of the input terminals and output terminals of the first extended power supply circuit, a first diode and a second diode connected to the first power supply circuit unit and the second power supply circuit unit, respectively, and a first control center connected to the first information acquisition module for controlling the operating state of switches in the first / second power supply circuit units.

17. When the input power supply provides current to the first power supply circuit unit via the first diode, the first control center controls the switch of the second power supply circuit unit to the off state, allowing the first power supply circuit unit to operate normally. The first extended power supply circuit according to claim 16, characterized in that when the input power supply provides current to the second power supply circuit unit via the second diode, the first control center controls the switch of the first power supply circuit unit to the off state, and the second power supply circuit unit operates normally.

18. The first extended power supply circuit according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that the power supply output terminal of the first power supply circuit unit and the power supply output terminal of the second power supply circuit unit are connected in series or in parallel.

19. A second extended power supply circuit, wherein the input power supply is an AC power supply, includes two power supply circuit units according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the two power supply circuit units are a third power supply circuit unit and a fourth power supply circuit unit, and the second extended power supply circuit includes a second information acquisition module for acquiring voltage / current information of the input terminals and output terminals of the second extended power supply circuit, and a second control center connected to the second information acquisition module for controlling the operating state of switches in the third / fourth power supply circuit units.

20. The second extended power supply circuit according to claim 19, characterized in that the power supply output terminal of the third power supply circuit unit and the power supply output terminal of the fourth power supply circuit unit are connected in series or in parallel.

21. When the input power supply provides current to the third power supply circuit unit, the second control center controls the switch of the fourth power supply circuit unit to be turned ON, and the third power supply circuit unit operates normally. The second extended power supply circuit according to any one of claims 19 or 20, characterized in that when the input power supply provides current to the fourth power supply circuit unit, the second control center controls the switch of the third power supply circuit unit to be turned on, and the fourth power supply circuit unit operates normally.

22. A third extended power supply circuit, wherein, when the input power supply is an AC power supply, the third extended power supply circuit includes a configuration in which an inductor is omitted from either the third power supply circuit unit or the fourth power supply circuit unit in the second extended power supply circuit according to any one of claims 19 to 21.

23. A method for a power supply circuit to simultaneously perform power factor tracking and boost / buck voltage, The power supply circuit is the power supply circuit described in any one of claims 1 to 15, or the first extended power supply circuit described in any one of claims 16 to 18, or the second extended power supply circuit described in any one of claims 19 to 21, or the third extended power supply circuit described in claim 22. Step S1 dynamically acquires the current actual values ​​of input current, input voltage, output voltage, and output current. Step S2 involves comparing the acquired current actual output power with the target output power required for the connected load, Step S3 dynamically adjusts the peak value of the input current based on the comparison result between the current actual output power and the target output power. Step S4 involves comparing the current actual input current value with the target input current value, and dynamically determining the duty cycle frequency adjustment command information for the switch based on the comparison result. Step S5 involves the power supply circuit's switch executing the command information and dynamically controlling the charging and discharging time of the inductor in the power supply circuit so that the current actual input current value of the power supply circuit becomes as close as possible to the target input current value. A method characterized by including

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