Solar power generation module

Abstract

This reduces the rate of damage when bending and sealing the battery components of curved solar power generation modules. [Solution] The solar power generation module comprises a translucent panel (1), a back plate (2) installed on one side of the translucent panel (1), a solar cell layer (3) installed between the translucent panel (1) and the back plate (2), and a support plate (4) installed between the translucent panel (3) and the back plate (2). The translucent panel (1), the back plate (2), the solar cell layer (3), and the support plate (4) all have a curved structure, and their shapes are arranged relative to each other.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application claims priority based on a patent (application number: 202410661847.8) filed in China on May 24, 2024, and incorporates the entire disclosure of the previous application herein for reference.

[0002] The present invention belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic cells, and particularly relates to solar power generation modules.

Background Art

[0003] A solar power generation module generally includes a light-transmitting panel, a back plate, and a solar cell layer disposed between the light-transmitting panel and the back plate. For a curved solar power generation module, it is necessary to bend and encapsulate the battery chips to form a curved surface structure. Moreover, when the battery chips are bent and sealed, their breakage rate is very high, usually reaching more than 50%. This makes the defect rate of the batteries in the curved solar power generation module too high, thereby increasing the manufacturing cost of the solar power generation module.

[0004] Therefore, how to reduce the breakage rate when bending and sealing the battery chips of a curved solar power generation module has become an urgent problem to be solved currently.

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0005] This application aims to solve one of the technical problems in the existing technical means.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, an embodiment of the first aspect of this application presents a solar power generation module.

[0007] A photovoltaic power generation module according to the first embodiment of the present invention comprises a light-transmitting panel, a back plate, a solar cell layer, and a support plate. The back plate is installed on one side of the light-transmitting panel. The solar cell layer is installed between the light-transmitting panel and the back plate. The support plate is installed between the solar cell layer and the back plate. The light-transmitting panel, the back plate, the solar cell layer, and the support plate are all curved in shape, and their respective shapes are arranged relative to each other.

[0008] The photovoltaic power generation module according to the technical means of the present invention comprises a light-transmitting panel, a back plate, and a solar cell layer. The light-transmitting panel allows light to pass through, and when light rays pass through the light-transmitting panel and reach the cell elements of the solar cell layer, electrical energy can be generated by the photoelectric effect. The back plate is used to protect the solar cell layer, for example, by providing waterproof and dustproof protection to the solar cell layer. In addition, the photovoltaic power generation module has a curved structure, such as a tile-like structure. For a curved photovoltaic power generation module, the light-transmitting panel is usually pre-processed into the required curved structure, and the back plate and solar cell layer are usually processed into a straight plate structure. During assembly, the back plate and solar cell layer are first combined into a straight plate cell module, then the straight plate cell module is bent into the required curved module, and finally the curved module and light-transmitting panel are combined to form the final photovoltaic power generation module. If a support plate is installed between the solar cell layer and the back plate, when assembling the photovoltaic power generation module, the back plate, support plate, and solar cell layer can be bent as a single assembly to form the required curved cell module. However, during the bending deformation process, the presence of the support plate allows the forces applied to the solar cell layer through the support plate and back plate to be distributed, thereby avoiding stress concentration on the solar cell layer. In other words, when external forces act on the back plate and support plate, a multilayer structure or thicker material better distributes these forces and allows them to act uniformly on the solar cell layer, preventing the forces from concentrating at a single point and damaging the solar cell layer. In this design, the back plate and support plate absorb and distribute partial energy, significantly reducing the impact force and pressure transmitted to the solar cell layer itself, thereby clearly lowering the failure rate of the battery components during packaging. Generally speaking, when a support plate is installed, the failure rate of battery components drops from 50% to about 10%.

[0009] In one possible design, the support plate is provided with holes for connecting wires, the photovoltaic module further comprises a set of connecting wires, the set of connecting wires is positioned between the support plate and the back plate, the set of connecting wires has at least one connecting wire, the connecting wire passes through the holes for connecting wires and electrically connects to the solar cell layer.

[0010] In this technical means, the connecting wire is positioned between the support plate and the back plate and may be connected to a battery piece, thereby supplying power to the battery piece or transmitting signals. The above connecting wire may be a power line or a signal line. In addition, to facilitate the connection of the connecting wire to the battery piece, it is possible to provide a connecting wire pass-through hole in the support plate, thereby allowing the connecting wire between the support plate and the back plate to connect to the battery piece through the connecting wire pass-through hole. By installing the connecting wire between the support plate and the back plate, the photovoltaic module can prevent the connecting wire from protruding on both sides of the solar cell layer, compared to conventional technical means in which the connecting wire is installed in the solar cell layer. This may increase the width of the photovoltaic module and reduce the area of ​​the non-power-generating zone at the edge of the photovoltaic module. Thus, when using multiple photovoltaic modules in combination, it may be possible to reduce the number of photovoltaic modules in the same space, thereby decreasing the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module (power generation per unit area). When the connecting wire is installed between the support plate and the back plate, the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module can reach 22% or more. Without wiring via a support plate, the power generation efficiency of a solar power module is typically around 16%.

[0011] In one possible design, the photovoltaic module further includes a set of connecting wires, which are installed on the solar cell layer and connected to the battery pieces. Installing the connecting wires on the solar cell layer results in many connecting wires stacked on both sides of the solar cell layer, which is detrimental to power generation efficiency, but it can reduce the thickness of the photovoltaic module. Therefore, this arrangement is possible if power generation efficiency is not a concern.

[0012] In one possible design, the thickness of the support plate is 0.1 mm or more and 0.3 mm or less.

[0013] The thickness of the support plate determines both the protective strength of the support plate against the solar cell layer and the difficulty of bending the entire solar power module. Therefore, if the support plate is not too thick, the difficulty of bending and encapsulating the battery pieces increases, making the operation difficult. If the support plate is not too thin, it cannot effectively support the solar cell layer. Considering all factors, setting the support plate thickness to 0.1 to 0.3 mm provides an appropriate balance between the difficulty of bending and the support effect on the solar cell layer.

[0014] In one possible design, the support plate is a PET plate or an EPE plate.

[0015] In this design, the support plates are made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), a PET composite, or EPE (Expandable Polyethylene, also known as pearl cotton). This is because support plates made from these materials are lightweight while maintaining their support effect.

[0016] In one possible design, the thickness of the back panel is 0.1 mm or more and 0.3 mm or less.

[0017] While the thickness of the backing plate may be set according to actual demand, considering the requirements for strength and bending and sealing, the thickness of the backing plate may be set in the range of 0.1 to 0.3 mm.

[0018] While it is possible to install a thicker backing plate to enhance protection for the solar cell layer, a thicker backing plate is disadvantageous for subsequent bending and sealing. Based on this, this application considers adding an additional support plate to reduce the rate of damage to the battery components.

[0019] In one possible design, the backing plate has a substrate, a fire-resistant coating applied to one side of the substrate away from the light-transmitting panel, and / or an adhesive coating applied to one side of the substrate closer to the light-transmitting panel.

[0020] In this design, the back plate is arranged in a three-layer structure, specifically consisting of a substrate, a fire-resistant coating located on the outside of the substrate (i.e., the side away from the support plate), and an adhesive coating located on the inside of the substrate (i.e., the side closer to the support plate). The fire-resistant coating is used to enhance the fire resistance of the back plate. The material of the adhesive coating is generally similar to the material of the adhesive between the support plate and the back plate, thereby strengthening the bond between the adhesive and the back plate and ensuring a more secure connection between the support plate and the back plate.

[0021] In one possible design, the solar cell layer further comprises crystalline silicon cell pieces, the crystalline silicon cell pieces being at least one of PERC cell pieces, TOPCON cell pieces, XBC cell pieces, MWT cell pieces, and HJT cell pieces.

[0022] In this design, the solar cell layer has multiple crystalline silicon cell pieces, which are interconnected. The crystalline silicon cell pieces can be selected according to demand and may be set to one of the following: PERC (Passivated Emitter and Rear Cell), TOPCON (Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact solar cell), and HJT (Crystal Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cell), or to one of the following: XBC, MWT (Metal Wrap Through), and a cell in which there is no metal gate wire in the stacked portion and the positive and negative metal electrodes are drawn out from the back.

[0023] An all-back electrode contact crystalline silicon solar cell layer (IBC) is a type of solar cell layer, and the XBC battery is a new type of high-efficiency battery derived from the IBC battery structure, and is a completely new battery mainly formed by stacking IBC battery structures.

[0024] In one possible design, the light-transmitting panel includes a toughened glass light-transmitting panel. A light-transmitting panel made of toughened glass has higher strength and excellent light transmittance, and can appropriately meet the requirements of the light-transmitting panel of the solar power generation module for strength and light transmittance, thereby preventing deformation of the solar power generation module and ensuring the electrical energy conversion rate and light collection effect of the solar power generation module.

[0025] When toughening the light-transmitting panel, it is possible to perform full toughening to form a fully toughened light-transmitting panel, or perform semi-toughening to form a semi-toughened light-transmitting panel.

[0026] In one possible design, the light-transmitting panel, the back plate, the support plate and the solar cell layer are all in a multi-stage curved surface structure. The solar power generation module has at least one wave peak and wave valley. Then, the solar power generation module with a multi-stage curved surface has better light collection characteristics.

[0027] In one possible design, the solar power generation module further includes a first adhesive layer installed between the light-transmitting panel and the solar cell layer and used to adhere the light-transmitting panel and the solar cell layer, a second adhesive layer installed between the back plate and the support plate and used to adhere the back plate and the support plate, and a third adhesive layer installed between the solar cell layer and the support plate and used to adhere the solar cell layer and the support plate.

[0028] In this design, the solar power generation module further includes a first adhesive layer, a second adhesive layer and a third adhesive layer. The first adhesive layer is installed between the light-transmitting panel and the solar cell layer and used to accomplish the adhesion between the light-transmitting panel and the solar cell layer. The second adhesive layer is installed between one side of the solar cell layer facing the support plate and the support plate and used to accomplish the adhesion between the solar cell layer and the support plate. The third adhesive layer is installed between the support plate and the back plate and used to accomplish the adhesion between the support plate and the back plate. By accomplishing the connection between each layer structure of the solar power generation module through multiple adhesive layers, it is possible to improve the reliability of the connection between both sides of the light-transmitting panel, the solar cell layer, the support plate and the back plate.

[0029] In some possible designs, the first adhesive layer, the second adhesive layer, and the third adhesive layer are each made of any one of EVA, POE, and PVB.

[0030] In this design, the adhesive layer is made of any one of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (Ethylene Vinyl Acetate, EVA), polyethylene (Polyethylene, POE), and polyvinyl butyral (Polyvinyl Butyral, PVB). With this arrangement, not only does the adhesive layer have a light-transmitting effect, but it is also possible to achieve reliable adhesion. In addition, the above materials can further ensure the shielding effect of the adhesive layer against ultraviolet rays.

[0031] For example, the thickness of the first adhesive layer, the second adhesive layer, and the third adhesive layer is 0.3 mm - 0.8 mm.

[0032] In some possible designs, the backplane has a flexible board, and an uneven structure is provided on the surface of the flexible board away from the solar cell layer.

[0033] In this design, it is possible to set the shape of the backplane according to actual needs. For example, it is possible to make the backplane a rigid board or a flexible board. In addition, in order to ensure the strength of the flexible board, an uneven structure can be provided on one side of the flexible board away from the support board. The uneven structure serves to increase the surface area and play roles in heat reflection, anti-slip, and wear resistance.

[0034] For example, the uneven structure can be a dot grid structure, a linear structure, a mesh grid structure, a pyramid structure, or any other arbitrary rough surface structure. These uneven structures may be in shapes such as quadrilateral, hexagonal, mesh-shaped, straight groove, wavy line, spiral, etc. These shapes may be parallel or intersecting, and the size ranges from dozens of micrometers to several millimeters. These shape structures are used to strengthen the material structure, control the propagation of light rays, and enhance the heat dissipation efficiency. The specially designed shapes may also be used for waterproof and anti-fouling.

[0035] For example, flexible panels are made of aluminum foil. The aluminum foil provides waterproofing, heat insulation, reflection, and strength support functions, and its excellent ductility makes it easy to form and maintain curved shapes during the bending process, thereby improving the bending performance of crystalline silicon battery pieces and solving the problem of battery piece breakage. The thickness of the aluminum foil is generally 0.1 to 0.3 mm. Because aluminum foil itself has excellent fire resistance, photovoltaic modules using it as a backing film may meet Class A fire resistance standards. Since aluminum foil has high reflectivity, it can reduce the amount of solar heat radiation entering a room, thereby reducing the building's energy consumption. Aluminum foil also provides a barrier against water vapor, protecting solar cells from water vapor erosion and extending the lifespan of the photovoltaic module. Furthermore, by replacing existing backing plates coated with fluorine with aluminum foil, the entire product becomes more environmentally friendly.

[0036] The support plate is an insulating plate, and if the back plate is made of aluminum foil, the support plate further functions as an insulating layer between the aluminum foil and the solar cell layer.

[0037] In some possible designs, the support plate and back plate are integrated and molded as a single unit; in other words, the support plate and back plate form a single assembly, and their materials may be the same or different. In addition, thickening the back plate provides support for the battery pieces, thereby reducing the rate of breakage when the battery pieces are bent and sealed inside. [Effects of the Invention]

[0038] Additional aspects and advantages of the present application are partially given in the following description, some of which may become apparent through the following description or through the implementation of the present application. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0039] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become clearer and easier to understand together with the description of the embodiments in conjunction with the following drawings.

[0040] [Figure 1] Figure 1 is the first of the schematic structural diagrams of the embodiment of the present application, showing the photovoltaic power generation module without its enclosure. [Figure 2] Figure 2 is a second schematic diagram of the structure of the embodiment of the present invention, without the solar power generation module being enclosed. [Figure 3] Figure 3 is the third schematic diagram of the structure of the embodiment of the present invention, without the solar power generation module being enclosed. [Figure 4] Figure 4 is the fourth schematic diagram of the structure of the embodiment of the present invention, without the solar power generation module being enclosed. [Figure 5] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the hard plate in the embodiment of the present application. [Figure 6] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a photovoltaic power generation module according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0041] Embodiments of the present application are described in detail below, and examples of such embodiments are shown in the drawings, where the same or similar reference numerals always indicate the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and are used only to interpret the present application and should not be construed as limitations thereon. All other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present application without any creative work are included in the scope of the present application.

[0042] We describe the photovoltaic power generation module 100 in its implemented state in combination with Figure 1-6.

[0043] As shown in Figure 1-6, the photovoltaic power generation module 100 according to the first embodiment of the present invention comprises a light-transmitting panel 1, a back plate 2, a solar cell layer 3, and a support plate 4. The back plate 2 is installed on one side of the light-transmitting panel 1. The solar cell layer 3 is installed between the light-transmitting panel 1 and the back plate 2. The support plate 4 is installed between the solar cell layer 3 and the back plate 2. As shown in Figure 6, the photovoltaic power generation module 100 has a curved structure. In other words, the light-transmitting panel 1, the back plate 2, the solar cell layer 3, and the support plate 4 all have a curved structure, and the shapes of the light-transmitting panel 1, the back plate 2, the solar cell layer 3, and the support plate 4 are arranged relative to each other.

[0044] The photovoltaic power generation module 100 according to the technical means of the present invention comprises a light-transmitting panel 1, a back plate 2, and a solar cell layer 3. The light-transmitting panel 1 allows light to pass through, and when light rays pass through the light-transmitting panel 1 and reach the battery pieces of the solar cell layer 3, electrical energy can be generated by the photoelectric effect. The back plate 2 is used to protect the solar cell layer 3, for example, by providing waterproof and dustproof protection to the solar cell layer 3. In addition, the photovoltaic power generation module 100 has a curved structure such as a tile-like structure. For a curved photovoltaic power generation module 100, the light-transmitting panel 1 is usually pre-processed into the required curved structure, and the back plate 2 and solar cell layer 3 are usually processed into a straight plate structure. During assembly, the back plate 2 and solar cell layer 3 are first combined into a straight plate battery module, then the straight plate battery module is bent into the required curved module, and finally the curved module and the light-transmitting panel 1 are combined to form a photovoltaic power generation module 100 as shown in Figure 6. By installing a support plate 4 between the solar cell layer 3 and the back plate 2, when assembling the solar cell module 100, the back plate 2, support plate 4, and solar cell layer 3 can be bent as a single assembly to form the required curved battery module. However, during the bending deformation process, the presence of the support plate 4 allows the forces applied to the solar cell layer 3 through the support plate 4 and the back plate 2 to be distributed, thereby avoiding stress concentration on the solar cell layer 3. In other words, when external forces act on the back plate 2 and the support plate 4, a multilayer structure or thicker material better distributes these forces and allows them to act uniformly on the solar cell layer 3, preventing these forces from concentrating at one point and damaging the solar cell layer 3. In this design, the back plate 2 and the support plate 4 absorb and distribute partial energy, significantly reducing the impact force and pressure transmitted to the solar cell layer 3 itself, thereby clearly lowering the rate of battery damage in the solar cell module 100 during packaging. Generally speaking, installing support plate 4 reduces the battery fragment damage rate from 50% to approximately 10%.

[0045] In one possible design, as shown in Figure 3, the photovoltaic module 100 further comprises a connection wire set 8. The support plate 4 is provided with a connection wire pass-through hole. The connection wire set 8 is positioned between the support plate 4 and the back plate 2, and the connection wire set 8 has at least one connection wire, which passes through the connection wire pass-through hole and electrically connects to the solar cell layer 3. In this embodiment, the connection wire is positioned between the support plate 4 and the back plate 2 and may connect to a battery piece, thereby supplying power to the battery piece or transmitting signals. The above connection wire may be a power line or a signal line. In addition, to facilitate the connection of the connection wire to the battery piece, it is possible to provide a connection wire pass-through hole in the support plate 4, thereby allowing the connection wire between the support plate 4 and the back plate 2 to connect to the battery piece through the connection wire pass-through hole. In this embodiment, by installing the connecting wires between the support plate 4 and the back plate 2, the solar power generation module 100 can prevent the connecting wires from protruding from both sides of the solar cell layer 3, compared to the conventional method of installing the connecting wires in the solar cell layer 3. This can potentially increase the width of the solar power generation module 100 and reduce the area of ​​the non-power-generating zone at the edges of the solar power generation module 100. When using multiple solar power generation modules 100 in combination in this way, it may be possible to reduce the number of solar power generation modules 100 in the same space, thereby lowering the power generation efficiency of the solar power generation module 100 (power generation per unit area). In this embodiment, by installing the connecting wires between the support plate 4 and the back plate 2, the width of the solar power generation module 100 does not increase, making it possible to set a larger number of solar power generation modules 100 in the same space, and the power generation efficiency of the solar power generation module 100 reaches 22% or more. In comparison, without wiring via the support plate 4, the power generation efficiency of a solar power generation module is usually about 16%.

[0046] As can be seen in Figure 3, the connecting wire assembly 8 is not stacked on both sides of the solar cell layer 3. Before assembly, the connecting wire assembly 8 is located below the solar cell layer 3, and during assembly, the connecting wire assembly 8 is installed between the support plate 4 and the back plate 2.

[0047] In one possible design, as shown in Figure 2, the photovoltaic module 100 further includes a set of connecting wires 8, which are installed in the solar cell layer 3 and connected to the battery pieces. Installing the connecting wires 8 in the solar cell layer 3 results in many connecting wires being stacked on both sides of the solar cell layer 3. This arrangement is detrimental to the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module 100, but it may reduce the thickness of the photovoltaic module 100. Therefore, this arrangement is possible if power generation efficiency is not a consideration.

[0048] In one possible design, the thickness of the support plate 4 is 0.1 mm or more and 0.3 mm or less.

[0049] The thickness of the support plate 4 determines the protective strength of the support plate 4 against the solar cell layer 3 and the difficulty of bending the entire photovoltaic module. Therefore, if the support plate 4 is not too thick, the difficulty of bending and encapsulating the battery pieces increases, making the operation difficult. If the support plate 4 is not too thin, it cannot effectively support the solar cell layer 3. Considering all factors, setting the thickness of the support plate 4 to 0.1 to 0.3 mm makes it easy to bend the photovoltaic module and also provides excellent support for the solar cell layer 3.

[0050] In one possible design, the support plate 4 is a PET plate or an EPE plate.

[0051] In this design, the support plate 4 is made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), a PET composite, or EPE (Expandable Polyethylene, also known as pearl cotton). This is because the support plate 4 made from these materials is lightweight and maintains an excellent support effect on the solar cell layer 3.

[0052] In one possible design, the thickness of back panel 2 is 0.1 mm or more and 0.3 mm or less.

[0053] While the thickness of backing plate 2 may be set according to actual demand, considering the requirements for strength and bending and sealing, the thickness of backing plate 2 may be set in the range of 0.1 to 0.3 mm.

[0054] While it is possible to install the back plate 2 thicker to enhance protection for the solar cell layer 3, doing so would be disadvantageous when bending and enclosing the subsequent photovoltaic modules. Based on this, the present invention adopts the technical means of adding a support plate 4 to reduce the rate of damage to the battery components during the process of bending and enclosing the photovoltaic modules.

[0055] In one possible design, as shown in Figure 5, the back panel 2 has a rigid plate 22, i.e., a non-flexible plate. For example, the rigid plate 22 has a substrate 222 and a fire-resistant coating 224, with the fire-resistant coating 224 installed on one side of the substrate 222 away from the light-transmitting panel 1. For example, the rigid plate 22 has a substrate 222 and an adhesive coating 226, with the adhesive coating 226 installed on one side of the substrate 222 closer to the light-transmitting panel 1.

[0056] In another possible design, the rigid plate 22 has a substrate 222, a fire-resistant coating 224, and an adhesive coating 226, with the fire-resistant coating 224 installed on one side of the substrate 222 away from the light-transmitting panel 1, and the adhesive coating 226 installed on the other side of the substrate 222 closer to the light-transmitting panel 1. In this design, the back plate 2 is a non-flexible plate and is arranged in a three-layer structure, specifically consisting of a substrate 222, a fire-resistant coating 224 located on the outside of the substrate 222 (i.e., one side away from the support plate 4), and an adhesive coating 226 located on the inside of the substrate 222 (i.e., one side closer to the support plate 4). The fire-resistant coating 224 is used to enhance the fire resistance of the back plate 2. The material of the adhesive coating 226 is similar to the material of the adhesive between the support plate 4 and the back plate 2, thereby making the adhesion between the adhesive and the back plate 2 stronger and allowing the support plate 4 to connect to the back plate 2 more securely.

[0057] Furthermore, the thickness of the substrate 222 matches the thickness of the support plate 4, and the material of the substrate 222 matches the material of the support plate 4.

[0058] For example, substrate 222 is a PET substrate.

[0059] For example, the adhesive coating layer 226 is either a fluorine coating layer or an EVA coating layer.

[0060] For example, the fire-resistant coating 224 is a PVDF (polyvinylidene difluoride) coating and / or a PVF (Poly(vinyl formal)) coating.

[0061] In one possible design, the solar cell layer 3 further comprises crystalline silicon cell pieces, each of which is at least one of PERC cell pieces, TOPCON cell pieces, XBC cell pieces, MWT cell pieces, and HJT cell pieces.

[0062] In this design, the solar cell layer 3 has multiple crystalline silicon cell pieces, which are connected to each other. The crystalline silicon cell pieces can be selected according to demand and may be set to one of the following: PERC (Passivated Emitter and Rear Cell), TOPCON (Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact solar cell), and HJT (Crystal Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cell), or to one of the following: XBC, MWT (Metal Wrap Through), and a cell in which there is no metal gate wire in the stacked portion and the positive and negative metal electrodes are drawn out from the back.

[0063] An all-back electrode contact crystalline silicon solar cell layer (IBC) is a type of solar cell layer, and the XBC battery is a new type of high-efficiency battery derived from the IBC battery structure, and is a completely new battery mainly formed by stacking IBC battery structures.

[0064] In one possible design, the translucent panel 1 includes a translucent panel made of tempered glass. The translucent panel 1 made of tempered glass has higher strength and also superior light transmission, and can adequately meet the strength and light transmission requirements of the translucent panel 1 of the photovoltaic module 100, thereby preventing deformation of the photovoltaic module 100 and ensuring the electrical energy conversion rate and light-daylighting effect of the photovoltaic module 100.

[0065] When strengthening the translucent panel 1, it is possible to perform full strengthening to form a fully strengthened translucent panel, or to perform partial strengthening to form a partially strengthened translucent panel.

[0066] In one possible design, the translucent panel 1, back plate 2, support plate 4, and solar cell layer 3 are all made into a multi-stage curved structure. In other words, the photovoltaic module 100 has at least one wave crest and wave trough. The multi-stage curved photovoltaic module 100 has better light-gathering characteristics.

[0067] In one possible design, as shown in Figure 1-4, the photovoltaic module 100 further comprises a first adhesive layer 5, a second adhesive layer 6, and a third adhesive layer 7. The first adhesive layer 5 is installed between the light-transmitting panel 1 and the solar cell layer 3 and is used to bond the light-transmitting panel 1 and the solar cell layer 3. The second adhesive layer 6 is installed between the back plate 2 and the support plate 4 and is used to bond the back plate 2 and the support plate 4. The third adhesive layer 7 is installed between the solar cell layer 3 and the support plate 4 and is used to bond the solar cell layer 3 and the support plate 4.

[0068] In this design, the photovoltaic module 100 further comprises a first adhesive layer 5, a second adhesive layer 6, and a third adhesive layer 7. The first adhesive layer 5 is installed between the translucent panel 1 and the solar cell layer 3 and is used to achieve adhesion between the translucent panel 1 and the solar cell layer 3. The second adhesive layer 6 is installed between one side of the solar cell layer 3 facing the support plate 4 and the support plate 4 and is used to achieve adhesion between the solar cell layer 3 and the support plate 4. The third adhesive layer 7 is installed between the support plate 4 and the back plate 2 and is used to achieve adhesion between the support plate 4 and the back plate 2. By achieving connections between the various layer structures of the photovoltaic module 100 through multiple adhesive layers, it is possible to improve the reliability of the connections between each of the translucent panel 1, the solar cell layer 3, the support plate 4, and the back plate 2.

[0069] In several possible designs, the first adhesive layer 5, the second adhesive layer 6, and the third adhesive layer 7 are all made of one of EVA, POE, or PVB.

[0070] In this design, the adhesive layer consists of one of the following materials: ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), polyethylene (POE), or polyvinyl butyral (PVB). This arrangement allows the adhesive layer to not only have a light-transmitting effect but also achieve reliable adhesion. In addition, these materials can further ensure the adhesive layer's shielding effect against ultraviolet light.

[0071] For example, the thicknesses of the first adhesive layer 5, the second adhesive layer 6, and the third adhesive layer 7 are 0.3 mm - 0.8 mm.

[0072] In several possible designs, as shown in Figure 4, the back plate 2 has a flexible plate 24, and a textured structure 242 is provided on the surface of the flexible plate 24 away from the solar cell layer 3.

[0073] This design allows the shape of the back plate 2 to be adjusted according to actual needs. For example, the back plate 2 can be made of a rigid plate 22 or a flexible plate 24. In addition, to ensure the strength of the flexible plate 24, a grooved structure 242 can be provided on one side of the flexible plate 24 that is away from the support plate 4. The grooved structure 242 increases the surface area and serves to enhance heat reflection, anti-slip properties, and wear resistance.

[0074] For example, the uneven surface 242 may be a dot grid structure, a linear structure, a mesh grid structure, a pyramidal structure, or any other arbitrary rough surface structure. These uneven surfaces may be shaped like squares, hexagons, meshes, straight grooves, corrugated lines, or spirals, and these shapes may be parallel or intersecting, ranging in size from tens of micrometers to several millimeters. These shaped structures are used to reinforce material structures, control the propagation of light rays, and improve heat dissipation efficiency. Specially designed shapes may also be used for waterproofing and stain resistance.

[0075] For example, the flexible plate is made of aluminum foil. The aluminum foil provides waterproofing, heat insulation, reflection, and strength support functions, and its excellent ductility makes it easy to form and maintain a curved shape during the bending process, thereby improving the bending performance of silicon cell pieces and solving the problem of cell piece breakage. The thickness of the aluminum foil is generally 0.1 to 0.3 mm. Because aluminum foil itself has excellent fire resistance, a solar power generation module 100 using it as a backing film may meet Class A fire resistance standards. Because aluminum foil has a high reflectivity, it can reduce the amount of solar heat radiation entering the room, thereby reducing the energy consumption of the building. Aluminum foil also provides a barrier function against water vapor, protecting the solar cells from water vapor erosion and extending the lifespan of the solar power generation module. Furthermore, by replacing the existing backing plate 2 coated with a fluorine coating with aluminum foil, the entire solar power generation module 100 becomes more environmentally friendly.

[0076] The support plate 4 is an insulating plate, and when the back plate 2 is made of aluminum foil, the support plate 4 further functions as an insulating layer between the aluminum foil and the solar cell layer 3.

[0077] In several possible designs, the support plate 4 and the back plate 2 are integrated and integrally molded, in other words, the support plate 4 and the back plate 2 form a single assembly, and both materials may be the same or different. In addition, thickening the back plate 2 provides support for the battery piece, thereby reducing the rate of breakage when the battery piece is bent and sealed inside.

[0078] Next, the solar power generation module 100 of this application will be further explained using a curved solar power generation product as an example.

[0079] Curved solar power products, due to their unique design and flexibility, are widely used in a variety of locations, including roof tiles, car roofs, and irregularly shaped buildings.

[0080] Curved solar power generation products have the potential to be directly integrated into building structures as roofing materials, forming solar power tiles. This integrated design not only enhances aesthetics but also allows for efficient use of roof space for power generation, potentially reducing the demand for conventional roofing materials.

[0081] Curved solar panels can also be applied to car roofs to provide additional power. Such applications not only improve energy efficiency but can also charge electric or hybrid vehicles, increasing their range. The curved design maximizes solar power efficiency by allowing for flexible customization according to the shape of the car roof. For uniquely shaped or irregularly shaped buildings, curved solar panels offer an ideal solution. They can be custom-made according to the specific shape and design requirements of the building, seamlessly integrated onto the building's surface, combining aesthetics and practicality. These custom-made curved solar panels not only enhance the energy efficiency of the building but also elevate its modern and technologically advanced appearance.

[0082] The biggest challenge in applying crystalline silicon battery pieces to curved photovoltaic products is the risk of battery piece breakage. While conventional mounting and application are possible by keeping crystalline silicon battery pieces flat during the manufacturing process, curved photovoltaic products require the battery pieces to adapt to the curved structure, thus necessitating a certain degree of flexibility. Ensuring that the battery piece's flexibility matches the product's curvature without compromising the battery piece's performance and structural integrity is a technical challenge. Packaging and protection of curved photovoltaic products must consider the product's curved characteristics. The encapsulation material must be adaptable to the curved shape and provide sufficient protection to shield the battery pieces from processing forces and environmental factors (e.g., water, dust, UV radiation). The manufacturing process for curved photovoltaic products must be specially designed to prevent damage to the battery pieces during production. This design includes stress control during bending, temperature control during the encapsulation process, and overall structural stability.

[0083] Building regulations typically specify the safety performance of building materials and may include fire safety standards. Adhering to these regulations ensures not only legality but also the safety and reliability of the building. Furthermore, using fire-resistant building materials is a crucial means of protecting people's lives and property. Fire-resistant materials can effectively slow the spread of fire, gaining valuable time for evacuation and firefighting, thereby reducing casualties and property losses due to fire. Using building materials that comply with fire safety standards provides a higher level of security to buildings, reduces fire risk, and ensures the safety of people's lives and property.

[0084] Because roofing materials absorb and conduct solar radiation, indoor temperatures rise, affecting comfort in living and working spaces, increasing energy consumption for air conditioning and other systems, and reducing the output of solar power generation. Roof insulation is a crucial element in energy conservation in buildings, and is important in improving comfort in living and working spaces, saving energy, and reducing building operating costs. Roof insulation not only relates to the energy efficiency and environmental protection of buildings, but also directly impacts user comfort and economic costs.

[0085] Considering the above aspects, this embodiment proposes a composite curved solar power generation product formed by sequentially stacking multilayer materials, which has a curved solar power generation tile structure.

[0086] As shown in Figure 1, the first surface of the curved power-generating tile is made of translucent glass, which has a curved shape. Light rays pass through the translucent glass to reach the battery pieces, generating electrical energy through the photoelectric effect. The second surface of the product is a back plate 2 with fire-resistant properties. A solar cell layer 3, consisting of battery pieces, is installed between the back plate 2 and the translucent glass. A support plate 4 is further installed between the solar cell layer 3 and the back plate 2. When the solar cell layer 3 is bent, the support plate 4, together with the back plate 2, protects the battery pieces of the solar cell layer 3 and prevents damage to the battery pieces.

[0087] Translucent glass is a rigid curved glass. All other layers of material in the curved solar panel are generally flat before assembly, but all are flexible. During assembly, all other layers of material in the curved solar panel can be bent and attached to conform to the shape of the rigid glass.

[0088] The battery components are crystalline silicon battery components, and include battery components incorporating PERC, TOPCON, XBC, MWT, and HJT technologies.

[0089] The back plate 2, translucent glass, support plate 4, and solar cell layer 3 are connected with adhesive, and the photovoltaic module 100 is constructed using a vacuum lamination method. The main role of these adhesive films is to protect the battery components and extend the service life of the photovoltaic module 100. Typical materials include EVA films (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer adhesive films), POE films (polyolefin elastomer adhesive films), EPE films (co-extruded POE adhesive films), and other types of films such as PVB films.

[0090] The support plate 4 serves to support and protect the battery pieces, and the intermediate layer formed between the support plate 4 and the back plate 2 is used to arrange the circuit, which reduces the area occupied by the circuit in the solar cell layer 3, thereby reducing the area of ​​the non-power-generating zone at the edge of the solar power generation module 100 and increasing the amount of power generated per unit area (i.e., the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar power generation module). The thickness of the support plate 4 is 0.13 to 0.3 mm, and the materials used are PET, EPE, etc.

[0091] In one specific embodiment, as shown in Figure 1-3, the back plate 2 is formed by bending a flexible glass material, and a fire-resistant coating 224 is distributed on the surface of the back plate 2, serving the roles of fire protection, water vapor barrier, and strength support, combining waterproofing, fire resistance, and strength support. The thickness of the back plate 2 is generally 0.1 to 0.3 mm, and the back plate 2 is composed of at least three layers. The main component of the intermediate layer is PET material, and the encapsulation side is an adhesive coating 226, which is generally a fluorine coating or EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer adhesive film). A fire-resistant coating 224, such as a PVDF / PVF coating with excellent weather resistance and flame retardancy, is applied to the outer surface.

[0092] In another specific embodiment, as shown in Figure 4, the backing plate 2 is reflective aluminum foil, which is formed by bending a flexible glass material, and the surface of the aluminum foil is provided with an uneven structure 242, which combines waterproofing, heat insulation, reflection, and strength support. In this case, the support plate 4 has the function of supporting and protecting the battery, and also acts as an insulating layer between the aluminum foil and the battery piece. The support plate 4 does not require a fluorine coating, is more environmentally friendly, is thinner and lighter than the existing outermost backing plate 2 for solar cells, with a thickness of 0.1 to 0.3 mm, and is made of materials such as PET or EPE.

[0093] Based on the embodiment of this invention, a two-layer material consisting of a support plate 4 and a back plate 2 is installed on the back of the battery piece to provide support and protection, thereby solving the problem of damage to the crystalline silicon battery piece during bending and sealing. The damage rate with a structure in which only the back plate 2 is installed is more than 50%, but after adding the support plate 4, the damage rate drops to approximately 10%.

[0094] When it is necessary to enclose a solar power generation module, the assembly consisting of the back plate 2, support plate 4, and solar cell layer 3 is bent into the same curved shape as the light-transmitting panel 1. However, during the bending deformation process, the presence of the support plate 4 allows the forces applied to the solar cell layer 3 through the support plate 4 and the back plate 2 to be distributed, thereby avoiding stress concentration on the solar cell layer 3. In other words, when external forces act on the back plate 2 and support plate 4, a multilayer structure or thicker material allows these forces to be better distributed and act uniformly on the solar cell layer 3, preventing these forces from concentrating at a single point and damaging the solar cell. By absorbing and dispersing partial energy, the back plate 2 and support plate 4 can significantly reduce the impact force and pressure transmitted to the solar cell itself, thereby clearly lowering the rate of damage to the battery components during packaging.

[0095] In addition, it is possible to thicken the back surface of the solar cell layer 3 through the support plate 4. Therefore, when assembling and using the solar power generation module 100, the solar cell layer 3 is protected through the back plate 2 and the support plate 4, preventing damage to the solar cell layer 3 due to external forces, thereby extending the battery life. In terms of vibration protection, thicker or multi-layered materials provide more buffer space, absorbing energy generated during drops or collisions.

[0096] The gap between the support plate 4 and the back plate 2 is used to arrange and route the conductors (see Figure 2). Instead of arranging the conductors in the solar cell layer (see Figure 2), the area of ​​the non-power-generating zone at the edge of the photovoltaic module is reduced, which can potentially increase the power generation efficiency (power generation per unit area) of the curved solar panel to over 22%. When wiring is done without the support plate 4, the power generation efficiency of the curved solar panel is generally about 16%.

[0097] As an option, back panel 2 may comply with Class A fire safety standards for building materials.

[0098] An embodiment according to the present invention further proposes a roof (not shown) comprising the photovoltaic module 100 described in any of the above embodiments. Since the roof according to the present invention comprises the photovoltaic module 100 described in any of the above embodiments, it has all the beneficial effects of the photovoltaic module 100.

[0099] An embodiment according to the present invention further proposes a building (not shown) comprising a solar power generation module 100 as described in any of the above embodiments, or a roof as described in any of the above embodiments.

[0100] Since the building according to this application is equipped with a photovoltaic module 100 as described in any of the above embodiments, or a roof as described in any of the above embodiments, it has all the beneficial effects of either the photovoltaic module 100 or the roof.

[0101] In this specification, descriptions such as “one embodiment,” “several embodiments,” “exemplary embodiments,” “examples,” “specific examples,” and “several examples” mean that the specific features, structures, materials, or properties described in the embodiment or example are grouped together in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, the exemplary descriptions using the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. In addition, the specific features, structures, materials, or properties described may be combined in an appropriate manner in any one or more embodiments or representative examples.

[0102] Notwithstanding the descriptions and representations of embodiments of the present application, those skilled in the art will understand that various modifications, alterations, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present application, and that the scope of the present application is limited by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. Translucent panel, A back plate is installed on one side of the light-transmitting panel, A solar cell layer is installed between the light-transmitting panel and the back plate, The solar cell layer and the back plate are provided with a support plate installed between them. The light-transmitting panel, the back plate, the solar cell layer, and the support plate are all curved in shape, and the light-transmitting panel, the back plate, the solar cell layer, and the support plate are arranged in relation to each other in their respective shapes. A solar power generation module characterized by the following features.

2. Further equipped with a set of connecting wires, A connecting wire pass-through hole is provided in the support plate, the connecting wire assembly is arranged between the support plate and the back plate, the connecting wire assembly has at least one connecting wire, and the connecting wire passes through the connecting wire pass-through hole and is electrically connected to the solar cell layer. The solar power generation module according to feature 1.

3. The photovoltaic power generation module according to claim 1, characterized in that the thickness of the support plate is 0.1 mm or more and 0.3 mm or less.

4. The photovoltaic power generation module according to claim 1, characterized in that the support plate is a PET plate or an EPE plate.

5. The photovoltaic power generation module according to claim 1, characterized in that the thickness of the back plate is 0.1 mm or more and 0.3 mm or less.

6. The back plate is a substrate, a fire-resistant coating applied to one side of the substrate away from the light-transmitting panel, and / or The substrate has an adhesive coating layer installed on one side that approaches the light-transmitting panel, A solar power generation module according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

7. The back plate has a flexible plate, and an uneven structure is provided on the surface of the flexible plate that is away from the solar cell layer. A solar power generation module according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

8. The photovoltaic power generation module according to claim 7, characterized in that the flexible plate includes aluminum foil.

9. The solar cell layer further comprises crystalline silicon battery pieces, wherein the crystalline silicon battery piece is at least one of PERC battery pieces, TOPCON battery pieces, XBC battery pieces, MWT battery pieces, and HJT battery pieces, and / or The light-transmitting panel includes a light-transmitting panel made of tempered glass. A solar power generation module according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

10. A first adhesive layer is installed between the light-transmitting panel and the solar cell layer and used to bond the light-transmitting panel and the solar cell layer, A second adhesive layer is installed between the back plate and the support plate and used to bond the back plate and the support plate together. The system further comprises a third adhesive layer, which is installed between the solar cell layer and the support plate and used to bond the solar cell layer and the support plate together. A solar power generation module according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

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