Vegetable breeding methods

Abstract

There was no technology to crossbreed mint, an herb of the Lamiaceae family, with edible herbs, which was difficult to do with conventional technology. Furthermore, there was no method to intentionally cause mutations to create new varieties of vegetables while utilizing the growing conditions of the herbs and vegetables, and to breed them with flavor. [Solution] A vegetable breeding method in which mint, an herb of the Lamiaceae family, and an edible herb vegetable are planted in soil to impart the aroma of the mint to the herb vegetable, the mint and the herb vegetable are planted at a specified distance from each other and pressed for a specified period of time, causing the herb vegetable to mutate into a new variety. After that, the soil is dried at a specified temperature, and the aerobic properties of the mint are imparted to the herb vegetable when fertilizer is spread.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] By utilizing the principles of the herb breeding method invented by the applicant and clarifying the conditions, this method allows vegetables such as cabbage and kale to intentionally absorb aromatic components, something that was not possible before. [Background technology]

[0002] Until now, breeding methods between herbs have been developed. (See Patent Document 1.)

[0003] However, herbs and vegetables are clearly different species and did not interbreed, so there is no breeding method.

[0004] Natural hybridization between herbs and vegetables has not been observed in nature. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] Patent No. 7385070 [Non-patent literature]

[0006] [Non-Patent Document 1] "Discovery of underground information exchange in plants: Communication between plant strains connected by underground stems" Niigata University (https: / / www.niigata-u.ac.jp / news / 2022 / 100246 / ) Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0007] Previously, there were few ways to crossbreed herbs to intentionally create new varieties. Although this was possible with genome editing technology, it was very expensive and took a long time to crossbreed.

[0008] The solution to this problem is Patent Document 1, the patent of the applicant of the present application. I would like to refer to Non-Patent Document 1 as evidence.

[0009] Even with Patent Document 1, it has become possible for herbs to be combined with each other. However, it has been impossible for herbs and other different types of plants.

Means for Solving the Problem

[0010] According to the invention of claim 1, a method for breeding vegetables in which mint, which is a herb of the Lamiaceae family, and herb vegetables, which are edible herbs, are planted in soil, and the aroma of the mint is imparted to the herb vegetables, wherein the planting distance D1 between the mint and the herb vegetables is 300 cm ≤ D1 ≤ 400 cm, a pressing step of placing a weight on the soil of the mint and applying a pressure of 0.5 Pascal ≤ P ≤ 10 Pascal-kilo for a period of 20 days or more and 30 days or less, a stress application step of depriving of nutrients and moisture while being released from the pressing and not withering for 24 hours or more and 72 hours, and a drying step of naturally drying the soil under the condition that the temperature T1 is 0°C < T1 ≤ 10°C are carried out, and when performing a fertilization step of spraying fertilizer after the drying step, the aroma of the mint is imparted to the herb vegetables by applying fertilizer when the alley has dried out and become parched. A method for breeding plants, characterized by this.

[0011] According to the invention of claim 2, the herb vegetables bred by the breeding method of claim 1 and another vegetable are planted in soil at a planting distance D2 of 280 cm ≤ D2 ≤ 380 cm, and the plants are bred by applying fertilizer when the alley has dried out and become parched under the condition that the temperature T1 is 0°C < T1 ≤ 10°C. The method for breeding plants according to claim 1, characterized by this.

[0012] According to the invention of claim 3, the mint of the herb has both the characteristics of both the spearmint strain and the peppermint strain, or is only the spearmint strain. The method for breeding plants according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized by this.

Effect of the Invention

[0013] Natural light is also possible, but a simpler method is to use artificial light at a level between 30 and 75 lux, which is the light intensity for human life, and when the parent seedlings of the vegetables to be crossbred are still young, leave them for 60 to 90 minutes to check for signs of nutritional depletion, and when the vegetable seedlings become starved and lose vitality, begin to lose moisture and become noticeably less fresh, give them moisture and a fragrant aroma oil with a molecular weight of about 200. This allows the vegetable seedlings to absorb moisture and aromatic components at the same time in order to survive, and gives them a fragrance.

[0014] In terms of aroma compatibility, vegetable plants with strong aromas are best, and mint goes well with sweet-smelling, spicy varieties.

[0015] It is also possible to cross-breed mint seedlings with vegetable seedlings by placing them between 5 and 15 cm apart. By adding aromatic oils with molecular weights of about 200 and adjusting the amount of light, it is possible to give the plant more fragrance. Otherwise, at distances of 5 cm or less, either no hybridization occurred or hybridization took longer than expected by more than two months. At distances of 15 cm or more, no change occurred. Similarly, at distances of 300 cm or less in D1, either no hybridization occurred or hybridization took longer than expected by more than two months. At distances of 400 cm or more, no change occurred. For distances of 280 cm or less in D2, either no hybridization occurred or hybridization took longer than expected by more than two months, and there was no change at distances of 380 cm or more. From this, it can be seen that hybridization may take longer than expected at short distances, but hybridization does not occur at distances greater than the specified distance.

[0016] As the stress application step 1, the temperature is 0°C < T1 ≤ 10°C, and the first condition is that this state continues for 20 days or more and 30 days or less. When this condition is met, when the seedlings of vegetables, which are signs of starvation, lack vitality, lose moisture, and their freshness significantly decreases, moisture and aroma components with a molecular weight of about 200 are given. As a result, in order for the vegetable seedlings to survive, they absorb moisture and aroma components simultaneously, and the aroma can be imparted to the vegetable seedlings. When this occurs, the aroma changes and a new variety is formed.

[0017] And as the distance between the mint and the vegetable stock, it is necessary to keep a distance of 300 cm ≤ D1 ≤ 400 cm, and during that time, it should be completely weed-free. The reason is to purely change the aroma. If there are other plants, their aroma components will also transfer.

[0018] By applying a weed-free state and life-sustaining stress, the control of the aroma becomes possible. This can be done before the breeding is completed or in the state where the breeding is completed. Put soil or the like with a pressure of 0.5 to 10 kilopascals in a container on the parent seedlings of mint. Then, compress the roots themselves visible above the ground part of the parent herb. As a result, the parent mint feels stress and obtains nutrients from the parent seedlings of the vegetables at a distance of 300 cm ≤ D1 ≤ 400 cm. Instead, the parent mint provides aroma components to the parent seedlings of the vegetables. Observe the situation for 20 days or more and 30 days or less in this state. During this period, the water should be normal, and the soil should be kept in a moist state without becoming completely dry.

[0019] By compressing mint such as holy mint, the aroma is enhanced. And when the compression continues for a long period of 20 days or more and 30 days or more, the life-sustaining stress reaches its maximum, and it absorbs and cross-breeds with fruit vegetables such as wild strawberry strains of strawberries nearby or next to it, where the fruit is a strawberry but the leaves are herbs. The pressure on the soil where the mint is growing blocks out sunlight. This causes the stems to turn white and start to smell stronger. The soil temperature also drops due to morning dew and there is no temperature rise due to sunlight, so it remains at around 5 to 10 degrees Celsius. Under these conditions, the mint will survive and will absorb and cross-breed with other varieties and fruit-like vegetables. Using this principle, it is possible to breed mint in 20 to 30 days by planting compatible fruit-like vegetables in a weed-free environment. The condition should be constantly monitored.

[0020] It is about pressure. The pressure applied varies depending on the variety. For fruit vegetables, the pressure starts at 0.5 kilopascals. The pressure is applied to the soil around the main body above ground. This causes the stress reaction, which changes the aroma, taste, and nutrients.

[0021] Regarding leafy vegetables, honey mint is pressed when breeding honey kale. When pressing mint, the pressure is set at 10 kilopascals, and the above-ground part where the underground stem extends is pressed, just like fruit vegetables. This transfers the honey scent to the curly kale, turning it into honey kale.

[0022] For vegetables and herbs to crossbreed, a certain distance is necessary and it is also important to apply stress. Crossbreeding is easier at low temperatures, from 3°C. No crossbreeding occurred in spring or summer. In the case of vegetables, crossbreeding requires a lot of vitality, and nutrients quickly run out, making the vegetable itself prone to becoming very small.

[0023] Therefore, it was necessary to give the plant fertilizer containing phosphorus and thin out the leaves to allow the whole plant to have good sunlight. By doing this, the taste and the size of the bulbs were improved.

[0024] When crossbreeding vegetables and herb vegetables, maintaining a constant distance alone would take time, so communication between the vegetables and herb vegetables was necessary. Having other plants as intermediaries would make the process smoother, both to impart fragrance and to speed up the crossbreeding. Through experiments and consideration, it became clear that although Japanese daffodils met the distance requirements, they were not able to act as an intermediary for communication due to their toxicity and lack of compatibility. The best plants to act as intermediaries were perennial plants that were fragrant and had strong vitality.

[0025] It was mint, a type of herb. The fact that mint communicates with horsetail and mugwort is described in detail in the herb breeding method patented by the earlier applicant. It is clear that mint communicates with other herbs such as horsetail and mugwort, including mints that are nearby, and exchanges nutrients and aromatic compounds. This means that the new varieties born from the earlier applicant's patented herb breeding method have more diverse communication abilities than existing varieties.

[0026] A new variety, honey mint, was born from the applicant's patented herb breeding method. Using this as a parent herb seedling, crossbreeding was confirmed with curly kale, an herb vegetable, at a distance of 300 cm ≦ D1 ≦ 400 cm. Unlike the condition of the applicant's patented herb breeding method, which requires a distance of 15 cm to 25 cm between herbs, the distance between mint and herb vegetables was longer.

[0027] When honey mint and curly kale were 300 cm ≦ D1 ≦ 400 cm apart, the hybridization was completed within 7 to 14 days by applying only 4 to 8 drops of liquid fertilizer twice a week, and the curly kale became a new variety and honey kale. The temperature was 0℃ ≦ T1 ≦ 10℃. The only water was natural rain and morning dew. And the honey mint survived as the original variety.

[0028] There were also changes and hybridization in this honey kale. Multiple plants of rocket, a herbaceous vegetable, and cabbage, a vegetable, were planted at a distance of 280 cm ≤ D2 ≤ 380 cm from the honey kale. There was no liquid fertilizer. Water was only natural rain and morning dew. The temperature was 0°C < T1 ≤ 10°C. Hybridization was confirmed in early March 2024. To describe from the conclusion, rocket and cabbage hybridized with the honey kale. It was the same period. It was confirmed when the honey kale was in bloom. At that time, there were no flowers on the rocket and cabbage, and there were no bees or locusts that could pollinate due to the late winter. Therefore, hybridization by pollen is impossible. Carefully planted mint, curly kale, and cabbage seedlings in pots and bred them under the same conditions.

[0029] A new variety of honey kale and cabbage is called honey curl. Because of the smell of honey, the unique bitterness of kale is eliminated, and it feels slightly sweet. Conversely, the characteristics of cabbage were not imparted to honey mint.

[0030] Regarding the choice of fragrance, although honey mint was used this time, if the conditions are the same, changing the mint will result in different fragrances imparted to kale and curl. For example, if it is fruit-flavored mint, kale and curl with fruit flavors will be born. As described above, the imparting of fragrance is also flexible.

[0031] Regarding the hybridization of honey kale and cabbage, not only was the hybridization distance different from that of herbs, but it was also different from the hybridization distance between honey mint and curly kale. The distance was also as long as 280 cm ≤ D2 ≤ 380 cm, and it was important that there were herbs along that line. Regarding mint and herbs, it was found that the communication between the patented herb breeding method of the applicant of this application and shepherd's purse also occurs among mint, herbaceous vegetables, and vegetables. First, honey mint and curly kale measured their communication, and mint passed the fragrance components of honey to curly kale. Curly kale gave its rich vitality to honey mint. As a result, both honey mint and curly kale can survive even under strong stress. And both are reborn as new varieties.

[0032] The curly kale does the same thing to the cabbage, imparting the sweetness and rich nutrients of the honey kale to the cabbage, and receiving the nutrients from the cabbage in return. Here again there was a major innovation. The question was whether to impart vitality or aromatic components. First, the vegetable in question must possess aromatic components. If both possess aromatic components, an exchange of aromatic components occurs. This results in a new variety. The point is this. Sharing vitality requires that the vitality is excessive. And it doesn't mean that one plant alone must have enough vitality. The vitality of the surrounding plants is added. There is also a distance specification, and it means that the same vegetables are of the same species within a 60cm radius.

[0033] The reason why one parent is mint is to allow communication with herbs or vegetables, and to impart aromatic compounds. Communication is not possible if the parent seedling is a vegetable. Therefore, one of the parents must be mint. And there are different types of mint, and they are good at communicating with each other. The peppermint type is mainly good at communicating with other herbs. The spearmint type is versatile and can communicate with any person, but its scent is a little weaker than that of the peppermint type. Therefore, a type like Holy Mint, which has both characteristics and was bred under the applicant's patent, is preferable.

[0034] The same thing happened with curly kale under the same conditions. Curly kale is a completely vegetable and a superfood. Although curly kale does not threaten other varieties, if there is an herb nearby that meets the conditions of the prior art, crossbreeding between curly kale and mint will occur. As the prior art also states, plants communicate and exchange nutrients and aromatic compounds through their roots and stems in the ground. The same thing happened with curly kale, which is also a vegetable. The distance at which this happened was also 300 cm ≦ D1 ≦ 400 cm, and the temperature was 0℃ ≦ T1 ≦ 10℃. The master plant of the hybrid honey mint was also pressure bred. As a result, it was under strong life support stress and exchanged aromatic compounds with the curly kale next to it. In other words, in exchange for the nutrients that the honey mint received from the curly kale to live, the honey mint provided the aromatic compounds of the honey part to the curly kale. This theory could also be used to impart a minty flavour to other vegetables, especially leafy superfoods and greens.

[0035] The breeding method of this invention was tested indoors, in an environment where there were no pollinating insects, under the same temperature and other conditions. Of course, the parent seedlings were not in flower, and there were no pollinating insects indoors. Therefore, pollination was impossible, but just to be sure, the parent seedlings were covered with plastic bags and bred. As a result, the appearance of the vegetable seedlings changed after breeding. The leaves were slightly purple, and the taste was a mixture of the bitterness of kale and the sweetness of cabbage on the outside. The sweetness increased as it approached the center core. The appearance was cabbage except for the slightly purple outer leaves, but the aroma and taste were given a honey flavor. To distinguish this variety, the tentative names were honey mint and honey curly kale, as it is a new variety of curly kale and a new variety of cabbage.

[0036] Honey kale is a new variety called honey mint, which was developed under the applicant's Patent No. 7385070. This variety is a combination of black locust and spearmint. This honey mint was developed as a new variety using the breeding method of this invention, and then crossed with curly kale to create honey kale.

[0037] Regarding the component analysis results of honey caramel. It is a new variety that can be bred by specifying the compression and distance of 10 kilopascals of parent mint. However, the nutrients are as described in Drawing 1. According to the data, the lipid is twice that of the existing variety, and for sodium and the like, it is more than 10 times. Therefore, this breeding method is beneficial for vegetables and fruit vegetables and is optimal for rapidly increasing nutrients.

[0038] Regarding the method of identifying the signs of starvation, it is also described in Patent No. 7385070 of the applicant of this application. Harvest the stem of the herb mint and leave the mint exposed to the outside air for 60 minutes or more and within 90 minutes, and regard the state where the leaves are listless and facing downward as the sign of starvation.

[0039] There is natural rainfall. The rainfall has little nutrient and is for temporary life support. And the moisture is basically in the ground or underground. At the initial stage of rainfall, there is also moisture on the ground, so plants can easily absorb moisture. In fact, there are also times when the moisture is likely to dry up during the end of the rainy season and in summer when plants are growing. From the end of the rainy season to summer, there is moisture accumulated underground or in the ground. If plants can absorb it, they can survive.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0040] [Figure 1] Final Component Analysis Results

Modes for Carrying Out the Invention

[0041] Plant mint and edible herbs at a distance of 300 cm ≤ D1 ≤ 400 cm. And apply a pressure of 0.5 ≤ P ≤ 10 kilopascals as the compression process. When the compression period is 20 days or more and 30 days or less, release the compression and leave it for 24 hours or more and 72 hours to identify the signs of depletion of nutrients and moisture. When it is in a depleted state, let the soil dry naturally when the temperature is 0°C < T1 ≤ 10°C, and when it is from March to April without rainfall and without insects and the alley is dry and parched, apply fertilizer to impart the aroma of the mint to the herb vegetables.

[0042] Plant the herbaceous vegetable with the mint aroma and another vegetable different from it in the soil at a planting distance D2 of 280 cm ≤ D2 ≤ 380 cm, and under the condition that the temperature T1 is 0°C < T1 ≤ 10°C, without watering, based on the rainfall in March to April in the Kanto region of Japan, and when there is only rainfall and morning dew, no rainfall, and no insects in March to April, and when the alley has dried out and become completely dry, fertilize to breed the plant as the next step.

[0043] It is not the case that any variety of mint is acceptable; there are conditions. It is easier to explain by taking mint as an example among herbs in particular. It is the strain of mint. Mint includes peppermint strain, spearmint strain, apple mint strain, and other strains. The aroma components absorbed and different varieties are completely different depending on the strain.

[0044] For the peppermint strain, experiments were conducted using the technology of the prior art that was the basis for me to crossbreed it further with wild strawberry. As a result, even after 180 days, there was no change and each grew individually. However, conversely, it is good at crossbreeding between the same species, especially has good compatibility with the apple mint strain and the crossbreeding is fast.

[0045] The spearmint strain can crossbreed even with different species. And it is a bit reluctant to crossbreed between the same species, but it is possible if given time. As for the period, for the peppermint strain, it takes 21 to 28 days if they are of the same species, while the spearmint strain requires 60 days. Therefore, crossbreeding between spearmint strains should be avoided.

[0046] Regarding the apple mint strain. This strain rarely threatens other varieties with runners or rhizomes. However, it grows fast and is easily affected by other varieties conversely. And it is also characterized by being strong in resistance to cold, heat, etc., and often becomes a woolly type with hair growing.

[0047] The apple mint line is useful for imparting resistance. By using the breeding methods described in the prior art, it is possible to intentionally impart resistance to diseases, heat, and cold. As a result, it changes into a woolly type with downy hair. Other lineages are rarely encountered and offer no advantage.

[0048] By selecting the above lineages and carrying out pressure breeding, it became possible to crossbreed with fruit-like vegetables. The first variety produced using this breeding method was a cross between Hijiri Saint Mint and a wild strawberry strain of Chilean strawberry. At the same time, a strawberry with a Chilean strawberry base and a Saint Mint scent was also successfully born by using the reverse combination.

[0049] The aromatic compounds were given to the plants when they were in a starved state without any pressure, but although the aromatic compounds remaining in the soil gave off an aroma, the vegetable seedlings did not give off a scent and there was no change in appearance. The variety in question was sunny lettuce. This showed that pressure is an important factor. Zero pressure was not necessary for herbs, but it was necessary for vegetables and fruit vegetables. The pressure necessary for fruit vegetables was around 0.5 kilopascals, and changes occurred when they were released after the specified period of around 30 days. As mentioned above, there was no change with zero pressure, so pressure is necessary.

[0050] Holy Mint is a new variety of parent mint of peppermint type and parent mint of spearmint type, and this crossing occurred because it has the characteristics of both. If this is done with other herbs, it is necessary to first cross a mint of spearmint type with an herb using the breeding method in the prior art document. The peppermint type is selected depending on the species to be crossed. This makes it possible to breed new varieties by crossing all mints with fruit vegetables and fruit trees, including the fact that they are young seedlings.

[0051] A method for identifying signs of starvation is also described in the applicant's Patent No. 7385070, which involves harvesting the stems of mint herbs and leaving them exposed to the outside air for 60 to 90 minutes, with signs of starvation being when the leaves are lifeless and pointing downward.

[0052] There is natural rainfall. Rainfall contains few nutrients and is only a temporary source of life support. Basically, moisture is found underground or beneath the ground. At the beginning of rainfall, there is moisture above ground as well, so plants can easily absorb it. It is true that there are times when plants are more likely to run out of moisture, such as after the rainy season and in summer. From the end of the rainy season through to summer, moisture accumulates underground or beneath the ground. If plants can absorb this moisture, they can survive.

[0053] Communicator plants absorb water from underground and also collect nutrients from underground. Communicator plants vary depending on the base plant, i.e. herbs, vegetables, or flowers. However, they all do the same thing.

[0054] The job of a communicator plant is to suck up moisture and nutrients from underground and supply them to the base plant. For this reason, it is essential that the rhizomes of the communicator plant are long and strong. The communicator plant releases moisture and nutrients through the rhizomes of the base plant and into the area around the rhizomes. The communicator plant determines whether the vitality of the base plant has weakened based on the strength of the aromatic compounds. The communicator plants determine that a weak aromatic compound means the entire plant is lifeless and in danger of dying, and so they suck up moisture and nutrients from underground and release them within reach of the base plant's underground stems. The base plant is struggling to survive and is weak, so it needs water and nutrients immediately. If they are within reach of its rhizomes, they will extend their rhizomes to absorb them. Once they are replenished with water and nutrients and regain their strength, the amount of aromatic compounds released will return to normal. The communicator plants sense this and stop releasing water and nutrients, using them themselves.

[0055] The reverse can also happen. When the base plant is vibrant and has spare capacity, it cannot collect as much water as the communicator plant, but it releases moisture, nutrients, and aromatic compounds within the reach of the rhizomes of the communicator plant, which is struggling to survive, for absorption. In this case, the communicator plant also receives aromatic compounds. This is inter-plant communication.

[0056] The communicator plant in this invention was the herb mint. EXAMPLES

[0057] Five varieties have been successfully cultivated, including honey kale and honey kale, as well as fruit vegetables. [Industrial Applicability]

[0058] Breeding new varieties of herb vegetables with fruit characteristics

[0059] Breeding new varieties of herb vegetables with herbal characteristics

[0060] Serving herb vegetables as a dish

Claims

1. A method for breeding vegetables, comprising planting mint, an herb of the Lamiaceae family, and an edible herb vegetable in soil, and imparting the aroma of the mint to the herb vegetable, The planting distance D1 between the mint and the herb vegetable is 300 cm≦D1≦400 cm, A compression step of placing a weight on the soil around the mint and applying a pressure of 0.5 Pascal≦P≦10 Pascal kg for a period of 20 to 30 days, and a stress application step of depleting nutrients and water while preventing the mint from withering for 24 to 72 hours after the pressure is released. A method for breeding vegetables, comprising: a drying step of naturally drying soil under a condition of an air temperature T1 of 0°C<T1≦10°C; and a fertilizing step of spraying fertilizer after the drying step, wherein the fertilizing step imparts the aroma of mint to the herb vegetable by applying fertilizer.

2. The herb vegetable bred by the breeding method of claim 1 and another vegetable are mixed together. The seeds are planted in soil at a planting distance D2 of 280 cm≦D2≦380 cm, and the temperature T1 is 0°C < T1≦10°C.

2. The method for breeding vegetables according to claim 1, characterized in that the vegetables are bred by applying fertilizer when the alley becomes dry and parched.

3. 3. The method for breeding vegetables according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the mint herb has characteristics of both spearmint and peppermint, or is only spearmint.

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