Collecting Injection Device Data Using Energy Harvested from an External Device

Abstract

To provide a mechanism configured to harvest energy to power electronic components of an injection device to collect and transmit injection device data in an IoT network.SOLUTION: The present disclosure is directed to saving energy of an injection device by using: a sensor 103 attached to a housing 129, the sensor configured to detect a signal associated with an amount of medicament within the injection device 102 and to generate a sensor signal based on the signal; a control component 124 coupled to the sensor, the control component configured to harvest energy to process the sensor signal and to generate injection device data; and an antenna 128 coupled to the control component, the antenna configured to transmit a radio frequency signal based on the injection device data.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Background technology]

[0001] Electronic injection devices allow the patient to safely administer medication without the need for regular supervision by medical staff while still allowing the transmission of treatment data to medical staff. The treatment data is generally transmitted by electronic components that are characterized by a "moderate" or "typical" power consumption. Typically, electronic injection devices are powered by a battery that is integral to the device or by an external energy source through a wired connection. Both the integral battery and the wired connection have several drawbacks. For example, current configurations of electronic injection devices result in draining of the energy source when idle, and thus the long shelf life can wear out the battery life even when the electronic injection device is not in use. Low battery conditions can cause the device to no- or malfunction, inaccurate dosing, missed doses, or even render the electronic injection device unusable due to the cessation of operation of the electronic components. Summary of the Invention [Means for solving the problem]

[0002] An embodiment of the present disclosure includes a module for attachment to an injection device, an injection device, and a system using an IoT platform chip for ultra-low RF communication. According to one aspect of the present disclosure, the module for attachment to an injection device includes a housing configured to be attached to a surface of the injection device, a sensor attached to the housing and configured to detect a signal related to an amount of medicament in the injection device and generate a sensor signal based on the signal, a control component connected to the sensor and configured to harvest energy and process the sensor signal to generate injection device data, and an antenna connected to the control component and configured to transmit a radio frequency (RF) signal based on the injection device data.

[0003] In some embodiments, the module includes a transceiver configured to enable transmission of injection device data from the control component to the antenna. In some embodiments, the control component includes an energy harvester configured to harvest energy from at least one of the interrogation signal and a priming operation of the injection device. In some embodiments, the operation of the injection device includes a displacement of one of a push button, a plunger head, and a plunger rod of the injection device. In some embodiments, the control component includes a boost converter configured to increase a voltage level of the energy provided by the energy harvester. In some embodiments, the control component is configured to determine whether the harvested energy is sufficient for activation of one or more additional components of the injection device. In some embodiments, the control component is configured to obtain supplemental energy from at least one of a rechargeable battery, a capacitor, and an intermediate energy storage if it is determined that the harvested energy is not sufficient for activation of the one or more additional components.

[0004] In some embodiments, the module includes an integrated voltage regulator configured to regulate a voltage level generated by the boost converter. In some embodiments, the sensor includes at least one of a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, and a fill level sensor. In some embodiments, the sensor is configured to generate the sensor signal using ultra-low power. In some embodiments, the ultra-low power is in a range of about 50 nW to about 1 μW.

[0005] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, the injection device comprises: a signal related to the amount of medication in the injection device; The injection device includes a sensor configured to detect an energy harvesting signal and generate a sensor signal based on the signal, a control component electrically connected to the sensor and configured to harvest energy and process the sensor signal to generate injection device data, and an antenna electrically connected to the control component and configured to transmit a radio frequency (RF) signal based on the injection device data.

[0006] In some embodiments, the injection device includes a transceiver configured to enable transmission of injection device data from the control component to the antenna. In some embodiments, the control component includes an energy harvester configured to harvest energy from at least one of the interrogation signal and a priming operation of the injection device. In some embodiments, the priming operation of the injection device includes a displacement of one of a push button and a piston of the injection device. In some embodiments, the control component includes a boost converter configured to increase a voltage level of the energy provided by the energy harvester. In some embodiments, the injection device includes an integrated voltage regulator configured to regulate a voltage level generated by the boost converter. In some embodiments, the sensor includes at least one of a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, and a fill level sensor.

[0007] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a medication injection system includes: an injection device and a computing device configured to receive a radio frequency (RF) signal transmitted by the injection device, the injection device including a sensor configured to detect a signal related to an amount of medication in the injection device and generate a sensor signal based on the signal, a control component electrically connected to the sensor and configured to harvest energy and process the sensor signal to generate injection device data, and an antenna electrically connected to the control component and configured to transmit the RF signal based on the injection device data.

[0008] In some embodiments, the control component includes an energy harvester configured to harvest energy from at least one of the interrogation signal generated by the computing device and a priming operation of the injection device. In some embodiments, the priming operation of the injection device includes a displacement of one of a push button and a piston of the injection device. In some embodiments, the control component includes a boost converter configured to increase a voltage level of the energy provided by the energy harvester.

[0009] It will be understood that systems according to the present disclosure can include any combination of the aspects and configurations described herein, i.e., methods according to the present disclosure are not limited to the combination of the aspects and configurations specifically described herein, but also include any combination of the aspects and configurations provided.

[0010] The details of one or more embodiments of the disclosure are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features and advantages of the disclosure will become apparent from the description, drawings, and claims. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0011] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is an exploded view of an example of a system according to the present disclosure. [Diagram 2] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of exemplary system components in which embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented. [Diagram 3] 5 is a flow diagram of an exemplary process that can be performed to carry out operations of the present disclosure. [Figure 4] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary computer system that can be used to implement embodiments of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0012] In the various drawings, like reference numbers indicate like elements.

[0013] Embodiments of the present disclosure are generally directed to data collection using an Internet of Things (IoT) platform chip integrated into an injection device. The IoT platform chip is an ultra-low power (μW) platform chip configured to process signals received from sensors in the injection device and transmit injection device data to other devices in an IoT network using an antenna integral with the injection device. The IoT network includes a variety of medical devices designed for performing medical procedures, monitoring medical procedures and / or measuring physiological parameters of patients, cameras that record or stream live feeds of patient procedures, mobile devices with built-in sensors, and other devices that assist patients and healthcare providers during the performance of medical procedures. More specifically, embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to mechanisms configured to harvest energy to power electronic components of the injection device to collect and transmit injection device data within an IoT network.

[0014] The electronic components of an electronic injection device may drain the device's energy sources even when the device is idle. Thus, collection, processing, and transmission of injection device data may be hindered by idle battery drain. As described in further detail herein, embodiments of the present disclosure address this challenge. For example, an electronic injection device may be configured to operate without a battery by using energy harvested from the environment. The components of the electronic injection device may be configured for low power data processing and data transmission. An electronic injection device configured to operate without a battery has a low environmental footprint and can be manufactured as a disposable item.

[0015] 1 illustrates an exemplary system 100 that can be used to implement embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the exemplary system 100 can be used to harvest energy and power one or more electronic components of an injection device 102 to collect and transmit RF signals that include injection device data. In the illustrated example, the exemplary system 100 includes an injection device 102 in an exploded view, an external device 104, a network 106, and a server system 108.

[0016] The injection device 102 can be a pre-filled, disposable injection pen, or the injection device 102 can be a reusable injection pen. The injection device 102 can be configured to communicate with an external device 104 (e.g., a smartphone configured to generate an RF signal). For example, the injection device 102 can be configured to harvest energy from the external device 104 and transmit injection device data to the external device 104. Energy harvesting is a technique in which the injection device 102 is wirelessly energized (charged) using the external device 104 as an energy distributor. The process of energy harvesting includes capturing an RF signal generated by the external device 104, converting the RF signal into an electrical signal, and boosting the electrical signal to provide electrical energy to one or more components of the injection device. The injection device 102 can transmit operational data (e.g., the date and time of the start of use of the injection device 102, and sensor measurements) and corresponding treatment data (e.g., the amount and time of drug administration by the injection device 102) to the external device 104. In some implementations, the injection device 102 is associated with an identifier that is used by the external device 104 to uniquely identify the injection device 102 .

[0017] The injection device 102 may include a housing 110 and a needle assembly 115. The housing 110 may house the drug reservoir 103, the electronic module 105, the stopper 107, the plunger rod 118, the plunger head 109, the bearing 111, the dose knob 112, the dose window 114, and the injection button 120. The housing 110 may be molded from a medical grade plastic material such as a liquid crystal polymer, a cyclic olefin copolymer (COC), a cyclic olefin polymer (COP) or glass.

[0018] The drug reservoir 103 can be configured to contain a fluid drug. The drug can include a pharmaceutical formulation containing at least one pharma- ceutical active compound. The drug can include an insulin analog, an insulin derivative, an analgesic, a hormone, a beta agonist, a corticosteroid, or any combination of the above-mentioned drugs. The drug reservoir 103 can be a conventional generally cylindrical disposable container such as a cartridge or syringe used to package formulated fluids such as drugs, anesthetics, and the like. The drug reservoir 103 can include a pair of ends, one end having a pierceable membrane that receives the inner end of the needle 113 in a fluid-tight sealing engagement, and the other end configured to be displaceable during drug administration.

[0019] The contained dose of drug can be released from the injection device 102 by turning the dose knob 112. The selected dose is then displayed via the dose window 114, for example in multiples of so-called international units (IU), where 1 IU is bioequivalent to approximately 45.5 micrograms of pure crystalline drug (1 / 22 mg). An example of a selected dose displayed in the dose window 114 can be, for example, 30 IU, as shown in FIG. 1. In some embodiments, the selected dose can be displayed differently, for example by an electronic display (for example, the dose window 114 can take the form of an electronic display). Turning the dose knob 112 can generate a mechanical click to provide acoustic feedback to the user. The numbers displayed in the dose window 114 can be printed on a sleeve housed in the housing 110. The sleeve mechanically interacts with a plunger head 109 fixed to the end of a plunger rod 118, which presses against a stopper 107 of the drug reservoir 103. The bearing 111 may provide a rigid attachment to one or both ends of the plunger rod 118 .

[0020] The plunger head 109 (e.g., the rear end of the plunger) may be configured to expel a portion of the fluid by displacing a stopper 107 contained in the drug reservoir 103, such that the position of the stopper 107 is related to the amount of fluid in the injection device 102. The stopper 107 may be a flexible stopper, such as a rubber stopper. The stopper 107 may be of sufficient length such that the stopper 107 does not tear or twist when the plunger head 109 engages it. The needle assembly 115 includes a needle 113 and may be secured to the housing 110. The needle 113 is covered by an inner needle cap 116 and an outer needle cap 117, which may be covered by a cap 119. When the needle 113 is inserted into a portion of the patient's skin and the injection button 120 is pressed, the drug dose displayed in the display window 114 is expelled from the injection device 102. The majority of the dose is actually injected into the patient's body when the needle 113 of the injection device 102 is left in that skin area for a period of time after the injection button 120 is pressed. The release of the drug dose can produce a mechanical clicking sound that can be different from the sound produced when the dose knob 112 is used.

[0021] The injection device 102 can be used for several injection processes until the drug reservoir 103 is empty or until the expiration date of the injection device 102 is reached (e.g., 28 days after first use). Before the first use of the injection device 102, the external device 104 A priming operation may need to be performed to harvest energy from and / or remove air from the drug reservoir 103 and needle 113. For example, a priming operation may include selecting two units of drug and pressing the inject button 120 while holding the injection device 102 with the needle 113 facing upwards. The impulse caused by selecting two units of drug or pressing the inject button 120 initiates communication between the electronic module 105 and the external device 104.

[0022] The electronic module 105 can be configured to perform and / or assist one or more functions of the injection device 102 (e.g., releasing a drug). The electronic module 105 can be molded into a component of the injection device 102 or attached to the injection device 102. The electronic module 105 can include a sensor 122, a control component 124, an energy module 126, and an antenna 128. The sensor 122 can be configured to detect a signal including an indication of a drug amount related to a function of the injection device 102 and generate a sensor signal based on the signal. The indication includes data representing the drug amount. The function can include an operation of the injection device related to a dosage of the drug, such as a displacement of the plunger rod 118. The signal including an indication of the drug amount can include an electrical signal, an acoustic signal, a mechanical signal, and / or an optical signal. For example, the sensor 122 can be configured to generate an electrical signal proportional to the amount of drug contained in the drug reservoir 103 or the amount of drug dispensed by the injection device 102. Further, the sensor 122 may include mechanical components, acoustic components (e.g., piezoelectric elements), optical components (e.g., light emitting diode and photodiode pairs), magnetic components (e.g., permanent magnets or plastics containing ferromagnetic particles), electrical components (e.g., capacitive electrodes, variable resistors), contact switches, or combinations thereof. Further, the sensor 122 may include an incremental dosage sensor configured to measure the amount of drug dispensed. In some implementations, the sensor 122 may be configured to include an environmental sensor in addition to the sensor configured to detect a signal indicative of the amount of drug dispensed. The environmental sensor may include any of a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an air quality sensor, or a light intensity sensor. In some implementations, multiple sensors 122 may be included in different locations of the injection device 102 of FIG. 1 to detect drug amount related data and / or improve accuracy of results related to sensor measurements. The sensor 122 may transmit a signal (e.g., voltage) to the control component 124.

[0023] The control component 124 can be an ultra-low power (e.g., in the power range of μW or nW) platform chip. The control component 124 can be configured to obtain energy from the energy module 126, process the signal received from the sensor 122, and transmit the injection device data with the antenna 128. The antenna 128 can be a radio frequency (RF) antenna capable of transmitting the injection device data to the external device 104. The antenna 128 is electrically isolated from the surface of the injection device 102 so that user interaction does not affect the signal and signal strength. The communication field 130 can enable communication between the injection device 102 and the external device 104. The communication field 130 can be based on an ultra-low power RF transmission protocol. The signal transmitted by the antenna 128 of the injection device 102 can include the amount of fluid in the drug reservoir 103, additional environmental values ​​measured by the sensor 122, and an identifier of the injection device 102. In some implementations, the electronic components of the electronic module 105 can be integrated in a single location or multiple locations within the housing 129 (e.g., fitted or attached to the plunger rod 118, the cavity of the plunger head 109, the cavity of the stopper 107 or the wall of the drug reservoir 103). The housing 129 can be a flexible carrier foil configured to be attached to a surface (e.g., a curved portion) of the inner wall (e.g., the wall of the drug reservoir 103) of the injection device 102. The housing 129 can be configured to accommodate the components of the injection device 102 (e.g., It may also be a hermetically closeable box configured to fit into a cavity formed in the plunger head 109 or stopper 107. Further details regarding the components and functionality of the electronic module 105 are provided with reference to FIG.

[0024] The external device 104 can communicate with the injection device 102 via the communication field 130 and with one or more of the server devices 108 via the network 106. In some implementations, the external device 104 can include any suitable type of computing device, such as a desktop computer, a laptop computer, a handheld computer, a tablet computer, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a cellular telephone, a network appliance, a camera, a smartphone, a smartwatch, an Enhanced General Packet Radio Service (EGPRS) mobile phone, a media player, a navigation device, an email device, a game console, or any suitable combination of any two or more of these devices, or other data processing device.

[0025] The external device 104 may include a transceiver 132, a processor 134, and a display 136. The transceiver 132 may be configured to transmit signals to activate and / or power the injection device 102 and to receive signals from the injection device 102. The transceiver 132 may be configured to spontaneously transmit signals to the injection device 102 at a preset frequency for a preset time interval. The processor 134 may be configured to process data transmitted by the injection device 102. The external device 104 may be configured to allow a user to interact with the display 136 (e.g., via a graphical user interface) to initiate communication between the external device 104 and the injection device 102. The display 136 may be configured to display data received from the injection device 102 and processed by the external processor 134.

[0026] In some implementations, the server device 108 includes at least one server 138 and at least one data storage device 140. In the example of FIG. 1, the server device 108 is intended to represent various forms of servers, including, but not limited to, a web server, an application server, a proxy server, a network server, and / or a server pool. In general, the server system accepts requests for application services and provides such services to any number of client devices (e.g., the external device 104) via the network 106 to support monitoring of the use of the injection device 102. In some implementations, a user (e.g., a patient or a health care provider) can access the application services to analyze past and current data regarding the use of the injection device 102. The past and current data regarding the use of the injection device 102 can include dates of drug injections, doses expelled per day, and the amount of drug remaining in the injection device 102. FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an example electronic module 200 (e.g., the electronic module 105 of FIG. 1) capable of implementing an embodiment of the present disclosure. The example electronic module 200 can be configured for an ultra-low power (μW) RF communication protocol. The exemplary electronic module 200 includes a sensor 202, a sensor node 204, a sensor interface 206, a multipoint control unit (MCU) 208, a memory 210, an RF module 212, a communication node 214, an antenna 216, a power management module 218, an energy harvesting node 220, a harvester 222, an energy node 224, a battery 226, and a storage device 228.

[0027] The sensor 202 may include the sensor 122 as described with reference to FIG. The sensor 202 can include multiple sensors of the same or different types. Multiple sensors of the same type can be used to improve the accuracy of the measurement and / or measure position-dependent values. In some implementations, the sensor 202 (e.g., a dose sensor) triggers the activation of the electronic module 200. For example, an electrical contact is detected by the sensor 202, which triggers the activation of the electronic module 200. In some implementations, the sensor 202 can be used as an energy harvester 222. The sensor node 204 can be configured to collect signals from one or more sensors 202. In some implementations, the sensor node 204 can be a wireless sensor node (e.g., an edge node of the Internet of Things (IoT)). The sensor interface 206 can be an analog-to-digital converter, a differential measurement bridge, or a serial interface (e.g., an inter-integrated circuit, a serial peripheral interface, a universal asynchronous transmitter-receiver, a universal synchronous / asynchronous transmitter-receiver, a transistor-transistor logic circuit, or other protocol interface). The sensor interface 206 can be configured to transmit the collected signals to the MCU 208 .

[0028] The MCU 208 may be a control component that defines the connection points of the electronic module 200, allowing the three or more terminals and gateways to transmit signals between each other. The MCU may be an integrated circuit (IC) of the IoT chip 240. The MCU 208 may process one or more signals received from other electronic components of the electronic module 200 (e.g., the sensor interface 206, the memory 210, and the RF module 212). The MCU 208 may trigger measurements of the sensor 202. The MCU 208 may send a signal to the RF module 212 to trigger transmission of data to an external device.

[0029] The memory 210 may include a microcontroller, a microprocessor, or a combination of microprocessor components and other components formed in a single package. The memory 210 may be an arithmetic and / or logic unit array. For example, the memory 210 may be configured to perform operations on sensor data to generate output data, as described in detail with reference to FIG. 3. The memory 210 may be configured for low power consumption so that it can operate using energy provided by the power management module 218. For example, the memory 210 may include one or more of an electrically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM), a static random access memory (SRAM), a ferroelectric random access memory (FRAM), a magnetoresistive RAM (MRAM), and a phase change memory (PCM). FRAM is a non-volatile random access memory based on the integration of ferroelectric materials to achieve non-volatility. FRAM does not require a special sequence to write data and does not require a charge pump to achieve a higher programming voltage (e.g., FRAM programs at 1.5V). FRAM has the advantages of low power consumption (e.g., lower than EEPROM), low write voltage requirements, high write speed, and high number of write-erase cycles. FRAM is compatible with standard CMOS processes, which means that it can be integrated into electronic module 200 with other logic functions by performing additional processing steps. MRAM offers fast read / write speeds on the order of about 35 ns, long data retention, and unlimited number of read / write cycles. MRAM reads are non-destructive. RF module 212 is a transceiver configured to enable communication with external devices via communication node 214 and antenna 216 using ultra-low power RF. RF module 212 includes an RF generator 230 and an RF harvester 232. RF generator 230 generates an RF signal based on an electrical signal received from MCU 208 and harvests the RF signal into an antenna. The RF harvester 232 may be configured to transmit energy to the antenna 216. The RF harvester 232 may be configured to harvest energy from RF signals generated by an external device, received by the antenna 216, and integrated by the communication node 214. The RF harvester 232 may include a piezoelectric crystal that generates an electrical pulse in response to the received RF signal. The communication node 214 may be configured to enable communication via one or more antennas 216 by integrating signals received from the antennas 216. The antennas 216 may be designed for a particular frequency along with a matching network. Multiple antennas 216 may be included in the electronic module 200 to increase the bandwidth of communication (e.g., to enable communication between the electronic module 200 and multiple types of external devices). In addition to the antenna 216 and the RF harvester 232, the electronic module 200 may include one or more harvesters 222. The harvester 222 is connected to the boost converter 234 via the energy harvesting node 220. The one or more harvesters 222 may be configured to harvest energy from electromagnetic fields generated by the external device. The one or more harvesters 222 may include a moving magnet that generates a current in a coil, a piezoelectric crystal that generates an electrical pulse, or a charge pump that accumulates an electric charge. The energy harvester 222 may have an output voltage range (e.g., 0.1-2 volts) that may be similar or different from the voltage range output by the RF module 212. In some implementations, the energy harvester 222 communicates directly with the sensor 202 to trigger the activation of energy harvesting or sensor measurement. The RF harvester 232 and the energy harvester 222 may transmit the generated energy supply to the power management module 218.

[0030] The power management module 218 can be configured to manage the power of the electronic module 200 and can be responsible for enabling or disabling consumer circuits depending on the available energy level. The power management module 218 includes a boost converter 234 and a regulator 236. The boost converter 234 can be configured to increase the voltage level used by the electronic module 200. The boost converter 234 can be a DC / DC boost converter. The regulator 236 can manage the storage of the harvested energy and regulates the DC supply voltage of the MCU 208 within a power range of tens of μW to hundreds of mW with sub-μW operating losses. In some implementations, the regulator 236 is temporarily shut down by the MCU 208 during the transmission of RF signals from the electronic module 200 using the RF generator 230.

[0031] The power management module 218 may include power path management for an optional backup rechargeable battery or capacitor 226 connected via the energy node 224. The rechargeable battery or capacitor 226 may include a programmable voltage monitor to support charging and prevent overcharging or over-discharging. The rechargeable battery or capacitor 226 may act as a short-term storage device for harvested energy. The rechargeable battery or capacitor 226 may be configured to provide energy to the electronic module 200 without utilizing an external device to generate the RF communication field. In some implementations, the energy harvester 222 may reduce the size of or replace the battery or capacitor 226. For example, the electronic module 200 does not include the rechargeable battery or capacitor 226, and the power source for the electronic module 200 is limited to the RF communication field. The power management module 218 may optionally include an intermediate energy storage device 228. The intermediate energy storage device 228 may be configured to provide power to the electronic module 200 during consumption peaks.

[0032] In some implementations, the sensor interface 206, the MCU 208, the memory 210, the RF module 212, and the power management module 218 are integrated into the Internet of Things (IoT) The electronic module 200 includes a sensor node 204, a communication node 214, an energy harvesting node 220, and an energy node 224. In some embodiments, the electronic module 200 includes a housing 242 (e.g., the housing 129 in FIG. 1) that can be attached to the injection device. The housing 242 can be configured to support and / or encase all the components of the IoT platform chip 240 (e.g., the sensor interface 206, the MCU 208, the memory 210, the RF module 212, the power management module 218, and the nodes 204, 214, 220, 224). In some implementations, the antenna 216 is integrated within the IoT platform chip 240 and mounted close to the surface of the injection device to prevent attenuation of signals transmitted and received by the antenna 216. The frequency spectrum of the IoT platform chip 240 allows for the use of a relatively small antenna 216 (e.g., a few millimeters wide). The IoT platform chip 240 can have a fundamental frequency higher than 1 GHz to minimize the size of the antenna 216 to less than 12 mm x 12 mm.

[0033] FIG. 3 is a flow diagram illustrating an exemplary process 300 that may be performed by the devices and systems described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. The process 300 begins with the receipt of a trigger signal (302). The trigger signal may include a priming operation in an injection device that has no internal energy source or only a limited energy source. The priming operation may be initiated by a user of the injection device. An example of a priming operation performed in an injection device may include selecting a specific number of units of medication (e.g., 1 or 2) and pressing an injection button while holding the injection device with the needle facing up. Another example of a priming operation performed in an injection device may include pressing a priming button of the injection device configured as an electrical switch. In some implementations, the trigger signal may include an interrogation signal generated by an external device. The interrogation signal may include electromagnetic (e.g., RF) waves emitted by the external device to detect the presence of an injection device within communication range. The interrogation signal may be automatically generated by the external device based on one or more conditions. The conditions may include a transmission frequency, a transmission time, and / or a time interval. For example, a drug treatment can be scheduled to be performed within a particular time interval during which the external device can generate an interrogation signal at a given frequency. The signal is generated by the external device in response to a user input of the external device. For example, a user can interact with the external device to initiate a drug dispensing service. The trigger signal can include at least one of a mechanical signal, an acoustic signal, and an RF signal.

[0034] If the distance between the injection device and the external device is within a communication range, in response to receiving the trigger signal, communication is established between the injection device and the external device (304). While communication is established, the injection device can be configured to harvest energy from an interrogation signal transmitted by the external device (306). Harvesting the energy can include generating an electrical signal based on an RF signal received by an antenna of the injection device by an RF harvester. In some embodiments, the harvested energy is boosted to increase the voltage. The electrical energy is used to power a control component (308). The control component can determine whether the received electrical energy is sufficient to activate one or more additional components of the injection device (310). If it is determined that additional energy is needed, supplemental energy is supplied to the charger (312). The auxiliary energy is harvested from one or more of a powered battery, a capacitor, and an energy harvester (312). Harvesting the auxiliary energy can include harvesting energy from an additional source different than the RF signal. The auxiliary energy is combined with the RF generated energy and directed towards the control component.

[0035] In response to determining that the energy is sufficient, one or more additional components of the injection device are activated to initiate a sensor measurement (314). The sensor measurement can include detecting an indication associated with a function of the injection device to generate a sensor signal. The indication can include a mechanical, acoustic, optical, magnetic, electrical signal, or combinations thereof generated before, during, or after the function of the device. The function of the injection device can include a movement of the plunger rod, a displacement of the plunger head, a dose selection, or other action associated with dispensing the medication. The indication is converted to a sensor signal by the sensor. A control component can be configured to receive the sensor signal generated by the sensor (316). The control component can process the sensor signal to generate injection device data (318). The injection device data can include the sensor signals from the multiple sensors and additional stored data. For example, the injection device data can include a unique identifier for the injection device, a dose of medication, an amount of medication in the cartridge and / or injection device, a medication temperature, a timestamp of medication administration, a location, and / or context-specific data of the injection device.

[0036] The injection device data is transmitted to an RF generator for converting the data to an RF signal (320). It is determined whether the injection device has sufficient energy to power an antenna to transmit an RF signal related to the injection device data to the external device. If it is determined that additional energy is needed, supplemental energy is obtained from one or more of a rechargeable battery, a capacitor, and an energy harvester (324). If it is determined that the antenna has sufficient energy, the antenna is powered (326) and an RF signal is transmitted to the external device (328). In some embodiments, in response to the successful transmission of the RF signal, the injection device, if it includes a battery or capacitor, may determine whether the included battery or capacitor has stored sufficient energy (330). If the included battery or capacitor does not have stored sufficient energy, a communication field is maintained to the external device for charging the included battery or capacitor (332). If the injection device does not include a battery or capacitor, or if the included battery or capacitor has stored sufficient energy, communication between the injection device and the external device may be terminated.

[0037] 4 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary computing system 400. The system 400 can be used for the operations described in connection with the embodiments described herein. For example, the system 400 can be included in any or all of the server components discussed herein. The system 400 includes a processor 410, a memory 420, a storage device 430, and an input / output device 440. The components 410, 420, 430, and 440 are interconnected using a system bus 450. The processor 410 is capable of processing instructions for execution within the system 400. In one embodiment, the processor 410 is a single-threaded processor. In another embodiment, the processor 410 is a multi-threaded processor. The processor 410 is capable of processing instructions stored in the memory 420 or the storage device 430 to display graphical information for a user interface of the input / output device 440.

[0038] The memory 420 stores information within the system 400. In one embodiment, the memory 420 is a computer-readable medium. In one embodiment, the memory 420 is a volatile memory unit. In another embodiment, the memory 420 is a non-volatile memory unit. The storage device 430 is capable of providing mass storage for the system 400. In one embodiment, the storage device 430 is a computer-readable medium. In various different implementations, the storage device 430 can be a floppy disk device, a hard disk device, an optical disk device, or a tape device. The input / output device 440 provides input / output operations for the system 400. In one embodiment, the input / output device 440 includes a keyboard and / or a pointing device. In other embodiments, the input / output device 440 includes a display unit that displays a graphical user interface enabling a user to access data relating to the collected, stored, and queried items, as described with reference to FIGS. 1-3. The described arrangements can be implemented in digital electronic circuitry, or in computer hardware, firmware, software, or in combinations of these. The apparatus may be implemented in a computer program product tangibly embodied in an information carrier, such as a machine-readable storage device, for execution by a programmable processor; the method steps may be implemented by the programmable processor executing a program of instructions for performing the functions of the described embodiments by operating on input data and generating output. The described arrangements may advantageously be implemented in one or more computer programs executable on a programmable system including at least one programmable processor connected to receive data and instructions from, and transmit data and instructions to, a data storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device. A computer program is a set of instructions that can be used, directly or indirectly, in a computer to perform an activity or bring about a result.The computer program may be written in any form of programming language, including compiled or interpreted languages, and may be deployed in any form, including as a stand-alone program or as a module, component, subroutine, or other unit suitable for use in a computing environment.

[0039] Processors suitable for executing a program of instructions include, by way of example, both general-purpose and special-purpose microprocessors, and the sole processor or one of multiple processors of any type of computer. In general, a processor receives instructions and data from a read-only memory or a random access memory, or both. The essential elements of a computer are a processor for executing instructions, and one or more memories for storing instructions and data. In general, a computer also includes one or more mass storage devices for storing data files, or is operatively connected to communicate with such mass storage devices; such devices include magnetic disks, such as internal hard disks and removable disks; magneto-optical disks; and optical disks. Storage devices suitable for tangibly embodying computer program instructions and data include all forms of non-volatile memory, including, by way of example, semiconductor storage devices, such as EPROMs, EEPROMs, and flash memory devices; magnetic disks, such as internal hard disks and removable disks; magneto-optical disks; and CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks. The processor and memory can be supplemented by, or integrated into, ASICs (Application Specific Integrated Circuits).

[0040] To provide for interaction with a user, these configurations may be implemented on a computer having a display device, such as a CRT (cathode ray tube) or LCD (liquid crystal display) monitor, to display information to the user, and a keyboard and pointing device, such as a mouse or trackball, by which the user can provide input to the computer.

[0041] These configurations may be implemented in computer systems including back-end components such as data servers, or middleware components such as application servers or Internet servers, or front-end components such as client computers having a graphical user interface or Internet browser, or any combination thereof. The components of the system may be connected by any form or medium of digital data communication, such as a communications network. Examples of communications networks include, for example, LANs, WANs, and the computers and networks forming the Internet.

[0042] The computer system may include clients and servers. Clients and servers are generally located remotely from each other and typically interact through a network as described. The relationship of client and server arises by virtue of computer programs running on the respective computers and having a client-server relationship to each other.

[0043] Additionally, the logic flows depicted in the figures do not require the particular order or sequence depicted to achieve desirable results. Additionally, other steps can be provided or removed from the described flows, and other components can be added to or removed from the described systems. Accordingly, other implementations are within the scope of the following claims.

[0044] The terms "drug" or "medicament" are used synonymously herein to refer to a pharmaceutical formulation containing one or more active pharmaceutical ingredients or pharma- ceutically acceptable salts or solvates thereof, and optionally a pharma- ceutically acceptable carrier. An active pharmaceutical ingredient ("API"), in its broadest terms, is a chemical structure that exerts a biological effect on humans or animals. In pharmacology, drugs or agents are used to treat, cure, prevent, or diagnose disease, or otherwise improve physical or mental health. Drugs or agents are used for a limited duration, or periodically for chronic diseases.

[0045] As described below, the drug or agent may include at least one API, or a combination thereof, in various types of formulations for treating one or more diseases. Examples of APIs may include small molecules with a molecular weight of 500 Da or less; polypeptides, peptides, and proteins (e.g., hormones, growth factors, antibodies, antibody fragments, and enzymes); carbohydrates and polysaccharides; and nucleic acids, double-stranded or single-stranded DNA (including naked and cDNA), RNA, antisense nucleic acids such as antisense DNA and RNA, small interfering RNA (siRNA), ribozymes, genes, and oligonucleotides. The nucleic acid is incorporated into a molecular delivery system such as a vector, a plasmid, or a liposome. Mixtures of one or more drugs are also contemplated.

[0046] The drug or agent is contained within a primary package or "drug container" adapted for use in a drug delivery device. The drug container can be, for example, a cartridge, syringe, reservoir, or other solid or flexible container configured to provide a chamber suitable for storage (e.g., short-term or long-term storage) of one or more drugs. For example, in some cases, the chamber is designed to house the drug for at least one day (e.g., from 1 day to at least 30 days). In some cases, the chamber is designed to store the drug for about one month to about two years. Storage can be at room temperature (e.g., about 20° C.) or at refrigerated temperatures (e.g., from about −4° C. to about 4° C.). In some cases, the drug container is designed to store two or more components of a pharmaceutical formulation to be administered (e.g., an API and a diluent, or two different types of drugs) separately, one in each chamber. The dual chamber cartridge may be or may include a dual chamber cartridge configured to allow mixing between the two or more components prior to and / or during administration into the human or animal body. In such cases, the two chambers of the dual chamber cartridge are configured to allow mixing between the two or more components prior to and / or during administration into the human or animal body. For example, the two chambers are configured such that they are in fluid communication with each other (e.g., by a conduit between the two chambers) and allow mixing of the two components by a user prior to administration, if desired. Alternatively, or in addition, the two chambers are configured to allow mixing as the components are being administered into the human or animal body.

[0047] The drugs or agents contained within the drug delivery device described herein are used for the treatment and / or prevention of many different types of medical disorders. Examples of disorders include, for example, diabetes or complications associated with diabetes, such as diabetic retinopathy, thromboembolism, such as deep vein thromboembolism or pulmonary thromboembolism. Other examples of disorders include acute coronary syndrome (ACS), angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, cancer, macular degeneration, inflammation, hay fever, atherosclerosis and / or rheumatoid arthritis. Examples of APIs and drugs include, for example, but are not limited to, those listed in the Handbook of Rote Liste 2014, Main Group 12 (antidiabetic drugs) or Main Group 86 (tumor drugs), and Merck Index, 15th Edition.

[0048] Examples of APIs for the treatment and / or prevention of type 1 or type 2 diabetes, or complications associated with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, include insulin, e.g., human insulin, or a human insulin analog or derivative, glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1), a GLP-1 analog or GLP-1 receptor agonist, or an analog or derivative thereof, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitor, or a pharma-ceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, or any mixture thereof. The terms "analog" and "derivative" as used herein refer to a polypeptide having a molecular structure that is derived from the structure of a natural peptide, e.g., the structure of human insulin, by deleting and / or replacing at least one amino acid residue found in the natural peptide, and / or by adding at least one amino acid residue. The added and / or replaced amino acid residue can be a codable amino acid residue, or another natural residue, or a completely synthetic amino acid residue. Insulin analogs are also called "insulin receptor ligands". In particular, the term "derivative" refers to a polypeptide having a molecular structure that is derived formally from that of a naturally occurring peptide, such as the structure of human insulin, in which one or more organic substituents (e.g., fatty acids) are attached to one or more amino acids. Optionally, one or more amino acids found in the naturally occurring peptide may be deleted and / or substituted by other amino acids, including non-codable amino acids, or amino acids, including non-codable amino acids, may be added to the naturally occurring peptide.

[0049] Examples of insulin analogues include Gly(A21),Arg(B31),Arg(B32) human insulin (insulin glargine); Lys(B3),Glu(B29) human insulin (insulin glulisine); Lys(B28),Pro(B29) human insulin (insulin lispro); Asp(B28) human insulin (insulin aspart); human insulin in which the proline at position B28 is replaced by Asp, Lys, Leu, Val, or Ala and in position B29, Lys is replaced by Pro; Ala(B26) human insulin; Des(B28-B30) human insulin; Des(B27) human insulin and Des(B30) human insulin.

[0050] Examples of insulin derivatives include, for example, B29-N-myristoyl-des(B30) human insulin; Lys(B29)(N-tetradecanoyl)-des(B30) human insulin; Triinsulin (insulin detemir, Levemir®), B29-N-palmitoyl-des(B30) human insulin; B29-N-myristoyl human insulin; B29-N-palmitoyl human insulin; B28-N-myristoyl-LysB28ProB29 human insulin; B28-N-palmitoyl-LysB28ProB29 human insulin; B30-N-myristoyl-ThrB29LysB30 human insulin; B30-N-palmitoyl-ThrB29LysB30 human insulin; B29-N-(N-palmitoyl-γ-glutamyl)-des(B30) human insulin; B29-N-ω-carboxyheptadecanoyl-γ-L-glutamyl-des(B30) human insulin (insulin degludec, Tresiba®), B29-N-(N-lithocholyl-γ-glutamyl)-des(B30) human insulin; B29-N-(ω-carboxyheptadecanoyl)-des(B30) human insulin, and B29-N-(ω-carboxyheptadecanoyl) human insulin.

[0051] Examples of GLP-1, GLP-1 analogs and GLP-1 receptor agonists include, for example, lixisenatide (Lyxumia®), exenatide (exendin-4, Dyetta®, Bydureon®, a 39 amino acid peptide produced by the salivary glands of the Gila monster), liraglutide (Victoza®), semaglutide, taspoglutide, albiglutide (Syncria®), dulaglutide (Trulicity®), rexendin-4, CJC-1134-PC, PB-1023, TTP-054, laxative, cefotaxime ... These include ngrenatide / HM-11260C, CM-3, GLP-1 Eligen, ORMD-0901, NN-9924, NN-9926, NN-9927, Nodexen, Viador-GLP-1, CVX-096, ZYOG-1, ZYD-1, GSK-2374697, DA-3091, MAR-701, MAR709, ZP-2929, ZP-3022, TT-401, BHM-034, MOD-6030, CAM-2036, DA-15864, ARI-2651, ARI-2255, Exenatide-XTEN, and Glucagon-Xten.

[0052] Examples of oligonucleotides include, for example: mipomersen sodium (Kynamro®), a cholesterol-lowering antisense therapeutic for the treatment of familial hypercholesterolemia.

[0053] Examples of DPP4 inhibitors include vildagliptin, sitagliptin, denagliptin, saxagliptin, and berberine.

[0054] Examples of hormones include pituitary or hypothalamic hormones or regulatory active peptides and their antagonists, such as gonadotropins (follitropin, lutropin, chorion gonadotropin, menotropin), somatropin (somatropin), desmopressin, terlipressin, gonadorelin, triptorelin, leuprorelin, buserelin, nafarelin, and goserelin.

[0055] Examples of polysaccharides include glycosaminoglycans, hyaluronic acid, heparin, low molecular weight heparin, or very low molecular weight heparin, or derivatives thereof, or sulfated forms of the above polysaccharides, such as polysulfated forms, and / or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. An example of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of polysulfated low molecular weight heparin is enoxaparin sodium. Examples of hyaluronic acid derivatives include Hylan G-F20 (Synvisc®), sodium hyaluronate.

[0056] As used herein, the term "antibody" refers to an immunoglobulin molecule or an antigen-binding portion thereof. Examples of antigen-binding portions of immunoglobulin molecules include those that retain the ability to bind antigens. Included are F(ab) and F(ab')2 fragments. Antibodies can be polyclonal, monoclonal, recombinant, chimeric, non-immunoglobulin or humanized, fully human, non-human (e.g., murine), or single chain antibodies. In some embodiments, the antibody has effector function and can fix complement. In some embodiments, the antibody has reduced or no ability to bind Fc receptors. For example, the antibody can be an isotype or subtype, an antibody fragment or variant that does not support binding to Fc receptors, e.g., has a mutated or deleted Fc receptor binding region. The term antibody also includes antibody binding molecules based on tetravalent bispecific tandem immunoglobulins (TBTI) and / or dual variable region antibody-like binding proteins (CODV) with cross-linking region orientation.

[0057] The term "fragment" or "antibody fragment" refers to a polypeptide derived from an antibody polypeptide molecule (e.g., antibody heavy and / or light chain polypeptides) that does not include the full-length antibody polypeptide, but still includes at least a portion of the full-length antibody polypeptide that can bind to an antigen. An antibody fragment can include a truncated portion of a full-length antibody polypeptide, but the term is not limited to such truncated fragments. Antibody fragments that are useful in the present disclosure include, for example, Fab fragments, F(ab')2 fragments, scFv (single-chain Fv) fragments, linear antibodies, monospecific antibody fragments, or multispecific antibody fragments such as bispecific, trispecific, tetraspecific and multispecific antibodies (e.g., diabodies, triabodies, tetrabodies), monovalent antibody fragments, or multivalent antibody fragments such as bivalent, trivalent, tetravalent and multivalent antibodies, minibodies, chelating recombinant antibodies, tribodies or bibodies, intrabodies, nanobodies, small modular immunopharmaceuticals (SMIPs), binding domain immunoglobulin fusion proteins, camelized antibodies, and VHH-containing antibodies. Further examples of antigen-binding antibody fragments are known in the art.

[0058] The term "complementarity determining region" or "CDR" refers to short polypeptide sequences in the variable regions of both heavy and light chain polypeptides that are primarily responsible for mediating specific antigen recognition. The term "framework region" refers to amino acid sequences in the variable regions of both heavy and light chain polypeptides that are not CDR sequences, but are primarily responsible for maintaining the correct positioning of CDR sequences to allow antigen binding. Although framework regions themselves are usually not directly involved in antigen binding, as is known in the art, certain residues in the framework regions of a particular antibody may be directly involved in antigen binding or may affect the ability of one or more amino acids in the CDRs to interact with the antigen.

[0059] Exemplary antibodies include anti-PCSK-9 mAb (eg, alirocumab), anti-IL-6 mAb (eg, sarilumab), and anti-IL-4 mAb (eg, dupilumab).

[0060] Pharmaceutically acceptable salts of any of the APIs described herein are also contemplated for use in the drug delivery device. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, for example, acid addition salts and base salts.

[0061] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications (addition and / or deletion) of the various components of the APIs, formulations, devices, methods, systems and embodiments described herein may be made without departing from the full scope and spirit of the present disclosure, and that the present disclosure encompasses all such modifications and any and all equivalents thereof.

[0062] Several embodiments of the present disclosure have been described. Nevertheless, it will be understood that various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. Accordingly, other implementations are within the scope of the following claims.

Claims

1. A module (105, 200) for attachment to an injection device (102), comprising: A housing (129) configured to be attached to a surface of the injection device (102); one or more sensors (122, 202) mounted in the housing (129), each sensor configured to generate a respective sensor signal based on a determination of at least one of an environmental condition or a characteristic associated with the injection device (102) or associated with a medicament within the injection device (102); an energy harvester (126, 232, 222) configured to harvest energy in response to receiving a trigger, the trigger including a priming operation performed on the injection device (102) and an interrogation signal received from an external device, the energy harvester (126, 232, 222) configured to harvest energy from the priming operation and from at least one of a radio frequency signal (RF) received from the external device or an electromagnetic field detected by the energy harvester; a control component (124, 208, 218) connected to the one or more sensors (122, 202), the control component (124, 208, 218) being powered by the harvested energy and configured to process each of the one or more sensor signals and generate injection device data; an antenna (128, 216) connected to the control component (124, 208, 218) and configured to transmit a radio frequency (RF) signal based on the injection device data; The control component (218) further comprises: determining whether the harvested energy is sufficient to power one or more additional components of the module (105, 200); configured to obtain supplemental energy from at least one of a rechargeable battery, a capacitor (226) and an intermediate energy storage device (228) if it is determined that the harvested energy is not sufficient to power one or more additional components; The module (105, 200).

2. The module (105, 200) of claim 1, further comprising a transceiver (212) configured to enable transmission of injection device data to an antenna (128, 216).

3. The module (105, 200) of claim 1 or 2, wherein a priming operation of the injection device (102) comprises displacement of one of the injection button (120), the plunger head (109) and the plunger rod (118) of the injection device (102).

4. The module (105, 200) of any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a boost converter (234) configured to increase a voltage level of energy provided by the energy harvester (126, 232, 222) before the energy is used by the module.

5. The module (105, 200) of any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising an integrated voltage regulator (236) configured to regulate the voltage level produced by the boost converter (234).

6. The module (105, 200) of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the sensor (122, 202) comprises a fill level sensor, and the module further comprises at least one of a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, or a light intensity sensor.

7. The module (105, 200) of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the sensor (122, 202) is configured to generate the sensor signal using ultra-low power.

8. The module (105, 200) of claim 7, wherein the ultra-low power is in the range of about 50 nW to about 1 μW.

9. The module of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the one or more additional components include at least one sensor of the one or more sensors, an antenna, or both an antenna and at least one sensor.

10. The module of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the characteristics relating to the drug or injection device include at least one of the following: amount of drug administered, amount of drug in the injection device, drug temperature, timestamp of drug administration, or injection device position data.

11. The module (105, 200) of any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the energy harvester (126, 222, 232) comprises at least one of a moving magnet, a piezoelectric crystal, or a charge pump.

12. An injection device (102) comprising: one or more sensors (122, 202), each configured to generate a respective sensor signal based on a determination of at least one of an environmental condition or a characteristic associated with the injection device (102) or associated with a medicament within the injection device (102); An energy harvester (126, 232, 222) configured to harvest energy in response to receiving a trigger, the trigger including a priming operation performed on the injection device (102) and an interrogation signal received from an external device, and to harvest energy from at least one of the priming operation and a radio frequency signal (RF) received from the external device or an electromagnetic field detected by the energy harvester. the energy harvester (126, 232, 222) configured to harvest energy; a control component (124, 208, 218) electrically connected to the one or more sensors (122, 202), the control component (124, 208, 218) being powered by the harvested energy and configured to process each of the one or more sensor signals and generate injection device data; an antenna (128, 216) electrically connected to the control component (124, 208, 218) and configured to transmit a radio frequency (RF) signal based on the injection device data; Including, The control component (218) further comprises: determining whether the harvested energy is sufficient to power one or more additional components of the module (105, 200); configured to obtain supplemental energy from at least one of a rechargeable battery, a capacitor (226) and an intermediate energy storage device (228) if it is determined that the harvested energy is not sufficient to power one or more additional components; The injection device (102).

13. An injection device (102) as described in claim 12, comprising a transceiver (212) configured to enable transmission of injection device data to an antenna (128, 216).

14. An injection device (102) according to claim 12 or 13, wherein a priming operation of the injection device (102) comprises a displacement of one of an injection button (120) and a piston of the injection device (102).

15. The injection device (102) according to any one of claims 12 to 14, further comprising a boost converter (234) configured to increase a voltage level of the energy supplied by the energy harvester (126, 232, 222).

16. An injection device (102) according to any one of claims 12 to 15, wherein the energy harvester (126, 222, 232) comprises at least one of a moving magnet, a piezoelectric crystal or a charge pump.

17. A medication injection system (100) comprising: An injection device (102), the injection device comprising: one or more sensors (122, 202), each configured to generate a respective sensor signal based on a determination of at least one of an environmental condition or a characteristic associated with the injection device (102) or associated with a medicament within the injection device (102); an energy harvester (126, 232, 222) configured to harvest energy in response to receiving a trigger, the trigger including a priming operation performed on the injection device (102) and an interrogation signal received from an external device, the energy harvester (126, 232, 222) configured to harvest energy from the priming operation and from at least one of a radio frequency signal (RF) received from the external device or an electromagnetic field detected by the energy harvester; a control component (124, 208, 218) electrically connected to the one or more sensors (122, 202), the control component (124, 208, 218) being powered by the harvested energy and configured to process each of the one or more sensor signals and generate injection device data; an antenna (128, 216) electrically connected to the control component (124, 208, 218) and configured to transmit a radio frequency (RF) signal based on the injection device data; and an external device (104) configured to receive the RF signal transmitted by said antenna (128, 216); Including, The control component (218) further comprises: determining whether the harvested energy is sufficient to power one or more additional components of the module (105, 200); configured to obtain supplemental energy from at least one of a rechargeable battery, a capacitor (226) and an intermediate energy storage device (228) if it is determined that the harvested energy is not sufficient to power one or more additional components; The drug injection system.

18. 20. The medication injection system of claim 17, wherein the energy harvester comprises at least one of a moving magnet, a piezoelectric crystal, or a charge pump.

Images