Battery system, and energy storage system and automobile including said battery system

Abstract

A battery system according to one embodiment of the present invention includes a plurality of battery packs, a duct configured to be in communication with the interior of each of the plurality of battery packs, and a cooling fan connected to the duct and configured to be capable of both forward and reverse rotation.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a battery system, and an energy storage system (ESS) and a vehicle including the battery system.

[0002] This application claims priority to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2021-0184404 filed on December 21, 2021, and Korean Patent Application No. 10-2021-0187683 filed on December 24, 2021, and the contents disclosed in the specification and drawings of said applications are incorporated herein in their entirety. [Background technology]

[0003] Battery packs applied to automobiles, ESSs, etc. can be manufactured in a form including a plurality of battery modules using secondary batteries (e.g., lithium secondary batteries) that can realize high output and high capacity. In order to satisfy the output characteristics of the battery pack required by the device to which the battery pack is applied and to realize high capacity, the number of secondary batteries included in one battery module may be increased, and the number of battery modules included in one battery pack may be increased.

[0004] However, in the case of a battery pack including such a large number of secondary cells, the damage caused by a fire or explosion is inevitably greater.

[0005] Fires occurring in battery packs are caused by an abnormal rise in temperature and internal gas generation in the secondary battery disposed inside the battery module. When the temperature of the secondary battery rises abnormally and the internal pressure of the secondary battery rises above a certain level due to the generation of internal gas, venting occurs in the lithium secondary battery, which may cause high-temperature gas to be emitted outside the lithium secondary battery, and may also cause high-temperature sparks containing electrode active material and metal particles to be emitted.

[0006] To ensure the stability of the battery pack in use, when an incident occurs, the venting gas must be quickly discharged to the outside of the battery pack so that the internal pressure of the battery pack does not increase any further. However, if high-temperature sparks are discharged to the outside of the battery pack together with the venting gas, the venting gas, high-temperature sparks, and oxygen may encounter each other and cause a fire. In addition, if the venting gas and high-temperature sparks discharged to the outside of the battery pack flow into an adjacent battery pack, the thermal event may spread and cause even greater damage.

[0007] Therefore, it is desirable to develop a battery pack having a structure that can prevent the spread of fire-inducing substances to adjacent battery packs in the event of a thermal event in one of the battery packs, and that can prevent oxygen from flowing into the battery pack where the fire-inducing substances are present. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0008] The present invention has been devised in consideration of the above-mentioned circumstances, and aims to prevent a thermal event from spreading to adjacent battery packs by controlling the discharge direction of vent gas when a thermal event occurs in one of the battery packs in a battery system.

[0009] In another aspect, the present invention aims to prevent oxygen from flowing into a battery pack in the event of a thermal event occurring in one of the battery packs in a battery system.

[0010] In still another aspect, the present invention aims to effectively block the discharge of spark material to the outside of a battery pack when a thermal event occurs in some of the battery packs in a battery system.

[0011] However, the technical problems that the present invention aims to solve are not limited to the problems described above, and other problems not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the description of the invention described below. [Means for solving the problem]

[0012] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a battery system according to one embodiment of the present invention includes a plurality of battery packs, a duct configured to be in communication with the interior of each of the plurality of battery packs, and a cooling fan connected to the duct and configured to be capable of both forward and reverse rotation.

[0013] The forward rotation may be rotation in a direction that causes cooling air to flow into the interior of the plurality of battery packs through the duct, and the reverse rotation may be rotation in a direction that causes air inside the plurality of battery packs to be exhausted through the duct.

[0014] The cooling fan may be configured to perform the reversing when a thermal event is sensed in at least one of the plurality of battery packs.

[0015] The battery system may include a sensor configured to sense a thermal event when the thermal event occurs in at least one of the plurality of battery packs.

[0016] The sensor may be disposed in each of the plurality of battery packs.

[0017] Each of the plurality of battery packs may include a first opening connected to the duct and a second opening formed at a position different from the first opening.

[0018] The second opening may be configured to be opened when the cooling fan performs the forward rotation and to be closed when the cooling fan performs the reverse rotation.

[0019] The second openings provided in each of the plurality of battery packs may be configured to be able to be opened and closed independently of each other.

[0020] The battery system may be configured such that, when a thermal event occurs in at least one battery pack among the plurality of battery packs, the second opening provided in the battery pack where the thermal event occurred is closed, and the second openings provided in the remaining battery packs are maintained in an open state.

[0021] The battery system may include a plurality of filters disposed at respective connection sites between the plurality of battery packs and the duct.

[0022] Each of the plurality of filters may be configured to be openable and closable.

[0023] Each of the plurality of filters may be configured to be operable independently of each other.

[0024] The battery system may be configured such that, when a thermal event occurs in at least one battery pack among the plurality of battery packs, a filter among the plurality of filters arranged at a connection site between the battery pack where the thermal event occurred and the duct performs a closing operation, and the remaining filters perform an opening operation.

[0025] Meanwhile, an ESS according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the battery system according to an embodiment of the present invention as described above.

[0026] An automobile according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a battery system according to an embodiment of the present invention as described above. Effect of the Invention

[0027] According to one aspect of the present invention, when a thermal event occurs in one of the battery packs in a battery system, the direction of exhaust of vent gas can be controlled to effectively prevent the thermal event from spreading to adjacent battery packs.

[0028] According to another aspect of the present invention, when a thermal event occurs in one of the battery packs in a battery system, oxygen can be effectively prevented from flowing into the battery pack in question.

[0029] According to yet another aspect of the present invention, when a thermal event occurs in one of the battery packs in a battery system, it is possible to effectively prevent spark material from being discharged to the outside of the battery pack.

[0030] However, the advantageous effects derived through the present invention are not limited to the above-mentioned effects, and other advantageous effects not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the description of the invention described below.

[0031] The drawings attached to this specification are intended to illustrate preferred embodiments of the present invention and serve to facilitate a further understanding of the technical ideas of the present invention as well as the content of the invention, and therefore the present invention should not be interpreted as being limited to only the matters depicted in the drawings. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0032] [Figure 1] 1 is a conceptual diagram showing a battery system according to an embodiment of the present invention; [Diagram 2] 2 is a diagram showing the air flow when a cooling fan rotates in a forward direction in the battery system shown in FIG. 1. FIG. [Diagram 3] 2 is a diagram showing the air flow when a cooling fan rotates in a forward direction in the battery system shown in FIG. 1. FIG. [Figure 4]2 is a diagram showing the air flow when a cooling fan rotates in a reverse direction in the battery system shown in FIG. 1. FIG. [Diagram 5] 2 is a diagram showing the air flow when a cooling fan rotates in a reverse direction in the battery system shown in FIG. 1. FIG. [Figure 6] FIG. 2 illustrates an embodiment in which a sensor for detecting a thermal event is provided in the battery system shown in FIG. 1. [Figure 7] FIG. 2 illustrates an embodiment in which a sensor for detecting a thermal event is provided in the battery system shown in FIG. 1. [Figure 8] 1A and 1B are diagrams illustrating an embodiment in which a first opening and a second opening are provided in a battery pack of the present invention. [Figure 9] 11A and 11B are diagrams for explaining the opening and closing of the second opening portion in accordance with forward and reverse rotation of the cooling fan. [Figure 10] 11A and 11B are diagrams for explaining the opening and closing of the second opening portion in accordance with forward and reverse rotation of the cooling fan. [Figure 11] 13A and 13B are diagrams showing an embodiment in which second opening portions provided in each of a plurality of battery packs are configured to be opened and closed independently. [Figure 12] 13 is a diagram showing an embodiment in which a filter is provided at a connection portion between a battery pack and a duct in the battery system of the present invention. FIG. [Figure 13] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of the arrangement position of the filter shown in FIG. 12. [Figure 14] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of the arrangement position of the filter shown in FIG. 12. [Figure 15] FIG. 13 shows an embodiment in which the filter shown in FIG. 12 is configured to be openable and closable. [Figure 16] FIG. 13 shows an embodiment in which the filter shown in FIG. 12 is configured to be openable and closable. [Figure 17] 11A to 11C are diagrams for explaining the opening and closing of the filter and the second opening portion in a normal state and when a thermal event occurs. [Figure 18]11A to 11C are diagrams for explaining the opening and closing of the filter and the second opening portion in a normal state and when a thermal event occurs. [Figure 19] FIG. 1 illustrates an energy storage system (ESS) according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 20] FIG. 1 illustrates a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0033] Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings. Prior to this, the terms and words used in this specification and claims are not to be construed as being limited to their ordinary or dictionary meanings, but are to be construed as being in accordance with the meaning and concept of the technical idea of ​​the present invention, in accordance with the principle that the inventor himself can appropriately define the concept of the term in order to best describe the invention. Therefore, it should be understood that the embodiment described in this specification and the configuration shown in the drawings are merely the most preferred embodiment of the present invention, and do not represent the entire technical idea of ​​the present invention, and therefore there may be various equivalents and modifications that can be substituted therefor at the time of this application.

[0034] 1 to 5, a battery system 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention may include a battery pack 10, a duct 20, and a cooling fan 30. A plurality of battery packs 10 may be provided. The duct 20 may be configured to communicate with the interiors of each of the plurality of battery packs 10. The cooling fan 30 may be connected to the duct 20 and configured to be capable of both forward and reverse rotation.

[0035] The battery system 1 having the above-mentioned configuration can adjust the direction of air circulation by adjusting the rotation direction of the cooling fan 30. According to the configuration of the battery system 1, when the battery system 1 is in a normal state, air can be smoothly supplied to the plurality of battery packs 10. Meanwhile, according to the configuration of the battery system 1, when a thermal event occurs in the battery system 1, a fluid flow is generated in a direction from the plurality of battery packs 10 toward the outside of the battery system 1, thereby preventing the thermal event occurring in some of the battery packs 10 from spreading to the remaining battery packs 10.

[0036] Meanwhile, the battery system 1 may include a battery housing 40 configured to accommodate the battery pack 10. The battery housing 40 may be configured to accommodate the duct 20 and / or the cooling fan 30 in addition to the battery pack 10. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the duct 20 and / or the cooling fan 30 may be partially or entirely exposed to the outside of the battery housing 40. The battery housing 40 may be, for example, a battery rack configured to stack a plurality of battery packs 10 in layers. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the battery housing 40 may have different shapes depending on the purpose, required capacity, output, etc. of the battery system 1 of the present invention.

[0037] The forward rotation of the cooling fan 30 may refer to rotation in a direction in which cooling air flows into each of the battery packs 10 through the duct 20. Meanwhile, the reverse rotation of the cooling fan 30 may refer to rotation in a direction in which air inside the battery packs 10 is exhausted through the duct 20. Thus, the cooling fan 30 may be configured to rotate in the forward direction when the battery system 1 is in a normal state. The cooling fan 30 may be configured to rotate in the reverse direction when a thermal event is detected in at least one of the battery packs 10.

[0038] Meanwhile, the cooling fan 30 may be driven manually or automatically. For example, an operator or user may manually control the rotation direction of the cooling fan 30 when a thermal event is detected. Alternatively, when a thermal event is detected via a sensor 50 (see FIGS. 6 and 7) described below, the rotation of the cooling fan 30 may be controlled based on a detection signal. For example, the battery system 1 may include a controller (not shown), and the controller may output a drive control signal for the cooling fan 30 based on a signal detected by the sensor 50, thereby driving the cooling fan 30.

[0039] The battery system 1 may be configured such that fluid circulation between the cooling fan 30 and the battery packs 10 occurs only through the duct 20. For example, the duct 20 may include a plurality of branch portions 21 configured to be communicated with the interiors of the respective battery packs 10, and a main stream portion 22 configured to connect the plurality of branch portions 21 and the cooling fan 30, as shown in FIG.

[0040] According to the battery system 1 of the present invention configured in this manner, the cooling air supplied into the battery system 1 through the cooling fan 30 can be supplied to the battery packs 10, so that efficient cooling can be performed without providing a cooling fan for each battery pack 10 individually. According to another aspect of the battery system 1 of the present invention configured in this manner, a fluid exhaust pressure can be formed in a direction from the battery packs 10 toward the cooling fan 30. This can prevent a phenomenon in which high-temperature venting gas and / or high-temperature spark material generated by a thermal event in some battery packs 10 flows into the other battery packs 10 while moving in the duct 20. According to still another aspect of the battery system 1 of the present invention configured in this manner, when a thermal event occurs in at least one battery pack 10 among the battery packs 10, a flow of fluid to the outside of the battery system 1 can be created so that oxygen does not flow into the battery system 1 where the high-temperature venting gas and / or high-temperature spark material exists. This can prevent the high-temperature venting gas and / or high-temperature spark material from encountering oxygen and meeting the conditions for ignition. The spark material may include, for example, electrode active material and / or metal fragments that are expelled through a vent due to an increase in internal pressure of the battery cell.

[0041] Meanwhile, referring to FIGS. 3 and 5, a battery pack 10 of the present invention may include a battery module 11 and a pack cover 12 configured to house the battery module 11.

[0042] The battery module 11 may be provided in a plurality of units. The battery module 11 may include a battery cell (not shown) and a module cover. The battery cell may be provided in a plurality of units. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the module unit may be omitted, and a plurality of battery cells may be directly accommodated in the pack cover. The pack cover 12 may have an opening. The duct 20 may be in communication with the internal space of the pack cover 12 through the opening.

[0043] 6, the battery system 1 of the present invention may include a sensor 50. The sensor 50 may be configured to detect a thermal event when the thermal event occurs in at least one of the battery packs 10. The sensor 50 may be configured to detect, for example, temperature and / or gas and / or smoke due to a fire.

[0044] When the battery system 1 of the present invention includes the sensor 50 capable of detecting a thermal event, the occurrence of the thermal event can be detected quickly. Therefore, the rotation direction of the cooling fan 30 can be adjusted to reverse in response to the occurrence of the thermal event, thereby preventing the diffusion of the thermal event to adjacent battery packs 10 and the inflow of oxygen into the battery pack 10 where the thermal event has occurred.

[0045] 7, the sensor 50 may be provided in a plurality of sensors, each of which may be configured to independently sense a thermal event occurring in each of the plurality of battery packs 10. For example, the sensors 50 may be provided in at least as many or even more than the number of battery packs 10. In this case, at least one sensor 50 may be provided for each individual battery pack 10.

[0046] As described above, when the battery system 1 of the present invention is configured to independently detect thermal events occurring in each of the multiple battery packs 10, appropriate measures, such as repairing or replacing the battery pack 10 in which a thermal event has occurred, can be taken.

[0047] 8 in conjunction with FIG 1, each of the plurality of battery packs 10 may include a first opening 10A and a second opening 10B. The first opening 10A may be connected to a duct 20. The second opening 10B may be formed at a position different from the first opening 10A.

[0048] When the battery pack 10 includes the second opening 10B in addition to the first opening 10A connected to the duct 20, the flow of fluid passing through the inside of the battery pack 10 becomes smooth.

[0049] The first opening 10A and the second opening 10B may be, for example, openings formed by partially penetrating the pack cover 12. The second opening 10B may be formed on the opposite side to the area where the first opening 10A is formed.

[0050] For example, the first open portion 10A may be provided at one end in an extension direction of a flow path formed between a plurality of battery modules 11 arranged in the pack cover 12 and one side of the pack cover 12. The second open portion 10B may be provided at the other end in an extension direction of a flow path formed between a plurality of battery modules 11 arranged in the pack cover 12 and the other side of the pack cover 12. In this case, the cooling air flowing in through the first open portion 10A may pass between adjacent battery modules 11 and be discharged to the outside of the battery pack 10 through the second open portion 10B.

[0051] 9 and 10 in conjunction with FIG. 1, the second opening 10B may be configured to be opened when the cooling fan 30 rotates forward and closed when the cooling fan 30 rotates reversely.

[0052] When the second opening 10B operates in this manner, not only can the inflow of cooling air caused by the cooling fan 30 rotating in the forward direction be made smoother, but also the phenomenon of oxygen flowing in through the second opening 10B of the battery pack 10 in the event of a thermal event caused by the cooling fan 30 rotating in the reverse direction can be prevented.

[0053] 11, the second opening 10B provided in each of the battery packs 10 may be configured to be able to be opened and closed independently of each other. With this configuration, the second opening 10B is controlled to be opened or closed depending on whether a thermal event has occurred in the battery pack 10, thereby effectively blocking oxygen from flowing into the battery pack 10 in which a thermal event has occurred while smoothly maintaining the overall flow of air discharged to the outside of the battery system 1.

[0054] For example, the battery system 1 may be configured such that, when a thermal event occurs in at least one battery pack 10 among the plurality of battery packs 10, the second opening 10B provided in the battery pack 10 in which the thermal event occurred is closed, and the second openings 10B provided in the remaining battery packs 10 are maintained in an open state. In this case, the second opening 10B of the battery pack 10 in which the thermal event occurred (the battery pack located at the top end in FIG. 11 ) is closed, so that it is possible to prevent oxygen from flowing in through the second opening 10B of the battery pack 10. In contrast, the second openings 10B of the remaining battery packs 10 in which no thermal event has occurred are maintained in an open state, so that the air flowing in through the second opening 10B can smoothly flow through the first opening 10A, the duct 20, and the cooling fan 30 in sequence. In this way, when sufficient air exhaust pressure is created to facilitate smooth air flow in one direction, the risk of vent gas and / or spark material exhausted from a battery pack 10 experiencing a thermal event flowing back into another battery pack 10 is minimized.

[0055] Meanwhile, the second opening portion 10B may be opened or closed by, for example, an opening / closing member disposed in the second opening portion 10B. The operation of the opening / closing member may be performed manually or automatically. For example, when a thermal event is detected, an operator or user may manually open the second opening portions 10B of all the battery packs 10, or may open only the second opening portion 10B of the battery pack 10 in which the thermal event is detected. Alternatively, when a thermal event is detected through a sensor 50 (see FIGS. 6 and 7), the opening or closing of the second opening portion 10B may be controlled based on a detection signal. For example, the battery system 1 may include a separate controller (not shown), and the controller may output a control signal for opening or closing the second opening portion 10B based on a signal detected by the sensor 50, thereby opening or closing the second opening portion 10B.

[0056] 12, the battery system 1 of the present invention may include a plurality of filters 60 disposed at each of the connection sites between the plurality of battery packs 10 and the duct 20. The filter 60 may be configured to allow the vent gas to pass and filter the spark material when the vent gas and spark material generated in the battery pack 10 in the event of a thermal event of the cooling fan 30 move toward the outside of the battery pack 10 due to the reverse rotation of the cooling fan 30. The filter 60 may be, for example, a mesh type filter.

[0057] When the battery system 1 of the present invention includes the filter 60 in this manner, it is possible to realize both a reduction in the internal pressure of the battery pack 10 due to the discharge of vent gas, and a reduction in the risk of fire due to the prevention of the discharge of sparking material. Furthermore, when the sparking material is filtered by the filter 60, the filter 60 becomes clogged over time, thereby reducing the possibility of oxygen flowing in when the discharge pressure of the vent gas is reduced, and the risk of fire and / or explosion inside the battery pack 10 can be significantly reduced.

[0058] The filter 60 may be provided in the battery pack 10 as shown in Fig. 13. The filter 60 may be configured to cover, for example, a first opening 10A formed in a pack cover 12 of the battery pack 10. Alternatively, the filter 60 may be provided in a duct 20 as shown in Fig. 14. The filter 60 may be provided in a branch portion 21 of the duct 20, for example.

[0059] 15 and 16, each of the filters 60 may be configured to be openable and closable. Each of the filters 60 may be configured to perform an opening operation (see FIG. 15) when the cooling fan 30 (see FIG. 12) rotates in the forward direction, and to perform a closing operation (see FIG. 16) when the cooling fan 30 rotates in the reverse direction. When the filter 60 performs an opening operation, the flow of cooling air into the battery pack 10 becomes smoother. When the filter 60 performs a closing operation, the vent gas generated inside the battery pack 10 in the event of a thermal event can be discharged to the outside through the duct 20, while the spark material can be filtered by the filter 60. As a result, the smoothness of the reduction in internal pressure is maintained, and the risk of fire can be significantly reduced by blocking the discharge of the spark material.

[0060] Meanwhile, the plurality of filters 60 arranged at the connection portion between the plurality of battery packs 10 and the duct 20 may be configured to operate independently of each other. The battery system 1 may be configured such that, for example, when a thermal event occurs in at least one of the plurality of battery packs 10, the filter 60 arranged at the connection portion between the battery pack 10 where the thermal event occurred and the duct 20 among the plurality of filters 60 performs a closing operation, and the remaining filters 60 perform an opening operation. When the battery system 1 is configured in this manner, filtering of spark material can be performed only in a required area while maintaining a high discharge pressure of the fluid.

[0061] Meanwhile, the opening and closing operation of the filter 60 as described above may be controlled manually or automatically. For example, an operator or user may manually open the filter 60 when a thermal event is detected. Alternatively, when a thermal event is detected via the sensor 50 (see FIGS. 6 and 7), a closing operation of all the filters 60 or a filter 60 disposed at a connection portion between the battery pack 10 where the thermal event occurred and the duct 20 may be performed based on a detection signal. The battery system 1 may include a controller (not shown), and the controller may output an operation control signal for the filter 60 based on a signal detected by the sensor 50, thereby allowing the filter 60 to operate.

[0062] 17 and 18, the filter 60 and an opening / closing member configured to open and close the second opening portion 10B may be configured to be linked to each other. For example, in the battery pack 10 in which a thermal event is not detected, the opening / closing member and the filter 60 may perform an opening operation, and in the battery pack 10 in which a thermal event is detected, the opening / closing member and the filter 60 may perform an opening operation.

[0063] When the filter 60 and the opening / closing member are both in an open state during air flow due to forward rotation of the cooling fan 30 (see FIG. 12), air flows smoothly through the battery pack 10, thereby improving cooling efficiency. When the filter 60 and the opening / closing member are both in a closed state during air discharge due to reverse rotation of the cooling fan 30 (see FIG. 12), oxygen can be prevented from flowing into the battery pack 10, vent gas can be smoothly discharged to the outside, and discharge of spark materials can be blocked.

[0064] Meanwhile, as described above, the cooling fan 30, the filter 60, and the opening / closing members configured to open and close the second opening portion 10B may be operated manually or automatically. When an automated system is applied, for example, the battery system 1 may include a control unit (not shown), and the control unit may output a control signal for controlling the operation of the cooling fan 30, the filter 60, and the opening / closing members of the second opening portion 10B based on a signal detected by the sensor 50, thereby interlocking the operations of each component.

[0065] 19, an energy storage system (ESS) 3 according to an embodiment of the present invention may include a battery system 1 according to the present invention. The ESS 3 may include, for example, a plurality of battery systems 1.

[0066] 20, an automobile 5 according to an embodiment of the present invention may include a battery system 1 according to the present invention. The automobile 5 may include, for example, a plurality of battery systems 1. The automobile 5 may be configured to operate by receiving power from the battery system 1. The automobile 5 may be, for example, an electric vehicle (EV) or a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV).

[0067] Although the present invention has been described above using limited embodiments and drawings, the technical concept of the present invention is in no way limited thereto, and it goes without saying that a person having ordinary knowledge in the technical field to which the present invention pertains can make various modifications and variations within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention and the equivalent scope of the claims. [Explanation of symbols]

[0068] 1 Battery System 3. Energy storage system (ESS) 5. Automobiles 10 Battery Pack 10A 1st open part 10B 2nd open section 11 Battery Module 12 pack cover 20 Duct 21 Branch Department 22 Mainstream Division 30 Cooling fan 40 Battery Housing 50 Sensors 60 Filters

Claims

1. Multiple battery packs; A duct configured to be in communication with an interior of each of the plurality of battery packs; A cooling fan connected to the duct and configured to be capable of both forward and reverse rotation; A battery system comprising: A battery system that, when a thermal event occurs in at least one battery pack among the plurality of battery packs, creates a fluid flow to the outside of the battery system so as to prevent oxygen from flowing into the battery pack where the thermal event occurs.

2. The forward rotation is a rotation in a direction that causes cooling air to flow into the interiors of the plurality of battery packs through the duct, The battery system according to claim 1 , wherein the reverse rotation is a rotation in a direction that causes air inside the plurality of battery packs to be discharged through the duct.

3. 3. The battery system of claim 2, wherein the cooling fan is configured to perform the reversal when the thermal event is sensed in the at least one battery pack of the plurality of battery packs.

4. 2. The battery system of claim 1, wherein the battery system includes a sensor configured to sense the thermal event when the thermal event occurs in the at least one battery pack of the plurality of battery packs.

5. The battery system according to claim 4 , wherein the sensor is provided in each of the plurality of battery packs.

6. Each of the plurality of battery packs includes: A first opening connected to the duct; A second opening portion formed at a position different from the first opening portion; The battery system of claim 1 .

7. A plurality of battery packs; A duct configured to be in communication with an interior of each of the plurality of battery packs; A cooling fan connected to the duct and configured to be capable of both forward and reverse rotation; Including, Each of the plurality of battery packs includes: A first opening connected to the duct; A second opening portion formed at a position different from the first opening portion; Including, The second opening is configured to be opened when the cooling fan performs the forward rotation and to be closed when the cooling fan performs the reverse rotation.

8. The battery system according to claim 6 , wherein the second openings provided in each of the plurality of battery packs are configured to be capable of being opened and closed independently of each other.

9. A plurality of battery packs; A duct configured to be in communication with an interior of each of the plurality of battery packs; A cooling fan connected to the duct and configured to be capable of both forward and reverse rotation; A battery system comprising: Each of the plurality of battery packs includes: A first opening connected to the duct; A second opening portion formed at a position different from the first opening portion; Including, The second openings provided in each of the plurality of battery packs are configured to be opened and closed independently of each other, The battery system is configured such that, when a thermal event occurs in at least one battery pack among the plurality of battery packs, the second opening provided in the battery pack in which the thermal event occurred is closed, and the second openings provided in the remaining battery packs are maintained in an open state.

10. The battery system according to claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of filters disposed at respective connection sites between the plurality of battery packs and the duct.

11. The battery system of claim 10 , wherein each of the plurality of filters is configured to be openable and closable.

12. The battery system of claim 11 , wherein each of the plurality of filters is configured to be operable independently of one another.

13. 13. The battery system according to claim 12, wherein, when the thermal event occurs in the at least one battery pack among the plurality of battery packs, a filter among the plurality of filters arranged at a connection site between the battery pack where the thermal event occurred and the duct performs a closing operation, and the remaining filters perform an opening operation.

14. 14. An energy storage system (ESS) comprising a battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 13.

15. A motor vehicle comprising a battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 13.

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