PORTABLE FUEL GAS SYSTEM, COMPUTER IMPLEMENTED METHOD, PROGRAM AND RECORDING MEDIUM

Abstract

To provide a computer-implemented method of supplying a fuel gas to a fueling system.SOLUTION: A portable fuel gas system 100 includes: a portable enclosure; a fuel gas supply manifold 158; a pressure control valve 122 kept in a fluidic communication state to the fuel gas supply manifold which has a first pressure zone and a second pressure zone separated from each other by the pressure control valve; and fuel gas shut-off valves 106, 130, 138a, 180a kept in a fluidic communication state to the fuel gas supply manifold and operable to control a flow of a fuel gas in the fuel gas supply manifold. The fuel gas supply manifold, the pressure control valve and the fuel gas shut-off valve are disposed in the portable enclosure.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] [CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 163,215, filed March 19, 2021, and entitled "Gaseous Fuel Supply System," and of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 051,240, filed July 13, 2020, and entitled "Hydrogen Fuel Cell Boat," all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. [Background technology]

[0002] Fuel cells can provide low or zero emission power for a variety of applications. Fuel cell systems may convert a gaseous fuel, such as hydrogen or a hydrocarbon such as methane, propane, natural gas, or the like, into electric power and exhaust products, such as water vapor or, in the case of hydrocarbon fuels, carbon dioxide. However, because gaseous fuels are compressible and can escape into the atmosphere, transferring gaseous fuels from, for example, a filling station or delivery vehicle to a vehicle powered by a fuel cell is more complicated than delivering liquid fuels such as gasoline. Improved methods for transferring gaseous fuels to vehicles powered by such fuels are desired. Summary of the Invention

[0003] A computer-implemented method is disclosed for supplying fuel gas to a fuel delivery system, wherein a processor is configured to control a plurality of valves in the fuel delivery system to allow or restrict gas flow to perform a plurality of operations, including a pre-fill passivation operation of the fuel delivery system, wherein the processor controls the plurality of valves to selectively fluidly connect a purge gas source to a fuel gas supply manifold of the fuel delivery system to supply purge gas to the fuel gas supply manifold and selectively fluidly connect the fuel gas supply manifold to a vent manifold, and wherein the plurality of operations includes a leak check operation for the fuel delivery system. When performing a leak check on the fuel delivery system, the processor controls the plurality of valves to supply the fuel gas to the fuel gas supply manifold by selectively fluidly connecting a fuel gas source to the fuel gas supply manifold. The method includes charging a pilot subsystem of the fuel delivery system with the fuel gas. When charging the pilot subsystem with the fuel gas, the processor controls the plurality of valves to selectively connect the fuel gas supply manifold to the pilot subsystem. The method includes filling the fuel delivery system with the fuel gas. When filling the fuel delivery system with the fuel gas, the processor controls the plurality of valves to selectively connect the fuel gas supply manifold to one or more fuel gas storage vessels to thereby flow the fuel gas from the fuel gas source to the one or more fuel gas storage vessels through the fuel delivery system.The method includes post-fill deactivating the fuel delivery system, wherein the processor controls the plurality of valves to selectively fluidly connect the purge gas source to the fuel gas supply manifold during post-fill deactivation of the fuel delivery system. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0004] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 shows an example of a fuel supply system.

[0005] [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 shows an example of a controller suitable for controlling the system shown in FIG.

[0006] [Diagram 3] FIG. 3 illustrates one example of a suitable method for preparing the system shown in FIG. 1 for receiving fuel gas.

[0007] [Figure 4] FIG. 4 illustrates a suitable method for removing air and / or fuel gas from the system shown in FIG.

[0008] [Diagram 5] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a method suitable for checking the system shown in FIG. 1 for fuel gas leaks.

[0009] [Figure 6] FIG. 6 shows an example of a suitable method for charging the pilot subsystem of the system shown in FIG.

[0010] [Figure 7] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a suitable method for filling a fuel gas storage vessel with fuel gas using the system illustrated in FIG.

[0011] [Figure 8]FIG. 8 illustrates one example of a suitable method for purging fuel gas from the system shown in FIG. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0012] The present disclosure relates to methods of using a fueling system to transfer fuel gas from a fuel supply to a vehicle powered by the fuel gas. In one exemplary embodiment, some of the methods disclosed herein may be used to transfer fuel from a fuel gas supply to an onboard fuel gas storage system on a boat. Some of the methods disclosed herein may also be used with a variety of fuel gas supplies, including tube trailers, ground-based pressurized storage, and the like. Some methods disclosed herein may be used to transfer fuel from a fuel gas supply to a fuel gas storage. In some embodiments, some methods disclosed herein may be used to transfer fuel from a fuel gas supply (e.g., a gas generator such as a pressurized vessel, compressor, electrolyzer, or reformer, or the like) to a vehicle. In some embodiments, some methods disclosed herein may be used to transfer fuel from a vehicle to a fuel gas supply.

[0013] In many embodiments, the fuel gas storage may be associated with or located in a vehicle, such as a boat, automobile, motorcycle, aircraft, or other vehicle. In some other embodiments, the fuel gas storage may be a stationary storage facility, such as associated with a fuel supply station for a vehicle. In some embodiments, stationary power systems and / or gas appliances may have on-site or integral fuel storage. In many embodiments, a fueling system may include one or more conduits suitable for containing a fuel gas. In many embodiments, the fuel gas is pressurized above ambient pressure. The conduits may be arranged into one or more pressure zones, e.g., a high pressure zone, a medium pressure zone, and a low pressure zone, each in fluid communication with one another. The fueling system may include pressure reducing devices between the zones. For example, the fueling system may include a pressure reducing valve between the high pressure zone and the medium pressure zone to reduce the pressure of the fuel gas as it flows from the high pressure zone to the medium pressure zone. Similarly, a pressure reducing valve may be disposed between the intermediate pressure zone and the low pressure zone to reduce the pressure of the fuel gas as it flows from the intermediate pressure zone to the low pressure zone.

[0014] One or more of the pressure zones may be in fluid communication with one or more fuel gas storage vessels that receive fuel gas from the fuel gas source via the fuel gas supply manifold. For example, a fuel gas storage vessel may receive fuel gas from the intermediate pressure zone. One or more of the pressure zones may be in fluid communication with a fuel gas end use device, such as a fuel cell, motor, engine, reformer, burner, or the like. For example, the low pressure zone may be in fluid communication with a fuel gas end use device such that the low pressure zone supplies the fuel gas to the end use device at an appropriate pressure and flow volume. In some embodiments, a fuel cell system may convert fuel gas in the fueling system into electrical energy that provides power to a propulsion system for a boat.

[0015] FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment of a fuel supply system 100 that may be used in some of the methods disclosed herein. The fuel supply system 100 may be configured to be releasably fluidly connected to a gas supply 102, such as one or more pressurized vessels. In the illustrated embodiment, the gas supply 102 is a tube trailer, such as one that is delivered to a site for supplying fuel to a vehicle via the fuel supply system 100. In some embodiments, the gas supply 102 may include a fuel gas generator, such as a reformer or an electrolyzer. In some embodiments, the gas supply may include a compressor. The fuel supply system 100 may include various process devices, such as a number of valves, a number of sensors, a number of filters, a number of conduits, and the like, which are described in more detail below.

[0016] As shown in Figure 2, the fuel delivery system 100 may be controlled by a processing element, such as a controller 200, such as a programmable logic controller (PLC). Figure 2 shows a simplified block diagram of the various devices (such as the processing elements) of the controller 200. As shown, the controller 200 may include one or more processing elements 202, an optional display 204, one or more memory components 206, a network interface 208, a power supply 210, and optional input / output I / O interfaces 212, where the various components may be directly connected to each other or indirectly connected to each other, for example, via one or more system buses, contact traces, electrical wiring, or wireless mechanisms.

[0017] The processing element(s) 202 may be substantially any electronic device capable of processing, receiving, and / or transmitting instructions. For example, the processing element 202 may be a microprocessor, a microcomputer, a graphics processing unit, or the like. It should be further noted that the processing element 202 may include one or more processing elements or one or more processing modules, which may or may not be connected to each other. For example, a first processing element may control a first set of components of the computing device, and a second processing element may control a second set of components of the computing device, where the first and second processing elements may or may not be connected to each other. In this regard, the processing elements may be configured to execute one or more instructions locally and in parallel with each other and / or across a network, e.g., using cloud computing resources.

[0018] Display 204 is optional and provides an input / output mechanism for some of the devices in controller 200, such as for displaying visual information (e.g., images, graphical user interfaces, videos, notifications, and the like) to a user, and in some specific examples, display 204 may also serve to receive user input (e.g., via a touch screen or the like). The display may be an LCD screen, plasma screen, LED screen, organic LED screen, or the like. The type and number of displays may vary depending on the type of device (e.g., smartphone vs. desktop computer, vs. PLC).

[0019] The memory components 206 store electronic data that may be used by the fuel delivery system 100, such as audio files, document files, programming instructions, and the like. The memory components 206 may be, for example, non-volatile storage, magnetic storage media, optical storage media, magneto-optical storage media, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), programmable erasable memory, flash memory, or a combination of one or more types of memory components. The memory components are optionally linked to each other (e.g., connected to each other and / or to other aforementioned computing devices) via a cloud network or the like via a network interface 208.

[0020] The network interface 208 transmits and receives data to the network, which in turn transmits and receives data to the various devices of the fuel delivery system 100. The network interface 208 may transmit and send data directly or indirectly to the devices of the fuel delivery system 100. For example, the networking / communication interface (e.g., the network interface 208) may transmit and receive data to other computing devices over a network, e.g., RS-232, DH-485, CANBUS, MODBUS, Ethernet, Wi-Fi, Wi-Max, Bluetooth, ZigBee, or other suitable wired or wireless network. In some embodiments, the network interface may further include various modules, e.g., application program interfaces (APIs), that interface and translate certain requests over the network.

[0021] The controller 200 may include a power source 210 that provides power to various components of the controller 200 and, optionally, some of the components of the fuel delivery system 100. The power source 210 may include one or more rechargeable, disposable, or hardwire sources, such as batteries, power cords, AC / DC inverters, DC / DC converters, fuel cells, or the like. Additionally, the power source 210 may include one or more types of connectors or components that provide different types of power to the various devices of the fuel delivery system 100 or the controller 200. In some implementations, power source 210 may have a connector (e.g., a universal serial bus) that provides power to the computer or a battery therein and also transmits data to and from the device (e.g., a device in fuel delivery system 100) and in turn transmits data to and from other devices (e.g., other devices in fuel delivery system 100).

[0022] The optional input / output interface (I / O interface) 212 allows the controller 200 to receive input from a user and provide output to a user. For example, the I / O interface 212 may include a capacitive touch screen, a keyboard, a mouse, a stylus, or the like. The types of devices that interact via the I / O interface 212 may vary as desired.

[0023] Returning to FIG. 1 , the fuel supply system 100 may include one or more breakaway couplings, such as breakaway coupling 104 and / or breakaway coupling 114. The breakaway couplings 104 and / or breakaway coupling 114 may be suitable to stop the flow of gas in a conduit should the conduit rupture under pressure or be otherwise accidentally disconnected.

[0024] Fuel delivery system 100 may include one or more check valves, such as fuel gas check valve 120, fuel gas check valve 134, purge gas check valve 112, or the like. A check valve may operate to permit gas to flow through it in one direction but substantially prevent gas from flowing through it in the reverse direction.

[0025] The fuel delivery system 100 may include one or more on / off or shutoff valves. The shutoff valves may be manually operated or, in many implementations, may be automatically actuated by an actuator. A shutoff valve allows gas to flow through it when it is open and substantially prevents gas from flowing through it when it is closed. The fuel delivery system 100 may include one or more manually operated on / off shutoff valves, such as a fuel gas supply shutoff valve 106, a fuel gas shutoff valve 130, a block valve 138a, and a fuel gas storage isolation valve 180a. The fuel supply system 100 may have one or more automatically actuated shutoff valves, such as a fuel gas shutoff valve 132a, a purge gas vent valve 108a, a purge gas supply valve 110a, a pilot subsystem shutoff valve 146a, a fuel storage vessel shutoff valve 176a, and a purge gas shutoff valve 148a.

[0026] The shutoff valves may have respective actuators, such as fuel gas shutoff valve actuator 132b, purge gas vent valve actuator 108b, purge gas supply valve actuator 110b, pilot subsystem shutoff valve actuator 146b, fuel storage container shutoff valve actuator 176b, block valve actuator 138b, fuel gas storage isolation valve actuator 180b, and / or purge gas shutoff valve actuator 148b. In many embodiments, the actuators may be hydraulic devices (e.g., powered by compressed gas such as air, nitrogen, or the like) that open or close the respective valves corresponding to the actuators in an actuated state. In other embodiments, the actuators may be hydraulically powered, electrically powered, or the like. Any actuator may have or be associated with a position indicator that indicates the position of the valve actuated by the actuator. In some embodiments, the position indicator may be a limit switch, proximity switch, or the like, in electrical communication with a processing element of controller 200 (such as processing element 202) and operative to indicate the valve position to the processing element.In some embodiments, a position indicator may indicate the valve position to a user of the fuel delivery system 100, for example, by using a flag or other visual indicator to visually indicate the valve position. Any of the valves described herein may be automatic valves actuated by an actuator controlled by a processing element. The position of any of the valves described herein may be indicated by a position indicator, which may be associated with an actuator (e.g., an actuator that acts on a valve whose actuated position is indicated by the position indicator, any actuator used in the fuel delivery system 100, etc.) or may be a device independent of the actuator.

[0027] The fuel supply system 100 may include one or more pressure control valves. The pressure control valves may be configured to regulate the pressure of the fuel gas upstream or downstream of the pressure control valve. For example, the fuel supply system 100 may include several pressure control valves in the form of a purge gas forward pressure regulator 142, a fuel gas regulator (first stage) 122, and / or a fuel gas regulator (second stage) 140. The regulators may be forward pressure regulators that regulate the pressure of the fuel gas at the outlet or downstream of the pressure control valve. In some embodiments, the pressure control valves may be backpressure regulators that regulate the pressure of the fuel gas at the upstream or inlet of the pressure control valve. Any of the pressure control valves described herein may be set manually or automatically. For example, a pressure control valve may be an I / P controller, a V / P controller, or the like that receives an electrical input signal from a processing element (such as processing element 202) and controls the pressure upstream or downstream of the pressure control valve. In some embodiments, some pressure control valves may be manually set, such as via a bias spring or a pilot regulator.

[0028] The fuel supply system 100 may include one or more fuel gas storage vessels 166. Each fuel gas storage vessel 166 may be any suitable container that contains the fuel gas at a desired pressure. In some embodiments, one or more of the fuel gas storage vessels 166 may be a metal (usually steel or aluminum, but may be other metals and / or alloys) pressure vessel (commonly referred to as a Type I vessel). In some embodiments, one or more of the fuel gas storage vessels 166 may be a metal pressure vessel (e.g., aluminum) wrapped around its periphery with a fiber reinforced composite (e.g., fiberglass, aramid fiber, or carbon fiber held within a matrix) (e.g., a Type II vessel). In some embodiments, one or more of the fuel gas storage vessels 166 may have a metallic liner (e.g., aluminum or steel) surrounded by a fiber-reinforced composite material (e.g., a Type III vessel). In some embodiments, one or more of the fuel gas storage vessels 166 may have a polymeric liner (e.g., thermoplastic) surrounded by a fiber-reinforced composite material (e.g., a Type IV vessel). In various embodiments, the fuel gas storage vessels 166 may be suitable for containing fuel gas at nominal pressures of 250-bar, 350-bar, 500-bar, or 700-bar. The fuel gas may be added to or removed from the fuel gas storage vessels 166 as needed.In some embodiments, some of the fuel gas storage vessels 166 and pilot subsystems that are part of the fuel supply system 100 may be optional. For example, the fuel supply system 100 may be used to supply the fuel gas from the fuel gas source 102 to a fuel consumption device without storing the fuel gas.

[0029] In some examples, the fuel gas storage vessel 166 may be suitable for containing a solid state storage medium, such as a metal hydride. The solid storage medium may store a fuel gas, such as hydrogen, reversibly, non-flammable, and at low pressure (e.g., about 70-about 100 bar), and may have certain specific advantages over some of the conventional pressure vessels described above. For example, due to the generally low pressures involved, as described above, the wall thickness of the vessel containing the solid storage medium may be thinner and less expensive than the wall thickness of conventional pressure vessels. Furthermore, the vessel containing the solid storage medium may be made more flexible or otherwise adaptable in shape relative to conventional pressure vessels, which are generally cylindrical or spherical due to the stresses imposed on their walls by the high pressure gas contained therein. Some exemplary solid storage media capable of accommodating fuel gases such as hydrogen include destabilized hydrides (e.g., LiBH4 / MgF2 (a mixture of LiBH4 and MgF2, etc.), anionic materials (Mg(BH4)2), amide / imide (a mixture of amide and imide, etc.) materials (e.g., 2LiNH2+ MgH2), and alane (aluminum hydride). Other solid storage materials are described in L. Klebanoff & J. Keller, Final Report for the DOE Metal Hydride Center of Excellence (Sandia National Laboratories, SAND2012-0786, Feb. 2012), which is incorporated herein by reference for any purpose.

[0030] The fuel supply system 100 is configured to determine the physical properties of the fuel gas, the ambient conditions, The The fuel supply system 100 may include one or more sensors that detect the condition of the environment surrounding the fuel supply system 100 and / or the condition of the aforementioned components of the fuel supply system 100. Some sensors may detect a property such as pressure or temperature. For example, the fuel supply system 100 may include one or more transmitters, such as a fuel gas supply pressure transmitter 116, a fuel gas first stage pressure transmitter 136, a fuel gas supply pressure transmitter 118, and / or a storage pressure transmitter 174. Similarly, the fuel supply system 100 may include one or more temperature transmitters, such as a fuel gas storage temperature transmitter 178.

[0031] Some sensors (transmitters, transducers, etc.) may convert the detected physical characteristic into an electrical signal suitable for receipt by the controller 200 or other suitable control system. For example, the sensors may convert the detected physical characteristic into an analog signal, such as a current signal (e.g., a signal representing a current value in the range of 4 mA to 20 mA, or the like) or a voltage signal (e.g., a voltage value in the range of 0 V to 5 V, a voltage value in the range of 0 V to 10 V, or the like). In some implementations, the sensors may convert the detected physical characteristic into a digital signal, such as a digital signal having an RS-232, DH-485, CANBUS, MODBUS, Ethernet, or other suitable form. Either the digital signal or the analog signal may be transmitted by wire or wirelessly.

[0032] The fuel supply system 100 may include one or more filters, such as filter 124. A filter may be any device that allows fuel gas to pass through it but prevents or traps particulate or liquid matter. The fuel supply system 100 may include other filters as needed.

[0033] The fuel supply system 100 may include one or more pressure relief valves. A pressure relief valve may be any device that relieves fuel gas from a conduit or vessel when the pressure of the fuel gas exceeds a set point pressure level. The relieved fuel gas may be vented to the atmosphere. In some implementations, a pressure relief valve may release the fuel gas when the pressure and temperature of the fuel gas exceed respective thresholds. For example, the fuel supply system 100 may include a purge gas pressure relief valve 150 and / or a fuel gas pressure relief valve 128.

[0034] The fuel supply system 100 may include one or more temperature pressure relief devices 188. The temperature pressure relief device 188 may vent an unsafe buildup of pressure in the fuel gas storage vessel 166 when the temperature of the fuel gas storage vessel 166 also exceeds a threshold value. For example, the fuel gas storage vessel 166 may vent at a temperature of about 90° C., about 100° C., about 110° C., about 120° C., or about 130° C. In some other instances, the fuel gas storage vessel 166 may vent at a higher or lower temperature. This type of situation may occur when the fuel gas storage vessel 166 is engulfed in fire or otherwise exposed to fire, which may cause the pressure of the fuel gas within the fuel gas storage vessel 166 to increase to dangerous levels.

[0035] The temperature pressure relief device 188 may be controlled by some devices of the pilot subsystem 182. In some implementations, the pilot subsystem 182 may be an optional device, such as when the system has the temperature pressure relief device 188 without using the pilot subsystem 182. The pilot subsystem 182 may have some devices that control the pressure in the fuel gas storage vessel 166 by opening the temperature pressure relief device 188 when an unexpected increase in pressure in the fuel gas storage vessel 166 occurs. The pilot subsystem 182 may have a pilot subsystem shutoff valve 146a and a pilot subsystem shutoff valve actuator 146b that allow the pilot subsystem 182 to be charged with high pressure fuel gas. The flow of gas into the pilot subsystem 182 may be restricted by an isenthalpic throttle, such as a pilot gas throttle 184, which may be an orifice. A conduit may fluidly connect a shuttle valve 186 to a location in the pilot subsystem 182 upstream of the pilot gas throttle 184, such as through a check valve 198. The check valve 198 may provide the advantage of reducing or preventing backflow through the pilot subsystem shutoff valve 146a, such as during an event when the fuel gas storage vessel 166 vents.The pilot subsystem 182 may have a shuttle valve 186. The shuttle valve 186 and / or a temperature pressure relief device 188 may vent the gas to the pilot zone vent manifold 154c, which may vent the gas to a vent mast, as indicated by arrow 190.

[0036] The components of the fuel delivery system 100 may be connected together by one or more conduits suitable for containing the fuel gas and a purge gas that may be used to clear the fuel gas from the fuel delivery system 100. In many embodiments, the conduits may be hollow tubes. The hollow tubes may be as stiff as a pipe or may be flexible, such as a hose. The conduits may be made of any suitable material. In many embodiments, some of the conduits may be made of 300 series stainless steel (e.g., AISI 316 / 316L steel). In many embodiments, the fuel gas pressure may have a nominal pressure of 250-bar, 350-bar, 500-bar, 750-bar, 900-bar, or higher. The fuel gas pressure may vary within about + / - 25% of some nominal value. Exemplary conduits adaptively configured to accommodate higher pressures may have thicker walls and / or smaller diameters than conduits adaptively configured to accommodate lower pressures.

[0037] The fuel supply system 100 may be selectively fluidly connectable to the gas supply source 102 by a fuel gas supply conduit 152a. In many embodiments, the fuel gas supply conduit 152a may be a flexible hose. A flexible hose may have the advantage of allowing for positional variation of the gas supply source 102 coupled to a vehicle (e.g., a tube trailer) when the fuel supply system 100 is mounted on or associated with a movable vehicle (e.g., the fuel supply system 100 may move up and down in the water with the waves or may be located on a boat that floats up and down relative to a dock with the tides).

[0038] The fuel supply system 100 may include a fuel gas supply manifold 158 formed by one or more conduits. Similarly, the fuel supply system 100 may include a purge gas supply manifold 156 connected to both the purge gas source 144 and the fuel gas supply manifold 158. The purge gas source 144 may be associated with the fuel gas source 102 (e.g., may be provided on a trailer having the fuel gas source 102). In some embodiments, the purge gas source 144 may be associated with the fuel supply system 100. The fuel supply system 100 may include one or more vent manifolds, such as a purge gas vent manifold 154a, a fuel gas vent manifold 154b, and / or a pilot zone vent manifold 154c. The vent manifolds 154a, 154b, and 154c may be in fluid communication with their respective vent masts, as indicated by arrows 160, 162, and 190. In some embodiments, the vent manifolds 154a, 154b, and 154c may be in fluid communication with a common vent mast (e.g., a vent mast common to the vent manifolds 154a, 154b, and 154c).

[0039] Fuel supply system 100 may have one or more pressure zones, such as high pressure zone 170, medium pressure zone 168, and / or low pressure zone 172. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, high pressure zone 170 includes breakaway coupling 104, fuel gas supply shutoff valve 106, fuel gas supply conduit 152a, breakaway coupling 114, purge gas check valve 112, fuel gas supply pressure transmitter 116, fuel gas check valve 120, and fuel gas regulator (first stage) 122. High pressure zone 170 may include a filter, such as filter 124. In some embodiments, the fuel gas may flow from gas supply 102, through breakaway coupling 104, to fuel gas supply shutoff valve 106. The flow of fuel gas may be controlled by fuel gas supply shutoff valve 106. The fuel gas supply shutoff valve 106 may be actuated manually or automatically. Providing a high pressure zone 170 (e.g., having the height of the pressure of the fuel gas supply 102) and a medium pressure zone 168 (e.g., via a fuel gas regulator (first stage)) may have certain advantages. It may be more efficient to transport the fuel gas at higher pressure than at lower pressure. For example, when fuel gas is supplied by a tube trailer, the higher the pressure in some of its tubes, the more fuel can be contained in a given shipment for a very small incremental cost of fuel (e.g., diesel for the tractor pulling the trailer). However, the higher transport pressures may not be compatible with the fuel gas storage system (i.e., may exceed the pressure rating of the pressure vessel or conduit).Vessels with lower pressure ratings are generally less expensive than vessels with higher pressure ratings and may be used in fuel gas storage systems (e.g., stationary fuel gas storage) where size or weight are not important considerations. Thus, reducing the pressure of the fuel gas at a location between the high pressure zone and the intermediate pressure zone may allow for efficient delivery at high pressure at a lower cost while still allowing the use of lower pressure storage systems.

[0040] When the gas supply 102 is connected to the breakaway coupling 104 and the fuel gas supply shutoff valve 106 is open, fuel gas flows from the gas supply 102 to the fuel supply system 100 via a fuel gas supply conduit 152a, which may be connected to the fuel supply system 100 via a breakaway coupling 114. The fuel gas may flow through a fuel gas check valve 120 to a fuel gas regulator (first stage) 122. An advantage of locating the fuel gas check valve 120 upstream of the fuel gas regulator (first stage) 122 may be seen in the event of a sudden or unplanned loss or disconnection of the fuel gas supply conduit 152a, where the fuel gas would be prevented from venting from the fuel supply system 100 back into the atmosphere. It is generally desirable to contain the fuel gas within a suitable system because if the fuel gas leaks, it can ignite or explode. The fuel gas supply pressure transmitter 116 may be located in any suitable location within the fuel gas supply manifold 158 such that it can detect the pressure of the high pressure zone 170. The fuel gas supply manifold 158 may have a conduit fluidly connecting the high pressure zone 170 to the purge gas supply manifold 156 such that a purge gas is used in accordance with the methods disclosed herein to purge the fuel gas from the fuel gas supply manifold 158.

[0041] High pressure zone 170 may be connected to intermediate pressure zone 168 at a fuel gas regulator (first stage) 122. The fuel gas regulator (first stage) 122 may reduce the pressure of the fuel gas at a location between high pressure zone 170 and intermediate pressure zone 168. For example, gas source 102 may provide the fuel gas at a pressure as high as, for example, 500-bar. Fuel gas regulator (first stage) 122 may reduce the pressure of the fuel gas as provided by gas source 102 from 500-bar to a lower pressure, for example, 100-bar, 200-bar, 350-bar, 400-bar, or the like. In some examples, the fuel gas regulator (first stage) 122 may reduce the fuel pressure to a pressure compatible with a solid storage system, such as a metal hydride, For example, the fuel gas regulator (first stage) 122 may reduce the pressure to about 10 to about 40 bar.

[0042] Fuel gas may flow from the fuel gas regulator (first stage) 122 into the intermediate pressure zone 168. The fuel gas may flow from the fuel gas regulator (first stage) 122 to a filter 124 to capture or separate particulate matter or liquids from the fuel gas. The fuel gas may flow from the filter 124 to a fuel gas shutoff valve 130 and then to a fuel gas shutoff valve 132a. The fuel gas shutoff valve 130 may be used to manually shut off the fuel flow. In some embodiments, either valve 130 or 132a may be optional. For example, a system may have a manual shuttle valve 130 but no actuated valve 132a, or vice versa. A fuel gas shutoff valve 132a may be opened or closed by a fuel gas shutoff valve actuator 132b to allow or stop the flow of the fuel gas in a fuel gas supply manifold 158, respectively. A fuel gas first stage pressure transmitter 136 may be located in any suitable location in the fuel gas supply manifold 158 such that the pressure in the intermediate pressure zone 168 can be sensed. A block valve 138a may be provided to isolate the fuel gas first stage pressure transmitter 136 from the intermediate pressure zone 168, such as for maintenance purposes. The fuel gas may flow from the fuel gas shutoff valve 132a to a fuel gas check valve 134, which may prevent backflow of the fuel gas into some portion of the intermediate pressure zone 168 upstream of the fuel gas check valve 134. The intermediate pressure zone 168 may have a branch that is selectively in fluid communication with the vent manifold 154a, such as through a valve 189a, and may be located in the fuel gas manifold 158 downstream of the check valve 134, or in some other suitable location.Valve 189a may be selectively actuable (e.g., open or close) by actuator 189b. The branches may be used to vent and / or inertize fuel gas storage vessel 166 and / or some other portion of fuel supply system 100.

[0043] The fuel gas supply manifold 158 may have or be connected to a branch or tee 194 in the intermediate pressure zone 168. The tee 194 may be in fluid communication with the fuel gas supply manifold 158 by connection to a flexible hose. One leg of the branch may flow through a fuel gas regulator (second stage) 140 to the low pressure zone 172. A shuttle valve 197 may be provided upstream of the regulator 140. The shuttle valve 197 may provide the advantage of providing a positive shutoff of the fuel gas to the regulator 140. Low pressure zone 172 may be in fluid communication with and flow fuel to one or more fuel consuming devices, such as one or more fuel cells, engines, or the like, as indicated by arrow 164. As with fuel gas regulator (first stage) 122, fuel gas regulator (second stage) 140 may be a forward pressure regulator that reduces the pressure from intermediate pressure zone 168 to a lower pressure for use in low pressure zone 172. For example, fuel gas regulator (second stage) 140 may reduce the pressure of the fuel gas from 350-bar to a pressure appropriate for an end use device, such as a fuel cell. For example, fuel gas regulator (second stage) 140 may reduce the pressure of the fuel gas to 10-bar.In some examples, a fuel gas regulator (second stage) 140 may reduce the pressure of the fuel gas from the pressure in the fuel gas storage vessel 166, e.g., about 900-bar, to a pressure suitable for supplying fuel to a vehicle, e.g., about 500-bar, about 625-bar, about 700-bar, and / or about 875-bar. The other branch may be a storage vessel supply branch 187 that supplies the fuel gas to a pilot subsystem 182 and / or one or more fuel gas storage vessels 166, e.g., via a fuel gas storage isolation valve 180a. The fuel gas may be provided from the reservoir supply branch 187 to the pilot subsystem 182 by a branch 193 in fluid communication with the branch 187 and the pilot subsystem 182. In some embodiments, the fuel supply system 100 may optionally include a pilot supply branch 191 separate from the reservoir supply branch 187 to provide the fuel gas to the pilot subsystem 182. The pilot supply branch 191 may be selectively closable by a shutoff valve 192. In the example shown in FIG. 1, the pilot supply branch 191 extends from a portion of the fuel gas supply manifold 158 between the fuel gas pressure relief valve 128 and the shutoff valve 130. In other embodiments, the pilot supply branch may extend from any suitable location in the fuel gas supply manifold 158.Providing a separate pilot supply branch 191 may have the advantage of allowing the pilot subsystem 182 to be filled without using the reservoir supply branch 187, for example, to fill the pilot subsystem 182 at a pressure higher than the fuel gas storage vessel 166. In some examples, the fuel gas storage vessel 166 may have a check valve that allows fuel gas to flow into the vessel when the manifold pressure is higher than the tank pressure.

[0044] Fuel gas may flow through pilot subsystem shutoff valve 146a when pilot subsystem shutoff valve 146a is opened, such as by pilot subsystem shutoff valve actuator 146b. Pilot subsystem 182 may maintain the fuel gas pressure, causing shutoff valve 186 to remain closed. If excessive temperature is detected by temperature pressure relief device 188 (e.g., fire is detected), temperature pressure relief device 188 may vent the fuel gas in pilot subsystem 182 to reduce its pressure, such as through pilot zone vent manifold 154c. When pressure in pilot subsystem 182 decreases, shuttle valve 186 may be opened to vent the fuel gas from fuel gas storage vessel 166. The flow rate of fuel gas through shuttle valve 186 and / or temperature pressure relief device 188 may be greater than the flow through pilot gas throttle 184 so that during a fire, pressure in the pilot zone may be maintained and the fuel gas storage vessel 166 may be vented.

[0045] The fuel delivery system 100 may include an additive supply container 195. The additive may be a solid, liquid, or gas that may be added to the fuel gas or the purge gas to introduce new or improved properties into the respective gas streams. In one example, the additive may be an odorant, and the additive supply container may be used as the odorant supply container 195. The odorant supply container 195 may be in selective fluid communication with the fuel gas manifold 158, for example, via a control valve 196. Many fuel gases are doped with odorants (e.g., methyl mercaptan) that have a characteristic putrid odor. Such dopants may alert nearby users to the fuel gas leak. Some fuel gases, for example, hydrogen, may be delivered without such odorants. For example, fuel cell systems that convert hydrogen to electricity may be damaged by elements such as sulfur present in methyl mercaptan even in low concentrations. It may be advantageous to add a non-toxic odorant to the fuel gas. Some examples of odorants suitable for use in fuel cell systems include ethyl acrylate, methyl acrylate, 2-ethyl-3-methylpyrazine, 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene, acrylic acid esters, acetophenone, propionaldehyde, n-butyraldehyde, or mixtures thereof.

[0046] The odorant supply container 195 may supply the odorant to the fuel gas using a wick as the odorant evaporates into the fuel gas. The odorant supply container 195 may supply the odorant to the fuel gas using a drip system in which the odorant is supplied at a determined rate of drops of a liquid into the combustion gas. The odorant supply container 195 may supply the odorant to the fuel gas using an injection system in which the odorant is compressed and released through a valve (e.g., via a control valve 196).

[0047] In some embodiments, the fuel system 100 may be portable, such as by packaging the components of the system in an enclosure. In one embodiment of a portable system 100, the system includes a fuel gas supply shutoff valve. 106 , a fuel gas supply conduit 152a, a breakaway coupling 114, a fuel gas supply manifold 158, a fuel gas check valve 120, a fuel gas regulator (first stage) 122, a fuel gas pressure relief valve 128, a shutoff valve 130, a fuel gas shutoff valve 132a, a fuel gas check valve 134, a block valve 138a, a block valve actuator 138b, a purge gas forward pressure regulator 142, and a purge gas pressure regulator 144. The fuel gas supply system may include a purge gas shutoff valve 148a, an actuator 148b, a purge gas pressure relief valve 150, a purge gas vent valve 108a, a purge gas supply valve 110a, a pressure transmitter 118, a fuel gas vent valve 126a, a shutoff valve 197, a tee 194, and optionally a regulator 140 and / or a fuel gas storage shutoff valve 180a and actuator 180b through which the fuel gas flows.

[0048] 3-8 illustrate several methods of operating a fuel delivery system such as the fuel delivery system 100. FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a setup method 300 for preparing the fuel delivery system 100 to receive fuel gas. FIG. 4 illustrates an example of an inerting / purifying method 400 for purging air and / or fuel gas remnants from the fuel delivery system 100 prior to filling. FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a leak check method 500 for verifying the integrity of the fuel delivery system 100. FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a pilot subsystem charging method 600 for charging the pilot subsystem 182. FIG 7 illustrates an example of a fill method 700 for filling one or more fuel gas storage vessels 166 of the fuel delivery system 100 with fuel gas. FIG 8 illustrates an example of a post fill inerting method 800 for purging fuel gas residue from the fuel gas delivery manifold 158 of the fuel delivery system 100. Operations of some of the methods described herein may be performed in a different order than illustrated, and in some cases operations may be performed substantially simultaneously. In some embodiments, some of the operations may be optional or omitted.

[0049] As shown in FIG. 3, the setup method 300 may begin at operation 302, and electrical power is provided to the fuel supply system 100. The power may be provided by any suitable power source, such as a fuel cell, generator, battery, engine, or other power source, all of which may be on board the vehicle. If the fuel supply system 100 is associated with a boat, shore power may be provided. Power may be provided automatically by a processing element, such as a PLC, via a relay or other power control device.

[0050] The setup method 300 proceeds to operation 304, where the fuel gas source is connected to the fuel delivery system 100. A fuel gas supply conduit 152a may connect between the fuel gas source 102 and the fuel delivery system 100.

[0051] The setup method 300 proceeds to operation 306, where the configuration of the valves of the fuel delivery system 100 may be verified. For example, any of the sensors of the fuel delivery system 100 may be selectively fluidly isolated from the fuel delivery system 100. For example, a block valve 138a may be located between the fuel gas first stage pressure transmitter 136 and the fuel gas delivery manifold 158. The block valve 138a may have an actuator, such as a block valve actuator 138b, that acts to open and close the block valve 138a. The position of the fuel gas storage shutoff valve 180a may be verified as open, for example, by using a position indicator associated with the fuel gas storage shutoff valve actuator 180b. The position of a pilot zone vent valve (e.g., shuttle valve 186) and / or defueling valve associated with the fuel gas storage vessel 166 may be verified as closed, for example, by a position indicator.

[0052] The setup method 300 proceeds to operation 308, and a purge gas is provided to the purge gas supply manifold 156. For example, a shutoff valve on a purge gas source, e.g., purge gas supply 144, may be opened. The downstream pressure of the purge gas forward pressure regulator 142 may be adjusted to about 5 to about 15 bar. The purge gas may be any suitable gas capable of displacing air, oxygen, and / or fuel gas from the fuel supply system 100. In many embodiments, the purge gas may be nitrogen, although other suitable non-flammable and / or non-oxidizing gases, e.g., argon, xenon, krypton, carbon dioxide, or the like, may be used.

[0053] FIG. 4 shows an inerting / purifying method 400 suitable for removing air, purge gas and / or fuel gas from the fuel supply system 100. The inerting / purifying method 400 may be suitable for inerting or purifying the fuel supply system 100, for example, before filling fueling system 100 in a filling method 700. Inerting the fuel supply system 100 prior to the addition of fuel gas is important from a safety standpoint. If a portion of the fuel supply system 100 has air that has entered the fuel supply system 100, adding fuel gas without first inerting the fuel supply system 100 may cause a flammable mixture of fuel and air to form. It may be advantageous to remove air from the fuel supply system 100 to prevent contamination of the fuel gas. Purifying the fuel supply system 100 may be advantageous to remove contaminants, such as the purge gas, for example, if the system has stringent purification requirements (e.g., 99.99% purity). In some examples, the method 400 may be used to inertize / purify the fuel gas supply manifold 158. In some examples, the method 400 may be used to inertize / purify the fuel gas storage vessel 166.

[0054] The method 400 may proceed to operation 402, where a gas (a purge gas and / or a fuel gas) is supplied to the fuel supply system 100. The method 400 may be used as an inerting method by supplying a purge gas. The method 400 may be used as a purification method by supplying a fuel gas. When used as an inerting method, the method 400 may begin at operation 402, where the purge gas supply valve 110a and the purge gas shutoff valve 148a are opened by corresponding purge gas supply actuators 110b and purge gas shutoff valve actuators 148b, respectively, which are controlled by the controller 200. The controller 200 may monitor the pressure of the purge gas in the purge gas supply manifold 156 and / or the fuel gas supply manifold 158. When used as a purification method, the method 400 may proceed to operation 402, where the fuel gas supply shutoff valve 148a is opened by corresponding purge gas supply actuators 110b and purge gas shutoff valve actuators 148b, respectively, which are controlled by the controller 200. The controller 200 may monitor the pressure of the purge gas in the purge gas supply manifold 156 and / or the fuel gas supply manifold 158. When used as a purification method, the method 402 may begin at operation 402, where the fuel gas supply shutoff valve 148a is opened by corresponding purge gas supply actuators 110b and purge gas shutoff valve actuators 148b, respectively, which are controlled by the controller 200. 106 The controller 200 may monitor the pressure reported by the fuel gas supply pressure transmitter 116. The method may pause without proceeding until the pressure of the gas stabilizes. Pressure stability may be measured by the rate of change of the pressure over time, for example, when the pressure is less than about 50 to about 100 millibars per minute. The controller 200 may record the value of pressure when the system stabilizes, for example in the memory component 206, for later use during the execution of the method.

[0055] The deactivation / purification method 400 proceeds to operation 404, and the controller 200 holds the pressure in the fuel delivery system 100 for a predetermined period of time. In many embodiments, the pressure may be held for about 10 seconds, although the pressure may be held for a shorter period of time (e.g., 1 second, 5 seconds, or the like) or a longer period of time (e.g., 15 seconds, 20 seconds, 30 seconds, 1 minute, or more).

[0056] The inerting / purification method 400 proceeds to operation 406, and the controller 200 monitors the pressure in the fuel delivery system 100 while the pressure is held as in operation 404. If the pressure falls below a threshold, the inerting / purification method 400 proceeds to operation 408, where an alarm is generated and / or other appropriate action is taken. Operation 408 is described in more detail below. The threshold may be measured as a change relative to the pressure recorded in the memory component 206 in operation 402. For example, if the pressure falls by more than about 350-millbar from the stable pressure, the inerting / purification method 400 proceeds to operation 408. Any other suitable amount of pressure drop may be measured, such as about 30-millibar, about 70-millibar, about 700-millibar, about 1.5-bar, about 3.4-bar, about 7-bar, or higher, which may result in an alarm being issued by operation 408. In some embodiments, the amount of pressure drop may be measured as a percentage of the pressure measured in operation 402. For example, an alarm may be issued if the pressure drops by about 1%, about 2%, about 5%, about 10% or more of the pressure measured in operation 402. In some embodiments, the inerting / purification method 400 transitions to operation 408 when the pressure in the fuel supply system 100 drops below an absolute value, such as a value within a range of about 1 bar to about 10 bar. For example, the inerting / purification method 400 may proceed to operation 408 if the pressure in the fuel delivery system 100 drops below about 5.5-bar. If the predetermined time has elapsed in operation 404 and the pressure in the fuel delivery system 100 has not dropped below the threshold, the inerting / purification method 400 proceeds to operation 410.

[0057] In process 410, the controller 200 may vent the fuel gas supply manifold 158, the fuel gas supply 102, and / or the fuel gas storage vessel 166. For example, the controller 200 may open the fuel gas vent valve 126a via the fuel gas vent valve actuator 126b and / or open the valve 189a. For example, the valve 189a may be used to vent the fuel gas storage vessel 166 via the fuel storage vessel shutoff valve 176a. The purge gas and / or fuel gas may escape from the fuel supply system 100 via the fuel gas vent manifold 154b to a vent mast, as indicated by arrow 162.

[0058] The process 410 may be used independently of the method 400, such as to vent the fuel gas source 102 and / or the fuel gas storage vessel 166 in the event of an emergency. For example, the fuel gas source 102 may be vented by opening valve 126a. The fuel gas storage vessel 166 may be vented by opening valve 189a. This type of venting may be used to vent the fuel gas source 102 and / or the fuel gas storage vessel 166 at a remote location from the respective vessels, such as by using a flexible hose connection. The inerting / purification method 400 may be used to inertize the fuel gas source 102 and / or the fuel gas storage vessel 166. This type of venting may be advantageous if either the fuel gas source 102 and / or the fuel gas storage vessel 166 are compromised.

[0059] The inerting / purification method 400 proceeds to operation 414 and operation 416, and the controller 200 monitors the pressure in the fuel supply system 100, for example, via the fuel gas supply pressure transmitter 116 (e.g., to measure the pressure in the high pressure zone 170) and / or the fuel gas first stage pressure transmitter 136 (e.g., to measure the pressure in the medium pressure zone 168). In operation 416, the controller 200 compares the pressure in the fuel gas supply manifold 158 to a threshold value to determine whether the fuel gas supply manifold 158 is sufficiently vented. The controller 200 may monitor either or both of the high pressure zone 170 and / or the medium pressure zone 168. If the pressure is not below the threshold value, the inerting / purification method 400 may return to operation 414 and continue monitoring the pressure in the fuel gas supply manifold 158. The threshold value may be close to the ambient pressure, for example, about 30-millibar, about 70-millibar, about 700-millibar, about 1.5-bar, about 3.4-bar, about 7-bar. Other suitable pressures lower or higher may be used. When the pressure in the fuel gas supply manifold 158 falls below the threshold value, the deactivation / purification method 400 proceeds to operation 418.

[0060] In operation 418, the deactivation / purification method 400 may increment a counter. The value of the counter may be stored in the memory component 206. The counter may be an integer value representing the number of times that the deactivation / purification method 400 has performed operations 402-416.

[0061] The inerting / purification method 400 proceeds to operation 420, where the inerting / purification method 400 compares the counter to a threshold. If the counter does not exceed the threshold, the inerting / purification method 400 may return to operation 402. If the counter meets or exceeds a threshold, the inerting / purification method 400 proceeds to operation 412. The counter threshold may be set or determined to ensure that the concentration of air or other contaminants in the fuel supply system 100 has been reduced to a satisfactory level. The cycle threshold may be based on a target purity of the fuel gas in the fuel gas storage vessel 166. For example, the number threshold may be based on the volume and pressure of the fuel gas source 102, the volume of the fuel gas storage vessel 166, the pressure setpoint of the purge gas regulator 142, and the number of purge cycles that will achieve a target purity (e.g., 9.99% or greater) in the fuel gas storage vessel 166.

[0062] In many embodiments, the counter threshold may be 3. Other thresholds may be used as desired, for example, the counter threshold may be 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9, or even 10. With each cycle, the concentration of contaminants (e.g., air) and / or residual fuel gas (e.g., hydrogen) is reduced relative to the concentration of the purge gas. In operation 412, the controller 200 may shut off the purge gas source 144 and / or the fuel gas source 102. For example, the controller 200 may close the purge gas shutoff valve 148a via the purge gas shutoff valve actuator 148b or shut off the fuel gas shutoff valve 102 via the fuel gas shutoff valve actuator 148c. 106The purge gas vent valve 108a may be opened for a short period of time (e.g., about 2 seconds) and then closed by the purge gas vent valve actuator 108b. The purge gas vent valve 108a may remain open whenever the valve 110a is closed, which may constitute, for example, a block and bleed arrangement. This type of arrangement may improve the safety of the fuel delivery system 100 during delivery of high pressure fuel gas in the event that the check valve 112 fails and the valve 110a is unable to stop backflow (e.g., flow of gas from the manifold 158 to the manifold 156). The fuel gas vent valve 126a, the purge gas shutoff valve 148a, the purge gas vent valve 108a, and the purge gas supply valve 110a may all be closed by the controller 200 via their respective actuators.

[0063] In operation 408, the controller 200 may close the purge gas shutoff valve 148a, and the controller 200 may open the purge gas vent valve 108a and the fuel gas vent valve 126a to vent the fuel delivery system 100. The controller 200 may issue an alert or alarm to notify a user that there is a leak in the fuel delivery system 100. The alarm may be a visual alarm, such as an indication on the display 204, a beacon, or the like. The alarm may additionally or alternatively be an auditory alarm, such as a bell, buzzer, or the like. The alarm may also be an electronic message, such as an email, text message, or other suitable message sent to a user via the network interface 208. From operation 408, the deactivation / purification process 400 transitions to operation 412.

[0064] In some embodiments, in method 400, manifold 158 may be connected to a vacuum source and a substantial portion of the gas within the manifold may be removed from the manifold. In some such embodiments, a gas may be introduced into manifold 158 (e.g., a purge gas or a fuel gas) in operation 410. Method 400 may be performed in a manner different from that described herein, such as by monitoring appropriate pressure thresholds in operations 406 and 416 and repeating the method 400 one or more times.

[0065] In some embodiments, the deactivation / purification method 400 may be suitable for activating a solid storage medium, such as a hydride. For some hydrides, an oxide layer forms on some of the reactive materials of the metal hydride during fabrication. However, the hydride cannot be used until the oxide layer is removed. Removing the oxide layer is accomplished by exposing the hydride to a reducing environment, for example, by exposing the hydride to hydrogen at a pressure of about 70 bar and a temperature of about 80° C. This process is often referred to as activation. Once activated, the hydride can be used for hydrogen storage, for example, in a fuel gas storage vessel 166. For example, in process 402, the passivation / purification method 400 may be used with the purge gas described above to purge air from the hydride. After passivation, the passivation / purification method 400 may be adaptively configured and used to provide the fuel gas (i.e., hydrogen) in process 403. In process 404, the hydrogen pressure and / or flow rate may be monitored for the onset of absorption of the hydrogen in the hydride. The hydrogen pressure and / or flow rate may be adjusted based on the temperature of the hydride, such as to prevent the temperature of the hydride from exceeding a threshold value. The hydrogen pressure in the fuel gas storage vessel 166 may be increased until the pressure stabilizes at a level (e.g., about 70-bar). The fuel gas storage vessel 166 may be vented, such as in operations 410, 414, 416, and 418, as previously described.The fuel gas storage vessel 166 may be exposed to hydrogen charge cycles (repetitive operations for filling the fuel gas storage vessel 166 with hydrogen) a number of times (e.g., 3, 4 or more) until the counter threshold is exceeded in operation 420.

[0066] 5 shows an example of a leak check method 500 suitable for checking the fuel delivery system 100 for leaks. In some embodiments, the leak check method 500 may be used in place of the inerting / purification method 400 such that contaminants are purged from the system by the leak check method 500. In some embodiments, the leak check method 500 may be omitted. It may be advantageous to perform a leak check on the fuel delivery system 100 by first using the purge gas as described with respect to steps 404-408 and then again using the fuel gas as described in the leak check method 500. The fuel gas may have different leakage or diffusion characteristics than the purge gas, and a leak check using the fuel gas may find leaks that may not be found by a leak check using the purge gas. For example, if the purge gas is nitrogen and the fuel gas is hydrogen, hydrogen may leak through fittings, seals, pipe couplings, threads, or the like through which nitrogen may not leak. Hydrogen (H2) is a much smaller molecule than nitrogen (N2) and is capable of escaping containment in ways that nitrogen may not. Additionally, the fuel gas may be provided at a much higher pressure than the pressure of the purge gas. For example, purge gas may be provided at about 5 to about 15 bar, but the purge gas may be provided at a nominal pressure up to about 700-bar. Gas at higher pressures is more likely to leak from the fuel delivery system 100 than gas at lower pressures.

[0067] The leak check method 500 may begin at operation 502, and fuel gas is supplied to the fuel supply system 100. The fuel gas may be supplied at a pressure equal to that of the gas supply 102. For example, the fuel gas may be supplied at a pressure of 1-bar, 10-bar, 100-bar, 200-bar, 300-bar, 350-bar, 400-bar, 500-bar, 700-bar, or higher. The controller 200 may cause the fuel gas supply shutoff valve 106 to open.

[0068] The leak check method 500 proceeds to operation 504 and operation 506. In operation 504, the controller 200 may monitor the pressure of the fuel gas in the fuel gas supply manifold 158. For example, the controller 200 may monitor the pressure reported by the fuel gas supply pressure transmitter 116. The leak check method 500 proceeds to operation 506, and the controller 200 compares the pressure in the fuel supply system 100 to a threshold value. If the pressure is unstable (e.g., exhibits a time rate of change higher than the threshold value), the leak check method 500 may return to operation 504, and the controller 200 continues to monitor the pressure in the fuel supply system 100. Pressure stability may be measured by the rate of change of the pressure and / or the attainment of a certain value for absolute pressure. The controller 200 may record the value of the pressure as the system stabilizes, e.g., in the memory component 206, for later use during execution of the method. For example, if the pressure change is less than a threshold value of about 1 to about 5 bar per minute, the leak check method 500 proceeds to operation 508.

[0069] In operation 508, the controller 200 shuts off the fuel gas supply 102. The controller 200 may close the fuel gas supply shutoff valve 106.

[0070] The leak check method 500 proceeds to operation 510, where the controller 200 monitors the pressure within the fuel delivery system 100 while holding the pressure for a predetermined period of time. In many embodiments, the pressure may be held for approximately 10 seconds, although the pressure may be held for a shorter period of time (e.g., 1 second, 5 seconds or the like) or a longer period of time (e.g., 15 seconds, 20 seconds, 30 seconds, 1 minute or longer).

[0071] The leak check method 500 proceeds to operation 512, and the controller 200 monitors the pressure in the fuel delivery system 100 while the pressure in the fuel delivery system 100 is held as in operation 510. The controller 200 may monitor either or both of the high pressure zone and / or the medium pressure zone 168. If the pressure falls below a threshold, the leak check method 500 proceeds to operation 514, where it issues an alarm and / or takes other appropriate action. This operation 514 is described in more detail below. The threshold may be measured as a relative change in pressure to the pressure recorded in the memory component 206 in operation 506. For example, if the pressure falls below the stable pressure by an amount greater than a threshold, the leak check method 500 proceeds to operation 514. Some exemplary thresholds may be similar to those described with respect to operation 406, but will not be repeated for brevity. In some embodiments, the leak check method 500 transitions to operation 514 if the pressure in the fuel delivery system 100 falls below an absolute value. If the predetermined time has elapsed in operation 510 and the pressure in the fuel delivery system 100 has not yet fallen below the threshold, the leak check method 500 transitions to a pilot subsystem charge method 600, as indicated by arrow 518. Optionally, the method 600 may transition to a fill method 700, for example if the pilot subsystem 182 is not being used.

[0072] In some embodiments, processes 510 and 512 may monitor the pressure of the fuel supply system downstream of a closed valve and determine whether the pressure rises above a threshold. Such a pressure rise may indicate a leak through the valve. For example, the fuel gas may flow into high pressure zone 170, be reduced to a lower pressure, for example by fuel gas regulator 122, and then flow into medium pressure zone 168. The flow of fuel gas may be stopped, for example, by closing fuel gas shutoff valve 132a by actuator 132b. The pressure downstream of fuel gas shutoff valve 132a may be monitored, for example, by fuel gas first stage pressure transmitter 136. An increase in the fuel gas pressure detected by pressure transmitter 136 with fuel gas shutoff valve 132a closed may indicate a leak in fuel gas shutoff valve 132a. An alarm may be generated when such a leak is detected.

[0073] Process 514 may issue an alarm, for example, as described for process 408. The characteristics of the alarm issued by process 514 may be different than those issued by process 408. For example, the methods described above may issue some alarms along with different error messages, visual indicators, audio indicators, or the like. After issuing an alarm in process 514, leak check method 500 transitions to post-fill inerting method 800, as indicated by arrow 516, to inerting fuel delivery system 100 with the purge gas. Inerting the system is advantageous to allow safe repairs of system 100 to be performed in the absence of fuel gas.

[0074] FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a pilot subsystem charging method 600. As mentioned above, the pilot subsystem 182 may act to safely vent the fuel gas storage vessel 166 in the event of a fire. Venting the fuel gas from the fuel gas storage vessel 166 in the event of a fire may have some specific safety advantages. For example, when a fire is detected, the fuel gas in the fuel gas storage vessel 166 may be directed away from the fuel gas storage vessel 166 to a vent stack or other remote location away from the scene of the fire. This is generally preferable to containing the fuel gas within the fuel gas storage vessel 166, and facing the risk that if the fuel gas escapes, the fire may damage the fuel gas storage vessel 166 and eventually explode, should the fuel gas storage vessel 166 rupture or leak.

[0075] Pilot subsystem charge method 600 may begin at operation 602, and controller 200 may connect pilot subsystem 182 to fuel gas supply manifold 158. For example, controller 200 may open pilot subsystem shutoff valve 146a via pilot subsystem shutoff valve actuator 146b. When pilot subsystem shutoff valve 146a is open, the fuel gas may flow through the valve and may be throttled by pilot gas throttle 184.

[0076] The pilot subsystem charge method 600 proceeds to operation 604, and fuel gas is supplied to the fuel delivery system 100. For example, the controller 200 may open the fuel gas supply shutoff valve 106, thereby allowing fuel gas to flow from the gas supply 102 to the fuel delivery system 100. The fuel gas shutoff valve 132a, the fuel gas storage shutoff valve 180a, and the pilot subsystem shutoff valve 146a may be opened by the controller 200, thereby allowing the fuel gas to flow to the pilot subsystem 182.

[0077] Pilot subsystem charging method 600 proceeds to operation 606 and operation 608. In operation 606, controller 200 may monitor the pressure of the fuel gas in fuel gas supply manifold 158 and / or pilot subsystem 182. Controller 200 may monitor either or both of high pressure zone 170 and / or intermediate pressure zone 168. For example, controller 200 may monitor the pressure in fuel gas supply manifold 158, which is reported by fuel gas supply pressure transmitter 116, fuel gas first stage pressure transmitter 136, and / or storage pressure transmitter 174. Controller 200 may monitor the pressure in pilot subsystem 182 via fuel gas supply pressure transmitter 118.

[0078] The pilot subsystem charge method 600 proceeds to operation 608 where the controller 200 compares the pressure in the fuel gas supply manifold 158 to the pressure in the gas supply 102. In operation 608, the controller 200 compares the pressure in the pilot subsystem 182 to a set point of the fuel gas regulator, first stage 122. The set point of the fuel gas regulator, first stage 122 may be set by the controller 200, for example, in cases where the fuel gas regulator, first stage 122 is an automatically pressure-controlling valve (e.g., I / P, current / pressure converter, etc.). In some embodiments, the set point of the fuel gas regulator (first stage) 122 may be a predetermined value stored in the memory component 206. If the pressure is unstable (e.g., exhibits a rate of change over time higher than the threshold) in either the fuel gas supply manifold 158 and / or the pilot subsystem 182, the pilot subsystem charging method 600 may return to operation 606 and the controller 200 continues to monitor the pressure in the fuel gas supply manifold 158 and the pilot subsystem 182. Pressure stability may be measured by the rate of change of the pressure over time, the difference between the pressure of the gas supply 102 and the pressure of the fuel gas supply manifold 158, the difference between the set point of the fuel gas regulator (first stage) 122 and the pressure of the pilot subsystem 182, and / or the achievement of a certain value for the absolute pressure.The controller 200 may record the value of the pressure when the system stabilizes, for example in the memory component 206, for later use during execution of the method. For example, the pilot subsystem charge method 600 proceeds to operation 610 when the difference between the pressure of the gas source 102 and the fuel gas supply manifold 158 and / or the difference between the set point of the fuel gas regulator (first stage) 122 and the pressure of the pilot subsystem 182 is less than about 1 bar.

[0079] In operation 610, the controller 200 shuts off the pilot subsystem 182. For example, the controller 200 may close the pilot subsystem shutoff valve 146a via the pilot subsystem shutoff valve actuator 146b.

[0080] 7 illustrates an example of a fill method 700. The fill method 700 may begin at operation 702, with the controller 200 receiving a fill type to be performed. For example, the I / O interface 212 of the controller 200 may prompt a user to select whether the fill is a final fill pressure type of fill or a temperature-compensated fill. In some examples, the user may be prompted to input information about the fuel gas supply 102, such as the volume, pressure, and / or type of fuel gas. In a final fill pressure type fill, a target fill pressure may be received (received from a user, input by a user, etc.) for the one or more fuel gas storage vessels 166. In a temperature-compensated fill, the controller 200 may monitor the temperature of the one or more fuel gas storage vessels 166, for example, via a fuel gas storage temperature transmitter 178.The system may further monitor (e.g., via transmitter 118) the pilot subsystem 182 pressure and, if it (the pressure measured by transmitter 118, e.g., the pilot pressure discussed above) is lower than the target pressure (e.g., the target fill pressure discussed above), reduce the set point (e.g., the set point of fuel gas regulator (first stage) 122, the relief pressure or upper limit pressure of the fuel gas storage vessel 166, etc.) to the pressure measured by transmitter 118.

[0081] The fill method 700 proceeds to operation 704, and the controller 200 determines the fill pressure set point. In a final fill pressure type fill, the fill pressure set point may be received from the I / O interface 212 and / or retrieved from the memory component 206. In a temperature compensated fill, the fill pressure set point may be determined based on one or more of an initial pressure and / or an initial temperature in the fuel gas storage vessel 166 (e.g., as measured by a storage pressure transmitter 174 and / or a fuel gas storage temperature transmitter 178), the pressure of the gas source 102, and / or a desired fill pressure. In some implementations, the fill pressure set point may be determined based on an ambient temperature, such as an ambient temperature proximate the pressure vessel. In one example, the fill pressure set point may be determined based on an equation relating the fill pressure set point to the initial (before beginning the filling process) pressure in the pressure vessel (e.g., fuel gas storage vessel 166, discussed above) and the initial (pre-fill) ambient temperature (e.g., ambient temperature). An example of this type of equation is shown in Equation 1 below. (1) P2=a+b*T+c*P1+d*T*P1 where P2 is the fill pressure set point; P1 is the initial pressure in the pressure vessel; T is the initial ambient temperature; a, b, c and d are a number of constants.

[0082] In one example, the constants are a=3764.337, b=1.666, c=-0.152, d=0.00114.

[0083] The fill method 700 proceeds to operation 706 and the fuel gas is provided to the fuel gas storage vessel 166. For example, the controller 200 may open the fuel gas shutoff valve 132a.

[0084] Fill method 700 proceeds to operations 714 and 708 substantially simultaneously, i.e., operations 714 and 708, and any operations that follow them, may be performed in parallel with each other, or may be performed serially and quickly with each other in any order.

[0085] In operation 714, the controller 200 monitors the temperature within the fuel gas storage vessel 166 via the fuel gas storage temperature transmitter 178. The fill method 700 proceeds to operation 716 and compares the temperature to a first threshold value. In many embodiments, the first threshold value may be approximately 75° C. The fill method 700 may proceed to operation 720 and compares the temperature of the fuel gas storage vessel 166 to a second threshold value. In many embodiments, the second threshold value may be approximately 85° C. Either the first or second threshold value may be based on the type of fuel gas storage vessel 166 being used. For example, some of the thresholds above, about 75°C and about 85°C, may be appropriate for Type IV tanks having polymeric liners, while some higher thresholds may be appropriate for Type III tanks having metallic liners, or for Type I metallic tanks that do not have a composite enclosure and generally have better heat transfer properties than Type III or Type IV tanks.

[0086] If, in operation 716, the temperature exceeds the first threshold, the fill method 700 proceeds to operation 718 and the controller 200 may issue an alarm as described above with respect to operation 408 and / or operation 514. The fill method 700 may return to operation 714 to continue monitoring the temperature.

[0087] If, in operation 720, the temperature exceeds the second threshold, the fill method 700 may proceed to operation 722 to abort the fill method 700. In operation 722, the controller 200 may issue an alarm as described above with respect to operations 408, 514, and / or 718. In operation 722, the controller 200 may take some additional action, such as closing the fuel gas supply shutoff valve 106, the fuel gas shutoff valve 132a, the fuel gas storage shutoff valve 180a, and / or the fuel storage vessel shutoff valve 176a. The controller 200 may not re-enable the execution of the fill method 700 until the temperature returns to a level below either the first or second threshold.

[0088] In operation 708, the controller 200 monitors the pressure in the fuel gas storage vessel 166 via a pressure transmitter, e.g., the storage pressure transmitter 174. The fill method 700 proceeds to operation 710, and the controller 200 compares the pressure in the fuel gas storage vessel 166 to the fill set point (e.g., the fill pressure set point described above) determined in operation 704. When the pressure in the fuel gas storage vessel 166 reaches the set point (e.g., the fill pressure set point described above), optionally within a reasonable deadband of about + / - 5%, the fill method 700 proceeds to operation 712 and shuts off the fuel gas. When more than one fuel gas storage vessel is used, each vessel may be equipped with a sensor (e.g., a pressure sensor (e.g., the storage pressure transmitter 174 described above). In such an embodiment, different fuel gas storage containers may be filled unevenly (e.g., due to differences in initial pressures between the containers, differences in pressure losses between the conduits leading to the containers, etc.), and when any of the fuel gas storage containers reaches the set point (e.g., the fill pressure set point discussed above), the fill method 700 proceeds to operation 712, thereby preventing any storage container from exceeding the set point (e.g., the fill pressure set point discussed above).

[0089] In operation 712, the controller 200 may close the fuel gas shutoff valve 132a, and may also close the fuel gas storage isolation valve 180a, the fuel storage vessel shutoff valve 176a, and / or the fuel gas supply shutoff valve 106.

[0090] 8 illustrates a post fill inerting method 800 suitable for purging fuel gas from the fuel delivery system 100, such as after the performance of the fill method 700. The post fill inerting method 800 may be suitable for inerting the fuel delivery system 100 after the fuel delivery system 100 has been filled, such as during the performance of the fill method 700. The post fill inerting method 800 may begin at operation 802, in which the gas supply 102 is shut off from the fuel delivery system 100. For example, the controller 200 may close the fuel gas shutoff valve 132a, the fuel gas storage shutoff valve 180a, the fuel storage container shutoff valve 176a, and / or the fuel gas supply shutoff valve 106.

[0091] The post-fill inerting method 800 may proceed to operation 804, where the controller 200 vents the fuel gas supply manifold 158. In operation 804, the controller 200 may open the fuel gas vent valve 126a, for example, via the fuel gas vent valve actuator 126b, and / or open the purge gas supply valve 110a, for example, via actuator 110b.

[0092] The post-fill passivation method 800 may proceed to operations 806 and 808, which may be substantially similar to operations 414 and 416 described above, and further description of which will be omitted for the sake of brevity.

[0093] The post-fill inerting method 800 proceeds to operation 810, where the purge gas is provided to the fuel delivery system 100. Operation 810 may be substantially similar to operation 402, previously described, and further description thereof will be omitted for the sake of brevity.

[0094] The post-fill passivation method 800 proceeds to operation 812 and operation 814. In operation 812, the controller 200 may monitor the pressure of the purge gas in the fuel gas supply manifold 158. For example, the controller 200 may monitor the pressure reported by the fuel gas supply pressure transmitter 116. The post-fill passivation method 800 proceeds to operation 814, and the controller 200 compares the pressure in the fuel gas supply manifold 158 to a threshold value. If the pressure is unstable (e.g., exhibits a rate of change over time that exceeds the threshold value), the post-fill passivation method 800 returns to operation 812, and the controller 200 continues to monitor the pressure in the fuel gas supply manifold 158. Pressure stability may be measured by the rate of change of the pressure over time and / or the attainment of an absolute pressure value. The controller 200 may record the value of the pressure as the system stabilizes in the memory component 206 for subsequent use, such as during the post-fill inerting method 800. For example, if the pressure change is less than a threshold value of about 50 to about 100 millibars per minute, the post-fill inerting method 800 proceeds to operation 816 and the fuel gas supply manifold 158 is vented.

[0095] Process 816 may be substantially similar to process 804 described above, and for the sake of brevity, further description thereof will be omitted.

[0096] The post-fill inerting method 800 may proceed to operations 818 and 820, which are substantially similar to operations 414 and 416 described above and / or operations 806 and 808 described above, and further description thereof is omitted for the sake of brevity. A difference in the gas composition within the fuel gas supply manifold 158 may occur between the performance of operations 806 / 808 and the performance of operations 818 / 820. In operations 806 / 808, the fuel gas supply manifold 158 may initially contain fuel gas at a high pressure, e.g., the fill pressure set point determined in operation 704 of method 700. In operations 818 / 820, the gas composition within the fuel gas supply manifold 158 may be a mixture of remaining fuel gas and purge gas at a low pressure (e.g., 5-15 bar).

[0097] The post-fill inerting method 800 transitions to operation 820 when the pressure in the fuel gas supply manifold 158 falls below the threshold, and the controller 200 increments a counter in operation 822 and operation 824. Operation 822 and operation 824 may be substantially similar to operation 418 and operation 420, both of which are described above, and further description thereof will be omitted for the sake of brevity. The post-fill inerting method 800 may iteratively repeat multiple operations from operation 810 through operation 824 to sufficiently purge the fuel gas supply manifold 158 of residual fuel gas.

[0098] After a sufficient number of purge cycles (such as operations 810 through 824, discussed above) have been performed to reduce the concentration of fuel gas in the fuel gas supply manifold 158 below the limit at which the fuel gas would be flammable if it were to leak to the atmosphere (i.e., below the lower flammability limit), the post-fill inerting method 800 proceeds to operation 826, in which the fuel gas supply manifold 158 is vented as discussed above with respect to operation 816. Venting the fuel gas manifold (such as the fuel gas supply manifold 158 described above) has the advantage of allowing the fuel gas supply conduit 152a to be disconnected while the fuel gas has a low pressure (preferably near atmospheric pressure) and a minimum concentration (preferably below the lower flammability limit), thereby reducing the risk of fire or explosion.

[0099] The description of certain embodiments contained in this document is merely exemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit the scope of the disclosed subject matter or the scope of application or use of the subject matter. In the detailed description of certain embodiments of the systems and methods of the present invention contained in this document, reference is made to certain accompanying drawings which form a part hereof and which are shown as exemplary illustrations specific to certain embodiments in which the described systems and methods may be practiced. The embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable one skilled in the art to practice the systems and methods disclosed in this document, and it should be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and that structural and logical changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. Moreover, for the sake of clarity, detailed descriptions of certain specific features will not be discussed when it is obvious to one skilled in the art not to obscure the description of certain embodiments of the present disclosure. Therefore, the detailed descriptions contained in this document should not be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the present disclosure is defined only by the appended claims.

[0100] From the foregoing, it will be understood that, although certain specific embodiments of the invention have been described in this document for purposes of illustration, various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

[0101] Some details shown in this document are present as examples and for the sole purpose of illustrative discussion of the aforementioned preferred embodiments of the present invention, and for the reason of providing what is believed to be the most useful and easily understood explanation of the principles and conceptual aspects of the various embodiments of the present invention. In this regard, no attempt is made to show the structural details of the invention in greater detail than is necessary for a fundamental understanding of the invention, to interpret the description in light of the drawings, and / or to show examples that will be obvious to those skilled in the art of how some aspects of the invention may be embodied in practice.

[0102] As used in this document, and unless specifically stated to the contrary, the terms "a," "an," and "a number of" shall be construed to mean "one," "at least one," or "one or more." Unless the context requires otherwise, terms expressed in the singular herein shall include the plural and terms expressed in the plural shall include the singular.

[0103] Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, throughout the specification and claims, the words "comprise," "comprising," and the like, are to be construed in a non-exclusive, rather than an exclusive or exclusive, sense, i.e., "including, but not limited to." Words using the singular or plural number also include words using the plural number and words using the singular number, respectively. Furthermore, the words "this document," "above," and "below," and words of similar meaning, when used in this application document, refer to this application document as a whole and not to only a specific portion of this application document.

[0104] Of course, it should be understood that any of the examples, embodiments, or methods described herein may be combined with one or more of the other examples, embodiments, and / or processes, or any of the examples, embodiments, or methods described herein may be separated and / or implemented in devices or device portions separated from one another in accordance with the systems, apparatus, and methods disclosed herein.

[0105] Finally, the above discussion is intended to merely exemplify the system described herein, and should not be construed as limiting the appended claims to a particular embodiment or to a group of embodiments. Thus, while the system disclosed herein has been described in particular detail with reference to exemplary embodiments, it should be further understood that numerous modifications and other embodiments may be devised by those skilled in the art without departing from the broader and intended spirit and scope of the system disclosed herein as set forth in the following claims. Thus, the specification and drawings should be considered in an illustrative manner and are not intended to limit the scope of the appended claims.

[0106] According to the present invention, the following aspects are obtained. (Aspect 1) 1. A computer-implemented method performed by a computer for supplying a fuel gas to a fuel supply system, the method comprising: a processor configured to control a number of valves in the fuel supply system to permit or restrict flow of gas to perform a number of operations; The plurality of processes include: a pre-fill inerting process for inerting the fuel delivery system prior to filling, the processor controlling the plurality of valves to selectively fluidly connect a purge gas source to a fuel gas supply manifold of the fuel delivery system and selectively fluidly connect the fuel gas supply manifold to a vent manifold; a leak check process for performing a leak check on the fuel supply system, the processor controlling the plurality of valves to supply the fuel gas to the fuel gas supply manifold through selective fluid connections that selectively fluidly connect a fuel gas supply to the fuel gas supply manifold; a pilot subsystem charging process for charging a pilot subsystem of the fuel supply system with the fuel gas, the processor controlling the plurality of valves to selectively fluidly connect the fuel gas supply manifold to the pilot subsystem; a fuel supply system fill process for filling the fuel supply system with the fuel gas, the processor controlling the plurality of valves to selectively fluidly connect the fuel gas supply manifold to one or more fuel gas storage vessels, thereby permitting the fuel gas to flow from the fuel gas source to the one or more fuel gas storage vessels via the fuel supply system; a post-fill inerting process for inerting the fuel supply system after filling, the processor controlling the plurality of valves to selectively fluidly connect the purge gas source to the fuel gas supply manifold; The method includes: (Aspect 2) The pre-fill inactivation process monitoring a first pressure of the purge gas in the fuel gas supply manifold with a sensor in electrical communication with the processor; issuing an alarm in response to the first pressure of the purge gas dropping below a first threshold; venting the fuel supply system by selectively fluidly connecting the fuel gas supply manifold to the vent manifold; monitoring a second pressure of the purge gas in the fuel gas supply manifold with the sensor; incrementing, by the processor, a counter in response to the second pressure dropping below a second threshold. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, comprising: (Aspect 3) The leak check process includes: monitoring a first pressure of the fuel gas in the fuel gas supply manifold at a first time with a sensor in electrical communication with the processor; shutting off the fuel gas from the fuel gas supply manifold in response to the first pressure having a temporal rate of change below a threshold value; monitoring a second pressure of the fuel gas in the fuel gas supply manifold with the sensor at a second time later than the first time; issuing an alarm in response to the second pressure of the fuel gas dropping below a second threshold. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, comprising: (Aspect 4) moreover, 13. A computer-implemented method as recited in any of the preceding aspects, comprising venting the fuel supply system by selective fluid connection of the fuel gas supply manifold to the vent manifold. (Aspect 5) moreover, A computer-implemented method as described in any of the preceding aspects, comprising deactivating the fuel gas supply manifold in response to the second pressure of the fuel gas dropping below a second threshold. (Aspect 6) the fuel supply system includes a fuel gas storage container; The pilot subsystem comprises: a pilot subsystem shutoff valve in fluid communication with the fuel gas supply; a shuttle valve responsive to pressure of the fuel gas in the pilot subsystem and operative to contain the fuel gas within the fuel gas storage vessel; a temperature and pressure relief device operative to vent pressure of the fuel gas in the pilot subsystem in response to detecting an increase in temperature of the fuel gas in the fuel gas storage vessel; Including, the shuttle valve is configured to vent the fuel gas from the fuel gas storage vessel in response to the venting of the pressure of the fuel gas in the pilot subsystem using the temperature-pressure relief device; 2. The pilot subsystem charge processing causing, by the processor, the pilot subsystem shutoff valve to open; monitoring a first pressure of the fuel gas in the pilot subsystem with a sensor in electrical communication with the processor; closing, by the processor, the pilot subsystem shutoff valve in response to the first pressure having a temporal rate of change below a threshold value. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, comprising: (Aspect 7) A computer-implemented method as described in any of aspects 1-3 or 6, wherein the pilot subsystem further has a pilot gas throttle in fluid communication with the pilot subsystem shutoff valve and operable to throttle the flow of the fuel gas into the pilot subsystem. (Aspect 8) the fuel supply system includes a fuel gas storage container; the processor controls the plurality of valves to selectively fluidly connect the fuel gas storage vessel to the fuel gas supply manifold; 5. Fuel supply system fill treatment determining, by the processor, a fill pressure set point; supplying the fuel gas to the fuel gas storage vessel through the fuel gas supply manifold by selectively fluidly connecting the fuel gas supply to the fuel gas supply manifold; monitoring a temperature of the fuel gas storage vessel with a temperature sensor in electrical communication with the processor; generating an alarm in response to said monitoring of said temperature; monitoring the pressure of the fuel gas in the fuel gas storage vessel with a pressure sensor in electrical communication with the processor; shutting off, by the processor, the fuel gas from the fuel gas supply manifold in response to the pressure of the fuel gas in the fuel gas storage vessel reaching the fill pressure setpoint; 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, comprising: (Aspect 9) A computer-implemented method according to any of aspects 1-3, 6 or 8, wherein the fill pressure setpoint determination step is performed based on an initial pressure or initial temperature of the fuel gas in the fuel gas storage vessel, measured by the pressure sensor or the temperature sensor, respectively. (Aspect 10) 10. The computer-implemented method of claim 9, wherein the fill pressure set point is determined from an initial pressure in the fuel gas storage vessel and an initial ambient temperature. (Aspect 11) 5. Post-fill inactivation treatment isolating the fuel gas from the fuel gas supply manifold by selectively fluidly connecting the purge gas source to the fuel gas supply manifold; venting the fuel gas supply manifold by selective fluid connection of the fuel gas supply manifold to the vent manifold; monitoring a first pressure of the fuel gas in the fuel gas supply manifold with a sensor in electrical communication with the processor; supplying the purge gas to the fuel gas supply manifold in response to the first pressure of the fuel gas dropping below a first pressure threshold; monitoring the first pressure of the purge gas in the fuel gas supply manifold with the sensor; venting the fuel gas supply manifold by selectively fluidly connecting the fuel gas supply manifold to the vent manifold in response to the first pressure of the purge gas having a temporal rate of change below a rate of change threshold; monitoring a second pressure of the purge gas in the fuel gas supply manifold with the sensor; incrementing, by the processor, a counter in response to the second pressure dropping below a second pressure threshold. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, comprising: (Aspect 12) the fuel gas supply manifold includes a first pressure zone and a second pressure zone; The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein the first pressure zone has a first zone pressure that is higher than or is equal to a second zone pressure of the second pressure zone, and one of the first zone pressure or the second zone pressure includes the pressure of the fuel gas in the first pressure zone or the second pressure zone, respectively. (Aspect 13) The sensor includes: a first sensor in fluid communication with the first pressure zone; a second sensor in fluid communication with the second pressure zone; Including, The leak check process includes: monitoring one of the first or second pressure with the first sensor; monitoring one of the first or second pressure with the second sensor; 11. The computer-implemented method of claim 10, comprising: (Aspect 14) The sensor includes: a first sensor in fluid communication with the first pressure zone; a second sensor in fluid communication with the second pressure zone; Including, The leak check process includes: flowing the fuel gas into the first pressure zone; flowing the fuel gas into the second pressure zone; stopping the flow of the fuel gas to a portion of the second pressure zone with a fuel gas shutoff valve; monitoring a third pressure of the fuel gas within the portion of the second pressure zone downstream of the fuel gas shutoff valve; issuing an alarm in response to the third pressure of the fuel gas exceeding a third threshold. 11. The computer-implemented method of claim 10, comprising: (Aspect 15) the fuel gas supply manifold includes a first pressure zone and a second pressure zone; a first zone pressure of the fuel gas in the first pressure zone is higher than or isobaric with a second zone pressure of the fuel gas in the second pressure zone; 5. Fuel supply system fill treatment supplying the fuel gas to the first pressure zone at the first zone pressure; reducing the pressure of the fuel gas in the first pressure zone from the first zone pressure to the second zone pressure; supplying the fuel gas to the second pressure zone at the second zone pressure; delivering the fuel gas to the fuel gas storage vessel through the second pressure zone and at the second zone pressure; The computer-implemented method of any one of aspects 1-3, 6 or 8, comprising: (Aspect 16) the fuel gas supply manifold includes a first pressure zone and a second pressure zone; a first zone pressure of the fuel gas in the first pressure zone is higher than or isobaric with a second zone pressure of the fuel gas in the second pressure zone; selectively fluidly connecting the fuel gas supply manifold to the vent manifold, the selectively fluidly connecting the first pressure zone to the vent manifold and the selectively fluidly connecting the second pressure zone to the vent manifold; 10. The computer-implemented method of claim 9, wherein the post-fill inactivation process comprises venting each of the first and second pressure zones to the vent manifold by selective fluid connection of each of the first and second pressure zones to the vent manifold. (Aspect 17) 12. The computer-implemented method of any of aspects 1-3, 6, 8 or 11, wherein the fuel gas is hydrogen. (Aspect 18) 12. The computer-implemented method of any of embodiments 1-3, 6, 8 or 11, wherein the fuel supply system includes a fuel gas storage vessel. (Aspect 19) 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, wherein the fuel gas storage vessel is any of a Type I, Type II, Type III, Type IV or metal hydride vessel. (Aspect 20) 12. The computer-implemented method of any of embodiments 1-3, 6, 8 or 11, wherein the fuel supply system is associated with a vehicle. (Aspect 21) 20. The computer-implemented method of claim 18, wherein the vehicle includes a fuel cell system operable to convert the fuel gas into electrical energy. (Aspect 22) 20. The computer-implemented method of claim 19, wherein the fuel cell system powers a propulsion system of the vehicle. (Aspect 23) 20. The computer-implemented method of claim 18, wherein the fuel gas is supplied to the boat by a fuel gas source. (Aspect 24) 22. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, wherein the fuel gas source includes a high pressure vessel operable to be selectively connected to the fuel supply system by a fuel gas supply conduit. (Aspect 25) 23. The computer-implemented method of claim 22, wherein the fuel gas supply conduit comprises a flexible hose. (Aspect 26) Further, a purification process for purifying the fuel supply system is included, The high purification process is monitoring a first pressure of the fuel gas in the fuel gas supply manifold with a sensor in electrical communication with the processor; issuing an alarm in response to the first pressure of the fuel gas dropping below a first threshold; venting the fuel supply system by selectively fluidly connecting the fuel gas supply manifold to the vent manifold; monitoring a second pressure of the fuel gas in the fuel gas supply manifold with the sensor; incrementing, by the processor, a counter in response to the second pressure dropping below a second threshold. 12. The computer-implemented method of any one of aspects 1-3, 6, 8 or 11.

Claims

1. 1. A portable fuel gas system comprising: A portable enclosure; A processor; a touch screen in electrical communication with the processor; a fuel gas supply manifold; a gas flow restrictor in fluid communication with the fuel gas supply manifold, the fuel gas supply manifold having a first pressure zone and a second pressure zone separated from each other by the gas flow restrictor; a fuel gas shutoff valve in the first pressure zone in electrical communication with the processor and operable to control a flow of fuel gas in the fuel gas supply manifold; a vent valve in fluid communication with the fuel gas supply manifold and in electrical communication with the processor; a pressure transmitter in fluid communication with the fuel gas supply manifold and in electrical communication with the processor; Including, the fuel gas supply manifold, the gas flow restrictor, the vent valve, the pressure transmitter and the fuel gas shutoff valve are disposed within the portable enclosure; the processor is configured to receive user input from the touch screen and to perform a purification process on the fuel gas supply manifold; The high purification process is supplying a first portion of the fuel gas in the fuel gas supply to the fuel gas supply manifold by opening the fuel gas shutoff valve; subsequent to delivering the first portion of the fuel gas, at least one of monitoring a first elapsed time from opening of the fuel gas shutoff valve and monitoring pressure in the fuel gas supply manifold via the pressure transmitter; closing the fuel gas shutoff valve based on at least one of the first elapsed time and the pressure reaching a first threshold value; subsequent to closing the fuel gas shutoff valve, monitoring a second elapsed time from closing the fuel gas shutoff valve; venting at least a portion of the first portion of the fuel gas from the fuel gas supply manifold by opening the vent valve based on the second elapsed time reaching a second threshold; subsequent to opening the vent valve, at least one of monitoring a third elapsed time from opening the vent valve and monitoring pressure in the fuel gas supply manifold via the pressure transmitter; closing the vent valve based on at least one of the third elapsed time and the pressure reaching a third threshold value. Including, the processor is further configured to perform a leak check on the fuel gas supply manifold; The leak check is supplying a second portion of the fuel gas from the fuel gas source to the fuel gas supply manifold by opening the fuel gas shutoff valve; subsequent to delivering the second portion of the fuel gas, at least one of monitoring a fourth elapsed time from opening of the fuel gas shutoff valve and monitoring pressure in the fuel gas supply manifold via the pressure transmitter; closing the fuel gas shutoff valve based on at least one of the fourth elapsed time and the pressure reaching a fourth threshold value; monitoring the change in pressure within the fuel gas supply manifold via the pressure transmitter; issuing an alarm via the touch screen or supplying a third portion of the fuel gas from the fuel gas supply manifold to a fuel gas storage vessel based on the change in the pressure in the fuel gas supply manifold; A portable fuel gas system including:

2. 2. The portable fuel gas system of claim 1, A portable fuel gas system, wherein the fuel gas comprises hydrogen.

3. 2. The portable fuel gas system of claim 1 , wherein the vent valve comprises a first fuel gas vent valve in fluid communication with the first pressure zone and configured to selectively vent the fuel gas from the first pressure zone.

4. 4. The portable fuel gas system of claim 3, wherein the vent valve includes a second fuel gas vent valve in fluid communication with the second pressure zone and configured to selectively vent the fuel gas from the second pressure zone.

5. 2. The portable fuel gas system of claim 1, The portable fuel gas system, wherein the gas flow restrictor comprises an isenthalpic throttle.

6. 2. The portable fuel gas system of claim 1, A portable fuel gas system, wherein the second pressure zone is in fluid communication with the fuel gas storage vessel and is operable to supply the third portion of the fuel gas from the fuel gas supply manifold to the fuel gas storage vessel.

7. 2. The portable fuel gas system of claim 1, A portable fuel gas system, wherein the second pressure zone is in fluid communication with a pilot system and is capable of supplying a portion of the third portion of the fuel gas from the fuel gas supply manifold to the pilot system.

8. 1. A computer-implemented method executed by a computer for supplying fuel gas to a fuel gas storage vessel using a portable fuel gas system, comprising: The portable fuel gas system comprises: A portable enclosure; A processor; a touch screen in electrical communication with the processor; a fuel gas supply manifold; a gas flow restrictor in fluid communication with the fuel gas supply manifold, the fuel gas supply manifold having a first pressure zone and a second pressure zone separated from each other by the gas flow restrictor; a fuel gas shutoff valve in fluid communication with the fuel gas supply manifold and operable to control the flow of fuel gas within the fuel gas supply manifold; a vent valve in fluid communication with the fuel gas supply manifold and in electrical communication with the processor; a pressure transmitter in fluid communication with the fuel gas supply manifold and in electrical communication with the processor; A non-volatile computer-readable recording medium; Including, the fuel gas supply manifold, the gas flow restrictor, the vent valve, the pressure transmitter and the fuel gas shutoff valve are disposed within the portable enclosure; The computer-readable medium includes one or more instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform a purification process on the fuel gas supply manifold; The high purification process is supplying a first portion of the fuel gas in the fuel gas supply to the fuel gas supply manifold by opening the fuel gas shutoff valve; subsequent to delivering the first portion of the fuel gas, at least one of monitoring a first elapsed time from opening of the fuel gas shutoff valve and monitoring pressure in the fuel gas supply manifold via the pressure transmitter; closing the fuel gas shutoff valve based on at least one of the first elapsed time and the pressure reaching a first threshold value; subsequent to closing the fuel gas shutoff valve, monitoring a second elapsed time from closing the fuel gas shutoff valve; venting at least a portion of the first portion of the fuel gas from the fuel gas supply manifold by opening the vent valve based on the second elapsed time reaching a second threshold; subsequent to opening the vent valve, at least one of monitoring a third elapsed time from opening the vent valve and monitoring pressure in the fuel gas supply manifold via the pressure transmitter; closing the vent valve based on at least one of the third elapsed time and the pressure reaching a third threshold value. Including, the processor is further configured to perform a leak check on the fuel gas supply manifold; The leak check is supplying a second portion of the fuel gas from the fuel gas source to the fuel gas supply manifold by opening the fuel gas shutoff valve; subsequent to delivering the second portion of the fuel gas, at least one of monitoring a fourth elapsed time from opening of the fuel gas shutoff valve and monitoring pressure in the fuel gas supply manifold via the pressure transmitter; closing the fuel gas shutoff valve based on at least one of the fourth elapsed time and the pressure reaching a fourth threshold value; monitoring the change in pressure within the fuel gas supply manifold via the pressure transmitter; issuing an alarm via the touch screen or supplying a third portion of the fuel gas from the fuel gas supply manifold to the fuel gas storage vessel based on the change in pressure in the fuel gas supply manifold; A computer-implemented method comprising:

9. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, comprising: The computer-implemented method, wherein the vent valve includes a first fuel gas vent valve in fluid communication with the first pressure zone and configured to selectively vent the fuel gas from the first pressure zone.

10. 10. The computer-implemented method of claim 9, further comprising: The computer-implemented method, wherein the vent valve includes a second fuel gas vent valve in fluid communication with the second pressure zone and configured to selectively vent the fuel gas from the second pressure zone.

11. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, comprising: A computer-implemented method, wherein the gas flow restrictor comprises an isenthalpic throttle.

12. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, comprising: A computer-implemented method, wherein the second pressure zone is in fluid communication with the fuel gas storage vessel and is operable to supply the third portion of the fuel gas to the fuel gas storage vessel.

13. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, comprising: A computer-implemented method, wherein the second pressure zone is in fluid communication with a pilot system and is operable to supply a portion of the third portion of the fuel gas from the fuel gas supply manifold to the pilot system.

14. 1. A portable hydrogen gas delivery system, comprising: A portable enclosure is included, The portable enclosure includes: A processor; a touch screen in electrical communication with the processor; a fuel gas supply manifold configured to receive the hydrogen gas; a gas flow restrictor in fluid communication with the fuel gas supply manifold, the fuel gas supply manifold having a first pressure zone and a second pressure zone separated from each other by the gas flow restrictor; a fuel gas shutoff valve in the first pressure zone in electrical communication with the processor and operable to control the flow of the hydrogen gas in the fuel gas supply manifold; a vent valve in fluid communication with the fuel gas supply manifold and in electrical communication with the processor; a pressure transmitter in fluid communication with the fuel gas supply manifold and in electrical communication with the processor; Including, the fuel gas supply manifold, the gas flow restrictor, the vent valve, the pressure transmitter and the fuel gas shutoff valve are disposed within the portable enclosure; the processor is configured to perform a purification process on the fuel gas supply manifold; The high purification process is supplying a first portion of the hydrogen gas in a fuel gas supply to the fuel gas supply manifold by opening the fuel gas shutoff valve; subsequent to delivering the first portion of the hydrogen gas, at least one of monitoring a first elapsed time from opening of the fuel gas shutoff valve and monitoring pressure in the fuel gas supply manifold via the pressure transmitter; closing the fuel gas shutoff valve based on at least one of the first elapsed time and the pressure reaching a first threshold value; subsequent to closing the fuel gas shutoff valve, monitoring a second elapsed time from closing the fuel gas shutoff valve; venting at least a portion of the first portion of the hydrogen gas by opening the vent valve based on the second elapsed time reaching a second threshold. subsequent to opening the vent valve, at least one of monitoring a third elapsed time from opening the vent valve and monitoring pressure in the fuel gas supply manifold via the pressure transmitter; closing the vent valve based on at least one of the third elapsed time and the pressure reaching a third threshold value. Including, the processor is further configured to perform a leak check on the fuel gas supply manifold; The leak check is supplying a second portion of the hydrogen gas from the fuel gas source to the fuel gas supply manifold by opening the fuel gas shutoff valve; subsequent to delivering the second portion of the hydrogen gas, at least one of: monitoring a fourth elapsed time from opening of the fuel gas shutoff valve; and monitoring pressure in the fuel gas supply manifold via the pressure transmitter. closing the fuel gas shutoff valve based on at least one of the fourth elapsed time and the pressure reaching a fourth threshold value; monitoring the change in pressure within the fuel gas supply manifold via the pressure transmitter; issuing an alarm via the touch screen or supplying a third portion of the hydrogen gas from the fuel gas supply manifold to a fuel gas storage vessel based on the change in the pressure in the fuel gas supply manifold; 1. A portable hydrogen gas delivery system comprising:

15. 10. The portable fuel gas system of claim 1, further comprising: a mobile user device in wireless communication with the processor; The user input includes a first user input received from the touch screen or a second user input received from the mobile user device via the wireless communication.

16. 10. The portable fuel gas system of claim 1, further comprising: A portable fuel gas system including a vent mast in fluid communication with the vent valve.

17. 10. The portable fuel gas system of claim 1, further comprising: A portable fuel gas system including a battery in electrical communication with the processor and one or more of the touch screen, the fuel gas shutoff valve, the vent valve, or the pressure transmitter.

18. 9. A program executed by a computer to perform the computer-implemented method of claim 8.

19. A recording medium on which the program according to claim 18 is recorded so as to be readable by a computer.

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