Refrigerant circuit for a cooling device having a heat accumulator and method for controlling the refrigerant circuit

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a refrigerant circuit for cooling and / or heating purposes. In particular, the present disclosure relates to a refrigerant circuit (1) for a cooling device with a heat storage device using CO2 as a refrigerant, comprising at least one compressor (10), a heat source-side heat exchanger (11), an expansion device (12), and a heat storage device (20). The heat storage device (20) contains a heat storage material, preferably a phase change material (PCM), selected from the group consisting of paraffin, a bio-based organic PCM such as a carbohydrate or derived lipid, or water. The refrigerant circuit (1) further includes a first fluid communication pipe (30) and a second fluid communication pipe (40). The first fluid communication pipe (30) is in communication between the fluid side of the heat source-side heat exchanger (11) and one side of the heat storage device (20). The second fluid communication pipe (40) is in communication between the expansion device (12) and the other side of the heat storage device (20).

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a refrigerant circuit for cooling and / or heating purposes. In particular, the present disclosure relates to a refrigerant circuit for a refrigeration device having a heat storage, in particular a heat storage having a phase change material (PCM). More particularly, the present disclosure relates to a refrigerant circuit for a refrigeration device having a heat storage using CO2 as a refrigerant. [Background technology]

[0002] As described in European Patent Application Publication No. 2,402,681 (EP2,402,681A1), cooling devices having a refrigerant circuit that executes a cooling cycle have been known in the past. For example, this type of cooling device is widely used in coolers such as refrigerators and freezers for storing food and the like, and air conditioners for cooling / heating a room.

[0003] Also, EP2,844,924B1 discloses an air conditioning system including a chiller system having a compressor, a condenser, an expansion device and an evaporator, a phase change material in thermal communication with the condenser, an actuator connected to the phase change material, and a controller outputting a trigger signal to the actuator to initiate the change of the phase change material from a supercooled state to a solid state. In the air conditioning system, the phase change material has a coolant supply line in thermal communication with the phase change material, and the coolant supply line is connected to the chiller system. The phase change material is selected such that the phase change material transitions from liquid to solid when the chiller system has low or no cooling demand. Such a transition can occur at night when the ambient temperature is low. During the day, the phase change material in a solid or frozen state absorbs energy from the condenser, which increases the efficiency of the condenser when the chiller system is operating, thereby increasing the efficiency and capacity of the chiller system.

[0004] The air conditioning system described in EP 2,844,924 aims to provide a system capable of balancing cooling demands using a phase change material as a thermal buffer between the condenser and the ambient air temperature. During the day, the phase change material absorbs heat from the condenser and releases it to the outside air. Due to its thermal capacity and latent heat release, the phase change material warms up slower than the air, thus resulting in greater energy efficiency. At night, the phase change material is cooled quickly by the fresh air temperature using only a fan.

[0005] However, active cooling of the phase change material by a fan is inefficient and therefore the system is not suitable for warm climates where temperatures remain high, especially at night. Also, the described system does not achieve significant improvements in energy efficiency, but may "even out" the energy consumption pattern due to the thermal response time of the phase change material. This is true because the active cooling of the phase change material also heats the condenser when it is in thermal communication with the phase change material and there is no control over its use.

[0006] Also, fluorocarbons have traditionally been used as refrigerants in cooling systems. However, after the Montreal Protocol in 1987 and the Kyoto Protocol in 1997, artificially developed alternative chlorofluorocarbons with low ozone depletion potential have become commonly used as refrigerants. Furthermore, in recent years, technology has been developed to use more environmentally friendly alternative materials, especially natural refrigerants, such as carbon dioxide, ammonia, hydrocarbons (isobutene, propane, etc.), water and air. These natural refrigerants are materials that have extremely low GWP (global warming potential) values ​​compared to the above-mentioned chlorofluorocarbons and alternative chlorofluorocarbons.

[0007] Among these, carbon dioxide is known to have zero ozone depletion potential, a very low global warming potential compared to conventional refrigerants, is non-toxic, non-flammable, and has the best efficiency of generating high temperatures among natural refrigerants. Carbon dioxide is also attracting attention as a refrigerant for air conditioners from the environmental / energy and safety perspectives.

[0008] However, carbon dioxide (CO2) is less efficient than fluorinated refrigerants when the outside temperature is high, so on an annual basis, the performance of air conditioning systems using CO2 as a refrigerant is lower compared to fluorinated refrigerants, especially in warm climates. Summary of the Invention

[0009] In view of the above, there is a need for a refrigerant circuit for a cooling device with a thermal accumulator, using carbon dioxide (CO2) as refrigerant and capable of storing thermal energy, particularly for cold, preferably at night, when the outside temperature is low, and thermal energy during peak temperatures, transcritical conditions during the day or peak demands, without a significant loss of cooling efficiency, particularly with the use of natural refrigerants such as carbon dioxide, thus ensuring a high cooling capacity and flexibility regarding the storage of cold in the accumulator. Furthermore, if necessary or possible under certain circumstances, the refrigerant circuit provided should be capable of storing thermal energy, particularly for cold, even at peak temperatures, when a lot / surplus PV power (CO2-neutral energy generation) is available.

[0010] This object is achieved by a refrigerant circuit according to claim 1. Certain aspects will become apparent from the dependent claims, the following description and the accompanying drawings.

[0011] In a first aspect of the present disclosure, a refrigerant circuit for a cooling device with a heat accumulator using carbon dioxide (CO2) as a refrigerant is provided, the refrigerant circuit comprising at least one compressor, a heat source side heat exchanger, an expansion device and a heat accumulator. The heat accumulator comprises a phase change material (PCM) selected from the group consisting of paraffin, a bio-based organic PCM such as carbohydrate or derived lipid, or water. The refrigerant circuit further comprises a first fluid communication pipe and a second fluid communication pipe. The first fluid communication pipe is in communication between a fluid side of the heat source side heat exchanger and one side of the heat accumulator. The second fluid communication pipe is in communication between the expansion device and the other side of the heat accumulator.

[0012] It is therefore possible to provide a refrigerant circuit that can store thermal energy, in particular cold, for example when the outside temperature is low, and that can use the stored thermal energy during the day in the event of transcritical conditions or peak demands, in order to fully avoid the loss of cooling efficiency due to the use of natural refrigerants, in particular carbon dioxide, thereby ensuring a high cooling capacity and providing flexibility in terms of the storage of cold in the thermal accumulator. Furthermore, the provided refrigerant circuit can also store thermal energy, in particular cold, during peak temperatures, if the situation requires or if feasible, for example with excess PV (photovoltaic) power or other non-CO2-generated (CO2-neutral) electricity. The storage of thermal energy, in particular cold, during peak temperatures can also be performed if other situations require or if feasible, for example with excess PV (photovoltaic) power or other non-CO2-generated (CO2-neutral) electricity. In this way, the provided refrigerant circuit can store thermal energy not only when this is possible due to low outside temperatures, but also when surplus renewable electricity is available, further reducing carbon dioxide emissions overall even when the refrigerant circuit is inefficient.

[0013] With respect to the term "natural refrigerant," this term refers in this disclosure to a refrigerant that occurs in nature.

[0014] Also, in this disclosure, the term "fluid" with respect to "fluid communication pipes" and "fluid ports" refers to a fluid that flows through it in a supercritical condition (supercritical fluid), particularly CO2. Supercritical conditions (supercritical fluid) mean that the fluid is at a temperature and pressure above its critical point and that separate liquid and gas phases do not exist. Thus, "fluid communication pipes" and "fluid ports" are generic "liquid communication pipes" and "liquid ports" and merely emphasize that the fluid that flows through it is in a supercritical condition.

[0015] In a second aspect, the refrigerant circuit further includes a first switching mechanism provided / disposed on the first fluid communication pipe and in communication between the heat source side heat exchanger, the heat accumulator, the third fluid communication pipe, and the first gas communication pipe. The third fluid communication pipe is in communication with the expansion device, and the first gas communication pipe is in communication with the suction side of the compressor.

[0016] In a third aspect, the first switching mechanism may have a first valve and preferably a second valve. The first valve is a three-way valve and is in a state of communication between the heat source side heat exchanger, the expansion device, and the heat accumulator. The second valve is a three-way valve and is disposed / provided between the first valve and the heat accumulator, and is in a state of communication between the first valve, the heat accumulator, and the first gas communication pipe.

[0017] In a fourth aspect, the first switching mechanism may include a first valve. The first valve is a four-way valve and is in a state of communication between the heat source side heat exchanger, the heat accumulator, the first gas communication pipe, and the expansion device. The first switching mechanism preferably further includes a check valve that stops reverse flow from the third fluid communication pipe to the first valve.

[0018] In a fifth aspect, the refrigerant circuit can include a second switching mechanism disposed / provided in the second fluid communication pipe and in communication between the heat storage device, the expansion device, and a fourth fluid communication pipe, the fourth fluid communication pipe being in communication with the utilization side heat exchanger.

[0019] In a sixth aspect, the second switching mechanism can be a three-way valve in communication between the thermal storage, the expansion valve and the utilization-side heat exchanger. Preferably, an expansion device is disposed / provided in the fourth fluid communication pipe and disposed between the second switching mechanism and the utilization-side heat exchanger.

[0020] In a seventh aspect, the refrigerant circuit further comprises a receiver, preferably disposed in the third fluid communication pipe between the expansion device and the utilization side heat exchanger, the receiver configured to separate liquid refrigerant and gaseous refrigerant.

[0021] In an eighth aspect, the refrigerant circuit further comprises a subcooling heat exchanger preferably disposed / provided between the utilization side heat exchanger and the expansion device, more preferably between the utilization side heat exchanger and the receiver.

[0022] In a ninth aspect, the refrigerant circuit further comprises an expansion device, particularly a storage expansion valve, disposed in the fourth fluid communication pipe and between the second switching mechanism and the utilization heat exchanger, and a controller, the controller configured to select a mode of operation.

[0023] The modes include a normal refrigeration and / or cooling mode, a cold storage run mode, and a cold storage use mode. In particular, the modes are as follows:

[0024] In a normal refrigeration and / or cooling mode, the first switching mechanism is set such that the first fluid communication pipe is in communication with the third fluid communication pipe and the expansion device is closed.

[0025] In the cold storage execution mode, the first switching mechanism is set so that the first fluid communication pipe is in communication with the third fluid communication pipe and the first gas communication pipe is in communication with the heat accumulator, and the second switching mechanism is set so that the fourth fluid communication pipe is in communication with the heat accumulator and the expansion device is open.

[0026] In the cold storage use mode, the first switching mechanism is set so that the first fluid communication pipe is in communication with the heat storage device, and the second switching mechanism is set so that the second fluid communication pipe is in communication with the heat storage device and the expansion device is closed.

[0027] In a tenth aspect, the refrigerant circuit may further include an exterior temperature sensor, a gas cooler temperature sensor, a heat storage medium temperature sensor, and a discharge pressure sensor disposed on the high pressure side of the at least one compressor.

[0028] In an eleventh aspect, the refrigerant circuit may further include a heat storage unit. The heat storage unit includes a heat accumulator and a water circuit, a refrigerant-phase change material (PCM) circuit, or a refrigerant-water-phase change material (PCM) circuit. The refrigerant-water-phase change material (PCM) circuit includes a heat exchanger, in particular a plate heat exchanger, and a circulation pump.

[0029] In a twelfth aspect, the refrigerant circuit may further include a heat storage unit. The heat storage unit has a first switching mechanism and a second switching mechanism.

[0030] In a thirteenth aspect, the refrigerant circuit having a receiver can further include a heat exchange unit. The heat exchange unit includes a receiver and a subcooling heat exchanger.

[0031] In a fourteenth aspect, there is provided a method of controlling a refrigerant circuit for a refrigeration device having a heat storage unit using CO2 as a refrigerant, in particular a refrigerant circuit as described above, the method having different modes of operation.

[0032] The modes include a normal refrigeration and / or cooling mode, a cold storage run mode, and a cold storage use mode.

[0033] In a normal refrigeration and / or cooling mode, the first switching mechanism is set such that the first fluid communication pipe is in communication with the third fluid communication pipe and the expansion device is closed.

[0034] In the cold storage execution mode, the first switching mechanism is set so that the first fluid communication pipe is in communication with the third fluid communication pipe and the first gas communication pipe is in communication with the heat accumulator, and the second switching mechanism is set so that the fourth fluid communication pipe is in communication with the heat accumulator and the expansion device is open.

[0035] In the cold storage use mode, the first switching mechanism is set so that the first fluid communication pipe is in communication with the heat storage device, and the second switching mechanism is set so that the second fluid communication pipe is in communication with the heat storage device and the expansion device is closed.

[0036] In a fifteenth aspect, in the method, a first fluid communication pipe can be in communication between a fluid side of the heat source heat exchanger and one side of the thermal storage device, a second fluid communication pipe can be in communication between the expansion device and the other side of the thermal storage device, a third fluid communication pipe can be in communication with the expansion device, and / or a first gas communication pipe can be in communication with a suction side of the at least one compressor.

[0037] The modes of operation may further include a cold storage run and a simultaneous refrigeration and / or cooling mode, the controller being configured to prioritize refrigeration and / or cooling over cold storage run.

[0038] The cold storage making mode can include a mode in which only cold storage is performed (cold storage making mode only) and a mode in which cold storage is performed and refrigeration and / or cooling is performed (cold storage making and refrigeration and / or cooling mode). The cold storage using mode can include a mode in which refrigeration and / or cooling is performed and cold storage is used (refrigeration and / or cooling and using cold storage mode).

[0039] The method for controlling a refrigerant circuit can be used to control the refrigerant circuit of the present disclosure. The method can also be used to control or be realized with the above-mentioned heat storage unit. Therefore, the further features disclosed in connection with the above description of the method for controlling a refrigerant circuit also apply to the refrigerant circuit or heat storage unit of the present disclosure. The same is true conversely for the heat exchange unit, i.e. further features of the heat exchange unit can also be applied to the method for controlling a refrigerant circuit.

[0040] A more complete appreciation of the present disclosure and many of the advantages thereof will be readily obtained as the same becomes better understood from the following detailed description, when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: [Brief description of the drawings]

[0041] [Figure 1] 1 shows a conventional air conditioning system having a supercooled phase change material (PCM). [Diagram 2] FIG. 1 is a refrigerant circuit diagram showing the configuration of a refrigerant circuit according to a first embodiment. [Diagram 3] FIG. 1 is a refrigerant circuit diagram showing a configuration of a heat storage unit according to a first embodiment. [Figure 4] FIG. 11 is a refrigerant circuit diagram showing the configuration of a heat storage unit according to a second embodiment. [Diagram 5] FIG. 11 is a refrigerant circuit diagram showing the configuration of a heat storage unit according to a third embodiment. [Figure 6] FIG. 1 is a refrigerant circuit diagram showing a configuration of a heat exchange unit according to a first embodiment. [Figure 7] FIG. 2 is a refrigerant circuit diagram showing the configuration of the cooling device of the first embodiment during normal freezing / refrigeration and cooling operations. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 is a refrigerant circuit diagram showing the cooling device of FIG. 7 during refrigeration and freezing operation using a heat accumulator. [Figure 9] FIG. 8 is a refrigerant circuit diagram showing the cooling device of FIG. 7 during refrigeration and cooling operation using a thermal storage device. [Figure 10] FIG. 8 is a refrigerant circuit diagram showing the cooling device of FIG. 7 during charging only operation of the heat accumulator. [Figure 11] FIG. 8 is a refrigerant circuit diagram showing the cooling device of FIG. 7 during refrigeration and freezing operations with simultaneous storage in the heat accumulator. [Figure 12] FIG. 11 is a refrigerant circuit diagram showing the configuration of a cooling device having a capacity increasing unit according to a second embodiment. [Figure 13] FIG. 2 is a refrigerant circuit diagram showing a capacity increasing unit. [Figure 14] FIG. 2 is a refrigerant circuit diagram showing a combination unit having a capacity increasing unit and a heat storage unit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0042] Some embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art of air conditioning from the present disclosure that the following description of the embodiments of the present disclosure is merely illustrative and does not limit the present disclosure defined by the appended claims.

[0043] FIG. 1 shows a conventional air conditioning system 100 having a phase change material (PCM) that is subcooled. The chiller system includes a compressor 110, a first heat exchanger 112, an expansion device 114, and a second heat exchanger 116. The first heat exchanger 112 can be used as a condenser coil and can be located outside the building or space to be conditioned. The second heat exchanger 116 can be used as an evaporator coil. As known in the art, the refrigerant undergoes a vapor compression cycle through the compressor 110, the condenser 112, the expansion device 114, and the evaporator 116. Heat is absorbed in the evaporator 116. Also, heat is released in the condenser 112.

[0044] The system of Figure 1 may be a water-cooled chiller system. The evaporator 116 is in thermal communication with a heat exchanger 118 (e.g., a coil) through which a fluid coolant, e.g., water, passes. A supply pump 120 circulates the coolant cooled by the evaporator 116 from the heat exchanger 118 to a supply valve 122. The supply valve 22 supplies the cooled water to a particular area terminal where a fan draws air through the coil to cool the space as known in the art. A return valve 124 receives the returning fluid from the particular area terminal and supplies the returning fluid to the heat exchanger 118.

[0045] 1 also shows a condenser coil 112 in thermal communication with the phase change material 126. A fan 128 draws air through the phase change material 126 to cool it. A controller 132 then initiates the transition of the phase change material 126 from a supercooled liquid to a solid. When the phase change material 126 is in a supercooled state, an actuator 130 is used to initiate the transition of the phase change material 126 from a supercooled liquid to a solid. The actuator 130 includes a thermoelectric cooler to solidify the phase change material 126. The controller 132 receives a phase change material temperature signal from a phase change material sensor 134 and an ambient temperature signal from an ambient temperature sensor 136.

[0046] The phase change material 126 is selected such that the phase change material transitions from a liquid to a solid state when the cooling demands of the chiller system are low or absent. Such a transition may occur at night when the ambient temperature is cooler. During the day, the phase change material 126 in its solid or frozen state absorbs energy from the condenser 112 when the chiller system is operating, thereby increasing the efficiency and capacity of the chiller system.

[0047] FIG. 2 is a diagram of a refrigerant circuit 1 showing the configuration of the refrigerant circuit of the first embodiment. The illustrated refrigerant circuit uses CO2 as a refrigerant and has one compressor 10, a heat source side heat exchanger of an outdoor unit of a so-called "Conveni-Pack" that usually has a cooler such as a refrigerator and a freezer for storing food, and an air conditioner (indoor unit) for cooling / heating the interior of a room, especially a showroom / shopping room. In the illustrated refrigerant circuit, only one indoor unit and one cooler are illustrated as an example, but the refrigerant circuit can of course have multiple coolers and air conditioners. The illustrated refrigerant circuit further has a heat storage unit 100 and a heat exchange unit 200, which will be described in more detail below. The heat storage unit 100 has a heat storage unit 20 that has / contains a heat storage material 21 that is a phase change material (PCM). The illustrated refrigerant circuit further includes a first fluid communication pipe 30 connecting the fluid side of the heat source side heat exchanger 11 to one side of the heat storage device 20, and a second fluid communication pipe 40 connecting the expansion device 12 to the other side of the heat storage device 20.

[0048] In this regard, the word "connect" is used in the present disclosure to define that two elements, e.g. "one side of the thermal storage" and "thermal storage", are connected to each other for liquid-tight and gas-tight transfer / exchange / flow of a fluid, such as a refrigerant, from one element to the other by a connecting means, e.g. a "liquid pipe" or a "gas pipe". In other words, the connecting means provides a fluid connection.

[0049] The refrigerant circuit 1 further has a first switching mechanism 31. The first switching mechanism 31 is disposed in the first fluid communication pipe 30, and connects the heat source side heat exchanger 11, the heat accumulator 20, the third fluid communication pipe 50, and the first gas communication pipe 60 in a fluid communication state with each other. The third fluid communication pipe 50 is connected in fluid communication with the expansion device 12, and the first gas communication pipe 60 is connected in fluid communication with the suction side of the compressor 10.

[0050] The illustrated refrigerant circuit 1 further includes a second switching mechanism 41. The second switching mechanism 41 is disposed in the second fluid communication pipe 40, and connects the heat accumulator 20, the expansion device 12, and the fourth fluid communication pipe 70 in a fluid communication state with each other. The fourth fluid communication pipe 70 is connected in a fluid communication state with the utilization side heat exchanger 80A.

[0051] 2 further shows the refrigerant circuit 1 with a receiver 201. The receiver 201 is arranged in the third fluid communication pipe 50 between the expansion device 12 and the utilization side heat exchanger 80A. The receiver 201 is configured to separate the refrigerant entering from the expansion device 12 in a subcritical state into liquid and gaseous refrigerant.

[0052] The illustrated refrigerant circuit 1 also shows that the refrigerant circuit 1 further includes an additional utilization side heat exchanger 80B, the liquid side of which is in communication with the expansion device 12 via the receiver 201, and the gas side of which is in communication with the compressor 10.

[0053] As shown in FIG. 2, the utilization side heat exchanger 80A can be a heat exchanger of an air conditioner, particularly an indoor unit, and the additional utilization side heat exchanger 80B can be a heat exchanger of a cooler, for example a refrigerator or a freezer.

[0054] FIG. 3 is a refrigerant circuit diagram showing the configuration of the heat storage unit of the first embodiment. The illustrated heat storage unit 100 is a part of the above-mentioned refrigerant circuit 1. The switching mechanism 1 is configured in the first mode. The illustrated heat storage unit 100 has a heat storage device 20, a heat storage unit gas port 62, a first heat storage unit fluid port 72, a second heat storage unit fluid port 32A, and a third heat storage unit fluid port 52A. The heat storage device 20 has the above-mentioned heat storage material 21, which is a phase change material (PCM). The heat storage unit gas port 62 is in communication with the utilization side heat exchanger 80A and is disposed outside the heat storage unit 100. The first heat storage unit fluid port 72 is in communication with the utilization side heat exchanger 80A. The second heat storage unit fluid port 32A is in communication with the heat source side heat exchanger 11 and is disposed outside the heat storage unit 100. The third thermal storage unit fluid port 52A is in communication with the expansion device 12 and is disposed outside the thermal storage unit 100.

[0055] The illustrated heat storage unit 100 further includes a first switching mechanism 31 and a second switching mechanism 41. The first switching mechanism 31 is in communication with the second heat storage unit fluid port 32A, the third heat storage unit fluid port 52A, the heat storage unit gas port 62, and one side of the heat storage unit 20. The second switching mechanism 41 is in communication with the first heat storage unit fluid port 72, the third heat storage unit fluid port 52A, and the other side of the heat storage unit 20.

[0056] 3 further includes a refrigerant heat exchange pipe 22 disposed in the heat storage device 20, particularly inside the heat storage material 21. The first switching mechanism 31 is connected in fluid communication with one end of the refrigerant heat exchange pipe 22. The second switching mechanism 41 is connected in fluid communication with the other end of the refrigerant heat exchange pipe 22.

[0057] In the illustrated embodiment, the first switching mechanism 31 has a first valve 31A and a second valve 31B. The first valve 31A is a three-way valve, and is in a state of communication between the second heat storage unit fluid port 32A, the third heat storage unit fluid port 52A, and the heat storage device 20. The second valve 31B is a three-way valve, and is disposed between the first valve 31A and the heat storage device 20, and is in a state of communication between the first valve 31A, the heat storage device 20, and the heat storage unit gas port 62.

[0058] A check valve 31A that blocks backflow from the third heat storage unit fluid port 52A to the first valve 31A is provided between the first valve 31A and the third heat storage unit fluid port 52A.

[0059] The illustrated second switching mechanism 41 is a three-way valve that fluidly connects the first heat storage unit fluid port 72, the third heat storage unit fluid port 52A, and the heat accumulator 20. The expansion device 101 is disposed between the second switching mechanism 41 and the first heat storage unit fluid port 72.

[0060] The second heat storage unit fluid communication pipe 40 is connected to the third heat storage unit fluid communication pipe 50 between the third heat storage unit fluid port 52A and the check valve 53. The heat storage unit gas communication pipe 60 connects the heat storage unit gas port 62 and the first switching mechanism 31, particularly the second valve 31B, in a mutually fluidly connected state.

[0061] Fig. 4 is a refrigerant circuit diagram showing the configuration of the heat storage unit 100 according to the second embodiment, particularly the configuration of another aspect. Except for the configuration of the first switching mechanism, the illustrated refrigerant circuit corresponds to the refrigerant circuit disclosed in Fig. 3. In the illustrated configuration of the other aspect, the first valve 31A is a four-way valve that connects the second heat storage unit fluid port 32A, the heat accumulator 20, the heat storage unit gas port 62, and the third heat storage unit fluid port 52A in a fluid communication state.

[0062] 5 is a refrigerant circuit diagram showing the configuration of a heat storage unit 100 according to the third embodiment, particularly according to a third alternative aspect. In the illustrated alternative aspect, the above-mentioned refrigerant heat exchange pipe 22 is not used, but a heat exchanger 102 is used instead. As illustrated, the heat exchanger 102 is preferably a plate heat exchanger having one side in communication with the first switching mechanism 31 and the second switching mechanism 41, and the other side in communication with one side of the heat storage device 20 and the other side of the heat storage device 20.

[0063] Furthermore, the heat storage unit 100 comprises a circulation pump 103 arranged in the second heat storage unit fluid communication pipe 40 between the heat exchanger 102 and the heat storage 20. The heat storage thus comprises a closed loop, in particular using water as coolant. The circulation pump circulates the coolant through the heat storage 20, whereby it exchanges heat with the heat storage material 21 of the heat storage, and then to the heat exchanger 102, where it exchanges heat again with the refrigerant of the refrigerant circuit 1. The circulation pump 103 thus makes it possible to control the amount of thermal energy exchanged between the heat storage 20, in particular the heat storage material 21, and the refrigerant of the refrigerant circuit 1.

[0064] The embodiment described with respect to FIG. 5 can be combined with both other aspects relating to the first switching mechanism, ie the first three-way or four-way valve 31A.

[0065] 6 is a refrigerant circuit diagram showing the configuration of a heat exchange unit 200 of the first embodiment. The illustrated heat exchange unit 200 has a compressor 10, a heat source side heat exchanger 11, an expansion device 12, a heat exchange unit gas port 92 that is in communication with the utilization side heat exchanger 80A and is arranged outside the heat exchange unit 200, a first heat exchange unit fluid port 96 that is in communication with the utilization side heat exchanger 80A, a second heat exchange unit fluid port 32B that is in communication with the heat source side heat exchanger 11, and a third heat exchange unit fluid port 52B that is in communication with the expansion device 12. The illustrated second heat exchange unit fluid port 32B is connected in fluid communication with the above-mentioned heat storage unit 100 that is arranged outside the heat exchange unit 200. The third heat exchange unit fluid port 52B is connected in fluid communication with the heat storage unit 100.

[0066] The illustrated heat exchange unit 200 further includes a heat exchange unit gas communication pipe 90, a first heat exchange unit fluid communication pipe 30, and a second heat exchange unit fluid communication pipe 50. The heat exchange unit gas communication pipe 90 is in communication between a heat exchange unit gas port 92 and at least one compressor 10. The first heat exchange unit fluid communication pipe 30 is in communication between a second heat exchange unit fluid port 32B and a heat source side heat exchanger 11. The second heat exchange unit fluid communication pipe 50 is in communication between a third heat exchange unit fluid port 52B and a first heat exchange unit fluid port 96.

[0067] The expansion device 12 is disposed in the second heat exchange unit fluid communication pipe 50 between the first heat exchange unit fluid port 96 and the third heat exchange unit fluid port 52B.

[0068] The illustrated heat exchange unit 200 further comprises the above-mentioned receiver 201 disposed in the second heat exchange unit fluid communication pipe 50 between the first heat exchange unit fluid port 96 and the expansion device 12. The receiver 201 is configured to separate the liquid refrigerant from the gaseous refrigerant. The heat exchange unit 200 further comprises a fourth heat exchange unit fluid port 203. The fourth heat exchange unit fluid port 203 fluidly connects the expansion device 12 with an additional utilization side heat exchanger 80B disposed outside the heat exchange unit 200.

[0069] The illustrated heat exchange unit 200 further includes a third heat exchange unit fluid communication pipe 202 that fluidly connects a fourth heat exchange unit fluid port 203 with the expansion device 12 and is connected to the second heat exchange unit fluid communication pipe 50 between the first heat exchange unit fluid port 96 and the receiver 201.

[0070] 7 is a refrigerant circuit diagram showing the configuration of the cooling device 300 of the first embodiment during normal refrigeration and cooling operations. The illustrated cooling device 300 further includes the above-mentioned refrigerant circuit 1, heat storage unit 100 and heat exchange unit 200, which will be described in further detail for illustrative purposes.

[0071] The illustrated heat exchange unit 200 further includes a subcooling heat exchanger 204 disposed between the first heat exchange unit fluid port 96 and the receiver 201 .

[0072] The cooling device 300 has three coolers, such as a refrigerator and a freezer for storing food, and three air conditioners (indoor units) for cooling / heating the interior of a room, particularly a showroom / shopping room. Each of the three indoor units is provided with one use-side heat exchanger 380A-380C, and each of the three refrigerators is provided with one additional use-side heat exchanger 301A-301C.

[0073] Furthermore, the illustrated heat exchange unit 200 has a second compressor 310B and a third compressor 310C arranged in parallel with each other and upstream of the compressor 10 of the basic configuration described above. In this way, the three compressors 310A to 310B form a two-stage compressor system. The second compressor 310B communicates with the additional use-side heat exchangers 301A to 301C to form a refrigeration / refrigeration (refrigeration) circuit. The third compressor 310C communicates with the use-side heat exchangers 380A to 380C to form an air conditioning (air conditioning) circuit. The three compressors 310A to 310C can be variable capacity compressors and / or fixed capacity compressors depending on the requirements for the refrigerant device. All three compressors 310A to 310C are hermetic scroll compressors.

[0074] The illustrated heat exchange unit 200 further includes an injection pipe 206 connecting in fluid communication between the gas side of the receiver 201 and the suction side of the first compressor 10, 310A. The injection pipe 206 is configured to inject the intermediate pressure refrigerant collected by the receiver 201 into the first compressor 10, 310A. As shown in Fig. 7, before connecting to the suction side of the first compressor 10, 310A, the injection pipe 206 merges with two high pressure pipes 207, 208 in communication between the high pressure sides of the second compressor 310B and the third compressor 310C and the suction side of the first compressor 10, 310A.

[0075] Furthermore, the injection pipe 206 is provided with an expansion device 207 , preferably located before the point where the injection pipe 206 connects with the high pressure pipes 207 , 208 . (Control mode explanation) First example: Normal refrigeration and cooling operation

[0076] As already explained above, FIG. 7 shows the cooling device 300 in normal refrigeration and cooling operation. Thus, all three compressors 310A-310C are switched on, which means that the second compressor 310B is sucking low pressure refrigerant from the additional user side heat exchangers 301A-301C of the three coolers, and the third compressor 310C is sucking refrigerant from the user side heat exchanger 380C of one of the three indoor units. Through the high pressure pipes 207, 208, the two compressors 310B, 310C supply intermediate pressure refrigerant to the first compressor 310A. The first compressor 310A further compresses the refrigerant and discharges high pressure refrigerant, which flows to the heat source side heat exchanger 11 acting as a gas cooler. Such refrigerant cools by releasing heat to the outside air provided by an outdoor fan. The high-pressure refrigerant flowing out from the heat source side heat exchanger 11 flows through the first fluid communication pipe 30 to the first switching mechanism 31, particularly to the first valve 31A which is a three-way valve. The three-way valve 31A is in a state in which the first fluid communication pipe 30 is in communication with the third fluid communication pipe 50, and the flow to the second valve 31B is blocked. Therefore, the high-pressure refrigerant does not flow through the heat accumulator 20, i.e., does not exchange heat with the heat accumulator 20 through the heat exchanger 102, but flows directly to the expansion device 12 which is an expansion valve. When flowing through the expansion device 12, the pressure of the cooled high-pressure refrigerant decreases, and the refrigerant changes to an intermediate-pressure refrigerant (a refrigerant below the critical value) in a gas-liquid two-phase state.

[0077] The intermediate pressure refrigerant then flows into the receiver 201, and a portion of the refrigerant, particularly the liquid intermediate pressure refrigerant, flows from the receiver 201 into the first flow path 204A of the subcooling heat exchanger 204. The refrigerant flowing into the first flow path 204A is cooled by the intermediate pressure refrigerant flowing through the second flow path 204B, increasing the degree of subcooling of such refrigerant. A portion of the liquid refrigerant thus subcooled flows through the expansion device 205, particularly through the subcooling expansion valve, which further reduces the pressure of the intermediate pressure refrigerant. The intermediate pressure refrigerant flows into the second flow path 204B of the subcooling heat exchanger 204 and evaporates by absorbing heat from the refrigerant flowing through the first flow path 204A of the subcooling heat exchanger 204.

[0078] The subcooled intermediate pressure refrigerant flows to branch into two main pipes that supply the refrigeration and air conditioning circuits. In the air conditioning circuit, the refrigerant further branches into three pipes. This supplies liquid refrigerant to the indoor unit's use side heat exchangers 380A-380C and the cooler's additional use side heat exchangers 301A-301C. Before entering the use side heat exchangers 380A-380C, 301A-301C, the refrigerant flows through an expansion device, in particular an air conditioning expansion valve or a cooler expansion valve, where the pressure of the intermediate pressure refrigerant is reduced. The refrigerant flows through the use side heat exchangers and evaporates by absorbing heat from the air, typically in a room, that is supplied by the indoor unit's air conditioning fan.

[0079] The evaporated refrigerant from the indoor unit's use-side heat exchangers 380A-380C is rejoined and flows to the suction side of the third compressor 310C through the suction pipe. The evaporated refrigerant from the cooler's additional use-side heat exchangers 301A-301C is rejoined and flows back to the suction side of the second compressor 310B through the suction pipe. In this way, the air conditioning circuit and the refrigeration and freezing circuit are closed loops. The evaporated refrigerant from the subcooling heat exchanger 204 is rejoined with the intermediate pressure refrigerant discharged from the second compressor 310B and the third compressor 310C, and is supplied to the suction side of the first compressor 310A.

[0080] Additionally, the gaseous intermediate pressure refrigerant separated from the supercritical refrigerant liquid intermediate pressure refrigerant by the receiver 201 flows through the expansion device and its pressure is reduced to a pressure similar to that of the intermediate pressure refrigerant discharged by the second compressor 310B and the third compressor 310C.

[0081] Second example: Refrigeration and freezing using a thermal storage FIG. 8 is a refrigerant circuit diagram showing the cooling device 300 of FIG. 7 during freezing and refrigeration operation using a heat accumulator. In this operation, the first switching mechanism 31 (particularly the first and second valves) and the second switching valve are set so that the high-pressure refrigerant flowing out from the heat source side heat exchanger 11 flows through the first fluid communication pipe 30 to the first and second valves and then to the heat accumulator 20, thereby exchanging heat with the heat accumulator 20. When flowing through the heat accumulator 20, the high-pressure refrigerant is cooled. After leaving the heat accumulator 20, the high-pressure refrigerant returns to the receiver 201 through the expansion device 12 via the second switching mechanism. By flowing through the expansion device 12, the pressure of the cooled high-pressure refrigerant is reduced, and the refrigerant changes to an intermediate-pressure refrigerant (supercritical refrigerant) in a gas-liquid two-phase state.

[0082] As described above, a portion of the refrigerant, particularly the liquid intermediate pressure refrigerant, then flows from the receiver 201 into the first flow path 204A of the subcooling heat exchanger 204. The refrigerant flowing into the first flow path 204A is cooled by the intermediate pressure refrigerant flowing through the second flow path 204B, increasing the degree of subcooling of such refrigerant. A portion of this subcooled liquid refrigerant flows through the expansion device 205, which further reduces the pressure of the intermediate pressure refrigerant. The intermediate pressure refrigerant flows into the second flow path 204B of the subcooling heat exchanger 204 and evaporates by absorbing heat from the refrigerant flowing through the first flow path 204A of the subcooling heat exchanger 204.

[0083] The subcooled intermediate pressure refrigerant then flows to supply only the refrigeration circuit and not the air conditioning circuit where it further branches into three pipes to supply liquid refrigerant to the additional use heat exchangers 301A-301C of the cooler. Before entering the additional use heat exchangers 301A-301C, the refrigerant flows through the cooler expansion valve where the pressure of the intermediate pressure refrigerant is reduced. Such refrigerant flows through the additional use heat exchangers and evaporates by absorbing heat from a reservoir within the cooler.

[0084] Since the cooling operation is turned off, only the second compressor 310B and the first compressor 310A are in use, and the third compressor 310 is turned off. Therefore, the second compressor 310 sucks in low-pressure refrigerant from the additional use side heat exchangers 301A-301C of the cooler, and supplies the intermediate pressure refrigerant to the first compressor 310A via the high-pressure pipe 207. The first compressor 310A further compresses the refrigerant and discharges the high-pressure refrigerant, which flows to the heat source side heat exchanger 11 acting as a gas cooler. Such refrigerant is cooled by releasing heat to the outside air supplied by an outdoor fan. The high-pressure refrigerant flowing out from the heat source side heat exchanger 11 then flows back to the first switching mechanism 31 via the first fluid communication pipe 30, thus closing the refrigerant circuit.

[0085] Third example: Refrigeration and cooling operation using a thermal storage FIG. 9 is a refrigerant circuit diagram showing the cooling device of FIG. 7 in refrigeration and cooling operation using the heat storage. The refrigeration and cooling operation using the heat storage is similar to that described above with reference to FIG. 8 for refrigeration (only) operation using the heat storage, except that all three compressors 310A-310C are in use. Thus, the second compressor 310B draws low pressure refrigerant from the additional use side heat exchangers 301A-301C of the three coolers, and the third compressor 310C draws refrigerant from the use side heat exchanger 380C of one of the three indoor units and supplies it as intermediate pressure refrigerant to the first compressor 310A, which further compresses the refrigerant and discharges high pressure refrigerant, which flows into the heat source side heat exchanger 11.

[0086] Such refrigerant then flows through the heat storage device 20, the expansion device 12, the receiver 201 and the subcooling heat exchanger 204 as described above, and then branches into two main pipes, thereby supplying refrigeration and cooling circuits and forming a closed refrigerant circuit.

[0087] Fourth Example: Heat Storage Only Charging Operation FIG. 10 is a refrigerant circuit diagram showing the cooling device of FIG. 7 during an operation in which only storage in the heat accumulator is performed (only charging).

[0088] In this operation, only the third compressor 310C and the first compressor 310A are in use, and the second compressor 310B is turned off. The third compressor 310C draws refrigerant directly from the heat accumulator 20 and supplies the intermediate pressure refrigerant to the first compressor. The first compressor further compresses the refrigerant and discharges a high pressure refrigerant, which flows to the heat source side heat exchanger 11 acting as a gas cooler. The high pressure refrigerant flowing out of the heat source side heat exchanger 11 then flows through the first fluid communication pipe 30 to the first switching mechanism 31. In this control mode, the first valve 31A is set so that the high pressure refrigerant flows directly to the expansion device 12 as described above with reference to FIG. 7. From the expansion device 12, the intermediate pressure refrigerant (supercritical refrigerant) in a gas-liquid two-phase state flows into the receiver 201, from which the liquid intermediate pressure refrigerant flows into the first flow path 204A of the subcooling heat exchanger 204. The refrigerant flowing into the first flow path 204A is cooled by the intermediate pressure refrigerant flowing through the second flow path 204B, increasing the degree of subcooling of such refrigerant.

[0089] The subcooled intermediate pressure refrigerant then flows back to the heat storage device 20 via the second valve 31B and, by flowing through the heat storage device 20, cools the heat storage device 20, and in particular the heat storage material, thereby storing cold in the heat storage device.

[0090] Fifth example: Refrigeration and freezing with simultaneous storage in a heat storage tank FIG. 11 is a refrigerant circuit diagram showing the cooling device of FIG. 7 during refrigeration and freezing operations with simultaneous storage in the heat accumulator.

[0091] Except that all three compressors 310A-310C are in use and the second compressor 310B connects the additional use side heat exchangers 301A-301C of the cooler to the refrigerant circuit 1, the freezing and refrigerating operation simultaneously with the storage in the heat accumulator is similar to that described above for the only charging operation of the heat accumulator with reference to Fig. 10. This not only stores cold in the heat accumulator 20 by flowing the supercooled intermediate pressure refrigerant through the heat accumulator 20 via the second valve 31B, but also supplies the supercooled intermediate pressure refrigerant to the additional use side heat exchangers 301A-301C. In other words, storage in the heat accumulator 20 can be performed simultaneously while performing the freezing and refrigeration operation.

[0092] FIG. 12 is a refrigerant circuit diagram showing the configuration of a cooling device 300 of a second embodiment having a capacity increase unit 320. The refrigerant device 300 of the second embodiment corresponds mostly to the refrigerant device of the first embodiment described with reference to FIG. 7. However, instead of the heat storage unit 100, two connecting pipes connecting with the second heat exchanger unit fluid port 32B and the third heat exchanger unit fluid port 52B have open ends. Therefore, the units connected with the refrigerant device 300 and especially the heat exchanger unit 200 via the second heat exchanger unit fluid port 32B and the third heat exchanger unit fluid port 52B are not shown. In the present invention, instead of the heat storage unit 100, a heat exchanger, especially a plate heat exchanger, a capacity increase unit, or a combination unit having a heat storage unit and a capacity increase unit can also be connected to the heat exchanger unit 200.

[0093] FIG. 13 is a refrigerant circuit diagram showing the capacity increase unit 320. The capacity increase unit 320 is basically an independent refrigerant circuit that can be added or connected to the refrigeration device 300 to increase the refrigeration and cooling capacity of the refrigeration device 300. As shown in FIG. 13, the capacity increase unit 320 has a heat exchanger, a compressor and an expansion device that form a closed refrigerant circuit. The heat exchanger is configured to exchange heat with the heat exchanger unit 200. Thus, the heat exchanger can be connected to the second heat exchanger unit fluid port 32B and the third heat exchanger unit fluid port 52B. In addition, the capacity increase unit 320 is provided with a heat source side heat exchanger. The heat source side heat exchanger cools the refrigerant flowing therethrough by releasing heat to the outside air supplied by an outdoor fan.

[0094] Fig. 14 is a refrigerant circuit diagram showing a combination unit 330 with a capacity increase unit 320 and a heat storage unit. As mentioned above, the capacity increase unit 320 has a heat exchanger, a compressor and an expansion device that constitute a closed refrigerant circuit. Moreover, instead of connecting the heat exchanger directly with the refrigerant device 300, and in particular with the heat exchanger unit 200, a heat storage unit is arranged between the heat exchanger unit 200 and the heat storage unit. Thus, in order to store thermal energy, in particular cold, in the heat storage unit, the combination unit 330 additionally has a circulation pump that circulates a refrigerant or coolant, such as water, through the heat storage unit that is cooled by the capacity increase unit. Meanwhile, the heat storage unit is provided with a heat exchanger that is used to exchange heat with the refrigerant circuit of the refrigerant device 300, and in particular with the heat exchanger unit 200.

[0095] The capacity increase unit may also have a closed refrigerant circuit including a heat source side heat exchanger cooled by a heat exchanger, a compressor, a fan, and an expansion device. The heat exchanger exchanges heat with the heat exchange unit.

[0096] In a further aspect, the combination unit may comprise a capacity increase unit with a closed refrigerant circuit having a heat exchanger, a compressor, a heat source side heat exchanger cooled by a fan, and an expansion device, and a heat storage unit with a heat exchanger, a heat storage with a heat storage material, in particular a phase change material (PCM), and a circulation pump. The heat exchanger exchanges heat with the heat exchange unit. [Explanation of symbols]

[0097] 1 Refrigerant circuit 10 Compressor (first compressor) 11 Heat source side heat exchanger 12 Expansion Device 20 Heat storage 21 Heat storage materials 22 Refrigerant heat exchange pipe 30 First fluid communication pipe 31 First switching mechanism 40 Second fluid communication pipe 41 Second switching mechanism 50 Third fluid communication pipe 60 First gas communication pipe 70 Fourth fluid communication pipe 70 80A user side heat exchanger 80B Additional use side heat exchanger 90 Heat exchange unit gas communication pipe 92 Heat exchange unit gas port 92 96 First heat exchange unit fluid port 100 Heat storage unit 72 First heat storage unit fluid port 32A Second heat storage unit fluid port 52A 3rd heat storage unit fluid port 62 Heat storage unit gas port 31A First Valve 31B Second valve 53 Check valve 101 Inflatable Device 102 Heat exchanger 103 Circulation Pump 200 Heat Exchanger Unit 96 first heat exchanger unit fluid port 32B Second heat exchanger unit fluid port 52B Third heat exchanger unit fluid port 201 Receiver 202 third heat exchanger unit fluid communication pipe 203 Fourth heat exchanger unit fluid port 204 Supercooling heat exchanger 205 Expansion Device (Supercooling Expansion Valve) 206 Injection pipe 207 High Pressure Pipe 208 High Pressure Pipe 209 Expansion Device 210 Fan 300 Cooling device 301A~301C Additional use side heat exchanger 310A First Compressor 310B Second Compressor 310C 3rd Compressor 320 Capacity Increase Unit 330 Combination Unit 380A~380C User side heat exchanger [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0098] [Patent Document 1] European Patent Application Publication No. 2,402,681 [Patent Document 2] European Patent No. 2,844,924

Claims

1. At least one compressor (10); A heat source side heat exchanger (11), An expansion device (12); a heat storage device (20) comprising a heat storage material (21), in particular a phase change material (PCM) selected from the group consisting of paraffin, bio-based organic PCMs such as carbohydrates or derived lipids, or water; A refrigerant circuit (1) for a cooling device (300) having a heat accumulator using CO2 as a refrigerant, comprising: The refrigerant circuit (1) further comprises: a first fluid communication pipe (30) communicating between a fluid side of the heat source side heat exchanger (11) and one side of the heat accumulator (20); a second fluid communication pipe (40) in communication between the expansion device (12) and the other side of the thermal accumulator (20); Equipped with The system further includes a first switching mechanism (31) that is disposed in the first fluid communication pipe (30) and is in a state of communication between the heat source side heat exchanger (11), the heat accumulator (20), the third fluid communication pipe (50), and the first gas communication pipe (60), the third fluid communication pipe (50) is in communication with the expansion device (12) and the first gas communication pipe (60) is in communication with the suction side of the compressor (10); Refrigerant circuit.

2. The first switching mechanism (31) is a first valve (31A) which is a three-way valve and is in a state of communication between the heat source side heat exchanger (11), the expansion device (12), and the heat accumulator (20); a second valve (31B) which is a three-way valve and is disposed between the first valve (31A) and the heat accumulator (20) and is in a state of communication between the first valve (31A), the heat accumulator (20), and the first gas communication pipe (60); The refrigerant circuit of claim 1 .

3. the first switching mechanism (31) is a four-way valve and includes a first valve (31C) that is in a state of communication between the heat source side heat exchanger (11), the heat accumulator (20), the first gas communication pipe (60), and the expansion device (12); 2. The refrigerant circuit according to claim 1, wherein the first switching mechanism (31) further comprises a check valve (53) that stops a backflow from the third fluid communication pipe (50) to the first valve (31C).

4. a second switching mechanism (41) disposed in the second fluid communication pipe (40) and in communication between the heat accumulator (20), the expansion device (12), and a fourth fluid communication pipe (70); 4. The refrigerant circuit according to claim 1, wherein the fourth fluid communication pipe (70) is in communication with a utilization side heat exchanger (80A).

5. the second switching mechanism (41) is a three-way valve and is in a state of communication between the heat accumulator (20), the expansion device (12), and the utilization side heat exchanger (80A); 5. The refrigerant circuit according to claim 4, wherein an expansion device (101) is provided in the fourth fluid communication pipe (70) and is disposed between the second switching mechanism (41) and the utilization side heat exchanger (80A).

6. The third fluid communication pipe (50) further includes a receiver (201) disposed between the expansion device (12) and the utilization side heat exchanger (80A) / the utilization side heat exchanger (80A), Refrigerant circuit according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the receiver (201) is configured to separate liquid refrigerant from gaseous refrigerant.

7. The refrigerant circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising a subcooling heat exchanger (204) arranged between a utilization side heat exchanger (80A) / the utilization side heat exchanger (80A) and the expansion device (12).

8. Further, an expansion device (101), in particular a storage side expansion valve (EV), is disposed in the fourth fluid communication pipe (70) and between the second switching mechanism (41) and the utilization side heat exchanger (80A); a controller configured to select a mode of operation; Equipped with The mode includes: The mode includes a normal freezing / refrigeration and / or cooling mode, a cold storage execution mode, and a cold storage use mode, and in particular: in the normal refrigeration and / or cooling mode, the first switching mechanism (31) is set so that the first fluid communication pipe (30) and the third fluid communication pipe (50) are in communication with each other and the expansion device (101) is closed; In the cold storage execution mode, the first switching mechanism (31) is set so that the first fluid communication pipe (30) and the third fluid communication pipe (50) are in communication with each other, and the first gas communication pipe (60) and the heat accumulator (20) are in communication with each other, and the second switching mechanism (41) is set so that the fourth fluid communication pipe (70) and the heat accumulator (20) are in communication with each other, and the expansion device (101) is opened; The refrigerant circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 7 and claim 4, wherein in the cold storage use mode, the first switching mechanism (31) is set so that the first fluid communication pipe (30) and the heat accumulator (20) are in communication with each other, the second fluid communication pipe (40) and the heat accumulator (20) are in communication with each other, and the second switching mechanism (41) is set so that the expansion device (101) is closed.

9. 9. The refrigerant circuit according to claim 8, further comprising an outside temperature sensor (T5), a gas cooler temperature sensor (T2), a heat storage medium temperature sensor (T4) and a discharge pressure sensor (P1) arranged on the high pressure side of the at least one compressor.

10. Refrigerant circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 9, further comprising a heat storage unit (100) having the heat accumulator (20) and having a water circuit, a refrigerant-phase change material (PCM) circuit or a refrigerant-water-phase change material (PCM) circuit having a heat exchanger (102), in particular a plate heat exchanger, and a circulation pump (103).

11. 10. The refrigerant circuit according to claim 4, further comprising a heat storage unit (100) having the first switching mechanism (31) and the second switching mechanism (41).

12. A refrigerant circuit as described in claim 7, having a receiver (201) and further comprising a heat exchange unit (200) having the receiver (201) and the subcooling heat exchanger (204).

13. A method for controlling a refrigerant circuit for a refrigeration device having a heat accumulator, in particular a heat accumulator (20) using CO2 as refrigerant, according to any one of claims 1 to 12, the method having different modes of operation, which modes include: It includes a normal freezing / refrigeration and / or cooling mode, a cold / hot storage execution mode, and a cold / hot storage use mode; in said normal refrigeration and / or cooling mode, the first switching mechanism (31) is set so that the first fluid communication pipe (30) and the third fluid communication pipe (50) are in communication with each other and the expansion device (101) is closed; In the cold storage execution mode, the first switching mechanism (31) is set so that the first fluid communication pipe (30) and the third fluid communication pipe (50) are in communication with each other, and the first gas communication pipe (60) and the heat accumulator (20) are in communication with each other, and the second switching mechanism (41) is set so that the fourth fluid communication pipe (70) and the heat accumulator (20) are in communication with each other, and the expansion device (101) is opened; In the cold storage use mode, the first switching mechanism (31) is set so that the first fluid communication pipe (30) is in communication with the heat accumulator (20), the second fluid communication pipe (40) is in communication with the heat accumulator (20), and the second switching mechanism (41) is set so that the expansion device (101) is closed.

14. The first fluid communication pipe (30) is in a state of communication between the fluid side of the heat source side heat exchanger (11) and one side of the heat accumulator (20); the second fluid communication pipe (40) is in communication between the expansion device (12) and the other side of the thermal accumulator (20); the third fluid communication pipe (50) is in communication with the expansion device (12); 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the first gas communication pipe (60) is in communication with the suction side of the compressor (10).

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