A ball bat with a detachable body

Abstract

To provide a ball bat which has no low and undesirable performance, and provides sufficient performance for satisfying association rules.SOLUTION: A ball bat 100 includes outside shell segments 185, 190, the outside shell segments being arranged at an interval from each other in a longitudinal direction, and forming therebetween a gap 300. A joint 180 connects the segments. The joint may include a tubular element 310 including: a first part which is positioned in the first outside shell segment, and at least partially overlaps an inner surface of the first outside shell segment; and a second part which is positioned in the second outside shell segment, and at least partially overlaps an inner surface of the second outside shell segment.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

[Background technology]

[0001] Baseball and softball governing bodies have imposed various bat performance limits over the years with the goal of regulating batted ball velocity. Each association generally reformulates various regulations to achieve a desired level of play. Some of these regulations specifically aim to regulate bat performance, such as the BBCOR, or "Bat-Ball Restitution Coefficient."

[0002]

[0002] BBCOR can be perceived as a measure of the "trampoline effect" that a bat exhibits during impact with a ball. A higher BBCOR value generally indicates that less energy will be lost during the bat-ball impact, which suggests a higher performing bat. A lower BBCOR value generally indicates that more energy will be lost during the impact, which suggests a lower performing bat. Some associations or regulatory bodies dictate a maximum allowable BBCOR value. Thus, bat designers are looking for ways to improve bats while still meeting performance regulations such as BBCOR.

[0003]

[0003] Additionally, when a ball bat strikes a ball or another object, the impact creates a wave of vibration that the player perceives as shock. The vibrations and shocks in the ball bat can cause discomfort or injury to the player. Therefore, bat designers are looking for ways to reduce the vibrations and shocks in the ball bat without unduly reducing the performance, feel, or sound quality of the impact. For example, players generally do not want their ball bat to feel or sound like a "wet newspaper" during a hit. Summary of the Invention

[0004]

[0004] An exemplary embodiment of the present technology includes a ball bat having a first outer shell segment, a second outer shell segment spaced longitudinally from the first outer shell segment forming a gap between the first and second outer shell segments, and a joint connecting the first outer shell segment to the second outer shell segment. The first outer shell segment can include a barrel portion of the ball bat and at least a portion of a tapered portion of the ball bat. The second outer shell segment can include at least a portion of the tapered portion. The joint can include a tubular element positioned within the first outer shell segment and having a first portion at least partially overlapping an interior surface of the first outer shell segment and a second portion positioned within the second outer shell segment and at least partially overlapping an interior surface of the second outer shell segment. The tubular element can include an elastomeric material. In some embodiments, the ball bat can further include a second tubular element positioned within the first tubular element to reinforce the first tubular element.

[0005] Another exemplary embodiment of the present technology may include a ball bat comprising a first outer shell segment, the first outer shell segment forming a body portion of the ball bat, and a second outer shell segment, the second outer shell segment forming at least a portion of a tapered portion of the ball bat, the second outer shell segment being longitudinally spaced a predetermined gap from the first outer shell segment. The ball bat may include an elastomeric material positioned between the first and second outer shell segments to join the first outer shell segment to the second outer shell segment, the elastomeric material configured to flex to facilitate relative movement between the first and second outer shell segments.

[0006] Another exemplary embodiment of the present technology includes a method of making a ball bat. The method can include forming outer shell segments to be longitudinally spaced apart from one another and forming a joint to connect the outer shell segments. The joint can include an elastomeric material.

[0007]

[0007] Ball bats according to embodiments of the present technology provide sufficient performance to meet association rules without undesirable poor performance. Additionally, embodiments of the present technology provide sufficient durability and comfort during swing and hitting, as well as a satisfying impact sound.

[0008]

[0008] Other features and advantages will become apparent hereinafter. The features described above may be used separately or together, or in various combinations of one or more of the features.

[0009] In the drawings, like reference numbers refer to like elements throughout the figures. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0010] [Figure 1]

[0010] FIG. 1 illustrates a ball bat in accordance with an embodiment of the present technology. [Diagram 2]

[0011] 2 is a cross-sectional view of the ball bat shown in FIG. 1; [Diagram 3]

[0012] 3 is a detailed cross-sectional view of a portion of the ball bat shown in FIGS. 1 and 2; FIG. [Figure 4]

[0013] 1 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary method of assembling a ball bat in accordance with embodiments of the present technology. [Diagram 5]

[0014] FIG. 4 is a detailed cross-sectional view similar to that of FIG. 3, but showing a joint according to another embodiment of the present technology. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0011]

[0015] The present technology relates to a ball bat with a separated body, as well as related systems and methods. Various embodiments of the present technology are now described. The following description provides specific details for a thorough understanding and enabling description of these embodiments. However, those skilled in the art will understand that the present invention may be practiced without many of these details. Additionally, some well-known structures or functions, such as those common to ball bats and composite materials, may not be shown or described in detail to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the relevant description of the various embodiments. Thus, embodiments of the present technology may include additional elements or exclude some of the elements described below with reference to FIGS. 1-5 illustrating examples of the present technology.

[0012]

[0016] The terminology used in this description is intended to be interpreted in its broadest reasonable manner, even as it is used in conjunction with a detailed description of certain specific embodiments of the invention. Certain terms may be further emphasized below, but any term intended to be interpreted in any limited manner is expressly and specifically defined as such in this detailed description section.

[0013]

[0017] Where the context permits, singular or plural terms may include the plural or singular terms, respectively. Moreover, unless the word "or" is expressly limited to mean only a single item exclusively from other items in a list of two or more items, the use of "or" in such a list should be interpreted as including (a) any single item in the list, (b) all items in the list, or (c) any combination of items in the list. Furthermore, unless otherwise specified, terms such as "attached" or "connected," etc. are intended to include integral connections as well as connections between physically separate components.

[0014]

[0018] Specific details of some embodiments of the present technology are described herein with reference to ball bats. Embodiments of the present technology may be used in baseball, softball, cricket, or similar sports.

[0015]

[0019] As shown in FIG. 1 , a ball bat 100 according to an embodiment of the present technology can have a body portion 110, a handle portion 120, and a tapered portion 130 joining the body portion 110 to the grip portion 120. The tapered portion 130 is tapered to transition from the larger diameter of the body portion 110 to the smaller diameter of the grip portion 120. A proximal free end 140 of the grip portion 120 can include an end knob 150. The body portion 110 can optionally be closed at its distal free end 160 (the end furthest from the player during a swing) by an end cap 170. The ball bat 100 includes a longitudinal axis x extending between the proximal free end 140 (near the batter) and the distal free end 160 (furthest from the batter).

[0016]

[0020] The proportions of the ball bat 100, such as the relative sizes of the body portion 110, the grip portion 120, and the tapered portion 130, are not drawn to scale and may have any relative proportions suitable for use in a ball bat. Thus, the ball bat 100 may have any suitable dimensions. For example, the bat 100 may have an overall length of 20 inches to 40 inches, or 26 inches to 34 inches. The overall body diameter may be 2.0 inches to 3.0 inches, or 2.25 inches to 2.75 inches. Typical ball bats have diameters of 2.25 inches, 2.625 inches, or 2.75 inches. Bats having various combinations of these overall lengths and body diameters, or any other suitable dimensions, are contemplated herein. The specific preferred combination of bat dimensions will generally be determined by the user of the ball bat 100 and may vary widely between users.

[0017]

[0021] 1, a joint 180 in accordance with an embodiment of the present technology. The joint 180 may be positioned in the tapered portion 130 or in the fuselage portion 110 at any suitable location along the longitudinal axis x. In an exemplary embodiment, the joint 180 is positioned approximately near where the tapered portion 130 meets the fuselage portion 110, such as where the tapering of the tapered portion 130 is at a minimum and corresponds to the cylindrical shape of the fuselage portion 110.

[0018]

[0022] The ball bat 100 can be substantially hollow. In some embodiments, it can be only partially hollow. As described in detail below, a joint 180 connects a first outer shell segment 185 (which can span all or a portion of the barrel portion 110) to a second outer shell segment 190 (which can span all or a portion of the tapered portion 130 and the grip portion 120). The joint 180 can be positioned in a variety of suitable locations such that the first outer shell segment 185 and the second outer shell segment 190 can include various combinations of portions of the tapered portion 130 and portions of the barrel portion 110. The joint 180 provides a decoupled configuration in which the first outer shell segment 185 is not continuous with the second outer shell segment 190. As described in more detail below, such a configuration allows the shell segments 185, 190 to flex or move relative to one another, which can reduce performance (to maintain compliance with BBCOR, e.g., association limits) or reduce shock or vibration felt by the player in the grip portion 120.

[0019]

[0023] In certain examples, joint 180 can decouple some or all of the striking surface of the bat (which can include the distal area of ​​body portion 110 and tapered portion 130) from grip portion 120. Joint 180 decouples the ball impact from the remaining (or most) of the mass of ball bat 100 (e.g., grip portion 120 and most of tapered portion 130, etc.). Thus, only a portion of the bat's overall mass is effective in propelling the ball, resulting in reduced performance.

[0020]

[0024] In some embodiments, the outer shell segments 185, 190 may be formed by one or more layers of a composite material, such as a composite laminate material. Some examples of suitable composite materials include plies reinforced with carbon, glass, graphite, boron, aramid (e.g., Kevlar®, etc.), ceramic, or silica (e.g., Astroquartz®, etc.) fibers. Thus, in various embodiments, a number of different composite plies suitable for use in a ball bat may be used in one or both of the outer shell segments 185, 190, including, for example, composites formed from carbon fiber, fiberglass, aramid fibers, or other composite materials, or combinations of matrix, resin, fiber, laminate, and mesh that form a composite material.

[0021]

[0025] In some embodiments, one or both of the outer shell segments 185, 190 can include layers or plies made of the same material (e.g., each ply or layer can be formed of carbon fiber), while in further embodiments, one or both of the outer shell segments 185, 190 can include layers or plies made of multiple different materials (e.g., one or more plies or layers can be formed of carbon fiber and one or more other plies or layers can be formed of fiberglass). In some embodiments, the outer shell segments 185, 190 can be formed of a metal or metal alloy, such as, for example, aluminum, steel, titanium, magnesium, or another suitable metal or metal alloy. In some embodiments, the first outer shell segment 185 is made of the same material as the second outer shell segment 190. In some embodiments, the outer shell segments 185, 190 are made of different materials.

[0022]

[0026] Figure 2 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the ball bat 100 shown in Figure 1. The joint 180 includes one or more components positioned inside the hollow interior 200 of the ball bat 100. The one or more components of the joint 180 may overlap the first and second outer shell segments 185, 190. While Figure 2 is a representative cross-section of a ball bat 100 having a joint 180 in accordance with an embodiment of the present technology, a detailed view of section A is illustrated in Figure 3.

[0023]

[0027] 3, the first outer shell segment 185 and the second outer shell segment 190 are longitudinally spaced apart by a gap 300. The gap 300 is preferably completely circumferential around the ball bat 100 such that the outer shell segments 185, 190 do not directly contact one another. However, in some embodiments, the gap 300 can be discontinuous such that the outer shell segments 185, 190 can be connected to or in contact with one another at one or more locations around the circumference of the ball bat 100.

[0024]

[0028] The joint 180 can include a main tubular element 310 positioned inside the hollow interior 200 of the ball bat 100. The main tubular element 310 overlaps or is coextensive with an interior surface of the first outer shell segment 185 along a distance O1 from a distal end of the gap 300, and overlaps or is coextensive with an interior surface of the second outer shell segment 190 a distance O2 from a proximal end of the gap 300. The main tubular element 310 can be attached to each of the outer shell segments 185, 190 by being glued, pinned, or otherwise suitably secured to the segments 185, 190 along all or a portion of the respective overlap distances O1, O2. In some embodiments, the main tubular element 310 is laid up with the outer shell segments 185, 190 during manufacture and cured to be integral with one or both of the outer shell segments 185, 190. In some embodiments, the main tubular element 310 is injected into the gap 300 between the outer shell segments 185, 190 and the optional reinforcing tubular element 330 (described below).

[0025]

[0029] In some embodiments, the main tubular element 310 can have a uniform wall thickness t, which can be circumferentially coextensive with the radially inner sides of the outer shell segments 185, 190. In some embodiments, it can be discontinuous and can have non-uniform wall thickness, holes in the wall, or other features. Thus, the main tubular element 310 is not limited to being a uniform tube.

[0026]

[0030] The main tubular element 310 can have a circumferential or at least partially circumferential protrusion 320 that extends at least partially into the gap 300. For example, the protrusion 320 can be in the form of a ring that fills the gap 300 to form a smooth surface transition between the outer shell segment 185 and the outer shell segment 190. In some embodiments, the protrusion 320 can extend only partially into the gap 300. In some embodiments, the protrusion 320 can be integral with the main tubular element 310, while in other embodiments it can be a separate element that is secured to the main tubular element 310 by adhesive or another suitable attachment means.

[0027]

[0031] Main tubular element 310 may comprise an elastomer or elastomeric material, such as polyurethane, thermoplastic polyurethane, elastomeric epoxy, elastomeric acrylic, cyanoacrylate, silicone, or ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) foam, or another suitable material having resilience and strength. In other embodiments, other suitable elastomers or elastomeric materials may be used to provide at least some structural support and at least some resilience between outer shell segment 185 and outer shell segment 190.

[0028]

[0032] In some embodiments, the elastomer or elastomeric material in the main tubular element 310 can include or be augmented with various materials to form an elastomeric composite or elastomeric composite ply. For example, the main tubular element 310 can include fibers, fabrics, or meshes made from carbon, glass, polyester, graphite, boron, aramid (e.g., Kevlar®, etc.), ceramic, or silica (e.g., Astroquartz®, etc.). In some embodiments, an elastomeric composite can be formed with an elastomeric material as the composite matrix material for the reinforcing fibers instead of a rigid epoxy or rigid resin material.

[0029]

[0033] In some embodiments, the material forming the main tubular element 310 can have a hardness value between Shore 20A and Shore 90A. The hardness value can depend on the desired performance level of the main tubular element, weight, size, strength and surface area of ​​the bonds between components, strength of the elastomeric material (e.g., tensile strength, compressive strength, tear strength, etc.), or other factors. In some embodiments, a stiffer or harder material can be used when the main tubular element is thinner and has less overlap with the outer shell segment. In some embodiments, a similar apparent stiff feel can be achieved when the main tubular element includes softer and thicker materials and has more overlap with the outer shell segment. In an exemplary embodiment, a semi-rigid thermoplastic material with a hardness of approximately Shore 90D can be used.

[0030]

[0034] In some embodiments where materials having lower hardness values ​​are used, the tear strength of the material can be relatively low compared to materials having higher hardness values, and therefore in some embodiments, reinforcing layers, such as, for example, layers of flexible knits, fabrics, or yarns, can be included in the main tubular element 310 to increase durability. For example, in certain embodiments, an open polyester knit can be co-molded between sheets or layers of polyurethane (such as, for example, thermoplastic polyurethane or TPU) to form a tear-resistant tubular element 310. Elastomer composites can also increase tear resistance.

[0031]

[0035] The protrusion 320 may be formed from the same material as the main tubular element 310, or it may comprise one or more other materials, including any of the materials contemplated for the main tubular element 310.

[0032]

[0036] The joint 180 provides decoupling between the first outer shell segment 185 and the second outer shell segment 190 while providing sufficient connection to keep the segments 185, 190 from separating during a swing or hit. The primary tubular element 310 allows the outer shell segments 185, 190 to flex relative to each other, which reduces performance (e.g., ball launch velocity) to comply with regulations. It also reduces the transmission of shock or vibration. For example, when a ball impacts the first outer shell segment 185, the vibration or shock can be at least partially absorbed by the joint 180, including the primary tubular element 310.

[0033]

[0037] Some embodiments of the present technology may include additional hollow tubular elements. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 3, the reinforcing tubular element 330 may be optionally positioned at a radially inward position inside the main tubular element 310. In some embodiments, the reinforcing tubular element 330 may be completely coextensive with the main tubular element 310 along the longitudinal axis x. In other embodiments, the reinforcing tubular element 330 may be coextensive with only a portion of the main tubular element 310 (e.g., the portion adjacent the gap 300). The reinforcing tubular element 330 may be formed from any suitable material, including an elastomer or elastomeric material (e.g., one of the elastomeric materials or elastomeric composite materials described above), a metallic material (e.g., aluminum, titanium, or another metal or metal alloy), a polymeric material, or a rigid or semi-rigid composite material (e.g., carbon fiber composite material or other composite material described above). In certain embodiments, the reinforcing tubular element 330 is more rigid than the main tubular element 310, and the reinforcing tubular element 330 may be formed from the same or a similar material as one or both of the outer shell segments 185, 190.

[0034]

[0038] In some embodiments, additional tubular elements formed of similar materials as the main tubular element 310 or the reinforcing tubular element 330 may be included in the joint 180. The reinforcing tubular elements (such as the reinforcing tubular element 330 shown in FIG. 3 ) provide structural stiffness to further tune the relative bending between the outer shell segment 185 and the outer shell segment 190, for example, by reducing the relative bending. The additional tubular elements, such as the reinforcing tubular element 330, may be bonded, pinned, or otherwise fastened to the interior of the main tubular element 310, or they may be included in the composite layup during the composite molding process.

[0035]

[0039] The hardness and thickness of the material used for the main tubular element 310 and any optional reinforcing tubular elements (e.g., reinforcing tubular element 330 or further inwardly concentric tubular elements, etc.) can affect the flexibility of the joint 180 and the performance of the ball bat 100. A design with a softer or thinner elastomer will flex more, reducing bat performance, while a design with a harder or thicker elastomer will flex less, resulting in relatively higher performance. In some embodiments, the thickness t of the main tubular element 310 can be between 0.010 inches and 0.50 inches. In certain embodiments, the main tubular element 310 can have a thickness t between 0.030 inches and 0.250 inches.

[0036]

[0040] The overlap O1 between the primary tubular element 310 and the first outer shell segment 185 and the overlap O2 between the primary tubular element 310 and the second outer shell segment 190 also affect the flexibility of the joint 180 and, consequently, the performance of the ball bat 100. A longer overlap can provide additional bending strength and axial tensile or compressive strength for the overall bat assembly. A longer overlap can reduce the amount of flex between the outer shell segment 185 and the outer shell segment 190, which may tend to increase performance. A shorter overlap O1, O2 can cause more flex in the joint 180 and reduce performance. The overlap lengths O1, O2 can also affect durability. For example, a shorter overlap O1, O2 can reduce the durability of the joint 180 relative to a longer overlap.

[0037]

[0041] In some embodiments, one or both of the overlap lengths O1, O2 can be between 0.040 inches and 4.0 inches. For example, in a particular embodiment, each overlap O1, O2 can be at least 0.125 inches. In another particular embodiment, each overlap O1, O2 can be approximately 1 inch.

[0038]

[0042] Additionally, the width G1 of the gap 300 along the longitudinal axis x will affect the relative flexing between the outer shell segment 185 and the outer shell segment 190. For example, a larger gap width G1 can result in more flexing than a smaller gap width G1, which can lead to reduced performance and reduced impact experienced by the user. In some embodiments, the gap width G1 can be between 0.040 inches and 0.375 inches along the longitudinal axis x, or the gap width G1 can have other values.

[0039]

[0043] The gap width G1 can vary depending on design goals and material selection. In some embodiments, a larger gap width G1 can be useful when the main tubular element 310 or the circumferential protrusion 320 is made of a material with a lower compressive strength. A smaller gap width G1 can be associated with less material to distribute stress and strain during bending between the outer shell segments. In some embodiments, a designer may prioritize weight reduction over durability and choose a smaller gap width G1, although material selection and other factors may also affect the relationship between weight and durability.

[0040]

[0044] 1 and 3, the gap 300 may be positioned approximately where the tapered portion 130 meets the body portion 110, such as, for example, where the tapering of the tapered portion 130 is at a minimum and generally corresponds to the cylindrical shape of the body portion 110. In some embodiments, the distal end 340 of the main tubular element 310 of the joint 180 may be positioned only slightly inside the body portion 110, while in other embodiments, it may be positioned just outside the body portion 110 (e.g., completely within the tapered portion 130). In some embodiments, the joint 180 (including the main tubular element 310 and any reinforcing tubular elements 330) is positioned away from the primary striking area of ​​the ball bat (i.e., away from where the ball is intended to be impacted during a normal swing). In such embodiments, the first outer shell segment 185 may form the structure of the body portion 110 that impacts the ball.

[0041]

[0045] In some embodiments, the joint 180 may be centered around the center of impact (COP) of the ball bat 100, or may be centered around an area that is within approximately 3 inches of the COP. The COP may be determined by the ASTM F2398-11 standard. In some embodiments, the joint 180 may be centered around the "sweet spot" of the ball bat 100, or may be centered around an area that is within approximately 3 inches of the sweet spot. The sweet spot is typically located near the COP. The sweet spot may be defined as the ball-bat impact location where the transfer of energy from the bat 100 to the ball is generally greatest, but the transfer of energy to the player's hand is generally least. Another way to define the location of the sweet spot is between the first node of the first bending mode and the second node of the second bending mode.

[0042]

[0046] FIG. 4 is a flow chart 400 illustrating one exemplary method of assembling a ball bat according to embodiments of the present technology. In step 410, one or more of the optional reinforcing tubular elements (e.g., reinforcing tubular element 330 in FIG. 3) may be positioned on or otherwise wrapped around a mandrel as one or more uncured composite plies (e.g., prepreg material, etc.). In step 420, one or more uncured composite plies (e.g., prepreg material, etc.) may be wrapped around the mandrel to form a bat body (including a barrel portion, a tapered portion, and a grip portion) and cover the optional reinforcing tubular elements. In step 430, the uncured bat body (excluding the reinforcing tubular elements) may be cut circumferentially to form gaps (e.g., gaps 300 described above and shown in FIG. 3). In step 440, the gaps may be filled or bridged by the main tubular elements. In step 450, the assembly may be cured to form a ball bat.

[0043]

[0047] In some embodiments, the reinforcing tubular elements may be omitted. In some embodiments, instead of cutting in step 430, the composite plies may be wrapped such that the wrapping leaves gaps (300). In some embodiments, the metal batts may be cut and reconnected using the main tubular elements and, optionally, the reinforcing tubular elements. Various embodiments of the present technology may be assembled in other manners.

[0044]

[0048] FIG. 5 illustrates a cross-section of a ball bat having a joint 500 according to another embodiment of the present technology. Like the joint 180 described above, the joint 500 also separates the hitting portion of the bat from the grip portion. The joint 500 may be positioned in a similar location as the joint 180 described above with respect to FIGS. 1-3. The gap 510 between the outer shell segment 185 and the outer shell segment 190 may be filled with a material 520, such as an elastomeric material or an elastomeric composite (e.g., one or more of the elastomeric composites described above). Any number of layers of composite material may be used to form the outer shell segments 185, 190, and any number of layers of elastomeric composite material may be used to fill the gap 510. In some embodiments, the width G2 of the gap 510 may be between approximately 1 inch and 2 inches, or it may have other dimensions. The elastomeric composite material filling gap 510 forms part of the outer shell of a generally hollow bat, such as bat 100 of FIGS.

[0045]

[0049] In embodiments such as the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 5, a relatively flexible or resilient elastomeric material or elastomeric composite effectively replaces a section of rigid material used in the remainder of the outer shell of the bat (formed by outer shell segments 185, 190). This creates a relatively flexible zone that can provide performance and reduce vibration or shock, as well as other embodiments described herein. In some embodiments, the joint 500 can be formed by laying up a prepreg composite to form a bat shape, cutting a section of the bat shape to remove material from the bat shape, replacing the removed material with an elastomeric material or elastomeric composite, and curing the assembly. In some embodiments, to make a ball bat, a fiber matrix can be wrapped around a mandrel and coated or saturated with a composite epoxy or resin throughout except for gap regions 510, which can be coated or saturated with an elastomeric material, such as a thermoplastic polyurethane or another suitable elastomeric material. In some embodiments, the material 520 in the gap region 510 can be an elastomeric composite material formed with a fibrous material in an elastomeric matrix, which can make up most or all of the thickness of the entire outer shell of the bat in the gap region 510.

[0046]

[0050] In other embodiments, one or more sections of the wall of the hollow ball bat can include a composite stack made up of a layer of flexible and resilient elastomeric composite adjacent to a stiffer epoxy or resin-based layer of composite. For example, the wall of the hollow grip section, the body wall, or the wall in the tapered section can include multiple plies of composite (e.g., 12 plies, etc.), with some plies in selected sections of the grip section being elastomeric composite. In a particular example, all but four plies in a section can be elastomeric composite, with the remaining plies being a stiffer composite (e.g., epoxy composite, etc.) for structural support. One embodiment may require all but four plies to be elastomeric composite, although any suitable number of plies can be elastomeric composite.

[0047]

[0051] In certain embodiments, the outermost ply (around the outer diameter of the bat) and the innermost ply (around the inner diameter of the bat) can include elastomeric composite plies, while a stiffer epoxy composite ply can be sandwiched between the outermost and innermost groups of elastomeric composite plies. Selected sections of the bat with a composite stack having an elastomeric composite layer provide localized flex zones to absorb shock and vibration. In some embodiments, an elastomeric resin can be used as the composite matrix in place of epoxy in one or more parts of the bat, resulting in a generally continuous wall or shell with tailored flexibility characteristics.

[0048]

[0052] In some embodiments, such as, for example, in bats required to meet BBCOR limits, stiffer epoxy composite layers may be positioned over the outermost layer (around the outer diameter of the bat) and around the innermost layer (around the inner diameter of the bat), while one or more plies of elastomeric composite may be positioned or sandwiched between the stiffer outermost and innermost epoxy composite layers. Such an embodiment may provide a means for complying with the Accelerated Break-In (ABI) portion of the BBCOR standard, since if the outermost layer were to crack or break from rolling or abuse, the bat would become a softer, slower reacting bat with reduced performance. Thus, selected sections of the bat with composite stacks having elastomeric composite layers or plies may be positioned at any suitable location along the length of the bat.

[0049]

[0053] In other embodiments, one or more layers or plies of elastomeric composite material may be distributed in a variety of ways within the composite stack, such as, for example, alternating layers of elastomeric composite and layers of epoxy or resin composite.

[0050]

[0054] The ratio of elastomeric material to the more rigid epoxy or resin material can correlate to the overall flexibility and durability of the ball bat. In some embodiments, up to 75 percent of the composite ply stack forming the outer shell or body wall of the ball bat can include elastomeric composite material.

[0051]

[0055] In another embodiment, the elastomeric material or elastomeric composite material may form one or more layers in the stack of materials forming the composite bat wall along the entire length of the striking surface of the ball bat, while the remainder of the stack of materials may include a stiffer or more rigid composite material having a varying thickness along the length of the striking surface to tailor the overall flexibility and body compression characteristics along the length of the striking surface. For example, in an exemplary embodiment, the rigid composite material may be thinner near the end cap 170 and tapered portion 130 and may be thicker toward the middle of the striking surface. Such an embodiment may comply with BBCOR regulations by providing a more rigid section near the middle of the striking surface.

[0052]

[0056] From the foregoing, it will be recognized that specific embodiments of the disclosed technology have been described for purposes of illustration, however, various modifications may be made without departing from the technology, elements of particular embodiments may be interchanged with elements of other embodiments, and some embodiments may omit certain elements. For example, in some embodiments, the main tubular elements (such as, for example, main tubular element 310) may be made of rigid or semi-rigid composite or metallic materials.

[0053]

[0057] Moreover, although advantages associated with particular embodiments of the disclosed technology have been described in the context of those embodiments, other embodiments may exhibit such advantages, and not all embodiments may necessarily exhibit such advantages, to fall within the scope of the technology. Thus, the disclosure and related technology may encompass other embodiments not expressly shown or described herein, and the invention is not limited, except as by the appended claims. The invention as originally claimed in the present application is set forth below. [1] A ball bat, a first outer shell segment; a second outer shell segment longitudinally spaced from the first outer shell segment forming a gap between the first outer shell segment and the second outer shell segment; a joint connecting the first outer shell segment to the second outer shell segment; Equipped with the first outer shell segment comprises a body portion of the ball bat and at least a portion of a tapered portion of the ball bat; the second outer shell segment comprises at least a portion of the tapered portion; The ball bat, wherein the joint comprises a tubular element positioned within the first outer shell segment and having a first portion at least partially overlapping an inner surface of the first outer shell segment and a second portion positioned within the second outer shell segment and at least partially overlapping an inner surface of the second outer shell segment, the tubular element comprising an elastomeric material. [2] The ball bat described in [1], wherein the second outer shell segment further comprises a grip portion of the ball bat. [3] The ball bat described in [1], wherein the gap is positioned within the tapered portion of the ball bat. [4] The ball bat of [1], wherein the tubular element has at least a partially circumferential protrusion that extends at least partially into the gap. [5] The ball bat of [1], wherein the tubular element is a first tubular element, and the ball bat further comprises a second tubular element positioned within the first tubular element to reinforce the first tubular element. [6] The ball bat of [5], wherein the elastomeric material has a first stiffness and the second tubular element comprises a material having a second stiffness greater than the first stiffness. [7] The ball bat of [1], wherein at least one of the first outer shell segment or the second outer shell segment comprises a composite laminate material. [8] The ball bat of [1], wherein the elastomeric material comprises an elastomeric composite having reinforcing fibers. [9] The ball bat of [1], wherein the elastomeric material comprises one or more of polyurethane, epoxy, acrylic, cyanoacrylate, silicone, or ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) foam.

[10] A ball bat, a first outer shell segment, the first outer shell segment forming a body portion of the ball bat; a second outer shell segment, the second outer shell segment forming at least a portion of a tapered portion of the ball bat, the second outer shell segment being longitudinally spaced a predetermined gap from the first outer shell segment. an elastomeric material positioned between the first outer shell segment and the second outer shell segment to join the first outer shell segment to the second outer shell segment, the elastomeric material being configured to flex to facilitate relative movement between the first outer shell segment and the second outer shell segment. A ball bat equipped with

[11] The ball bat of

[10] , wherein the second outer shell segment further forms a grip portion of the ball bat.

[12] The ball bat of

[10] , wherein the elastomeric material comprises one or more layers of an elastomeric composite material including reinforcing fibers.

[13] The ball bat of

[12] , wherein the elastomeric composite material includes one or more fibers of carbon, glass, graphite, boron, aramid, ceramic, or silica.

[14] The ball bat of

[10] , wherein the elastomeric material comprises one or more of polyurethane, epoxy, acrylic, cyanoacrylate, silicone, or ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) foam.

[15] The ball bat of

[10] , wherein the first outer shell segment further forms at least a portion of the tapered portion of the ball bat.

[16] The ball bat of

[10] , wherein the gap is approximately between 1 inch and 2 inches wide along a longitudinal axis of the ball bat.

[17] The ball bat of

[10] , further comprising a reinforcing tubular element positioned adjacent to the elastomeric material in a radially inward direction, the elastomeric material having a first stiffness, and the reinforcing tubular element having a second stiffness greater than the first stiffness.

[18] A method of making a ball bat, comprising: forming a first outer shell segment with one or more layers of a composite laminate material, wherein the first outer shell segment defines a body portion of the ball bat; forming a second outer shell segment with one or more layers of composite laminate material, the second outer shell segment being longitudinally spaced from the first outer shell segment and defining at least a portion of a tapered portion of the ball bat; forming a joint to connect the first outer shell segment to the second outer shell segment, wherein forming the joint comprises providing an elastomeric material and connecting the first outer shell segment to the second outer shell segment with the elastomeric material. A method comprising:

[19] The method of

[18] , wherein providing the elastomeric material comprises providing one or more layers of an elastomeric composite material comprising reinforcing fibers.

[20] The method of

[18] , wherein forming the joint comprises positioning a reinforcing tubular element inside the joint.

Claims

1. A ball bat, an end cap positioned at a distal end of the ball bat; an end knob located at a proximal end of the ball bat opposite the distal end; a first outer shell segment comprising at least a portion of a body portion of the ball bat; a second outer shell segment comprising at least a portion of a grip portion of the ball bat or at least a portion of a tapered portion of the ball bat; an elastomeric material bonding the first outer shell segment to the second outer shell segment; the second outer shell segment is longitudinally spaced apart from the first outer shell segment by a gap without overlapping between the second outer shell segment and the first outer shell segment; the ball bat having an interior region extending from the end cap to the end knob and being completely hollow between the end cap and the end knob; The ball bat, wherein the elastomeric material is continuous with the first outer shell segment and the second outer shell segment.

2. The ball bat of claim 1 , wherein the elastomeric material comprises reinforced fibers.

3. The ball bat of claim 1 , wherein the first outer shell segment or the second outer shell segment comprises a composite laminate material.

4. The ball bat of claim 1 , wherein the elastomeric material is the only connection between the first outer shell segment and the second outer shell segment.

5. The ball bat of claim 1 , wherein the elastomeric material has a thickness that is uniform with a thickness of the first outer shell segment or the second outer shell segment.

6. The ball bat of claim 1 , wherein the elastomeric material is located in a tapered portion of the ball bat.

7. 1. A ball bat comprising a hollow outer shell, the hollow outer shell comprising: a first outer shell segment comprising at least a portion of a body portion of a ball bat; a second outer shell segment comprising at least a portion of a grip portion of the ball bat; an elastomeric material positioned to connect the first outer shell segment to the second outer shell segment; the first outer shell segment and the second outer shell segment are spaced apart along a longitudinal axis of the ball bat to define a gap between the first outer shell segment and the second outer shell segment; a distance between the first outer shell segment and the second outer shell segment defining a gap width; the first outer shell segment and the second outer shell segment do not overlap one another along the longitudinal axis; The elastomeric material is positioned in the gap and extends along the longitudinal axis no greater than the gap width.

8. The ball bat of claim 7 , wherein the elastomeric material is located in a tapered portion of the ball bat.

9. The ball bat of claim 7, wherein at least one of the first outer shell segment or the second outer shell segment comprises a composite laminate material.

10. The ball bat of claim 7, wherein the elastomeric material comprises reinforcing fibers.

11. The ball bat of claim 7, wherein the elastomeric material comprises one or more of polyurethane, epoxy, acrylic, cyanoacrylate, silicone, or ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) foam.

12. The ball bat of claim 7 , wherein the elastomeric material is the only connection between the first outer shell segment and the second outer shell segment.

13. The ball bat of claim 7 , wherein the elastomeric material has a thickness that is uniform with a thickness of the first outer shell segment or the second outer shell segment.

14. 8. The ball bat of claim 7, wherein the gap width is between 1 inch and 2 inches.

15. A ball bat, comprising: a first outer shell segment, the first outer shell segment forming at least a portion of a body portion of the ball bat; a second outer shell segment, the second outer shell segment forming at least a portion of a tapered portion of the ball bat or at least a portion of a grip portion of the ball bat, the second outer shell segment being spaced apart from the first outer shell segment along a longitudinal axis of the ball bat to define a gap between the first outer shell segment and the second outer shell segment; an elastomeric material positioned between the first and second outer shell segments to join the first and second outer shell segments, the elastomeric material being configured to flex to facilitate relative movement between the first and second outer shell segments. Equipped with All of the elastomeric material is within the gap.

16. The ball bat of claim 15 , wherein the elastomeric material is positioned in a tapered portion of the ball bat.

17. 16. The ball bat of claim 15, wherein at least one of the first outer shell segment or the second outer shell segment comprises a composite laminate material.

18. The ball bat of claim 15 , wherein the elastomeric material comprises reinforced fibers.

19. 16. The ball bat of claim 15, wherein the gap extends a distance between 1 inch and 2 inches along a longitudinal axis of the ball bat.

20. 16. The ball bat of claim 15, wherein the elastomeric material is the only connection between the first outer shell segment and the second outer shell segment.

21. 16. The ball bat of claim 15, wherein the elastomeric material has a thickness that is uniform with a thickness of the first outer shell segment or the second outer shell segment.

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