System for the steady release of volatile substances

Abstract

A system for steadily releasing a volatile material includes a dispenser having at least one opening and a substrate adapted to fit within the dispenser. The substrate includes a first woven layer having a first pore size, a second woven layer having a second pore size, a third nonwoven fibrous layer extending between the first and second woven layers, and a volatile material. The system exhibits a steady weight loss of the volatile material over a period of more than 30 days.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates generally to a dispenser device for emitting a volatile material, and more particularly to a dispenser and substrate for passive emission of a volatile material, comprising a multi-layer substrate supported by a protective housing. [Background technology]

[0002] Various volatile material dispensing devices known in the art generally include a reservoir that holds the volatile material and a housing or support structure that holds the reservoir. These devices typically either allow passive diffusion of the volatile material to occur without the aid of a dispensing mechanism, or use a dispensing mechanism to enhance and / or promote the release of the volatile material. For example, typical dispensing mechanisms used in volatile material dispensing devices include heating devices and / or fans. Such prior dispensers may often require these mechanisms or other expensive materials to ensure a constant release of the volatile material over an extended period of time. However, these prior dispensers often require electrical power and are significantly more expensive to manufacture.

[0003] In some examples, the dispenser that passively emits volatile material may be provided as a sheet or film and may include multiple layers, one of which may be exposed to the surrounding environment and thus emit an amount of volatile material therefrom. However, such prior passive dispensers also have common drawbacks. For one, the user may have to come into contact with the material to be emitted while activating or opening the dispenser, or during use of the dispenser. Furthermore, the release rate of active ingredient from a passive dispenser typically decreases over time, and the efficacy of volatile release therefrom decreases during the period of use.

[0004] What is needed is a dispenser that preferably overcomes one or more of these shortcomings. More particularly, what is needed is a dispenser that passively emits a volatile material having an active agent, such as an insecticide, at a constant rate over an extended period of time while not requiring the user to come into contact with the volatile material. Summary of the Invention

[0005] An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a substrate for dispensing a volatile material. The substrate includes opposing first and second layers having a first configuration and a first pore size. The substrate further includes an intermediate layer between the first and second layers, the intermediate layer being of a second configuration. The opposing first and second layers are also liquid and air permeable.

[0006] In a related embodiment, the present disclosure provides a dispenser for emitting a volatile material. The dispenser includes a substrate having a front surface, a back surface, and first and second opposing layers with a plurality of openings, and an intermediate layer disposed between the first and second layers. The first and second layers are each of a first configuration and have a first pore size. Additionally, the intermediate layer is of a second configuration, and the first and second opposing layers are liquid and air permeable.

[0007] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a system for the steady release of a volatile material is provided. The system includes a dispenser having at least one opening, a substrate adapted to fit within the dispenser, and a volatile material. The substrate also includes a first woven layer having a first pore size, a second woven layer having a second pore size, and a third nonwoven, fibrous layer extending between the first and second woven layers. Furthermore, the system has a steady state weight loss of the volatile material over a period of more than 30 days.

[0008] In a further embodiment, the volatile material comprises an active agent selected from the group consisting of metafluthrin, transfluthrin, tefluthrin, and vaporsurin. The pore size of the first fabric layer may be between about 1 millimeter and about 10 millimeters, and the steady weight loss of the volatile material may be between about 1 milligram per day and about 10 milligrams per day. Furthermore, the weight of the volatile material may be between about 1 gram and about 5 grams, and at least one opening of the dispenser exposes a portion of the first fabric layer. In a further embodiment, at least one opening of the dispenser exposes between about 50% and about 99% of the surface area of ​​the first fabric layer.

[0009] In other embodiments, the system has a steady weight loss of the volatile material for a period of more than 60 days or more than 70 days. In some embodiments, the first pore size may be different from the second pore size, and the dispenser may include a front and a back, the front including at least one opening. Additionally, in another embodiment, the first woven layer and the second woven layer are constructed from a first material, and the third nonwoven fibrous layer is constructed from a second material, and the first material and the second material are different.

[0010] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, another system for steadily releasing a volatile material is provided. The system includes a frame having at least one opening, a substrate disposed within the frame, and a volatile material. The substrate includes a first woven layer having a plurality of pores, a second woven layer having a plurality of pores, and a third nonwoven fibrous layer extending between the first woven layer and the second woven layer. The system provides a steady weight loss of the volatile material over a period of time greater than 30 days.

[0011] In further embodiments, the steady state weight loss of the volatile material is between about 4 mg / day and about 6 mg / day; the volatile material is selected from the group consisting of metafluthrin, transfluthrin, tefluthrin, and vaporsurin; and the volatile material is in an amount between about 2 g and about 3 g. In further embodiments, the system has a steady state weight loss of the volatile material over a period of more than 70 days. In some embodiments, the frame includes a first opening exposing a portion of the first fabric layer and a second opening exposing a portion of the second fabric layer.

[0012] According to yet another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method of designing a system for constant emission of a volatile material, the method including the steps of selecting a minimum time for constant emission of the volatile material, selecting a minimum emission rate of the volatile material, calculating a minimum concentration of the volatile material using the minimum time for constant emission of the volatile material and the minimum emission rate of the volatile material, selecting a first layer for a substrate based on at least the minimum emission rate of the volatile material, and selecting a second layer for the substrate based on at least the minimum concentration of the volatile material. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0013] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a front isometric view of a dispenser according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is a rear isometric view of the dispenser of FIG. 1. [Diagram 3] FIG. 2 is a rear isometric view of the dispenser of FIG. 1 according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 4] FIG. 13 is a front isometric view of a dispenser according to another aspect of the present disclosure. [Diagram 5] FIG. 2 is a front view showing the front of the dispenser of FIG. 1. [Figure 6] FIG. 13 is a front isometric view of a dispenser according to yet another aspect of the present disclosure. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 is a front view of the dispenser of FIG. 6. [Figure 8] FIG. 7 is a rear view of the dispenser of FIG. 6. [Figure 9] FIG. 7 is a side view of a substrate for use in the dispenser of FIGS. 1 and 6. [Figure 10] FIG. 7 is a top view of a portion of another substrate for use with the dispenser of FIGS. 1 and 6. [Figure 11] FIG. 7 is a top view of a portion of yet another substrate for use with the dispenser of FIGS. 1 and 6. [Figure 12] Figure 12A shows a top view of a portion of the substrate of Figure 9 in a first state and Figure 12B shows a top view of a portion of the substrate of Figure 9 in a second state. [Figure 13] 10 is a graph showing the release or emanating rate of multiple volatile active agents from the substrate of FIG. 9 over a period of time, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 14] 1 is a graph showing the wicking speed of various substrates over a certain period of time. [Figure 15] Figure 15A is a graph showing the rate of release or emanating of a volatile material activator over a period of time from the dispenser of Figure 6 having the substrate of Figure 9. Figure 15B is another graph showing the rate of release or emanating of a volatile material activator over a period of time from the dispenser of Figure 6 having the substrate of Figure 9. Figure 15C is another graph showing the rate of release or emanating of a volatile material activator over a period of time from the dispenser of Figure 6 having the substrate of Figure 9. [Figure 16] 1 is a graph showing the amount of activator in various substrates of different thicknesses after 72 hours. [Figure 17] 1 is a graph showing the amount of active agent in various substrates with different pore sizes after 72 hours. [Figure 18] 1 is a graph showing the amount of active agent in various substrates with different pore sizes after 72 hours. [Figure 19] 1 is a graph showing the release or emanating rate of a volatile active agent from various substrates with different densities and fiber surface areas. [Figure 20] 1 is a graph showing the release or emanating rate of volatile material activator from various dispensers having different percentages of substrate exposed during use. [Figure 21] FIG. 10 illustrates a design method for constructing the substrate of FIG. 9 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 22] For example, a bracelet may be used in combination with the substrate of FIG. [Figure 23] 10 is a front isometric view of a clip that can be used in combination with the substrate of FIG. 9, for example. [Figure 24] FIG. 24 is a rear isometric view of the clip of FIG. 23. [Diagram 25] For example, another bracelet that can be used in combination with the substrate of FIG. [Figure 26] FIG. 10 shows a hanger that can be used in combination with the substrate of FIG. 9, for example. [Figure 27] FIG. 10 illustrates another hanger that can be used in combination with the substrate of FIG. 9, for example. [Figure 28] FIG. 10 illustrates an arrangement that can be used in combination with the substrate of FIG. 9, for example. [Figure 29] FIG. 10 shows a kit including a cage and a pouch that may be used in combination with the substrate of FIG. 9, for example. [Diagram 30] FIG. 27 shows a reservoir that can be used to dispense medication to, for example, the substrate of FIG. 9 or the bracelet of FIG. 25. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0014] The following discussion and accompanying figures disclose various embodiments or configurations of a dispensing device (dispensing device) and a substrate that can be used in combination with the dispensing device.

[0015] The term "about" as used herein refers to variations in numerical values ​​that may occur, for example, due to typical measuring and manufacturing procedures used for volatile dispensers or other articles of manufacture that may include embodiments of the present disclosure; due to inadvertent errors in these procedures; due to differences in manufacture, source, or purity of ingredients used in making a composition or mixture or carrying out a method. Throughout this disclosure, the term "about" refers to a range of values ​​of ±5% of the numerical value that the term precedes.

[0016] As used herein, "weight percent," "wt-%," "percent by weight," "wt-%," and variations thereof refer to the concentration of a substance or component as the weight of that substance or component divided by, for example, the total weight of a composition or a particular component of a composition, multiplied by 100. As used herein, it is understood that "percent," "%," and the like, may be synonymous with "weight-%" and "wt-%."

[0017] The present disclosure is directed to a dispenser and substrate for holding a volatile material. While the present disclosure may be embodied in many different forms, several specific embodiments are discussed herein, with the understanding that the disclosure should be considered only as an exemplification of the principles of the disclosure, and is not intended to limit the disclosure to the illustrated embodiments.

[0018] Additionally, the principles of the present disclosure apply to any volatile material that is released by passive emission, and while the specific examples illustrate the passive emission of certain volatile materials (e.g., insecticides), it is envisioned that the dispensers and substrates discussed herein can be used with a variety of volatile materials. Examples of volatile materials include, but are not limited to, insecticides, insect repellents, insect attractants, fragrances, mold or mildew inhibitors, cleaners, disinfectants, air fresheners, aromatherapy scents, preservatives, positive fragrance volatiles, air fresheners, odor eliminators, and the like, and combinations thereof. Additionally, additives may be included in the volatile materials, such as fragrances or preservatives, as described in more detail herein.

[0019] dispenser 1 and 2 generally illustrate a dispenser device 100 for use in the emission of a volatile material into an ambient environment, and in this particular embodiment, the passive emission of a volatile material into an ambient environment. In one preferred embodiment, as discussed further herein, the dispenser device 100 is used in combination with a multi-layer substrate to emit a pest control agent, such as a repellent or insecticide, into an ambient environment.

[0020] 1 and 2, the dispensing apparatus 100 is shown having two opposing sides including a front side 102 (see FIG. 1) and a back side 104 (see FIG. 2). A center plate 106 extends between the front side 102 and the back side 104, and a substrate (not shown) may be disposed between the front side 102 and the back side 104, as will be discussed further herein. In these embodiments, the substrate is a reservoir for the volatile material and causes the volatile material to emanate from the dispensing apparatus 100 over a predetermined period of time.

[0021] In this embodiment, the central plate 106 is generally rectangular and includes rounded corners 108. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the dispensing apparatus 100 and the central plate 106 may have different configurations or shapes. For example, the dispensing apparatus 100 may be circular, oval, triangular, square, rectangular, pentagonal, hexagonal, or any other desired geometric configuration. The central plate 106 may have a centrally located opening 110 at its top as shown in this embodiment. The opening 110 allows a user to hang the dispensing apparatus 100 before or during its use. Additional openings may be located around the periphery of the central plate 106 to aid in hanging the dispensing apparatus 100 in alternative embodiments.

[0022] With particular reference to FIG. 1 , the front face 102 extends from a central plate 106 and, in this embodiment, is generally rectangular with rounded corners 112. Like the central plate 106, the front face 102 may have alternative configurations or shapes in other embodiments. For example, in some embodiments, the front face 102 may be circular, oval, triangular, square, rectangular, pentagonal, hexagonal, or any other desired geometric configuration. Legs 114 may extend from a bottom end 116 of the front face 102, which support the dispensing device 100 and allow the dispensing device 100 to be placed on a surface (not shown) before or during its use. The front face 102 may also include a number of openings 120, which allow air to enter and exit the dispensing device 100. As such, volatile materials may emanate from a substrate within the dispensing device 100 through the openings 120 during use of the dispensing device 100.

[0023] In certain embodiments, the front surface 102 and its openings 120 may be modified or adjusted to increase or decrease the rate of emanations of volatile material from the dispensing device 100. Referring now to FIG. 5, a diagram is depicted showing the front surface 102 having a height H and a width W. In some embodiments, the height H may be between about 10 centimeters and about 100 centimeters, or between about 10 cm and about 50 cm, or between about 10 cm and about 30 cm. In these embodiments, the width W may be between about 10 cm and about 100 cm, or between about 10 cm and about 50 cm, or between about 10 cm and about 30 cm. As previously discussed herein, the front surface 102 may have alternative configurations, and in some embodiments, may be circular, oval, triangular, square, rectangular, pentagonal, hexagonal, or any other desired geometric configuration. In these embodiments, the front surface 102 may be between about 100 cm and about 100 cm. 2 and about 10,000 cm 2 Between or about 100cm 2 and about 2,500 cm 2 Between or about 100cm 2 and about 900cm 2The surface area may be between 100 mm and 150 mm.

[0024] In one aspect, as shown in Figures 1 and 5, the apertures 120 may be circular apertures having various diameters. For example, with continued reference to Figures 1 and 5, the circular apertures 120 proximate the center 122 of the front face 102 may have the smallest relative diameter, and the diameter of the apertures 120 may increase as the apertures 120 extend outward from the center 122 of the front face 102. Additionally, as best shown in Figure 5, the apertures 120 may be organized in a plurality of concentric rings or annular rows extending outward from the center 122 of the front face 102. Additionally, in this particular embodiment, the diameter of the apertures 120 within each concentric circle of apertures may be uniform. However, as previously discussed herein, the diameter of the apertures 120 may generally increase as the apertures 120 extend outward from the center 122, in other words, the diameter of the apertures 120 within the first concentric circle may be the smallest, and the diameter of the apertures 120 within the concentric circle furthest from the center 122 may be the largest.

[0025] In this particular embodiment, the front face 102 includes approximately thirteen concentric circular or annular rows of apertures 120, i.e., annular rows A-M (see FIG. 5). However, in alternative embodiments, the front face 102 may include any number of apertures 120 to produce a desired emission of volatile material from the dispensing device 100. For example, in alternative embodiments, the apertures 120 may be organized into rows or columns to create a grid configuration. In such embodiments, the front face 102 may include between 1 and 100 rows and / or between about 1 and 100 columns. Furthermore, the rows and columns may each include between 1 and 100 apertures. In other embodiments, the apertures 120 may be organized to depict a particular shape, letter, word, or image.

[0026] According to another aspect of the disclosure, the apertures 120 in regions N-Q proximate the corners 112 of the front face 102 may have alternative configurations. For example, as best shown in FIG. 5, the apertures 120 proximate the corners 112 of the front face 102 may be triangular in configuration. Further, in this embodiment, the apertures 120 furthest from the corners 112 may have the smallest diameter and the apertures 120 closest to the corners 112 may have the largest diameter. Thus, the diameter of the apertures 120 may generally increase as the apertures 120 extend from the center 122 of the front face 102, then decrease as the apertures 120 transition from a first pattern (i.e., concentric or annular rows of apertures) to a second pattern (i.e., a triangular pattern of apertures), and then further increase as the apertures 120 extend to the corners 112.

[0027] In an alternative embodiment, the apertures 120 may be in an inverted configuration, with the apertures 120 furthest from the corner 112 having the largest diameter and the apertures 120 closest to the corner 112 having the smallest diameter. In yet another embodiment, the front surface 102 may not include apertures 120 in a triangular configuration. Rather, in one embodiment, the front surface 112 may only include concentric circles of apertures 120 that extend to the corner 112 such that the diameter of the apertures 120 only increases as they extend outward from the center 122 of the front surface.

[0028] In alternative embodiments, the openings 120 may be circular openings having a uniform diameter. In other embodiments, the openings 120 may be organized in alternative configurations, such as rows or columns, or may be randomly or randomly positioned on the front surface 102. However, in certain embodiments, the openings 120 may be between about 35% and about 99% of the surface area of ​​the front surface 102 of the dispensing apparatus 100. In alternative embodiments, the openings 120 may be between about 50% and about 99% of the front surface 102, or between about 75% and about 99% of the front surface 102, or between about 90% and about 95% of the front surface 102. For example, with continued reference to FIG. 5, the front surface 102 may have a total surface area (SA) defined by multiplying the width W by the height H. Additionally, the portion of the total surface area (SA) of the front surface 102 across which the openings 120 extend may be characterized by subtracting the surface area (SA1) lacking any of the openings 120 from the total surface area (SA). In this particular embodiment, the surface area (SA1) may be calculated using a radius (r), defined as the distance between the center 122 of the front surface 102 and the innermost edge defining one of the openings 120 of the smallest concentric ring or annular row A, and the following Equation 1:

[0029]

number

[0030] Additionally, the total surface area (SA) of the substrate exposed to the ambient environment may be approximately equal to the total surface area (SA) minus the surface area (SA1), which is approximately the same as the surface area absent any of the openings 120. Additionally, the percentage of the substrate surface area that is exposed may be approximately equal to the total substrate surface area (SA ES ) to the total surface area of ​​the substrate (SA s ), which in most embodiments is equal to the total surface area (SA). The formula for determining the percentage of the substrate surface area that is exposed is shown in Equation 2 below.

[0031]

number

[0032] The concentric circles of apertures A-M and the apertures of quadrants N-Q may be characterized by individual radii extending from the center of each aperture. In this manner, an actual measure of the surface area defined by apertures 120 may be calculated, or the surface area excluding any apertures may be calculated. Turning again to FIG. 5, the largest or last concentric ring of apertures M may be characterized by a radius (R) defined by the outermost edge of one of the apertures of the largest concentric circle or annular row M, as shown in FIG. 5. The radius (R) may be approximately equal to half the height H of the front face 102 and / or approximately equal to half the width W of the front face 102. In these embodiments, the percentage of the surface area (SA) having apertures of the first pattern (i.e., the concentric circles or annular row of apertures A-M) may be calculated using Equation 3 below and may be characterized as a first footprint or diffusion area. The percentage of the surface area having openings in the second pattern (i.e., regions N through Q) may be calculated using Equation 4 below and may be characterized as a second footprint or diffusion area having four quadrants.

[0033]

number

[0034]

number

[0035] Additionally, the surface area of ​​each quadrant, i.e., Regions N through Q, having alternative configurations may be calculated by dividing the surface area calculated in Equation 3 by four.

[0036] The diameter of the aperture 120 may be between about 1 millimeter and about 25 millimeters, or between about 1 mm and about 15 mm, or between about 5 millimeters and about 10 millimeters. In alternative embodiments, the aperture 120 may be of alternative configurations. For example, the aperture 120 may be oval, triangular, square, rectangular, pentagonal, hexagonal, or any other desired geometric shape. In such an embodiment, the aperture 120 may be approximately 0.75 mm 2 and about 500 mm 2 Between or about 0.75 mm 2 and about 175 mm 2 Between or about 20 mm 2 and about 75 mm 2 The surface area may range between 0.01 and 0.1 mm.

[0037] Additionally, as previously described herein, the diameter of the openings 120 may generally increase as the openings 120 extend outward from the center 122, as shown, for example, in FIG. 5. As a result, the emanating or release rate of the volatile material from the dispensing apparatus 100 may vary at different locations on the front surface 102. For example, in this embodiment, the emanating rate may increase extending outward from the generally central portion 122 and have a positive relationship with the size of the openings 120. In other words, since the concentric circle M includes openings 120 having a larger diameter than the openings 120 of the concentric circle A, the emanating rate of the volatile material of the dispensing apparatus 100 may be greater through the openings 120 of the concentric circle M compared to the emanating rate of the volatile material through the openings 120 of the concentric circle A. The effect is that the dispensing apparatus 100 may wick the volatile material from the center 122 to the corners 112 of the front surface 102. In alternative embodiments, the size of the openings 120 may be altered and adjusted to provide other desired airflows and emanating rates.

[0038] In some embodiments, the front surface 102 may include between about 1 and 7,500, or between about 1 and 2,000, or between about 500 and about 1,000, or between about 700 and about 800 apertures. Still referring to FIG. 5, the apertures 120 may also have symmetry across the vertical axis 124 and / or the horizontal axis 126. Additionally, as shown in FIG. 4, the surface below the apertures 120 may be a different color than the color of the front surface 102.

[0039] 2, the rear surface 104 of the dispensing apparatus 100 may be similar to the front surface 102 and may include a number of apertures 130 extending outwardly from a center 132. However, in alternative embodiments, the rear surface 104 of the dispensing apparatus 100 may not include apertures 130, as shown in FIG. 3. In other embodiments, the rear surface 104 may be constructed independently of the front surface 102 and may include apertures 130 of various sizes, numbers, and patterns. Thus, the above disclosure regarding the front surface 102, and its apertures 120, applies equally and independently to the rear surface 104 and its apertures 130. For example, in some embodiments, the rear surface 104 may have a height and width, independently, between about 10 centimeters and about 100 centimeters, or between about 10 centimeters and about 50 centimeters, or between about 10 centimeters and about 30 centimeters. Additionally, the openings 130 may be circular and may have a diameter, for example, between about 1 millimeter and about 25 millimeters, or between about 1 millimeter and about 15 millimeters, or between about 5 millimeters and about 10 millimeters. Alternatively, the dispensing apparatus 100 may not include the back surface 104, and the center plate 106 may define the back surface of the dispensing apparatus 100.

[0040] The dispensing device 100 may also be characterized by a thickness. The thickness may be the distance measured between the front face 102 and the back face 104 of the dispensing device 100. In some embodiments, the thickness of the dispensing device 100 may be between about 0.05 cm and about 10 cm.

[0041] Additionally, in this particular embodiment, the back surface 104 also includes legs 134 extending from a bottom end 136 of the back surface 104, which may support the dispensing apparatus 100. During use, the legs 114, 136 allow the dispensing apparatus 100 to sit or rest on a surface (not shown).

[0042] 6-8 show another dispensing apparatus or frame 200 for use in emitting a volatile material into a surrounding environment according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure. Similar to the dispensing apparatus 100, the dispensing apparatus 200 is used in combination with a multi-layer substrate to emit a volatile substance, such as a pest control, repellent, or insecticide, into the surrounding environment.

[0043] The dispenser apparatus 200 may include two opposing sides including a front side 202 and a back side 204, and a substrate 206 may be disposed between the front side 202 and the back side 204. As will be further described, the substrate 206 is a reservoir of volatile material and passively emanates the volatile material from the dispensing apparatus 200 over a predetermined period of time.

[0044] The dispensing apparatus 200 may include two opposing sides, including a front side 202 and a back side 204, and a substrate 206 may be disposed between the front side 202 and the back side 204. As will be further discussed, the substrate 206 is a reservoir for the volatile material and passively emanates the volatile material from the dispensing apparatus 200 over a predetermined period of time.

[0045] 6 and 7, the front side 202 includes an opening 208 that allows airflow through the substrate 206 to provide passive emanations of volatile material from the substrate 206. The back side 204 of the dispensing apparatus 200 may be similar to the front side 202 and may also include an opening 210 that allows airflow through the substrate 206 to provide passive emanations of volatile material from the substrate 206, as shown in FIG. 8. Alternatively, the back side 204 does not include the opening 210 and in this embodiment, the back side 204 is closed and covers the substrate 206.

[0046] With continued reference to FIGS. 6-8, the openings 208, 210 may be between about 50% and about 99% of the front surface 202 or the back surface 204, respectively. In further embodiments, the openings 208, 210 may be between about 75% and about 99%, or between about 90% and about 95% of the front surface 202 or the back surface 204, respectively. For example, with continued reference to FIGS. 6-8, the front surface 202 may have a total surface area (SA2) defined by width W2 multiplied by height H2, and the back surface 204 may have a total surface area (SA3) defined by width W3 multiplied by height H3. In this manner, the openings 208, 210 may expose about 50% to about 99%, or about 75% to about 99%, or about 90% to about 95% of the substrate 206 to the ambient environment. Thus, similar to the dispensing device 100 , the front and back surfaces 202 , 204 and their openings 208 , 210 may be sized to increase or decrease the rate at which volatile material emanates from the dispensing device 200 .

[0047] 7 and 8, the heights H2, H4 and widths W2, W4 may be of similar dimensions to the height H and width W of the dispensing device 100. More specifically, the heights H2, H3 and widths W2, W3 may be from about 10 centimeters to about 100 centimeters, or from about 10 centimeters to about 50 centimeters, or from about 10 centimeters to about 30 centimeters. In these embodiments, the front 202 and / or the back 204 may be approximately 100 cm. 2 and about 10,000 cm 2 Between or about 100cm 2 and about 2,500 cm 2 Between or about 100cm 2 and about 900cm 2 The surface area may be between 100 mm and 150 mm.

[0048] The front 202 and back 204 and their openings 208, 210 may be altered or adjusted to increase or decrease the rate of emanations of the volatile material forming the dispensing device 200. With reference to Figures 7 and 8, the openings 208, 210 may be defined by heights H3, H5 and widths W3, W5, respectively, and are proportional to the exposed substrate surface area (SA ES ) can be calculated in this embodiment by multiplying the heights H3 and H5 by the widths W3 and W5. Therefore, the percentage of the substrate surface area exposed to the ambient environment is the exposed substrate surface area (SA ES ) divided by the total surface area (SA) of the substrate, which in most embodiments is the same as the total surface area (SA) of the front 202 or back 204. The total surface area (SA) of the front 202 or back 204 can be calculated using the dimensions of the height H2, H4 and the width W2, W4. In this embodiment, the total surface area (SA) of the front 202 or back 204 can be calculated by multiplying the height H2, H4 of the front 202 or back 204 by its width W2, W4. The formula for determining the percentage of the surface area of ​​the substrate exposed to the ambient environment is shown in Equation 5 below.

[0049]

number

[0050] As with the dispensing apparatus 100, the front 202 and back 204 and their openings 208, 210 may be modified or adjusted to increase or decrease the rate of volatile material emanating from the dispensing apparatus 200. As previously described herein, the openings 208, 210 may be between about 35% and about 99% of the surface area of ​​the front 202 or back 204 of the dispensing apparatus 200. In alternative embodiments, the openings 208, 210 may be between about 50% and about 99% of the front 202 or back 204, or between about 75% and about 99% of the front 202 or back 204, or between about 90% and about 95% of the front 202 or back 204. As a result, the percentage of the substrate surface area exposed (SA ES) may be between about 50% and up to about 99%, or between about 75% and about 99%, or between about 90% and about 95%.

[0051] Base material FIG. 9 illustrates a portion of a substrate 250 that may be used in conjunction with the dispensing apparatus 100 or dispensing apparatus 200. As described further herein, the substrate 250 may be comprised of one or more layers and may be a three-dimensional fabric material used for passive wicking of volatile material activators. In one embodiment, the structure of the substrate 250 may include multiple woven and nonwoven layers that may be laminated to produce the substrate 250. For example, as shown in FIG. 9, the substrate 250 may include a first layer 252, a second layer 254, and a third layer 256. However, according to alternative aspects of the present disclosure, the substrate 250 may include additional layers, or alternatively, only the first layer and the second layer, such as only the first layer 252 and the second layer 254.

[0052] The substrate 250 and the configuration of its layers create a substrate 250 with a high surface area per projected volume. More specifically, the first layer 252 and / or the third layer 256 may provide an optimal layer for wicking and subsequent release of a volatile material or active agent, with multiple pores that allow air flow through the substrate 250 and its layers, and the second layer 254 may provide an optimal layer for long term storage of a volatile material or active agent.

[0053] According to aspects of the present disclosure, the physical properties of the layers of the substrate 250 may be optimized to achieve desired wicking, saturation, and evaporation rates. More specifically, the thickness, porosity, weave pattern, material, and / or spatial density of the layers of the substrate 250 may be optimized to achieve desired wicking, saturation, and evaporation rates of the active agent from the substrate 250, for example. Furthermore, the thickness, porosity, weave pattern, material, and / or spatial density of the layers of the substrate 250 may be optimized to achieve a desired product life or emanation life time, such as the length of time the substrate 250 will consistently emanate the active agent therefrom. As discussed further herein, the substrate 250, and its properties, may be tailored such that the substrate 250 will passively and consistently emanate the active agent, such as transfluthrin, for a period of time, such as 1 week, 10 days, 2 weeks, 3 or 4 weeks, 6 weeks, or 8 weeks.

[0054] As discussed above, the substrate 250 may include a first layer 252, a second layer 254, and a third layer 256. Additionally, while in certain embodiments the first layer 252, the second layer 254, and the third layer 256 may have individual properties, in some embodiments the first layer 252, the second layer 254, and the third layer 256 may be composed of the same material and may be interwoven and include continuous fibers therebetween. For example, the first layer 252 and the third layer 256 may be woven layers and the second layer 254 may be a nonwoven layer extending therebetween. Additionally, the fibers of the second layer 254 may connect the fibers of the first layer 252 and the third layer 256.

[0055] First layer of substrate The first layer 252 may be formed using one or more materials to provide sufficient wicking, saturation, and evaporation rates. For example, in certain embodiments, the first layer 252 may be the top layer of the substrate 250 and may be a woven fibrous material constructed from cotton, polyester, or nylon-based materials. In these embodiments, the first layer 252 may have a pore size, weave pattern, thickness, porosity, and density.

[0056] The pore size of the first layer 252 may be between about 0.5 millimeters and about 20 millimeters, or between about 1 millimeter and about 10 millimeters, or between about 2 millimeters and about 5 millimeters, or any pore size between the aforementioned values, to provide a desired rate of volatile material emanating from the substrate 250, as further described herein. For example, if a dispensing device 100, 200 having a rapid emanation rate is desired, the pore size of the first layer 252 may be substantially larger than the pore size of the first layer 252 of the substrate 250 for a dispensing device 100, 200 in which a slow emanation rate is desired.

[0057] Additionally, the pore size of the first layer 252 may depend on the configuration of the dispensing apparatus 100, 200 used in combination with the substrate 250. More specifically, the pore size of the first layer 252 and the total surface area of ​​the substrate 250 exposed to the ambient environment by the configuration of the apertures in the dispensing apparatus 100, 200 each affect the rate at which the volatile material or activator emanates from the substrate 250. Thus, when designing the substrate 250, the first layer 252 and its properties (i.e., pore size) may be tailored in combination with the dispensing apparatus to be used therewith.

[0058] To provide non-limiting examples, Figure 10 depicts a substrate 300 having a pore size X1 of about 3 mm, and Figure 11 depicts a substrate 320 having a pore size X2 of about 5 mm, both of which may be utilized in the first layer 252 of the substrate 250 or the third layer 256 of the substrate 250. Additionally, in some embodiments, the top layer 252 may also include multiple pore sizes. For example, referring to Figure 11, the substrate 320 may include pore size X2 and pore size X3.

[0059] As discussed above, the weave pattern, thickness, and density of the first layer 252 may also be optimized to produce a desired exhalation rate. For example, in embodiments in which the first layer 252 is a woven material, the weave pattern of the first layer 252 may be tailored to control the exhalation rate. In one preferred embodiment, an optimal weave pattern creates a favorable balance between the release rate of the volatile material therein and the internal surface area that acts as a reservoir for the volatile material therein.

[0060] As discussed further herein, the first layer 252 may be constructed from textiles produced by Gehring-Tricot warp knit fabrics located in St. Johnsonville, NY and Dolgeville, NY, such as D3® Spacer fabric. Specific, non-limiting examples of materials or textiles that may be used to construct the first layer 252 include the following fabrics manufactured by Gehring-Tricot Corporation: Gehring Green, SHR 714F, SHR 796F, SHR 918, SHR 891, SHR 896, SHR 701 / 6, SHR 711 / 6, SHR 878, SHR 863 SHR 884, SHR 895, SHR 844, SHR 860 / 1, SHR 724 / 5, and SHR 702 / 1. The aforementioned fabrics are described in further detail in the Examples herein.

[0061] Examples of materials satisfactory for forming the first layer 252 include textile-based materials such as cotton, polyester, nylon, rayon, or combinations thereof. In further embodiments, the first layer 252 may be formed from a plant-based material such as hemp fibers.

[0062] The thickness of the first layer 252 can also be optimized for a particular application of the substrate 250. As described further herein, the thickness of the first layer 252 is positively correlated to the emissivity, and thus, if a higher emissivity or emanations rate is desired, a material having a greater thickness for the first layer 252 may be used. In certain embodiments, the thickness of the first layer 252 may range between about 0.1 millimeters and about 6 millimeters, or between about 0.3 millimeters and about 5 millimeters, or between about 0.3 millimeters and about 3 millimeters, or between about 1 millimeter and about 2.5 millimeters, or between about 1 millimeter and about 2 millimeters.

[0063] Second layer of substrate The second layer 254 may also be formed using one or more materials to provide sufficient wicking, saturation, and evaporation rates. For example, in certain embodiments, the second layer 254 may be an intermediate, spacer layer disposed between the first layer 252 and the third layer 256. In these embodiments, the second layer 254 may be a fibrous, nonwoven material, such as a cotton, polyester, or nylon-based material. Additionally, in these embodiments, the second layer 254 may have a thickness that may be altered to adjust the density, thickness, and surface area to volume ratio of the substrate 250.

[0064] As discussed above, the thickness and density of the second layer 254 may also be optimized to produce a desired emanating rate. More specifically, in certain embodiments, the thickness of the spacer and the density of the second layer 254 may be varied to control the saturation of the substrate 250 (i.e., the amount of volatile material storable within the substrate 250) and, consequently, the duration of the emanating of the volatile material from the substrate 250. In these embodiments, the second layer 254 may function as a reservoir of the volatile material with the active agent. In this manner, the density of the second layer 254 may be increased or decreased to control the degree of saturation of the volatile material or active agent. For example, if a higher degree of saturation is desired, the density of the fibers of the second layer 254 may be increased to increase the surface density of the substrate 250. As described further herein, the second layer 254 may be varied to control the surface density of the substrate 250 when the substrate 250 has a surface density of about 75 grams per square meter (g / m 2 ) and approximately 500 grams per square meter, or approximately 150 g / m 2 and about 400g / m 2 or about 150 g / m 2 and about 350g / m 2 or about 200 g / m 2 and about 320g / m 2 or about 250 g / m 2 and about 300g / m 2 or about 280 g / m 2 The fiber content can be varied by increasing or decreasing the fiber content therein so as to be between

[0065] In addition to varying the density of the second layer 254, the thickness of the second layer 254 may also be varied. The thickness of the second layer 254 may generally be defined as the distance between the first layer 252 and the second layer 254, i.e., the distance the fibers of the second layer 254 extend. In certain embodiments, the thickness of the second layer 254 may be between about 0.1 millimeters and about 6 millimeters, or between about 0.5 millimeters and about 5 millimeters, or between about 1 millimeter and about 4 millimeters, or between about 2 millimeters and about 3 millimeters, or between about 0.1 millimeters and about 0.3 millimeters.

[0066] Examples of materials, or fibers, satisfactory for forming the second layer 254 include textile-based materials such as cotton, polyester, nylon, rayon, or combinations thereof. In further embodiments, the first layer 252 may be formed from a plant-based material, such as hemp fibers.

[0067] Third layer of substrate The third layer 256 may be formed using one or more materials to provide sufficient wicking, saturation, and evaporation rates. In certain embodiments, the third layer 256 may be a bottom layer of the substrate 250 and may be a woven fibrous material constructed from cotton, polyester, or nylon-based materials. In these embodiments, the third layer 256 may have a pore size, weave pattern, thickness, porosity, and density.

[0068] The pore size of the third layer 256 may be between about 0 and about 20 millimeters, or between about 1 and about 10 millimeters, or between about 2 and about 5 millimeters, or any pore size between said values, to provide a desired rate of volatile material emanating from the substrate 250, as further described herein. For example, if a dispensing apparatus 100, 200 having a rapid emanation rate is desired, the pore size of the third layer 256 may be substantially larger than the pore size of the third layer 256 of the substrate 250 of the dispensing apparatus 100, 200 in which a slow emanation rate is desired. Additionally, the pore size of the third layer 256 may depend on the configuration of the dispensing apparatus 100, 200 used in combination with the substrate 250. For example, in one embodiment, the third layer 256 may be adjacent to the back surface 104 of the dispensing apparatus 100 when disposed thereon. Thus, in these embodiments, the pore size of the third layer 256 may be between about 1 mm and about 5 mm to allow for the emanation of volatile material activators within the substrate 250 when the back surface 104 includes openings 130 as shown in Figure 2. However, in alternative embodiments, such as those shown in Figure 3, when the back surface 104 does not include openings 130, the pore size of the third layer 256 may be 0 mm.

[0069] As discussed above, the weave pattern, thickness, and density of the third layer 256 may also be optimized to produce a desired exhalation rate. For example, in embodiments in which the third layer 256 is a woven material, the weave pattern of the third layer 256 may be tailored to control the exhalation rate.

[0070] As discussed further herein, the third layer 256, similar to the first layer 252, may be constructed from textiles produced by Gehring-Tricot warp knit fabrics located in St. Johnsonville, NY and Dolgeville, NY, such as D3® Spacer Fabric. Specific, non-limiting examples of materials or textiles that may be used to construct the first layer 252 include the following fabrics manufactured by Gehring-Tricot Corporation: Gehring Green, SHR 714F, SHR 796F, SHR 918, SHR 891, SHR 896, SHR 701 / 6, SHR 711 / 6, SHR 878, SHR 863 SHR 884, SHR 895, SHR 844, SHR 860 / 1, SHR 724 / 5, and SHR 702 / 1. The aforementioned fabrics are described in further detail in the Examples herein.

[0071] Generally, examples of materials satisfactory for forming the third layer 256 include textile-based materials such as cotton, polyester, nylon, rayon, or combinations thereof. In further embodiments, the third layer 256 may be formed from a plant-based material such as hemp fibers.

[0072] The thickness of the third layer 256 may also be optimized for a particular application for the substrate 250. As described further herein, the thickness of the third layer 256 is positively correlated to the emissivity, and thus, if a higher emissivity or exhalation rate is desired, a material having a greater thickness may be used for the third layer 256. In certain embodiments, the thickness of the third layer 256 may range between about 0.1 millimeters and about 6 millimeters, or between about 0.3 millimeters and about 5 millimeters, or between about 0.3 millimeters and about 3 millimeters, or between about 1 millimeter and about 2.5 millimeters, or between about 1 millimeter and about 2 millimeters.

[0073] The aforementioned layers of substrate 250 may also be individually modified to create a substrate having an optimum density, thickness, wicking rate, emission or emanation rate, or saturation.

[0074] In certain embodiments, the layer of substrate 250, and its properties, may be modified to provide substrate 250 with a saturation of between about 1 milligram (mg) and about 10,000 mg, or between about 1 mg and about 5,000 mg, or between about 1 mg and about 3,000 mg of volatile material, or between about 50 mg and about 100 mg of volatile material, or between about 1,500 mg and about 2,300 mg of volatile material, or between about 100 mg and about 700 mg, or between about 150 mg and about 400 mg, or between about 150 mg and about 300 mg of volatile material. In related embodiments, the layer of substrate 250, and its properties, may be modified to provide substrate 250 with a saturation of between about 0.005 mg / cm 2 and about 55 mg / cm 2 or about 0.005 mg / cm 2 and about 30 mg / cm 2 or about 0.2 mg / cm 2 and about 0.4 mg / cm 2 or about 6.5 mg / cm 2 and about 10 mg / cm 2 or about 0.4 mg / cm 2 and about 3 mg / cm 2 or about 0.6 mg / cm 2 and about 1.7 mg / cm 2 or about 0.6 mg / cm 2 and about 1.3 mg / cm 2 It is possible to provide a substrate 250 having a degree of saturation that is between:

[0075] In some embodiments, the layers of substrate 250, and their properties, can be modified to provide substrate 250 with a thickness of between about 0.1 millimeters and about 6 millimeters, or between about 1 millimeter and about 4 millimeters, or between about 1.5 millimeters and about 3 millimeters, or between about 1.7 millimeters and about 2.5 millimeters, or any thickness between the aforementioned values, to provide a desired rate of volatile material emanating from substrate 250, as discussed further herein.

[0076] In a further embodiment, the layer of substrate 250, and its properties, may be about 75 grams per square meter (g / m 2 ) to provide a desired rate of volatile material emanating from substrate 250, as further described herein. 2 ) and approximately 500 grams per square meter, or approximately 150 g / m 2 and about 400g / m 2 or about 150 g / m 2 and about 350g / m 2 or about 200 g / m 2 and about 320g / m 2 or about 250 g / m 2 and about 300g / m 2 or about 250 g / m 2 , or about 280 g / m 2 or any density range between the aforementioned values. In a preferred embodiment, the substrate 250 has a surface density of about 40 g / m 2 and 70g / m 2 It has a density in the range of

[0077] In some embodiments, the substrate 250 may include a use-up cue to indicate to a user that the dispensing device 100, 200 has volatilized all or nearly all of the volatile material therefrom. For example, as shown in Figures 12A and 12B, the first layer 252 of the substrate 250 may include light-colored textile fibers and dark-colored textile fibers that provide contrast that may be used as a visual or dosage cue to indicate the presence of volatile material on the substrate 250. For example, when the substrate 250 does not include volatile material, the light-colored textile fibers 350 provide a visual cue or appearance, as shown in Figure 12A, and when the substrate 250 is dosed with volatile material, the light-colored textile fibers are less evident, thereby indicating that volatile material is present therein, as shown in Figure 12B.

[0078] The dispensing device 100, 200 and the substrate 250 therein may include any suitable volatile material. In some embodiments, the volatile material may include an active agent, such as a fragrance, insecticide, deodorant, disinfectant, pet barrier, or other active volatile or other compound, disposed within a carrier liquid, such as an oil-based, organic-based, and / or water-based carrier or solvent, deodorant liquid, or the like, and / or combinations thereof. In certain embodiments, the dispensing device 100, 200 includes an insect control agent, insect repellent, or insecticide. Examples of insecticides that may be suitable for the volatile material include pyrethroids, such as metafluthrin, transfluthrin, tefluthrin, and vaporthrin, or natural active agents (such as geraniol), or blends of these insecticides.

[0079] Additional examples of active agents that can be used in the volatile material include RAID®, Pyrel®, POLIL®, AUTAN®, OUST™, or GLADE®, sold by S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc., Racine, Wisconsin. The volatile material can also comprise other active agents, such as disinfectants, air and / or fabric fresheners, cleaners, odor eliminators, mold or mildew inhibitors, insect repellents, or others with aromatherapy properties. The volatile material can alternatively comprise any fluid known to those skilled in the art that is dispensed from a container, such as one suitable for dispersion in the form of particles or droplets suspended in a gas and / or propelled by a propellant.

[0080] In some embodiments, the active agent, such as transfluthrin, may be present in the volatile material in an amount between about 5% and about 95% by weight, between about 60% and about 90% by weight, or between about 70% and about 85% by weight, or more specifically between about 75% and about 85% by weight. In certain embodiments, the insect control agent may be about 80% by weight of the volatile material, and in preferred embodiments, the transfluthrin may be about 80% by weight of the volatile material.

[0081] The volatile material may also be comprised of a liquid, solid, or vapor. In some embodiments, the volatile material may include one or more solvents, such as an organic or aqueous solution in which the insect control agent can dissolve. For example, in some embodiments, the active agent may be in a solid state at room temperature (23° C.), and a solvent may be added to the active agent to provide and maintain the volatile material in a liquid state, thus allowing the volatile material to spread and be coated on and positioned within the substrate 250. In further embodiments, the volatile material may include a fragrance. However, in other embodiments, the volatile material may be comprised of only the active agent, not mixed with other ingredients.

[0082] The dispensing apparatus 100, 200 can provide emission of volatile material from the dispensing apparatus 100, 200 at an initial emission rate measured within one hour of exposing the volatile material and the dispensing apparatus 100, 200 to the atmosphere. The dispensing apparatus 100, 200 can provide emission of volatile material across or from the first layer 252 at a subsequent emission rate measured at a fixed time after exposing the volatile material of the dispensing apparatus 100, 200 and the substrate 250 to the atmosphere. The fixed time can be any length of time for which it is desired that the vapor dispensing apparatus provide emission of a volatile composition. For example, the fixed time period can be 6 hours, 12 hours, 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6 days, 1 week, 10 days, 2 weeks, 15 days, 20 days, 3 weeks, 25 days, 4 weeks, 30 days, 5 weeks, 40 days, 6 weeks, 45 days, 7 weeks, 50 days, 55 days, 8 weeks, 10 weeks, 12 weeks, 15 weeks, 20 weeks, 25 weeks, 30 weeks, 1 year, etc. More specifically, the dispensing apparatus 100, 200 and the substrate 250, and even more specifically, the characteristics thereof, may be selected to provide the dispensing apparatus 100, 200 that emanates volatile material at a generally constant rate for a specified desired period of time.

[0083] As described herein, the substrate 250, or dispensing device 100, 200, may be configured such that the emanations or release of a volatile material or activator are correlated to the determined correlation, i.e., R 2 If the values ​​can be graphed or fitted with a linear regression line of 0.8 or greater, or 0.85 or greater, or 0.90 or greater, or 0.95 or greater, or 0.98 or greater, they can be characterized as having a constant or steady rate of shedding.

[0084] In certain aspects, the particular surface area and formulation concentration of the dispensing device 100, 200 is between about 0.1 mg / day and about 10 mg / day of active agent or volatile material, between about 1 mg / day and about 10 mg / day, between about 1 mg / day and about 7 mg / day, between about 1 mg / day and about 5 mg / day of active agent or volatile material, or between about 1.5 mg / day and about 4 mg / day of active agent or volatile material, or between about 1.5 mg / day and about 2 mg / day of active agent or volatile material. In further embodiments, the dispensing device 100, 200 and the substrate 250 therein may emit more than 10 mg / day of active agent or volatile material. For example, in some embodiments, the substrate 250 may emit more than 10 mg / day of active agent or volatile material when airflow through the substrate 250 is increased.

[0085] Similarly, as previously discussed herein, the dosage of the substrate 250 and / or the dispensing apparatus 100, 200 can be selected based on the desired emanating period, e.g., weekly, monthly, or seasonal. For example, if the dispensing apparatus 100, 200 is designed to have an emanating rate of about 2 mg of active agent / day, a dispensing apparatus 100, 200 designed for use for one month will be dosed with at least 60 mg of active agent (e.g., transfluthrin). As another example, if the dispensing apparatus 100, 200 is designed to have an emanating rate of about 2 mg of active agent / day, a dispensing apparatus 100, 200 designed for use for three months (i.e., one season) will be dosed with at least about 1,500 to about 2,300 mg of active agent (e.g., transfluthrin). Thus, the initial dosage level of the volatile material and / or active agent therein may vary from 1 mg to 5 g and can depend on the properties of the substrate 250, the desired emission rate, and / or the desired emission longevity.

[0086] As discussed above, in some embodiments, the dispensing device 100, 200 may be initially dosed with a volatile material and / or active agent at a predetermined initial dosage. In certain aspects, the initial dosage of the volatile material and / or active agent therein may be between about 1 mg and about 5 g, between about 20 mg and about 3 g, between about 20 mg and about 1 g, between about 20 mg and about 200 mg, between about 40 mg and about 100 mg, or between about 55 mg and about 70 mg. In other aspects, the initial dosage of the volatile material and / or active agent therein may range between about 1 mg and about 5 g, between about 1 g and about 3 g, or between about 1.5 g and about 2.3 g. In one example, the dispensing device 100, 200 or substrate 250 may be initially dosed with about 75 mg of active agent. In another example, the dispensing device 100, 200 or substrate 250 may be initially dosed with about 3 g to about 4.6 g of volatile material, which may include about 1.5 g to about 2.3 g of an active agent (e.g., Transfluthrin or Metofluthrin) and about 1.5 g to about 2.3 g of a diluent (e.g., Exxsol TM In this particular embodiment, the initial administration may include 230 cm 2 of material (e.g., 230 cm of a 250-m 2 (About 3 g to about 4.6 g of volatile material per capsule). Additionally, in these embodiments, the inclusion of a diluent can promote faster wicking, better distribution, and inhibit crystallization.

[0087] After dispensing the amount of volatile material onto the substrate 250, the substrate 250 may be placed within the dispensing device 100, 200 to prevent contact between the activator and a future user of the dispensing device 100, 200. Additionally, the dispensing device 100, 200 and its openings 120, 130 facilitate adequate airflow to allow for the protected emanations of the volatile material from the dispensing device 100, 200.

[0088] While initial dosage amounts are outlined above with respect to certain embodiments, it should be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that the initial dosage amounts may vary and may depend on factors including, but not limited to, the surface area of ​​the substrate 250 to which the volatile material is applied, the properties of one or more layers of the substrate 250 to which the volatile material may be applied (e.g., the thickness of the first layer 252, the second layer 254, or the third layer 256), the desired release rate of the volatile material from the dispensing apparatus 100, 200, the type of material used in one or more layers of the dispensing apparatus 200 (e.g., the type of material used in the first layer 252, the type of material used in the second layer 254, the type of material used in the third layer 256), or a combination of volatile material(s) used in the dispensing apparatus 100, 200. EXAMPLES

[0089] The examples herein are intended to illustrate to one of ordinary skill in the art certain embodiments of the dispensing apparatus 100, 200 or substrate 250 and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the disclosure as defined in the claims. The dispensing apparatus 100, 200 or substrate 250 may be configured as follows, non-limiting examples:

[0090] In relation to the examples herein, the emanation rate and the amount of active agent, e.g., transfluthrin, remaining in the substrate of the examples herein were measured by analyzing the weight loss of a particular substrate over time. More specifically, the amount of active agent remaining in a particular substrate can be calculated by first measuring the substrate 250 before dosing the substrate 250 with an active agent (or volatile substance), and subtracting that value from the weight of the substrate 250 at any time after dosing. For example, with reference to Example 1, the initial weight of the substrate 250 was measured, the substrate 250 was dosed with an active agent (i.e., transfluthrin or metofluthrin), and the weight of the substrate 250 was measured multiple times after the initial dosing and after the active agent had dissipated into the surrounding environment. The initial weight was then subtracted from the weight of the substrate 250 after the initial dosing, and this value represented the active agent remaining in the substrate 250. Additionally, after determining the remaining active agent in the substrate 250, the amount of active agent (or volatiles) emitted to the surrounding environment can also be calculated by subtracting the amount of active agent remaining in the substrate 250 from the initial dosage of active agent. All weight measurements can be performed on an analytical balance. Additionally, the examples herein were performed in a closed environment, such as a sealed chamber with controlled airflow rates.

[0091] Example 1 As discussed herein, characteristics associated with the dispensing apparatus 100, 200 and the substrate 250 may be altered to provide optimal emanations of volatile materials from the dispensing apparatus 100, 200. Additionally, according to one aspect of the present disclosure, characteristics of the dispensing apparatus 100, 200 and the substrate 250 may be altered to provide optimal and consistent emanations of volatile materials or activators.

[0092] To demonstrate a consistent rate of volatile material emanating from the substrate of the present disclosure, a 30 cm 2 A substrate 250 having a surface area of ​​about 100 μm was dosed with about 75 mg of two different volatile materials and the emission rates were measured over a period of 40 days. The collected data is depicted in FIG.

[0093] In this example, the substrate 250 includes three layers, such as a first layer 252, a second layer 254, and a third layer 256. Further, in this embodiment, the first layer 252 is a woven material having a honeycomb weave pattern, a pore size of 3 mm, and a thickness of 0.3 mm, the second layer 254 is a fibrous material composed of polyester yarns, and the substrate 250 has a weight of approximately 340 g / m 2 and the third layer 256 is a woven material having a honeycomb weave pattern, a pore size of 3 mm, and a thickness of 0.3 mm.

[0094] As shown in FIG. 13, when the substrate 250 was dosed with about 75 mg of transfluthrin or 75 mg of metofluthrin, a linear release rate was observed. When the substrate 250 was dosed with transfluthrin, the substrate 250 consistently emitted volatiles at a constant linear rate of about 1.5 mg / day for a period of one month, specifically for about 36 days. When the substrate 150 was dosed with metofluthrin, the substrate 250 consistently emitted volatiles at a constant linear rate of about 1.9 mg / day for a period of about 20 days. As a result, embodiments of the substrate 250 can be effectively employed to provide a constant linear release rate of volatiles that lasts for an extended period of time. Furthermore, the degree of volatile material and the properties of the substrate 250 (e.g., surface area, porosity, thickness, density, etc.) can be varied depending on the dosage. For example, a higher dosage (e.g., a dosage of between about 150 mg and about 800 mg) may be applied to the substrate 250 to alter the properties of the substrate 250 to provide a linear release rate of the volatile material over a longer period of time, such as 3 to 6 months, or 12 months.

[0095] As previously described herein, the materials used for the substrate 250 and its layers can be selected to optimize the properties of the substrate 250, including the saturation level or emanations rate of the substrate 250. Optimal materials for the substrate 250 and the first and third layers 252, 256 are shown in Table 1 below, excluding the "SCJ 1.0" sample, which is a substrate similar to the substrate described in U.S. Patent Application No. 15 / 164,580, provided by Gehring-Tricot Warp Knit Fabrics, St. Johnsonville, NY and Dolgeville, NY, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. More specifically, optimal materials for the substrate 250 can be selected based on the desired emanations rate, initial dosage of volatile material, and the desired duration of emanations. For example, if an emission rate of 0.15 mg / hr is desired over a 40 day period, SHR714 F may be selected for the first layer 252 and / or the third layer 256 of the substrate 250, and approximately 147 mg of volatile material may be dosed to the substrate 250.

[0096] Additionally, FIG. 14 shows the wicking rate of each of the materials listed in Table 1 as a function of time after approximately 1.2 grams of volatile material was applied to the material.

[0097] [Table 1]

[0098] Example 2 To demonstrate a consistent rate of volatile material emanating from a substrate of the present disclosure used in conjunction with the dispensing apparatus 200, the substrate 250 was inserted into the dispensing apparatus 200 and the emanating rate of the substrate 250 was measured over a period of more than one month. In this example, the substrate 250 includes three layers, such as a first layer 252, a second layer 254, and a third layer 256. Further, in this embodiment, the first layer 252 is a woven material having a honeycomb weave pattern and has a pore size of 3 mm and a thickness of 0.3 mm, the second layer 254 is a fibrous material composed of polyester, and the substrate 250 has a weight of approximately 340 g / m 2 and the third layer 256 is a woven material having a honeycomb weave pattern, a pore size of 3 mm, and a thickness of 0.3 mm. The substrate 250 was dosed with approximately 2400 mg of transfluthrin, and the concentration of transfluthrin in the substrate 250 at different locations in a sealed chamber was measured over a period of 75 days. During this test, the substrate 250 was exposed to an airflow of approximately 4.8 meters / min. The collected data is shown in Figures 15A, 15B, and 15C.

[0099] As shown in Figures 15A-15C, a dispensing device 200 having a substrate 250 consistently emanated volatile substances over a period of 75 days, emanating an active agent (i.e., transfluthrin) at a constant rate between about 4 mg / day and 6 mg / day. Figure 15A illustrates the concentration of active agent in the substrate 250 of the dispensing device 200, where the dispensing device 200 was in a first location within a sealed chamber. At this location, the dispensing device 200 (or substrate 250) consistently emanated about 4 mg / day for a period of more than 70 days. Figure 15B illustrates the concentration of active agent in the substrate 250 of the dispensing device 200, where the dispensing device 200 was in a second location within a sealed chamber. At this location, the dispensing device 200 (or substrate 250) consistently emanated about 6 mg / day for a period of more than 70 days. Finally, Figure 15C depicts the concentration of active agent within the substrate 250 of the dispensing device 200, where the dispensing device 200 was in a third location within a sealed chamber. In this position, the dispensing device 200 (or substrate 250) consistently emitted approximately 4 mg / day for a period of more than 70 days.

[0100] As shown in Figures 15A-C, the substrate 250 of the present disclosure has the ability to release a volatile substance or active agent, such as transfluthrin, over an extended period of time. In this particular example, the substrate 250 was designed to emit a volatile substance having transfluthrin as the active agent to repel insects (e.g., mosquitoes) over an extended period of time without the need to replace or re-administer the substrate 250. Looking at Figures 15A-15C, the substrate 250 used in this particular example was capable of being saturated with approximately 2400 mg of transfluthrin and releasing transfluthrin at an emission rate ranging from approximately 4 mg / day to approximately 6 mg / day. Additionally, high correlation values ​​(i.e., R 2As shown by the fitted linear regression lines with σ values, the release rate was constant over 75 days. Using these linear regression lines, it can be determined that the substrate 250 disclosed herein provides a constant release of an active agent, such as transfluthrin, over an extended period of time, such as greater than about 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, etc. More specifically, using the linear regression lines, it can be seen that the substrate 250 of the present embodiment has the ability to release the active agent, transfluthrin, at a constant linear rate over a period of time greater than 1 year.

[0101] Example 3 Several properties and dimensions of the substrate 250 were varied to demonstrate the effect of the properties on the rate of release or emanation of volatile materials from the substrate 250 .

[0102] First, the thickness of substrate 250 was varied by changing the thickness of its layers (e.g., second layer 252) and the percentage of volatile material (i.e., transfluthrin) remaining in substrate 250 after 72 hours was measured. The collected data is depicted in FIG.

[0103] The pore size of the first layer 252 of the substrate 250 was then varied and the percentage of volatiles remaining in the substrate 250 after 72 hours was measured. The data collected is plotted in FIG.

[0104] Third, the pore size of the third layer 256 of the substrate 250 was varied and the percentage of volatiles remaining in the substrate 250 after 72 hours was measured. The data collected is depicted in FIG.

[0105] As shown in FIGS. 16-18, the release rate of the volatile substance from the substrate 250 exhibited a positive linear correlation with the thickness of the substrate 250, the pore size of the first layer 252, and the pore size of the third layer 256.

[0106] Statistical analysis was also performed, and the results are shown in Tables 2 and 3. As shown in Tables 2 and 3, a high correlation value of about 0.9 was determined between the thickness and pore size of the first layer 252 and the second layer 254 and the release rate of the volatile material from the substrate 250. Furthermore, the F ratio was minimal.

[0107] [Table 2]

[0108] [Table 3]

[0109] Example 4 As previously described herein, the characteristics associated with the dispensing apparatus 100, 200 and the substrate 250 may be altered to provide optimal emanations of volatile material from the dispensing apparatus 100, 200. In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure, the surface area / density of the substrate 250 was varied to demonstrate the effect that the surface area / density has on the rate of emanations or release of volatile material from the substrate 250. More specifically, the surface density of the substrate 250 was varied from approximately 10 m to approximately 10 m by varying the layers of the substrate 250. 2 / Bulk m 2 and about 100m 2 / Bulk m 2 and the rate of release or emanating from the substrate was measured. The collected data is depicted in FIG. 19. Additionally, as shown in FIG. 19, a positive linear relationship was observed between the surface density of the substrate 250 and the rate of release of volatile materials therefrom. The relationship between release rate and density (g / m 2 or GSM) × surface area BET (i.e., real m 2 / Bulk m 2 ) provides directional guidance as to how to select a commercially available mesh for substrate 250 to provide the desired release or exhalation rate for the particular application in which substrate 250 is to be used.

[0110] Still referring to FIG. 19, g / m 2*BET represents the amount of surface area available for a given unit volume, i.e., a low value corresponds to a small surface area for a given volume of substrate 250, and a high value corresponds to a large surface area for a given volume of substrate 250. Additionally, BET refers to the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller theory, which describes the specific surface area of ​​a material such as substrate 250, or more specifically, the surface area of ​​fibers per mass of sample (m 2 19 is an analytical technique for measuring the amount of surface area available and the release (or emanation) rate of the active agent or volatile material within the substrate 250. In essence, g / m 2 *As BET increases, the rate of divergence also increases.

[0111] Example 5 As discussed further herein, the percentage of exposed substrate 250 can alter the emanations of volatile materials from dispensing apparatus 100, 200. Thus, in accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure, the percentage of exposed surface area of ​​substrate 250 was varied to demonstrate the effect of the percentage of exposure on the emanations or emission rate of volatile materials from substrate 250. More specifically, the percentage of exposed substrate 250 was varied between about 10% and about 100% and the emission rate from the substrate was measured. The collected data is depicted in FIG. 20. Additionally, as shown in FIG. 20, a positive linear relationship was observed between the percentage of exposed surface area of ​​substrate 250 and the emission rate of volatile materials therefrom.

[0112] Method for manufacturing the substrate All of the knowledge herein can be utilized to optimize substrate 250 and manufacture substrate 250 for consistent passive evaporative emission of volatile materials over a specified period of time. Additionally, substrate 250, and its layers, can be modified or tailored to provide substrate 250 for a specific application.

[0113] A design methodology has been developed to determine the materials and properties required to achieve a desired exhalation rate and product life for substrate 250. Figure 21 is a schematic diagram illustrating the design methodology for constructing substrate 250.

[0114] First, as supported by the non-limiting examples herein, it is understood that the emission of a volatile material or active agent from substrate 250 can be modeled using a linear regression line, and the concentration of the volatile material within substrate 250 at any given time can be determined using Equation 6.

[0115]

number

[0116] Here, C(t) is the concentration of the volatile material or active agent in substrate 250, X is the initial concentration or dosage of the volatile material or active agent, and ER is the desired emission or release rate of the volatile material or active agent, then the concentration of the volatile material or active agent will be either C(t), X, or ER.

[0117] Step 1 of the design method involves selecting a minimum desired product life of the substrate 250, or a minimum desired product life of the dispensing device 100, 200 that will include the substrate 250. For example, as previously described herein, a dispenser may be desired that has a product life of one week, or alternatively, a dispenser that has a product life of three months.

[0118] Step 2 of the design method involves selecting a minimum desired emanating rate (ER) for the substrate 250 or dispensing apparatus 100, 200. For example, in some embodiments herein, an emanating rate of between about 1.4 mg / day and 1.6 mg / day is desired, and in other embodiments, an emanating rate of between about 4 mg / day and 6 mg / day is desired.

[0119] Step 3 in designing the substrate 250 or dispensing apparatus 100, 200 involves calculating the minimum initial concentration of the volatile material or active agent. The minimum initial concentration of the volatile material or active agent may be calculated using Equation 6, plugging in the minimum desired product life from step 1 for t and the minimum desired emission rate from step 2 for ER. For example, if a minimum desired product life of 3 months (i.e., 90 days) and a minimum desired emission rate of 3.6 mg / day are selected in steps 1 and 2, respectively, then the minimum initial concentration of the volatile material or active agent would be 324 mg of active agent (e.g., transfluthrin).

[0120] Step 4 in designing the substrate 250, or dispensing apparatus 100, 200, involves selecting the first layer 252 and / or third layer 256 for the substrate 250 that provides the minimum desired wicking rate (ER) determined in step 2. Figures 17 and 18 provide a linear correlation between pore size and the wicking or release rate of the active agent (i.e., transfluthrin). Additionally, Table 1 herein provides the average wicking or release rates of multiple fabrics manufactured by Gehring-Tricoat Warp Knit Fabrics, located in St. Johnsonville, NY and Dolgeville, NY that can be used for the first layer 252 or third layer 256. With this knowledge, a fabric from Table 1 can be selected for the first layer 252 and / or third layer 256 to provide the desired wicking rate. For example, if an average wicking rate of 0.15 mg / hr (or 3.6 mg / day) is desired, fabric SHR 714 F from Gehring-Tricot Corporation may be selected for the first layer 252 or the third layer 256, and fabric SHR 884 may be selected for the first layer 252 and the third layer 256. Alternatively, if a fabric other than those disclosed in Table 1 is desired, Table 1 may provide a basis for comparison and Figures 17 and 18 may provide the necessary correlation information between fabric properties (e.g., pore size) and their effect on wicking rate. Thus, the wicking rates of other fabrics contemplated for the first layer 252 and / or the third layer 256 may be approximately estimated using these values ​​and calculations.

[0121] Step 5 in designing the substrate 250, or dispensing apparatus 100, 200, involves selecting a second layer 254 for the substrate 250 that provides a desired saturation capacity for the initial concentration of volatile material or active agent determined in step 3. For example, if a minimum initial concentration of volatile material or active agent is determined to be 324 mg of active agent, e.g., 324 mg of transfluthrin, then the material, thickness, and density of the second layer 254 may be altered such that the second layer 254 is capable of holding 324 mg of active agent therein.

[0122] After steps 1-5, the substrate 250 may be constructed by combining the first layer 252 and / or the third layer 256 selected in step 4 with the second layer 254 selected in step 5. The first layer 252, the second layer 254, and the third layer 256 may be combined using methods known in the art, including adhesives, glues, and the like. In other embodiments, the fibers of the second layer 254 may be interwoven with the fibers of the first layer 252 and / or the fibers of the second layer 256. In these particular embodiments, the fibers of the first layer 252, the fibers of the second layer 254, and the fibers of the third layer 256 are knotted together during the weaving process. More specifically, in these embodiments, the layers 252, 254, 256 may be knotted during the weaving process such that the substrate 250 (and its layers) are fully constructed using a loom. In certain embodiments, the substrate 250 may be constructed using a Raschel knitting machine and may be warp knit, such as a twin-needle bed Raschel type spacer knit.

[0123] This design method may include additional steps not specifically illustrated in FIG. 21. In some embodiments, the design method may also include determining an optimal wicking rate for the substrate 250. For example, a substrate 250 having a high wicking rate may be desired, and in these embodiments, step 4 of the design method, which involves selecting the first and / or third layers 252, 254, may include selecting the first and / or third layers 252, 254 having the desired wicking rate. To aid in this step, Table 1 described herein provides average wicking rates for several fabrics manufactured by Gehring-Tricoat Warp Knit Fabrics, located in St. Johnsonville, NY and Dolgeville, NY, and FIG. 14 illustrates these wicking rates over a period of time.

[0124] In other embodiments, the design method may also include constructing a dispenser or dispensing apparatus for use with a substrate 250, such as dispensing apparatus 100 or dispensing apparatus 200. As previously discussed herein, the rate of emanations of a volatile material or activator from a substrate 250 is positively linearly correlated to the percentage of the substrate 250's surface area that is exposed to the ambient environment. More specifically, FIG. 20 illustrates a positive linear correlation between the rate of emanations of a volatile material from a substrate having an activator and the percentage of the substrate's surface area that is exposed to the ambient environment. Additionally, the dispensing apparatus 100, 200 disclosed herein includes one or more openings 120, 208, 210 that expose a portion of the substrate 250's surface area enclosed therein, and the number of openings 120, 208, 210 and / or the size of the openings 120, 208, 210 may be altered to increase or decrease the percentage of the substrate 250's surface area that is exposed to the ambient environment. Thus, in these embodiments, an additional step in the design method may include determining the percentage of the surface area of ​​the substrate 250 required to provide the desired emanations rate from step 2 using the minimum emanations rate of the substrate 250 determined in step 2 and the selection of the first substrate 252 and the third substrate 256 in step 4. After determining the percentage of the substrate 250 surface area that needs to be exposed to provide the desired emanations rate, the openings 120, 208, 210 of the dispensing apparatus 100, 200 may be adjusted to provide the desired emanations rate. It should be understood that this step may also affect step 4, as the designer may select the particular first layer 252 and / or third layer 256 after determining the percentage of the substrate 250 surface area that is exposed to the ambient environment during use of the substrate 250.

[0125] Additional Dispenser 22-30 illustrate additional dispensing devices that may be used in combination with the substrate 250 disclosed herein.

[0126] Fig. 22 shows a bracelet 400 that may be used in combination with the substrate 250 of Fig. 9. In this embodiment, the bracelet 400 includes an outer frame 402 having an internal groove 404 and a concave surface 406. A user may place the substrate 250 onto the concave surface 406 and within the groove 404. Additionally, the bracelet 400 may include a strap 408, such as a Velcro strap.

[0127] Figures 23 and 24 show a dispenser 500 that may be used in combination with the substrate of Figure 9. In this embodiment, the dispenser 500 includes an outer frame 502 and a recessed surface 504 within which the substrate 250 may be placed. Additionally, the dispenser 500 may include a clip 506, which may be used to secure the dispenser to a user.

[0128] 25 illustrates another bracelet 600 that may be used in combination with substrate 250. In this embodiment, bracelet 600 includes a housing 602 that includes a plurality of openings 604 on a front surface 606 thereof, and a bracelet band 608, where housing 602 may be opened and closed and substrate 250 may be inserted into and removed from housing 602. When placed within the housing, substrate 250 may exude a volatile substance or active agent from substrate 250 through openings 604.

[0129] 26 and 27 illustrate two hangers 700, 800. In these embodiments, the hangers 700, 800 may include a first component 702, 802 having a front surface 704, 804 that may be releasably coupled to a second component 706, 806 having a reservoir or recessed interior 708, 808. Additionally, the front surface 704, 804 and the rear surface 710, 810 may include a plurality of openings 712, 812. During use, a user may insert the substrate 250 into the recessed interior 708, 808 of the second component 706, 806 and couple the first component 702, 802 to the second component 706, 806, thereby enclosing the substrate 250 within the hanger 700, 800. After the substrate 250 is placed within the hanger 700 , 800 , a volatile material or active agent may emanate from the substrate 250 through the openings 712 , 812 in the hanger 700 , 800 .

[0130] Figure 28 depicts another dispenser 900 that can be used in combination with the substrate 250 discussed herein. In this embodiment, the dispenser 900 includes a front face 902 coupled to a back face 904 along a hinge 906, which allows the dispenser 900 to transition between an open state and a closed state (not shown), as shown in Figure 28. The front face 902 includes a receptacle 908 and the back face 904 includes a receptacle 910. Each receptacle 908, 910 can accommodate a substrate 250 therein, and when in the open state, the dispenser 900 allows for the emanation of a volatile material or active agent from the substrate 250.

[0131] 29 depicts another dispenser 1000 that can be used in combination with the substrate 250. In this embodiment, similar to the dispenser 900, the dispenser 1000 includes a front 1002 and a back (not shown) joined using a hinge 1004. Additionally, the front 1002 may include a number of openings 1006 through which air may enter the dispenser and passively emanate the volatile material or active agent from the substrate 250. In some embodiments, the dispenser 1000 may be provided as a kit, which may include a pouch 1008 that encloses a quantity of the volatile material or active agent 1010 therein. In this embodiment, the front 1002 includes an element (not shown) on its inner surface that can pierce the pouch 1008 when the dispenser 1000 is closed. Thus, during use, a user can insert a pouch 1008 into the dispenser 1000 and close the dispenser 1000, thereby puncturing the pouch 1008 and thereby releasing the volatile material or activator 1010 therein. After the pouch 1008 is punctured, the substrate 250 within the dispenser 1000 can soak up the volatile material or activator 1010 and then emit the volatile material or activator 1010 therefrom for a period of time.

[0132] FIG. 30 illustrates a reservoir 1100 that can be used to dispense the substrate 250, or alternatively one or more of the dispensers disclosed herein. For example, a bracelet 600 may be dispensed with a quantity of a volatile material or active agent using the reservoir 1100 by positioning an opening 1102 on the back 1104 of the housing 602 of the bracelet 600 over a nozzle 1106. A user may then position the nozzle 1106 within the opening 1102 and apply a downward force. The downward force causes the nozzle 1106 to release a quantity of the volatile material from the reservoir 1100, through the nozzle 1106, and into the housing 602 that contains the substrate 250 therein. As a result, the reservoir 1100 can be used to re-dose the substrate 250.

[0133] Such variations and modifications are within the scope of the present disclosure. It is understood that the embodiments disclosed and defined herein cover all alternative combinations of two or more of the individual features mentioned or apparent from the text and / or drawings. All of these different combinations constitute various alternative aspects of the present disclosure. The claims are to be construed to include alternative embodiments to the extent permitted by the prior art.

[0134] As previously mentioned, while the present invention has been described above with reference to specific embodiments and examples, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention is not necessarily so limited, and that numerous other embodiments, examples, uses, modifications, and departures from the embodiments, examples, and uses are intended to be encompassed by the claims appended hereto. The entire disclosures of each patent and publication cited herein are incorporated by reference as if each such patent or publication was individually incorporated by reference herein.

[0135] Any of the embodiments described herein can be modified to include any of the structures or methodologies disclosed in connection with the different embodiments. [Industrial Applicability]

[0136] The dispenser, dispensing device, or substrate aspects described herein advantageously combine the features of the dispensing device or protective housing with the multi-layer substrate or mesh material to effectively dissipate a volatile material or activator at the desired time of use and for the desired period of time. Furthermore, the dispenser or dispensing device aspects provide an easy to use and inexpensive mechanism and a structurally stable and safe device. Thus, the disclosed dispenser or dispensing device can be used across a wide range of applications.

[0137] Numerous modifications to the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art in view of the foregoing description. Accordingly, this description is to be construed as illustrative only and is presented for the purpose of enabling any person skilled in the art to make and use the invention. We reserve the exclusive rights to all modifications that come within the scope of the appended claims.

[0138] This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119 to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 944,748, filed December 6, 2019, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes.

[0139] There is no reference to federally sponsored research or development.

[0140] There are no applicable items regarding the sequence listing.

Claims

1. 1. A system for the steady release of a volatile material, comprising: a dispenser having at least one opening; a laminate substrate adapted to fit within the dispenser, a first fabric layer having a first pore size; a second nonwoven fibrous layer; and a third fabric layer having a second pore size; and a volatile material having an active agent stored in at least one of the first textile layer, the second nonwoven fibrous layer, and a third textile layer; the second nonwoven fibrous layer extends between the first woven layer and the third woven layer; The system is configured to provide a steady weight loss of the volatile substance between 1 mg / day and 10 mg / day over a period of at least 30 days. system.

2. The active agent is selected from the group consisting of metafluthrin, transfluthrin, tefluthrin, and vaporthrin; The system of claim 1 .

3. the first pore size of the first fabric layer is between about 1 millimeter and about 10 millimeters; The system of claim 1 .

4. The activator is present in an amount between 5% and 95% by weight of the volatile material. The system of claim 1 .

5. the initial weight of the volatile material is between about 1 gram and about 5 grams; The system of claim 1 .

6. the at least one opening in the dispenser exposes a portion of the first fabric layer; The system of claim 1 .

7. the at least one opening of the dispenser exposes between about 50% and about 99% of a surface area of ​​the first fabric layer; The system of claim 6.

8. The system is configured to provide a steady weight loss of the volatile material over a period of at least 60 days. The system of claim 1 .

9. 10. The system of claim 8, wherein the system is configured to provide a steady weight loss of the volatile material over a period of at least 70 days.

10. the first pore size is different from the second pore size; The system of claim 1 .

11. The dispenser includes a front and a back; the front surface includes at least one opening; The system of claim 1 .

12. the first woven layer, the second nonwoven fiber layer, and the third woven layer are constructed from the same material; The system of claim 1 .

13. the first fabric layer and the third fabric layer are constructed from a first material; the second nonwoven fibrous layer is composed of a second material different from the first material; The system of claim 1 .

14. 1. A system for the steady release of a volatile material, comprising: a frame having at least one opening; A laminated substrate disposed within the frame, a first fabric layer having a plurality of pores; a second nonwoven fibrous layer; and a third fabric layer having a plurality of pores; the second nonwoven fibrous layer extending between the first and third woven layers; and a volatile material having an active agent stored in at least one of the first textile layer, the second nonwoven fibrous layer, and a third textile layer; The system is configured to provide a steady weight loss of the volatile substance between 1 mg / day and 10 mg / day over a period of at least 30 days. system.

15. the steady weight loss of said volatile substances is between about 4 mg / day and about 6 mg / day; The system of claim 14.

16. The volatile material active agent is selected from the group consisting of metafluthrin, transfluthrin, tefluthrin, and vaporthrin; The system of claim 14.

17. the initial weight of the volatile material is between about 2 grams and about 3 grams; 17. The system of claim 16.

18. The system is configured to provide a steady weight loss of the volatile material over a period of at least 70 days or more.

20. The system of claim 17.

19. the frame includes a first opening exposing a portion of the first fabric layer and a second opening exposing a portion of the third fabric layer.

20. The system of claim 18.

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