Apparatus for mooring a structure and / or tensioning a mooring line, a mooring system for tensioning a mooring line, and a method for tensioning a mooring line - Patents.com

Abstract

Providing mooring and / or tensioning devices. [Solution] An apparatus (300) for mooring a structure and / or tensioning a mooring line comprises a body (325) and a guide portion (305) for guiding at least a portion of a first mooring line (310) along a mooring line path (320), the body having an open channel (365) for guiding and / or securing the first mooring line.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to an apparatus or device for mooring a structure / vessel and / or tensioning a mooring line or chain, e.g. a mooring line tensioner. The present invention also relates to a method for mooring a structure / vessel and / or tensioning a mooring line, as well as a system for mooring a structure / vessel and / or tensioning a mooring line. The mooring line may be a mooring line for mooring a vessel or structure, such as a marine, offshore, floating or semi-submersible vessel or structure, to, for example, the seabed or bottom of a body of water.

[0002] The present invention is particularly but not limited to midline, in-line, or midwater tensioners, e.g., tensioners located between the ends of the mooring line, e.g., at a location along the length of the mooring line. [Background technology]

[0003] An offshore structure, such as a floating structure or platform, may be moored by mooring lines, such as mooring chains, which may include attaching at least one mooring line to the structure to be moored and connecting each mooring line directly or indirectly to another structure, such as an anchor or pile located on the seabed.

[0004] A tension can be applied to each of the mooring lines. The required tension can be applied to each of the mooring lines, for example by using a tensioning device. The tensioning device may be adapted for use with a winch or the like. The application of tension can serve to moor the floating structure or platform in a desired location.

[0005] When the appropriate tension is applied to the mooring lines, the locking mechanism can be locked or engaged to maintain tension in the mooring lines. Similarly, when tension should be removed from the mooring lines, for example when movement of the floating structure or platform is desired, the locking mechanism may be unlocked or disengaged.

[0006] The tensioning device may be located on or coupled to the floating structure of the platform. In such a configuration, the mooring chains and / or tensioning device may be prone to wear and / or breakage due to out-of-plane stresses caused by movement of the floating structure or platform relative to the mooring chains.

[0007] The tensioning device may be located on or connected to the mooring chain and may direct the free end of the mooring chain to the surface, allowing adjustment of the tension in the mooring line(s), for example by a winch located on the vessel.

[0008] While under tension, the mooring lines may be subjected to bending strain as they are pulled and / or bent around the tensioning device. This may increase wear and / or damage to the mooring chain and / or device. To minimize strain on the mooring lines, the tensioning device may be increased in size to accommodate a larger angle for guiding the mooring lines towards the surface. However, this may lead to increased cost and weight of the tensioning device. Furthermore, an increased weight of the tensioning device increases the load on the mooring chain, which then requires more tension to maintain the desired tilt angle of the mooring chain.

[0009] Articulated and non-articulated tensioners are known.

[0010] Articulating tensioners have an articulating frame that moves to match the angle of the chain legs, allowing the tensioner frame to adjust to any angular configuration, however the frame is complex and can be heavier than a simple non-articulating tensioner.

[0011] Non-articulating tensioners are simpler and potentially lighter. However, a drawback arises because non-articulating tensioners have a "sweet spot" for tensioning because the relationship between the wheel pivot point, rear pay, and lock is fixed. If the tensioner is not at the designed angle, the chain can rub either the top or bottom of the front guide. Chain rub can occur on the front of the guide-lock portion of the frame. This rub can make the tensioning operation jerky, which is undesirable.

[0012] Another problem faced by all centreline tensioners is that they effectively concentrate weight in the mooring line. Tensioners with a lock that pivots from the same side of the mooring line as the wheel require the lock to be located far enough away from the wheel that it will not break. The required structure adds mass.

[0013] Even if one imagines a double stop lock that articulates from the side, there is still the distance required to ensure that the door will not be broken.

[0014] By flipping the stopper to the other side of the chain, the inventors have found that the stopper can be pivoted as close as possible to the wheel and can even stop a chain link located on the wheel (provided the wheel and stopper are designed to mesh / interact inside the projected diameter of the wheel). The stopper can be very close to the wheel.

[0015] It may be an object of at least one embodiment of at least one aspect of the present invention to obviate or at least mitigate at least one problem in the prior art.

[0016] An object of at least one embodiment of at least one aspect of the present invention may be to provide an apparatus and / or method for mooring that is technically simpler and / or commercially more cost-effective than the prior art.

[0017] An object of at least one embodiment of at least one aspect of the present invention may be to provide a device, such as a midline tensioner, that may be an improvement over the prior art, e.g., more compact, lighter in weight, and / or less expensive to manufacture. Summary of the Invention

[0018] (First invention) According to the present invention there is provided an apparatus or device according to the accompanying claims.

[0019] According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a (mooring) apparatus or device for mooring a structure and / or tensioning mooring lines.

[0020] The apparatus or device may comprise a guiding portion or member (or sheave) for guiding a portion of the first mooring line.

[0021] The apparatus or device may be provided with a locking mechanism or means. The device or apparatus may provide a mooring line path.

[0022] The locking mechanism or means may be provided or provideable on the opposite side of the mooring line path from the guide portion, at least in an unlocked configuration. The locking device may be adapted to be provided or provideable, in use, in at least a locked configuration, for example along the mooring line path, between the guide portion and the structure to be moored.

[0023] A locking mechanism may be provided or provideable between the guide portion and the mooring line path, for example a structure to be moored along the mooring line path.

[0024] A locking mechanism may be provided or may be provided proximal or adjacent to the guide portion.

[0025] The apparatus or device may comprise a body or "frame."

[0026] The body may include configuration for connecting or coupling, for example directly connecting or coupling, the apparatus or device to a second mooring line.

[0027] The apparatus or device may be adapted for use with a mooring line comprising a mooring chain.

[0028] In use, a locked link of the mooring chain may be provided between the guide portion and the locking mechanism and / or engaged with one or both of the guide portion and the locking mechanism.

[0029] The locking mechanism may include a locking member or a pawl.

[0030] The locking member may include a pin or a yoke.The guide portion may include a wheel having a circumferential groove or teeth.

[0031] When in the locked configuration, for example a locking surface of the locking member, for example adjacent the locked link, may face the formation for connecting the device to a second mooring line.

[0032] A guide portion or point, for example a peripheral or circumferential portion or point, may be provided between the connection mechanism of the second mooring line and the locking mechanism / member when in the locked configuration.

[0033] The guide portion may be circular and / or may include a wheel.

[0034] In the locked configuration, a tangent or tangent line of a portion of the guide portion may pass through or extend from a portion (circumferential portion) of the connection arrangement of the locking mechanism or member and the second mooring line.

[0035] The tangent surface or line may contact the guide portion at a point on or adjacent the locking mechanism or member, at least when in the locked configuration.

[0036] This configuration provides, in use, a linear load path comprising the (linear) portion of the first mooring line path or the tensioned portion of the first mooring line, the tangent surface or tangent of the guide part and the (linear) portion of the second mooring line path or the second mooring line path.

[0037] Advantageously, with this arrangement no loads need to be applied around the guides or around bends in the first mooring line path.

[0038] Therefore, tension in the first mooring line can be taken up at or near the point of contact with the guide portion, rather than around the periphery of the guide portion.

[0039] A radius of the guide portion (at least when in the locked configuration) extending perpendicular to a line (or a tangent) extending between the connection mechanism of the second mooring line and the locking device / locking member may intersect said line at a position between the connection mechanism of the second mooring line and the locking device / locking member.

[0040] In other words, the load member (stop) is beneficially in front of the guide wheel along the tensioned / tensionable portion of the first mooring line.

[0041] An advantage of having the locking mechanism in front of the guide may be that the guide is not exposed to the load. Load wheels on the fairlead are known to exert additional stress on the mooring chain. In the present invention the load is transferred through the locking mechanism rather than through the mooring guide.

[0042] The locking mechanism may be provided such that a portion of the locking mechanism operates inside the projected footprint (diameter) of the movable guide section (i.e., wheels). The locking mechanism may operate / pivot / associate with the movable guide section from the opposite side of the first mooring line section or adjacent to the intended mooring line contact point with the guide section (e.g., the contact point of the incoming tension chain). This can ensure that the majority of the load is transferred to the locking mechanism and not the guide section. This also allows the chain to be in direct contact with the movable guide section on entry, allowing for smooth entry under most conditions. The movable guide section (wheels), chain and locking mechanism are designed to interlock, overlap or interact in use.

[0043] The guide portion and locking mechanism / member may function as or comprise a ratchet mechanism.

[0044] The tension side of the locking member or ratchet may extend around the periphery of the guide portion. The tension / tensioned side of the locking member may extend away from the guide portion.

[0045] In the locked configuration, the locked link and / or the first loaded link may be provided in a linear arrangement with the locking member and a tangent from the guide portion along, for example, a linear load path.

[0046] The locking mechanism may include a counterweight, which may be formed with the locking member, connected to the locking member, or releasably connectable to the locking member.

[0047] The guide portion and locking member may be configured such that, in use, the locked link engages or abuts the guide portion.

[0048] The locked link may also engage or abut a locking mechanism / member / locking surface of a locking member.

[0049] The above arrangement may enable the first (axially) loaded link to be arranged in use substantially tangentially, e.g. tangentially, relative to the guide portion.

[0050] The first mooring line path may for example comprise a first anchoring or locking or under / tensionable portion extending (in a straight line) from a tangential contact point on the guide part away from the mooring device.

[0051] The first mooring line path may, for example, comprise a second free, tensionable or tensioning portion or end that extends from a tangential contact point on the guide portion, for example at least partially around the guide portion.

[0052] When in the open or unlocked configuration, the locking member or locking surface may be on an outer angle of the first mooring line path and / or on an opposite side of the mooring line path from the guide portion.

[0053] When in the closed or locked configuration, at least a portion of the locking member or locking surface may be in or on the first mooring line path and / or may face the connection arrangement of the second mooring line.

[0054] The pivot point of the locking mechanism or member may be at an outer angle or on the opposite side of the first mooring line path from the guide portion.

[0055] An apparatus or device of the present invention can provide a locking configuration that is much closer to the guide portion than the prior art, which can result in one or more advantages, such as reduced length, reduced weight, and / or reduced cost of the apparatus or device.

[0056] The apparatus or device of the present invention may also provide an advantage over one or more prior art apparatus in that, in use, the mooring lines around the guide portion are not under tension when the structure is moored, as they are tensioned by the locking mechanism.

[0057] The mooring line path may comprise or include a curved path.

[0058] The mooring line path may include an included angle α and an excluded angle β or an exterior angle β.

[0059] The guide portion may be provided on or inside the interior angle α of the mooring path.

[0060] The locking mechanism or means may be provided on or within the exterior angle β of the mooring line path, at least in the unlocked configuration.

[0061] The present invention may provide an advantage over the prior art in that the locking mechanism or means may be provided on or off the inside corner of the mooring line path, for example, underneath or below the apparatus or device, which may be beneficial in allowing access to the locking mechanism or means.

[0062] The present invention may provide an advantage over the prior art in that, in use, the locking mechanism may grip or pull the first mooring line before the first mooring line extends around the guide portion, thus preventing the first mooring line from being under tension around the guide portion.

[0063] The apparatus or device may comprise a body or frame.

[0064] The guide portion may be movably, for example rotatably, mounted on (or relative to) the main body.

[0065] The locking mechanism or means may include, for example, a locking member having a locking surface or side. In an unlocked first configuration, the locking member may be distal to or out of alignment with the mooring line path. In a locked second configuration, at least a portion of the locking member may be in alignment with the mooring line path. For example, in said second configuration, an end of the locking member may engage a link of a mooring line, e.g., a mooring chain.

[0066] The locking member may be connected to or provided on the body, for example pivotally mounted to the body. The pivot point of the locking member may be on the opposite side of the mooring line path to the guide portion.

[0067] An end of the locking member may be closer to the moored structure when in the second locked configuration than when in the first unlocked configuration.

[0068] The body may include configuration for connecting or coupling, for example directly connecting or coupling, an apparatus or device to a second mooring line.

[0069] The connection mechanism may be provided on the body.

[0070] The apparatus or device may comprise or be referred to as a "midline tensioner."

[0071] The guide portion may comprise a circular member or wheel. The guide portion may comprise a plurality of circumferentially arranged teeth and / or a circumferential groove or recess. The plurality of circumferentially arranged teeth and / or the circumferential groove or recess may cooperate in use with an end of a locking member, for example to lock the mooring line relative to the apparatus or device when in the locked second position.

[0072] For convenience, the locking mechanism can be called a "chain stopper."

[0073] The guide portion may include first and second sides, which may be circular and may include respective first and second teeth, and the pairs of first and second teeth may be circumferentially aligned, e.g., opposite each other.

[0074] At least a portion of the mooring line path may be provided between the first side and the second side of the guide portion.

[0075] The body may include a guide mechanism for guiding a portion of the mooring line, for example, into and out of the apparatus or device. In one embodiment, the guide mechanism may include a pair of opposing guide members. In an alternative embodiment, the guide mechanism may include an open channel for guiding and / or securing the first mooring line.

[0076] The locking mechanism may or can be provided between the guide portion and the guide mechanism.

[0077] In use, when tension is applied to the end of the mooring line distal to the structure to be moored, or to an apparatus or device opposite the structure, the locking member tends to move toward or be disposed in the unlocked first configuration.

[0078] In use, when tension is removed from the end of the mooring line distal to the structure or opposite side of the apparatus or device, the locking member tends towards or towards the unlocked second configuration.

[0079] By this device the (first) mooring line is tensioned.

[0080] The locking mechanism may, for example, comprise a mooring line lock capable of locking or retaining the first mooring line.

[0081] In use, at least a portion of the first mooring line may be positioned, locked and / or secured by a locking mechanism. At least a portion of the first mooring line may include a locked link. A link adjacent to the locked link in a direction away from the guide portion may include a first load link.

[0082] The lock may be configured to secure and / or lock the first mooring line between the locking mechanism and a part of the guide part, for example an outer periphery / circumferential part.

[0083] The guide may be connected to the body, for example rotatably on or about an axis.

[0084] The locking mechanism may be hinged or pivotally connected to the body.

[0085] Advantageously, at least a portion of at least one or both of the mooring lines may be a chain, or alternatively a wire, rope, etc. At least a portion of the first mooring line may be a first chain. At least a portion of the second mooring line may be a second chain.

[0086] The guide portion may be a sheave or wheel and / or may be substantially circular, such as a mooring line wheel or chain wheel that is rotatable relative to the body, such as about a central axis of the guide portion. The guide portion may be a sprag wheel. The guide portion may be a sheave. The guide portion may be a toothed wheel, such as a gear.

[0087] According to a second aspect of the present invention there is provided an apparatus or device for mooring a structure, the apparatus or device comprising: The main body, A guide portion for guiding a portion of the first mooring rope; a locking mechanism or means; An apparatus or device, wherein the guide portion is provided on and / or within a first side or end of the main body, and the locking mechanism or means is provided on and / or within a second side or end of the main body, the second side or end being at least partially opposed to the first side or end.

[0088] The apparatus or device may provide a mooring line path. The locking mechanism or means may be provided on the opposite side of the mooring line path from the guide part (at least in the unlocked configuration). The locking mechanism or means may be provided (adapted to be provided) between the guide part and the structure to be moored, in use (at least in the locked configuration).

[0089] According to a third aspect of the present invention there is provided an apparatus or device for mooring a structure comprising: A guide portion for guiding a portion of the first mooring rope; a locking mechanism or means; An apparatus or device is provided which provides a mooring line path having an included angle, and wherein the locking mechanism, in use, is provided on the opposite side of the mooring line path from the included angle and between the guide portion and the structure to be moored.

[0090] The guide portion may be provided on the side of the included angle or within that range.

[0091] According to a fourth aspect of the present invention there is provided an apparatus or device for mooring a structure and / or tensioning a mooring line comprising: A body or frame; a guide portion rotatably attached to the main body for guiding a portion of the first mooring line; a locking mechanism including a locking member movable between an unlocked position and a locked position (and between the locked and unlocked positions); the body having a configuration for connecting the apparatus to a second mooring line; The apparatus provides a first mooring line path; When the locking member is in an unlocked position, the locking member is provided on the opposite side of the first mooring rope path from the guide portion, The locking member, when in a locked position, is at least partially located in or on the first mooring line path, and in use: A locked link of the mooring chain may be provided between and / or engages with one or both of the guide portion and the locking mechanism; A locking surface of the locking member faces the formation for connecting the device to the second mooring line when in the locked position.

[0092] According to a fifth aspect of the present invention there is provided an apparatus or device for mooring a structure and / or tensioning a mooring line comprising: A body or frame; a guide portion rotatably attached to the main body for guiding a portion of the first mooring line; a locking mechanism including a locking member movable between an unlocked position and a locked position (and between the locked and unlocked positions); the body having a configuration for connecting the apparatus to a second mooring line; The apparatus provides a first mooring line path; When the locking member is in an unlocked position, the locking member is provided on the opposite side of the first mooring rope path from the guide portion, the locking member is at least partially disposed within or on the first mooring line path when in a locked position; In the locked position, a tangent to a portion of the guide portion or a tangent extending from a portion of the guide portion passes through the locking member and the second mooring line connection arrangement.

[0093] According to a sixth aspect of the present invention there is provided a (first) system for tensioning mooring lines, comprising at least one mooring and / or tensioning device according to any of the first to fifth aspects of the present invention.

[0094] The system may include a first mooring line or chain. The system may include a second mooring line or chain.

[0095] The system may include at least one structure, such as a floating structure, an offshore structure, a floating platform, or the like.

[0096] A portion of the first mooring line may be threaded or threadable through the apparatus or device.

[0097] A first portion or end of the first mooring line may be configured to be connected or connectable to a structure or device.

[0098] The system may include a buoy. The system may include a floating vessel. The system may include a winch and / or a pulley. The winch and / or pulley may be located on or within the floating vessel. The buoy may be a submersible buoy, a semi-submersible buoy, a submersible turret production buoy, a submersible turret loading buoy, or the like.

[0099] The second portion or end of the first mooring line may be configured to be connected to a buoy and / or a floating vessel and / or a winch and / or a pulley. The winch and / or pulley may be adapted to set, adjust or increase tension in the first mooring line.

[0100] A first portion or end of the second mooring line may be connected to at least a portion of the apparatus. In addition, the first portion or end of the second mooring line may be connected to the body. The first portion of the second mooring line may be releasably connected to the body.

[0101] The system may include an anchor. The anchor may include a fixed point. The anchor may be a pile, such as a suction pile. The anchor may be a seabed formation. The anchor may be adapted for use on the seabed.

[0102] The second portion of the second mooring line may be connected to an anchor or an anchor point.

[0103] According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided a (first) method for tensioning a mooring rope, comprising: providing a system for tensioning a (first) mooring line according to the sixth aspect of the present invention, The method (further) comprises applying a tension force to a first portion of a first mooring line in a direction away from the apparatus or device.

[0104] The pulling force may be capable of causing the apparatus or device to pull at least one other portion of the first mooring line towards a second mooring line.

[0105] The pulling force may be capable of causing the device to pull at least one other portion of the first mooring line towards the device.

[0106] The locking mechanism may be capable of being placed in the locked position when an appropriate or desired tension is applied to the mooring lines.

[0107] When an appropriate or desired tension is applied to the mooring line, the first portion or end of the first mooring line may be capable of being attached to a buoy or the like.

[0108] When an appropriate tension is applied to the mooring line, at least a portion of the first portion of the first mooring line may be cut off and / or removed and / or secured to the apparatus or device and / or secured to the first mooring line and / or the second mooring line.

[0109] According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for releasing tension in a mooring line, comprising the steps of: Providing a system for tensioning mooring lines according to a sixth aspect of the present invention, the method comprising the steps of: applying a tension force to a first portion of a first mooring line in a direction away from the apparatus or device; Releasing a lock from a locked position and / or holding said locking mechanism in an unlocked position; reducing and / or eliminating said tension force.

[0110] The step of retaining the locking mechanism in the unlocked configuration may require the removal and / or repositioning and / or insertion of at least one locking pin.

[0111] [Second Invention] According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, an apparatus or device for mooring a structure comprises: The main body, a guide portion for guiding at least a portion of the first mooring rope along a mooring rope path, The body includes an open channel for guiding and / or securing the first mooring line.

[0112] The open channel may have a partial cruciform or semi-cruciform surface.

[0113] The open channel may include a first U- or D-shaped surface with a second, smaller D- or U-shaped surface disposed at a midpoint of the first U- or D-shaped surface.

[0114] The open channel may include a first cup-shaped or cup-like surface and a second, smaller cup-shaped or cup-like, D-shaped or U-shaped surface may be disposed at the midpoint of the first cup-shaped or cup-like surface.

[0115] That is, the open channel may include a substantially concave or recessed first portion and a second recessed portion located at the midpoint of the first portion.The open channel may include a substantially concave or recessed first portion and a second, deeper recessed portion located at the midpoint of the first portion.

[0116] The open channel can include a first trough and the second, smaller trough is located at a midpoint of the deepest portion of the first trough.The open channel can include a first trough and the second, smaller trough is located at the deepest portion of the first trough.

[0117] The open channel may have a substantially T-shaped cross-section.

[0118] The partial or semi-cruciform surface may be shaped and sized to fit over at least a portion of the first mooring line, for example, it may be shaped and sized to fit over a mooring line or chain.

[0119] The partial or semi-cruciform surface may be configured to secure the mooring lines.

[0120] The surface of the open channel, or the surface of the partial or semi-cruciform shape, may be configured to inhibit pivoting of the mooring line relative to the body in a first direction perpendicular to the mooring line path and away from the guide portion.

[0121] The open channel may be configured to allow the mooring line to pivot relative to the body between a surface of the open channel and the guide portion.

[0122] the open channel includes a sidewall configured to inhibit rotation of the mooring line in a third direction; The third direction may be perpendicular to the mooring line path and the first direction.

[0123] The open channel may be provided or located at or adjacent the periphery of the body.

[0124] The open channels may be provided or located at the entry and / or exit points of the device.

[0125] The entry and / or exit points may be entry and / or exit points of mooring lines, for example entry and / or exit points of mooring lines relative to the body.

[0126] An open channel may be provided, in use, between the guide portion and the structure to be moored.

[0127] The body may include a connection portion for connecting the apparatus or device to a second mooring line. The guide portion may be disposed between the connection portion and the open channel.

[0128] The connecting portion may be disposed on the body such that while tensioning the first and / or second mooring lines, the first mooring line moves or pivots relative to the body in response to a tilt or rotation of the body. The movement or pivoting of the first mooring line relative to the body may be movement or pivoting between a surface of the open channel and a surface of the guide portion.

[0129] In use, the first mooring line is free to move or pivot relative to the body in the open channel.

[0130] The connecting portion may be positioned on the body such that during tensioning of the mooring line, the body tilts or rotates to align a line between a centre of the guide portion and the connecting portion with the second mooring line.

[0131] The connection portion may include a pad eye, a shackle or a clevis.

[0132] The device may include a locking mechanism or means.

[0133] The locking mechanism or means may be adapted to engage the first mooring line to prevent movement of the mooring line relative to the body in a direction along the mooring line path and to allow movement of the mooring line relative to the body in the opposite direction along the mooring line path.

[0134] The locking mechanism or means may be provided on the opposite side of the mooring line path from the guide portion.

[0135] A locking mechanism or means may be adapted to be provided between the guide portion and the structure to be moored, in use.

[0136] The locking mechanism may be provided between the guide and the structure to be moored along the mooring line, for example along the mooring line path.

[0137] The locking mechanism may be located proximal or adjacent to the guide portion.

[0138] An apparatus or device of the present invention can provide a locking mechanism that is much closer to the guide portion than the prior art, which can result in one or more advantages, such as reduced length, reduced weight, and / or reduced cost of the apparatus or device.

[0139] The locking mechanism or means may be configurable to straddle the guide portion.

[0140] The locking mechanism may include a yoke. The yoke may be configured to straddle the guide portion. The yoke may be configured to straddle the first mooring line, for example the first mooring line.

[0141] The locking mechanism may comprise a finger. The finger may be configured to interfere with, e.g., abut, the guide portion. The finger may be configured to interfere with, e.g., abut, the mooring line, e.g., the first mooring line.

[0142] The locking mechanism or means may be configurable to straddle the first mooring line.

[0143] The locking mechanism or means may include a locking member. In an unlocked first configuration, the locking member may be distal to the mooring line path or may not be aligned with the mooring line path. In a locked second configuration, at least a portion of the locking member may be aligned with the mooring line path. For example, in said second configuration, an end of the locking member may engage a link of a (first) mooring line, e.g. a mooring chain.

[0144] The locking member may be connected to or provided on the body, for example being pivotally attached to the body.

[0145] An end of the locking member may be closer to the moored structure when in the second locked position than when in the first unlocked position.

[0146] The locking mechanism or means may comprise a pivotable member or cracker. The locking member may be a pivotable member or a cracker.

[0147] The locking mechanism or means may comprise a counterweight, for example a removable counterweight, to bias the locking mechanism or means, or the pivotable member or cracker towards engagement with the first mooring line.

[0148] The rotation point of the pivotable member or cracker may be located on the opposite side of the mooring line path from the guide portion.

[0149] A locking mechanism or means may be adapted to retain or secure the mooring line between the guide portion and the pivotable member or cracker.

[0150] In use, at least a portion of the first mooring line may be located between the locking mechanism or means and the guide portion.

[0151] The mooring line path may include a curved path.

[0152] The mooring line path may include an included or included angle α and an excluded or external angle β.

[0153] The guide portion may be provided on the interior angle α of the mooring path or inside the interior angle α.

[0154] The locking mechanism or means may be provided, for example, on or inside the outer angle β of the mooring line path in the first (locked) position.

[0155] The guide portion may be movably, for example rotatably, mounted on the body.

[0156] The guide portion may comprise a chain wheel, a sprocket or a pocket wheel. The guide portion may be substantially circular, such as a mooring line wheel or a chain wheel rotatable relative to the body, such as about a central axis of the guide portion. The guide portion may be a sprag wheel. The guide portion may be a sheave. The guide portion may be a gear, such as a cogwheel.

[0157] The apparatus or device may be suitable for offshore and / or subsea operations and may be submerged in water when in use. The apparatus may provide tension to the (first) mooring line.

[0158] This device may be known and / or called a "mid-line tensioner" and / or an "in-line tensioner."

[0159] The device may be a mid-line tensioner.

[0160] The locking mechanism may, for example, comprise a mooring line lock capable of locking or retaining the first mooring line.

[0161] In use, at least a portion of the first mooring line may be deployed, locked and / or secured by a locking mechanism.

[0162] The lock may be adapted to secure and / or lock the first mooring line between the locking mechanism and a periphery / peripheral portion of the body.

[0163] The guide may be connected to the body, for example rotatably on or about an axis.

[0164] The locking mechanism may be hingedly or pivotally connected to the body.

[0165] At least a portion of at least one or both of the plurality of mooring lines may be chains, wires, ropes, etc. At least a portion of the first mooring line may be a first chain. At least a portion of the second mooring line may be a second chain.

[0166] According to one aspect of the invention there is provided an apparatus or device for mooring a structure comprising a body, a guide portion for guiding at least a portion of a first mooring line along a mooring line path, and a connection portion for connecting the body to a second mooring line, wherein upon tensioning of the mooring line the apparatus or device is configured to enable movement or pivoting of the first mooring line relative to the body into a space or gap between the guide portion and the body in response to tilting or rotation of the body.

[0167] According to a tenth aspect of the present invention there is provided an apparatus or device for mooring a structure comprising a body, a guide portion for guiding at least a part of a first mooring line along a mooring line path, and a connection portion for connecting the body to a second mooring line, the connection portion being arranged on the body such that upon tensioning of the mooring line the body tends to tilt or rotate to align a line between a centre of the connection portion and the guide portion with the second mooring line.

[0168] According to an eleventh aspect of the present invention there is provided an apparatus or device for mooring a structure comprising a guide portion for guiding at least a part of a first mooring line and a locking mechanism or means adapted to engage with the first mooring line, wherein the guide portion is adapted to engage with the first mooring line and the locking mechanism is configurable to straddle the guide portion and / or the first mooring line.

[0169] According to a twelfth aspect of the present invention there is provided a (mooring) system for tensioning a first mooring line, the system comprising at least one apparatus or device according to the ninth, tenth or eleventh aspects, the first mooring line and a second mooring line.

[0170] The first mooring line may be a chain and the open channel may be shaped and sized to conform to a longitudinal cross section of the first mooring line.

[0171] The system may include at least one structure, such as a floating structure, an offshore structure, a floating platform, or the like, or may be moored.

[0172] According to a thirteenth aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of tensioning a mooring line comprising the step of providing a system for tensioning a mooring line according to the twelfth aspect, the method further comprising the step of applying a tensile force to a first portion of a first mooring line in a direction away from the apparatus or device.

[0173] It is to be understood that the features defined below according to any aspect of the invention or in relation to any particular embodiment of the invention may, for example, be utilized alone or in combination with any other feature or as defined in any other aspect or embodiment, so as to form further aspects or embodiments of the invention, such further combinations not being set out herein merely for the sake of brevity. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0174] Embodiments of the present invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: [Figure 1] 1 is a side view of a first mooring device according to the prior art; [Diagram 2] 2 is a side view of a second mooring device according to the prior art; [Diagram 3] 3 is a side view of a third mooring device according to the prior art; [Figure 4] 1 is a side view of a mooring device or apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention; [Diagram 5] 5 is a side cross-sectional view of the mooring arrangement of FIG. 4 with a first mooring line in situ; [Figure 6] 5 is a perspective view from above and to one side of the mooring device of FIG. 4; [Figure 7]5 is a side view of the mooring arrangement of FIG. 4 with the first and second mooring lines in the field; [Figure 8] 5 is a side cross-sectional view of the mooring arrangement of FIG. 4 with first and second mooring lines in situ; [Figure 9] 5 is a top view of the mooring arrangement of FIG. 4 with the first and second mooring lines in the field; [Figure 10] an end view of the mooring arrangement of FIG. 4 with a first mooring line in the field; [Figure 11] An enlarged cross-sectional partial side view of the mooring device of FIG. 4; [Figure 12] An enlarged partial side view of the mooring device of FIG. 4; [Figure 13] 5 is a partial view of the mooring device of FIG. 4 from one side and one end to an enlarged scale; [Figure 14] 5 is a schematic diagram of a mooring system including the mooring arrangement of FIG. 4; [Figure 15] 1 is a perspective view of a mooring device or apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention; [Figure 16] a side sectional view of the mooring device or arrangement of FIG. 15; [Figure 17] a front view of the body of the mooring device or apparatus of FIG. 15; [Figure 18] 16 is a perspective view of the locking device of the mooring device or device of FIG. 15; [Figure 19] Photographs of the mooring or equipment in use; [Figure 20a] A series of photographs of a mooring device or apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention in use; [Figure 20b] A series of photographs of a mooring device or apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention in use; [Figure 20c] A series of photographs of a mooring device or apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention in use; [Figure 21a] A further series of photographs of an anchoring apparatus or device according to an embodiment of the invention in use; [Figure 21b] A further series of photographs of an anchoring apparatus or device according to an embodiment of the invention in use; [Figure 22] 1 is a series of cross-sectional side views of a mooring device according to one embodiment of the present invention; [Figure 23]1 is a series of cross-sectional side views of a mooring device according to one embodiment of the present invention; [Figure 24] 1 is a series of cross-sectional side views of a mooring device according to one embodiment of the present invention; [Diagram 25] 1 is a series of cross-sectional side views of a mooring device according to one embodiment of the present invention; [Figure 26] 1 is a side cross-sectional view of a mooring device according to one embodiment of the present invention; [Figure 27a] A detailed side sectional view of the mooring device of FIG. 22; [Figure 27b] A detailed side sectional view of the mooring device of FIG. 25; [Figure 28a] 1 is a perspective view of a first mooring device according to an embodiment of the present invention; [Figure 28b] 1 is a perspective view of a second mooring device according to an embodiment of the present invention; [Figure 28c] 3 is a perspective view of a third mooring device according to an embodiment of the present invention; [Fig. 28d] 4 is a perspective view of a fourth mooring device according to an embodiment of the present invention; [Figure 29a] FIG. 2 illustrates first and second combinations of guide portions and locking members for use in an embodiment of the present invention; [Figure 29b] FIG. 2 illustrates first and second combinations of guide portions and locking members for use in an embodiment of the present invention; [Figure 30a] 1 is a series of schematic side views of a mooring device corresponding to a number of previously disclosed embodiments of the present invention; [Figure 30b] 1 is a series of schematic side views of a mooring device corresponding to a number of previously disclosed embodiments of the present invention; [Figure 30c] 1 is a series of schematic side views of a mooring device corresponding to a number of previously disclosed embodiments of the present invention; [Figure 30d] 1 is a series of schematic side views of a mooring device corresponding to a number of previously disclosed embodiments of the present invention; [Figure 31a] 1 is a series of schematic side views of a mooring device corresponding to a number of previously disclosed embodiments of the present invention; [Figure 31b] 1 is a series of schematic side views of a mooring device corresponding to a number of previously disclosed embodiments of the present invention; [Fig. 31c] 1 is a series of schematic side views of a mooring device corresponding to a number of previously disclosed embodiments of the present invention; [Fig. 31d] 1 is a series of schematic side views of a mooring device corresponding to a number of previously disclosed embodiments of the present invention; DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0175] [Detailed description of the drawings] Referring first to FIG. 1, a prior art chain tensioner 17 is shown as disclosed in US Patent Application Publication No. 2014 / 0216323 A1 (SINGLE BUOY MOORINGS). As shown in FIG. 1, the chain tensioner 17 is fixedly attached with a connection side 18 to the upper end of the chain section 15 via a chain link 14 and a connector member such as a bow shackle 22. Instead of the chain section 15, a wire rope or other line section is utilized to connect to the side 18 of the chain tensioner device 17 with a suitable connector member. During the connection of the upper end of the chain section 15 to the chain tensioner device 17, the chain section 15 remains clamped on the deck of the ship. A working chain 20 having a length of, for example, 200 meters, movably passes through the chain tensioner 17 and is placed on the deck of the ship by feeding the tensioning chain section 28 formed by the lower part of the working chain 20 through the lead-in side 19 of the chain tensioner 17, through the chain stopper 25 and along the sheave 23. The chain stop 25 acts as a ratchet, allowing passage of the working chain 20 through the tensioner housing 27 only in the direction of a short tensioning chain section 28 that lengthens when pulled in the direction indicated by T. The tensioning chain section 28 of the tensioning chain 20 is guided through an opening 26 in the housing 27 of the chain tensioner 17 via a rotatable sheave 23. A relatively large diameter pulling collar 24 is attached to the tensioning chain section 28 for handling by a remotely operated vehicle (ROV).

[0176] Now, with reference to Figures 2 and 3, there is shown an apparatus for mooring a structure, comprising a mooring tensioner, generally indicated as 10, as disclosed in the prior art of WO 2018 / 025018 A1 (FLINTSTONE TECHNOLOGY LIMITED).

[0177] 4-13, there is shown an apparatus or device (anchoring and / or tensioning) generally designated 100, according to one embodiment of the present invention. Hereinafter, the apparatus or device 100 will be referred to as apparatus 100.

[0178] The apparatus 100 includes: The apparatus 100 comprises a guide portion (or sheave) 105 for guiding a portion of a first (working) mooring line 110, and a locking mechanism or means 115, the apparatus providing a mooring line path 120, the locking mechanism 115 being provided on the opposite side of the mooring line path 120 from the guide portion 105, the locking mechanism 115 being able, in use, to be provided between the guide portion 105 and the structure 200 to be moored, at least in a locked position, e.g. along the mooring line path.

[0179] The locking mechanism 115 may be provided along the path of the mooring line, or mooring line path 120, between the guide portion 105 and the moored structure 200.

[0180] The locking mechanism 115 is provided proximal or adjacent (next to) the guide portion 105 .

[0181] The device 100 provides a locking mechanism 115 that is significantly closer to the guide portion 105 than the prior art. This can lead to one or more advantages, such as reduced length, weight, and / or cost of the device 100.

[0182] The device 100 also provides an advantage over one or more prior art devices in that, in use, when the structure 200 is moored, the mooring line 110 around the guide portion 105 is not under tension as it is tensioned by the locking mechanism 115.

[0183] Mooring line path 120 comprises a curved path. Mooring line path 120 includes an included or included angle α and an excluded or exterior angle β.

[0184] The guide portions 105 are provided on or between the interior angles α of the mooring line paths. The locking mechanism 115 is provided on or between the exterior angles β of the mooring line paths, i.e., on the opposite side of the mooring line paths from the guide portions 115, at least in the unlocked configuration.

[0185] The device 100 comprises a body 125. The guide portion 105 is movably, i.e. rotatably, mounted on the body 125.

[0186] The locking mechanism 115 comprises a locking member 130 having a locking surface or side 131. In a first (unlocked) configuration, the locking member 130 is distal or non-aligned with respect to the mooring line path 120. In a second (locked) configuration, at least a portion of the locking member 130 is aligned with the mooring line path 120. (Further details regarding the operation of the device 100 can be seen from Figures 30(a)-(d) and 31(a)-(d). For example, in the second configuration, an end 135 of the locking member 130 engages a mooring line 110, e.g., a link 140 of the mooring line 110 including a mooring chain. The locking member 130 can be biased into the second configuration by a biasing means (not shown).

[0187] The locking member 130 is connected to or provided on, i.e. pivotally mounted to, the body 125. The pivot axis 131 of the locking member 130 is on the opposite side of the mooring line path 120 to the guide portion 105.

[0188] When in the second locked position, end 135 of locking member 130 is closer to the moored structure 200 than when in the first unlocked position.

[0189] The body 125 includes a mechanism 145 for connecting or coupling the device 100 to a second mooring line 150 .

[0190] The guide portion 105 comprises a circular member or wheel. The guide portion 105 comprises a plurality of circumferentially arranged teeth 155. The plurality of circumferentially arranged teeth 155 may in use act together with, for example, an end 135 of the locking member 130 to lock the mooring line 110 relative to the device 100, for example when the locking member 130 is in the second (locked) position. Thus, the locking member 130 acts as a pawl which, together with the toothed guide portion 105, may act as a ratchet type mechanism.

[0191] For convenience, the locking mechanism 115 is called a "chain stopper."

[0192] In this embodiment, the guide portion 105 has first and second sides, which are circular and include first and second teeth 155a, 155b, respectively, pairs of which are circumferentially aligned, i.e. facing each other.

[0193] At least a portion of the mooring line path 120 is provided between the first side and the second side of the guide portion 105 .

[0194] The body 115 includes a guide mechanism 160 for guiding a portion of the mooring line 110, for example, into and out of the device 100. In this embodiment, the guide mechanism 160 includes a pair of opposing guide members.

[0195] The lock mechanism 115 is provided between the guide portion 105 and the guide mechanism 160 .

[0196] In use, tension applied to the end of the mooring line 110 distal to the structure 200 or on the opposite side of the device 100 from the structure 200 will result in the locking member 130 moving towards or being positioned in the first configuration (unlocked), thereby allowing the mooring line 110 to be tensioned.

[0197] In use, removal of tension from the end of the mooring line 110 distal to the structure 200 or opposite the device 100 from the structure 200 results in the locking member 130 moving towards or being positioned in the second (locked) configuration, thereby locking the mooring line 110 (relative to the device 100).

[0198] The (first) mooring line 110 may be tensioned by this device 100. The device 100 may comprise and / or be referred to as a "mid-line tensioner."

[0199] The locking device 115 comprises a mooring line (mooring line) lock capable of locking or retaining the first mooring line 110 .

[0200] In use, at least a portion of the first mooring line 110 is positioned, locked and / or secured by the locking device 115 and the guide portion 105 .

[0201] At least a portion of the first mooring line 110 includes a locked link 111. The link adjacent to the lock link 111 in a direction away from the guide portion 105 may be referred to as the first load link 112. The locking member 130 has a locking surface 131.

[0202] The locking mechanism 115 is adapted to secure and / or lock the first mooring line 110 between the locking mechanism 115 and the outer periphery of the body 125 .

[0203] The guide portion 105 is rotatably connected to the body 125, for example on or about an axis.

[0204] The locking mechanism 115 and / or the locking member 130 are hingedly or pivotally connected to the body 125 and are beneficially on the opposite side of the mooring line path from the guide portion 105 .

[0205] At least a portion of at least one or both of the mooring lines 110, 150 may be a chain, a wire, a rope, etc. At least a portion of the first mooring line 110 may be a first chain. At least a portion of the second mooring line 150 may be a second chain.

[0206] The guide portion 105 may be a sheave or a wheel and / or may be substantially circular, such as a mooring line wheel or a chain wheel, which may be rotatable relative to the body 125, such as about a central axis A of the guide portion 105. The guide portion 105 may be a sprag wheel. The guide portion 105 may be a sheave. The guide portion 105 may be a toothed wheel, such as a cogwheel.

[0207] The present invention provides an apparatus or device 100 for mooring a structure 200, said apparatus or device 100 comprising: Body 125; a guide portion 105 for guiding a portion of the first mooring rope 110; A locking mechanism or means 115, wherein the guide portion 105 is provided on and / or within a first side or end of the body 125, and the locking mechanism or means 115 is provided on and / or within a second side or end of the body 125, the second side or end of the body 125 at least partially opposing the first side or end of the body 125.

[0208] The device 100 provides a mooring line path 120. A locking mechanism 125 is provided on the opposite side of the mooring line path 120 from the guide portion 105. The locking mechanism 115 is provided, in use, between the guide portion 105 and the structure 200 to be moored.

[0209] With reference to FIG. 14, the present invention provides a system 205 for tensioning a (first) mooring line 110, the system 205 comprising at least one mooring device 110 as described above.

[0210] The system 205 includes a first mooring line 110. The system 205 includes a second mooring line 150.

[0211] The system 205 moor at least one structure 205, such as a floating structure, an offshore structure, a floating platform, or the like.

[0212] A portion of the first mooring line 110 passes or is capable of passing through the device 200 .

[0213] A first portion or end 116 of the first mooring line 110 is connected or configured to be connectable to the structure 200 .

[0214] The system 205 may include a buoy (not shown). The system 205 includes a floating vessel 210. The system 205 includes a winch and / or pulley 215. The winch and / or pulley 215 may be located on or in the floating vessel 210. The buoy may be a submersible buoy, a semi-submersible buoy, a submersible turret production buoy, a submersible turret loading buoy, or the like.

[0215] A second portion or end 117 of the first mooring line 110 is configured to be connected to a buoy and / or a floating vessel and / or a winch and / or pulley 215. The winch and / or pulley 215 may be adapted to adjust or increase tension in the first mooring line 110.

[0216] A first portion or end 118 of the second mooring line 115 can be connected to at least a portion of the apparatus 110. A first portion or end 116 of the second mooring line 150 can be connected to the body 125. The first portion of the second mooring line 150 can be removably connected to the body 125.

[0217] The system 205 includes an anchor 220. The anchor 220 includes an anchor point. The anchor 220 may be a pile, such as a suction pile. The anchor 220 may be a subsea structure. The anchor 220 may be adapted for use on a subsea bed 225.

[0218] The second portion 119 of the second mooring line 150 may be connected to an anchor 220 or an anchor point.

[0219] The present invention provides a (first) method of tensioning a mooring line 110, the method comprising: As mentioned above, there is provided a (first) system 205 for tensioning a mooring line 110, the method (further) comprising: Applying a pulling force to a portion 117 of the first mooring line 110 in a direction away from the device 100.

[0220] The pulling force can cause the device 100 to pull at least one other portion of the first mooring line 110 towards the second mooring line 150 .

[0221] The pulling force may cause the device 100 to pull at least one other portion of the first mooring line 110 towards the device 100 .

[0222] Upon applying an appropriate or desired tension to the mooring lines 110, the locking mechanism 115 may be placed in a locked position.

[0223] When the appropriate or desired tension is applied to the mooring line 110, a portion or end 117 of the first mooring line 110 may be attached to a buoy or the like.

[0224] Upon applying appropriate tension to the mooring line 110, at least a portion of the first portion of the first mooring line 110 may be cut off and / or removed and / or secured to the apparatus 100 and / or secured to the first mooring line 110 and / or secured to the second mooring line 150.

[0225] The present invention provides a method for releasing tension in mooring lines, the invention comprises providing a system for tensioning mooring lines as described above, the method (further) comprising: applying a pulling force to a first portion 112 of a first mooring line 110 in a direction away from the device 100; Releasing the lock 115 from the locked position and / or holding the locking mechanism 115 in the unlocked position; and reducing and / or eliminating pulling forces.

[0226] The process of retaining the locking mechanism 115 in the unlocked position may require the removal and / or repositioning and / or insertion of at least one locking pin (not shown).

[0227] 15 and 16, an anchoring and / or tensioning apparatus or device according to one embodiment of the present invention is shown generally at 300. Hereinafter, the apparatus or device 300 will be referred to as apparatus 300.

[0228] The apparatus 300 comprises a body 325 and a guide portion 305 for guiding at least a portion of the first mooring line 310 along the mooring line path 320. The body 325 comprises an open channel 365 for guiding and securing the first mooring line 310.

[0229] As can be seen more clearly in Figure 17, which shows a front view of the body 325 of the anchoring device 300 of Figures 15 and 16, the open channel 365 includes a partial cross or semi-cross shaped surface. That is, the cross section of the open channel 365 is substantially T-shaped, as described in more detail below.

[0230] The open channel 365 comprises a first U-shaped surface 370 with a second, smaller U-shaped surface 375 located at the midpoint of the first U-shaped surface 370. In other embodiments, the open channel 365 includes a first D-shaped surface with the second, smaller D-shaped surface located at the midpoint of the first D-shaped surface. In a further embodiment, the open channel 365 corresponds to the first trough 370 with the second, smaller trough 375 located at the midpoint of the deepest portion of the first trough 370.

[0231] The open channel surfaces 370 , 375 are shaped and dimensioned to accommodate at least a portion of the first mooring line 310 .

[0232] The surfaces 370 , 375 of the open channel 365 are configured to secure the mooring line 310 .

[0233] The surfaces 370 , 375 of the open channel 365 are configured to restrain pivoting of the mooring line 310 relative to the body 325 in a first direction 380 perpendicular to the mooring line path 320 and away from the guide portion 305 .

[0234] An open channel 365 is provided to allow pivoting of the mooring line 310 relative to the body 325 between a surface of the open channel 365 and the guide portion 305 .

[0235] The open channel 365 may include side walls 390 , 395 configured to restrain pivoting of the mooring line 310 in a third direction 350 , the third direction being perpendicular to the mooring line path 320 and the first direction 380 .

[0236] The body 325 includes a connection 345 for connecting or coupling the device 300 to a second mooring line (not shown).

[0237] The connection 345 can include a pad-eye, a shackle, or a clevis. In the exemplary embodiment of Figures 15, 16, and 17, the connection 345 is a pad-eye.

[0238] The guide portion 305 is disposed between the connecting portion 345 and the open channel 365 .

[0239] The connection portion 345 is disposed on the body 325 such that upon tensioning of the first mooring line 310 and the second mooring line, the first mooring line 310 moves or pivots relative to the body 325 in response to tilting or rotation of the body 325. The movement or pivoting of the first mooring line 310 relative to the body 325 is between the surfaces 370, 375 of the open channel 365 and the guide portion 305.

[0240] In use, the first mooring line 310 is free to move or pivot within the open channel 365 relative to the body 325 .

[0241] The connection portion 345 is positioned on the body 325 such that during tensioning of the mooring line, the body 325 tends to tilt or rotate with a line 360 ​​between the center of the guide portion and the connection portion aligned with the second mooring line.

[0242] The apparatus 300 further comprises a locking mechanism or means 315 which is provided on the opposite side of the mooring line path 320 to the guide portion 305, the locking mechanism 315 being provided in use between the guide portion 305 and the structure to be moored.

[0243] The locking mechanism 315 is provided along the path of the mooring line, i.e. along the mooring line path 320, between the structure to be moored (not shown) and the guide part 305.

[0244] The locking mechanism 315 is adapted to engage with the first mooring line 310 to restrain movement of the first mooring line 310 relative to the body 325 in a direction along the mooring line path 320 and to allow movement of the first mooring line 310 relative to the body 325 in the opposite direction along the mooring line path 320.

[0245] The locking mechanism 315 is provided, for example, at least in an unlocked position, on the opposite side of the mooring line path 320 from the guide portion 305.

[0246] A locking mechanism 315 is adapted to be provided, in use, between the guide portion 305 and the structure to be moored, for example at least in the locked position.

[0247] In the exemplary embodiment of Figures 15, 16 and 17, the locking mechanism 315 can be configured to straddle the guide portion 305. In the exemplary embodiment of Figures 15, 16 and 17, the locking mechanism 315 can be configured to straddle the first mooring line 310.

[0248] The locking mechanism 315 includes a pivotable member or cracker 405 as shown in FIG.

[0249] The locking mechanism 315 comprises a counterweight 410 (which may be removable) that biases the pivotable member or cracker 405 towards engagement with the first mooring line 310 .

[0250] The locking mechanism 315 is adapted to hold or secure the mooring line 310 between the guide portion 305 and the pivotable member or cracker 405 .

[0251] In use, at least a portion of the first mooring line 310 is disposed between the locking mechanism 315 and the guide portion 305 .

[0252] The locking mechanism 315 is provided proximal or adjacent to the guide portion 305 .

[0253] The device 300 provides a locking mechanism 315 that is much closer to the guide portion 305 than the prior art. This can lead to one or more advantages, such as reduced length, weight, and / or cost of the device 300.

[0254] Additionally, the device 300 provides an advantage over one or more prior art devices in that, in use, the mooring line 310 around the guide portion 305 is not under tension when a structure (not shown) is moored, as it is tensioned by the locking device 315.

[0255] Mooring line path 320 comprises a curved path. Mooring line path 320 includes an included or included angle θ and an excluded or exterior angle φ.

[0256] The guide portion 305 is located on or between the interior angle θ of the mooring line path. The locking mechanism or means 315 is located on or between the exterior angle φ of the mooring line path 320, i.e., on the opposite side of the mooring line path from the guide portion 315, at least in the unlocked position.

[0257] The device 300 includes a body 325. The guide portion 305 is movably, for example rotatably, attached to the body 325.

[0258] The locking mechanism 315 comprises a locking member 330, e.g., a pivotable member or cracker 405. In a first configuration (unlocked), the locking member 330 is distal or non-aligned with respect to the mooring line path 320. In a second configuration (locked), at least a portion of the locking member 330 is aligned with the mooring line path 320. For example, in said second configuration, an end 335 of the locking member 330 engages with a link 340 of the mooring line 310, e.g., the mooring line 310 including a mooring chain. The locking member 330 can be biased to the second configuration by a biasing means (not shown).

[0259] The locking member 330 is connected to or provided on the body 325 , for example, pivotally attached to the body 325 .

[0260] An end 335 of the locking member 330, when in the first locked position, is closer to the moored structure (not shown) than when in the second unlocked position.

[0261] The apparatus 300 includes a mid-line tensioner.

[0262] The guide portion 305 comprises a circular member or wheel. The guide portion 305 comprises a plurality of circumferentially arranged teeth 355. The plurality of circumferentially arranged teeth 355 may in use cooperate with the end portion 335 (mentioned above) of the locking member 330, for example, such that the plurality of circumferentially arranged teeth 355 locks the mooring line 310 relative to the device 300 when the locking member 330 is in the locked second position. Thus, the locking member 330 acts as a pawl which, together with the toothed guide portion 305, may act as a ratchet type mechanism.

[0263] For convenience, the locking mechanism 315 is called a "chain stopper."

[0264] The locking mechanism 315 is disposed between the guide portion 305 and the open channel 365 .

[0265] In use, when tension is applied to the end of the mooring line 310 distal to a structure (not shown) or on the opposite side of the device 300 from the structure, the locking member 330 will move towards or be disposed in the second configuration (locked). This allows the mooring line 310 to be tensioned.

[0266] In use, when tension is removed from the end of the mooring line 310 distal to the structure (not shown) or on the opposite side of the device 300 from the structure, the locking member 330 moves towards or is positioned to the first position (unlocked).

[0267] A (first) mooring line 310 may be tensioned by this device 300. The device 300 may be referred to as a "mid-line tensioner."

[0268] The locking device 315 comprises a mooring line lock, i.e. is capable of locking or retaining the first mooring line 310 .

[0269] In use, at least a portion of the first mooring line 310 is positioned, locked and / or secured by the locking mechanism 315 and the guide portion 305 .

[0270] The guide portion 305 is coupled to the main body 325 so as to be rotatable, for example, on or about an axis.

[0271] The locking mechanism 315 and / or the locking member 330 are hingedly or pivotally connected to the body 325 .

[0272] At least a portion of the mooring line 310 may be a chain, wire, rope, or the like.

[0273] The guide portion 305 may be a wheel and / or may be substantially circular, such as a mooring line wheel or chain wheel, rotatable relative to the body 325, such as about a central axis of the guide portion 305. The guide portion 305 may be a sprag wheel. The guide portion 305 may be a sheave. The guide portion 305 may be a toothed wheel, e.g., a gear, a sprocket, etc.

[0274] The apparatus 300 may be suitable for offshore and / or subsea operations and may be submerged in water during use.

[0275] FIG. 19 shows a photograph of the device, generally designated 400, in use. The device 400 does not include an open channel for guiding and / or securing the first mooring line 410. The first mooring line 410 is pulled along the path indicated by the arrow 420, thus tensioning the first mooring line 410 and the second mooring line 430. It can be seen that the first mooring line 410, which is a mooring chain, interferes with the upper part of the closed channel 440. That is, due to the angle at which the first mooring line 410 enters the closed channel 440 of the device 400 when under tension of the mooring lines 410, 430, the device 100 may impede the movement of the first mooring line 410 relative to the device 400. Such interference may result in a rocking motion of the first mooring line 400 relative to the device 400, which may result in damage to the first mooring line 410 and / or the device 400. Furthermore, such behavior may lead to jamming of the first mooring line 410 in or around the device 400 .

[0276] Figures 20(a)-(c) show a series of photographs of an apparatus 500 according to one embodiment of the present invention. In Figure 20(a), the first mooring line 510 and the second mooring line 530 are under low tension, e.g., no substantial tension in the direction indicated by the arrow 520 has yet been applied to the first mooring line 510. The apparatus 500 comprises an open channel 540 for guiding and / or anchoring the first mooring line 510.

[0277] In FIG. 20(b), the first mooring line 510 is pulled along the path indicated by the arrow 520, thus tensioning the first mooring line 510 and the second mooring line 530. In contrast to FIG. 19, it can be seen that the first mooring line 510, which is a mooring chain, does not interfere with the channel 540. That is, under tension of the mooring lines 510, 530, the device 500 does not impede the movement of the first mooring line 510 towards the guide part 560 due to the open channel 540. FIG. 20c shows the first mooring line 510 and the second mooring line 530 further tensioned with respect to FIG. 20b. Under tension of the mooring lines 510, 530, the body 570 of the device 500 tends to tilt or rotate, aligning the line 580 between the center of the guide part and the connection part 590 with the second mooring line 530.

[0278] Figures 21(a) and 21(b) show a further series of photographs of the mooring device 500 in use. In Figures 21(a) and 21(b), the first mooring line 510 is pulled along the path indicated by the arrow 525, thus tensioning the first mooring line 510 and the second mooring line 530. In contrast to Figure 20b, it can be seen that the angle between the arrow 525 and the portion of the first mooring line 515 is substantially lower than the angle between the arrow 525 and the portion of the first mooring line 515 in Figure 20(b). That is, the wrap angle around the guide portion 560 is greater in Figures 21(a) and 21(b) than in Figure 20(b). As a result, the first mooring line 510 is lifted further into the open channel.

[0279] 22-25, there is shown an apparatus 600 according to one embodiment of the present invention, referred to as a compact tensioner. The apparatus 600 is similar to the mooring apparatus 500 of FIG. 22(a). Like parts are identified with like numbers, but repeated with a difference of "100".

[0280] FIG. 22 illustrates a relatively large valley included angle α where the first mooring line 610 contacts or abuts the open channel 665 during tensioning.

[0281] 23 illustrates a relatively small value of included angle α during tensioning that biases first mooring line 610 toward guide portion 605 and away from open channel 665. This can reduce the chance of chaffing first mooring line 610 at the inlet to apparatus 500.

[0282] In both Figures 22 and 23, the locking mechanism 615 is in an unlocked position and is located on the opposite side of the mooring line path 620 from the guide portion 605.

[0283] It should be noted that the locking mechanism 615 can be provided with a temporary (eg, removable) or permanent counterweight.

[0284] 24, the device 500 is shown with the first mooring line 610 under tension. The locking mechanism 615 is in a locked configuration and is disposed at least partially on the mooring path 620 and engages the first mooring line 610. In particular, a lock (or stop) surface of the locking mechanism 615 abuts the locked line.

[0285] Referring to FIG. 25, once tension is applied as shown in FIG. 24, the excess chain can be released (and allowed to drop).

[0286] The device 600 can be inverted into an in-use position.

[0287] Note that the locked link engages guide portion 605 (or dynamic guide).

[0288] Note that the first cloud link is in the line of an idealized or hypothetical mooring line path.

[0289] Referring to Figure 26, there is shown an apparatus 700 according to one embodiment of the present invention, referred to as a "micro" tensioner. Apparatus 700 is similar to apparatus 600 of Figures 22-25, and like parts are identified with like numbers but repeated with a difference of "100".

[0290] FIG. 26 shows an anchoring device 700 in a similar in-use configuration to the device 600 shown in FIG.

[0291] Note that the locked link engages guide portion 605 (or dynamic guide).

[0292] Note that the first load link is in line with the idealized hypothetical mooring line path.

[0293] Referring to Figure 27(a), the apparatus 600 of Figures 22-25 and the position of the locked link and first load link are shown in further detail.

[0294] Referring to FIG. 27(b), the apparatus 600 of FIG. 26 is shown in further detail, along with the position of the locked link and the first load link.

[0295] Referring to Figures 28(a) to (d), first to fourth devices according to embodiments of the present invention are shown.

[0296] The first through fourth devices are similar to the mooring device of FIG. 26, and similar parts are identified by similar numerical parts with the unit "100" and the suffixes "a" through "d", respectively.

[0297] Figures 28(a)-(d) show the following apparatus:

[0298] [Table 1] Referring to Figures 29(a) and (b), first and second combinations of guide portions and locking members for use in embodiments of the present invention are shown.

[0299] In the combination of Figure 29(a), the guide portion includes a flat / toothed wheel and the locking member includes a yoke stopper that can mesh with the flat / tooth of the flat / toothed wheel.

[0300] In the combination of Fig. 29(b), the guide part comprises a groove wheel, i.e. a wheel having a circumferential groove, and a locking member comprising a finger or pin type stopper that can mesh with the circumferential groove. The first and second outer members of the wheel are distributed parallel to each other and can be provided with further teeth or spurs.

[0301] It will be appreciated that the guide portions, locking mechanisms and counterweights shown in Figures 28(a)-(d) and Figures 29(a) and (b) may find utility in any embodiment of the invention, such as those disclosed above.

[0302] 30(a)-(d), there is shown a series of schematic side views of an apparatus in accordance with the present invention, generally designated 800. Mooring apparatus 800 is similar to mooring apparatus in accordance with previously disclosed embodiments of the present invention.

[0303] The mooring device 800 includes a guide portion 805 , a locking mechanism 815 , a first mooring line path 820 , a second mooring line path 821 , and a tangent line T from the guide portion 805 .

[0304] As can be seen in Figure 30(c), in use, i.e. after tensioning the first mooring line 810 and locking the locking mechanism 815, the tangent line T is aligned with the portion of the first mooring line path 820 extending upwards, i.e. extending to / from the moored structure, and the second mooring line path 821 extending downwards, e.g. to the anchor point. Thus, a continuous load path is provided.

[0305] 31(a)-(d), there is shown a series of schematic side views of an apparatus generally designated 900. Apparatus 900 is similar to an apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, for example, FIG. 26 disclosed above.

[0306] Apparatus 900 is shown in Figures 31(a) to (d) in the same configuration and operating in the same manner as apparatus 800 shown in Figures 30(a) to (d), respectively.

[0307] 30(a)-(d), note that in use, i.e., when first mooring line path 810 is under tension, locked link 811 and first load link 812 are on mooring line path 820. Also, locked link 811 is on guide portion 805.

[0308] 31(a)-(d), note that in use, i.e. when the first mooring line path 810 is under tension, only the first load link 912 is in the mooring line path 920 in use. Also, the locked link 911 is on the guide portion 905.

[0309] It will be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are provided merely as examples and are not meant to limit the scope of the present invention. Each of the disclosed embodiments provides features as recited in the description of the invention and the appended claims, and such features have not been fully described herein merely for the sake of brevity.

Claims

1. 1. An apparatus or device for mooring a structure and / or tensioning a mooring line, comprising: The main body, A guide portion that guides at least a portion of the first mooring rope along a mooring rope path and is rotatably connected to the main body; a locking mechanism or means provided on the opposite side of the mooring line path from the guide portion, the body defines an open channel for guiding and / or securing the first mooring line; the body includes a connection portion for connecting the apparatus or device to a second mooring line; the guide portion is disposed between the connection portion and the open channel; the open channel is configured to allow free rotation of the first mooring line relative to the body between a surface of the open channel and the guide portion; The apparatus or device is configured such that when mooring a structure, tension is applied to the first mooring line by the locking mechanism or means and no tension is applied by a portion of the first mooring line around the guide portion.

2. the open channel has a partial cruciform or semi-cruciform surface; the open channel includes a first U-shaped or D-shaped surface with a second, smaller D-shaped or U-shaped surface disposed at a midpoint of the first U-shaped or D-shaped surface; the open channel includes a first cup-like or cup-shaped surface with a second, smaller cup-like or cup-shaped, D-shaped or U-shaped surface disposed at a midpoint of the first cup-like or cup-shaped surface; the open channel includes a recessed first portion and a second recessed portion disposed at a midpoint of the first portion; the open channel comprises a first trough and a second, smaller trough is disposed at a midpoint of the deepest portion of the first trough; and / or The apparatus or device of claim 1 , wherein the cross-section of the open channel is T-shaped.

3. the partial or semi-cruciform surface is shaped and sized to fit over at least a portion of the first mooring line; and / or 3. The apparatus or device of claim 2, wherein the partial or semi-cruciform surface is configured to secure the mooring line.

4. the open channel has a partial cruciform or semi-cruciform surface; a surface of the open channel or a surface of the partial or semi-cruciform shape is configured to inhibit pivoting of the mooring line relative to the body in a first direction perpendicular to the mooring line path and away from the guide; and / or 2. The apparatus or device of claim 1, wherein the open channel includes a sidewall configured to prevent rotation of the mooring line in a third direction, the third direction being perpendicular to the mooring line path and the first direction.

5. the open channel is provided or disposed at or adjacent to a periphery of the body; the open channel is provided or located at an inlet and / or outlet point of the device; said entry and / or exit points being entry and / or exit points of said mooring lines; 2. An apparatus or device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the open channel is provided, in use, between the guide portion and the structure to be moored.

6. the connecting portion is disposed on the body such that the first mooring line moves or pivots relative to the body in response to tilting or rotation of the body while tensioning the first and / or second mooring lines, the movement or pivoting of the first mooring line relative to the body being between a surface of the open channel and the guide portion; the connecting portion is arranged on the body such that, during tensioning of the mooring line, the body tilts or rotates to align a line between the center of the guide portion and the connecting portion with the second mooring line; and / or 10. The apparatus or device of claim 1, wherein the connecting portion comprises a pad eye, a shackle, or a clevis.

7. the locking mechanism or means is adapted to engage the first mooring line to prevent movement of the mooring line relative to the body in a direction along the mooring line path and to allow movement of the mooring line relative to the body in a reverse direction along the mooring line path; said locking mechanism or means being adapted to be provided, in use, between said guide portion and the structure to be moored; The locking mechanism is provided between the guide portion and a structure to be moored along a path of the mooring line, The locking mechanism is provided proximal or near the guide portion, the locking mechanism or means is configured to straddle the guide portion; The locking mechanism includes a yoke, the yoke being configured to straddle the guide portion and / or the yoke being configured to straddle the first mooring line; the locking mechanism comprises fingers configured to interfere with the guide portion and / or the fingers configured to interfere with the mooring line and / or An apparatus or device as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the locking mechanism or means is configured to straddle the first mooring line.

8. The locking mechanism or means includes a locking member; in a first unlocked configuration, the locking member is distal to or out of alignment with the mooring line path, and / or in a second locked configuration, at least a portion of the locking member is in alignment with the mooring line path and an end of the locking member engages the first mooring line; the locking member is connected to or provided on the body, and / or 8. An apparatus or device as claimed in claim 7, wherein an end of the locking member is closer to the moored structure when in the second locked position than when in the first unlocked position.

9. The locking mechanism or means includes a locking member; the locking mechanism or means comprises a pivotable member or cracker, and / or the locking member comprises a pivotable member or cracker, and / or the locking mechanism or means comprises a counterweight to bias the locking mechanism or means or the pivotable member or cracker towards engagement with the first mooring line; the rotation point of the pivotable member or cracker is located on the opposite side of the mooring line path from the guide portion; the locking mechanism or means being adapted to hold or secure the mooring line between the guide and the pivotable member or cracker; and / or 2. An apparatus or device as claimed in claim 1, wherein in use at least a portion of the first mooring line is located between a locking mechanism or means and a guide portion.

10. The mooring line path includes a curved path, the mooring line path includes an inside angle α and an outside angle β; The guide portion is provided on the interior angle α of the mooring route or inside the interior angle α.

2. The apparatus or device of claim 1, wherein a locking mechanism or means is provided on or inside said exterior angle β of said mooring line path.

11. The guide portion is movably mounted on the main body, The guide portion includes a chain wheel, a sprocket, or a pocket wheel, and the guide portion is circular; The apparatus or device of claim 1 , wherein the guide portion is a sprag wheel, a sheave, or a gear.

12. the apparatus or device is suitable for offshore and / or subsea operations and is submerged in water in use; The device can tension the first mooring line; 10. The apparatus or device of claim 1, wherein the apparatus is a "mid-line tensioner" and / or an "in-line tensioner."

13. The locking mechanism comprises a mooring line lock; In use, at least a portion of the first mooring line is deployed, locked and / or secured by the locking mechanism; The lock is adapted to secure and / or lock the first mooring line between the locking mechanism and an outer periphery / peripheral portion of the body. the guide part is rotatably connected to the body; and / or 10. The apparatus or device of claim 1, wherein the locking mechanism is hingedly or pivotally connected to the body.

14. At least a portion of at least one or both of the plurality of mooring lines is a chain, a wire, or a rope; At least a portion of the first mooring line is a first chain; The apparatus or device of claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the second mooring line is a second chain.

15. A mooring system for tensioning a first mooring line, said mooring system comprising at least one apparatus or device as defined in claim 1, a first mooring line, and a second mooring line.

16. 1. A method of tensioning a mooring line, the method comprising: Providing a system for tensioning a mooring line as claimed in claim 15, The method further comprising applying a tension force to a first portion of the mooring line in a direction away from the apparatus or device.

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