Novel additives for pesticide formulations

Abstract

The present invention relates to a compound of formula (I) [R-(A) x -OSO3 - ]-M + (I) [where M + is a monoethanolammonium cation, and further variables have the meanings defined herein. The present invention also relates to an adjuvant solution comprising a compound of formula (I) and an organic solvent. Another object is to provide a compound of formula (I) wherein R is a linear alkyl and M + is ethanolammonium, and the other variables have the meanings defined herein], and a method for controlling undesirable vegetation and / or regulating plant growth, which comprises applying an agrochemical composition to the respective pest, to their habitat or to the crop plants to be protected from the respective pest, to the soil and / or to the crop plants and / or to their habitat.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a compound of formula (I) [R-(A) x -OSO 3 - ]-M + (I) wherein the variables have the meanings defined herein below. The invention further relates to an adjuvant solution comprising 40-95% by weight of a compound of formula (I), an organic solvent and up to 5% by weight of water. Another object is an agrochemical composition comprising a surfactant of formula (I) and an agrochemical active ingredient. Further objects are a method for controlling undesirable vegetation comprising the step of applying the agrochemical composition to a locus where the undesirable vegetation is present or expected to be present; the use of a compound of formula (I) for increasing the solubility of a pesticidal active ingredient in a liquid pesticidal composition; a method for increasing the biological effect of a pesticidal active ingredient comprising the step of contacting the pesticidal active ingredient with a compound of formula (I); a method for producing a pesticidal composition comprising the step of contacting a compound of formula (I) with a pesticidal active ingredient; a plant propagation material comprising the agrochemical composition; a method for controlling plant pathogenic fungi and / or unwanted plant growth and / or unwanted insect or mite infestations and / or regulating plant growth, which method comprises applying the agrochemical composition to the respective pests, their habitat or plants to be protected from the respective pests, the soil and / or unwanted plants and / or crop plants and / or their habitat, and a method for treating plant propagation material comprising the step of treating the plant propagation material with the agrochemical composition. [Background technology]

[0002] There is a continuing need to find additives for pesticide compositions that enhance the biological effectiveness of the composition, increase its physical and / or chemical stability, or increase the loading of the pesticide composition with active ingredients and / or adjuvants. Increased biological effectiveness allows the application rate of the active ingredient to be reduced, reducing costs and health risks to the applicator. Higher loadings of the pesticide composition reduce the weight of a given package unit, which makes it easier to transport and handle the canister containing the pesticide composition. However, pesticide compositions with higher loadings of pesticide active ingredients and / or adjuvants suffer from stability problems, such as gelling, clumping, and creaming. Pesticide compositions with higher loadings also often have high viscosity, which negatively affects handling by the applicator.

[0003] US10,091,994B2 discloses additives for agrochemical compositions. The additives are alkoxylated and sulfonated alcohols, which exist in the form of salts, and the cations can be sodium. The drawback of these additives is that compositions containing higher concentrations of these substituents form compositions that are inhomogeneous and difficult to homogenize and dissolve. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] US10,091,994B2 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] It was an object of the present invention to provide an additive for an agrochemical composition, which increases the biological effectiveness of the agrochemical composition, improves its physical and / or chemical stability, in particular improves its flowability and storage stability. Further objects are the increased loading of the agrochemical composition comprising the agrochemically active ingredient and / or adjuvant, and improved handling by the applicator. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] The compound of formula (I) of the present invention has increased solubility in both aqueous and oily compositions compared to those described in the prior art.Therefore, highly concentrated adjuvant solutions of the compound of formula (I) can be produced.These adjuvant solutions have relatively low viscosity and are easy for applicators to handle.Farmers can use such adjuvant solutions as, for example, tank mix additives.Alternatively, the compound of formula (I) can be constructed into a very highly concentrated formulation ready for use, thereby also increasing the maximum loading of pesticide active ingredient.

[0007] The object is therefore to provide a compound of formula (I) [R-(A) x -OSO 3 - ]-M + (I) [In the formula, R is C 10 ~C 16 -Alkyl, C 10 ~C 16 -alkenyl or C 10 ~C 16 -alkynyl, Each A is independent [ka] It is based on Where: R A , R B , R C and R D are independently H, CH 3 or CH 2 CH 3 where R A , R B , R C and R D The total number of C atoms is at most 2, M + is an ammonium cation of a primary, secondary or tertiary amine having a molecular weight of 32 to 200 g / mol, The subscript x is a number between 1 and 10. This is achieved by:

[0008] It has surprisingly been found that liquid compositions can be loaded with many compounds of formula (I) and at the same time remain stable and flowable, that stable and flowable pesticide compositions can be made containing high concentrations of pesticidal active ingredients and / or compounds of formula (I), and that the compounds of formula (I) increase the biological effectiveness of the pesticide composition. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0009] The present invention refers to and includes the compounds as defined herein and / or their stereoisomers, tautomers or N-oxides. The term "compounds of the present invention" should be understood as equivalent to the term "compounds according to the invention", and therefore also includes stereoisomers, tautomers or N-oxides of compounds of formula (I). As used herein, the terms compounds of formula (I) and compounds of formula (I) have the same meaning and refer to the situation where at least one compound of formula (I) is present. In general, terms referred to in the plural form also refer to the situation where only the singular term applies, unless specifically indicated otherwise. The term "composition according to the present invention" or "composition of the present invention" encompasses compositions comprising at least one compound of formula (I) according to the present invention as defined above, and therefore also includes stereoisomers, tautomers or N-oxides of compounds of formula (I). The term "N-oxide" includes any compound of the present invention having at least one tertiary nitrogen atom oxidized to an N-oxide moiety.

[0010] The groups of organic moieties mentioned in the definitions of the variables above are collective terms (such as the term halogen) instead of listing the individual radical members individually. n ~C m The prefixes indicate in each case the number of possible carbon atoms in the group.

[0011] The term "substituted by," as used, for example, in "partially or fully substituted by," means that one or more, e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, or all, of the hydrogen atoms of a given group are replaced by one or more of the same or different substituents. Thus, in the case of a substituted cyclic moiety, such as 1-cyanocyclopropyl, one or more of the hydrogen atoms of the cyclic moiety may be replaced by one or more of the same or different substituents.

[0012] In this specification (and C n ~C m -Alkylamino, di-C n ~C m -Alkylamino, C n ~C m -Alkylaminocarbonyl, di-(C n ~C m -Alkylamino)carbonyl also used in n ~C m The term "-alkyl" refers to a branched or unbranched saturated hydrocarbon group having n to m carbon atoms, for example 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, 1-methylethyl, butyl, 1-methylpropyl, 2-methylpropyl, 1,1-dimethylethyl, pentyl, 1-methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, 1-ethylpropyl, hexyl, 1,1-dimethylpropyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl, 1-methylpentyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 4-methylpentyl, 1,1-dimethylbutyl, 1,2-dimethylbutyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl, 2,3-dimethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, 1-ethylbutyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 1,1,2-trimethylpropyl, 1,2,2-trimethylpropyl, 1-ethyl-1-methylpropyl, 1-ethyl-2-methylpropyl, heptyl, octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, nonyl and decyl, and their isomers. 1 ~C 4-Alkyl means for example methyl, ethyl, propyl, 1-methylethyl, butyl, 1-methylpropyl, 2-methylpropyl or 1,1-dimethylethyl.

[0013] As used herein, "C 2 ~C mThe term "-alkenyl" refers to a branched or unbranched unsaturated hydrocarbon group having 2 to m, for example 2 to 10 or 2 to 6, carbon atoms and a double bond at any position, such as ethenyl, 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl, 1-methyl-ethenyl, 1-butenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, 1-methyl-1-propenyl, 2-methyl-1-propenyl, 1-methyl-2-propenyl, 2-methyl-2-propenyl, 1-pentenyl, 2-pentenyl, 3-pentenyl, 4-pentenyl, 1-methyl-1-butenyl, 2-methyl-1-butenyl, , 3-methyl-1-butenyl, 1-methyl-2-butenyl, 2-methyl-2-butenyl, 3-methyl-2-butenyl, 1-methyl-3-butenyl, 2-methyl-3-butenyl, 3-methyl-3-butenyl, 1,1-dimethyl-2-propenyl, 1,2-dimethyl-1-propenyl, 1,2-dimethyl-2-propenyl, 1-ethyl-1-propenyl, 1-ethyl-2-propenyl, 1-hexenyl, 2-hexenyl, 3-hexenyl, 4-hexenyl, 5-hexenyl, 1-methyl-1-pentenyl, 2-methyl-1-pentenyl, 3-methyl-1 -pentenyl, 4-methyl-1-pentenyl, 1-methyl-2-pentenyl, 2-methyl-2-pentenyl, 3-methyl-2-pentenyl, 4-methyl-2-pentenyl, 1-methyl-3-pentenyl, 2-methyl-3-pentenyl, 3-methyl-3-pentenyl, 4-methyl-3-pentenyl, 1-methyl-4-pentenyl, 2-methyl-4-pentenyl, 3-methyl-4-pentenyl, 4-methyl-4-pentenyl, 1,1-dimethyl-2-butenyl, 1,1-dimethyl-3-butenyl, 1,2-dimethyl-1-butenyl, 1,2-dimethyl-2 -butenyl, 1,2-dimethyl-3-butenyl, 1,3-dimethyl-1-butenyl, 1,3-dimethyl-2-butenyl, 1,3-dimethyl-3-butenyl, 2,2-dimethyl-3-butenyl, 2,3-dimethyl-1-butenyl, 2,3-dimethyl-2-butenyl, 2,3-dimethyl-3-butenyl, 3,3-dimethyl-1-butenyl, 3,3-dimethyl-2-butenyl, 1-ethyl-1-butenyl, 1-ethyl-2-butenyl, 1-ethyl-3-butenyl, 2-ethyl-1-butenyl, 2-ethyl-2-butenyl, 2-ethyl-3-butenyl, 1,1,2-trimethyl-2-propenyl, 1-ethyl-1-methyl-2-propenyl, 1-ethyl-2-methyl-1-propenyl and 1-ethyl-2-methyl-2-propenyl are contemplated.

[0014] As used herein, "C 2 ~C m The term "alkynyl" refers to a branched or unbranched unsaturated hydrocarbon group having 2 to m, e.g., 2 to 10 or 2 to 6, carbon atoms and containing at least one triple bond, such as ethynyl, propynyl, 1-butynyl, 2-butynyl, and the like.

[0015] Similarly, "C n ~C m "-alkoxy" refers to a straight or branched alkyl group (as mentioned above) having n to m carbon atoms, for example 1 to 10, in particular 1 to 6 or 1 to 4 carbon atoms, attached via an oxygen at any bond in the alkyl group. Examples include: 1 ~C 4 -Alkoxy includes, for example, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, sec-butoxy, isobutoxy and tert-butoxy.

[0016] The term "hetaryl" or "aromatic heterocycle" or "aromatic heterocyclic ring" includes monocyclic 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic groups containing 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring members. Examples of 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic groups are pyridyl, i.e. 2-, 3- or 4-pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, i.e. 2-, 4- or 5-pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, i.e. 3- or 4-pyridazinyl, thienyl, i.e. 2- or 3-thienyl, furyl, i.e. 2- or 3-furyl, pyrrolyl, i.e. 2- or 3-pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, i.e. 2-, 3- or 5-oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, i.e. 3-, 4- or 5-isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, i.e. 2-, 3- or 5-thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, i.e. 3-, 4- or 5-isothiazolyl, pyrazolyl, i.e. 1-, 3-, 4- or 5-pyrazolyl, i.e. 1-, 2-, 4- or 5-pyrazolyl, Examples include 5-imidazolyl, oxadiazolyl, such as 2- or 5-[1,3,4]oxadiazolyl, 4- or 5-(1,2,3-oxadiazol)yl, 3- or 5-(1,2,4-oxadiazol)yl, 2- or 5-(1,3,4-thiadiazol)yl, thiadiazolyl, such as 2- or 5-(1,3,4-thiadiazol)yl, 4- or 5-(1,2,3-thiadiazol)yl, 3- or 5-(1,2,4-thiadiazol)yl, triazolyl, such as 1H-, 2H- or 3H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl, 2H-triazol-3-yl, 1H-, 2H- or 4H-1,2,4-triazolyl, and tetrazolyl, i.e. 1H- or 2H-tetrazolyl.

[0017] The term "heterocycle", "heterocyclyl" or "heterocyclic ring" generally includes 5- or 6-membered, especially 6-membered, monocyclic heterocyclic groups, unless otherwise indicated. Heterocyclic groups may be saturated, partially unsaturated or fully unsaturated. When used in this context, the term "fully unsaturated" also includes "aromatic". In a preferred embodiment, the fully unsaturated heterocycle is thus an aromatic heterocycle, preferably a 5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocycle, containing one or more, for example 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably 1, 2 or 3, heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring members. Examples of aromatic heterocycles are provided above with respect to the definition of "hetaryl". Unless otherwise indicated, "hetaryl" is thus included in the term "heterocycle". Heterocyclic non-aromatic groups usually contain 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, preferably 1, 2 or 3, heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring members, where an S atom as a ring member is S, SO or SO 2Examples of 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic groups are saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic heterocyclic rings, such as oxiranyl, oxetanyl, thietanyl, thietanyl-S-oxide (S-oxothietanyl), thietanyl-S-dioxide (S-dioxothietanyl), pyrrolidinyl, pyrrolinyl, pyrazolinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, dihydrofuranyl, 1,3-dioxolanyl, thiolanyl, S-oxothiolanyl, S-dioxothiolanyl, dihydrothienyl, S-oxodihydrothienyl, S-dioxodihydrothienyl, oxazolidinyl, oxazolinyl, thiazo linyl, oxathiolanyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, pyranyl, dihydropyranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, 1,3- and 1,4-dioxanyl, thiopyranyl, S.oxothiopyranyl, S-dioxothiopyranyl, dihydrothiopyranyl, S-oxodihydrothiopyranyl, S-dioxodihydrothiopyranyl, tetrahydrothiopyranyl, S-oxotetrahydrothiopyranyl, S-dioxotetrahydrothiopyranyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, S-oxothiomorpholinyl, S-dioxothiomorpholinyl, thiazinyl, etc. Examples for heterocyclic rings which also contain one or two carbonyl groups as ring members include pyrrolidin-2-onyl, pyrrolidin-2,5-dionyl, imidazolidin-2-onyl, oxazolidin-2-onyl, thiazolidin-2-onyl, etc.

[0018] The compounds of formula (I) can be prepared by standard methods of organic chemistry. Anionic moiety (Ia) R-(A) x -OSO 3 - (Ia) is commercially available in the form of its sodium or potassium salt, for example from Clariant under the trade name Genapol LRO, and can be prepared as described in US10091994B2 columns 1-2, which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0019] The compounds of formula (I) comprise an anionic moiety (Ia) and a positively and singly charged cationic ammonium moiety M +It is an ionic compound comprising:

[0020] The compounds of formula (I) contain an ammonium cation M of a primary, secondary or tertiary amine. + i.e., containing a protonated primary, secondary or tertiary amine. Compounds of formula (I) can be obtained from commercially available sodium or potassium salts by ion exchange chromatography. Alternatively, compounds of formula (I) can be obtained from commercially available sodium or potassium salts by ion exchange chromatography.

[0021] [ka] wherein all variables have the meanings defined for formula (I). As illustrated in FIG. 1, the SO 3 or ClSO 3 H and subsequent addition of the respective amine base M. This type of reaction is typically carried out at temperatures between 50 and 100 °C, using an excess of SO compared to the amount of compound of formula (I). 3 or ClSO 3 The reaction is carried out under the addition of H. Compounds of formula (1) are commercially available under various trade names, for example the Lutensol TO series from BASF, and can be prepared from the respective alcohols R-OH by alkoxylation with ethylene oxide, propylene oxide or butylene oxide, as described in US10091994B2. The amine bases M are likewise commercially available, and the respective ammonium cations M in the compounds of formula (I) are + Form.

[0022] Compounds of formula (I) may also be prepared in a given composition according to Scheme 2

[0023] [ka] [In the formula, N + is M + Any cation different from + Or K + ), and B- represents any anion different from the anion (Ia), and all other variables have the meanings defined for formula (I). + For any given anion B - In the presence of a salt with any given cation N + This type of ion exchange reaction typically occurs in a liquid composition and reaches equilibrium, with both the reaction to give the compound of formula (I) and the reverse reaction to give the compound of formula (Ib) being in equilibrium.

[0024] Compounds of formula (I) may also be prepared in a given composition according to Scheme 3

[0025] [ka]

[0026] where M is a primary, secondary or tertiary amine as described herein and all variables have the meanings defined for formula (I). This acid-base reaction may be carried out prior to the addition of the compound of formula (I) to the agrochemical composition or may occur in situ by adding the compound of formula (Ic) and the amine component M separately.

[0027] Thus, the present invention also relates to the situation where the compound of formula (I) and the compound of formula (Ib) and / or the compound of formula (Ic) are simultaneously present in various molar ratios. For example, the agrochemical composition may contain the compound of formula (I) in a molar ratio of 1:50 to 1:1, preferably 1:20 to 1:1, more preferably 1:10 to 1:1, relative to the total molar concentration of the compound of formula (I), the compound of formula (Ib) and the compound of formula (Ic) in the agrochemical composition. The compounds of formula (I) produced by the above methods can be obtained from the crude reaction product by standard purification methods, such as extraction or column chromatography. If any of the compounds falling within the scope of formula (I) are not directly obtainable by the above methods, they are accessible by derivatization of those compounds of formula (I) directly accessible by the above methods.

[0028] The variables of formula (I) have the following preferred meanings and embodiments: Combinations of such preferred meanings and all levels of preferred embodiments are within the scope of the invention.

[0029] R is C 10 ~C 16 -Alkyl, C 10 ~C 16 -alkenyl or C 10 ~C 16 -alkenyl. Typically, R is C 10 ~C 16 -alkyl, preferably C 10 ~C 14 -alkyl, more preferably C 11 ~C 13 -Alkyl, especially C 12 -Alkyl (e.g., linear C 12 In another embodiment, R is C 10 ~C 16 -alkenyl, preferably C 10 ~C 14 -alkenyl, more preferably C 11 ~C 13 -Alkenyl, especially C 12 In another embodiment, R is C 10 ~C16 -Alkynyl, preferably C 10 ~C 14 -alkynyl, more preferably C 11 ~C 13 -Alkynyl, especially C 12 -alkynyl.

[0030] Each A is independent

[0031] [ka] [In the formula, R A , R B , R C and R D are independently H, CH 3 or CH 2 CH 3 where R A , R B , R C and R D The sum of the C atoms is at most 2. It is based on

[0032] Typically, R A , R B , R C and R D The sum of the C atoms of R is at most 1. A , R B , R C and R D is H. Typically, each A group is the same, and preferably R A , R B , R C and R D is H.

[0033] In one embodiment, a mixture of different A groups, e.g., all substituents R A , R B , R C and R D A group having a substituent R A , R B , R C or R D CH 3There are mixtures of A groups with

[0034] In another embodiment, a mixture of different A groups, e.g., all substituents R A , R B , R C and R D A group having a substituent R A , R B , R C or R D CH 2 CH 3 There are mixtures of A groups with

[0035] When a mixture of different A groups is present, all the substituents R A , R B , R C and R D The molar proportion of A groups that are H is typically at least 10 mol %, preferably at least 25 mol %, more preferably at least 50 mol % and especially at least 80 mol %.

[0036] The subscript x is 1 to 10. The subscript x represents the molar average of all molecules of the compound of formula (I) in a given population and is any number between 1 and 10, including real numbers between 1 and 10. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the general synthesis of the compound of formula (I) involves an alkoxylation step of the alcohol R-OH as outlined above, in which the species R-(A) x It is recognized that this results in a statistical distribution of -OH groups, and thus a statistical distribution of compounds of formula (I) with respect to the index x.

[0037] Typically, the index x is at most 8, preferably at most 6, more preferably at most 4, and most preferably at most 3. The index x may be at least 1.5, preferably at least 2. The index x is typically 1 to 5, preferably 1 to 4, more preferably 1 to 3, most preferably 1.5 to 3, especially 1.5 to 2.5.

[0038] M +is an ammonium cation of a primary, secondary or tertiary amine having a molecular weight of 32 to 200 g / mol. That is, M + is a protonated primary, secondary or tertiary amine M having a molecular weight of 32 to 200 g / mol. Typically, the ammonium cation M + contains only one nitrogen atom per molecule.

[0039] Ammonium cation M + and amine M form a conjugate acid / base pair, Scheme 4

[0040] [ka] In aqueous conditions, an equilibrium state is reached, as shown in

[0041] The present invention therefore provides a method for determining whether an amine is in its protonated state M + The present invention also relates to the situation where a protonated amine M exists in both its protonated and unprotonated states. + The molar ratio of the protonated amine M to the unprotonated amine M is typically at least 1:1, preferably at least 3:1, more preferably at least 5:1, and most preferably at least 10:1. + The molar ratio of the protonated amine M to the unprotonated amine M is typically at most 50:1, preferably at most 20:1, more preferably at most 15:1, and most preferably at most 8:1. + The molar ratio of to the unprotonated amine M depends on the pH value of the agrochemical composition.

[0042] The pH is typically 5 to 12, preferably 6 to 10, more preferably 6.5 to 9. The pH can be adjusted by the addition of an acid, such as HCl, H 2 SO 4 , H 2 SO 3 Alternatively, it may be adjusted by adding methylsulfonic acid.

[0043] Accordingly, the compound of formula (I) may contain a mixture of cations, where not all of the cations are ammonium cations M of primary, secondary or tertiary amines + and is not necessarily so. Other cations that may be present are lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, NH 4 + , or quaternary ammonium cations. Accordingly, the present invention also relates to a situation where the molar concentration of ammonium cation M + in, for example, the compound of formula (I), the compound of formula (I-b) and the compound of formula (I-c) is less than 100 mol% with respect to the total amount of moiety (I-a) present. The molar concentration of ammonium cation M + with respect to the total amount of moiety (I-a) is typically at least 10 mol%, preferably at least 20 mol%, more preferably at least 30 mol%, most preferably at least 50 mol%, particularly at least 80 mol%, for example at least 90 mol%.

[0044] Ammonium cation M + has a molecular weight of 32 to 200 g / mol. In one embodiment, the molecular weight of ammonium cation M + is at least 35 g / mol. In another embodiment, the molecular weight of ammonium cation M + is at least 40 g / mol. In another embodiment, the molecular weight of ammonium cation M + is at least 45 g / mol. In another embodiment, the molecular weight of ammonium cation M + is at least 50 g / mol. In another embodiment, the molecular weight of ammonium cation M + is at least 55 g / mol. In another embodiment, the molecular weight of ammonium cation M + is at least 60 g / mol. In another embodiment, the molecular weight of ammonium cation M + is at least 61 g / mol. In one embodiment, the molecular weight of ammonium cation M +In another embodiment, the ammonium cation M + In another embodiment, the ammonium cation M + In another embodiment, the ammonium cation M + In another embodiment, the ammonium cation M + In another embodiment, the ammonium cation M + In another embodiment, the ammonium cation M + In another embodiment, the ammonium cation M + In another embodiment, the ammonium cation M + In another embodiment, the ammonium cation M + In another embodiment, the ammonium cation M + In another embodiment, the ammonium cation M + In another embodiment, the ammonium cation M + The molecular weight of the ammonium cation M is up to 105 g / mol. + In another embodiment, the molecular weight of the ammonium cation M + In another embodiment, the molecular weight of the ammonium cation M + In another embodiment, the molecular weight of the ammonium cation M + The molecular weight of the ammonium cation M is 50 g / mol to 120 g / mol. + The molecular weight of the ammonium cation M is 55 g / mol to 110 g / mol. +The molecular weight of is 60 g / mol to 110 g / mol.

[0045] Preferably, the ammonium cation M + is represented by the formula (II)

[0046] [ka] [In the formula, R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are independently H, or unsubstituted or OH, C 1 ~C 10 -Alkoxy or hydroxy-C 1 ~C 10 -C substituted by alkoxy 1 ~C 10 -alkyl, or Substituent R 1 , R 2 or R 3 two of them together with the N atom to which they are attached form a 5- or 6-membered, saturated, partially unsaturated or fully unsaturated heterocycle containing an additional 0, 1 or 2 O or S atoms, said S atoms being independently oxidized or unoxidized; However, at least one substituent R 1 , R 2 or R 3 is not H] It can be expressed as:

[0047] Substituent R 1 , R 2 and R 3 Typically contains up to 20 carbon atoms ("C atoms"), preferably up to 18 C atoms, more preferably up to 16 C atoms, most preferably up to 14 C atoms, particularly preferably up to 12 C atoms, maximally preferably up to 10 C atoms, in particular up to 8 C atoms, for example up to 6 C atoms.

[0048] In one embodiment, the substituent R 1 , R 2and R 3 contains up to 9 C atoms. In another embodiment, the substituent R 1 , R 2 and R 3 contains up to 7 C atoms. In another embodiment, the substituent R 1 , R 2 and R 3 contains up to 5 C atoms. In another embodiment, the substituent R 1 , R 2 and R 3 contains up to 4 C atoms. In another embodiment, the substituent R 1 , R 2 and R 3 contains up to 3 C atoms.

[0049] Substituent R 1 , R 2 and R 3 contains at least 1 C atom, preferably at least 2 C atoms, more preferably at least 3 C atoms.

[0050] In one embodiment, the substituent R 1 , R 2 and R 3 contains 1 to 15 C atoms. In another embodiment, the substituent R 1 , R 2 and R 3 contains 1 to 12 C atoms. In another embodiment, the substituent R 1 , R 2 and R 3 contains 1 to 10 C atoms. In another embodiment, the substituent R 1 , R 2 and R 3 contains 2 to 12 C atoms. In another embodiment, the substituent R 1 , R 2 and R 3 contains 2 to 10 C atoms. In another embodiment, the substituent R 1 , R 2 and R 3 contains 1 to 6 C atoms. In another embodiment, the substituent R 1 , R 2 and R3 contains 1 to 4 C atoms. In another embodiment, the substituent R 1 , R 2 and R 3 contains 1 to 3 C atoms.

[0051] In one embodiment, R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are independently H, or unsubstituted or OH, C 1 ~C 10 -Alkoxy or hydroxy-C 1 ~C 10 -C substituted by alkoxy 1 ~C 10 -alkyl and at least one substituent R 1 , R 2 or R 3 is not H. In another embodiment, R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are independently H, or unsubstituted or OH, C 1 ~C 8 -Alkoxy or hydroxy-C 1 ~C 8 -C substituted by alkoxy 1 ~C 8 -alkyl and at least one substituent R 1 , R 2 or R 3 is not H. In another embodiment, R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are independently H, or unsubstituted or OH, C 1 ~C 4 -Alkoxy or hydroxy-C 1 ~C 4 -C substituted by alkoxy 1 ~C 7 -alkyl and at least one substituent R 1 , R 2 or R 3 is not H. In another embodiment, R 1 , R 2 and R 3is independently H, or unsubstituted or OH, C 1 ~C 4 -alkoxy or hydroxy-C 1 ~C 4 -alkoxy-substituted C 1 ~C 3 -alkyl, with at least one substituent R 1 、R 2 or R 3 is not H. In another embodiment, R 1 、R 2 and R 3 are independently H, or unsubstituted or OH, C 1 ~C 2 -alkoxy or hydroxy-C 1 ~C 2 -alkoxy-substituted C 1 ~C 3 -alkyl, with at least one substituent R 1 、R 2 or R 3 is not H.

[0052] In another embodiment, two of the substituents R 1 、R 2 or R 3 together with the N atom to which they are attached form a 5- or 6-membered, saturated, partially unsaturated or fully unsaturated heterocycle containing additionally 0, 1 or 2 O or S atoms, said S atom being oxidized or unoxidized, and the remaining substituent R 1 、R 2 or R 3 is either H, or unsubstituted or OH, C 1 ~C 10 -alkoxy or hydroxy-C 1 ~C 10 -alkoxy-substituted C 1 ~C 10 -alkyl.

[0053] In another embodiment, the substituents R 1 、R 2 or R 3two of them together with the N atom to which they are attached form a 5- or 6-membered, saturated, partially unsaturated or fully unsaturated heterocycle containing additionally 0, 1 or 2 O or S atoms, said S atoms being not oxidized, and the remaining substituents R 1 , R 2 or R 3 is H, or unsubstituted or OH, C 1 ~C 4 -Alkoxy or hydroxy-C 1 ~C 4 -C substituted by alkoxy 1 ~C 4 -alkyl.

[0054] In another embodiment, the substituent R 1 , R 2 or R 3 two of them together with the N atom to which they are attached form a 5- or 6-membered, saturated, partially unsaturated or fully unsaturated heterocycle containing additionally 0, 1 or 2 O or S atoms, said S atoms being not oxidized, and the remaining substituents R 1 , R 2 or R 3 is H or C which is unsubstituted or substituted by OH 1 ~C 3 -alkyl.

[0055] In another embodiment, the substituent R 1 , R 2 or R 3 two of them together with the N atom to which they are attached form a 6-membered saturated, partially unsaturated or fully unsaturated heterocycle containing additionally 0, 1 or 2 O or S atoms, said S atoms being not oxidized, and the remaining substituents R 1 , R 2 or R 3 is H or C which is unsubstituted or substituted by OH 1 ~C 2 -alkyl.

[0056] Ammonium cation M+ is typically an amine selected from protonated ethanolamine, diethanolamine, diglycolamine, 1-aminopropan-2-ol, 2-dimethylaminoethanol, 2-(butylamino)ethanol, 2-diethylaminoethanol, 2-(tert-butylamino)ethanol, N-(tert-butyl)diethanolamine, triethanolamine, 2-ethylaminoethanol, 2-aminoheptane, triisopropylamine, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)morpholine, N-methylmorpholine, N-butyldiethanolamine, 2-(dibutylamino)ethanol and mixtures thereof.

[0057] In one embodiment, the ammonium cation M + is protonated ethanolamine (also called ethanolammonium; or monoethanolammonium, CAS number 141-43-5). In another embodiment, the ammonium cation M + is protonated diethanolamine (diethanolammonium). In another embodiment, the ammonium cation M + is protonated diglycolamine (diglycolammonium). In another embodiment, the ammonium cation M + is protonated 1-aminopropan-2-ol. In another embodiment, the ammonium cation M + is protonated 2-dimethylaminoethanol. In another embodiment, the ammonium cation M + is protonated 2-(butylamino)ethanol. In another embodiment, the ammonium cation M + is protonated 2-diethylaminoethanol. In another embodiment, the ammonium cation M + is protonated 2-(tert-butylamino)ethanol. In another embodiment, the ammonium cation M + is protonated N-(tert-butyl)diethanolamine (N-(tert-butyl)diethanolammonium). In another embodiment, the ammonium cation M +is protonated triethanolamine (triethanolammonium). In another embodiment, the ammonium cation M + is protonated 2-ethylaminoethanol. In another embodiment, the ammonium cation M + is protonated 2-aminoheptane. In another embodiment, the ammonium cation M + is triisopropylamine (triisopropylammonium). In another embodiment, the ammonium cation M + is N-(2-hydroxyethyl)morpholine. In another embodiment, the ammonium cation M + is protonated N-methylmorpholine. In another embodiment, the ammonium cation M + is protonated N-butyldiethanolamine (N-butyldiethanolammonium). In another embodiment, the ammonium cation M + is protonated 2-(dibutylamino)ethanol.

[0058] In another embodiment, the ammonium cation M + is a protonated amine selected from triethanolamine, 2-ethylaminoethanol, 2-aminoheptane, triisopropylamine, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)morpholine, N-methylmorpholine, N-butyldiethanolamine, 2-(dibutylamino)ethanol, or mixtures thereof.

[0059] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a compound of formula (I) [In the formula, R is C 10 ~C 14 -alkyl, Each A is independent

[0060] [ka] It is based on Where: R A , R B , R Cand R D are independently H, CH 3 or CH 2 CH 3 where R A , R B , R C and R D The total number of C atoms is at most 2, M + is an ammonium cation of a primary, secondary or tertiary amine having a molecular weight of 32 to 200 g / mol, The subscript x is a number between 1 and 5. Regarding.

[0061] In another embodiment, the present invention provides a compound of formula (I) [In the formula, R is C 10 ~C 14 -alkyl, Each A is independent

[0062] [ka] It is based on Where: R A , R B , R C and R D is H, M + is an ammonium cation of a primary, secondary or tertiary amine having a molecular weight of 32 to 190 g / mol, The subscript x is a number between 1 and 5. Regarding.

[0063] In another embodiment, the present invention provides a compound of formula (I) [In the formula, R is C 10 ~C 14 -alkyl, Each A is independent

[0064] [ka] It is based on Where: R A , R B , R C and R D is H, M + is an ammonium cation of a primary, secondary or tertiary amine having a molecular weight of 32 to 190 g / mol, The subscript x is a number between 1 and 5. Regarding.

[0065] In another embodiment, the present invention provides a compound of formula (I) [In the formula, R is C 10 ~C 14 -alkyl, Each A is independent

[0066] [ka] It is based on Where: R A , R B , R C and R D is H, M + is an ammonium cation of a primary, secondary or tertiary amine having a molecular weight of 60 to 110 g / mol, The subscript x is a number between 1 and 5. Regarding.

[0067] In another embodiment, the present invention provides a compound of formula (I) [In the formula, R is C 12 -alkyl, Each A is independent

[0068] [ka] It is based on Where: R A , R B , R C and RD is H, M + is an ammonium cation of a primary, secondary or tertiary amine having a molecular weight of 60 to 110 g / mol, and the subscript x is a number from 1 to 3] relates to.

[0069] In another embodiment, the present invention provides a compound of formula (I) [wherein, R is C 12 -alkyl, each A is independently

[0070]

Chemical formula

[0071]

Chemical formula

[0072] In another embodiment, the present invention provides a compound of formula (I) [In the formula, R is C 12 -alkyl, Each A is independent

[0073] [ka] It is based on Where: R A , R B , R C and R D is H, The subscript x is a number between 1 and 3, M + is an amine selected from the group consisting of protonated ethanolamine, diethanolamine, diglycolamine, 1-aminopropan-2-ol, 2-dimethylaminoethanol, 2-(butylamino)ethanol, 2-diethylaminoethanol, 2-(tert-butylamino)ethanol, N-(tert-butyl)diethanolamine, triethanolamine, 2-ethylaminoethanol, 2-aminoheptane, triisopropylamine, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)morpholine, N-methylmorpholine, N-butyldiethanolamine, 2-(dibutylamino)ethanol, and mixtures thereof. Regarding.

[0074] In another embodiment, the present invention provides a compound of formula (I) [In the formula, R is C 12-alkyl, Each A is independent

[0075] [ka] It is based on Where: R A , R B , R C and R D is H, The subscript x is a number between 1 and 3, M + is a protonated amine selected from ethanolamine, diethanolamine, diglycolamine, 1-aminopropan-2-ol, 2-dimethylaminoethanol and mixtures thereof, preferably selected from diethanolamine and 1-aminopropan-2-ol. Regarding.

[0076] In another embodiment, the present invention provides a compound of formula (I) [In the formula, R is linear C 12 -alkyl(lauryl), Each A is independent

[0077] [ka] It is based on Where: R A , R B , R C and R D is H, The subscript x is a number from 1 to 3, preferably from 1.5 to 2.5; M + is ethanolammonium] Regarding.

[0078] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a) a protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase inhibitor or an agriculturally acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer or N-oxide thereof; b) A compound of formula (I) [R-(A) x -OSO 3 - ]-M + (I) [In the formula, R is C 10 ~C 16 -Alkyl, C 10 ~C 16 -alkenyl or C 10 ~C 16 -alkynyl, preferably linear C12-alkyl, Each A is independent

[0079] [ka] It is based on Where: R A , R B , R C and R D are independently H, CH 3 or CH 2 CH 3 where R A , R B , R C and R D The total number of C atoms in R is at most 2, and preferably R A , R B , R C and R D is H, M + is a monovalent cation, preferably the ammonium cations of primary, secondary and tertiary amines, as well as quaternary ammonium cations (wherein the molecular weight of the ammonium cation or of the quaternary ammonium cation is 32 to 200 g / mol), preferably ethanolammonium or sodium, and mixtures thereof; The subscript x is a number between 1 and 10. The present invention does not relate to liquid herbicidal compositions comprising:

[0080] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a) glufosinate or a salt thereof, b) an amine component selected from primary, secondary, and tertiary amines and their ammonium salts, and quaternary ammonium salts, in which the molecular weight of the primary, secondary, or tertiary amine, the ammonium cation in the ammonium salt, or the quaternary ammonium cation in the quaternary ammonium salt is 32 to 200 g / mol, preferably ethanolamine; c) A compound of formula (I) [R-(A) x -OSO 3 - ]-M + (I) [In the formula, R is C 10 ~C 16 -Alkyl, C 10 ~C 16 -alkenyl or C 10 ~C 16 -Alkynyl, preferably linear C 12 -alkyl, Each A is independent

[0081] [ka] It is based on Where: R A , R B , R C and R D are independently H, CH 3 or CH 2 CH 3 where R A , R B , R C and R D The total number of C atoms in R is at most 2 (preferably R A , R B , R C and R D is H), M +is a monovalent cation, preferably different from the ammonium cation in an ammonium salt of a primary, secondary or tertiary amine, or the quaternary ammonium cation in a quaternary ammonium salt, The subscript x is a number between 1 and 10. The present invention does not relate to liquid herbicidal compositions comprising:

[0082] The present invention also relates to an agrochemical composition comprising a compound of formula (I) as defined above and an agrochemically active ingredient.

[0083] The agrochemical composition may contain the compound of formula (I) in a concentration of at least 1% by weight, preferably at least 5% by weight, more preferably at least 10% by weight, most preferably at least 20% by weight (e.g. more than 25% by weight, e.g. at least 26% by weight, preferably at least 27% by weight, more preferably at least 28% by weight, especially at least 29% by weight), especially at least 30% by weight, especially at least 40% by weight, e.g. at least 45% by weight, based on the total weight of the agrochemical composition. The agrochemical composition may contain the compound of formula (I) in a concentration of up to 90% by weight, preferably up to 70% by weight, more preferably up to 50% by weight, based on the total weight of the agrochemical composition. The agrochemical composition may contain the compound of formula (I) in a concentration of 15 to 70% by weight, preferably 25 to 60% by weight, more preferably 35 to 50% by weight, based on the total weight of the agrochemical composition. The agrochemical composition is typically a liquid agrochemical composition containing the compound of formula (I) in a dissolved state.

[0084] The pesticide active ingredient is typically present in either dissolved or suspended form in the pesticide composition.When the pesticide composition is an aqueous composition, the pesticide active ingredient is typically dissolved, for example in a soluble concentrate.When the pesticide composition is an oil-based composition, the pesticide active ingredient is typically present in particulate form as suspended particles, especially in an oil dispersion.

[0085] The agrochemical composition containing the compound of formula (I) has a relatively low kinematic viscosity and remains homogeneous even at high concentrations of the compound of formula (I). The kinematic viscosity referred to herein can be measured by a Brookfield viscometer, i.e. a rotational viscometer with a cone-plate geometry. Kinematic viscosity may be determined according to the industrial standard EN ISO 2555:2018. Typically, kinematic viscosity is measured at 25°C. In this method, the shear rate of the rotational viscometer is constantly increased and the shear stress is measured. For Newtonian fluids, the measurement results in a linear data set with a direct proportional relationship between shear stress and shear rate. For non-Newtonian fluids, the measurement results in a non-linear dependency between shear stress and shear rate. Kinematic viscosity is also called apparent viscosity and is typically determined by measuring the slope of a line passing through the origin of the coordinate system and the shear stress determined at a shear rate of 100 / s. True viscosity, which may differ from apparent viscosity for non-Newtonian fluids, is determined by calculating the slope, which is the tangent of the experimental curve measured at a shear rate of 100 / sec.

[0086] The agrochemical composition usually has a true viscosity of less than 2000 mPas, preferably less than 1000 mPas, more preferably less than 500 mPas at 20° C. The agrochemical composition usually has an apparent viscosity of less than 3000 mPas, preferably less than 1500 mPas, more preferably less than 1000 mPas at 20° C.

[0087] Agricultural chemical compositions typically contain an agriculturally effective amount of agriculturally active ingredient. The term "effective amount" refers to the amount of composition or agriculturally active ingredient that is sufficient to achieve a biological effect, such as controlling harmful fungi on cultivated plants, or to protect materials, and does not cause substantial damage to the treated plants. Such amount can vary within a wide range and depends on various factors, such as the species of pests to be controlled, the cultivated plants or materials to be treated, climatic conditions, and the specific agriculturally active ingredient used.

[0088] The pesticide composition contains a pesticide active ingredient. The term "pesticide active ingredient" refers to a substance that imparts a desired biological activity to the pesticide composition. Typically, the pesticide active ingredient is a pesticide. The pesticide active ingredient may be selected from a fungicide, an insecticide, a nematicide, an herbicide, a safener, a micronutrient, a biopesticide, a nitrification inhibitor, and / or a growth regulator. In one embodiment, the pesticide active ingredient is an insecticide. In another embodiment, the pesticide active ingredient is a fungicide, such as mefentrifluconazole. In yet another embodiment, the pesticide active ingredient is a herbicide, preferably glufosinate or a salt thereof, or a protoporphyrinogen-IX oxidase inhibitor (PPO inhibitor), such as saflufenacil. In another embodiment, the pesticide active ingredient is not a PPO inhibitor. In another embodiment, the pesticide active ingredient is not glufosinate or a salt thereof. The skilled artisan is familiar with such pesticides, which can be found, for example, in the Pesticide Manual, 16th Edition, (2013), The British Crop Protection Council, London. Suitable insecticides are those from the classes of carbamates, organophosphates, organochlorine insecticides, phenylpyrazoles, pyrethroids, neonicotinoids, spinosyns, avermectins, milbemycins, juvenile hormone analogues, alkyl halides, organotin compounds, nereistoxin analogues, benzoylureas, diacylhydrazines and METI acarizides.Suitable bactericides include dinitroanilines, allylamines, anilinopyrimidines, antibiotics, aromatic hydrocarbons, benzenesulfonamides, benzimidazoles, benzisothiazoles, benzophenones, benzothiadiazoles, benzotriazines, benzyl carbamates, carbamates, carboxamides, carboxylic acid diamides, chloronitriles, cyanoacetamide oximes, cyanoimidazoles, cyclopropanecarboxamides, dicarboximides, dihydrodioxazines, dinitrophenyl crotonates, dithiocarbamates, dithiolanes, ethyl phosphonates, ethylaminothiazolecarboxamides, guanidines, hydroxy-(2-amino)pyrimidines, hydroxyanilides, imidazoles, imidazolinones, inorganic substances, isobenzofuranones, methoxyacrylates, methoxides, methyl ... The fungicides are of the following classes: cyclocarbamates, morpholines, N-phenylcarbamates, oxazolidinedione, oximinoacetates, oximinoacetamides, peptidylpyrimidine nucleosides, phenylacetamides, phenylamides, phenylpyrroles, phenylureas, phosphonates, phosphorothiolates, phthalamic acids, phthalimides, piperazines, piperidines, propionamides, pyridazinones, pyridines, pyridinylmethylbenzamides, pyrimidineamines, pyrimidines, pyrimidinone hydrazones, pyrroloquinolinones, quinazolinones, quinolines, quinones, sulfamides, sulfamoyltriazoles, thiazolecarboxamides, thiocarbamates, thiophanates, thiophenecarboxamides, toluamides, triphenyltin compounds, triazines, triazoles.

[0089] Suitable herbicides include acetamides, amides, aryloxyphenoxypropionates, benzamides, benzofurans, benzoic acids, benzothiadiazinones, bipyridylium, carbamates, chloroacetamides, chlorocarboxylic acids, cyclohexanedione, dinitroanilines, dinitrophenols, diphenyl ethers, glycine, imidazolinones, isoxazoles, isoxazolidinones, nitriles, N-phenylphthalimides, oxadiazoles, oxazolidinedione, oxyacetamides, phenoxycarboxylic acids, phenylcarbamates, phenylpyrazoles, phenylpyrazolates, and the like. Herbicides of the following classes are preferred: phosphorus, phenylpyridazine, phosphinic acid, phosphoramidate, phosphorodithioate, phthalamate, pyrazole, pyridazinone, pyridine, pyridine carboxylic acid, pyridine carboxamide, pyrimidine dione, pyrimidinyl (thio)benzoate, quinoline carboxylic acid, semicarbazone, sulfonylaminocarbonyl triazolinone, sulfonylurea, tetrazolinone, thiadiazole, thiocarbamate, triazine, triazinone, triazole, triazolinone, triazolocarboxamide, triazolopyrimidine, triketone, uracil, urea. Preferred herbicides are salts of glufosinate, e.g. the ammonium salt of L-glufosinate, and protoporphyrinogen-IX oxidase inhibitors. Examples of PPO inhibitors are acifluorfen, acifluorfen sodium, azafenidin, bencarbazone, benzphendizone, bifenox, butafenacil, carfentrazone, carfentrazone ethyl, chlormethoxyfen, chlorphthalim, cinidonyl, cyclopyranyl, fluazolate, flufenpyr, flufenpyr ethyl, flumiclorac, flumiclorac pentyl, flumioxazin, fluoroglycofen, fluoroglycofen ethyl, fluthiacet, fluthiacet methyl, fomesafen, halosafen, lactofen, oxadiargyl, oxadiazon, oxyfluorfen, pentoxazone, profluazole, pyraclonil, pyraflufen, pyraflufen ethyl, saflufenacil, sulfentrazone, thidiazimine, thiafenacil, trifludimoxazine,Ethyl [3-[2-chloro-4-fluoro-5-(1-methyl-6-trifluoromethyl-2,4-dioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-3-yl)phenoxy]-2-pyridyloxy]acetate (CAS 353292-31-6; S-3100), N-ethyl-3-(2,6-dichloro-4-trifluoromethylphenoxy)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-1-carboxamide (CAS 452098-92-9), N-tetrahydrofurfuryl-3-(2,6-dichloro-4-trifluoromethylphenoxy)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-1-carboxamide (CAS 915396-43-9), N-ethyl-3-(2-chloro-6-fluoro-4-trifluoromethylphenoxy)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-1-carboxamide (CAS 452099-05-7), N-tetrahydrofurfuryl-3-(2-chloro-6-fluoro-4-trifluoromethylphenoxy)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-1-carboxamide (CAS 452100-03-7), 3-[7-fluoro-3-oxo-4-(prop-2-ynyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[1,4]oxazin-6-yl]-1,5-dimethyl-6-thioxo-[1,3,5]triazinane-2,4-dione (CAS 451484-50-7), 2-(2,2,7-trifluoro-3-oxo-4-prop-2-ynyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[1,4]oxazin-6-yl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-isoindole-1,3-dione (CAS 1300118-96-0), 1-methyl-6-trifluoromethyl-3-(2,2,7-trifluoro-3-oxo-4-prop-2-ynyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[1,4]oxazin-6-yl)-1H-pyrimidine-2,4-dione (CAS 1304113-05-0),Methyl (E)-4-[2-chloro-5-[4-chloro-5-(difluoromethoxy)-1H-methyl-pyrazol-3-yl]-4-fluoro-phenoxy]-3-methoxy-but-2-enoate (CAS 948893-00-3) and 3-[7-chloro-5-fluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-benzimidazol-4-yl]-1-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrimidine-2,4-dione (CAS 212754-02-4), 2-[2-chloro-5-[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]-4-fluorophenoxy]-2-methoxy-acetic acid methyl ester (CAS 1970221-16-9), 2-[2-[[3-chloro-6-[3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-2,6-dioxo-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1(2H)-pyrimidinyl]-5-fluoro-2-pyridinyl]oxy]phenoxy]-acetic acid methyl ester (CAS 2158274-96-3), 2-[2-[[3-chloro-6-[3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-2,6-dioxo-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1(2H)-pyrimidinyl]-5-fluoro-2-pyridinyl]oxy]phenoxy]acetic acid ethyl ester (CAS 2158274-50-9), methyl 2-[[3-[2-chloro-5-[4-(difluoromethyl)-3-methyl-5-oxo-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl]-4-fluoro-phenoxy]-2-pyridyl]oxy]acetate (CAS 2271389-22-9), ethyl 2-[[3-[2-chloro-5-[4-(difluoromethyl)-3-methyl-5-oxo-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl]-4-fluoro-phenoxy]-2-pyridyl]oxy]acetate (CAS 2230679-62-4), 2-[[3-[[3-chloro-6-[3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-2,6-dioxo-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1(2H)-pyrimidinyl]-5-fluoro-2-pyridinyl]oxy]-2-pyridinyl]oxy]-acetic acid methyl ester (CAS 2158275-73-9),2-[[3-[[3-chloro-6-[3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-2,6-dioxo-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1(2H)-pyrimidinyl]-5-fluoro-2-pyridinyl]oxy]-2-pyridinyl]oxy]acetic acid ethyl ester (CAS 2158274-56-5), 2-[2-[[3-chloro-6-[3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-2,6-dioxo-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1(2H)-pyrimidinyl]-5-fluoro-2-pyridinyl]oxy]phenoxy]-N-(methylsulfonyl)-acetamide (CAS 2158274-53-2), and 2-[[3-[[3-chloro-6-[3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-2,6-dioxo-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1(2H)-pyrimidinyl]-5-fluoro-2-pyridinyl]oxy]-2-pyridinyl]oxy]-N-(methylsulfonyl)-acetamide (CAS 2158276-22-1). Suitable plant growth regulators are antiauxins, auxins, cytokinins, defoliants, ethylene regulators, ethylene releasing agents, gibberellins, growth inhibitors, morphactins, dwarfing agents, growth stimulants and further unclassified plant growth regulators. Suitable micronutrients are compounds containing boron, zinc, iron, copper, manganese, chlorine and molybdenum.

[0090] The pesticide composition may contain the pesticide active ingredient in a concentration of at least 1% by weight, preferably at least 5% by weight, more preferably at least 10% by weight, most preferably at least 25% by weight, especially at least 30% by weight, based on the total weight of the pesticide composition. The pesticide composition may contain the pesticide active ingredient in a concentration of up to 90% by weight, preferably up to 70% by weight, more preferably up to 50% by weight, based on the total weight of the pesticide composition. The pesticide composition may contain the pesticide active ingredient in a concentration of 1-70% by weight, preferably 1-60% by weight, more preferably 5-50% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0091] The pesticide composition relates to any conventional type of pesticide composition, such as a solution, emulsion, suspension, dust, powder, paste, granule, pressurized formation, capsule, and mixtures thereof. Examples of composition types are suspensions (e.g., SC, OD, FS), emulsions (e.g., EC), emulsions (e.g., EW, EO, ES, ME), capsules (e.g., CS, ZC), pastes, pastilles, wettable powders or dusts (e.g., WP, SP, WS, DP, DS), pressurized formations (e.g., BR, TB, DT), granules (e.g., WG, SG, GR, FG, GG, MG), pesticidal articles (e.g., LN), and gel formulations (e.g., GF) for the treatment of plant propagation materials such as seeds. These types and further composition types are defined in the "Catalogue of pesticide formulation types and international coding system", Technical Monograph No. 2, 6th Edition, May 2008, CropLife International. The pesticide composition is typically a liquid composition, i.e., it contains a liquid continuous phase. Typically, the pesticide composition is an aqueous pesticide composition or a pesticide composition having a continuous oily phase containing a non-aqueous organic solvent. Preferred formulation types of the pesticide composition are solution formulations, emulsion formulations and dispersion formulations, more preferably solution formulations, suspension concentrates and oil dispersion formulations.

[0092] Accordingly, the pesticide composition may contain water. Typically, the pesticide composition contains water at a concentration of at least 1% by weight, preferably at least 5% by weight, more preferably at least 10% by weight. The pesticide composition may contain water at a concentration of up to 50% by weight, preferably up to 40% by weight, more preferably up to 30% by weight, particularly up to 25% by weight. The pesticide composition typically contains water at a concentration of 5 - 35% by weight, preferably 10 - 30% by weight. When the concentration of water in the pesticide composition is at least 5% by weight, such a composition may be referred to as an aqueous composition.

[0093] The agrochemical composition may also comprise at least one organic solvent. Typically, the agrochemical composition comprises an organic solvent in a concentration of at least 1% by weight, preferably at least 5% by weight, more preferably at least 15% by weight. The agrochemical composition may comprise an organic solvent in a concentration of up to 60% by weight, preferably up to 50% by weight, more preferably up to 45% by weight, especially up to 35% by weight. The agrochemical composition comprises an organic solvent in a concentration of typically 5-50% by weight, preferably 10-40% by weight. When the concentration of water in the agrochemical composition is at least 20% by weight, such a composition may be referred to as an "oily" composition. Suitable organic solvents are defined herein below. Organic solvents having a water solubility of at least 1% by weight at 20°C, preferably at least 10% by weight at 20°C, are preferred.

[0094] Suitable organic solvents are aliphatic hydrocarbons, preferably aliphatic C 5 ~C 16 -Hydrocarbons, more preferably C 5 ~C 16 -alkane or C 5 ~C 16 - cycloalkanes, such as pentane, hexane, cyclohexane or petroleum ether; aromatic hydrocarbons, preferably aromatic C 6 ~C 10 - Hydrocarbons, such as benzene, toluene, o-, m- and p-xylene; halogenated hydrocarbons, preferably halogenated aliphatic C 1 ~C 6 -Alkane or halogenated aromatic C 6 ~C 10 Hydrocarbons, e.g. CH 2 Cl 2 , CHCl 3 , CCl 4 , C.H. 2 ClCH 2 Cl, CCl 3 CH 3 , CHCl 2 CH 2 Cl, CCl 2 CCl 2 or chlorobenzene; ether, preferably C 1 ~C 6-Cycloalkyl ether, C 1 ~C 6 -Alkyl-C 1 ~C 6 -Alkyl ether and C 1 ~C 6 -Alkyl-C 6 ~C 10 -Aryl ether, e.g., CH 3 CH 2 OCH 2 CH 3 、(CH 3 ) 2 CHOCH(CH 3 ) 2 、CH 3 OC(CH 3 ) 3 (MTBE), CH 3 OCH 3 (DME), CH 3 OCH 2 CH 2 OCH 3 、Dioxane, anisole and tetrahydrofuran (THF); Esters, preferably aliphatic C 1 ~C 6 -Alcohol of aliphatic C 1 ~C 6 -Carboxylic acid ester, aromatic C 6 ~C 10 -Alcohol of aromatic C 6 ~C 10 -Carboxylic acid ester, ω-hydroxy-C 1 ~C 6 -Carboxylic acid cyclic ester, e.g., CH 3 C(O)OCH 2 CH 3 、CH 3 C(O)OCH 3 、CH 3 C(O)OCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 、CH 3 C(O)OCH(CH 3 )CH 2 CH 3 、CH 3 C(O)OC(CH 3 )、CH 3CH 2 CH 2 C(O)OCH 2 CH 3 , C.H. 3 CH(OH)C(O)OCH 2 CH 3 , C.H. 3 CH(OH)C(O)OCH 3 , C.H. 3 C(O)OCH 2 CH(CH 3 ) 2 , C.H. 3 C(O)OCH(CH 3 ) 2 , C.H. 3 CH 2 C(O)OCH 3 , benzyl benzoate and γ-butyrolactone; carbonates, such as ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, CH 3 CH 2 OC(O)OCH 2 CH 3 and C.H. 3 OC(O)OCH 3 nitriles, preferably C 1 ~C 6 -nitriles, e.g., CH 3 CN and CH 3 CH 2 CN; ketones, preferably C 1 ~C 6 -Alkyl-C 1 ~C 6 -Alkyl ketones, e.g., CH 3 C(O)CH 3 , C.H. 3 C(O)CH 2 CH 3 , C.H. 3 CH 2 C(O)CH 2 CH 3 and C.H. 3 C(O)C(CH 3 ) 3 (MTBK); alcohol, preferably C 1 ~C 4 -Alcohols, e.g. CH 3 OH, CH 3 CH 2 OH, CH 3CH 2 CH 2 OH, CH 3 CH(OH)CH 3 , C.H. 3 (CH 2 ) 3 OH, C(CH 3 ) 3 OH, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, propylene glycol monomethyl ether (1-methoxy-2-propanol); amide and urea derivatives, preferably dimethylformamide (DMF), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), dimethylacetamide (DMA), 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI), 1,3-dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2(1H)-pyrimidinone (DMPU), hexamethylphosphamide (HMPA); and also dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and sulfolane. Preferred solvents are propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol and propylene glycol monomethyl ether, more preferably propylene glycol and dipropylene glycol.

[0095] The agrochemical composition is prepared by known methods, for example, as described in Mollet and Grubemann, Formulation technology, Wiley VCH, Weinheim, 2001; or Knowles, New developments in crop protection product formulation, Agrow Reports DS243, T&F Informa, London, 2005. Typically, the agrochemical composition is prepared by contacting a compound of formula (I) with an agrochemical active ingredient. In one embodiment, the method includes a step of contacting water with a compound of formula (I), an agrochemical active ingredient, and the order of contact is not particularly important. In another embodiment, the method includes a step of contacting an organic solvent with an agrochemical active ingredient, and the order of contact is not particularly important, and the resulting mixture is typically ground to produce a suspension having a particle size D50 of 1.5 to 15 μm.

[0096] The present invention also relates to a method for stabilizing an agrochemical composition comprising an agrochemically active ingredient as defined herein at low temperatures, for example at temperatures between −40 and 10° C., for example at temperatures between −35 and 5° C., for example at temperatures between −10 and 5° C., comprising contacting a compound of formula (I) with the agrochemically active ingredient. In one embodiment, the method comprises contacting water with the compound of formula (I), the agrochemically active ingredient, the order of contacting being not particularly important. In another embodiment, the method comprises contacting an organic solvent with the agrochemically active ingredient, the order of contacting being not particularly important, and the resulting mixture is typically ground to produce a suspension having a particle size D50 of 1.5 to 15 μm.

[0097] The agrochemical composition typically comprises at least one auxiliary. Suitable auxiliary agents are solvents, liquid carriers, solid carriers or fillers, surfactants, dispersants, emulsifiers, wetting agents, adjuvants, solubilizers, penetration enhancers, protective colloids, adhesives, thickeners, moisturizers, repellents, attractants, feeding stimulants, compatibilizers, bactericides, antifreeze agents, antifoaming agents, colorants, tackifiers and binders.

[0098] Suitable solvents and liquid carriers are water and organic solvents.

[0099] Suitable solid carriers or fillers are mineral earths, such as silicates, silica gel, talc, kaolin, limestone, lime, chalk, clay, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, bentonite, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide; polysaccharides, such as cellulose, starch; fertilizers, such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, urea; products of vegetable origin, such as grain flour, bark flour, wood flour, nut shell flour and mixtures thereof.

[0100] Suitable surfactants are surface active compounds, such as anionic, cationic, nonionic and amphoteric surfactants, block polymers, polyelectrolytes and mixtures thereof.Such surfactants can be used as emulsifiers, dispersants, solubilizers, wetting agents, penetration enhancers, protective colloids or adjuvants.Examples of surfactants are listed in McCutcheon's, Vol.1: Emulsifiers & Detergents, McCutcheon's Directories, Glen Rock, USA, 2008 (International or North American Edition).

[0101] Suitable anionic surfactants are the alkali, alkaline earth or ammonium salts of sulfonates, sulfates, phosphates, carboxylates and their mixtures.Examples of sulfonates are alkylarylsulfonates, diphenylsulfonates, alpha-olefinsulfonates, ligninsulfonates, sulfonates of fatty acids and oils, sulfonates of ethoxylated alkylphenols, sulfonates of alkoxylated arylphenols, sulfonates of condensed naphthalenes, sulfonates of dodecyl and tridecylbenzenes, sulfonates of naphthalenes and alkylnaphthalenes, sulfosuccinates or sulfosuccinamates.Examples of sulfates are the sulfates of fatty acids and oils, of ethoxylated alkylphenols, of alcohols, of ethoxylated alcohols or fatty acid esters.Examples of phosphates are phosphoric acid esters.Examples of carboxylates are alkyl carboxylates, and carboxylated alcohol or alkylphenol ethoxylates.

[0102] Suitable nonionic surfactants are alkoxylates, N-substituted fatty acid amides, amine oxides, esters, sugar-based surfactants, polymeric surfactants and mixtures thereof. Examples of alkoxylates are compounds that are alkoxylated with 1 to 50 equivalents, such as alcohols, alkylphenols, amines, amides, arylphenols, fatty acids or fatty acid esters. Ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide, preferably ethylene oxide, can be used for the alkoxylation. Examples of N-substituted fatty acid amides are fatty acid glucamides or fatty acid alkanolamides. Examples of esters are fatty acid esters, glycerol esters or monoglycerides. Examples of sugar-based surfactants are sorbitan, ethoxylated sorbitan, sucrose esters and glucose esters or alkyl polyglucosides. Examples of polymeric surfactants are homopolymers or copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone, vinyl alcohol or vinyl acetate.

[0103] Suitable cationic surfactants are quaternary surfactants, such as quaternary ammonium compounds with one or two hydrophobic groups or salts of long-chain primary amines.Suitable amphoteric surfactants are alkylbetaines and imidazolines.Suitable block polymers are block polymers of the AB or ABA type, including blocks of polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide, or of the ABC type, including blocks of alkanol, polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide.Suitable polyelectrolytes are polyacids or polybases.Examples of polyacids are polyacrylic acid or alkali salts of comb polymers of polyacids.Examples of polybases are polyvinylamines or polyethyleneamines.

[0104] Suitable adjuvants are compounds that have negligible or no pesticidal biological activity themselves and improve the biological performance of compound I against the target. Examples are surfactants, mineral or vegetable oils and other adjuvants. Further examples are listed by Knowles in Adjuvants and additives, Agrow Reports DS256, T&F Informa UK, 2006, chapter 5.

[0105] Suitable thickeners are polysaccharides (e.g. xanthan gum, carboxymethylcellulose), organoclays (organically modified or not), polycarboxylates and silicates.Suitable bactericides are bronopol and isothiazolinone derivatives such as alkylisothiazolinones and benzoisothiazolinones.Suitable antifreeze agents are ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, urea and glycerin.

[0106] Suitable defoamers are silicones, long-chain alcohols and salts of fatty acids. Silicone-based defoamers, such as polydimethylsiloxanes (e.g. SAG 1572 available from Momentive, Silcolapse-481 or Silcolapse-482 available from Elkem), are particularly preferred for agrochemical compositions containing glufosinate. Silicone-based defoamers suitable in the context of glufosinate are also described in WO2005 / 117590A2.

[0107] Suitable colorants (e.g. red, blue or green) are pigments with low water solubility and dyes that are water soluble. Examples are inorganic colorants (e.g. iron oxide, titanium oxide, iron hexacyanoferrate) and organic colorants (e.g. alizarin, azo and phthalocyanine colorants). Suitable tackifiers or binders are polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylates, biological or synthetic waxes and cellulose ethers.

[0108] Examples of composition types and their preparation are as follows:

[0109] i) Water-soluble concentrates (SL, LS) 10-60% by weight of the pesticide active ingredient and 5-60% by weight of the compound of formula (I) are dissolved in water and / or a water-soluble solvent (e.g. alcohol) making up a total of 100% by weight. The active substances dissolve upon dilution with water.

[0110] ii) Dispersible Concentrate (DC) 5-25% by weight of the pesticide active ingredient, 5-60% by weight of the compound of formula (I) and 1-10% by weight of a dispersant (e.g. polyvinylpyrrolidone) are dissolved in an organic solvent (e.g. cyclohexanone) so that the total is 100% by weight. Dilution with water gives a dispersion.

[0111] iii) Emulsion (EC) 15-70% by weight of the pesticide active ingredient according to the present invention, 5-10% by weight of an emulsifier (e.g., calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and castor oil ethoxylate), and 5-60% by weight of the compound of formula (I) are dissolved in a water-insoluble organic solvent (e.g., aromatic hydrocarbon) totaling 100% by weight. Dilution with water gives an emulsion.

[0112] iv) Emulsions (EW, EO, ES) 5-40% by weight of the agrochemical active ingredient according to the present invention, 1-10% by weight of an emulsifier (e.g., calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and castor oil ethoxylate) and 5-60% by weight of a compound of formula (I) are dissolved in 20-40% by weight of a water-insoluble organic solvent (e.g., aromatic hydrocarbon). This mixture is introduced into water, the total amount of which is 100% by weight, by an emulsifier, to form a uniform emulsion. Dilution with water gives the emulsion.

[0113] v) Suspensions (SC, OD, FS) In a stirred ball mill, 20-60% by weight of the agrochemical active ingredient according to the invention is milled with 2-10% by weight of dispersants and wetting agents (e.g. sodium lignosulfonate and ethoxylated alcohols), 0.1-2% by weight of a thickener (e.g. xanthan gum), 5-60% by weight of a compound of formula (I) and water making up to 100% by weight, to obtain a fine active substance suspension. Dilution with water gives a stable suspension of the active substance. For FS type compositions, up to 40% by weight of a binder (e.g. polyvinyl alcohol) is added.

[0114] vi) Water-dispersible granules and water-soluble granules (WG, SG) 50-80% by weight of the agrochemical active ingredient is mixed with a dispersant, 5-40% by weight of the compound of formula (I) and a wetting agent (e.g. sodium lignosulfonate and ethoxylated alcohol) totalling 100% by weight, finely ground and prepared as water-dispersible or water-soluble granules by technical equipment (e.g. extrusion, spray tower, fluidized bed). Upon dilution with water, a stable dispersion or solution of the active substance is obtained.

[0115] vii) Water-dispersible and water-soluble powders (WP, SP, WS) 50-80% by weight of the pesticide active ingredient is ground in a rotor-stator mill with 1-5% by weight of a dispersant (e.g. sodium lignosulfonate), 1-3% by weight of a wetting agent (e.g. ethoxylated alcohol) and 5-40% by weight of a compound of formula (I) and a solid carrier (e.g. silica gel) totaling 100% by weight. Upon dilution with water, a stable dispersion or solution of the active substance is obtained.

[0116] viii) Gel (GW, GF) In a stirred ball mill, 5-25% by weight of the pesticide active ingredient is milled with 3-10% by weight of a dispersant (e.g. sodium lignosulfonate), 1-5% by weight of a thickener (e.g. carboxymethylcellulose), 5-60% by weight of a compound of formula (I) and water making up to 100% by weight to obtain a fine suspension of the active substance. Upon dilution with water, a stable gel of the active substance is obtained.

[0117] iv) Microemulsion (ME) 5-20% by weight of the pesticide active ingredient according to the present invention is added to 5-30% by weight of an organic solvent blend (e.g., fatty acid dimethylamide and cyclohexanone), 10-25% by weight of a surfactant blend (e.g., ethoxylated alcohol and ethoxylated arylphenol) and water totaling 100% by weight. The mixture is stirred for 1 hour and a thermodynamically stable microemulsion spontaneously forms.

[0118] iv) Microcapsules (CS) An oil phase containing 5-50% by weight of an agrochemically active ingredient, 0-40% by weight of a water-insoluble organic solvent (e.g., aromatic hydrocarbon), 5-60% by weight of a compound of formula (I), 2-15% by weight of an acrylic monomer (e.g., methyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid, and di- or triacrylate) is dispersed in an aqueous solution of a protective colloid (e.g., polyvinyl alcohol). Poly(meth)acrylate microcapsules are formed by radical polymerization initiated by a radical initiator. Alternatively, an oil phase containing 5-50% by weight of an agrochemically active ingredient according to the present invention, 0-40% by weight of a water-insoluble organic solvent (e.g., aromatic hydrocarbon) and an isocyanate monomer (e.g., diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate) is dispersed in an aqueous solution of a protective colloid (e.g., polyvinyl alcohol). Addition of a polyamide (e.g., hexamethylenediamine) results in the formation of polyurea microcapsules. The monomer is 1-10% by weight. The weight percentages are with respect to the total CS composition.

[0119] ix) Dustable powder (DP, DS) 1-10% by weight of the pesticidal active ingredient according to the invention is finely ground and thoroughly mixed with a solid carrier (eg micronized kaolin) and 1-30% by weight of a compound of formula (I), making up a total of 100% by weight.

[0120] x) Granules (GR, FG) The pesticidal active ingredient of 0.5 to 30% by weight is finely ground and associated with a solid carrier (for example, silicate) and 1 to 30% by weight of the compound of formula (I) with a total of 100% by weight. Granulation is achieved by extrusion, spray drying or fluid bed.

[0121] xi) Ultra-low volume liquid (UL) 1 to 50% by weight of the pesticidal active ingredient and the compound of formula (I) are dissolved in an organic solvent (for example, aromatic hydrocarbon) with a total of 100% by weight.

[0122] Composition types i) to xi) may optionally further contain auxiliaries, for example, 0.1 to 1% by weight of a bactericide, 5 to 15% by weight of an antifreeze, 0.1 to 1% by weight of an antifoaming agent and 0.1 to 1% by weight of a colorant.

[0123] Exemplary formulation types that are suitable in the context of the present invention for glufosinate compositions are described in WO2007 / 092351A1 and WO2005 / 117583A2.

[0124] Solution for seed treatment (LS), suspoemulsion (SE), flowable concentrate (FS), dry treatment powder (DS), water-dispersible powder for slurry treatment (WS), water-soluble powder (SS), emulsion (ES), emulsifiable concentrate (EC) and gel (GF) are usually used for the purpose of treating plant propagation materials, especially seeds. In the composition in question, after dilution 2 to 10 times, a concentration of 0.01 to 60% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 40% by weight, of the pesticidal active ingredient is obtained in a preparation that can be used immediately. Application can be carried out before or during sowing. Methods of applying the pesticidal composition to plant propagation materials, especially seeds, include dressing, coating, pelleting, dusting, dipping and in-furrow application methods. Preferably, the pesticidal composition is applied to plant propagation materials by a method that does not induce germination, for example, by seed dressing, pelleting, coating and dusting.

[0125] When used in plant protection, the amount of pesticidal active ingredient is, depending on the type of effect desired, between 0.001 and 2 kg per hectare, preferably between 0.005 and 2 kg per hectare, more preferably between 0.05 and 0.9 kg per hectare, in particular between 0.1 and 0.75 kg per hectare.

[0126] When used in the protection of materials or stored products, the amount of pesticidal active ingredient applied depends on the type of application area and the desired effect. The amounts usually applied in the protection of materials are from 0.001 g to 2 kg, preferably from 0.005 g to 1 kg, of active substance per cubic meter of treated material.

[0127] Various types of oils, wetting agents, adjuvants, fertilizers or micronutrients and further pesticides (e.g. herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, growth regulators, safeners) can be added to the agrochemical composition, either as a premix or, if appropriate, only added immediately before use (tank mix). These agents can be mixed with the composition according to the invention in a weight ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, preferably 1:10 to 10:1.

[0128] The user usually applies the agrochemical composition according to the invention from a pre-dosing device, a knapsack sprayer, a spray tank, a spray plane or an irrigation system. Usually, the agrochemical composition is brought to the desired application concentration with water, buffers and / or further auxiliaries and a ready-to-use spray solution or an agrochemical composition according to the invention is thus obtained. Usually, 20 to 2000 liters, preferably 50 to 400 liters, of ready-to-use spray solution are applied per hectare of agriculturally useful area.

[0129] According to one embodiment, the individual components of the agrochemical composition according to the invention, for example parts of a kit or parts of a two- or three-component mixture, may be mixed in a spray tank by the user himself, and further auxiliaries may be added, if appropriate.

[0130] In a further embodiment, either the individual components or the partially premixed components of the composition according to the invention, e.g. the components comprising the compound of formula (I) and / or the pesticidal active substance, may be mixed by the user in a spray tank and, if appropriate, further auxiliaries and additives may be added.

[0131] In a further embodiment, either the individual or partially premixed components of the pesticidal composition according to the invention, e.g. the components comprising a compound of formula (I) and / or a pesticidal active ingredient, may be applied together (e.g. after a tank mix) or sequentially.

[0132] A particularly preferred pesticide active ingredient is glufosinate, which has the IUPAC name (2RS)-2-amino-4-[hydroxy(methyl)phosphinoyl]butyric acid or 4-[hydroxy(methyl)phosphinoyl]-DL-homoalanine) or DL-4-[hydroxyl(methyl)phosphinoyl]-DL-homoalaninate (CAS Registry Number 51276-47-2) and is also known as an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof, in particular glufosinate ammonium (IUPAC name: ammonium (2RS)-2-amino-4-(methylphosphinato)butyrate, CAS Registry Number 77182-82-2).

[0133] No. 4,168,963 describes phosphorus-containing compounds having herbicidal activity, among which in particular phosphinothricin (2-amino-4-[hydroxy(methyl)phosphinoyl]butanoic acid; common name: glufosinate) and its salts have gained commercial importance in the field of agrochemicals (agricultural chemistry).

[0134] For example, glufosinate and its salts (eg glufosinate ammonium) and their herbicidal activity are described, for example, in F. Schwerdtle et al., Z. Pflanzenkr. Pflanzenschutz, 1981, Sonderheft IX, pages 431-440.

[0135] Glufosinate as a racemate and its salts are commercially available under the trade names Basta™ and Liberty™.

[0136] Glufosinate has the following structure (IV):

[0137] [ka] The compound of formula (IV) is racemic.

[0138] Glufosinate is a racemate of two enantiomers, of which only one exhibits sufficient herbicidal activity (see, for example, US 4,265,654 and JP 92448 / 83). Various methods for preparing L-glufosinate (and the respective salts) are known, but the mixtures known in the art do not refer to stereochemistry, but rather to the presence of a racemate (e.g., WO2003024221, WO2011104213, WO2016113334, WO2009141367).

[0139] In one embodiment, the pesticide composition comprises a glufosinate racemic mixture as described above, wherein the glufosinate comprises about 50% by weight of the L-enantiomer and about 50% by weight of the D-enantiomer. In another embodiment, the pesticide composition comprises glufosinate, wherein at least 70% by weight of the glufosinate is L-glufosinate or a salt thereof. As used herein, a pesticide composition comprising glufosinate or a salt thereof, preferably (L)-glufosinate or a salt thereof, more preferably the ammonium salt of (L)-glufosinate, is referred to as a "glufosinate composition."

[0140] L-Glufosinate, which has the IUPAC name (2S)-2-amino-4-[hydroxy(methyl)phosphinoyl]butyric acid (CAS Registry Number 35597-44-5) and is also called glufosinate-P, can be obtained commercially or may be prepared as described, for example, in WO2006 / 104120, US5,530,142, EP0248357A2, EP0249188A2, EP0344683A2, EP0367145A2, EP0477902A2, EP0127429 and J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1, 1992, 1525-1529.

[0141] Preferably, the agriculturally acceptable salt of glufosinate or (L)-glufosinate is sodium, potassium or ammonium (NH 4 + ) salts, in particular, in the case of (L)-glufosinate, glufosinate-P-ammonium (IUPAC name: ammonium (2S)-2-amino-4-(methylphosphinato)butyrate, CAS registration number 73777-50-1), glufosinate-P-sodium (IUPAC name: sodium (2S)-2-amino-4-(methylphosphinato)butyrate; CAS registration number 70033-13-5) and glufosinate-P-potassium (IUPAC name: potassium (2S)-2-amino-4-(methylphosphinato)butyrate).

[0142] Thus, the mixture according to the pesticide composition may contain (L)-glufosinate ammonium or (L)-glufosinate sodium or (L)-glufosinate potassium as the (L)-glufosinate salt, and (L)-glufosinate as the free acid, preferably (L)-glufosinate. Pesticide compositions containing (L)-glufosinate ammonium are especially preferred.

[0143] The term "glufosinate" as used in the present invention typically comprises, in one embodiment of the invention, about 50% by weight of the L-enantiomer and about 50% by weight of the D-enantiomer, in another embodiment of the invention, more than 70% by weight of the L-enantiomer, preferably more than 80% by weight of the L-enantiomer, more preferably more than 90% by weight of the L-enantiomer, and most preferably more than 95% by weight of the L-enantiomer, and can be prepared as referenced above.

[0144] Thus, in one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for producing a composition comprising: a) glufosinate or a salt thereof, preferably the ammonium salt of glufosinate, and b) A compound of formula (I) The present invention relates to a glufosinate composition comprising:

[0145] In another embodiment, the present invention provides a) glufosinate or a salt thereof, preferably L-glufosinate or a salt thereof, and b) A compound of formula (I) [In the formula, R is C 10 ~C 14 -alkyl, Each A is independent

[0146] [ka] It is based on Where: R A , R B , R C and R D is H, M + is an ammonium cation of a primary, secondary or tertiary amine having a molecular weight of 32 to 190 g / mol, The subscript x is a number between 1 and 5. The present invention relates to an agrochemical composition comprising:

[0147] In another embodiment, the present invention provides a) glufosinate or a salt thereof, preferably the ammonium salt of glufosinate, and b) A compound of formula (I) [In the formula, R is C 12 -alkyl, preferably linear C 12 -alkyl, Each A is independent

[0148] [ka] It is based on Where: R A , R B , R C and R D is H, The subscript x is a number between 1 and 3, M + is represented by the formula (II)

[0149] [ka] is the ammonium cation, Where: R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are independently H, or unsubstituted or OH, C 1 ~C 10 -Alkoxy or hydroxy-C 1 ~C 10 -C substituted by alkoxy 1 ~C 10 -alkyl, or Substituent R 1 , R 2 or R 3 two of them together with the N atom to which they are attached form a 5- or 6-membered, saturated, partially unsaturated or fully unsaturated heterocycle containing an additional 0, 1 or 2 O or S atoms, said S atoms being independently oxidized or unoxidized; However, at least one substituent R 1 , R 2 or R3 is not H, and is preferably ethanolammonium. The present invention relates to a glufosinate composition comprising:

[0150] In another embodiment, the present invention provides a) glufosinate or a salt thereof, preferably the ammonium salt of glufosinate, and b) A compound of formula (I) [In the formula, R is C 12 -alkyl, preferably linear C 12 -alkyl, Each A is independent

[0151] [ka] It is based on Where: R A , R B , R C and R D is H, The subscript x is a number between 1 and 3, M + is an amine selected from the group consisting of protonated ethanolamine, diethanolamine, diglycolamine, 1-aminopropan-2-ol, 2-dimethylaminoethanol, 2-(butylamino)ethanol, 2-diethylaminoethanol, 2-(tert-butylamino)ethanol, N-(tert-butyl)diethanolamine, triethanolamine, 2-ethylaminoethanol, 2-aminoheptane, triisopropylamine, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)morpholine, N-methylmorpholine, N-butyldiethanolamine, 2-(dibutylamino)ethanol and mixtures thereof, preferably ethanolammonium. The present invention relates to a glufosinate composition comprising:

[0152] Another particularly preferred group of pesticide active ingredients are the PPO inhibitors described above. A pesticide composition comprising a pesticide active ingredient selected from the PPO inhibitors is referred to as a "PPO composition."

[0153] Thus, in one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for producing a composition comprising: a) PPO inhibitors or agriculturally acceptable salts, stereoisomers, tautomers or N-oxides thereof, and b) A compound of formula (I) The present invention relates to a PPO composition comprising:

[0154] In another embodiment, the present invention provides a) PPO inhibitor or a salt thereof, and b) A compound of formula (I) [In the formula, R is C 10 ~C 14 -alkyl, Each A is independent

[0155] [ka] It is based on Where: R A , R B , R C and R D is H, M + is an ammonium cation of a primary, secondary or tertiary amine having a molecular weight of 32 to 190 g / mol, The subscript x is a number between 1 and 5. The present invention relates to a PPO composition comprising:

[0156] In another embodiment, the present invention provides a) PPO inhibitors or agriculturally acceptable salts, stereoisomers, tautomers or N-oxides thereof, and b) A compound of formula (I) [In the formula, R is C 12 -alkyl, preferably linear C 12 -alkyl, Each A is independent

[0157] [ka] It is based on Where: R A , R B , R C and R D is H, The subscript x is a number between 1 and 3, M + is represented by the formula (II)

[0158] [ka] is the ammonium cation, Where: R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are independently H, or unsubstituted or OH, C 1 ~C 10 -Alkoxy or hydroxy-C 1 ~C 10 -C substituted by alkoxy 1 ~C 10 -alkyl, or Substituent R 1 , R 2 or R 3 two of them together with the N atom to which they are attached form a 5- or 6-membered, saturated, partially unsaturated or fully unsaturated heterocycle containing an additional 0, 1 or 2 O or S atoms, said S atoms being independently oxidized or unoxidized; However, at least one substituent R 1 , R 2 or R 3 is not H, and is preferably ethanolammonium. The present invention relates to a PPO composition comprising:

[0159] In another embodiment, the present invention provides a) PPO inhibitors or agriculturally acceptable salts, stereoisomers, tautomers or N-oxides thereof, and b) A compound of formula (I) [In the formula, R is C 12-alkyl, preferably linear C 12 -alkyl, Each A is independent

[0160] [ka] It is based on Where: R A , R B , R C and R D is H, The subscript x is a number between 1 and 3, M + is an amine selected from the group consisting of protonated ethanolamine, diethanolamine, diglycolamine, 1-aminopropan-2-ol, 2-dimethylaminoethanol, 2-(butylamino)ethanol, 2-diethylaminoethanol, 2-(tert-butylamino)ethanol, N-(tert-butyl)diethanolamine, triethanolamine, 2-ethylaminoethanol, 2-aminoheptane, triisopropylamine, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)morpholine, N-methylmorpholine, N-butyldiethanolamine, 2-(dibutylamino)ethanol and mixtures thereof, preferably ethanolammonium. The present invention relates to a PPO composition comprising:

[0161] In one embodiment, the PPO inhibitor is acifluorfen. In another embodiment, the PPO inhibitor is acifluorfen sodium. In another embodiment, the PPO inhibitor is azafenidin. In another embodiment, the PPO inhibitor is bencarbazone. In another embodiment, the PPO inhibitor is benzphendizone. In another embodiment, the PPO inhibitor is bifenox. In another embodiment, the PPO inhibitor is butafenacil. In another embodiment, the PPO inhibitor is carfentrazone. In another embodiment, the PPO inhibitor is carfentrazone ethyl. In another embodiment, the PPO inhibitor is clomethoxyfen. In another embodiment, the PPO inhibitor is chlorphthalim. In another embodiment, the PPO inhibitor is cinidon ethyl. In another embodiment, the PPO inhibitor is cyclopyranyl. In another embodiment, the PPO inhibitor is fluazolate. In another embodiment, the PPO inhibitor is flufenpyr. In another embodiment, the PPO inhibitor is flufenpyr ethyl. In another embodiment, the PPO inhibitor is flumiclorac. In another embodiment, the PPO inhibitor is flumiclorac pentyl. In another embodiment, the PPO inhibitor is flumioxazin. In another embodiment, the PPO inhibitor is fluoroglycofen. In another embodiment, the PPO inhibitor is fluoroglycofen ethyl. In another embodiment, the PPO inhibitor is fluthiacet. In another embodiment, the PPO inhibitor is fluthiacet methyl. In another embodiment, the PPO inhibitor is fomesafen. In another embodiment, the PPO inhibitor is halosafen. In another embodiment, the PPO inhibitor is lactofen. In another embodiment, the PPO inhibitor is oxadiargyl. In another embodiment, the PPO inhibitor is oxadiazon. In another embodiment, the PPO inhibitor is oxyfluorfen. In another embodiment, the PPO inhibitor is pentoxazone. In another embodiment, the PPO inhibitor is profluazole. In another embodiment, the PPO inhibitor is pyraclonil. In another embodiment, the PPO inhibitor is pyraflufen. In another embodiment, the PPO inhibitor is pyraflufen ethyl. In another embodiment, the PPO inhibitor is saflufenacil.In another embodiment, the PPO inhibitor is sulfentrazone. In another embodiment, the PPO inhibitor is thiadiazimine. In another embodiment, the PPO inhibitor is thiafenacil. In another embodiment, the PPO inhibitor is trifludimoxadine. In another embodiment, the PPO inhibitor is ethyl [3-[2-chloro-4-fluoro-5-(1-methyl-6-trifluoromethyl-2,4-dioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-3-yl)phenoxy]-2-pyridyloxy]acetate. In another embodiment, the PPO inhibitor is N-ethyl-3-(2,6-dichloro-4-trifluoromethylphenoxy)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-1-carboxamide. In another embodiment, the PPO inhibitor is N-tetrahydrofurfuryl-3-(2,6-dichloro-4-trifluoromethylphenoxy)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-1-carboxamide. In another embodiment, the PPO inhibitor is N-ethyl-3-(2-chloro-6-fluoro-4-trifluoromethylphenoxy)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-1-carboxamide. In another embodiment, the PPO inhibitor is N-tetrahydrofurfuryl-3-(2-chloro-6-fluoro-4-trifluoromethylphenoxy)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-1-carboxamide. In another embodiment, the PPO inhibitor is 3-[7-fluoro-3-oxo-4-(prop-2-ynyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[1,4]oxazin-6-yl]-1,5-dimethyl-6-thioxo-[1,3,5]triazinane-2,4-dione. In another embodiment, the PPO inhibitor is 2-(2,2,7-trifluoro-3-oxo-4-prop-2-ynyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[1,4]oxazin-6-yl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-isoindole-1,3-dione. In another embodiment, the PPO inhibitor is 1-methyl-6-trifluoromethyl-3-(2,2,7-trifluoro-3-oxo-4-prop-2-ynyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[1,4]oxazin-6-yl)-1H-pyrimidine-2,4-dione.In another embodiment, the PPO inhibitor is methyl (E)-4-[2-chloro-5-[4-chloro-5-(difluoromethoxy)-1H-methyl-pyrazol-3-yl]-4-fluoro-phenoxy]-3-methoxy-but-2-enoate. In another embodiment, the PPO inhibitor is 3-[7-chloro-5-fluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-benzimidazol-4-yl]-1-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrimidine-2,4-dione. In another embodiment, the PPO inhibitor is 2-[2-chloro-5-[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]-4-fluorophenoxy]-2-methoxy-acetic acid methyl ester. In another embodiment, the PPO inhibitor is 2-[2-[[3-chloro-6-[3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-2,6-dioxo-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1(2H)-pyrimidinyl]-5-fluoro-2-pyridinyl]oxy]phenoxy]-acetic acid methyl ester. In another embodiment, the PPO inhibitor is 2-[2-[[3-chloro-6-[3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-2,6-dioxo-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1(2H)-pyrimidinyl]-5-fluoro-2-pyridinyl]oxy]phenoxy]acetic acid ethyl ester. In another embodiment, the PPO inhibitor is methyl 2-[[3-[2-chloro-5-[4-(difluoromethyl)-3-methyl-5-oxo-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl]-4-fluoro-phenoxy]-2-pyridyl]oxy]acetate. In another embodiment, the PPO inhibitor is ethyl 2-[[3-[2-chloro-5-[4-(difluoromethyl)-3-methyl-5-oxo-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl]-4-fluoro-phenoxy]-2-pyridyl]oxy]acetate. In another embodiment, the PPO inhibitor is 2-[[3-[[3-chloro-6-[3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-2,6-dioxo-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1(2H)-pyrimidinyl]-5-fluoro-2-pyridinyl]oxy]-2-pyridinyl]oxy]-acetic acid methyl ester.In another embodiment, the PPO inhibitor is 2-[[3-[[3-chloro-6-[3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-2,6-dioxo-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1(2H)-pyrimidinyl]-5-fluoro-2-pyridinyl]oxy]-2-pyridinyl]oxy]acetic acid ethyl ester. In another embodiment, the PPO inhibitor is 2-[2-[[3-chloro-6-[3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-2,6-dioxo-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1(2H)-pyrimidinyl]-5-fluoro-2-pyridinyl]oxy]phenoxy]-N-(methylsulfonyl)-acetamide. In another embodiment, the PPO inhibitor is 2-[[3-[[3-chloro-6-[3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-2,6-dioxo-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1(2H)-pyrimidinyl]-5-fluoro-2-pyridinyl]oxy]-2-pyridinyl]oxy]-N-(methylsulfonyl)-acetamide.

[0162] Particularly preferred embodiments are summarized in sections C1 to C15 below.

[0163] C1) Compound of formula (I) [R-(A) x -OSO 3 - ]-M + (I) [In the formula, R is C 10 ~C 16 -Alkyl, C 10 ~C 16 -alkenyl or C 10 ~C 16 -alkynyl, Each A is independent

[0164] [ka] It is based on Where: R A , R B , R C and R D are independently H, CH 3 or CH 2CH 3 where R A , R B , R C and R D The total number of C atoms is at most 2, M + is an ammonium cation of a primary, secondary or tertiary amine having a molecular weight of 32 to 200 g / mol, The subscript x is a number between 1 and 10. C2) The compound according to C1, wherein the subscript x is 1 to 3. C3)R A , R B , R C and R D is H. C4) Ammonium cation M + The compound according to any one of C1 to C3, having a molecular weight of 55 to 180 g / mol. C5) Ammonium cation M + A compound according to any of C1 to C4, wherein: C6) Ammonium cation M + Formula (II)

[0165] [ka] [In the formula, R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are independently H, or unsubstituted or OH, C 1 ~C 10 -Alkoxy or hydroxy-C 1 ~C 10 -C substituted by alkoxy 1 ~C 10 -alkyl, or Substituent R 1 , R 2 or R 3two of them together with the N atom to which they are attached form a 5- or 6-membered, saturated, partially unsaturated or fully unsaturated heterocycle containing an additional 0, 1 or 2 O or S atoms, said S atoms being independently oxidized or unoxidized; However, at least one substituent R 1 , R 2 or R 3 is not H] The compound of formula (I) according to any one of C1 to C5, C7)R 1 , R 2 and R 3 A compound of formula (I) having a total of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, C6. C8) Ammonium cation M + is a protonated amine selected from ethanolamine, diethanolamine, diglycolamine, 1-aminopropan-2-ol, 2-dimethylaminoethanol, 2-(butylamino)ethanol, 2-diethylaminoethanol, 2-(tert-butylamino)ethanol, N-(tert-butyl)diethanolamine, triethanolamine, 2-ethylaminoethanol, 2-aminoheptane, triisopropylamine, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)morpholine, N-methylmorpholine, N-butyldiethanolamine, 2-(dibutylamino)ethanol and mixtures thereof. C9) Ammonium cation M + is a protonated amine selected from ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, diglycolamine, 1-aminopropan-2-ol, 2-dimethylaminoethanol and mixtures thereof. C10) An adjuvant solution comprising 40-95% by weight of a compound of formula (I) as defined in any of C1 to C9, an organic solvent and up to 5% by weight of water. C11) A solution of C10, wherein the organic solvent has a water solubility of at least 10% by weight at 20° C. C12) a) a compound of formula (I) as defined in any of C1 to C9; b) Pesticide active ingredients 13. A pesticide composition comprising: C13) The pesticide composition of C12, wherein the pesticide active ingredient is glufosinate or (L)-glufosinate or a salt thereof, preferably an ammonium salt of glufosinate or L-glufosinate. C14) The pesticide composition of C12, wherein the pesticide active ingredient is a protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase inhibitor or a salt thereof. C15) A method for controlling undesirable vegetation, comprising the step of applying an agrochemical composition as defined in any of C12 to C14 to a locus where undesirable vegetation is present or expected to be present.

[0166] Agrochemical compositions containing herbicides (hereinafter referred to as "herbicide compositions"), preferably glufosinate compositions or PPO compositions, are suitable as herbicides. These compositions therefore control vegetation in non-crop areas very efficiently, especially at high application rates. These compositions act against broadleaf weeds and grass weeds in crops, such as wheat, rice, corn, soybean and cotton, without causing any significant damage to crop plants. This effect is mainly observed at low application rates.

[0167] The herbicidal composition according to the invention is applied to the plants mainly by spraying the leaves. Here, application can be carried out by conventional spraying techniques, for example using water as a carrier, using a spray volume of about 100 to 1000 l / ha (for example 300 to 400 l / ha). The herbicidal composition can also be applied in a low or ultra-low volume manner or in the form of microgranules. Application of the herbicidal composition according to the invention can be carried out before, during and / or after, preferably during and / or after, emergence of the undesired plants.

[0168] The herbicidal composition according to the invention can be applied before or after emergence or together with the seed of crop plants.It is also possible to apply the herbicidal pesticide composition by applying the seed of crop plants pretreated with the herbicidal composition of the invention.If the active compound is not well tolerated by a particular crop plant, it can be used to use the application technique that the herbicidal composition is sprayed with the aid of spraying equipment in such a way that it contacts the leaves of sensitive crop plants as little as possible, while the active compound reaches the leaves of undesirable plants growing under the surface or the bare soil surface (after emergence, after incorporation).

[0169] In a further embodiment, the herbicidal composition according to the invention can be applied by treating plant propagation material, for example seeds. Seed treatment includes essentially all procedures familiar to the skilled artisan based on herbicidal compositions (seed dressing, seed coating, seed dusting, seed soaking, seed film coating, seed multi-layer coating, seed encrusting, seed dripping and seed pelleting). Here, the herbicidal composition can be applied diluted or undiluted. The term "seed" includes all kinds of seeds, such as corn, seeds, fruits, tubers, seedlings and similar forms. Here, the term seed preferably describes corn and seeds. The seeds used may be the seeds of the above-mentioned useful plants, but also the seeds of transgenic plants or the seeds of plants obtained by conventional breeding methods.

[0170] In addition, it may be advantageous to apply the herbicidal composition of the present invention by itself or in combination with other crop protection agents, such as agents for controlling pests or phytopathogenic fungi or bacteria, or groups of active compounds that regulate growth.Also important is the compatibility with the inorganic salt solution that is used to treat nutritional and trace element deficiencies.Non-phytotoxic oils and oil concentrates can also be added.

[0171] When used in plant protection, the amount of pesticidal active ingredient, excluding auxiliaries, of the formulation is, depending on the type of effect desired, between 0.001 and 2 kg per hectare, preferably between 0.005 and 2 kg per hectare, more preferably between 0.05 and 0.9 kg per hectare, in particular between 0.1 and 0.75 kg per hectare.

[0172] In the treatment of plant propagation material, such as seeds, for example by dusting, coating or drenching the seeds, amounts of pesticidal active ingredient of 0.1 to 1000 g, preferably 1 to 1000 g, more preferably 1 to 100 g, most preferably 5 to 100 g per 100 kilograms of plant propagation material (preferably seeds) are generally required.

[0173] When used in the protection of materials or stored products, the amount of pesticidal active ingredient applied depends on the type of application area and the desired effect. The amount usually applied in the protection of materials is 0.001 g to 2 kg, preferably 0.005 g to 1 kg, of pesticidal active ingredient per cubic meter of treated material.

[0174] In the method of the present invention, the compound of formula (I) and the pesticidal active ingredient are formulated and it is immaterial whether they are applied together or separately.

[0175] In the case of separate applications, the order in which the applications are carried out is not critical, it is only necessary that the compound of formula (I) and the pesticidal active ingredient are applied within a time frame that allows simultaneous action of the active ingredients on the plant, preferably within a time frame of up to 14 days, in particular up to 7 days.

[0176] Depending on the intended application method, the pesticide composition according to the invention can further be used on a further number of crop plants to eliminate undesirable pests, such as invertebrate pests, fungi or weeds, preferably weeds. Examples of suitable crops are: Onion (Allium cepa), pineapple (Ananas comosus), groundnut (Arachis hypogaea), asparagus (Asparagus officinalis), oats (Avena sativa), sugar beet (Beta vulgaris spec. altissima), sugar beet (Beta vulgaris spec. rapa), Brassica napus var. napus, Brassica napus var. napobrassica, Brassica rapa var.sylvestris (silvestris), Brassica oleracea, Black mustard (Brassica nigra), Tea plant (Camellia sinensis), Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius), Pecan (Carya illinoinensis), Lemon (Citrus limon), Orange (Citrus sinensis), Coffee plant (Coffea arabica (Coffea canephora, Coffea liberica)), Cucumber (Cucumis sativus), Corngrass (Cynodon dactylon), Carrot (Daucus carota), Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis), Wild strawberry (Fragaria vesca), Soybean (Glycine max), Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum, (Gossypium arboreum, Asian cotton (Gossypium herbaceum), Gossypium vitifolium, sunflower (Helianthus annuus), rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis), barley (Hordeum vulgare), hops (Humulus lupulus), sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), Chinese walnut (Juglans regia), lentil (Lens culinaris), flax (Linum usitatissimum), tomato (Lycopersicon lycopersicum), apple species (Malus spec.), cassava (Manihot esculenta), alfalfa (Medicago sativa), banana species (Musa spec.), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum (N. rustica)), olive (Olea europaea), rice (Oryza sativa), lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus), common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), Norway spruce (Picea abies), pine species (Pinus spec.), pistachio (Pistacia vera), pea (Pisum sativum), sweet cherry (Prunus avium), peach (Prunus persica), pear (Pyrus communis), apricot (Prunus armeniaca), black cherry (Prunus cerasus), almond (Prunus dulcis) and plum (prunus domestica), red currant (Ribes sylvestre), castor bean (Ricinus communis), sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum), rye (Secale cereale), white mustard (Sinapis alba), potato (Solanum tuberosum), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) (sorghum (s. vulgare)), cocoa (Theobroma cacao), cacao), red clover (Trifolium pratense), wheat (Triticum aestivum), triticale (Triticale), durum wheat (Triticum durum), broad beans (Vicia faba), grapes (Vitis vinifera), and corn (Zea mays).

[0177] The agrochemical compositions according to the invention can also be used in crop plants which have been modified by mutagenesis or genetic engineering to provide new traits in the plant or to modify traits which are already present.

[0178] The term "crop plant" as used herein also includes (crop) plants that have been modified by mutagenesis or genetic engineering to provide new traits to the plant or to modify traits that are already present.

[0179] Mutagenesis includes techniques of random mutagenesis using X-rays or mutagenic chemicals to generate mutations at specific loci in the plant genome, as well as techniques of targeted mutagenesis, which frequently use oligonucleotides or proteins, such as CRISPR / Cas, zinc finger nucleases, TALENs or meganucleases, to achieve a targeted effect.

[0180] Genetic engineering usually uses recombinant DNA techniques to create modifications in plant genomes that cannot be readily obtained by cross-breeding, mutagenesis, or natural recombination under natural circumstances. Typically, one or more genes are integrated into the genome of a plant to add or improve a trait. These integrated genes are also called transgenes in the art, and plants containing such transgenes are called transgenic plants. The process of plant transformation usually produces several transformation events, which differ in the genomic locus where the transgene is integrated. Plants that contain a particular transgene on a particular genomic locus are usually described as containing a particular "event," which is referred to by the particular event name. Traits that have been introduced or modified in plants include herbicide resistance, insect resistance, increased yield, and tolerance to abiotic conditions, such as drought, among others.

[0181] Herbicide resistance has been created by using mutagenesis and by using genetic engineering. Plants that have been made tolerant to acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides by traditional methods of mutagenesis and breeding include plant varieties sold under the name Clearfield®. However, most herbicide-tolerant traits have been created through the use of transgenes.

[0182] Herbicide tolerance has been developed to glyphosate, glufosinate, 2,4-D, dicamba, oxynil herbicides such as bromoxynil and ioxynil, sulfonylurea herbicides, ALS inhibitor herbicides and 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitors such as isoxaflutole and mesotrione.

[0183] Transgenes that have been used to confer herbicide tolerance traits include: tolerance to glyphosate: cp4 epsps, epsps grg23ace5, mepsps, 2mepsps, gat4601, gat4621 and goxv247, tolerance to glufosinate: pat and bar, tolerance to 2,4-D: aad-1 and aad-12, tolerance to dicamba: dmo, tolerance to oxynil herbicies: bxn, tolerance to sulfonylurea herbicides: zm-hra, csr1-2, gm-hra, S4-HrA, tolerance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides: csr1-2, tolerance to HPPD-inhibiting herbicides: hppdPF, W336 and avhppd-03.

[0184] Transgenic corn events containing herbicide resistance genes include, but are not limited to, DAS40278, MON801, MON802, MON809, MON810, MON832, MON87411, MON87419, MON87427, MON88017, MON89034, NK603, GA21, MZHG0JG, HCEM485, VCO-01981-5, 676, 678, 680, 33121, 4114, 59122, 98140, Bt10, Bt176, CBH-351, DBT418, DLL25, MS3, MS6, MZIR098, T25, TC1507, and TC6275.

[0185] Transgenic soybean events containing herbicide tolerance genes include, but are not limited to, GTS 40-3-2, MON87705, MON87708, MON87712, MON87769, MON89788, A2704-12, A2704-21, A5547-127, A5547-35, DP356043, DAS44406-6, DAS68416-4, DAS-81419-2, GU262, SYHT0H2, W62, W98, FG72, and CV127.

[0186] Transgenic cotton events containing herbicide resistance genes include, but are not limited to, 19-51a, 31707, 42317, 81910, 281-24-236, 3006-210-23, BXN10211, BXN10215, BXN10222, BXN10224, MON1445, MON1698, MON88701, MON88913, GHB119, GHB614, LLCotton25, T303-3, and T304-40.

[0187] Transgenic canola events containing herbicide tolerance genes include, but are not limited to, MON88302, HCR-1, HCN10, HCN28, HCN92, MS1, MS8, PHY14, PHY23, PHY35, PHY36, RF1, RF2 and RF3.

[0188] Insect resistance has been mainly created by transferring bacterial genes for insecticidal proteins into plants. The most frequently used transgenes are the toxin genes of Bacillus spec. and their synthetic variants, such as cry1A, cry1Ab, cry1Ab-Ac, cry1Ac, cry1A.105, cry1F, cry1Fa2, cry2Ab2, cry2Ae, mcry3A, ecry3.1Ab, cry3Bb1, cry34Ab1, cry35Ab1, cry9C, vip3A(a), vip3Aa20. However, genes of plant origin have also been transferred to other plants, especially genes encoding protease inhibitors, such as CpTI and pinII. A further approach uses transgenes to generate double-stranded RNA in plants that targets and downregulates insect genes. An example for such a transgene is dvsnf7.

[0189] Transgenic corn events containing genes for insecticidal proteins or double-stranded RNA include, but are not limited to, Bt10, Bt11, Bt176, MON801, MON802, MON809, MON810, MON863, MON87411, MON88017, MON89034, 33121, 4114, 5307, 59122, TC1507, TC6275, CBH-351, MIR162, DBT418, and MZIR098.

[0190] Transgenic soybean events containing genes for insecticidal proteins include, but are not limited to, MON87701, MON87751 and DAS-81419.

[0191] Transgenic cotton events containing genes for insecticidal proteins include, but are not limited to, SGK321, MON531, MON757, MON1076, MON15985, 31707, 31803, 31807, 31808, 42317, BNLA-601, Event1, COT67B, COT102, T303-3, T304-40, GFM Cry1A, GK12, MLS9124, 281-24-236, 3006-210-23, GHB119, and SGK321.

[0192] Increased yields have been produced by increasing panicle biomass using the transgene athb17 present in corn event MON87403 or by enhancing photosynthesis using the transgene bbx32 present in soybean event MON87712.

[0193] Crops containing altered oil content have been produced using the transgenes gm-fad2-1, Pj.D6D, Nc.Fad3, fad2-1A, and fatb1-A. Soybean events containing at least one of these genes are: 260-05, MON87705, and MON87769.

[0194] Tolerance to abiotic conditions, particularly drought, has been engineered using the transgene cspB contained in corn event MON87460 and by using the transgene Hahb-4 contained in soybean event IND-00410-5.

[0195] Traits are often combined by combining genes in a transformation event or by combining different events during the breeding process. Preferred combinations of traits are herbicide resistance to different groups of herbicides, insect resistance to different types of insects, especially resistance to lepidopteran and coleopteran insects, herbicide resistance and one or several types of insect resistance, herbicide resistance and increased yield, and herbicide resistance and tolerance to abiotic conditions.

[0196] Plants containing single or stacked traits, as well as the genes and events that lead to these traits, are well known in the art. For example, detailed information about mutated or integrated genes and the respective events is available on the websites of the organizations "International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications (ISAAA)" (http: / / www.isaaa.org / gmapprovaldatabase) and "Center for Environmental Risk Assessment (CERA)" (http: / / cera-gmc.org / GMCropDatabase), as well as in patent applications such as EP3028573 and WO2017 / 011288.

[0197] The use of the agrochemical composition according to the present invention on crops can result in specific effects on crops that contain specific genes or events. These effects can include changes in growth behavior or changes in resistance to biotic or abiotic stress factors. Such effects can include, in particular, increased yield, resistance or increased resistance to insects, nematodes, fungi, bacteria, mycoplasma, viral pathogens or viroid pathogens, as well as early plant vigor, early or delayed maturation, cold or heat resistance, and changes in amino acid or fatty acid spectrum or content.

[0198] Furthermore, plants that use recombinant DNA techniques to improve the production of modified amounts of components or new components, particularly raw materials, e.g., plants including potatoes (e.g. Amflora® potato, BASF SE, Germany) that produce higher amounts of amylopectin, are also covered.

[0199] Furthermore, it has been found that the herbicidal compositions according to the invention are also suitable for defoliating and / or drying plant parts, for which crop plants, such as cotton, potato, rapeseed, sunflower, soybean or field beans, in particular cotton, are suitable. In this connection, herbicidal agrochemical compositions for drying and / or defoliating plants, methods for preparing these compositions and methods for drying and / or defoliating plants using the herbicidal agrochemical compositions according to the invention have been found.

[0200] As desiccants, the herbicidal compositions according to the invention are particularly suitable for drying the above-ground parts of crop plants, such as potatoes, rapeseed, sunflowers and soybeans, but also cereals, which allows a complete mechanical harvesting of these important crop plants.

[0201] Also of economic interest is the facilitation of collection, which is made possible by concentrating dehiscence, or the reduction of attachment to the tree, in citrus fruits, olives and other species and in various apple fruits, drupes and nuts during specific periods. The same mechanism, i.e. the promotion of the development of abscission tissue between the fruit or leaf and shoot parts of the plant, is also essential for the controlled defoliation of useful plants, in particular cotton.

[0202] Additionally, the shortened time interval between maturation of individual cotton plants results in increased fiber quality after harvest.

[0203] When the pesticide composition is a glufosinate composition, the herbicide composition preferably comprises: B) including their agriculturally acceptable salts or derivatives, Herbicides of classes b1) to b15): b1) lipid biosynthesis inhibitors, b2) acetolactate synthase inhibitors (ALS inhibitors), b3) photosynthesis inhibitors, b4) Protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase inhibitors (PPO inhibitors), b5) bleaching herbicides; b6) enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase inhibitors (EPSP inhibitors), b7) glutamine synthetase inhibitors, b8) 7,8-dihydropteroate synthase inhibitors (DHP inhibitors), b9) mitotic inhibitors; b10) Very long chain fatty acid synthesis inhibitors (VLCFA inhibitors), b11) cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors, b12) decoupler herbicides; b13) auxin herbicides, b14) Auxin transport inhibitors and b15) Bromobutide, chlorflurenol, chlorflurenol methyl, cinmethylin, cumylron, dalapon, dazomet, difenzoquat, difenzoquat-methyl sulfate, dimethipine, DSMA, dymron, endothal and its salts, etobenzanide, flamprop, flamprop-isopropyl, flamprop methyl, flamprop-M-isopropyl, flamprop-M-methyl, flurenol, flurenol butyl, flurprimidol, fosamine, fosamine ammonium, indanofan, indaziflam, maleic hydrazide, mefluidide, metam, methiozoline (CAS 403640-27-7), methyl azide, methyl bromide, methyl-dymron, methyl iodide, MSMA, oleic acid, oxaziclomefone, pelargonic acid, pyributicarb, quinoclamine, triaziflam, tridiphane and other herbicides selected from the group consisting of 6-chloro-3-(2-cyclopropyl-6-methylphenoxy)-4-pyridazinol (CAS 499223-49-3) and its salts and esters, and C) Safeners The second pesticide active ingredient is selected from the group consisting of

[0204] In one embodiment, the pesticide composition contains glufosinate or a salt thereof, preferably an ammonium salt of glufosinate, more preferably an ammonium salt of L-glufosinate, and a second pesticide active ingredient selected from groups b1) to b15) and C) as defined in this specification.

[0205] Where the herbicidal compounds B and / or safeners C described herein can form geometric isomers, such as E / Z isomers, both the pure isomers and their mixtures can be used in the agrochemical compositions according to the invention.

[0206] Where the herbicide compounds B and / or safeners C described herein have one or more chiral centers and therefore exist as enantiomers or diastereomers, both the pure enantiomers and diastereomers and mixtures thereof can be used in the compositions according to the invention.

[0207] When the herbicidal compounds B and / or safeners C described herein have ionizable functional groups, they can also be used in the form of agriculturally acceptable salts. Generally, the salts of their cations and acid addition salts of their acids, whose cations and anions, respectively, do not have a deleterious effect on the activity of the active compounds, are suitable.

[0208] Preferred cations are the ions of alkali metals, preferably lithium, sodium and potassium, the ions of alkaline earth metals, preferably calcium and magnesium, and the ions of transition metals, preferably manganese, copper, zinc and iron, as well as ammonium and cations having 1 to 4 hydrogen atoms of C 1 ~C 4 -Alkyl, Hydroxy-C 1 ~C 4 -Alkyl, C 1 ~C 4 -Alkoxy-C 1 ~C 4 -Alkyl, Hydroxy-C 1 ~C 4 -Alkoxy-C 1 ~C4 -substituted ammonium ions substituted by alkyl, phenyl or benzyl, preferably ammonium, methylammonium, isopropylammonium, dimethylammonium, diethylammonium, diisopropylammonium, trimethylammonium, triethylammonium, tris(isopropyl)ammonium, heptylammonium, dodecylammonium, tetradecylammonium, tetramethylammonium, tetraethylammonium, tetrabutylammonium, 2-hydroxyethylammonium (olamine salt), 2-(2-hydroxyeth-1-oxy)eth-1-ylammonium (diglycolamine salt), di(2-hydroxyeth-1-yl)ammonium (diolamine salt), tris(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium (trolamine salt), tris(2-hydroxypropyl)ammonium, benzyltrimethylammonium, benzyltriethylammonium, N,N,N-trimethylethanolammonium (choline salt), and also phosphonium ions, sulfonium ions, preferably tri(C 1 ~C 4 -alkyl)sulfonium, such as trimethylsulfonium and sulfoxonium ions, preferably tri(C 1 ~C 4 -alkyl)sulfoxonium, and finally the salts of polybasic amines, such as the salts of N,N-bis-(3-aminopropyl)methylamine and diethylenetriamine.

[0209] Useful anions of acid addition salts include primary chloride, bromide, fluoride, iodide, hydrogen sulfate, methylsulfate, sulfate, dihydrogen phosphate, hydrogen phosphate, nitrate, bicarbonate, carbonate, hexafluorosilicate, hexafluorophosphate, benzoate, and also C 1 ~C 4 -anions of alkanoic acids, preferably formate, acetate, propionate and butyrate.

[0210] The herbicidal compounds B and / or safeners C having a carboxyl group as described herein may be used in the form of an acid, in the form of the agriculturally suitable salts mentioned above or in the form of other agriculturally acceptable derivatives, for example amides, such as mono- and di-C 1 ~C 6 - as alkyl or aryl amides, as esters, e.g. allyl esters, propargyl esters, C 1 ~C 10 - as alkyl esters, alkoxyalkyl esters, tefuryl ((tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl) esters and also as thioesters, for example C 1 ~C 10 -alkylthioesters. Preferred mono- and di-C 1 ~C 6 -Alkyl amides are methyl and dimethyl amides. Preferred aryl amides are, for example, anilides and 2-chloroanilides. Preferred alkyl esters are, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, pentyl, mexyl (1-methylhexyl), meptyl (1-methylheptyl), heptyl, octyl or isooctyl (2-ethylhexyl) esters. Preferred C 1 ~C 4 -Alkoxy-C 1 ~C 4 -Alkyl esters may be linear or branched C 1 ~C 4 -alkoxyethyl esters, for example 2-methoxyethyl, 2-ethoxyethyl, 2-butoxyethyl (butotyl), 2-butoxypropyl or 3-butoxypropyl esters. 1 ~C 10 An example of an -alkyl thioester is the ethyl thioester.

[0211] According to a first embodiment of the invention, the glufosinate composition contains as a second agrochemically active ingredient an inhibitor of lipid biosynthesis (herbicide b1). These are compounds that inhibit lipid biosynthesis. The inhibition of lipid biosynthesis can have an effect either through the inhibition of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (hereinafter the term ACC herbicides is used) or through a different mode of action (hereinafter the term non-ACC herbicides is used). ACC herbicides belong to group A of the HRAC classification system, while non-ACC herbicides belong to group N of the HRAC classification.

[0212] According to a second embodiment of the present invention, the glufosinate composition contains an ALS inhibitor (herbicide b2) as a second agrochemical active ingredient. The herbicidal activity of these compounds is based on the inhibition of acetolactate synthase and thus on the inhibition of branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis. These inhibitors belong to group B of the HRAC classification system.

[0213] According to a third embodiment of the invention, the glufosinate composition contains an inhibitor of photosynthesis (herbicide b3) as a second agrochemically active ingredient. The herbicidal activity of these compounds is based either on the inhibition of photosystem II in plants (so-called PSII inhibitors, groups C1, C2 and C3 of the HRAC classification) or on the modification of the electron transport of photosystem I in plants (so-called PSI inhibitors, group D of the HRAC classification), and thus on the inhibition of photosynthesis. Among these, PSII inhibitors are preferred.

[0214] According to a fourth embodiment of the present invention, the glufosinate composition contains as a second pesticide active ingredient an inhibitor of protoporphyrinogen-IX-oxidase (herbicide b4). The herbicidal activity of these compounds is based on the inhibition of protoporphyrinogen-IX-oxidase. These inhibitors belong to group E of the HRAC classification system.

[0215] According to a fifth embodiment of the invention, the glufosinate composition contains a bleaching herbicide (herbicide b5), preferably an HPPD inhibitor, as a second agrochemical active ingredient. The herbicidal activity of these compounds is based on the inhibition of carotenoid biosynthesis. These include compounds that inhibit carotenoid biosynthesis by inhibition of phytoene desaturase (so-called PDS inhibitors, group F1 of the HRAC classification), compounds that inhibit 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate-dioxygenase (HPPD inhibitors, group F2 of the HRAC classification), compounds that inhibit DOX synthase (group F4 of the HRAC class) and compounds that inhibit carotenoid biosynthesis by an unknown mode of action (bleaching - unknown target, group F3 of the HRAC classification).

[0216] According to a sixth embodiment of the present invention, the glufosinate composition contains an EPSP synthase inhibitor (herbicide b6) as a second pesticide active ingredient. The herbicidal activity of these compounds is based on the inhibition of enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase and thus on the inhibition of amino acid biosynthesis in plants. These inhibitors belong to group G of the HRAC classification system.

[0217] According to a seventh embodiment of the present invention, the glufosinate composition contains a glutamine synthetase inhibitor (herbicide b7) as a second pesticide active ingredient. The herbicidal activity of these compounds is based on the inhibition of glutamine synthetase and thus of amino acid biosynthesis in plants. These inhibitors belong to group H of the HRAC classification system.

[0218] According to an eighth embodiment of the present invention, the glufosinate composition contains a DHP synthase inhibitor (herbicide b8) as a second pesticide active ingredient. The herbicidal activity of these compounds is based on the inhibition of 7,8-dihydropteroate synthase. These inhibitors belong to group I of the HRAC classification system.

[0219] According to a ninth embodiment of the present invention, the glufosinate composition contains a mitosis inhibitor (herbicide b9) as a second agrochemical active ingredient. The herbicidal activity of these compounds is based on the disruption or inhibition of the formation or organization of microtubules, and thus on the inhibition of mitosis. These inhibitors belong to the K1 and K2 groups of the HRAC classification system. Among these, the compounds of the K1 group are preferred, especially the dinitroanilines.

[0220] According to a tenth embodiment of the present invention, the glufosinate composition contains a VLCFA inhibitor (herbicide b10) as a second pesticide active ingredient. The herbicidal activity of these compounds is based on the inhibition of the synthesis of very long chain fatty acids and thus on the disruption or inhibition of cell division in plants. These inhibitors belong to the K3 group of the HRAC classification system.

[0221] According to an eleventh embodiment of the present invention, the glufosinate composition contains a cellulose biosynthesis inhibitor (herbicide b11) as a second agrochemical active ingredient. The herbicidal activity of these compounds is based on the inhibition of cellulose biosynthesis and thus the inhibition of cell wall synthesis in plants. These inhibitors belong to group L of the HRAC classification system.

[0222] According to a twelfth embodiment of the present invention, the glufosinate composition contains a decoupler herbicide (herbicide b12) as a second pesticide active ingredient. The herbicidal activity of these compounds is based on the disruption of cell membranes. These inhibitors belong to group M of the HRAC classification system.

[0223] According to a thirteenth embodiment of the present invention, the glufosinate composition contains an auxin herbicide (herbicide b13) as a second pesticide active ingredient. These contain compounds that mimic auxins, i.e. plant hormones, and affect plant growth. These compounds belong to group O of the HRAC classification system.

[0224] According to a fourteenth embodiment of the present invention, the glufosinate composition contains an auxin transport inhibitor (herbicide b14) as a second pesticide active ingredient. The herbicidal activity of these compounds is based on the inhibition of auxin transport in plants. These compounds belong to the P group of the HRAC classification system.

[0225] For a given mode of action and classification of active substances, see, e.g., HRAC, Classification of Herbicides According to Mode of Action, http: / / www.plantprotection.org / hrac / MOA.html.

[0226] Examples of herbicides B that can be used as the second pesticide active ingredient in the glufosinate composition according to the invention are:

[0227] b1) from the group of lipid biosynthesis inhibitors, ACC-herbicides, for example: alloxydim, alloxydim sodium, butroxydim, clethodim, clodinafop, clodinafop propargyl, cycloxydim, cyhalofop, cyhalofop butyl, diclofop, diclofop methyl, fenoxaprop, fenoxaprop ethyl, fenoxaprop-P, fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, fluazifop, fluazifop butyl, fluazifop-P, fluazifop-P-butyl, haloxyfop, haloxyfop methyl, haloxyfop quizalofop-P, haloxyfop-P-methyl, metamifop, pinoxaden, profoxydim, propaquizafop, quizalofop, quizalofop-ethyl, quizalofop-tefuryl, quizalofop-P, quizalofop-P-ethyl, quizalofop-P-tefuryl, sethoxydim, tepraloxydim, tralkoxydim, 4-(4'-chloro-4-cyclopropyl-2'-fluoro[1,1'-biphenyl]-3-yl)-5-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-2H-pyran-3(6H)-one (CAS 1312337-72-6;4-(2',4'-dichloro-4-cyclopropyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-3-yl)-5-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-2H-pyran-3(6H)-one (CAS 1312337-45-3);4-(4'-chloro-4-ethyl-2'-fluoro[1,1'-biphenyl]-3-yl)-5-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-2H-pyran-3(6H)-one (CAS 1033757-93-5);4-(2',4'-dichloro-4-ethyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-3-yl)-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-2H-pyran-3,5(4H,6H)-dione (CAS 1312340-84-3;5-(acetyloxy)-4-(4'-chloro-4-cyclopropyl-2'-fluoro[1,1'-biphenyl]-3-yl)-3,6-dihydro-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-2H-pyran-3-one (CAS 1312337-48-6);5-(acetyloxy)-4-(2',4'-dichloro-4-cyclopropyl- [1,1'-biphenyl]-3-yl)-3,6-dihydro-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-2H-pyran-3-one;5-(Acetyloxy)-4-(4'-chloro-4-ethyl-2'-fluoro[1,1'-biphenyl]-3-yl)-3,6-dihydro-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-2H-pyran-3-one (CAS 1312340-82-1); 5-(Acetyloxy)-4-(2',4'-dichloro-4-ethyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-3-yl)-3,6-dihydro-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-2H-pyran-3-one (CAS 1033760-55-2); 4-(4'-chloro-4-cyclopropyl-2'-fluoro[1,1'-biphenyl]-3-yl)-5,6-dihydro-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-5-oxo-2H-pyran-3-yl methyl carbonate (CAS 1312337-51-1;4-(2',4'-dichloro-4-cyclopropyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-3-yl)-5,6-dihydro-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-5-oxo-2H-pyran-3-ylcarbonic acid methyl ester;4-(4'-chloro-4-ethyl-2'-fluoro[1,1'-biphenyl]-3-yl)-5,6-dihydro-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-5-oxo-2H-pyran-3-ylcarbonic acid methyl ester (CAS 1312340-83-2);4-(2',4'-dichloro-4-ethyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-3-yl)-5,6-dihydro-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-5-oxo-2H-pyran-3-ylcarbonic acid methyl ester (CAS 1033760-58-5); and non-ACC herbicides such as benfuresate, butyrate, cycloate, dalapon, dimepiperate, EPTC, esprocarb, ethofumesate, flupropanate, molinate, orbencarb, pebulate, prosulfocarb, TCA, thiobencarb, thiocarbazyl, triallate and vernolate;

[0228] b2) from the group of ALS inhibitors, Sulfonylureas, such as amidosulfuron, azimsulfuron, bensulfuron, bensulfuron methyl, chlorimuron, chlorimuron ethyl, chlorsulfuron, cinosulfuron, cyclosulfamuron, ethametsulfuron, ethametsulfuron methyl, ethoxysulfuron, flazasulfuron, flucetosulfuron, flupyrsulfuron, flupyrsulfuron methyl sodium, foramsulfuron, halosulfuron, halosulfuron methyl, imazosulfuron, iodosulfuron, iodosulfuron methyl sodium, iofensulfuron, iofensulfuronna thorium, mesosulfuron, metazosulfuron, metsulfuron, metsulfuron methyl, nicosulfuron, orthosulfamuron, oxasulfuron, primisulfuron, primisulfuron methyl, propyrisulfuron, prosulfuron, pyrazosulfuron, pyrazosulfuron ethyl, rimsulfuron, sulfometuron, sulfometuron methyl, sulfosulfuron, thifensulfuron, thifensulfuron methyl, triasulfuron, tribenuron, tribenuron methyl, trifloxysulfuron, triflusulfuron, triflusulfuron methyl and tritosulfuron, Imidazolinones such as Imazamethabenz, Imazamethabenz-methyl, Imazamox, Imazapic, Imazapyr, Imazaquin and Imazethapyr, triazolopyrimidine herbicides and sulfonanilides such as cloransulam, cloransulam-methyl, diclosulam, flumetsulam, florasulam, metosulam, penoxsulam, pyrimisulfan and pyroxisulam, Pyrimidinyl benzoates, such as Bispyribac, Bispyribac-sodium, Pyribenzoxim, Pyriftalide, Pyriminobac, Pyriminobac-methyl, Pyrithiobac, Pyrithiobac-sodium, 4-[[[2-[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)oxy]phenyl]methyl]amino]-benzoic acid-1-methylethyl ester (CAS 420138-41-6), 4-[[[2-[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)oxy]phenyl]methyl]amino]-benzoic acid propyl ester (CAS 420138-40-5), N-(4-bromophenyl)-2-[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)oxy]benzenemethanamine (CAS 420138-01-8); Sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinone herbicides, such as flucarbazone, flucarbazone sodium, propoxycarbazone, propoxycarbazone sodium, thiencarbazone and thiencarbazone methyl; and triafamone;

[0229] b3) from the group of photosynthetic inhibitors: Amicarbazons, inhibitors of photosystem II, such as 1-(6-tert-butylpyrimidin-4-yl)-2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-3-methyl-2H-pyrrol-5-one (CAS 1654744-66-7), 1-(5-tert-butylisoxazol-3-yl)-2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-3-methyl-2H-pyrrol-5-one (CAS 1637455-12-9), 1-(5-tert-butylisoxazol-3-yl)-4-chloro-2-hydroxy-3-methyl-2H-pyrrol-5-one (CAS 1637453-94-1), 1-(5-tert-butyl-1-methyl-pyrazol-3-yl)-4-chloro-2-hydroxy-3-methyl-2H-pyrrol-5-one (CAS 1654057-29-0), 1-(5-tert-butyl-1-methyl-pyrazol-3-yl)-3-chloro-2-hydroxy-4-methyl-2H-pyrrol-5-one (CAS 1654747-80-4), 4-hydroxy-1-methoxy-5-methyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridyl]imidazolidin-2-one;(CAS 2023785-78-4), 4-hydroxy-1,5-dimethyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridyl]imidazolidin-2-one (CAS 2023785-79-5), 5-ethoxy-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridyl]imidazolidin-2-one (CAS 1701416-69-4), 4-hydroxy-1-methyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridyl]imidazolidin-2-one (CAS 1708087-22-2), 4-hydroxy-1,5-dimethyl-3-[1-methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-3-yl]imidazolidin-2-one (CAS 2023785-80-8), 1-(5-tert-butylisoxazol-3-yl)-4-ethoxy-5-hydroxy-3-methyl-imidazolidin-2-one (CAS 1844836-64-1), triazine herbicides, including chlorotriazines, triazinones, triazinediones, methylthiotriazines and pyridazinones, such as ametryn, atrazine, chloridazon, cyanazine, desmetryn, dimethamethryn, hexazinone, metribuzin, prometon, prometryn, propazine, simazine, simetryn, terbumeton, terbuthylazine, terbutryn and trietazine, aryl ureas, such as chlorbromuron, chlorotoluron, chloroxuron, dimefuron, diuron, fluometuron, isoproturon, isouron, linuron, metamitron, methabenzthiazuron, metobenzuron, metoxuron, Monolinuron, Nebulon, Siduron, Tebuthiuron and Thiadiazuron, Phenylcarbamates such as Desmedipham, Carbutilate, Phenmedipham, Phenmedipham Ethyl, Nitrile Herbicides such as Bromofenoxime, Bromoxynil and its Salts and Esters, Ioxynil and its Salts and Esters, Uracils such as Bromacil, Lenacil and Terbacil, and Bentazon and Bentazon Sodium, Pyridate, Pyridafol, Pentanochlor and Propanil, and Inhibitors of Photosystem I such as Diquat, Diquat Dibromide, Paraquat, Paraquat Dichloride and Paraquat Dimethyl Sulfate;

[0230] b4) from the group of the protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase inhibitors: Acifluorfen, Acifluorfen sodium, Azafenidin, Bencarbazone, Benzphendizone, Bifenox, Butafenacil, Carfentrazone, Carfentrazone ethyl, Chlomethoxyfen, Chlorphthalim, Cinidon ethyl, Cyclopyranyl, Fluazolate, Flufenpyr, Flufenpyr ethyl, Flumiclorac, Flumiclorac pentyl, Flumioxazin, Fluoroglycofen, Fluoroglycofen ethyl, Fluthiacet, Fluthiacet methyl, Fomesafen , halosafen, lactofen, oxadiargyl, oxadiazon, oxyfluorfen, pentoxazone, profluazole, pyraclonil, pyraflufen, pyraflufen-ethyl, saflufenacil, sulfentrazone, thidiazimine, thiaphenacyl, trifludimoxadine, ethyl [3-[2-chloro-4-fluoro-5-(1-methyl-6-trifluoromethyl-2,4-dioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-3-yl)phenoxy]-2-pyridyloxy]acetate (CAS 353292-31-6; S-3100), N-ethyl-3-(2,6-dichloro-4-trifluoromethylphenoxy)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-1-carboxamide (CAS 452098-92-9), N-tetrahydrofurfuryl-3-(2,6-dichloro-4-trifluoromethylphenoxy)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-1-carboxamide (CAS 915396-43-9), N-ethyl-3-(2-chloro-6-fluoro-4-trifluoromethylphenoxy)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-1-carboxamide (CAS 452099-05-7), N-Tetrahydrofurfuryl-3-(2-chloro-6-fluoro-4-trifluoromethylphenoxy)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-1-carboxamide (CAS 452100-03-7), 3-[7-fluoro-3-oxo-4-(prop-2-ynyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[1,4]oxazin-6-yl]-1,5-dimethyl-6-thioxo-[1,3,5]triazinane-2,4-dione (CAS 451484-50-7), 2-(2,2,7-trifluoro-3-oxo-4-prop-2-ynyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[1,4]oxazin-6-yl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-isoindole-1,3-dione (CAS 1300118-96-0), 1-methyl-6-trifluoromethyl-3-(2,2,7-trifluoro-3-oxo-4-prop-2-ynyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[1,4]oxazin-6-yl)-1H-pyrimidine-2,4-dione (CAS 1304113-05-0), methyl(E)-4-[2-chloro-5-[4-chloro-5-(difluoromethoxy)-1H-methyl-pyrazol-3-yl]-4-fluoro-phenoxy]-3-methoxy-but-2-enoate (CAS 948893-00-3) and 3-[7-chloro-5-fluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-benzimidazol-4-yl]-1-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrimidine-2,4-dione (CAS 212754-02-4), 2-[2-chloro-5-[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]-4-fluorophenoxy]-2-methoxy-acetic acid methyl ester (CAS 1970221-16-9), 2-[2-[[3-chloro-6-[3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-2,6-dioxo-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1(2H)-pyrimidinyl]-5-fluoro-2-pyridinyl]oxy]phenoxy]-acetic acid methyl ester (CAS 2158274-96-3), 2-[2-[[3-chloro-6-[3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-2,6-dioxo-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1(2H)-pyrimidinyl]-5-fluoro-2-pyridinyl]oxy]phenoxy]acetic acid ethyl ester (CAS 2158274-50-9), methyl 2-[[3-[2-chloro-5-[4-(difluoromethyl)-3-methyl-5-oxo-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl]-4-fluoro-phenoxy]-2-pyridyl]oxy]acetate (CAS 2271389-22-9), Ethyl 2-[[3-[2-chloro-5-[4-(difluoromethyl)-3-methyl-5-oxo-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl]-4-fluoro-phenoxy]-2-pyridyl]oxy]acetate (CAS 2230679-62-4), 2-[[3-[[3-chloro-6-[3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-2,6-dioxo-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1(2H)-pyrimidinyl]-5-fluoro-2-pyridinyl]oxy]-2-pyridinyl]oxy]-acetic acid methyl ester (CAS 2158275-73-9), 2-[[3-[[3-chloro-6-[3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-2,6-dioxo-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1(2H)-pyrimidinyl]-5-fluoro-2-pyridinyl]oxy]-2-pyridinyl]oxy]acetic acid ethyl ester (CAS 2158274-56-5), 2-[2-[[3-chloro-6-[3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-2,6-dioxo-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1(2H)-pyrimidinyl]-5-fluoro-2-pyridinyl]oxy]phenoxy]-N-(methylsulfonyl)-acetamide (CAS 2158274-53-2), 2-[[3-[[3-chloro-6-[3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-2,6-dioxo-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1(2H)-pyrimidinyl]-5-fluoro-2-pyridinyl]oxy]-2-pyridinyl]oxy]-N-(methylsulfonyl)-acetamide (CAS 2158276-22-1);,

[0231] b5) from the group of bleaching herbicides: PDS inhibitors: beflubutamide, diflufenican, fluridone, flurochloridone, flurtamone, norflurazone, picolinafen and 4-(3-trifluoromethylphenoxy)-2-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)pyrimidine (CAS 180608-33-7), HPPD inhibitors: benzobicyclon, benzofenap, bicyclopyrone, clomazone, fenquinotrione, isoxaflutole, mesotrione, oxotrione (CAS 180608-33-7). 1486617-21-3), pyrasulfotole, pyrazolinate, pyrazoxyfene, sulcotrione, tefuryltrione, tembotrione, tolpyralate, topramezone, bleaching agents, unknown targets: aclonifen, amitrole, fluometuron, 2-chloro-3-methylsulfanyl-N-(1-methyltetrazol-5-yl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (CAS 1361139-71-0), bixlozone and 2-(2,5-dichlorophenyl)methyl-4,4-dimethyl-3-isoxazolidinone (CAS 81778-66-7);

[0232] b6) from the group of the EPSP synthase inhibitors: Glyphosate, glyphosate isopropylammonium, glyphosate potassium and glyphosate trimesium (sulfosate);

[0233] b7) from the group of the glutamine synthase inhibitors: Biranaphos (Bialaphos), Biranaphos sodium, Glufosinate, Glufosinate-P and Glufosinate ammonium;

[0234] b8) from the group of the DHP synthase inhibitors: Ashram;

[0235] b9) from the group of the mitotic inhibitors: Compounds of the K1 group: dinitroanilines such as benfluralin, butralin, dinitramine, ethalfluralin, fluchloralin, oryzalin, pendimethalin, prodiamine and trifluralin, phosphoramidates such as amiprophos, amiprophos-methyl and butamiphos, benzoic acid herbicides such as chlorthal, chlorthal-dimethyl, pyridines such as dithiopyr and thiazopyr, benzamides such as propyzamide and tebutam; compounds of the K2 group: carbetamide, chlorpropham, flamprup, flamprup isopropyl, flamprup methyl, flamprup-M-isopropyl, flamprup-M-methyl and propham; among these, compounds of the K1 group, particularly dinitroaniline, are preferred;

[0236] b10) From the group of VLCFA inhibitors, Chloroacetamides, such as acetochlor, alachlor, amidochlor, butachlor, dimethachlor, dimethenamid, dimethenamid-P, metazachlor, metolachlor, metolachlor-S, petoxamide, pretilachlor, propachlor, propisochlor and thenylchlor, oxyacetanilides, such as flufenacet and mefenacet, acetanilides, such as diphenamide, naproanilide, napropamide and napropamide-M, tetrazolinones, such as fentrazamide, and other herbicides, such as anilofos, cafenstrole, fenoxasulfone, ipfencarbazone, piperophos, pyroxasulfone and isoxazoline compounds of the formulae II.1, II.2, II.3, II.4, II.5, II.6, II.7, II.8 and II.9.

[0237] [ka] (Isoxazoline compounds of formula (II) are known in the art, for example from WO2006 / 024820, WO2006 / 037945, WO2007 / 071900 and WO2007 / 096576); Among the VLCFA inhibitors, chloroacetamide and oxyacetamide are preferred;

[0238] b11) from the group of cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors: Chlorthiamid, dichlobenil, flupoxam, indaziflam, isoxaben, triaziflam and 1-cyclohexyl-5-pentafluorophenyloxy-1 4 -[1,2,4,6]Thiatriazin-3-ylamine (CAS 175899-01-1);

[0239] b12) from the group of the decoupler herbicides: Dinoseb, dinoterb and DNOC and their salts;

[0240] b13) from the group of the auxin herbicides: 2,4-D and its salts and esters, e.g., clacyfos, 2,4-DB and its salts and esters, aminocyclopyrachlor and its salts and esters, aminopyralid and its salts, e.g., aminopyralid dimethylammonium, aminopyralid-tris(2-hydroxypropyl)ammonium and its esters, benazolin, benazolin ethyl, chloramben and its salts and esters, clomeprop, clopyralid and its salts and esters, dicamba and its salts and esters, dichlorprop and its salts and esters, dichlorprop-P and its salts and esters, florpyrauxifen, fluroxypyr, fluroxypyr butomethyl, fluroxypyr meptyl, halaxifen and its salts and esters (CAS 943832-60-8;MCPA and its salts and esters, MCPA-thioethyl, MCPB and its salts and esters, mecoprop and its salts and esters, mecoprop-P and its salts and esters, picloram and its salts and esters, quinclorac, quinmerac, TBA(2,3,6) and its salts and esters, triclopyr and its salts and esters, florpyrauxifen, florpyrauxifen benzyl (CAS 1390661-72-9) and 4-amino-3-chloro-5-fluoro-6-(7-fluoro-1H-indol-6-yl)picolinic acid (CAS 1629965-65-6);

[0241] b14) from the group of the auxin transport inhibitors, diflufenzopyr, diflufenzopyr sodium, naptalam and naptalam sodium;

[0242] b15) From the group of the other herbicides: bromobutide, chlorflurenol, chlorflurenol methyl, cinmethylin, cumyluron, cyclopyrimorate (CAS 499223-49-3) and its salts and esters, dalapon, dazomet, difenzoquat, difenzoquat methyl sulfate, dimethipine, DSMA, dymron, endothal and its salts, etobenzanide, fluorenol, fluorenol butyl, flurprimidol, fosamine, fosamine ammonium, indanofan, maleic hydrazide, mefluidide, metam, methiozoline (CAS 403640-27-7), methyl azide, methyl bromide, methyldymron, methyl iodide, MSMA, oleic acid, oxaziclomefone, pelargonic acid, pyributicarb, quinoclamine and tridiphane.

[0243] In another embodiment of the invention, the second pesticide active ingredient in the glufosinate composition is a safener C.

[0244] Safeners are chemical compounds that prevent or reduce damage to useful plants without having a significant effect on the herbicidal action of the herbicidal active ingredients of the composition on unwanted plants. They can be applied either before sowing (for example, for the treatment of seeds, shoots or seedlings) or in the pre-emergence or post-emergence application of useful plants. Safeners and the pesticide composition and / or herbicide B can be applied simultaneously or successively.

[0245] Suitable safeners are, for example, (quinoline-8-oxy)acetic acid, 1-phenyl-5-haloalkyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxylic acid, 1-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-5-alkyl-1H-pyrazole-3,5-dicarboxylic acid, 4,5-dihydro-5,5-diaryl-3-isoxazolecarboxylic acid, dichloroacetamide, alpha-oximinophenylacetonitrile, acetophenone oxime, 4,6-dihalo-2-phenylpyrimidine, N-[[4-(aminocarbonyl)phenyl]sulfonyl]-2-benzoic acid amide, 1,8-naphthalic anhydride, 2-halo-4-(haloalkyl)-5-thiazolecarboxylic acid, phosphorothioates and N-alkyl-O-phenylcarbamates, as well as agriculturally acceptable salts thereof and agriculturally acceptable derivatives thereof, such as amides, esters and thioesters, provided that they contain an acid group.

[0246] Examples of preferred safeners C are benoxacor, cloquintocet, cyometrinil, cyprosulfamide, dichlormid, dicyclonone, diethrate, fenchlorazole, fenclorim, flurazole, fluxofenim, furilazole, isoxadifen, mefenpyr, mephenate, naphthalic anhydride, oxabetrinil, 4-(dichloroacetyl)-1-oxa-4-azaspiro[4.5]decane (MON4660, CAS 71526-07-3), 2,2,5-trimethyl-3-(dichloroacetyl)-1,3-oxazolidine (R-29148, CAS 52836-31-4), metcamifen and BPCMS (CAS 54091-06-4).

[0247] The active compounds B and C of groups b1) to b15) are known herbicides and safeners, see, for example, The Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (http: / / www.alanwood.net / pesticides / ); Farm Chemicals Handbook 2000, Vol. 86, Meister Publishing Company, 2000; B. Hock, C. Fedtke, RR Schmidt, Herbizide [Herbicides], Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart 1995; WH Ahrens, Herbicide Handbook, 7th Edition, Weed Science Society of America, 1994; and KK Hatzios, Herbicide Handbook, Addendum to the 7th Edition, Weed Science Society of America, 1998. 2,2,5-Trimethyl-3-(dichloroacetyl)-1,3-oxazolidine [CAS No. 52836-31-4] is also known as R-29148. 4-(Dichloroacetyl)-1-oxa-4-azaspiro[4.5]decane [CAS No. 71526-07-3] is also known as AD-67 and MON 4660.

[0248] The assignment of the active compounds to each mechanism of action is based on current knowledge. If multiple mechanisms of action apply to an active compound, this substance was assigned to only one mechanism of action.

[0249] The active compounds B and C which contain a carboxyl group can be used in the compositions according to the invention in the form of the acid, in the form of the agriculturally suitable salts mentioned above or else in the form of an agriculturally acceptable derivative.

[0250] In the case of dicamba, suitable salts include those in which the counterion is an agriculturally acceptable cation. For example, suitable salts of dicamba are dicamba-sodium, dicamba-potassium, dicamba-methylammonium, dicamba-dimethylammonium, dicamba-isopropylammonium, dicamba-diglycolamine, dicamba-olamine, dicamba-diolamine, dicamba-trolamine, dicamba-N,N-bis-(3-aminopropyl)methylamine, and dicamba-diethylenetriamine. Examples of suitable esters are dicamba-methyl and dicamba-butotyl.

[0251] Suitable salts of 2,4-D are 2,4-D-ammonium, 2,4-D-dimethylammonium, 2,4-D-diethylammonium, 2,4-D-diethanolammonium (2,4-D-diolamine), 2,4-D-triethanolammonium, 2,4-D-isopropylammonium, 2,4-D-triisopropanolammonium, 2,4-D-heptylammonium, 2,4-D-dodecylammonium, 2,4-D-tetradecylammonium, 2,4-D-triethylammonium, 2,4-D-tris(2-hydroxypropyl)ammonium, 2,4-D-tris(isopropyl)ammonium, 2,4-D-trolamine, 2,4-D-lithium, 2,4-D-sodium and 2,4-DN,N,N-trimethylethanolammonium (2,4-D choline). Examples of suitable esters of 2,4-D are 2,4-D-butotyl, 2,4-D-2-butoxypropyl, 2,4-D-3-butoxypropyl, 2,4-D-butyl, 2,4-D-ethyl, 2,4-D-ethylhexyl, 2,4-D-isobutyl, 2,4-D-isooctyl, 2,4-D-isopropyl, 2,4-D-meptyl, 2,4-D-methyl, 2,4-D-octyl, 2,4-D-pentyl, 2,4-D-propyl, 2,4-D-tefuryl and clasifos.

[0252] Suitable salts of 2,4-DB are, for example, 2,4-DB-sodium, 2,4-DB-potassium and 2,4-DB-dimethylammonium. Suitable esters of 2,4-DB are, for example, 2,4-DB-butyl and 2,4-DB-isooctyl.

[0253] Suitable salts of dichlorprop are, for example, dichlorprop-sodium, dichlorprop-potassium and dichlorprop-dimethylammonium. Examples of suitable esters of dichlorprop are dichlorprop-butotyl and dichlorprop-isooctyl.

[0254] Suitable salts and esters of MCPA include MCPA-butotyl, MCPA-butyl, MCPA-dimethylammonium, MCPA-diolamine, MCPA-ethyl, MCPA-thioethyl, MCPA-2-ethylhexyl, MCPA-isobutyl, MCPA-isooctyl, MCPA-isopropyl, MCPA-isopropylammonium, MCPA-methyl, MCPA-olamine, MCPA-potassium, MCPA-sodium, and MCPA-trolamine.

[0255] A suitable salt of MCPB is sodium MCPB. A suitable ester of MCPB is MCPB-ethyl.

[0256] Suitable salts of clopyralid are clopyralid-potassium, clopyralid-olamine and clopyralid-tris-(2-hydroxypropyl)ammonium. An example of a suitable ester of clopyralid is clopyralid-methyl.

[0257] Examples of suitable esters of fluroxypyr are fluroxypyr-meptyl and fluroxypyr-2-butoxy-1-methylethyl, with fluroxypyr-meptyl being preferred.

[0258] Suitable salts of picloram are picloram-dimethylammonium, picloram-potassium, picloram-triisopropanolammonium, picloram-triisopropylammonium and picloram-trolamine. A suitable ester of picloram is picloram-isooctyl.

[0259] A suitable salt of triclopyr is triclopyr-triethylammonium. Suitable esters of triclopyr are, for example, triclopyr-ethyl and triclopyr-butotyl.

[0260] Suitable salts and esters of chloramben include chloramben-ammonium, chloramben-diolamine, chloramben-methyl, chloramben-methylammonium and chloramben-sodium.Suitable salts and esters of 2,3,6-TBA include 2,3,6-TBA-dimethylammonium, 2,3,6-TBA-lithium, 2,3,6-TBA-potassium and 2,3,6-TBA-sodium.

[0261] Suitable salts and esters of aminopyralid include aminopyralid-potassium, aminopyralid-dimethylammonium, and aminopyralid-tris(2-hydroxypropyl)ammonium.

[0262] Suitable salts of glyphosate are, for example, glyphosate-ammonium, glyphosate-diammonium, glyphosate-dimethylammonium, glyphosate-isopropylammonium, glyphosate-potassium, glyphosate-sodium, glyphosate-trimesium and the ethanolamine and diethanolamine salts, preferably glyphosate-diammonium, glyphosate-isopropylammonium and glyphosate-trimesium (sulfosate).

[0263] A suitable salt of glufosinate is, for example, glufosinate-ammonium.

[0264] A suitable salt of glufosinate-P is, for example, glufosinate-P-ammonium.

[0265] Suitable salts and esters of bromoxynil are, for example, bromoxynil-butyrate, bromoxynil-heptanoate, bromoxynil-octanoate, bromoxynil-potassium and bromoxynil-sodium.

[0266] Suitable salts and esters of ioxynil are, for example, ioxynil-octanoate, ioxynil-potassium and ioxynil-sodium.

[0267] Suitable salts and esters of mecoprop include mecoprop-butotyl, mecoprop-dimethylammonium, mecoprop-diolamine, mecoprop-ethadyl, mecoprop-2-ethylhexyl, mecoprop-isooctyl, mecoprop-methyl, mecoprop-potassium, mecoprop-sodium and mecoprop-trolamine.

[0268] Suitable salts of mecoprop-P are, for example, mecoprop-P-butotyl, mecoprop-P-dimethylammonium, mecoprop-P-2-ethylhexyl, mecoprop-P-isobutyl, mecoprop-P-potassium and mecoprop-P-sodium.

[0269] A suitable salt of diflufenzopyr is, for example, diflufenzopyr-sodium.

[0270] A suitable salt of naptalam is, for example, naptalam-sodium.

[0271] Suitable salts and esters of aminocyclopyrachlor are, for example, aminocyclopyrachlor-dimethylammonium, aminocyclopyrachlor-methyl, aminocyclopyrachlor-triisopropanolammonium, aminocyclopyrachlor-sodium and aminocyclopyrachlor-potassium.

[0272] A suitable salt of quinclorac is, for example, quinclorac-dimethylammonium.

[0273] A suitable salt of quinmerac is, for example, quinmerac-dimethylammonium.

[0274] A suitable salt of imazamox is, for example, imazamox-ammonium.

[0275] Suitable salts of imazapic are, for example, imazapic-ammonium and imazapic-isopropylammonium.

[0276] Suitable salts of imazapyr are, for example, imazapyr-ammonium and imazapyr-isopropylammonium.

[0277] A suitable salt of imazaquin is, for example, imazaquin-ammonium.

[0278] Suitable salts of imazethapyr are, for example, imazethapyr-ammonium and imazethapyr-isopropylammonium.

[0279] A suitable salt of topramezone is, for example, topramezone-sodium.

[0280] Here and below, the term "two-component glufosinate composition" refers to a glufosinate composition comprising a compound B selected from group b1) to b15) defined above as a second pesticidal active ingredient, or a safener C).

[0281] In two-component glufosinate compositions containing compound B, the weight ratio of glufosinate or a salt thereof to active compound B is generally in the range of 1:1000 to 1000:1, preferably in the range of 1:500 to 500:1, in particular in the range of 1:250 to 250:1, and particularly preferably in the range of 1:75 to 75:1.

[0282] In a two-component glufosinate composition containing a safener C, the weight ratio of glufosinate or a salt thereof to active compound C is generally in the range of 1:1000 to 1000:1, preferably in the range of 1:500 to 500:1, in particular in the range of 1:250 to 250:1, and particularly preferably in the range of 1:75 to 75:1.

[0283] The glufosinate composition can be applied to land for orchard crops or to orchard crops.

[0284] Orchard crops are those produced from plants that persist for multiple seasons, rather than being replanted after each harvest. Orchard crops are grown on orchard crop land in the form of agricultural land, including grassland and shrub land, e.g., those used to grow grapevines or coffee; orchards used to grow fruit or olives; and planted cultivated land, e.g., those used to grow nuts or rubber. However, it does not include forest land intended for use for wood or timber.

[0285] In the context of the present invention, preferred farmlands for orchard crops are cultivated land, grassland and shrub land. Preferably, in the context of the present invention, orchard crops are cultivated land crops, preferably fruit crops and orchard crops (preferably fruit trees, citrus trees, mango trees, olive trees, grapevines, coffee, cocoa, tea and berries (e.g. strawberries, raspberries, blueberries and currants)), Musaceae species crops (e.g. banana or plantain crops), nut trees (preferably almond trees, walnut trees, pistachio trees, pecan trees, hazelnut trees), oil palm trees, rubber trees, sugar cane and cotton.

[0286] More preferably, the orchard crop is a fruit tree (preferably a pome tree or a stone fruit tree; preferred fruit trees are apple trees, pear trees, apricot trees, plum trees, cherry trees, peach trees), olive trees, grape vines, coffee, tea), a crop of a Musaceae species (preferably a banana crop or a plantain crop), a nut tree (preferably an almond tree, a walnut tree, a pistachio tree, a pecan tree, a hazelnut tree), an oil palm tree, a rubber tree, and a citrus crop (preferably a lemon, orange or grapefruit crop). Even more preferably, the orchard crop is selected from the group consisting of an apple tree, a pear tree, apricot tree, a plum tree, a cherry tree, a peach tree, an olive tree, grape vines, coffee, tea, a banana crop, a nut tree (preferably an almond tree, a walnut tree, a pistachio tree), an oil palm tree, a rubber tree, and a citrus crop (preferably a lemon, orange or grapefruit crop). Particularly preferably, the orchard crop is selected from the group consisting of apple trees, pear trees, apricot trees, plum trees, cherry trees, peach trees, olive trees, grapevines, coffee, tea, banana crops, almond trees, walnut trees, oil palm trees, rubber trees, lemon crops, orange crops and grapefruit crops.

[0287] Glufosinate compositions can also be applied to row crops and specialty crops.

[0288] Row crops can be planted in rows wide enough to allow tillage or otherwise cultivation with farm equipment that is adjusted for the seasonal activity of row crops. The speciality of row crops is that they are planted and cultivated on a seasonal or annual basis. Thus, such crops produce products relatively quickly and predictably and profitably. Some row crops are produced from plants that last for many seasons, rather than being replanted after each harvest. Examples of row crops include soybeans, corn, canola, cotton, cereals or rice, but also sunflowers, potatoes, dry beans, field peas, flax, safflower, buckwheat and sugar beets.

[0289] Specialty crops are understood to be fruits, plants or other specialty or cultivated orchard crops, such as trees, nuts, vines, (dried) fruits, ornamentals, oil palm, bananas, rubber, etc., and horticulture and nursery crops, including floriculture, may also fall within the definition of specialty crops. Vegetable crops include, for example, aubergine, beans, peppers, cabbage, chilli, cucumber, eggplant, lettuce, melon, onion, potato, sweet potato, spinach and tomato. Plants considered as specialty crops are generally grown intensively. For weed control in vegetable crops, it may be desirable to shield the crop from contact with a spray solution containing the herbicidal mixture according to the invention.

[0290] Generally, crops that can be treated with the glufosinate compositions can be traditional or herbicide-tolerant crops, preferably glufosinate-tolerant crops.

[0291] In a preferred embodiment, the glufosinate composition is applied once, twice or three times per Gregorian year, i.e., once, twice or three times per year according to the Gregorian calendar. In a preferred embodiment, the glufosinate composition is applied twice per Gregorian year, i.e., twice per year according to the Gregorian calendar. In an alternative preferred embodiment, the glufosinate composition is applied once per Gregorian year, i.e., once per year according to the Gregorian calendar. In a preferred embodiment, the glufosinate composition is applied once about every 12 months, i.e., once every about 12 months. In an alternative preferred embodiment, the glufosinate composition is applied between once and 10 times per Gregorian year, i.e., up to 10 times per year according to the Gregorian calendar. This alternative preferred method has particular utility in orchard crops, especially those grown in tropical conditions. In tropical conditions, where weeds grow vigorously at any time of the year, previous treatments lose their effectiveness and herbicide applications must be repeated as soon as the weeds begin to regrow.

[0292] The glufosinate composition is preferably used as a post-emergence application.

[0293] The present invention includes the use and methods of application of glufosinate compositions to control undesirable vegetation in crops in burn down programs, the crops being produced by genetic engineering or breeding to be resistant to attack by one or more herbicides and / or pathogens, e.g., phytopathogenic fungi and / or insects, preferably tolerant to glufosinate.

[0294] Crops tolerant to glufosinate are preferred, and the glufosinate tolerant crop plants are preferably selected from the group consisting of rice, canola, soybean, corn and cotton plants.

[0295] Transgenic corn events containing a glufosinate resistance gene include, but are not limited to, 5307 x MIR604 x Bt11 x TC1507 x GA21 x MIR162 (event code: SYN-05307-1 x SYN-IR604-5 x SYN-BT011-1 x DAS-01507-1 x MON-00021-9 x SYN-IR162-4, gene: pat, e.g., commercially available as Agrisure® Duracade™ 5222), 59122 (event code: DAS-59122-7, gene: pat, Herculex™ RW), 5307×MIR604×Bt11×TC1507×GA21 (event code: SYN-05307-1×SYN-IR604-5×SYN-BT011-1×DAS-01507-1×MON-00021-9, gene: pat, e.g., available as Agrisure® Duracade™ 5122), 59122×NK603 (event code: DAS-59122-7×MON-00603-6, gene: pat, e.g., available as Herculex™ RW Roundup™ 5122), Ready™ 2), Bt10 (gene: pat, e.g., commercially available as Bt10), Bt11 (X4334CBR, X4734CBR) (event code: SYN-BT011-1, gene: pat, e.g., commercially available as Agrisure™ CB / LL), BT11×59122×MIR604×TC1507×GA21 (event code: SYN-BT011-1×DAS-59122-7×SYN-IR604-5×DAS-01507-1×MON-0 0021-9, gene: pat, e.g. commercially available as Agrisure® 3122), Bt11×GA21 (event code: SYN-BT011-1×MON-00021-9, gene: pat, e.g. commercially available as Agrisure® GT / CB / LL), Bt11×MIR162 (event code: SYN-BT011-1×SYN-IR162-4, gene: pat, e.g. commercially available as Agrisure® Viptera® 2100),Bt11×MIR162×GA21 (event code: SYN-BT011-1×SYN-IR162-4×MON-00021-9, gene: pat, e.g. commercially available as Agrisure® Viptera® 3110), BT11×MIR162×MIR604 (event code: SYN-BT011-1×SYN-IR162-4×SYN-IR604-5, gene: pat, e.g. commercially available as Agrisure® Viptera® 3100), Bt1 1×MIR162×MIR604×GA21 (event code: SYN-BT011-1×SYN-IR162-4×SYN-IR604-5×MON-00021-9, gene: pat, commercially available as, for example, Agrisure® Viptera® 3111, Agrisure® Viptera® 4), Bt11×MIR162×TC1507×GA21 (event code: SYN-BT011-1×SYN-IR162-4×DAS-01507-1×MON-00021- 9, gene: pat, commercially available, for example, as Agrisure™ Viptera 3220), Bt11×MIR604 (event code: SYN-BT011-1×SYN-IR604-5, gene: pat, commercially available, for example, as Agrisure™ CB / LL / RW), BT11×MIR604×GA21 (event code: SYN-BT011-1×SYN-IR604-5×MON-00021-9, gene: pat, commercially available, for example, as Agrisure™ 3000GT Bt176(176) (event code: SYN-EV176-9, gene: bar, e.g., commercially available as NaturGardKnockOut™, Maximizer™), CBH-351 (event code: ACS-ZM004-3, gene: bar, e.g., commercially available as Starlink™ Maize), DBT418 (event code: DKB-89614-9, gene: bar, e.g., commercially available as BtXtra™ Maize),MON89034×TC1507×MON88017×59122 (event code: MON-89034-3×DAS-01507-1×MON-88017-3×DAS-59122-7, gene: pat, e.g., commercially available as Genuity® SmartStax™), MON89034×TC1507×NK603 (event code: MON-89034-3×DAS-01507-1×MON-00603-6, gene: pat, e.g., commercially available as Power Core™), NK603×T25 (event code: MON-00603-6×ACS-ZM003-2, gene: pat, e.g., Roundup Ready™ Liberty Link™ Maize), T14 (event code: ACS-ZM002-1, gene: pat, e.g., commercially available as Liberty Link™ Maize), T25 (event code: ACS-ZM003-2, gene: pat, e.g., commercially available as Liberty Link™ Maize), T25×MON810 (event code: ACS-ZM003-2×MON-00810-6, gene: pat, e.g., Liberty Link™ Yieldgard™ Maize), TC1507 (event code: DAS-01507-1, gene: pat, e.g., commercially available as Herculex™ I, Herculex™ CB), TC1507×59122×MON810×MIR604×NK603 (event code: DAS-01507-1×DAS-59122-7×MON-00810-6×SYN-IR604-5×MON-00603, gene: pat, e.g., commercially available as Optimum™ Intrasect Xtreme), TC1507×59122 (event code: DAS-01507-1×DAS-59122-7, gene: pat, e.g., commercially available as Herculex™ XTRA (trademark), TC1507×59122×MON810×NK603 (event code: DAS-01507-1×DAS-59122-7×MON-00810-6×MON-00603-6, gene: pat, e.g.,Optimum™ Intrasect XTRA), TC1507×59122×NK603 (event code: DAS-01507-1×DAS-59122-7×MON-00603-6, gene: pat, e.g., Herculex XTRA™ RR), TC1507×MIR604×NK603 (event code: DAS-01507-1×SYN-IR604-5×MON-00603-6, gene: pat, e.g., commercially available as Optimum™ TRIsect), TC1507×MON810×NK603 (event code: DAS-01507-1×MON-00810-6×MON-00603-6, gene: pat, e.g., commercially available as Optimum™ Intrasect), TC1507×NK603 (event code: DAS-01507-1×MON-00603-6, gene: pat, e.g., commercially available as Herculex™ I RR), 3272×Bt11 (event code:,SYN-E3272-5×SYN-BT011-1,gene:pat), 3272×Bt11×GA21 (event code:SYN-E3272-5×SYN-BT011-1×MON-00021-9,gene:pat), 3272×Bt11×MIR604 (event code:SYN-E3272-5×SYN-BT011-1×SYN-IR604-5,gene:pat), 3272×BT11×MIR604×GA21 (event code:SYN-E3272-5×SYN-BT011-1×SYN-IR604-5×MON-00021-9,gene:pat), 33 121 (event code: DP-033121-3, gene: pat), 4114 (event code: DP-004114-3, gene: pat), 59122 × GA21 (event code: DAS-59122-7 × MON-00021-9, gene: pat), 59122 × MIR604 (event code: DAS-59122-7 × SYN-IR604-5, gene: pat), 5307 × MIR604 × Bt11 × TC1507 × GA21 × MIR162 (event code: , gene: pat), 59122 × MIR604 × GA21 (event code: DAS-59122-7 × SYN-IR604-5 × MON-00021-9, gene: pat),59122×MIR604×TC1507 (event code: DAS-59122-7×SYN-IR604-5×DAS-01507-1, gene: pat), 59122×MIR604×TC1507×GA21 (event code: , gene: pat), (event code: DAS-59122-7×SYN-IR604-5×DAS-01507-1×MON-00021-9, gene: pat), 59122×MON810 (event code: DAS-59122-7×MON-00810-6 , gene: pat), 59122×MON810×NK603 (event code: DAS-59122-7×MON-00810-6×MON-00603-6, gene: pat), 59122×TC1507×GA21 (event code: DAS-59122-7×DAS-01507-1×MON-00021-9, gene: pat), 676 (event code: PH-000676-7, gene: pat), 678 (event code: PH-000678-9, gene: pat), 680 (event code: 98140×59122 (event code: DP-098140-6×DAS-59122-7, gene: pat), 98140×TC1507 (event code: DP-098140-6×DAS-01507-1, gene: pat), 98140×TC1507×59122 (event code: DP-098140-6×DAS-01507-1×DAS-59122-7, gene: pat), 59122×MON88017 (event code: DAS-59122-7×MON-88017-3, gene: pat), Bt11×59122 (event code: SYN-BT011-1×DAS-59122-7, gene: pat), Bt11×59122×GA21 (event code: SYN-BT011-1×DAS-59122-7×MON-00021-9, gene: pat), Bt11×59122×MIR604 (event code: SYN-BT011-1×DAS-59122-7×SYN-IR604-5, gene: pat), , Bt11×59122×MIR604×GA21 (event code: SYN-BT011-1×DAS-59122-7×SYN-IR604-5×MON-00021-9, gene: pat), Bt11×59122×MIR604×TC1507 (event code: Bt11×59122×MIR604×TC1507, gene: pat), Bt11×59122×TC1507 (event code: SYN-BT011-1×DAS-59122-7×DAS-01507-1, gene: pat), Bt11×59122×TC1507×GA21 (event code :SYN-BT011-1×DAS-59122-7×DAS-01507-1×MON-00021-9, gene: pat), Bt11×MIR162×TC1507 (event code:SYN-BT011-1×SYN-IR162-4×DAS-01507-1, gene: pat), Bt11×MIR604×TC1507 (event code:SYN-BT011-1×SYN-IR604-5×DAS-01507-1, gene: pat), Bt11×TC1507 (event code:SYN-BT011-1×DAS-01507-1, gene: pat), B t11×TC1507×GA21 (event code: SYN-BT011-1×DAS-01507-1×MON-00021-9, gene: pat), GA21×T25 (event code: MON-00021-9×ACS-ZM003-2, gene: pat), MIR162×TC1507 (event code: SYN-IR162-4×DAS-01507-1, gene: pat), MIR162×TC1507×GA21 (event code: SYN-IR162-4×DAS-01507-1×MON-00021-9, gene: pat), MIR604×TC150 7 (event code: SYN-IR604-5 x DAS-01507-1, gene: pat), MON87427 x MON89034 x TC1507 x MON88017 x 59122 (event code: MON-87427-7 x MON-89034-3 x DAS-01507-1 x MON-88017-3 x DAS-59122-7, gene: pat), MON89034 x 59122 (event code: MON-89034-3 x DAS-59122-7, gene: pat), MON89034 x 59122 x MON88017 (event code: , gene: pat),MON89034×TC1507 (event code: MON-89034-3×DAS-59122-7×MON-88017-3, gene: pat), (event code: MON-89034-3×DAS-01507-1, gene: pat), MIR604×TC1507 (event code: SYN-IR604-5×DAS-01507-1, gene: pat), MON87427×MON89034×TC1507×MON88017×59122 (event code: MON-87427-7×MON-89034-3×DAS- 01507-1×MON-88017-3×DAS-59122-7, gene: pat), MON89034×59122 (event code: MON-89034-3×DAS-59122-7, gene: pat), MON89034×59122×MON88017 (event code: , gene: pat), MON89034×TC1507 (event code: MON-89034-3×DAS-59122-7×MON-88017-3, gene: pat), (event code: MON-89034-3×DAS-01507-1, gene: pat), child: pat), DLL25(B16) (event code: DKB-89790-5, gene: bar), MIR604×TC1507 (event code: SYN-IR604-5×DAS-01507-1, gene: pat), MON87427×MON89034×TC1507×MON88017×59122 (event code: MON-87427-7×MON-89034-3×DAS-01507-1×MON-88017-3×DAS-59122-7, gene: pat), MON89034×59122 (event code: M ON-89034-3×DAS-59122-7, gene: pat), MON89034×59122×MON88017 (event code: MON-89034-3×DAS-59122-7×MON-88017-3, gene: pat), MON89034×TC1507 (event code: MON-89034-3×DAS-01507-1, gene: pat), MON89034×TC1507×59122 (event code: MON-89034-3×DAS-01507-1×DAS-59122-7, gene: pat),MON89034×TC1507×MON88017 (event code: MON-89034-3×DAS-01507-1×MON-88017-3, gene: pat), MON89034×TC1507×MON88017×59122×DAS40278 (event code: MON-89034-3×DAS-01507-1×MON-88017-3×DAS-59122-7×DAS-40278-9, gene: pat), MON89034×TC1507×MON88017×DAS40278 (event code: MON-89034-3×DAS-01507-1×MON-88017-3×DAS-59122-7×DAS-40278-9, gene: pat), Code: MON-89034-3 x DAS-01507-1 x MON-88017-3 x DAS-59122-7 x DAS-40278-9, gene: pat), MON89034 x TC1507 x NK603 x DAS40278 (event code: MON-89034-3 x DAS-01507-1 x MON-00603-6 x DAS-40278-9, gene: pat), NK603 x MON810 x 4114 x MIR604 (event code: MON-00603-6 x MON-00810-6 x DP004 114-3×SYN-IR604-4, gene: pat), TC1507×MON810×MIR604×NK603 (event code: DAS-01507-1×MON-00810-6×SYN-IR604-5×MON-00603-6, gene: pat), TC1507×59122×MON810 (event code: DAS-01507-1×DAS-59122-7×MON-00810-6, gene: pat), TC1507×59122×MON88017 (event code: DAS-01507-1 ×DAS-59122-7×MON-88017-3, gene: pat), TC1507×GA21 (event code: DAS-01507-1×MON-00021-9, gene: pat), TC1507×MON810 (event code: DAS-01507-1×MON-00810-6, gene: pat), TC1507×MON810×MIR162×NK603 (event code: DAS-01507-1×MON-00810-6×SYN-IR162-4×MON-00603-6, gene: pat),3272×Bt11×MIR604×TC1507×5307×GA21 (event code: SYN-E3272-5×SYN-BT011-1×SYN-IR604-5×DAS-01507-1×SYN-05307-1×MON-00021-9, gene: pat), TC1507×MIR162×NK603 (event code: DAS-01507-1×SYN-IR162-4×MON-00603-6, gene: pat), TC1507×MON810×MIR162 (event code: DAS-01507-1×MON-00810-6×S YN-IR162-4, gene: pat), MON87419 (event code: MON87419-8, gene: pat), TC1507 × MON88017 (event code: DAS-01507-1 × MON-88017-3, gene: pat), TC6275 (event code: DAS-06275-8, gene: bar), MZHG0JG (event code: SYN-000JG-2, gene: pat), MZIR098 (event code: SYN-00098-3, gene: pat), Bt11 × MIR162 × MON89034 (event code: SYN- BT011-1×SYN-IR162-4×MON-89034-3, gene: pat) and Bt11×MIR162×MON89034×GA21 (event code: SYN-BT011-1×SYN-IR162-4×MON-89034-3×MON-00021-9, gene: pat), 59122×DAS40278 (event code: DAS-59122-7×DAS-40278-9, gene: pat), 59122×MON810×MIR604 (event code: DAS-59122-7×MON-00810-6×SYN-IR604- 5, gene: pat), 59122 × MON810 × NK603 × MIR604 (event code: DAS-59122-7 × MON-00810-6 × MON-00603-6 × SYN-IR604-5, gene: pat), 59122 × MON88017 × DAS40278 (event code: DAS-59122-7 × MON-88017-3 × DAS-40278-9, gene: pat), 59122 × NK603 × MIR604 (event code: DAS-59122-7 × MON-00603-6 × SYN-IR604-5, gene: pat),Bt11×5307 (event code: SYN-BT011-1×SYN-05307-1, gene: pat), Bt11×5307×GA21 (event code: SYN-BT011-1×SYN-05307-1×MON-00021-9, gene: pat), Bt11×MIR162×5307 (event code: SYN-BT011-1×SYN-IR162-4×SYN-05307-1, gene: pat), Bt11×MIR162×5307×GA21 (event code: SYN-BT011-1×SYN-IR162-4×SYN-0530 7-1×MON-00021-9, gene: pat), BT11×MIR162×MIR604×5307 (event code: SYN-BT011-1×SYN-IR162-4×SYN-IR604-5×SYN-05307-1, gene: pat), Bt11×MIR162×MIR604×5307×GA21 (event code: SYN-BT011-1×SYN-IR162-4×SYN-IR604-5×SYN-05307-1xMON-00021-9, gene: pat), Bt11×MIR162×MIR604×MON89034 ×5307×GA21 (event code: SYN-BT011-1×SYN-IR162-4×SYN-IR604-5×MON-89034-3×SYN-05307-1×MON-00021-9, gene: pat), BT11×MIR162×MIR604×TC1507 (event code: SYN-BT011-1×SYN-IR162-4×SYN-IR604-5×DAS-01507-1, gene: pat), BT11×MIR162×MIR604×TC1507×5307 (event code: SYN-BT011-1×SYN-IR1 62-4×SYN-IR604-5×DAS-01507-1×SYN-05307-1, gene: pat), Bt11×MIR162×MIR604×TC1507×GA21 (event code: SYN-BT011-1×SYN-IR162-4×SYN-IR604-5×DAS-01507-1×MON-00021-9, gene: pat), Bt11×MIR162×TC1507×5307 (event code: SYN-BT011-1×SYN-IR162-4×DAS-01507-1×SYN-05307-1, gene: pat),BT11×MIR162×MIR604×TC1507×5307 (event code: SYN-BT011-1×SYN-IR162-4×SYN-IR604-5×DAS-01507-1×SYN-05307-1, gene: pat), Bt11×MIR162×MIR604×TC1507×GA21 (event code: SYN-BT011-1×SYN-IR162-4×SYN-IR604-5×DAS-01507-1×MON-00021-9, gene: pat), Bt11×MIR162×TC1507×5307 (event code: SYN-BT0 11-1×SYN-IR162-4×DAS-01507-1×SYN-05307-1, gene: pat), Bt11×MIR162×TC1507×5307×GA21 (event code: SYN-BT011-1×SYN-IR162-4×DAS-01507-1×SYN-05307-1×MON-00021-9, gene: pat), Bt11×MIR604×5307 (event code: SYN-BT011-1×SYN-IR604-5×SYN-05307-1, gene: pat), Bt11×MIR604×5307×GA21 (event code: SYN-BT011-1×SYN-IR604-5×SYN-05307-1×MON-00021-9, gene: pat), Bt11×MIR604×TC1507×5307 (event code: SYN-BT011-1×SYN-IR604-5×DAS-01507-1×SYN-05307-1, gene: pat), Bt11×MIR604×TC1507×GA21 (event code: SYN-BT011-1×SYN-IR604-5×DAS-01507-1×MON-00021-9, gene: pat), Bt11×MON89034 (or Bt1 1×MON89034) (event code: SYN-BT011-1×MON-89034-3, gene: pat), Bt11×MON89034×GA21 (event code: SYN-BT011-1×MON-89034-3×MON-00021-9, gene: pat), Bt11×MON89034×GA21 (event code: SYN-BT011-1×MON-89034-3×MON-00021-9, gene: pat), Bt11×TC1507×5307 (event code: SYN-BT011-1×DAS-01507-1×SYN-05307-1,gene: pat), Bt11 × TC1507 × 5307 × GA21 (event code: SYN-BT011-1 × DAS-01507-1 × SYN-05307-1 × MON-00021-9, gene: pat), MIR162 × MIR604 × TC1507 × 5307 (event code: SYN-IR162-4 × SYN-IR604-5 × DAS-01507-1 × SYN-05307-1, gene: pat), MIR162 × MIR604 × TC1507 × 5307 × GA21 (event code: SYN-IR162-4 × SYN-IR604-5 × DAS-01507-1×SYN-05307-1×MON-00021-9, gene: pat), MIR162×MIR604×TC1507×GA21 (event code: SYN-IR162-4×SYN-IR604-5×DAS-01507-1×MON-00021-9, gene: pat), MIR162×TC1507×5307 (event code: SYN-IR162-4×DAS-01507-1×SYN-05307-1, gene: pat), MIR162×TC1507×5307×GA21 (event code: SYN-IR162-4 ×DAS-01507-1×SYN-05307-1×MON-00021-9, gene: pat), MIR604×TC1507×5307 (event code: SYN-IR604-5×DAS-01507-1×SYN-05307-1, gene: pat), MIR162×TC1507×5307 (event code: SYN-IR162-4×DAS-01507-1×SYN-05307-1, gene: pat), MIR162×TC1507×5307×GA21 (event code: SYN-IR162-4×DAS-01507-1×SYN-0 5307-1×MON-00021-9, gene: pat), MIR604×TC1507×5307 (event code: SYN-IR604-5×DAS-01507-1×SYN-05307-1, gene: pat), MIR604×TC1507×5307xGA21 (event code: SYN-IR604-5×TC1507×SYN-05307-1×MON-00021-9, gene: pat), MIR604×TC1507×GA21 (event code: SYN-IR604-5×TC1507×MON-00021-9, gene: pat),MON87427×59122 (event code: MON-87427-7×DAS-59122-7:, gene: pat), MON87427×MON89034×59122 (event code: MON-87427-7×MON-89034-3×DAS-59122-7:, gene: pat), MON87427×MON89034×MON88017×59122 (event code: MON-87427-7×MON-89034-3×MON-88017-3×59122:, gene: pat), MON87427×MON89034×MON88017×59122 (event code: MON-87427-7×MON-89034-3×MON-88017-3×59122:, gene: pat), 4×TC1507 (event code: MON-87427-7×MON-89034-3×DAS-01507-1, gene: pat), MON87427×MON89034×TC1507×59122 (event code: MON-87427-7×MON-89034-3×DAS-01507-1×DAS-59122-7, gene: pat), MON87427×MON89034×TC1507×MON87411×59122 (event code: MON-87427-7×MON-89034-3×DAS-01507-1 ×MON-87411-9×DAS-59122-7, gene: pat), MON87427×MON89034×TC1507×MON87411×59122×DAS40278 (event code: MON-87427-7×MON-89034-3×DAS-01507-1×MON-87411-9×DAS-59122-7×DAS-40278-9, gene: pat), MON87427×MON89034×TC1507×MON88017 (event code: MON-87427-7×MON-89034-3×DAS-01507-1×MON-87411-9×DAS-59122-7×DAS-40278-9, gene: pat), AS-01507-1 × MON-88017-3, gene: pat), MON87427 × TC1507 (event code: MON-87427-7 × DAS-01507-1, gene: pat), MON87427 × TC1507 × 59122 (event code: MON-87427-7 × DAS-01507-1 × DAS-59122-7, gene: pat), MON87427 × TC1507 × MON88017 (event code: MON-87427-7 × DAS-01507-1 × MON-88017-3, gene: pat),MON87427×TC1507×MON88017×59122 (event code: MON-87427-7×DAS-01507-1×MON-88017-3×DAS-59122-7, gene: pat), MON89034×59122×DAS40278 (event code: MON-89034-3×DAS-59122-7×DAS-40278-9, gene: pat), MON89034×59122×MON88017×DAS40278 (event code: MON-890 34-3×DAS-59122-7×MON-88017-3×DAS-40278-9, gene: pat), MON89034×TC1507×59122×DAS40278 (event code: MON-89034-3×DAS-01507-1×DAS-59122-7×DAS-40278-9, gene: pat), MON89034×TC1507×DAS40278 (event code: MON-89034-3×DAS-01507-1×DAS-40278-9, gene: pat), MON89034×TC1507×NK603×MIR162 (event code: MON-89034-3×DAS-01507-1×MON-00603-6×SYN-IR162-4, gene: pat), TC1507×5307 (event code: DAS-01507-1×SYN-05307-1, gene: pat), TC1507×5307×GA21 (event code: DAS-01507-1×SYN-05307-1×MON-00021-9, gene: pat) , TC1507×59122×DAS40278 (event code: DAS-01507-1×DAS-59122-7×DAS-40278-9, gene: pat), TC1507×59122×MON810×MIR604 (event code: DAS-01507-1×DAS-59122-7×MON-00810-6×SYN-IR604-5, gene: pat), TC1507×59122×MON88017×DAS40278 (event code: DAS-01507-1×DA, S-59122-7×MON-88017-3×DAS-40278-9, gene: pat), TC1507×59122×NK603×MIR604 (event code: , gene: pat) DAS-01507-1×DAS-59122-7×MON-00603-6×SYN-IR604-5, TC1507×DAS40278 (event code: DAS-01507-1×DAS-40278-9, gene: pat), TC1507×MON810×MIR604 (event code: DAS-01507-1×MON-00810-6×SYN-IR604-5, gene: pat) The gene: pat), TC1507×MON810×NK603×MIR604 (event code: DAS-01507-1×MON-00810-6×MON-00603-6×SYN-IR604-5, gene: pat), TC1507×MON88017×DAS40278 (event code: DAS-01507-1×MON-88017-3×DAS-40278-9, gene: pat) and TC1507×NK603×DAS40278 (event code: DAS-01507-1×MON-00603-6×DAS-40278-9, gene: pat).

[0296] Transgenic soybean events comprising a glufosinate tolerance gene include, but are not limited to, A2704-12 (event code: ACS-GMOO5-3, gene: pat, commercially available, e.g., as Liberty Link™ soybean), A2704-21 (event code: ACS-GMOO4-2, gene: pat, commercially available, e.g., as Liberty Link™ soybean), A5547-127 (event code: ACS-GMOO6-4, gene: pat, commercially available, e.g., as Liberty Link™ soybean), A5547-35 (event code: ACS-GMOO8-6, gene: pat, commercially available, e.g., as Liberty Link™ soybean), GU262 (event code: ACS-GMOO3-1, gene: pat, commercially available, e.g., as Liberty Link™ soybean), W62 (event code: ACS-GMOO2-9, gene: pat, commercially available, e.g., as Liberty Link™ soybean), Link™ soybean), W98 (event code: ACS-GMOO1-8, gene: pat, e.g., Liberty Link™ soybean), DAS68416-4 (event code: DAS-68416-4, gene: pat, e.g., commercially available as Enlist™ Soybean), DAS44406-6 (event code: DAS-444O6-6, gene: pat), DAS68416-4xMON89788 (event code: DAS-68416-4xMON-89788-1, gene: pat), SYHTOH2 (event code: SYN-OOOH2-5, gene: pat), DAS81419xDAS44406-6 (event code: DAS-81419-2xDAS-444O6-6, gene: pat) and FG72xA5547-127 (event code: MST-FGO72-3xACS-GMOO6-4, gene: pat).

[0297] Transgenic cotton events containing glufosinate resistance genes include, but are not limited to, 3006-210-23x281-24-236xMON1445 (event code: DAS-21O23-5xDAS-24236-5xMON-O1445-2, gene: bar, commercially available as, e.g., WideStrike™ Roundup Ready™ Cotton), 3006-210-23x281-24-236xMON88913 (event code: DAS-21O23-5xDAS-24236-5xMON-88913-8, gene: bar, commercially available as, e.g., Widestrike™ Roundup Ready™ Cotton), Flex™ Cotton), 3006-210-23x281-24-236xMON88913xCOT102 (event code: DAS-21O23-5xDAS-24236-5xMON-88913-8xSYN-IR1O2-7, gene: pat, e.g. Widestrike™xRoundup Ready Flex™xVIPCOT™ Cotton), GHB614xLLCotton25 (event code: BCS-GHOO2-5xACS-GHOO1-3, gene: bar, e.g. GlyTol™ Liberty Link™), GHB614xT304-40xGHB119 (event code: BCS-GHOO2-5xBCS-GHOO4-7xBCS-GHOO5-8, gene: bar, commercially available, for example, as Glytol™xTwinlink™), LLCotton25 (event code: ACS-GHOO1-3, gene: bar, commercially available, for example, as ACS-GHOO1-3), GHB614xT304-40xGHB119 xCOT102 (event code: BCS-GHOO2-5xBCS-GHOO4-7xBCS-GHOO5-8xSYN-IR1O2-7, gene: bar, commercially available as e.g. Glytol™ xTwinlink™ xVIPCOT™ Cotton), LLCotton25xMON15985 (event code: ACS-GHOO1-3xMON-15985-7, gene: bar, commercially available as e.g. Fibermax™ Liberty Link™ BollgardII™), T304-40xGHB119 (event code: BCS-GHOO4-7xBCS-GHOO5-8, gene: bar, commercially available, e.g., as TwinLink™ Cotton), GHB614xT304-40xGHB119xCOT102 (event code: BCS-GHOO2-5xBCS-GHOO4-7xBCS-GHOO5-8xSYN-IR1O2-7, gene: bar, commercially available, e.g., as Glytol™xTwinlink™xVIPCOT™ Cotton), GHB119 (event code: B CS-GHOO5-8, gene: bar), GHB614xLLCotton25xMON15985 (event code: CS-GHOO2-5xACS-GHOO1-3xMON-15985-7, gene: bar), MON887O1-3 (event code: MON88701, gene: bar), T303-3 (event code: BCS-GHOO3-6, gene: bar), T304-40 (event code: BCS-GHOO3-6, gene: bar), (event code: BCS-GHOO4-7, gene: bar), 81910 (event code: DAS-8191 0-7, gene:pat), MON8870 (event code:MON887O1-3, gene:bar), MON88701xMON88913 (event code:MON887O1-3xMON-88913-8, gene:bar), MON88701xMON88913xMON15985 (event code:MON887O1-3xMON-88913-8xMON-15985-7, gene:bar), 281-24-236x3006-210-23xCOT102x81910 (event code:DAS-24236-5xDAS-21O23-5xSYN -IR1O2-7xDAS-81910-7, gene: pat), COT102xMON15985xMON88913xMON88701 (event code: SYN-IR1O2-7xMON-15985-7xMON-88913-8xMON887O1-3, gene: bar) and 3006-210-23x281-24-236xMON88913xCOT102x81910 (event code: DAS-21O23-5xDAS-24236-5xMON-88913-8xSYN-IR1O2-7xDAS-81910-7, gene: pat).

[0298] Transgenic canola events comprising a glufosinate tolerance gene include, but are not limited to, HCN10 (Topas 19 / 2) (event code: , gene: bar, commercially available, e.g., as Liberty Link™ Independence™), HCN28 (T45) (event code: ACS-BNOO8-2, gene: pat, commercially available, e.g., as InVigor™ Canola), HCN92 (Topas 19 / 2 (event code: ACS-BNOO7-1, gene: bar, commercially available, e.g., as Liberty Link™ Innovator™), MS1(B91-4) (event code: ACS-BNOO4-7, gene: bar, commercially available, for example, as InVigor™ Canola), MS1xRF1(PGS1) (event code: ACS-BNOO4-7xACS-BNOO1-4, gene: bar, commercially available, for example, as InVigor™ Canola), MS1xRF2(PGS2) (event code: ACS-BNOO4-7xACS-BNOO2-5, gene: bar, commercially available, for example, as InVigor™ Canola), MS1xRF3 (event code: ACS-BNOO4-7xACS-BNOO3-6, gene: bar, commercially available, for example, as InVigor™ Canola), MS8 (event code: ACS-BNOO5-8, gene: bar, commercially available, for example, as InVigor™ Canola), r™ Canola), MS8xRF3 (event code: ACS-BNOO5-8xACS-BNOO3-6, gene: bar, commercially available, for example, as InVigor™ Canola), RF1 (B93-101) (event code: ACS-BNOO1-4, gene: bar, commercially available, for example, as InVigor™ Canola), RF2 (B94-2) (event code: ACS-BNOO2-5, gene: bar, commercially available, for example, as InVigor™ Canola), RF3 (event code: ACS-BNOO3-6, gene: bar, commercially available, for example, as InVigor™ Canola), MS1xMON88302 (event code: ACS-BNOO4-7xMON-883O2-9, gene: bar, commercially available, for example, as InVigor™ xTruFlex™ RoundupReady™ Canola), MS8xMON88302 (event code: ACS-BNOO5-8xMON-883O2-9, gene: bar, commercially available, for example, as InVigor™ xTruFlex™ Roundup Ready™ Canola), RF1xMON88302 (event code: ACS-BNOO1-4xMON-883O2-9, gene: bar, commercially available, for example, as InVigor™ xTruFlex™ Roundup Ready™ Canola), RF2xMON88302 (event code: ACS-BNOO2-5xMON-883O2-9, gene: bar, commercially available, for example, as InVigor™ xTruFlex™ Roundup Ready™ Canola). Ready™ Canola), HCN28xMON88302 (event code: ACS-BNOO8-2xMON-883O2-9, gene: pat, e.g., InVigor™ x TruFlex™ Roundup Ready™ Canola), HCN92xMON88302 (event code: ACS-BNOO7-1xMON-883O2-9, gene: bar, e.g., Liberty Link™ Innovator™ x TruFlex™ Roundup Ready™ Canola), HCR-1 (gene: pat), MON88302xMS8xRF3 (event code: MON-883O2-9xACS-BNOO5-8xACS-BNOO3-6, gene: bar), MON88302xRF3 (event code: MON-883O2-9xACS-BNOO3-6, gene: bar), MS8xRF3xGT73(RT73) (event code: , gene: bar), PHY14 (event code: ACS-BNOO5-8xACS-BNOO3-6xMON-OOO73-7, gene: bar), PHY23 (gene: bar), PHY35 (gene: bar) and PHY36 (gene: bar) and 73496xRF3 (event code: DP-O73496-4xACS-BNOO3-6, gene: bar).

[0299] Transgenic rice events comprising a glufosinate tolerance gene are, for example, but not exclusively, LLRICE06 (event code: ACS-OSOO1-4, commercially available, e.g., as Liberty Link™ rice), LLRICE601 (event code: BCS-OSOO3-7, commercially available, e.g., as Liberty Link™ rice), and LLRICE62 (event code: ACS-OSOO2-5, commercially available, e.g., as Liberty Link™ rice).

[0300] Glufosinate compositions have outstanding herbicidal activity against a wide range of economically important monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous harmful plants, where postemergence application is still preferred.

[0301] In particular, some representatives of the monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous weed flora that can be controlled by the combinations according to the invention may be mentioned, without the list being limited to any particular species.

[0302] In the present context, reference may be made to the growth stages in the BBCH monograph "Growth stages of mono- and dicotyledonous plants", 2nd edition, 2001, edited by Uwe Meier, Federal Biological Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry (Biologische Bundesanstalt fur Land und Forstwirtschaft).

[0303] Examples of monocotyledonous harmful plants on which glufosinate combinations act effectively are Hordeum spp., Echinochloa spp., Poa spp., Bromus spp., Digitaria spp., Eriochloa spp., Setaria spp., Pennisetum spp., Eleusine spp., and others. species, Eragrostis species, Panicum species, Lolium species, Brachiaria species, Leptochloa species, Avena species, Cyperus species, Axonopris species, Sorghum species, and Melinus species.

[0304] Specific examples of monocotyledonous harmful plant species on which glufosinate compositions act effectively include Hordeum murinum, barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli), annual bluegrass (Poa annua), brown brome (Bromus rubens L.), long-grass brome (Bromus rigidus), black brome (Bromus secalinus L.), digitalia sanguinalis, large crabgrass (Digitaria insularis), barnyard grass (Eriochloa gracilis), foxtail grass (Setaria faberi), green foxtail (Setaria viridis), pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), goosegrass (Eleusine indica, Eragrostis pectinacea, Panicum miliaceum, Lolium multiflorum, Brachiaria platyphylla, Leptochloa fusca, Avena fatua, Cyperus compressus, Cyperus esculentes, Axonopris offinis, Sorghum halapense, and Melinis repens.

[0305] In a preferred embodiment, the glufosinate composition is used to control monocotyledonous harmful plant species, more preferably Echinochloa spp., Digitaria spp., Setaria spp., Goosegrass spp. and Brachiarium spp.

[0306] Examples of dicotyledonous harmful plants on which glufosinate compositions act effectively include Amaranthus spp., Erigeron spp., Conyza spp., Polygonum spp., Medicago spp., Mollugo spp., Cyclospermum spp., Stellaria spp., Gnaphalium spp., Taraxacum spp., Oenothera spp., Waltham spp., and the like. Amsinckia spp., Erodium spp., Artemisia spp., Senecio spp., Lamium spp., Kochia spp., Chenopodium spp., Lactuca spp., Malva spp., Ipomoea spp., Brassica spp., Sinapis spp., Urtica spp., Sida spp., Portulaca oleracea spp., rtulaca spp., Richardia spp., Ambrosia spp., Calandrinia spp., Sisymbrium spp., Sesbania spp., Capsella spp., Sonchus spp., Euphorbia spp., Helianthus spp., Coronopus spp., Salsola spp., Abutilon spp. n species, Vicia species, Epilobium species, Cardamine species, Picris species, Trifolium species, Galinsoga species, Epimedium species, Marchantia species, Solanum species, Oxalis species, Metricaria species, Plantago species, Tribulus species,Examples include species of the genus Cenchrus, species of the genus Bidens, species of the genus Veronica, and species of the genus Hypochaeris.

[0307] Specific examples of dicotyledonous harmful plant species on which glufosinate compositions can effectively act include Amaranthus spinosus, Polygonum convolvulus, Medicago polymorpha, Mollugo verticillata, Cyclospermum leptophyllum, Stellaria media, Gnaphalium purpureum, Taraxacum officinale, Oenothera laciniata, Amsinckia intermedia, Erodium cicutarium, Erodium moschatum, Erigeron bonariensis (Conyza sativa), and the like. bonariensis, Senecio vulgaris, Lamium amplexicaule, Erigeron canadensis, Polygonum aviculare, Kochia scoparia, Chenopodium album, Lactuca serriola, Malva parviflora, Malva neglecta, Ipomoea hederacea, Ipomoea lacunose, Sinapis arvensis, Urtica dioica, Amaranthus blitoides, Amaranthus retroflexus, Amaranthus hybridus), Black-eye (Amaranthus lividus), Sida spinosa, Common purslane (Portulaca oleracea), Richardia scabra, Ragweed (Ambrosiaartemisiifolia, Calandrinia cau-lescens, Sisymbrium irio, Sesbania exaltata, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Sonchus oleraceus, Euphorbia maculate, Sunflower, Coronopus didymus, Salsola tragus, Abutilon theophrasti, Vicia ben-ghalensis L., Epilobium paniculatum, Cardamine species, Picris aetioides echioides, Trifolia species, Galinzo species, Epimedium species, Marchantia species, Solanum species, Oxalis species, Metricaria matriccarioides, Plantago species, Tribulus terrestris, Salsola kali, Chestnut moth species, Bidens bipinnata, Speedwell species, and Hypochaeris radicata species.

[0308] In a preferred embodiment, the glufosinate composition is used to control dicotyledonous harmful plant species, more preferably Amaranth spp., Artemisia spp., Artemisia spp., Cornus spp., Bucconus spp., and Abutilon spp.

[0309] The glufosinate compositions may also be used to inhibit the growth of Cyperus species, such as Cyperus rotundus L., Cyperus esculentus L., Cyperus brevifolius H., Cyperus microiria Steud, Cyperus iria L., Cyperus difformis L., Cyperus esculentus, Cyperus ferax, Cyperus flavus, Cyperus iria, Cyperus lanceolatus, Cyperus lanceolatus, Cyperus ferax ... It is suitable for controlling many annual and perennial sedge weeds including Cyperus odoratus, Cyperus rotundus, Cyperus serotinus Rottb., Eleocharis acicularis, Eleocharis kuroguwai, Fimbristylis dichotoma, Fimbristylis miliacea, Scirpus grossus, Scirpus juncoides, Scirpus juncoides Roxb, Scirpus or Bolboschoenus maritimus, Scirpus or Schoenoplectus mucronatus, Scirpus planiculmis Fr. Schmidt, etc.

[0310] When glufosinate combinations are applied post-emergence to the green parts of the plants, growth likewise stops abruptly a very short time after the treatment and the weed plants either remain in the growth stage at the time of application or die completely after a certain time, thus eliminating competition from weeds harmful to the crop at a very early stage and in a sustained manner.

[0311] Glufosinate compositions are characterized by rapid onset and long-lasting herbicidal action.In principle, the rain resistance of active compounds in the herbicidal combination according to the present invention is advantageous.In particular, when using glufosinate compositions, application rate can be reduced, a wide range of broadleaf weeds and grass weeds can be controlled, herbicidal action occurs more quickly, duration of action is longer, harmful plants can be better controlled with only one or several applications, and possible application period can be extended.

[0312] The above properties and advantages are beneficial in weed control practices to protect crops from undesirable competing plants and thus protect and / or increase yields in qualitative and / or quantitative terms. These glufosinate compositions significantly exceed the state of the art with respect to the described properties.

[0313] Due to its herbicidal and plant growth regulating properties, glufosinate compositions can be used to control harmful plants in genetically modified crops or crops obtained by mutation / selection. These crops are in principle distinguished by certain advantageous properties, such as resistance to herbicidal compositions or resistance to plant diseases or causative pathogens of plant diseases, such as certain insects or microorganisms, such as fungi, bacteria, or viruses. Other specific properties relate to the harvested product, for example, in terms of quantity, quality, storability, composition, and specific components. Thus, for example, transgenic plants are known, such as those with increased starch content or those with altered starch quality, or those with a different fatty acid composition of the harvested product.

[0314] The present invention also relates to a method for controlling undesirable vegetation (e.g., harmful plants), which comprises applying a glufosinate composition, preferably by a post-emergence method, to the harmful or undesirable plant, to parts of said harmful or undesirable plant, or to an area in which the harmful or undesirable plant grows, e.g. an area under cultivation.

[0315] In the context of the present invention, "controlling" means significantly reducing the growth of harmful plants compared to untreated harmful plants. Preferably, the growth of harmful plants is essentially reduced (60-79%), more preferably the growth of harmful plants is largely or completely inhibited (80-100%), in particular the growth of harmful plants is almost completely or completely inhibited (90-100%).

[0316] Thus, in a further aspect, the present invention relates to a method for controlling the growth of undesirable plants and / or for controlling harmful plants, comprising the step of applying a glufosinate composition (preferably in one of the preferred embodiments as defined herein) to the undesirable or harmful plants, to parts of the undesirable or harmful plants, or to an area in which the undesirable or harmful plants grow.

[0317] The glufosinate composition can be used to control undesirable vegetation in burn down programs, industrial vegetation management and forestry, vegetable and perennial crops, and turf and lawn, and the glufosinate composition can be applied pre-emergence or post-emergence, i.e. before, during and / or after emergence of undesirable plants. It is preferred to apply as a post-emergence treatment, i.e. during and / or after emergence of undesirable plants. In the present invention, the glufosinate composition is applied to the locus where the crop is to be planted, before planting or emergence of the crop.

[0318] In industrial weed management and forestry, it is desirable to control a wide range of weeds for a long period of time. It is also desirable to control large weeds or tall species, such as shrubs or trees. Industrial weed management includes, for example, railroad and right-of-way management, fence lines, and non-agricultural land, such as industrial and building sites, gravel areas, roads or sidewalks. Forestry includes, for example, the clearing of existing forest or shrubland, the removal of regeneration after mechanical deforestation, or the control of weeds in forestry plantations. In the latter case, it may be desirable to protect desirable trees from contact with the spray solution containing the herbicidal mixture according to the present invention.

[0319] The glufosinate compositions can also be used for turf and lawn weed control, so long as the desired grass species is tolerant to the glufosinate compositions. In particular, such glufosinate compositions can be used for the desired grasses that have been made tolerant to the respective pesticidal active ingredient, e.g., glufosinate or a salt thereof, by mutagenesis or genetic engineering.

[0320] Glufosinate and its salts are non-selective systemic herbicides with good post-emergence activity against many weeds and therefore can be used in burn down programs, industrial vegetation management and forestry, vegetable and perennial crops, and turf and turfgrass.

[0321] The present invention therefore also relates to a method for burn-down treatment of undesirable vegetation in a crop, comprising applying a glufosinate composition to the locus where the crop is to be planted prior to planting (or sowing) or emergence of the crop. In this specification, the glufosinate composition is applied to the undesirable vegetation or to its locus.

[0322] The present invention also relates to a method for controlling undesirable vegetation, comprising applying a glufosinate composition to a location where undesirable vegetation is present or expected to be present. Application can be performed before, during and / or after emergence of the undesirable vegetation, preferably during and / or after emergence. In one embodiment, application is performed before emergence of a crop grown in a location where undesirable vegetation is present or expected to be present. In another embodiment, application is performed before planting of the crop.

[0323] As used herein, the terms "controlling" and "combating" are synonymous.

[0324] As used herein, the terms "undesirable vegetation," "undesirable species," "undesirable plants," "harmful plants," "undesirable weeds," or "noxious weeds" are synonyms.

[0325] The term "locus" as used herein means an area, typically a field, where vegetation or plants are growing or are to be grown.

[0326] In the burn-down program, the glufosinate composition can be applied before or after sowing (or planting) of the crop plants, but before the emergence of the crop plants, in particular before sowing. The herbicide composition is preferably applied before sowing of the crop plants. In the case of burn-down, the herbicide composition is generally applied on a day up to 9 months, frequently up to 6 months, preferably up to 4 months before planting of the crop. Burn-down application can be performed on a day up to 1 day before the emergence of the crop plants, preferably on a day before sowing / planting of the crop plants, preferably at least 1 day, preferably at least 2 days, and in particular at least 4 days, or 6 months to 1 day before emergence, in particular 4 months to 2 days before emergence, and more preferably 4 months to 4 days before emergence. Of course, it is possible to repeat the burn-down application one or more times within the period, for example 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 times.

[0327] It is particularly advantageous that the glufosinate composition has very good post-emergence herbicidal activity, i.e., it exhibits good herbicidal activity against emerged undesirable plants. Thus, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the glufosinate composition is applied post-emergence, i.e., during and / or after emergence of the undesirable plants. In particular, it is advantageous to apply the glufosinate composition after emergence, when the undesirable plants start to develop leaves up to flowering. The herbicidal composition is particularly useful for controlling undesirable vegetation and / or large weed populations that have already developed in a state that is difficult to control with conventional burn-down mixtures, i.e., when the individual weeds are higher than 10 cm (4 inches) or even higher than 15 cm (6 inches). For post-emergence treatment of plants, the glufosinate composition is preferably applied as a foliar spray.

[0328] The glufosinate compositions can be applied in a conventional manner by using techniques familiar to those skilled in the art. Suitable techniques include spraying, misting, dusting, spreading or watering. The type of application depends on the intended purpose in a well-known manner, but in any case they should ensure the best possible distribution of the active ingredient according to the invention.

[0329] In one embodiment, the glufosinate composition is applied to the locus primarily by spraying, in particular by foliar application of an aqueous dilution of the active ingredient of the mixture. Application can be carried out by conventional spraying techniques, for example using water as a carrier and a spray volume of about 10-2000 l / ha or 50-1000 l / ha (e.g. 100-500 l / ha). Application of the mixture of the invention by the low-volume method and the ultra-low-volume method is possible, as is application in the form of microgranules.

[0330] The required application rate of the glufosinate composition will depend on the density of the undesirable vegetation, the developmental stage of the plants, the climatic conditions where the mixture is to be used, and the method of application.

[0331] In general, application rates of L-glufosinate or a salt thereof are usually in the range of 50 g / ha to 3000 g / ha, and preferably 100 g / ha to 2000 g / ha or 200 g / ha to 1500 g / ha of active substance (ai).

[0332] When using the glufosinate composition in the method of the present invention, the glufosinate or its salt and the compound of formula (I) can be applied simultaneously or sequentially where undesirable vegetation may occur. Herein, it is not important whether the individual compounds present in the mixture of the present invention are combined together or separately, applied together or separately, and, if applied separately, in what order the application is performed. The only requirement is that the individual compounds present in the mixture of the present invention are applied during a period that allows the active ingredient and / or the compound of formula (I) to act simultaneously on the undesirable plants.

[0333] The glufosinate composition exhibits sustained herbicidal activity even under difficult weathering conditions, allowing for more flexible application in burndown applications and minimizing the risk of weed escape. Apart from that, the glufosinate composition exhibits excellent crop compatibility with certain conventional crop plants and herbicide-resistant crop plants, i.e., their use in these crops results in reduced damage to crop plants and / or does not result in increased damage to crop plants. Therefore, the glufosinate composition can also be applied after emergence of crop plants. The glufosinate composition can also exhibit a promotion effect on harmful plants, i.e., act more quickly on damage caused by harmful plants.

[0334] The glufosinate compositions are also suitable for controlling weeds that are resistant to commonly used herbicides, such as weeds that are resistant to glyphosate, weeds that are resistant to auxin inhibitor herbicides, such as 2,4-D or dicamba, weeds that are resistant to photosynthesis inhibitors, such as atrazine, weeds that are resistant to ALS inhibitors, such as sulfonylureas, imidazolinones or triazolopyrimidines, weeds that are resistant to ACCase inhibitors, such as clodinafop, clethodim or pinoxaden, or weeds that are resistant to protoporphyrinogen-IX-oxidase inhibitors, such as sulfentrazone, flumioxazin, fomesafen or acifluorfen, such as the weeds listed in the International Survey of Resistant Weeds (http: / / www.weedscience.org / Summary / SpeciesbySOATable.aspx). In particular, ACCase-resistant weeds are listed in the International Survey of Resistant Weeds, such as barnyard grass, oat, blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides), barnyard grass (Echinochloa colona), Japanese sedge (Alopecurus japonicus), bromegrass (Bromus tectorum), cornweed, Taiwanese sedge (Ischaemum rugosum), green foxtail, Japanese sorghum (Sorghum halepense), Japanese sedge (Alopecurus aequalis), common bran (Apera spica-venti), oat (Avena sterilis), Beckmannia szygachne, long-horned brome (Bromus diandrus, Digitalia sanguinalis, Echinocloa oryzoides, Echinochloa phyllopogon, Phalaris minor, Phalaris paradoxa, Foxtail grass, Green foxtail, BrachypodiumDistachyon, Bromus sterilis, Cynosurus echinatus, Digitaria ischaemum, Leptochloa chinensis, Phalaris brachystachis, Rotboellia cochinchinensis, Digitaria ciliaris, Ehrharta longiflora, Eriochloa punctata, Leptochloa panicoides, Lolium persicum, Polypogon fugax, Sclerochloa kengiana, Snowdenia polystacha, Sudangrass and Brachiaria plantaginea, ALS inhibitor resistant barnyard grass, annual bluegrass, oat, black grass, barnyard grass, narrow green ivy, palmatum, Amaranthus palmeri, narrow waterfowl, Conyza sumatrensis, Amaranthus retroflexus, Ambrosia artemisifolia, Conyza canadensis, kochia, wild radish raphanistrum, Senecio vernalis, Japanese knotweed, Bidens pilosa, Chinese brook grass, Chinese lamb's foot, Chinese ragwort, Japanese ragwort, Corn grass, Taiwan grass, Japanese field daisy, Japanese foxtail, Sisymbrium orientale, Western sorghum, Japanese foxtail, Amaranthus blitum, Amaranthus retroflexuspowellii), bran, oat, turnip (Brassica rapa), brome, whale grass (Descurainia sophia), Digitalia sanguinalis, barnyard grass, Echinochloa pyropogon, false grass (Euphorbia heterophylla), lettuce, reed canary grass, false grass, autumn foxtail, green foxtail, field mustard, American nightshade (Solanum ptycanthum), common sowweed, chickweed, American black ragweed, Japanese ragweed, common ragweed (Amaranthus viridis), giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida), Bidens subalternans (Bidens subalternans, brome, brome, shepherd's purse, Centaurea cyanus, cornflower, berry grass, fimbristilis miliacea, Galeopsis tetrahit, Galium aparine, Galium spurium, sunflower, Hirschfeldia incana, Limnocharis flava, Limnophila erecta, corn poppy, Parthenium hysterophorus, Phalaris brachystachys, bindweed, Polygonum lapathifolium, Polygonum persicaria, Ranunculus acris, Rottboellia cochinchinensis, Sagittaria montevidensis, Spiny hijiki, Small sedge, Setaria pumila, Sonchus asper, Xanthium strumarium, Ageratum conyzoides, Alismacanaliculatum, Alisma plantago-aquatica, Ammannia auriculata, Ammannia coccinea, Ammannia arvensis, Anthemis cotula, Bacopa rotundifolia, Bifora radians, Blyxa aubertii, Brassica tournefortii, Bromus japonicus, Bromus secalinus, Lithospermum arvense, Camelina microcarpa microcarpa, Chamaesyce maculata, Chrysanthemum coronarium, Clidemia hirta, Crepis tectorum, Cuscuta pentagona, Cypress brevifolis, Sweet berry, Yellow berry, Yellow berry, Damasonium minus, Diplotaxis erucoides, Diplotaxis tenuifolia, Dopatrum junceum, Echium plantagineum, Elatine triandra, Chinese laurel, Erucaria hispanica hispanica, Erysimum repandum, Galium tricornutum, Iva xanthifolia, Ixophorus unisetus, Lamium amplexicaule, Limnophilia sessiliflorasessiliflora, Lindernia dubia, Lindernia micrantha, Lindernia procumbens, Ludwigia prostrata, Matricaria recutita, Mesembryanthemum crystallinum, Monochoria korsakowii, Monochoria vaginalis, Myosoton aquaticum, Neslia paniculata, Oryza sativa var. sylvatica, Pentzia suffruticosa, Picris hieracioides, Raphanus sativus, Rapistrum rugosum, Rorippa indica, Rotala indica, Rotala pusilla, Rumex dentatus, Sagittaria guayensis, Sagittaria pygmaea, Sagittaria trifolia, Schoenoplectus fluviatilis, Schoenoplectus juncoides, Schoenoplectus wallichii, Siberian staghorn finch, Silene gallica, Sinapis alba, Sisymbrium thellungii, Sorghum bicolor, Spergula persica arvensis, Thlaspi arvense, Tripleurospermum perforatum, Vaccaria hispanica and Viciasativa), photosynthesis inhibitor resistant barnyard grass, annual bluegrass, black-and-white grass, small barnyard grass, narrow-leaved green vine, common amaranth, narrow-leaved waterfowl, large ragweed, amaranth, Ambrosia artemiscifolia, artemisia gracilis, broom tree, common radish, Japanese ragweed, Japanese barnyard grass, Japanese burdock, Chinese burdock, Chinese brookweed, Chinese milkweed, common lamb's foot, common ragweed, green foxtail, Japanese knotweed, common waterfowl, common amaranth, common ragweed, Japanese bean grove (Beckmannia syzigachne, turnip, Digitalia sanguinalis, false sedge, reed canary grass, false sedge, autumn foxtail, green foxtail, field mustard, American nightshade, chickweed, American blackfinch, common sedge, Bidens subalternans, wheatgrass, shepherd's purse, Japanese barkgrass (Chloris barbata), Japanese yarrow, Echinochloa erecta, Japanese turnip (Epilobium ciliatum), willow, bindweed, Japanese knotweed, Japanese knotweed, common purslane, Japanese knotweed, golden foxtail, nightshade (Solanum nigrum), Japanese poppy, Urochloa panicoides panicoides), Vulpia bromoides, Avelvetleaf, Amaranthus albus, Amaranthus cruentus, Arabidopsis thaliana, Arenaria serpyllifolia, Bidens tripartita, Chenopodium ficifolium, Chenopodium polyspermum, Crypsis schoenoides, Datura stramonium, Epilobium tetragonum, Galinsoga ciliata, Matricaria discoidea, Panicumcapillare, Panicum dichotomiflorum, Plantago lagopus, Polygonum hydopiper, Polygonum pensylvanicum, Polygonum monspeliensis, Rostraria, Smyrnacea, Rumex acetosella, Setaria verticillata and Urtica urens, PS-I-electron diversion inhibitors Inhibitor resistant annual bluegrass, common ragweed, mugwort, Japanese knotweed, common ragweed, common ragweed, cornweed, Taiwan grass, dogwood, American nightshade, Arctotheca calendula, Japanese onion, Hedyotis verticillata, nightshade, common morning glory, convolvulus arvensis, Crassocephalum crepidioides, Cuphea carthagensis, Erigeron philadelphicus, Gamochaeta pensylvanica, duckweed punctata, Lepidium virginicum, Mazus fauriei, Mazus pumilus, Mitracarpus hirtus, Sclerochloa dura, Solanum americanum and Youngiajaponica), glyphosate-resistant annual grass, barnyard millet, narrow-leaved green amaranth, common amaranth, narrow-leaved waterfowl, large ragweed, Ambrosia artemiscifolia, mugwort, broom tree, common radish, Japanese burdock, ragweed, corngrass, turnip, long-horned brome, lettuce, Common sowweed, Japanese knotweed, giant ragweed, Japanese crabgrass, broadleaf rush, sunflower, American rhizome, Plantago lanceolata, Japanese burdock, Urochloa panicoides, Brachiaria eruciformis, Japanese brook grass, Chloris elata, Chloris truncata, Chloris virgata, Cynodon hirsutus, Lactuca saligna, Leptochloa virgata, Paspalum paniculatum and Tridax procumbens), microtubule assembly inhibitor resistant barnyard grass, annual bluegrass, oat, black foxtail, common amaranth, green foxtail, western sorghum, common foxtail, Japanese knotweed and Fumaria densifloria, auxin herbicide resistant barnyard grass, small barnyard grass, amaranth, common water foxtail, common ragweed, common oak, common radish, Chenopodium album album), Japanese mustard, whale grass, thorny lettuce, field mustard, common sowweed, chickweed, cottonseed, cornflower, northern crabgrass, Japanese quince, Japanese laurel, Japanese bean sprout, white spotted grass, cleaver, Hirschifelzia incana, yellow arrowhead, Limnocharis erecta, corn poppy, plantain, mountain buttercup, musk thistle, Carduus nutans, Carduus pycnocephalus, Centaurea soltitialis, Centaurea stoebe ssp.Micranthos, Cirsium arvense, Commelina diffusa, Echinochloa crus-pavonis, Soliva sessilis and Sphenoclea zeylanica, HPPD inhibitor resistant Acalypha retroflexus and water finch, PPO inhibitor resistant Acalypha australis, Acalypha retroflexus, Acalypha retroflexus, water finch, Ambrosia artemiscifolia, Oat, Rattus gracilis, Eucalyptus japonica, Scabium sieboldii, and Acanthus japonica, Carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitor resistant Hydrilla japonica verticillata), wild radish, Japanese anemone and barnyardgrass, VLCFA inhibitor-resistant black grass, oat and barnyard grass.

[0335] The glufosinate compositions are suitable for controlling / controlling common harmful plants in fields where useful plants (i.e. crops) are to be planted. The mixtures of the present invention are generally suitable for burning down undesirable vegetation in the fields of the following crops: Cereal crops including, for example, cereals (small grain crops), such as wheat and wheat-like crops, for example durum wheat, einkorn (T. monococcum), emmer (T. dicoccon) and spelt (T. spelta), rye, triticale, barley; maize (Zea mays; Corn; Sorghum); sorghum (e.g. Sorghum bicolour); rice (Oryza species, for example Oryza sativa and Oryza glaberrima); and sugar cane; Fabaceae, including soybean, peanut, and pulse crops such as peas, including pea, pigeon pea, and cowpea, beans, including broad beans, Vigna species, and Phaseolus species, and Lens culinaris var.; Brassicaceae, including for example canola, oilseed rape (OSR, Brassica napus), cabbage var. (B. oleracea var.), mustard, e.g. B. juncea, B. campestris, B. narinosa, black mustard, and Brassica tournefortii and turnip var.; Other broadleaf crops including, for example, sunflower, cotton, flax, linseed, sugar beet, potato, and tomato; TNV-crops (TNV: Trees, Nuts and Vines) including, for example, grapes, citrus fruits, pome fruits such as apples and pears, coffee, pistachios and oil palm, stone fruits such as peaches, almonds, walnuts, olives, cherries, plums and apricots; Turfgrasses, pasture grasses, and rangeland grasses; Onion and garlic; Bulb ornamental plants, such as tulips and daffodils; Coniferous and deciduous trees, such as pine, fir, oak, maple, dogwood, hawthorn, hawthorn, and rhamnus (buckthorn); and Garden ornamentals such as roses, petunias, marigolds, and snapdragons.

[0336] In one embodiment, the method for controlling undesirable vegetation is applied to cultivated rice, corn, legume crops, cotton, canola, small grains, soybeans, peanuts, sugarcane, sunflowers, plantation crops, tree crops, nuts, or grapes, hi another embodiment, the method is applied to a cultivated crop selected from glufosinate tolerant crops.

[0337] The glufosinate pesticide compositions are particularly suitable for burning down undesirable vegetation in the fields of the following crop plants: small grain crops, such as wheat, barley, rye, triticale and durum wheat, rice, maize (corn), sugar cane, sorghum, soybean, legume crops, such as peas, beans and lentils, groundnut, sunflower, sugar beet, potato, cotton, cruciferous crops, such as rape, canola, mustard, cabbage and and turnips, turf grass, pasture grass, rangeland grass, grapes, pome fruits such as apples and pears, stone fruits such as peaches, almonds, walnuts, pecans, olives, cherries, plums and apricots, citrus fruits, coffee, pistachios, garden ornamentals such as roses, petunias, marigolds, snapdragons, bulb ornamentals such as tulips and daffodils, coniferous and deciduous trees such as pine, fir, oak, maple, dogwood, hawthorn, hazel, and buckthorn.

[0338] Glufosinate compositions are most suitable for burning down undesirable vegetation in fields of the following crop plants: small grain crops such as wheat, barley, rye, triticale and durum wheat, rice, corn, sugarcane, soybeans, legume crops such as peas, beans and lentils, peanuts, sunflowers, cotton, cruciferous crops such as rape, canola, turfgrass, pasture grasses, range grasses, grapes, stone fruits such as peaches, almonds, walnuts, pecans, olives, cherries, plums and apricots, citrus fruits and pistachios.

[0339] PPO compositions are generally applied to row crops and specialty crops. Examples of row crops include soybean, corn, canola, cotton, cereals or rice, as well as sunflower, potato, dry bean, field pea, flax, safflower, buckwheat and sugar beet. The preferred crops for application method with PPO compositions are corn, soybean, sunflower, rice, cereals and sugar cane.

[0340] Specialty crops are understood to be fruits, plants or other specialty or cultivated orchard crops, such as trees, nuts, vines, (dried) fruits, ornamentals, oil palm, bananas, rubber, etc., and horticulture and nursery crops, including floriculture, may also fall within the definition of specialty crops. Vegetable crops include, for example, aubergine, beans, peppers, cabbage, chilli, cucumber, eggplant, lettuce, melon, onion, potato, sweet potato, spinach and tomato. Plants considered as specialty crops are generally grown intensively. For weed control in vegetable crops, it may be desirable to shield the crop from contact with a spray solution containing the herbicidal mixture according to the invention.

[0341] Generally, the crops that can be treated may be of traditional origin or herbicide-tolerant crops, preferably PPO inhibitor-tolerant crops. Typically, PPO-tolerant crops have tolerance to the PPO inhibitors present in the PPO composition.

[0342] Preferred crops that are tolerant to PPO inhibitors are selected from the group consisting of rice, sugarcane, sunflower, cereals (e.g., wheat, barley, sorghum, millet, oats, rye, triticale), rapeseed, corn, soybean, canola and cotton, more preferably soybean, corn, cotton, rice, sunflower, most preferably soybean, cotton, rapeseed and corn.

[0343] Generally, crops that can be treated with the PPO compositions may be of traditional origin or crops that are herbicide tolerant, preferably crops that are PPO inhibitor tolerant.

[0344] In a preferred embodiment, the PPO composition is applied once, twice or three times per Gregorian year, i.e., once, twice or three times per year according to the Gregorian calendar. In a preferred embodiment, the PPO composition is applied twice per Gregorian year, i.e., twice per year according to the Gregorian calendar. In an alternative preferred embodiment, the glufosinate composition is applied once per Gregorian year, i.e., once per year according to the Gregorian calendar. In a preferred embodiment, the PPO composition is applied once about every 12 months, i.e., once every 12 months. In an alternative preferred embodiment, the PPO composition is applied between once and 10 times per Gregorian year, i.e., up to 10 times per year according to the Gregorian calendar. This alternative preferred method has particular utility in orchard crops, especially those grown in tropical conditions. In tropical conditions, where weeds grow vigorously at any time of the year, previous treatments lose their effectiveness and herbicide applications must be repeated as soon as the weeds begin to regrow.

[0345] The PPO composition is preferably used as a post-emergence application.

[0346] The present invention includes the use and method of application of herbicidal compositions to control undesirable vegetation in crops, preferably during burn down programs. In one embodiment, the herbicidal composition is applied to a locus prior to seeding of a desirable crop plant and after emergence of the undesirable vegetation.

[0347] The present invention therefore also relates to a method for the burn-down treatment of undesirable vegetation in a crop, which comprises applying a herbicide composition to the locus where the crop is to be planted, prior to planting (or sowing) or emergence of the crop, where the herbicide composition is applied to the undesirable vegetation or to its locus.

[0348] In the burn-down program, the herbicide composition can be applied before or after sowing (or planting) of the crop plants, but before the emergence of the crop plants, in particular before sowing. The herbicide composition is preferably applied before sowing of the crop plants. In the case of burn-down, the herbicide composition is generally applied on a day up to 9 months, frequently up to 6 months, preferably up to 4 months before planting of the crop. Burn-down application can be performed on a day up to 1 day before the emergence of the crop plants, preferably on a day before sowing / planting of the crop plants, preferably at least 1 day, preferably at least 2 days, and in particular at least 4 days, or 6 months to 1 day before emergence, in particular 4 months to 2 days before emergence, and more preferably 4 months to 4 days before emergence. Of course, it is possible to repeat the burn-down application one or more times within the period, for example 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 times.

[0349] It is particularly advantageous for the herbicide composition to have very good post-emergence herbicidal activity, i.e., to show good herbicidal activity against emerged undesirable plants. Thus, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the herbicide composition is applied post-emergence, i.e., during and / or after emergence of the undesirable plants. In particular, it is advantageous to apply the herbicide composition after emergence, when the undesirable plants start to develop leaves up to flowering. The herbicide composition is particularly useful for controlling undesirable vegetation and / or large weed populations that have already developed in a state that is difficult to control with conventional burn-down mixtures, i.e., when the individual weeds are higher than 10 cm (4 inches) or even higher than 15 cm (6 inches). For post-emergence treatment of plants, the herbicide composition is preferably applied by foliar spray.

[0350] The herbicide composition exhibits sustained herbicidal activity even under difficult weathering conditions, which allows more flexible application in burndown application and minimizes the risk of weed escape.Apart from that, the herbicide composition exhibits excellent crop compatibility with certain conventional crop plants and herbicide-resistant crop plants, i.e., their use in these crops results in reduced damage to crop plants and / or does not result in increased damage to crop plants.Therefore, the herbicide composition can also be applied after the emergence of crop plants.The herbicide composition can also exhibit an accelerating effect on harmful plants, i.e., it can act more quickly on the damage caused by harmful plants.

[0351] The herbicide composition is suitable for controlling / controlling common harmful plants in fields (i.e. in crops) where useful plants are to be planted.The herbicide composition is generally suitable for burning down undesirable vegetation in fields of the following crops, for example: soybean, cotton, cereals (corn, rice, barley, wheat, maize, millet, etc.), canola and sunflower, especially soybean and cereals.

[0352] In another embodiment, the herbicide composition is applied to the locus after seeding of the desired crop plants, which are tolerant to the PPO inhibitor contained in the herbicide composition, preferably to the locus where undesirable vegetation has already emerged.

[0353] The present invention therefore includes the use and method of application of a herbicide composition for controlling undesirable vegetation in a crop in a burn down program, wherein the crop has been produced by genetic engineering or by breeding and is resistant to attack by one or more herbicides and / or pathogens, such as phytopathogenic fungi and / or insects, preferably to a PPO inhibitor, in particular to a PPO inhibitor contained in the herbicide composition.

[0354] A method of application is preferred in which the crop is produced by genetic engineering or by breeding, is resistant to one or more herbicides and / or to attack by pathogens, such as phytopathogenic organisms and / or insects, and preferably is resistant to the PPO inhibitors mentioned herein.

[0355] Preference is given to crops which are resistant to PPO inhibitors, and PPO-resistant crop plants are preferably selected from the group consisting of rice, sugar cane, sunflower, cereals (such as wheat, barley, maize, millet, oats, rye, triticale), corn, cotton, rapeseed and soybean.

[0356] In crops such as soybean, cotton, rape, flax, lentil, rice, sugar beet, sunflower, tobacco and cereals such as maize or wheat, for example, PPO compositions are typically used against broad-leaved weeds and grass weeds and cause less damage to the crop plants compared to formulations of conventional PPO inhibitors. This effect is observed in particular at low application rates.

[0357] Depending on the method of application in question, the PPO composition can additionally be used on a further number of crop plants in order to remove unwanted plants.

[0358] Suitable crops are, for example: onion (Allium cepa), pineapple (Ananas comosus), peanut (Arachis hypogaea), asparagus (Asparagus officinalis), sugar beet (Beta vulgaris spec. altissima), sugar beet (Beta vulgaris spec. rapa), Brassica napus var. napus, Brassica napus var. napobrassica, Brassica rapa var. sylvestris, tea plant (Camellia sinensis), safflower (Carthamus tinctorius), pecan (Carya illinoinensis), lemon (Citrus limon), orange (Citrus sinensis), coffee plant (Coffea arabica (Coffea canephora, Coffea liberica), cucumber (Cucumis sativus), horsegrass (Cynodon dactylon), carrot (Daucus carota), oil palm (Elaeis guineensis), wild strawberry (Fragaria vesca), soybean (Glycine max), upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum, (Gossypium arboreum, Gossypium herbaceum, Gossypium vitifolium), sunflower (Helianthus annuus), rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis), barley (Hordeum vulgare), hops (Humulus lupulus), sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), Chinese walnut (Juglans regia), lentil (Lens culinaris), flax (Linum usitatissimum), tomato (Lycopersicon lycopersicum), and apple species (Malus spec.), cassava (Manihot esculenta), alfalfa (Medicago sativa), banana species (Musa spec.), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum (N. rustica)), olive (Olea europaea), rice (Oryza sativa), lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus), kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), Norway spruce (Picea abies), pine species (Pinus spec.), pea (Pisum sativum), apricot (Prunus armeniaca), sweet cherry (Prunus avium), sweet cherry (Prunus cerasus), almond (Prunus dulcis), plum (Prunus domestica), peach (Prunus persica), pear (Pyrus communis, red currant (Ribes sylvestre), castor bean (Ricinus communis), sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum), rye (Secale cereale), potato (Solanum tuberosum), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) (sorghum (s. vulgare)), cocoa (Theobroma cacao), red clover (Trifolium pratense), wheat (Triticum aestivum), durum wheat (Triticum durum), broad beans (Vicia faba), grapes (Vitis vinifera) and corn (Zea mays).

[0359] Furthermore, the PPO compositions have also been found to be suitable for the defoliation and desiccation of plant parts, for example crop plants, such as cotton, potato, rapeseed, sunflower, soybean or field beans, in particular cotton.

[0360] As desiccants, PPO compositions are particularly suitable for drying aboveground parts of crop plants, such as potatoes, rapeseed, sunflowers and soybeans. This allows for the complete mechanical harvesting of these important crop plants. Also economically interesting is the facilitation of harvesting, which is possible in citrus fruits, olives and other species and various apple fruits, stone fruits and nuts by concentrating dehiscence or reduced adhesion to the tree in a specific period. The same mechanism, i.e. the promotion of the development of abscission tissue between the fruit or leaf parts and the shoot parts of the plant, is also essential for the controlled defoliation of useful plants, especially cotton. Furthermore, the time interval between the maturation of individual cotton plants is shortened, which increases the fiber quality after harvesting.

[0361] Moreover, the PPO compositions of the present invention have also been found to be suitable for the control of conifers, especially naturally growing conifer seedlings, and in particular for the control of naturally growing pine seedlings.

[0362] PPO compositions have outstanding herbicidal activity against a wide range of economically important monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous harmful plants, again with post-emergence application being preferred.

[0363] In particular, some representatives of the monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous weed flora which can be controlled by the combinations according to the invention may be mentioned, without the listing being limited to any particular species.

[0364] Examples of monocotyledonous harmful plants on which the herbicidal composition can be effectively acted upon are Cenchrus pauciflorus, Chloris spp. (e.g., Chloris spp.), Commelina erecta, Corngrass, Cyperus spp., Corngrass, Trichloris crinita, Corn (wild), Cenchrus echinatus, Commelina benghalensis, Pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum), Crabgrass spp. (e.g., Large crabgrass, Digitalia sanguinaris, Digitalia horizontalis, Digitalia nuda), Millet spp. (e.g., Panicum spp.), maximum), Panicum fasciculatum), Goosegrass, Lolium species (e.g., Brachypodium platyphylla), Urochloa or Brachiaria species (e.g., Urochloa or Brachiaria plantaginea), Brachiaria plantaginea (Link) RDWebster(Urochloa or Brachiaria plantaginea (Link) RDWebster, Urochloa or Brachiaria decumbens), Dactyloctenium aegyptium, Commelina communis, Common hornwort, Green foxtail species (e.g. Setaria glauca or pumila), Quercus spp. (e.g. Green foxtail, Setaria violacea, Setaria glauca or pumila), Elymus repens, Leptochloa species (e.g. Leptochloa filiformis, Leptochloa fascicularis, Leptochloa panicoides), Barnyardgrass species (e.g. Echinochloa orientalis, ... oryzicola, Echinochloa crus-pavonis, Barnyard grass, Echinochloa crus-pavonis (Kunth) JA Schultes, Echinochloa walteri (Pursh) Heller, Echinochloa colonum, Leersia japonica, Ischaemum rugosum, Rice, Leersia hexandra, Oryza latifolia, Hordeum spontaneum, Rottboellia exaltata, Luziola subintegra subintegra, Paspalum spp. (e.g. Paspalum distichum), Oryza rufipogon, Alopecurus japonicus Steud, Alopecurus aequalis Sobol, Black-grass, Common bracken, Avena spp. (e.g. Avena fatua L.), Avena sterillis, Avena strigosa, Aegilops tauschii Coss, Aegilops cylindrica, Sclerochloa kengiana (Ohwi) Tzvel., Beckmannia syzigachne (Steud.) Fernald, Lolium multiflorum Lam, Poa trivialis L., Polypogon fugax. N., Phleum paniculatum, Puccinellia distans, Lolium multiflorum Lam. rigidum, Urochloa panicoides, Bromus spp. (e.g. Bromus japonicus Thunb, Bromus japonicus), Hordeum leporinum, Phalaris spp. (e.g. Phalaris brachystachys, Phalaris persicaria), Annual bluegrass, Common marsh grass, Agrostis alba, Quackgrass (Agropyron repens), Barley grass (Lolium perenne), Common reed grass (Phragmites australis), Imperata cylindrica), Poo spp., Lolium persicum, Hordeum jubatum, Rye, Rotboellia conchrinchinensis (Lour.) WD Clayton, Urochloa ramosa (L.) Nguyen, Murdannia nudiflora (L.) Brenan, Sorghum almum, Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum), Echnichloa colonum, Ixophorus unicetus, and Commelinus officinalis.

[0365] In a preferred embodiment, the herbicide composition is directed against monocotyledonous harmful plant species, more preferably maize (volunteer), burdock moth, Avena strigosa, pearl millet, guinea grass, Digitaria species (e.g. large crabgrass, Digitalia horizontalis, Digitalia nuda), goosegrass, Lolium species (e.g. wheatgrass), Corn millet or Corn millet species (e.g. Brachiaria plantaginea (Urochloa or Brachiaria plantaginea (Link) RD Webster), Brachiaria decumbens (Urochloa or Brachiaria decumbens), Taiwan grass reed, rice, barnyard millet, Taiwan grass oak, Leptochloa spp. (e.g. Leptochloa panicoides), Rottboellia exaltata (Rottboellia cochichinensis or exaltata), Avena species (e.g. wild oat), Lolium species (e.g. wheatgrass), Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. and Muscicapa species.

[0366] Examples of dicotyledonous harmful plants against which the herbicidal composition acts efficiently are Amaranthus spp. (e.g. Amaranthus tuberculatus / Amaranthus rudis, Amaranthus quitensis, Amaranthus retroflexus), Chenopodium spp. (e.g. Chenopodium quinoa, Chenopodium serotinum), common ragweed, giant ragweed, common burr, artemisia, sunflower, Helianthus theophrasti, Borrelia spp. (e.g. Borrelia weltiichirata, ... verticillata), turnip, Carduus acanthoides, Japanese laurel, Parietaria debilis, Portulaca oleracea, Raphanus spp. (e.g., wild radish, Raphanus sativus L. var sativus), ragwort, Ipomoea spp. (e.g., Ipomoea grandifolia, Ipomoea indivisa, American morning glory, Ipomoea lacunosa, Ipomoea wrightii, Ipomoea lonchophylla), Senna obtusifolia, Sida spp. (e.g. Sida rhombifolia, Sida spinosa L.), Spermacoce latifolia, Chinese daisy, American rhombuses, Chinese hackberry, Sinapsis arvensis, Ammi majus, Atriplex spp. (e.g. Atriplex patula), Matricaria spp.) (e.g. Matricaria inodora, Matricaria chamomilla), Galinsoga spp., Orobanche spp., Corn poppy, Mercurialis annua, Field thistle, Calystegia sepium, Chickweed, Spotted chickweed, Lamium spp. (e.g. Lamium amplexicaule), Viola spp. (e.g. Viola arvensis), American morning glory, Xanthium spp., Celosia argentea, Melampodium divaricatum, Cleome viscosa, Molugo verticilatus, Boerhavia erecta, Gomphrena spp., Nicandra physalodes, Castor bean, Monochoria vaginalis, Eichhornia crassipes, Linderina pyxidaria L., American dusky croaker, Eclipta prostrata, Bidens frondosa, Aneilema keisak, Sagittaria pygmaea Miq., Arrowhead (Sagittaria trifolia L.), Pondweed (Potamogeton distinctus, Ardisia crenata, Long-leaved sumac, Jussiaea spp., Monochoria hastata, Heteranthera limosa, Ammannia spp. (e.g. Lythrum salicaria), Japanese arrowhead, Ardisia crenata, Echinodorus grandiflorus, Aeschynomene spp.) (e.g. Aeschynomene rudis, Aeschynomene denticulata, Aeschynomene indica), Eclipta alba, Ludwigia spp. (e.g. Ludwigia octovallis), Caperonia palustris, Murdannia nudiflora, Yellow Arrowfoot, Pistia stratiotes, Rotala ramosior, Sesbania herbacea, Macroptilium lathyroides, Macropthilium lathyroides, Alternantha philoxeroides, Alternantha tenella, Caperonia castaneifolia, Eleocharis spp., Lindernia pyxidaria, Physalis spp., Sagittaria sagittifolia, Galium aparine L, Descuminia sophia (L.), Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic), Common chickweed (Stellaria media (Linn.)), Common chickweed (Malachium aquaticum (L.), Cornus species (e.g. Cornus officinalis, Sonchus arvensis, Cornus poppy), Polygonum species (e.g. Cornus serrata, Cornus serrata, Cornus serrata, Cornus serrata), Bindweed (Fallopia convulvulus), Roughbush (Erigeron bonariensis), Common dock, Coronopus didymus, Melilotus species, Medicago sativa, Malva parviflora, Chickweed (Anagallis arvensis), Capsella media, Rorippa islandica, Rumex obtusifolius obtusifolius, soybean, yellow spp. (e.g. Sisymbrium officinale), silverleaf, clover, false chamomile, Anthemis arvensis, Crepis capillaris, Lithospermum arvense, Cephalanoploides segetum, Geranium spp. (e.g. Geranium donianum Sweet., Geranium pusillum, Geranium dissectum), Leucas chinensis, flea's jasmine, Anacamtodon fortunei Mitt.), Solanum species (e.g. nightshade), Trianthema spp.) (e.g. Trianthema portulacastrum), Euphorbia species (e.g. Euphorbia hirta, Euphorbia helioscopia Linn, Euphorbia dentata, False jasmine, Common pea, Lathyrus aphaca, Asphodelus tenuifolius, Brassica kaber, Argemone mexicana, Launea mudicaulis, Cornflower, Field mustard, Chamomile, Tripleurospermum inodorum, Japanese oak, Japanese burdock, lettuce, rapeseed, shepherd's purse, mountain laurel, Myosotis arvensis, horsetail (Equisetum arvense), Descurainia pinnata, speedonia species (e.g. Veronica persica, Veronica polita Fries), Mucuna spp., Momordica charantia, Merremia aegyptia, dayflower, Kallstroemia maxima, Croton lobatus lobatus, Melampodium, Oxalis neaei, Ricardia scabra, Phyllanthus sp, Sichyos polyacanthus.

[0367] Preferred examples of dicotyledonous harmful plants against which the herbicidal composition acts efficiently are Ipomoea spp. (e.g. Ipomoea grandifolia), Mumplegnia spp., Castor bean (Ricinus communis), Momordica charantia, Melemia aegyptia, Siberian ragwort, Dayflower, Amaranthus spp. (e.g. Amaranthus quitensis), Rattus arvensis, Bacillus orbiculatus, Scutellaria spp., Oriental ragwort, Common daisy, Borrelia weltigrita, Sagittaria montevidensis, Ludwigia octovalis), Aeschynomene rudis, Echinodorus grandiflorus, Coix weed, Common radish, Soybean, and Radish.

[0368] The herbicidal composition is also suitable for controlling a large number of annual and perennial Cyperaceae weeds, including Cyperus spp., Cyperus orbiculatus, Cyperus spp., Cyperus spp., Cyperus spp., Cyperus spp., Cyperus spp., Cyperus spp., Cyperus spp., Cyperus spp., Cyperus spp., Cyperus spp., Cyperus spp., Cyperus spp., Cyperus spp., Cyperus spp., Cyperus spp., Cyperus spp., Cyperus lanceolatus, Cyperus spp. ...

[0369] Preferred examples of sedge weeds against which the herbicidal composition acts efficiently are Cyperus species, Cyperus difformis L., Cyperus orbiculatus, Cyperus sieboldii, Cyperus lanceolatus and Cyperus lanceolatus.

[0370] If the PPO combinations are applied post-emergence to the green parts of the plants, growth likewise stops abruptly a very short time after the treatment and the weed plants either remain in the growth stage at the time of application or die completely after a certain time, thus eliminating in a lasting manner the competition by weeds harmful to the crop at a very early stage.

[0371] PPO compositions are characterized by their rapid onset and long-lasting herbicidal action.Generally, the rain resistance of the active compounds in the herbicidal combination of the present invention is advantageous.In particular, when glufosinate compositions are used, application rate can be reduced, a wide range of broadleaf weeds and grass weeds can be controlled, herbicidal action occurs more quickly, duration of action is longer, harmful plants can be better controlled with only one or several applications, and possible application period can be extended.

[0372] The above properties and advantages are beneficial in weed control practices to protect crops from undesirable competing plants and thus protect and / or increase yields in qualitative and / or quantitative terms. These PPO compositions significantly exceed the state of the art in terms of the described properties.

[0373] Due to their herbicidal and plant growth regulating properties, PPO compositions can be used to control harmful plants in genetically modified crops or crops obtained by mutation / selection.These crops are generally distinguished by certain advantageous properties, such as resistance to herbicidal compositions, or resistance to plant diseases or pathogens causing plant diseases, such as certain insects or microorganisms, such as fungi, bacteria or viruses.Other specific properties relate to the harvested product, for example, in terms of quantity, quality, storability, composition and specific components.Thus, transgenic plants are known, for example, with increased starch content, or with altered starch quality, or with harvested product having different fatty acid composition, etc.

[0374] The present invention also relates to a method for controlling undesirable vegetation (e.g., harmful plants), which comprises applying a PPO composition, preferably by a post-emergence method, to harmful or undesirable plants, parts of said harmful or undesirable plants, or to an area in which harmful or undesirable plants grow, e.g., an area under cultivation.

[0375] In the context of the present invention, "controlling" refers to a significant reduction in the growth of harmful plants compared to untreated harmful plants. Preferably, the growth of harmful plants is essentially reduced (60-79%), more preferably the growth of harmful plants is largely or completely inhibited (80-100%), in particular the growth of harmful plants is almost completely or completely inhibited (90-100%).

[0376] Thus, in a further aspect, the present invention relates to a method for controlling the growth of undesirable plants and / or for controlling harmful plants, comprising the step of applying a PPO composition (preferably in one of the preferred embodiments as defined herein) to the undesirable or harmful plants, to parts of the undesirable or harmful plants, or to an area in which the undesirable or harmful plants grow.

[0377] The PPO compositions are also suitable for controlling weeds that are resistant to commonly used herbicides, such as weeds that are resistant to glyphosate, weeds that are resistant to auxin inhibitor herbicides, such as 2,4-D or dicamba, weeds that are resistant to photosynthesis inhibitors, such as atrazine, weeds that are resistant to ALS inhibitors, such as sulfonylureas, imidazolinones or triazolopyrimidines, weeds that are resistant to ACCase inhibitors, such as clodinafop, clethodim or pinoxaden, or weeds that are resistant to protoporphyrinogen-IX-oxidase inhibitors, such as sulfentrazone, flumioxazin, fomesafen or acifluorfen, for example, as listed in the International Survey of Resistant Weeds (http: / / www.weedscience.org / Summary / SpeciesbySOATable.aspx), preferably weeds that are resistant to PPO inhibitors.

[0378] Thus, the present invention also provides a method for controlling the growth of PPO-resistant weeds, comprising the step of contacting such weeds, parts thereof, their propagation material or their habitat with a PPO composition, wherein the PPO-resistant weeds are weeds that are tolerant to PPO-inhibiting herbicides other than a PPO composition and compositions containing same.

[0379] The present invention particularly relates to a method for controlling PPO-resistant weeds in crops, comprising the step of applying a PPO composition to a crop in which said PPO-herbicide-resistant weeds are occurring or may occur.

[0380] The term "PPO-resistant weed" refers to a plant that has inherited, expressed, or acquired the ability to: 1) survive treatment with an appropriate or supra-appropriate amount of a PPO-inhibiting herbicide, when the treatment is lethal to (i.e., eradicates) wild-type weeds, or 2) exhibit significant vegetative growth or luxuriance following treatment, when the treatment suppresses the growth of wild-type weeds.

[0381] Effective weed control is defined as at least 70% weed suppression or eradication from the crop, or as phototoxicity of at least 70% of the weed plants, determined two weeks after treatment.

[0382] Thus, PPO-resistant weeds are weeds that are not controlled by application of a PPO inhibitor or by application of a composition containing a PPO inhibitor other than a herbicide composition, but the respective susceptible biotypes are controlled at the application rates.

[0383] Here, "not controlled" means that weed control (herbicidal effect) determined 2 weeks after treatment in a visual assessment is less than 70% weed suppression or eradication, and "controlled" means that weed control determined 2 weeks after treatment in a visual assessment is more than 90% weed suppression or eradication.

[0384] Preferably, PPO-resistant weeds are weeds that are not controlled by application of a PPO-inhibiting herbicide or a composition containing a PPO inhibitor other than a herbicide composition (i.e., in a visual assessment, weed control determined 2 weeks after treatment is less than 70% weed suppression or eradication).

[0385] Also preferably, PPO-resistant weeds are weeds that are not controlled by a PPO-inhibiting herbicide or a composition containing a PPO inhibitor other than a herbicide composition at an application rate of 200 g / ha or less, particularly preferably 100 g / ha or less, especially preferably 50 to 200 g / ha, more preferably 50 to 100 g / ha (i.e., in a visual assessment, weed control determined 2 weeks after treatment is less than 70% weed suppression or eradication), but the respective susceptible biotype is controlled at that application rate (i.e., in a visual assessment, weed control determined 2 weeks after treatment is more than 90% weed suppression or eradication).

[0386] Also preferably, the PPO-resistant weeds are those that are classified as being "PPO-resistant" and therefore listed according to Anonymous: List of herbicide resistant weeds by herbicide mode of action - weeds resistant to PPO inhibitors (URL: http: / / www.weedscience.org / summary / MOA.aspx).

[0387] Particularly preferably, the PPO-resistant weeds are selected from the group consisting of Acalypha ssp., Amaranth ssp., Ragweed ssp., Avena sativa ssp., Descurainia ssp., Goosegrass ssp., Euphorbia ssp., Looseweed ssp. and Senecio ssp., particularly preferably Amaranth ssp., Ragweed ssp. and Euphorbia ssp., more preferably Amaranth ssp. and Ragweed ssp.

[0388] PPO compositions are particularly useful for controlling PPO-resistant weeds that are generally resistant to PPO inhibitors, such as Acalypha australis, Euphorbia maculata, Euphorbia dentata, Euphorbia supina, Chenopodium album, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Bromus tectorum, Conyza canadensis, Sonchus oleraceus, Setaria viridis, Euphorbia heterophylla, Lolium temulentum, and Centaurea cyanus.

[0389] Also particularly preferably, the PPO-resistant weeds are selected from the group consisting of Asian copperleaf, Euphorbia esula, Conyza ambigua, Artemisia vulgaris, and Sonchus oleraceus.

[0390] Most PPO-resistant weeds, particularly the biotypes of Chenopodium album, are resistant due to a codon deletion in the nuclear-encoded gene PPX2L, which encodes a PPO enzyme that dual-targets mitochondria and chloroplasts. This results in a deletion of the glycine amino acid at position 210 (see, for example, B. G. Young et al., Characterization of PPOInhibitor-Resistant Waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) Response to Soil-Applied PPOInhibiting Herbicides, Weed Science 2015, 63, 511-521).

[0391] The second type of mutation was identified, specifically in resistant ragweed biotypes, as a mutation expressing the R98L change in the PPX2 enzyme (SL Rousonelos, RM Lee, MS Moreira, MJ VanGessel, PJ Tranel, Characterization of a Common Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) Population Resistant to ALS- and PPOInhibiting Herbicides, Weed Science 60, 2012, 335-344.).

[0392] Thus, preferably, PPO-resistant weeds are weeds in which the Protox enzyme is resistant to the application of a PPO inhibitor due to a mutation expressed as a ΔG210 or R98L change in said Protox enzyme or its equivalent PPX2L or PPX2, respectively, in particular a ΔG210 or R98L change in said Protox enzyme.

[0393] The PPO composition is useful for controlling unwanted vegetation. For this purpose, the PPO composition may be applied by itself or, preferably, after dilution with water. Preferably, for various purposes of application by the end user, a so-called aqueous spray solution is prepared by diluting the composition of the present invention with water, for example tap water. The spray solution may also contain, in dissolved, emulsified or suspended form, further components such as fertilizers, the active substances of other groups of herbicides or growth-regulating active substances, further active substances such as active substances for controlling animal pests or phytopathogenic fungi or bacteria, further mineral salts used to alleviate deficiencies of nutrients and trace elements, and non-phytotoxic oils or oil concentrates. Generally, these components are added to the spray mixture before, during or after dilution of the PPO composition according to the present invention. The composition of the present invention can be applied by a pre-emergence method or a post-emergence method. When certain crop plants are not very resistant to PPO inhibitors, the leaves of the sensitive crop plants should ideally not come into contact with the herbicide composition, but the active substance should reach the leaves of the unwanted plants growing beneath them or the exposed soil surface. An application technique (post-emergence induction, after incorporation) can be used in which the herbicide composition is sprayed using a spraying device.

[0394] Depending on the target of the control means, the season, the target plant and the growth stage, the composition of the present invention is applied such that the application rate of the PPO inhibitor is 0.001 to 3.0, preferably 0.01 to 1.0 kg / ha.

[0395] The present invention also relates to an adjuvant solution comprising a compound of formula (I) (preferably 40 to 95% by weight of the compound of formula (I)), an organic solvent and preferably up to 5% by weight of water. In one embodiment, the adjuvant solution comprises a compound of formula (I) [wherein M + is a monoethanolammonium cation] and more than 10% by weight of an organic solvent.

[0396] The adjuvant solution may contain up to 5% by weight, preferably up to 2% by weight, more preferably up to 1% by weight, most preferably up to 0.5% by weight of water. In one embodiment, the adjuvant solution does not contain water.

[0397] The adjuvant composition may comprise 40-95% by weight of the compound of formula (I). The adjuvant composition may comprise the compound of formula (I) in a concentration of at least 50% by weight, preferably at least 60% by weight, more preferably at least 70% by weight, most preferably at least 75% by weight, particularly preferably at least 80% by weight, especially at least 83% by weight, for example at least 85% by weight. The adjuvant composition may comprise the compound of formula (I) in a concentration of up to 90% by weight, preferably up to 88% by weight, more preferably up to 85% by weight. Typically, the adjuvant composition comprises the compound of formula (I) in a concentration of 40-95% by weight, preferably 55-90% by weight, more preferably 65-90% by weight, most preferably 75-90% by weight.

[0398] The adjuvant solution comprises an organic solvent. The organic solvent typically has a water solubility of at least 1% by weight at 20°C, preferably at least 5% by weight at 20°C, more preferably at least 10% by weight at 20°C, and most preferably at least 20% by weight at 20°C. The adjuvant solution typically comprises an organic solvent at a concentration of at least 5% by weight, preferably more than 10% by weight, most preferably at least 15% by weight, such as at least 20% by weight. The adjuvant solution may comprise an organic solvent at a concentration of up to 50% by weight, preferably up to 40% by weight, more preferably up to 35% by weight, most preferably up to 30% by weight, such as up to 25% by weight, especially up to 20% by weight.

[0399] Suitable organic solvents are aliphatic hydrocarbons, preferably aliphatic C 5 ~C 16 -Hydrocarbons, more preferably C 5 ~C 16 -alkane or C 5 ~C 16 - cycloalkanes, such as pentane, hexane, cyclohexane or petroleum ether; aromatic hydrocarbons, preferably aromatic C 6 ~C 10-hydrocarbons, such as benzene, toluene, o-, m- and p-xylene; halogenated hydrocarbons, preferably halogenated aliphatic C 1 ~C 6 -Alkane or halogenated aromatic C 6 ~C 10 Hydrocarbons, e.g. CH 2 Cl 2 , CHCl 3 , CCl 4 , C.H. 2 ClCH 2 Cl, CCl 3 CH 3 , CHCl 2 CH 2 Cl, CCl 2 CCl 2 or chlorobenzene; ether, preferably C 1 ~C 6 -Cycloalkyl ethers, C 1 ~C 6 -Alkyl-C 1 ~C 6 -Alkyl ethers and C 1 ~C 6 -Alkyl-C 6 ~C 10 -aryl ethers, e.g., CH 3 CH 2 OCH 2 CH 3 , (CH 3 ) 2 CHOCH(CH 3 ) 2 , C.H. 3 OC(CH 3 ) 3 (MTBE), CH 3 OCH 3 (DME), CH 3 OCH 2 CH 2 OCH 3 , dioxane, anisole and tetrahydrofuran (THF); esters, preferably aliphatic C 1 ~C 6 -Aliphatic C alcohols 1 ~C 6 -Esters with carboxylic acids, aromatic C 6 ~C 10-Aromatic C alcohols 6 ~C 10 -carboxylic acid esters, ω-hydroxy-C 1 ~C 6 -Cyclic esters of carboxylic acids, e.g., CH 3 C(O)OCH 2 CH 3 , C.H. 3 C(O)OCH 3 , C.H. 3 C(O)OCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 , C.H. 3 C(O)OCH(CH 3 )CH 2 CH 3 , C.H. 3 C(O)OC(CH 3 ), C.H. 3 CH 2 CH 2 C(O)OCH 2 CH 3 , C.H. 3 CH(OH)C(O)OCH 2 CH 3 , C.H. 3 CH(OH)C(O)OCH 3 , C.H. 3 C(O)OCH 2 CH(CH 3 ) 2 , C.H. 3 C(O)OCH(CH 3 ) 2 , C.H. 3 CH 2 C(O)OCH 3 , benzyl benzoate and γ-butyrolactone; carbonates, such as ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, CH 3 CH 2 OC(O)OCH 2 CH 3 and C.H. 3 OC(O)OCH 3 nitriles, preferably C 1 ~C 6 -nitriles, e.g., CH 3 CN and CH 3 CH 2 CN; ketones, preferably C1 ~C 6 -Alkyl-C 1 ~C 6 -Alkyl ketones, e.g., CH 3 C(O)CH 3 , C.H. 3 C(O)CH 2 CH 3 , C.H. 3 CH 2 C(O)CH 2 CH 3 and C.H. 3 C(O)C(CH 3 ) 3 (MTBK); alcohol, preferably C 1 ~C 4 -Alcohols, e.g. CH 3 OH, CH 3 CH 2 OH, CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 OH, CH 3 CH(OH)CH 3 , C.H. 3 (CH 2 ) 3 OH, C(CH 3 ) 3 OH, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, propylene glycol monomethyl ether (1-methoxy-2-propanol); amide and urea derivatives, preferably dimethylformamide (DMF), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), dimethylacetamide (DMA), 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI), 1,3-dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2(1H)-pyrimidinone (DMPU), hexamethylphosphamide (HMPA); and also dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and sulfolane. Preferred solvents are propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol and propylene glycol monomethyl ether, more preferably propylene glycol and dipropylene glycol.

[0400] The adjuvant solution may contain at least one adjuvant. Suitable adjuvants are listed above for the pesticide composition.

[0401] The adjuvant solution is typically free of any pesticidal active ingredient. The adjuvant solution may contain pesticidal active ingredients in a concentration of up to 5% by weight, preferably up to 1% by weight.

[0402] The adjuvant solution can be used to prepare an agrochemical composition. For this purpose, the adjuvant solution is contacted with an agrochemical active ingredient, usually by mixing. Water or other solvents may be added if necessary. Preferably, no solvent is added, resulting in a highly concentrated composition.

[0403] The adjuvant solution may also be used as a tank-mix additive by the applicator. Thus, the adjuvant solution may also be used by the farmer to prepare a ready-to-use spray mix by mixing the adjuvant solution with various other agrochemical products, including agrochemical active ingredients, adjuvants, auxiliaries, and water.

[0404] The present invention also relates to plant propagation material comprising the pesticide composition, as well as methods of treating the plant propagation material, comprising treating the plant propagation material with the pesticide composition.

[0405] For the treatment of plant propagation material, such as seeds, for example by dusting, coating or irrigating the seeds, amounts of pesticidal active ingredient generally required are 0.1 to 1000 g, preferably 1 to 1000 g, more preferably 1 to 100 g, most preferably 5 to 100 g per 100 kilograms of plant propagation material (preferably seeds).

[0406] The treatment of the plant propagation material comprises a step of contacting the plant propagation material with the agrochemical composition. The contacting can be carried out by all procedures familiar to the skilled artisan based on the agrochemical composition (seed dressing, seed coating, seed dusting, seed soaking, seed film coating, seed multi-layer coating, seed encrusting, seed dripping and seed pelleting). Here, the agrochemical composition can be applied diluted or undiluted. The term "seed" includes all types of seeds, such as corn, seeds, fruits, tubers, seedlings and similar forms. Here, preferably, the term seed describes corn and seeds. The seeds used may be seeds of the useful plants mentioned above, but also seeds of transgenic plants or plants obtained by conventional breeding methods. Preferably, the term seed refers to seeds of modified plants that are resistant to glufosinate.

[0407] The present invention also relates to the use of a compound of formula (I) for increasing the solubility of an agrochemical active ingredient in a liquid agrochemical composition. Surprisingly, it has been found that the compound of formula (I) can increase the maximum loading of an agrochemical active ingredient in a liquid agrochemical composition. Prior art formulations with high viscosity under high loading conditions suffer from physical instability such as gelling, clumping, caking and reduced flowability. In contrast, the present agrochemical composition keeps the agrochemical active ingredient in solution even under high loading conditions. Thus, the compound of formula (I) can be used to increase the solubility of an agrochemical active ingredient. As used herein, the terms "increase solubility" and "solubilize" have the same meaning. The term "increase solubility" generally refers to the situation where two liquid compositions with the same loading of agrochemical active ingredient are compared at 20°C, one of the compositions contains a compound of formula (I) and the other composition does not contain a compound of formula (I). The increase in solubility can be measured by experimentally determining the maximum concentration of agrochemical active ingredient that does not cause physical instability in each composition.

[0408] The present invention also relates to a method for controlling phytopathogenic fungi and / or unwanted plant growth and / or unwanted insect or acarine infestations and / or regulating plant growth, which comprises applying an agrochemical composition to the respective pests, their habitat or plants to be protected from the respective pests, to the soil and / or the unwanted plants and / or crop plants and / or their habitat.

[0409] Further objects of the present invention are the use of an amine component to increase the herbicidal activity of a liquid herbicide composition comprising glufosinate or a salt thereof and a compound of formula (I), and a method for increasing the herbicidal activity of a liquid herbicide composition comprising glufosinate or a salt thereof and a compound of formula (I), comprising the step of contacting the liquid herbicide composition with an amine component. The term "increase herbicidal activity" refers to an increase in the control of undesirable vegetation compared to a composition lacking the amine component. The increase in the control rate can typically be an increase of at least 10%, preferably at least 25%, compared to a composition lacking the amine component. Contacting in the application method generally refers to mixing the amine component into the composition.

[0410] Advantages: The compounds of formula (I) of the present invention have high solubility in organic solvents and aqueous compositions. Therefore, compositions with very high loadings of the compounds of formula (I) can be produced without handling problems due to high viscosity or non-uniform compositions. Compositions with very high concentrations of active ingredients can also be produced. The agrochemical compositions have very high storage stability, especially at low temperatures. The compounds of formula (I) are finally powerful additives that enhance the biological activity of agrochemical active ingredients. The following is one embodiment of the present invention. (1) Compound of formula (I) [R-(A) x -OSO 3 - ]-M + (I) [In the formula, R is C 10 ~C 16 -Alkyl, C 10 ~C 16 -alkenyl or C 10 ~C 16 -alkynyl, Each A is independent

Chem.

[0411] The following examples illustrate the invention. component: Pesticide A: Ammonium salt of glufosinate Pesticide B: Mefentrifluconazole Pesticide C: Saflufenacil Adjuvant A: Aqueous solutions of alkyl polyglycosides based on C8-C19 alcohols Adjuvant B: Magnesium aluminum silicate, hydrate Adjuvant C: Organic derivatives of smectite clays Additive A: Sodium lauryl ether sulfate containing approximately 2 molecules of polymerized ethylene oxide, 70% by weight in water Additive B: Lauryl ether sulfate containing approximately 2 molecules of polymerized ethylene oxide, diethanolammonium salt, 77% by weight in dipropylene glycol Additive C: Lauryl ether sulfate containing approximately 2 molecules of polymerized ethylene oxide, monoisopropanol ammonium salt, 85% by weight in propylene glycol Additive D: Lauryl ether sulfate, monoethanolammonium salt, containing approximately 2 molecules of polymerized ethylene oxide, 82% by weight in dipropylene glycol Defoamer: Polydimethylsiloxane emulsion

[0412] [Example 1] Two compositions, A1 and A2, and a comparative composition AC, were prepared by mixing Pesticide A, water and either Additive A or Additive B in the concentrations provided in Table A.

[0413] [Table 1]

[0414] Visual inspection of the compositions indicated that compositions A1 and A2 had formed clear solutions, while composition AC had formed a heterogeneous and insoluble gel.

[0415] [Example 2] Two compositions B1 and B2 and a comparative composition BC were prepared by mixing pesticide A, water, ethanol as appropriate and either additive A or additive B in the concentrations provided in Table B.

[0416] [Table 2]

[0417] Visual inspection of the compositions showed that compositions B1 and B2 formed clear solutions, while composition BC formed a heterogeneous and insoluble gel.

[0418] [Example 3] Two compositions C1 and C2, and a comparative composition CC, were prepared by mixing Pesticide A, water, ethanol and either Additive A or Additive B in the concentrations provided in Table C.

[0419] [Table 3]

[0420] Visual inspection of the compositions showed that compositions C1 and C2 formed clear solutions, while composition CC formed a heterogeneous and insoluble gel.

[0421] [Example 4] Two compositions D1 and D2, and a comparative composition DC, were prepared by mixing pesticide A, water, ethanol and either additive A or additive B in the concentrations provided in Table D.

[0422] [Table 4]

[0423] Visual inspection of the compositions showed that compositions D1 and D2 formed clear solutions, while composition DC formed a heterogeneous and insoluble gel.

[0424] [Example 5] Two compositions, E1 and E2, and a comparative composition, EC, were prepared by mixing Pesticide A, water, Adjuvant A, and either Additive A or Additive B in the concentrations provided in Table E.

[0425] [Table 5]

[0426] Visual inspection of the compositions indicated that compositions E1 and E2 had formed clear solutions, while composition EC had formed a heterogeneous and insoluble gel.

[0427] [Example 7] Four compositions F1 and F2 and a comparative composition FC1 were prepared, containing the ingredients listed in Table F. To prepare the oil dispersion, the ingredients except for adjuvant B were mixed, the composition was ground to an average particle size of 2 μm by Maxine A, adjuvant B was added thereto, and the composition was mixed until uniform.

[0428] [Table 6]

[0429] Visual inspection of the compositions showed that compositions F1, F2, F3 and F4 formed free-flowing white oil dispersions, while FC1 and FC2 formed non-uniform gel-like mixtures that could not be milled.

[0430] [Example 8] Three compositions G1-G3 and comparative compositions GC1, GC2 and GC3 were prepared, containing the ingredients listed in Table F. To prepare the oil dispersion, the ingredients except for adjuvant C were mixed, the composition was ground to an average particle size of 2 μm with Maxine A, to which adjuvant C was added, and the composition was mixed until uniform.

[0431] [Table 7]

[0432] Visual inspection of the compositions showed that compositions G1, G2, and G3 formed free-flowing white oil dispersions, while GC1 and GC2 formed non-uniform gel-like mixtures that could not be milled.

[0433] [Example 9] Four compositions H1-H4 and comparative compositions HC1, HC2 and HC3 were prepared containing the ingredients listed in Table H. To prepare the oil dispersion, the ingredients except for Adjuvant B were mixed, the composition was ground with Maxine A to an average particle size of 2 μm, Adjuvant B was added thereto, and the composition was mixed until homogeneous.

[0434] [Table 8]

[0435] Visual inspection of the compositions showed that compositions H1, H2, H3 and H4 formed free-flowing white oil dispersions, while HC1, HC2 and HC3 formed non-uniform gel-like mixtures that could not be milled.

[0436] [Example 10] Two compositions, K1 and K2, were prepared by mixing pesticide A, water, ethanol, adjuvant A and additive B in the concentrations provided in Table K.

[0437] [Table 9]

[0438] Visual inspection of the compositions showed that compositions K1 and K2 formed clear solutions.

[0439] [Example 11] Two compositions, L1 and L2, were prepared by mixing the ingredients provided in the concentrations provided in Table K.

[0440] [Table 10]

[0441] Compositions L1 and L2 were cooled to 0° C. Composition L1 froze, whereas composition L2 remained liquid at 0° C.

[0442] Compositions L1 and L2 froze immediately upon cooling to −30° C. After thawing at room temperature, composition L2 remained homogeneous, whereas composition L1 showed phase separation.

Claims

1. Compounds of formula (I) [R-(A) x -OSO 3 - ]-M + (I) [In the formula, R is C11-C13-alkyl; Each A is independent 【Chemistry 1】 It is based on Where: R A , R B , R C and R D are independently H, CH 3 or CH 2 CH 3 where R A , R B , R C and R D The total number of C atoms is at most 2, M + is the monoethanolammonium cation, The subscript x is a number between 1 and 10. and a pesticide active ingredient.

2. 2. The pesticide composition of claim 1, wherein the subscript x is 1 to 3.

3. R A , R B , R C and R D The pesticide composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein is H.

4. 4. The pesticide composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the pesticide active ingredient is glufosinate or (L)-glufosinate or a salt thereof, preferably an ammonium salt of glufosinate or L-glufosinate.

5. 4. The pesticide composition according to claim 1, wherein the pesticide active ingredient is a protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase inhibitor or a salt thereof.

6. 6. The agrochemical composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the concentration of the compound of formula (I) in the agrochemical composition is more than 25% by weight.

7. The pesticide composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the concentration of the pesticide active ingredient in the pesticide composition is 5 to 50% by weight.

8. A compound of formula (I) [R-(A)x-OSO3-]-M+(I) [In the formula, R is C 10 -C 16 -alkyl, C 10 -C 16 -alkenyl or C 10 -C 16 -alkynyl, Each A is independent 【Chemistry 2】 It is based on Where: RA, RB, RC and RD are independently H, CH3 or CH2CH3, provided that the sum of C atoms of RA, RB, RC and RD is at most 2; M+ is the monoethanolammonium cation; The subscript x is a number between 1 and 10. and greater than 10% by weight of an organic solvent.

9. The solution of claim 8, wherein the subscript x is 1 to 3.

10. The solution of claim 8 or 9, wherein RA, RB, RC and RD are H.

11. 11. The solution according to any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein the organic solvent has a water solubility of at least 10% by weight at 20°C.

12. 8. A method for controlling undesirable vegetation comprising the step of applying an agrochemical composition according to any one of claims 1 to 7 to a locus where undesirable vegetation is present or expected to be present.

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