Systems and methods for the application of a cotter pin structure

Abstract

A linch-pin structure may be combined with one or more additional linch-pin structures to form a composite linch-pin propulsion structure. Each linch-pin structure may include six pentagonal regions, one or more of which may include a propulsion device. The propulsion may be used to propel the composite linch-pin propulsion structure through or over various media, such as through air, across ground, on or under water, or through or over other media. The propulsion may include avionics propulsion, ground propulsion, hydrodynamic propulsion, or other types of propulsion. A single type of propulsion device may be used in one or more of the pentagonal regions, or various types of propulsion may be used to provide different navigation capabilities or multi-mode operation. Each propulsion device may also include a device for directing the propulsion force, such as a single-axis or multi-axis gimbal or an adjustable aerodynamic control surface.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an educational combinable structure.

Background Art

[0002] Planar geometric structures can be assembled in various forms to form different three-dimensional (3D) geometric structures and can be folded into a substantially planar form. These structures may be used by children as educational toys or may be used by adults or children to study various two-dimensional or three-dimensional shapes.

Brief Description of the Drawings

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DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0004] A Lynchpin structure can be formed from one or more basic polygons or other shapes. The Lynchpin structure can include a magnetic material (e.g., a magnet, a ferromagnetic metal), a piezoelectric material, or a light source (e.g., an LED). The Lynchpin structure can combine to form or provide the appearance of various geometric structures, and the magnetic material provided can be used to hold the formed geometric structure shape. As described below, the Lynchpin structure can be formed from six pentagons.

[0005] The Lynchpin structure can be combined with one or more additional Lynchpin structures to form a composite Lynchpin propulsion structure. Each Lynchpin structure can include six pentagonal regions, and one or more of the pentagonal regions can include a propulsion device. The propulsion force can be used to propel the composite Lynchpin propulsion structure through or on various media, e.g., through the air, across the ground, on or in water, or through or on other media. The propulsion force can include avionics propulsion force, ground propulsion force, hydrodynamic propulsion force, or other types of propulsion force. A single type of propulsion device can be used in one or more of the pentagonal regions, or various types of propulsion forces can be used to provide various navigation performances or multi-mode operations. Each propulsion device can also include a device for directing the propulsion force, e.g., a single-axis or multi-axis gimble or an adjustable aerodynamic control surface.

[0006] In the following description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings which form a part hereof and in which are shown, by way of illustration, specific embodiments that may be practiced. These embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention, and it is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and that structural, logical, and electrical changes may be made without departing from the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the description of the exemplary embodiments below is not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.

[0007] Figures 1A - 1B are front and perspective views of three planar shapes joined at different sides to form a 3D geometric structure 100 according to an embodiment. The planar shapes may include three regular pentagons 110, 120, 130. Two or more of these pentagons may be attached at one side as shown in Figure 1A to form a hinge. Each hinge may be constructed using a flexible material or a mechanical hinge. In some embodiments, one or more of the planar shapes may be folded (e.g., closed) towards each other to form a 3D shape. For example, the pentagons 120, 130 shown in Figure 1A may be folded towards each other to form the 3D shape shown in Figure 1B. In other embodiments, one or more of the planar shapes may be folded (e.g., closed) towards each other so as to be flat (e.g., on the same plane) to form a multi - layer substantially planar object. For example, the pentagons 120, 130 shown in Figure 1A may be folded towards each other to form a single three - layer pentagon.

[0008] Figures 2A - 2B are front and perspective views of three planar shapes joined at a single side to form a 3D geometric structure 200 according to an embodiment. The planar shapes may include three regular pentagons 210, 220, 230. The planar shapes may be joined at a common side as shown in Figures 2A - 2B to form a 3D structure.

[0009] Figures 3A to 3B are perspective views showing the combination of two 3D geometric structures to form a larger 3D geometric structure 300 according to an embodiment. The two 3D geometric structures can be joined together to form a larger 3D geometric structure. In one example, the 3D geometric structure 300 shown in FIG. 3B can be attached to the 3D geometric structure 200 shown in FIG. 2B. In this example, point 310 is joined to point 315, point 320 is joined to point 325, point 330 is joined to point 335, and point 340 is joined to point 345 to form the 3D geometric structure 300 having six faces shown in FIG. 3B, which is referred to herein as a lynchpin.

[0010] The lynchpin structure 300 shown in FIG. 3B can include four pyramidal internal spaces 350, 355, 360, 366. Each pyramidal internal space can be shaped similar to the 3D shape shown in FIG. 2B. The planar pentagonal surface can be provided with a magnetic material or a conductive wire and can be used to generate or modify a magnetic field or an electric field. The magnetic field or the electric field can have an associated resonance. The magnetic field or the electric field can be generated or modified for the entire lynchpin structure 300, or the magnetic field or the electric field can be generated or modified separately for each of the four pyramidal internal spaces 350, 355, 360, 366.

[0011] Electric power can be provided to the conductive planar object through a power storage element (e.g., a capacitor, a battery) or through a power generation element (e.g., a solar cell, a piezoelectric component). For example, a piezoelectric component can be used to convert sound into electricity, and the electricity can be used to generate an electric field around one or more of the four pyramidal internal spaces 350, 355, 360, 366.

[0012] Various faces can be joined using hinges and folded towards each other to form a multi-layered substantially planar object. The various faces can be held in place using a magnetic or electromagnetic material. For example, the multi-layered substantially planar object can be manually placed in the lynchpin structure 300 shown in FIG. 3B. The various faces can be moved to selected positions using a magnetic or electromagnetic material. For example, applying a magnetic or electromagnetic field to the multi-layered substantially planar object can cause the substantially planar object to be placed in the lynchpin structure 300 shown in FIG. 3B.

[0013] FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a modified (hereinafter referred to as "modified type") dodecahedron 400 formed from four lynchpin structures according to an embodiment. The dodecahedron can include one or more lynchpin surfaces. The inner dodecahedron can be formed from four lynchpin structures shown in FIG. 4B, as shown in various orientations with reference numerals 410, 420, 430, and 440 in FIG. 4. The various surfaces can be moved to selected positions using a magnetic or electromagnetic material. For example, by applying a magnetic or electromagnetic field, an object can be placed in the modified dodecahedron 400 shown in FIG. 4. Each modified dodecahedron 400 can be used as a building block, and a plane extending beyond the dodecahedron surface having 12 faces can be used to combine two or more modified dodecahedrons 400.

[0014] FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a tetrahedral building block 500 according to an embodiment. The tetrahedral building block 500 may comprise four connected circular faces. The edges of the four such circular faces may be connected to form tetrahedral edges 510, 512, 516, 518, 520. The circular faces may be connected such that the edges 510, 512, 516, 518, 520 are flat, and a triangle inscribed in each of the four connected circular faces may form a tetrahedral interior space 530. In other embodiments, the circular faces may be connected around or near the perimeter of each circular face such that the edges 510, 512, 516, 518, 520 define an internal volume (e.g., an inner pocket). The outermost arcuate portions of the tetrahedral edges 510, 512, 516, 518, 520 may define a spherical volume that coincides with a circumscribed sphere (e.g., a circumsphere) surrounding the tetrahedral interior space 530.

[0015] The tetrahedral building block 500 may be transparent, translucent, may comprise a translucent material composed of a color, or may comprise a plain (e.g., opaque) material. The tetrahedral internal space 530 may contain one or more gases such as noble gases or translucent or colored gases. The tetrahedral internal space 530 may contain one or more fluids (e.g., gases or liquids). The fluid may be selected according to its response to solar heating. For example, the fluid may expand in response to solar heating and open the edges. In another example, a fluid with a high heat capacity may accumulate the energy received from solar heating, for example, in applications such as concentrating solar power generation. The fluid may be selected according to its ability to change color or light absorption. For example, a suspension particle fluid may transition from an overcast appearance to a translucent appearance in the presence of a voltage. Various levels of transparency or colors of various hues may be used for each face of the tetrahedral internal space 530 or for each of the tetrahedral edges 510, 512, 516, 518. By using translucent materials of various colors, it may be possible to combine colors according to the orientation. For example, if the device is held such that a blue face is superimposed on a yellow face, the object may appear green. Similarly, a plurality of tetrahedral building blocks 500 may be combined to produce various colors. A plurality of tetrahedral building blocks 500 may be combined to form the appearance of various Platonic solids, in which case the appearance of the Platonic solid may depend on the specific periodicity of the temporal motion and wave position of each tetrahedral building block, as indicated by the direction of a particular intersecting linear projection. For example, the vertices of four tetrahedral building blocks 500 using a tetrahedral form may be combined to form a larger tetrahedron, in which case the larger tetrahedron maintains an angle of 120 degrees at each of its vertices. A plurality of tetrahedral building blocks 500 may be combined to form various other building blocks as shown in FIG. 6.

[0016] FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a plurality of tetrahedral building blocks combined to form an extended tetrahedral structure 600 according to an embodiment. The extended tetrahedral structure 600 may include four branches of tetrahedral building blocks having folded surfaces 612, 614, 616, 618, and a tetrahedral building block 620 that serves as a base and has no folded surface. The extended tetrahedral structure 600 may form the interior of a structure such as the lynchpin structure 300 shown in FIG. 3B. Using additional nested tetrahedral building blocks, all of the sides and vertices of the lynchpin structure 400 as shown in FIG. 5 can be formed.

[0017] FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a tetrahedrally supported lynchpin structure 700 according to an embodiment. Each of the four branches of the tetrahedral building block shown in FIG. 6 can be extended to form a new four-branched vertex, for example, at a four-branched vertex 710. From each of the four-branched vertices at the ends of the four branches, additional branches can be extended using additional tetrahedral building blocks to, for example, a two-branched vertex at a two-branched vertex 720. This structure can be used to form the sides of a structure, such as the sides of the lynchpin structure 300 shown in FIG. 3B. Each of the planes within the tetrahedrally supported lynchpin structure 700 can be pentagonal and can be supported by one or more substantially flat pentagonal or circular reinforcements, as shown at the circular inner surface 730.

[0018] FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a lateral composite lynchpin structure 800 according to an embodiment. The structure 800 may include a first lynchpin structure 810 and a second lynchpin structure 820. The two lynchpin structures can be joined along three mating edges 832, 834, 836. Each lynchpin structure can include six pentagonal surfaces, such as a surface 840. Each lynchpin structure can include an outer support structure 850, such as the tetrahedrally supported lynchpin structure 700 shown in FIG. 7. The pentagonal surface 840 may include a pentagonal or circular reinforcement, or may include one or more propulsion devices as shown in FIG. 9.

[0019] Figure 9 is a perspective view of a composite lynchpin propulsion structure 900 according to an embodiment. The structure 900 can include a first lynchpin structure 910 and a second lynchpin structure 920, and these lynchpin structures 910, 920 can be coupled along mating edges 932, 934, 936. Each lynchpin structure can include six pentagonal regions, and one or more of the pentagonal regions can include a propulsion device 940. The propulsion device 940 can include several types of propulsion forces, and these propulsion forces can be used to propel the composite lynchpin propulsion structure 900. In the example shown in FIG. 9, the propulsion force includes an avionics propulsion force generated by a device that generates a thrust such as an engine and a propeller. The propulsion force can be used to propel the composite lynchpin propulsion structure 900 through various media or on various media, for example, through the air, across the ground, on or in water, or through or on other media. The propulsion force can include an avionics propulsion force, a ground propulsion force, a hydrodynamic propulsion force, or other types of propulsion forces. The propulsion force can include a mechanical (e.g., propeller, turbine), electrical (ion propulsion, Hall effect propulsion, molecular excitation), or electromechanical (e.g., magnetic levitation) propulsion system. A single type of propulsion device 940 can be used in one or more of the pentagonal regions, or various types of propulsion forces can be used to provide various navigation performances or multi-mode operations. For example, some of the pentagonal regions can include a type of propulsion force suitable for effective avionics transportation, and other pentagonal regions can include a type of propulsion force suitable for effective land transportation. Each propulsion device 940 can also include a device for directing the propulsion force, such as a single-axis or multi-axis gimbal, an adjustable aerodynamic control surface (e.g., flap), a limiting device (e.g., diaphragm shutter), or other propulsion force directing devices.

[0020] FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a side composite lynchpin structure 1000 according to an embodiment. The structure 1000 may include a first lynchpin structure 1010 and a second lynchpin structure 1020. The two lynchpin structures may be joined along three mating edges 1032, 1034, 1036. Each lynchpin structure can include six pentagonal surfaces, and each of these pentagonal surfaces may include a circular inner structure 1040. Each pentagonal surface may include one or more propulsion devices as described herein. Each lynchpin structure may include one or more outer support structure arms 1050, such as the tetrahedral support lynchpin structure 700 shown in FIG. 7.

[0021] FIG. 11 is a perspective view of the formation of a modified dodecahedron 1100 according to an embodiment. In the example shown in FIG. 11, the modified dodecahedron can be formed by combining four lynchpin structures. As shown in FIG. 11, this includes a first structure 1110, a second structure 1120 coupled to a third structure 1130, and a fourth structure 1140. Using one or more of various forms of induced motion, for example, energizing electromagnetic components to induce molecular excitation and radiation pressure (e.g., light pressure), operating internal propulsion devices (e.g., propellers), or inducing other forms of induced motion, various surfaces can be moved to selected positions. For example, by applying a magnetic or electromagnetic field, one or more of the structures may be moved towards another structure. Using various forms of connection, for example, magnetic connection, adhesive connection, or other forms of connection, various sides or surfaces can be joined. The four structures can be combined to form a modified dodecahedron as shown in FIG. 12.

[0022] FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a modified dodecahedron 1200 according to an embodiment. In the example shown in FIG. 12, the modified dodecahedron can be formed by combining the four link pin structures shown in FIG. 11. As shown in FIG. 12, this includes a first structure 1110, a second structure 1120 coupled to the third structure 1130, and a fourth structure 1140. Using various forms of connection, for example, by magnetic connection, adhesive connection, or other forms of connection, various sides or surfaces can be joined. The modified dodecahedron 1200 can be used as a building block, and the planes extending beyond the dodecahedron surface having 12 faces can be used to combine two or more modified dodecahedrons.

[0023] FIG. 13 is a perspective view of the formation of a modified dodecahedron 1300 according to an embodiment. In the example shown in FIG. 13, the modified dodecahedron can be formed by combining four link pin structures. As shown in FIG. 13, this includes a first structure 1310, a second structure 1320, a third structure 1330, and a fourth structure 1340. Using one or more of various forms of induced motion, for example, by applying energy to electromagnetic components to induce molecular excitation or radiation pressure (such as light pressure), operating an internal propulsion device (such as a propeller), or inducing other forms of induced motion, various surfaces can be moved to selected positions. For example, by applying a magnetic field or an electromagnetic field, one or more of the structures can be moved towards another structure. Using various forms of connection, for example, by magnetic connection, adhesive connection, or other forms of connection, various sides or surfaces can be joined. The four structures can be combined to form a modified dodecahedron as shown in FIG. 14.

[0024] FIG. 14 is a perspective view of a modified dodecahedron 1400 according to an embodiment. In the example shown in FIG. 14, the modified dodecahedron can be formed by combining the four link pin structures shown in FIG. 13. As shown in FIG. 14, this includes a first structure 1310, a second structure 1320 coupled to the third structure 1330, and a fourth structure 1340. Using various forms of connection, such as magnetic connection, adhesive connection, or other forms of connection, various sides or surfaces can be joined. The modified dodecahedron 1400 can be used as a building block, and the planes extending beyond the dodecahedron surface having 12 faces can be used to combine two or more modified dodecahedrons.

[0025] FIG. 15 is a perspective view of the formation of a modified dodecahedron 1500 according to an embodiment. In the example shown in FIG. 15, the modified dodecahedron can be formed by combining four link pin structures. As shown in FIG. 15, this includes a first structure 1510, a second structure 1520, a third structure 1530, and a fourth structure 1540. Using one or more of various forms of induced motion, for example, by applying energy to electromagnetic components to induce molecular excitation or radiation pressure (such as light pressure), operating an internal propulsion device (such as a propeller), or inducing other forms of induced motion, various surfaces can be moved to selected positions. For example, by applying a magnetic field or an electromagnetic field, one or more of the structures can be moved towards another structure. Using various forms of connection, such as magnetic connection, adhesive connection, or other forms of connection, various sides or surfaces can be joined. The four structures can be combined to form a modified dodecahedron as shown in FIG. 16.

[0026] FIG. 16 is a perspective view of a modified dodecahedron 1600 according to an embodiment. In the example shown in FIG. 16, the modified dodecahedron can be formed by combining the four link-pin structures shown in FIG. 15. As shown in FIG. 16, this includes a first structure 1510, a second structure 1520 coupled to the third structure 1530, and a fourth structure 1540. Using various forms of connection, for example, magnetic connection, adhesive connection, or other forms of connection, various sides or surfaces can be joined. The modified dodecahedron 1600 can be used as a building block, and the planes extending beyond the dodecahedron surface having 12 faces can be used to combine two or more modified dodecahedrons.

[0027] FIG. 17 is a perspective view of the formation of a modified dodecahedron 1700 according to an embodiment. In the example shown in FIG. 17, the modified dodecahedron can be formed by combining five link-pin structures. As shown in FIG. 17, this includes a first structure 1710, a second structure 1720 coupled to the third structure 1730, a fourth structure 1740, and a fifth structure 1740. Using one or more of various forms of induced motion, for example, energizing an electromagnetic component to induce molecular excitation or radiation pressure (e.g., light pressure), operating an internal propulsion device (e.g., a propeller), or inducing other forms of induced motion, various surfaces can be moved to selected positions. For example, by applying a magnetic field or an electromagnetic field, one or more of the structures can be moved towards another structure. Using various forms of connection, for example, magnetic connection, adhesive connection, or other forms of connection, various sides or surfaces can be joined. Four structures can be combined to form a modified dodecahedron as shown in FIG. 18.

[0028] FIG. 18 is a perspective view of a modified dodecahedron 1800 according to an embodiment. In the example shown in FIG. 18, the modified dodecahedron can be formed by combining the five lynchpin structures shown in FIG. 17. As shown in FIG. 18, this includes a first structure 1710, a second structure 1720 coupled to the third structure 1730, a fourth structure 1740, and a fifth structure 1740. Using various forms of connection, for example, magnetic connection, adhesive connection, or other forms of connection, various sides or surfaces can be joined. The modified dodecahedron 1800 can be used as a building block, and the planes extending beyond the dodecahedron surface having 12 faces can be used to combine two or more modified dodecahedrons.

[0029] FIG. 19 is a perspective view of the formation of a modified dodecahedron 1900 according to an embodiment. In the example shown in FIG. 19, the modified dodecahedron can be formed by combining five lynchpin structures. As shown in FIG. 19, this includes a first structure 1910, a second structure 1920 coupled to the third structure 1930, a fourth structure 1940, and a fifth structure 1940. Using one or more of various forms of induced motion, for example, by applying energy to electromagnetic components to induce molecular excitation or radiation pressure (such as light pressure), operating an internal propulsion device (such as a propeller), or inducing other forms of induced motion, various surfaces can be moved to selected positions. For example, by applying a magnetic field or an electromagnetic field, one or more of the structures can be moved towards another structure. Using various forms of connection, for example, magnetic connection, adhesive connection, or other forms of connection, various sides or surfaces can be joined. Four structures can be combined to form a modified dodecahedron as shown in FIG. 20.

[0030] Figure 20 is a perspective view of a modified dodecahedron 2000 according to an embodiment. In the example shown in FIG. 20, the modified dodecahedron can be formed by combining the five Lynch pin structures shown in FIG. 19. As shown in FIG. 20, this includes a first structure 1910, a second structure 1920 coupled to the third structure 1930, a fourth structure 1940, and a fifth structure 1940. Using various forms of connection, for example, magnetic connection, adhesive connection, or other forms of connection, various sides or surfaces can be joined. The modified dodecahedron 2000 can be used as a building block, and the planes extending beyond the dodecahedron surface having 12 faces can be used to combine two or more modified dodecahedrons.

[0031] Figure 21 is a perspective view of the formation of a modified dodecahedron 2100 according to an embodiment. In the example shown in FIG. 21, the modified dodecahedron can be formed by combining five Lynch pin structures. As shown in FIG. 21, this includes a first structure 2110, a second structure 2120 coupled to the third structure 2130, a fourth structure 2140, and a fifth structure 2140. Using one or more of various forms of induced motion, for example, by applying energy to electromagnetic components to induce molecular excitation and radiation pressure (e.g., light pressure), operating an internal propulsion device (e.g., a propeller), or inducing other forms of induced motion, various surfaces can be moved to selected positions. For example, by applying a magnetic field or an electromagnetic field, one or more of the structures can be moved towards another structure. Using various forms of connection, for example, magnetic connection, adhesive connection, or other forms of connection, various sides or surfaces can be joined. Four structures can be combined to form a modified dodecahedron as shown in FIG. 22.

[0032] FIG. 22 is a perspective view of a modified dodecahedron 2200 according to an embodiment. In the example shown in FIG. 22, the modified dodecahedron can be formed by combining the five lynchpin structures shown in FIG. 21. As shown in FIG. 22, this includes a first structure 2110, a second structure 2120 coupled to the third structure 2130, a fourth structure 2140, and a fifth structure 2140. Using various forms of connection, such as magnetic connection, adhesive connection, or other forms of connection, various sides or surfaces can be joined. The modified dodecahedron 2200 can be used as a building block, and the planes extending beyond the dodecahedron surface having 12 faces can be used to combine two or more modified dodecahedrons.

[0033] FIGS. 23A and 23B are perspective views of a modified composite lynchpin structure 2300 according to an embodiment. FIG. 23A shows a first perspective view of the lynchpin structure 2300, and FIG. 23B shows a second perspective view of the lynchpin structure 2300. The lynchpin structure 2300 can include four surface lynchpin structures, as shown in various orientations as reference numerals 2310, 2320, 2330, 2340 in FIG. 23A. The lynchpin structure 2300 can include one internal lynchpin structure 2350. Various surfaces can be moved to selected positions using a magnetic material or an electromagnetic material. For example, by applying a magnetic field or an electromagnetic field, an object can be placed in the modified dodecahedron 2300 shown in FIG. 23. Each modified dodecahedron 2300 can be used as a building block, and the planes extending beyond the dodecahedron surface having 12 faces can be used to combine two or more modified dodecahedrons 2300.

[0034] FIG. 24 is a perspective view of a modified dodecahedron 2400 formed from four lynchpin structures according to an embodiment. The dodecahedron may comprise one or more lynchpin surfaces. The inner dodecahedron may be formed from four lynchpin structures as shown in various orientations in FIG. 24 with reference numerals 2410, 2420, 2430, 2440. The lynchpin structures may be joined together by a modified tetrahedral structure 2450. Various surfaces may be moved to selected positions using a magnetic material or an electromagnetic material. For example, by applying a magnetic field or an electromagnetic field, an object can be placed in the modified dodecahedron 2400 shown in FIG. 24. Each modified dodecahedron 2400 can be used as a building block, and a plane extending beyond the dodecahedron surface having 12 faces can be used to combine two or more modified dodecahedrons 2400.

[0035] In various embodiments, the lynchpin structure or the tetrahedral building block may be transparent, translucent, comprise a translucent material configured with colors, or comprise a plain (e.g., opaque) material. One or more light emitting diodes (LEDs) may be incorporated in the plane. For example, the LED may be connected to a conductive lattice line in the plane and receive power through the lattice line. The power may be provided to the LED through a power storage element (e.g., a capacitor, a battery) or through a power generation element (e.g., a solar cell, a piezoelectric component). The conductive lattice line may conduct power to the LED for lighting purposes. For example, the lynchpin structure, the modified dodecahedron, or other structures described herein can be used as one or more lighting fixtures.

[0036] The conductive lattice lines can conduct power to the LEDs for educational purposes. For example, two improved (hereinafter referred to as "improved type") devices may detect proximity using a magnetic or other proximity detection mechanism. With proximity detection, power may be sent to the LEDs to indicate that the improved type devices are arranged in the correct position. The conductive lattice lines can function as contour lines for educational purposes. For example, one or more curved planes may be formed using a two-dimensional surface with a lattice pattern, and the curved planes will show a visual distortion of the lattice pattern according to the curvature of each surface. In another example, one or more planes may be formed using an organic light emitting diode (OLED) or a liquid crystal display (LCD), and various human-readable or machine-readable information may be displayed.

[0037] The lynchpin structure can change its appearance based on the presence of an electric current, electric field or magnetic field, sound vibration, or other external force. The lynchpin structure can include one or more piezoelectric components, which can perform conversion between mechanical input and electrical input. Crystal piezoelectric elements are provided at each of the vertices of the lynchpin structure and can be used to generate power for one or more LEDs. For example, sound vibrations may be received through a plane or directly by the piezoelectric elements, and the piezoelectric elements may change the color or intensity of one or more LEDs according to the pattern of the received sound vibrations.

[0038] The piezoelectric elements can be used for educational purposes. For example, two improved type devices may detect proximity using a magnetic or other proximity detection mechanism. With proximity detection, power may be sent to the piezoelectric elements to generate sound, indicating that the improved type devices are arranged in the correct position. One or more mechanical or electromechanical resonance devices can be used to modify, propagate, amplify, or attenuate externally applied vibrations. For example, a mechanical tuning fork may be used to amplify the vibrations induced in the piezoelectric elements.

[0039] In some embodiments, an electrochemical material can be used such that, upon application of an electric current, one or more surfaces of the lynchpin structure transition to a translucent, cloudy, or colored state. A solid lynchpin structure can be used to conduct vibrations, for example, in acoustic applications or other applications. For example, induced mechanical vibrations may be used in vibration therapy. The lynchpin structure can be constructed using a conductive material for various electrical applications. For example, one or more of the faces of the lynchpin structure may be composed of silicon, in which case the silicon is arranged to function as a resistor, inductor, capacitor, transistor, complete microchip (e.g., integrated circuit), or other electrical component. Multiple lynchpin structures or tetrahedral building blocks can be arranged to propagate the conducted vibrations. For example, mechanical vibrations may be generated by applying an electric current to a piezoelectric element of a first structure, and the vibrations may be conducted by a second structure and converted into an electrical impulse.

[0040] The lynchpin structure may be manufactured from a transparent material and may have a uniform thickness or a non-uniform thickness. The lynchpin structure can include one or more photovoltaic cells and can be used for solar power generation applications. For example, the cross-section of the lynchpin structure may be convex or concave and can be used as a lens in various optical applications. The lynchpin structure can have various color patterns. Various additional decorative designs can be used on each face of the lynchpin structure. The various designs can include lines composed of magnetic tape, in which case information can be encoded or transmitted using the magnetic tape. For example, a standard magnetic tape encoder and reader may be used to record or read information encoded on magnetic tape stripes on the outer surface. The various designs may also include lines composed of a conductive material such as copper. The lynchpin structure may be constructed using a flexible material to allow expansion or contraction of three faces.

[0041] The above lines within each improved device can be uniformly dispersed. For example, a circular improved template can include a series of arcs that radiate from the center of the circle to the radius of the circle. In this case, each arc is spaced 45 degrees apart from the adjacent arc. The improved device corresponding to this circular two-dimensional improved template can have corresponding arc portions, and the arc portions can assist the user in placing the improved device on the template. In other embodiments, the grid lines may have irregular shapes or intervals, may be configured in a fractal pattern, or may be configured in another arrangement.

[0042] The internal space may contain one or more gases such as noble gases or semi-transparent or colored gases. The internal space may contain one or more fluids (e.g., gases or liquids). The fluid can be selected according to its response to heating or cooling. In another example, a fluid with a high heat capacity can accumulate the energy received from solar heat heating in applications such as concentrating solar power generation. The fluid can be selected according to its ability to change color or light absorption. For example, a suspension particle fluid may transition from a cloudy appearance to a semi-transparent appearance in the presence of a voltage. Various levels of transparency or various shades of color can be used. By using semi-transparent materials of various colors, colors can be combined according to the orientation. For example, when the device is held such that the blue face is superimposed on the yellow face, the object may appear green. Similarly, a combination of multiple lynchpin structures or tetrahedral building blocks can produce various colors. A combination of multiple lynchpin structures or tetrahedral building blocks can form the appearance of various Platonic solids, and the appearance of the Platonic solids can depend on the specific periodicity of the temporal movement and wave position of each tetrahedral building block, as indicated by the direction of a specific intersecting linear projection. For example, the vertices of multiple lynchpin structures or tetrahedral building blocks can be combined to form a larger improved device.

[0043] The planar object can be folded completely or partially, or opened, through various methods. The planar object can be folded or opened by various active mechanical or electromechanical devices. These devices may include hydraulic actuators, servo mechanisms, or other mechanical or electromechanical means. For example, the planar object or the inner tetrahedral surface may contain a magnetic material or an electromagnetic material, and one or more electromagnets can be selectively excited to fold or open one or more planar objects. One or more planar objects may be moved using an electromagnetic field, or two or more improved devices may be arranged in a predetermined form using an electromagnetic field. In an embodiment where the planar object defines an internal volume, the planar object can be folded or opened by heating or cooling (e.g., increasing or decreasing molecular vibration) a fluid contained within the improved device. For example, the fluid may be heated using solar energy, and the fluid can be expanded to fill the planar object and open those planar objects. The planar object can be folded or opened by various passive methods, such as alternately folding or opening opposing planar objects in response to the fluid. For example, a moving fluid such as wind may open the edges and rotate the improved device about its axis of symmetry, and as the edges rotate towards the wind, the wind may fold those edges.

[0044] In some embodiments, the surface may also be folded or removed to allow for nesting (e.g., stacking) of two or more lynchpin structures or tetrahedral building blocks. Two or more lynchpin structures or tetrahedral building blocks may be nested and may be connected by mechanical, magnetic, or other means at one or more connection points. For example, a magnetic edge may be attached to a magnetic interior volume. Multiple improved devices may be nested at one or more of the vertices of the collapsed triangular faces. For example, multiple devices may be nested at the three bottom vertices to form a tripod configuration, or multiple devices may be nested at the top vertex to form a vertical column. In an additional example, a second nested tripod configuration can be placed on a vertical column, where each of the three legs of the tripod functions as a counterweight to the other two legs of the tripod. The improved device may be designed asymmetrically such that a series of lynchpin structures or tetrahedral building blocks are connected to form a circle, polygon, or other shape. Any combination of nested improved devices can be used to form a larger structure. The nested improved structure can be extended or reinforced by adding additional shapes.

[0045] Additional embodiments using regular polygons can have a number of sides / faces that is a multiple of three, including, for example, a hexagon with 60-degree interior angles, a dodecahedron with 12 faces and 30-degree interior angles, a twenty-four-sided icosikaitetragon with 15-degree interior angles, and the like. Different three-dimensional lynchpin structures or tetrahedral building blocks can be formed using any three or more two-dimensional shapes including any shape or any combination of regular or irregular close-chain polygons.

[0046] In some embodiments, a plurality of link pin structures or tetrahedral building blocks may be connected to form a closed chain polygon (e.g., a triangle, square, pentagon, etc.). The structures may be connected to each other by magnetic means, by soldering, or by other means. Alternatively, the link pin structures or tetrahedral building blocks may be connected to a central hub using one or more spokes per link pin structure. The connected structure may be configured to rotate about the central hub in response to, for example, a fluid flow (e.g., a gas or a liquid). For example, the connected structure may be used in the form of a turbine, in which case each link pin structure is configured to leak or capture air and rotate the connected link pin structures or tetrahedral building blocks depending on the angle of the planar object and the orientation of the improved device. As another example, the connected structure may be used in the form of a water wheel, in which case water contacts the outer planar object and may rotate the connected structure. The structure may be adjusted to change the angular velocity, direction of rotation, or other response of the connected structure with respect to the movement of the fluid across the surface of the improved device. The adjustment may include folding or unfolding the individual planar objects, or extending or retracting each structure with respect to the hub. In embodiments where the structure is formed from or includes such a framework made of a conductive material, the connected structure may be arranged to form an antenna for terrestrial or satellite communication, etc. The connected structure may be used to conduct vibrations in acoustic applications, vibration therapy, or other applications. Other hydrodynamic or aerodynamic applications may be used. In addition to these macroscopic applications of single or multiple link pin structures or tetrahedral building blocks, the link pin structures or tetrahedral building blocks may be used in various microscopic applications such as nanotechnology. For example, a plurality of microscopic link pin structures or tetrahedral building blocks may be configured to arrange themselves into a predetermined structure in the presence of a magnetic field.Similarly, multiple microscopic lynchpin structures or tetrahedral building blocks may be permanently arranged in a microscopic structure having predetermined characteristics such as resistors, inductors, capacitors, transistors, complete microchips, or other electrical components.

[0047] The present invention is intended to cover all modifications and variations of the exemplary embodiments described herein that do not depart from the scope of the claims. Example 1 is a pentagonal structure vehicle, which includes a 3D geometric structure having a first six-sided surface with a first propulsion device and a 3D geometric structure having a second six-sided surface with a second propulsion device. The 3D geometric structure having the second six-sided surface is fixedly attached to the 3D geometric structure having the first six-sided surface. Each 3D geometric structure having six-sided surfaces includes six substantially pentagonal planes, and each substantially pentagonal plane is joined to four adjacent substantially pentagonal planes along two adjacent sides.

[0048] In Example 2, the subject matter of Example 1 optionally includes that the first propulsion device is supported within a first pentagonal plane on the 3D geometric structure having the first six-sided surface, and the second propulsion device is supported within a second pentagonal plane on the 3D geometric structure having the second six-sided surface.

[0049] In Example 3, the subject matter of Example 2 optionally includes that the first propulsion device and the second propulsion device include thrust devices. In Example 4, the subject matter of Example 3 optionally includes that the thrust device includes at least one of a propeller engine, a turbine engine, a jet engine, an ion propulsion device, a Hall effect propulsion device, a molecular excitation thrust device, and a magnetic levitation device.

[0050] In Example 5, one or more of the themes of Examples 1 to 4 optionally include that a 3D geometric structure having a first six-sided surface comprises a third propulsion device supported within a third pentagonal plane on the 3D geometric structure having the first six-sided surface, a 3D geometric structure having a second six-sided surface comprises a fourth propulsion device supported within a fourth pentagonal plane on the 3D geometric structure having the second six-sided surface, the first propulsion device and the second propulsion device provide a first propulsion method, the third propulsion device and the fourth propulsion device provide a second propulsion method, and the first propulsion method is different from the second propulsion method.

[0051] In Example 6, one or more of the themes of Examples 1 to 5 optionally comprise a plurality of control devices for directing the propulsion force. In Example 7, one or more of the themes of Examples 1 to 6 optionally include that a plurality of control surfaces include at least one of a gimbal device, an adjustable aerodynamic control surface, and a limiting device.

[0052] In Example 8, one or more of the themes of Examples 1 to 7 optionally comprise a 3D geometric structure along three pairs of adjacent edges. In Example 9, one or more of the themes of Examples 1 to 8 optionally comprise a 3D geometric structure, and a side structure support having a first plurality of three-sided surfaces is configured to support the relative positions of adjacent substantially pentagonal structures.

[0053] In Example 10, the theme of Example 9 optionally includes that a plurality of tetrahedral vertex structure supports and a side structure support having a plurality of three-sided surfaces are configured such that at least one of the substantially pentagonal structures can be folded towards an adjacent substantially pentagonal structure.

[0054] In Example 11, the theme of Example 10 optionally includes a magnetic material incorporated into at least one of the substantially pentagonal structures to provide structural support to a pentagonal structure having six sides. In Example 12, one or more of the themes of Examples 10 to 11 optionally include an electromagnetic material incorporated into at least one of the substantially pentagonal structures.

[0055] In Example 13, the subject matter of Example 12 optionally includes that the electromagnetic material is configured to fold at least one of the sixth substantially pentagonal structures toward an adjacent substantially pentagonal structure in response to receiving power.

[0056] In Example 14, the subject matter of Example 13 optionally includes a piezoelectric element incorporated in at least one of the substantially pentagonal structures and configured to generate an electric charge in response to vibration. In Example 15, the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 13 - 14 optionally includes that the piezoelectric element is electrically connected to the electromagnetic material and is configured to fold at least one of the sixth substantially pentagonal structures toward an adjacent substantially pentagonal structure in response to the electric charge generated by the piezoelectric element.

[0057] In Example 16, the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 14 - 15 optionally includes a light - emitting diode incorporated in at least one of the substantially pentagonal structures and electrically connected to the piezoelectric element, and the light - emitting diode is configured to provide electroluminescence in response to the electric charge generated by the piezoelectric element.

[0058] In Example 17, the subject matter of Example 16 optionally includes that the light - emitting diode is a substantially flat organic light - emitting diode. In Example 18, the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 14 - 17 optionally includes a first acoustic resonator incorporated in at least one of the substantially pentagonal structures and configured to induce vibration in the piezoelectric element.

[0059] In Example 19, the subject matter of Example 18 optionally includes that the first acoustic resonator is adjusted to resonate at a selected frequency, the first acoustic resonator is configured to resonate in resonance with a second acoustic resonator, and the second acoustic resonator is outside the pentagonal structure having six faces.

[0060] In Example 20, the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 12 - 19 optionally includes that the electromagnetic material is configured to generate a magnetic field directed in a selected direction in response to receiving power.

[0061] In Example 21, one or more of the themes of Examples 1 to 20 include at least one conductive wire incorporated into at least one of the substantially pentagonal structures, and the at least one conductive wire is configured to transmit power or generate an electromagnetic field.

[0062] In Example 22, one or more of the themes of Examples 1 to 21 optionally include that the second subgroup is arranged to be connected to the first outer subgroup, the second outer subgroup, and the third outer subgroup corresponding to the pentagonal structure having the first six outer faces, the pentagonal structure having the second six outer faces, and the pentagonal structure having the third six outer faces to form a substantially regular dodecahedron.

[0063] In Example 23, the theme of Example 22 optionally includes a second plurality of tetrahedral vertex structure supports at each vertex of the substantially regular dodecahedron, and the second plurality of tetrahedral vertex structure supports are configured to support adjacent substantially pentagonal structures within the substantially regular dodecahedron.

[0064] In Example 24, one or more of the themes of Examples 20 to 23 optionally include a second plurality of three-sided edge structure supports at each edge of the substantially regular dodecahedron, and the second plurality of three-sided edge structure supports are configured to support adjacent substantially pentagonal structures within the substantially regular dodecahedron.

[0065] Example 25 is a method of manufacturing a pentagonal structure vehicle, the method including forming a 3D geometric structure having a first six faces from a first group of six substantially pentagonal planes and a first propulsion device, each substantially pentagonal plane being joined to four adjacent substantially pentagonal planes along two adjacent sides, forming a 3D geometric structure having a second six faces from a second group of six substantially pentagonal planes and a second propulsion device, the second group of six substantially pentagonal planes being substantially congruent to the first group of six substantially pentagonal planes, and fixing and attaching the 3D geometric structure having the first six faces to the 3D geometric structure having the second six faces to form a pentagonal structure vehicle.

[0066] In Example 26, the subject matter of Example 25 optionally includes that the first propulsion device is supported within a first pentagonal plane on a 3D geometric structure having a first six faces, and the second propulsion device is supported within a second pentagonal plane on a 3D geometric structure having a second six faces.

[0067] In Example 27, the subject matter of Example 26 optionally includes that the first propulsion device and the second propulsion device include thrust devices. In Example 28, the subject matter of Example 27 optionally includes that the thrust device includes at least one of a propeller engine, a turbine engine, a jet engine, an ion propulsion device, a Hall effect propulsion device, a molecular excitation thrust device, and a magnetic levitation device.

[0068] In Example 29, the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 25 - 28 optionally includes that the 3D geometric structure having a first six faces includes a third propulsion device supported within a third pentagonal plane on the 3D geometric structure having a first six faces, the 3D geometric structure having a second six faces includes a fourth propulsion device supported within a fourth pentagonal plane on the 3D geometric structure having a second six faces, the first propulsion device and the second propulsion device provide a first propulsion method, the third propulsion device and the fourth propulsion device provide a second propulsion method, and the first propulsion method is different from the second propulsion method.

[0069] In Example 30, the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 25 - 29 optionally includes fixing and attaching a plurality of control devices to a pentagonal structure vehicle, and the plurality of control devices are configured to direct the propulsion force.

[0070] In Example 31, the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 25 - 30 optionally includes that the plurality of control surfaces include at least one of a gimbal device, an adjustable aerodynamic control surface, and a limiting device.

[0071] In Example 32, the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 25 - 31 optionally includes a 3D geometric structure along three pairs of adjacent edges. In Example 33, any one or more of the themes of Examples 25 to 32 optionally include that each of the six substantially pentagonal planes of the first group and the six substantially pentagonal planes of the second group is provided with an edge structure support having a plurality of first three faces on each side, and the edge structure support having the plurality of first three faces is configured to support the relative positions of adjacent substantially pentagonal structures.

[0072] In Example 34, the theme of Example 33 optionally includes that a plurality of tetrahedral vertex structure supports and an edge structure support having a plurality of three faces are configured such that at least one of the substantially pentagonal structures can be folded toward an adjacent substantially pentagonal structure.

[0073] In Example 35, the theme of Example 34 optionally includes incorporating a magnetic material into at least one of the substantially pentagonal structures to provide structural support to a pentagonal structure having six faces. In Example 36, any one or more of the themes of Examples 34 to 35 optionally include incorporating an electromagnetic material into at least one of the substantially pentagonal structures.

[0074] In Example 37, the theme of Example 36 optionally includes that the electromagnetic material is configured to fold at least one of the sixth substantially pentagonal structures toward an adjacent substantially pentagonal structure in response to receiving power.

[0075] In Example 38, the theme of Example 37 optionally includes incorporating a piezoelectric element configured to generate an electric charge in response to vibration into at least one of the substantially pentagonal structures. In Example 39, any one or more of the themes of Examples 37 to 38 optionally include that the piezoelectric element is electrically connected to the electromagnetic material and is configured to fold at least one of the sixth substantially pentagonal structures toward an adjacent substantially pentagonal structure in response to the electric charge generated by the piezoelectric element.

[0076] In Example 40, any one or more of the themes of Examples 38 to 39 optionally include incorporating a light-emitting diode into at least one of the substantially pentagonal structures and electrically connecting it to a piezoelectric element, and the light-emitting diode is configured to provide electroluminescence in response to the charge generated by the piezoelectric element.

[0077] In Example 41, the theme of Example 40 optionally includes that the light-emitting diode is a substantially flat organic light-emitting diode. In Example 42, any one or more of the themes of Examples 38 to 41 optionally include incorporating a first acoustic resonator into at least one of the substantially pentagonal structures to induce vibration in the piezoelectric element.

[0078] In Example 43, the theme of Example 42 includes that the first acoustic resonator is tuned to resonate at a selected frequency, the first acoustic resonator is configured to resonate in resonance with a second acoustic resonator, and optionally includes that the second acoustic resonator is outside the pentagonal structure having six faces.

[0079] In Example 44, any one or more of the themes of Examples 36 to 43 optionally include that the electromagnetic material is configured to generate a magnetic field directed in a selected direction in response to receiving power.

[0080] In Example 45, any one or more of the themes of Examples 25 to 44 include incorporating at least one conductive wire into at least one of the substantially pentagonal structures, and the at least one conductive wire is configured to transmit power or generate an electromagnetic field.

[0081] In Example 46, any one or more of the themes of Examples 25 to 45 optionally include that a second subgroup is arranged to be connected to a first outer subgroup, a second outer subgroup, and a third outer subgroup corresponding to a first outer pentagonal structure having six faces, a second outer pentagonal structure having six faces, and a third outer pentagonal structure having six faces to form a substantially regular dodecahedron.

[0082] In Example 47, the subject matter of Example 46 includes incorporating a second plurality of tetrahedral vertex structure supports at each vertex of a substantially regular dodecahedron, the second plurality of tetrahedral vertex structure supports being configured to support adjacent substantially pentagonal structures within the substantially regular dodecahedron.

[0083] In Example 48, the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 44 - 47 includes incorporating a second plurality of edge structure supports having three faces at each edge of a substantially regular dodecahedron, the second plurality of edge structure supports having three faces being configured to support adjacent substantially pentagonal structures within the substantially regular dodecahedron.

[0084] Example 49 is one or more machine - readable media that, when executed by a computer system, cause the computer system to perform any of the methods of Examples 25 - 48. Example 50 is an apparatus including means for performing any of the methods of Examples 25 - 48.

[0085] Example 51 is a non - transitory machine - readable storage medium including a plurality of instructions that, when executed by a processor of a device, cause the device to form a 3D geometric structure having a first six faces from a first group of six substantially pentagonal planes and a first propulsion device, each substantially pentagonal plane being joined to four adjacent substantially pentagonal planes along two adjacent sides, and to form a 3D geometric structure having a second six faces from a second group of six substantially pentagonal planes and a second propulsion device, the second group of six substantially pentagonal planes being substantially congruent to the first group of six substantially pentagonal planes, and to fixedly attach the 3D geometric structure having the first six faces to the 3D geometric structure having the second six faces to form a pentagonal - structured vehicle.

[0086] In Example 52, the subject matter of Example 51 optionally includes that the first propulsion device is supported within a first pentagonal plane on the 3D geometric structure having the first six faces, and the second propulsion device is supported within a second pentagonal plane on the 3D geometric structure having the second six faces.

[0087] In Example 53, the subject matter of Example 52 optionally includes that the first propulsion device and the second propulsion device include a thrust device. In Example 54, the subject matter of Example 53 optionally includes that the thrust device includes at least one of a propeller engine, a turbine engine, a jet engine, an ion propulsion device, a Hall effect propulsion device, a molecular excitation thrust device, and a magnetic levitation device.

[0088] In Example 55, the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 51 - 54 includes a third propulsion device supported within a third pentagonal plane on a 3D geometric structure having a first six faces, and a fourth propulsion device supported within a fourth pentagonal plane on a 3D geometric structure having a second six faces, the first propulsion device and the second propulsion device provide a first propulsion mode, the third propulsion device and the fourth propulsion device provide a second propulsion mode, and optionally, the first propulsion mode is different from the second propulsion mode.

[0089] In Example 56, the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 51 - 55 optionally includes fixing and attaching a plurality of control devices to a pentagonal - structured vehicle, and the plurality of control devices are configured to direct the propulsion force.

[0090] In Example 57, the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 51 - 56 optionally includes that the plurality of control surfaces include at least one of a gimbal device, an adjustable aerodynamic control surface, and a limiting device.

[0091] In Example 58, the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 51 - 57 optionally includes a 3D geometric structure along three pairs of adjacent edges. In Example 59, the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 51 - 58 optionally includes that each of a first group of six substantially pentagonal planes and a second group of six substantially pentagonal planes includes a side - structure support having a first plurality of three faces on each side, and the side - structure support having the first plurality of three faces is configured to support the relative positions of adjacent substantially pentagonal structures.

[0092] In Example 60, the subject matter of Example 59 optionally includes being configured such that a plurality of tetrahedral vertex structure supports and a plurality of edge structure supports having three faces can be folded toward at least one substantially pentagonal structure adjacent to the substantially pentagonal structure.

[0093] In Example 61, the subject matter of Example 60 optionally includes incorporating a magnetic material into at least one of the substantially pentagonal structures to provide structural support to the pentagonal structure having six faces. In Example 62, the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 60 - 61 optionally includes incorporating an electromagnetic material into at least one of the substantially pentagonal structures.

[0094] In Example 63, the subject matter of Example 62 optionally includes being configured such that the electromagnetic material, in response to receiving power, causes at least one of the sixth substantially pentagonal structures to fold toward an adjacent substantially pentagonal structure.

[0095] In Example 64, the subject matter of Example 63 optionally includes incorporating a piezoelectric element configured to generate an electric charge in response to vibration into at least one of the substantially pentagonal structures. In Example 65, the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 63 - 64 optionally includes being configured such that the piezoelectric element is electrically connected to the electromagnetic material and, in response to the electric charge generated by the piezoelectric element, causes at least one of the sixth substantially pentagonal structures to fold toward an adjacent substantially pentagonal structure.

[0096] In Example 66, the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 64 - 65 optionally includes incorporating a light - emitting diode into at least one of the substantially pentagonal structures and electrically connecting it to the piezoelectric element, and the light - emitting diode is configured to provide electroluminescence in response to the electric charge generated by the piezoelectric element.

[0097] In Example 67, the subject matter of Example 66 optionally includes that the light - emitting diode is a substantially flat organic light - emitting diode. In Example 68, the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 64 to 67 optionally includes incorporating a first acoustic resonator into at least one of the substantially pentagonal structures in order to induce vibration in the piezoelectric element.

[0098] In Example 69, the subject matter of Example 68 is optionally included such that the first acoustic resonator is adjusted to resonate at a selected frequency, the first acoustic resonator is configured to resonate in resonance with a second acoustic resonator, and the second acoustic resonator is outside the pentagonal structure having six faces.

[0099] In Example 70, the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 62 to 69 optionally includes that the electromagnetic material is configured to generate a magnetic field directed in a selected direction in response to receiving power.

[0100] In Example 71, the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 51 to 70 includes incorporating at least one conductive wire into at least one of the substantially pentagonal structures, and the at least one conductive wire is configured to transmit power or generate an electromagnetic field.

[0101] In Example 72, the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 51 to 71 optionally includes that a second subgroup is arranged to be connected to a first outer subgroup, a second outer subgroup, and a third outer subgroup corresponding to a first pentagonal structure having six outer faces, a second pentagonal structure having six outer faces, and a third pentagonal structure having six outer faces to form a substantially regular dodecahedron.

[0102] In Example 73, the subject matter of Example 72 includes incorporating a second plurality of tetrahedral vertex structure supports at each vertex of the substantially regular dodecahedron, and the second plurality of tetrahedral vertex structure supports are configured to support adjacent substantially pentagonal structures within the substantially regular dodecahedron.

[0103] In Example 74, one or more of the themes of Examples 70 to 73 include incorporating an edge structure support having a second plurality of three faces at each edge of a substantially regular dodecahedron, and the edge structure support having the second plurality of three faces is configured to support adjacent substantially pentagonal structures within the substantially regular dodecahedron.

[0104] Example 75 is an apparatus for manufacturing a pentagonal structure vehicle, the apparatus comprising means for forming a 3D geometric structure having a first six faces from a first group of six substantially pentagonal planes and a first propulsion device, each substantially pentagonal plane being joined to four adjacent substantially pentagonal planes along two adjacent sides; means for forming a 3D geometric structure having a second six faces from a second group of six substantially pentagonal planes and a second propulsion device, the second group of six substantially pentagonal planes being substantially congruent to the first group of six substantially pentagonal planes; and means for fixing and attaching the 3D geometric structure having the first six faces to the 3D geometric structure having the second six faces to form a pentagonal structure vehicle.

[0105] In Example 76, the theme of Example 75 optionally includes that the first propulsion device is supported within a first pentagonal plane on the 3D geometric structure having the first six faces, and the second propulsion device is supported within a second pentagonal plane on the 3D geometric structure having the second six faces.

[0106] In Example 77, the theme of Example 76 optionally includes that the first propulsion device and the second propulsion device comprise thrust devices. In Example 78, the theme of Example 77 optionally includes that the thrust device includes at least one of a propeller engine, a turbine engine, a jet engine, an ion propulsion device, a Hall effect propulsion device, a molecular excitation thrust device, and a magnetic levitation device.

[0107] In Example 79, any one or more of the themes of Examples 75 - 78 optionally include that a 3D geometric structure having a first six - sided surface comprises a third propulsion device supported within a third pentagonal plane on the 3D geometric structure having the first six - sided surface, a 3D geometric structure having a second six - sided surface comprises a fourth propulsion device supported within a fourth pentagonal plane on the 3D geometric structure having the second six - sided surface, the first propulsion device and the second propulsion device provide a first propulsion mode, the third propulsion device and the fourth propulsion device provide a second propulsion mode, and the first propulsion mode is different from the second propulsion mode.

[0108] In Example 80, any one or more of the themes of Examples 75 - 79 optionally comprise means for fixedly attaching a plurality of control devices to a pentagonal - structured vehicle, and the plurality of control devices are configured to direct the propulsion force.

[0109] In Example 81, any one or more of the themes of Examples 75 - 80 optionally include that a plurality of control surfaces include at least one of a gimbal device, an adjustable aerodynamic control surface, and a limiting device.

[0110] In Example 82, any one or more of the themes of Examples 75 - 81 optionally comprise a 3D geometric structure along three pairs of adjacent edges. In Example 83, any one or more of the themes of Examples 75 - 82 optionally include that each of a first group of six substantially pentagonal planes and a second group of six substantially pentagonal planes comprises an edge - structure support having a first plurality of three - sided surfaces on each side, and the edge - structure support having the first plurality of three - sided surfaces is configured to support the relative positions of adjacent substantially pentagonal structures.

[0111] In Example 84, the theme of Example 83 optionally includes that a plurality of tetrahedral - shaped vertex - structure supports and edge - structure supports having a plurality of three - sided surfaces are configured such that at least one of the substantially pentagonal structures can be folded towards an adjacent substantially pentagonal structure.

[0112] In Example 85, the subject matter of Example 84 optionally comprises means for incorporating a magnetic material into at least one of the substantially pentagonal structures to provide structural support to a pentagonal structure having six sides. In Example 86, the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 84 to 85 optionally comprises means for incorporating an electromagnetic material into at least one of the substantially pentagonal structures.

[0113] In Example 87, the subject matter of Example 86 optionally includes that the electromagnetic material is configured to fold at least one of the sixth substantially pentagonal structures toward an adjacent substantially pentagonal structure in response to receiving power.

[0114] In Example 88, the subject matter of Example 87 optionally includes means for incorporating a piezoelectric element configured to generate an electric charge in response to vibration into at least one of the substantially pentagonal structures. In Example 89, the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 87 to 88 optionally includes that the piezoelectric element is electrically connected to the electromagnetic material and is configured to fold at least one of the sixth substantially pentagonal structures toward an adjacent substantially pentagonal structure in response to the electric charge generated by the piezoelectric element.

[0115] In Example 90, the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 88 to 89 optionally comprises means for incorporating a light-emitting diode into at least one of the substantially pentagonal structures and electrically connecting it to the piezoelectric element, and the light-emitting diode is configured to provide electroluminescence in response to the electric charge generated by the piezoelectric element.

[0116] In Example 91, the subject matter of Example 90 optionally includes that the light-emitting diode is a substantially flat organic light-emitting diode. In Example 92, the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 88 to 91 optionally includes means for incorporating a first acoustic resonator into at least one of the substantially pentagonal structures to induce vibration in the piezoelectric element.

[0117] In Example 93, the subject matter of Example 92 is optionally included in that the first acoustic resonator is adjusted to resonate at a selected frequency, the first acoustic resonator is configured to resonate in resonance with the second acoustic resonator, and the second acoustic resonator is outside a pentagonal structure having six faces.

[0118] In Example 94, the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 86 to 93 optionally includes that the electromagnetic material is configured to generate a magnetic field directed in a selected direction in response to receiving power.

[0119] In Example 95, the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 75 to 94 includes means for incorporating at least one conductive wire into at least one of the substantially pentagonal structures, and the at least one conductive wire is configured to transmit power or generate an electromagnetic field.

[0120] In Example 96, the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 75 to 95 optionally includes that the second subgroup is connected to the first outer subgroup, the second outer subgroup, and the third outer subgroup corresponding to the pentagonal structure having the first outer six faces, the pentagonal structure having the second outer six faces, and the pentagonal structure having the third outer six faces, respectively, and is arranged to form a substantially regular dodecahedron.

[0121] In Example 97, the subject matter of Example 96 includes means for incorporating a second plurality of tetrahedral vertex structure supports at each vertex of the substantially regular dodecahedron, and the second plurality of tetrahedral vertex structure supports are configured to support adjacent substantially pentagonal structures within the substantially regular dodecahedron.

[0122] In Example 98, the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 94 to 97 includes means for incorporating a second plurality of edge structure supports having three faces at each edge of the substantially regular dodecahedron, and the second plurality of edge structure supports having three faces are configured to support adjacent substantially pentagonal structures within the substantially regular dodecahedron.

[0123] Example 99 is one or more machine-readable media that, when executed by a machine, include instructions that cause the machine to perform any one of the operations of Examples 1 to 98. Example 100 is an apparatus comprising means for performing any one of the operations of Examples 1 to 98.

[0124] Example 101 is a system for performing any one of the operations of Examples 1 to 98. Example 102 is a method for performing any one of the operations of Examples 1 to 98.

Claims

1. A pentagonal structure vehicle comprising: a 3D geometric structure having a first six faces and provided with a first propulsion device; a 3D geometric structure having a second six faces and provided with a second propulsion device; wherein the 3D geometric structure having the second six faces is fixedly attached to the 3D geometric structure having the first six faces; each of the 3D geometric structures having six faces comprises six substantially pentagonal planes joined at a common vertex at the center of the 3D geometric structure having six faces, and each substantially pentagonal plane is joined to four adjacent substantially pentagonal planes along two adjacent sides. A pentagonal structure vehicle.

2. The pentagonal structure vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the first propulsion device is supported within a first pentagonal plane on the 3D geometric structure having the first six faces; wherein the second propulsion device is supported within a second pentagonal plane on the 3D geometric structure having the second six faces. A pentagonal structure vehicle.

3. The pentagonal structure vehicle according to claim 2, wherein the first propulsion device and the second propulsion device comprise thrust devices.

4. The pentagonal structure vehicle according to claim 3, wherein the thrust device includes at least one of a propeller engine, a turbine engine, a jet engine, an ion propulsion device, a Hall effect propulsion device, a molecular excitation thrust device, and a magnetic levitation device.

5. The 3D geometric structure having the first six faces is provided with a third propulsion device supported within a third pentagonal plane on the 3D geometric structure having the first six faces; the 3D geometric structure having the second six faces is provided with a fourth propulsion device supported within a fourth pentagonal plane on the 3D geometric structure having the second six faces; the first propulsion device and the second propulsion device provide a first propulsion mode; the third and fourth propulsion devices provide a second propulsion mode; the first propulsion mode is different from the second propulsion mode. The pentagonal structure vehicle according to claim 1.

6. The pentagonal structure vehicle according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality of control devices for directing the propulsion force.

7. The pentagonal structure vehicle according to claim 6, wherein the plurality of control devices includes at least one of a gimbal device, an adjustable aerodynamic control surface, and a limiting device.

8. The pentagonal structure vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the 3D geometric structure having the second six faces is fixedly attached to the 3D geometric structure having the first six faces along three pairs of adjacent edges.

9. A method of manufacturing a pentagonal structure vehicle, comprising: forming a 3D geometric structure having a first six faces from a first group of six substantially pentagonal planes and a first propulsion device, each of the substantially pentagonal planes being joined to four adjacent substantially pentagonal planes along two adjacent sides and joined at a first common vertex at the center of the 3D geometric structure having the first six faces; forming a 3D geometric structure having a second six faces from a second group of six substantially pentagonal planes and a second propulsion device, the six substantially pentagonal planes of the second group being substantially congruent to the six substantially pentagonal planes of the first group and joined at a second common vertex at the center of the 3D geometric structure having the second six faces; fixing and attaching the 3D geometric structure having the first six faces to the 3D geometric structure having the second six faces to form a pentagonal structure vehicle. A method including the above steps.

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the first propulsion device is supported within a first pentagonal plane on the 3D geometric structure having the first six faces, and the second propulsion device is supported within a second pentagonal plane on the 3D geometric structure having the second six faces.

11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the first propulsion device and the second propulsion device comprise thrust devices.

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the thrust device includes at least one of a propeller engine, a turbine engine, a jet engine, an ion propulsion device, a Hall effect propulsion device, a molecular excitation thrust device, and a magnetic levitation device.

13. The method according to claim 9, wherein the 3D geometric structure having the first six faces comprises a third propulsion device supported within a third pentagonal plane on the 3D geometric structure having the first six faces, the 3D geometric structure having the second six faces comprises a fourth propulsion device supported within a fourth pentagonal plane on the 3D geometric structure having the second six faces, the first propulsion device and the second propulsion device provide a first propulsion mode, the third and fourth propulsion devices provide a second propulsion mode, and the first propulsion mode is different from the second propulsion mode.

14. The method according to claim 9, further comprising a plurality of control devices fixedly attached to the pentagonal structure vehicle, the plurality of control devices being configured to direct the propulsion force.

15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the plurality of control devices includes at least one of a gimbal device, an adjustable aerodynamic control surface, and a limiting device.

16. The method according to claim 9, wherein the 3D geometric structure having the second six faces is fixedly attached to the 3D geometric structure having the first six faces along three pairs of adjacent edges.

17. A non-transitory machine-readable storage medium including a plurality of instructions, which, when executed by a processor of a device, forms a 3D geometric structure having a first six faces from a first group of six substantially pentagonal planes and a first propulsion device, each substantially pentagonal plane being coupled to four adjacent substantially pentagonal planes along two adjacent sides and being coupled at a first common vertex at the center of the 3D geometric structure having the first six faces, forms a 3D geometric structure having a second six faces from a second group of six substantially pentagonal planes and a second propulsion device, the second group of six substantially pentagonal planes being substantially congruent to the first group of six substantially pentagonal planes and being coupled at a second common vertex at the center of the 3D geometric structure having the second six faces, fixes and attaches the 3D geometric structure having the first six faces to the 3D geometric structure having the second six faces to form a pentagonal structure vehicle A non-transitory machine-readable storage medium including instructions to cause the device to perform.

18. In the non-transitory machine-readable storage medium according to claim 17, the first propulsion device is supported within a first pentagonal plane on the 3D geometric structure having the first six faces, the second propulsion device is supported within a second pentagonal plane on the 3D geometric structure having the second six faces.

19. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium according to claim 18, wherein the first propulsion device and the second propulsion device include thrust devices.

20. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium according to claim 17, further including fixedly attaching a plurality of control devices to the pentagonal structure vehicle, the plurality of control devices being configured to direct the propulsion force.

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