Air conditioner

Abstract

To provide an air conditioner that enables miniaturization by arranging components so as not to provide any dead space while distributing wind to two heat exchangers using one blower.SOLUTION: An air conditioner 1 is configured such that a refrigerant circuit comprising a plurality of heat exchangers (condenser 30, evaporator 50) and an axial flow fan 60 for blowing air to the heat exchangers are housed in a case 10. The plurality of heat exchangers is arranged in a direction orthogonal to an air flow direction, and the axial flow fan 60 is arranged on one side with respect to an arrangement direction of the plurality of heat exchangers, and supplies air to the plurality of heat exchangers.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an air conditioner.

Background Art

[0002] An air conditioner is known that houses a set of components necessary for air conditioning, such as components of a refrigerant circuit (compressor, condenser, evaporator, expansion valve, etc.) and a blower, in a single case (see Patent Document 1 below).

[0003] As a conventional technique, a blower includes a blowing-side blower and an exhaust-side blower, a cold air chamber or a warm air chamber is provided below evaporators and condensers arranged in parallel in a case, and the blowing-side blower and the exhaust-side blower guide air that has passed through the condenser or evaporator from above to the cold air chamber or the warm air chamber and then blow it out or exhaust it upward.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0004]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0005] The above-described air conditioner can be installed in a space-saving manner in a room inside a house or a vehicle interior by being miniaturized. Further, when considering measures against viral infectious diseases and reduction of indoor CO 2 concentration, it is required to locally or personally air-condition the ventilated space. However, when using the above-described air conditioner for local air conditioning or personal air conditioning, the requirement for miniaturization becomes even higher.

[0006] In contrast, since the above-described prior art provides spaces such as a cold air chamber and a warm air chamber inside the case, in an air conditioner that houses air conditioning components inside the case, when a sufficient storage space for the air conditioning components is ensured to obtain a desired air conditioning capacity, the size of the apparatus cannot be avoided from increasing.

[0007] Further, in the prior art, since two blowers for blowing and exhausting occupy the space inside the case, there is a limit to downsizing the case. In contrast, it is conceivable to use one blower and separate the flow paths for blowing and exhausting, but it is difficult to distribute the air volume with an arbitrary air blowing balance to the evaporator and condenser inside the case. Also, when one blower is arranged at an intermediate position in the arrangement direction on the windward side of the evaporator and condenser arranged in parallel inside the case, dead spaces are formed at both ends in the arrangement direction of the space where the blower is arranged, and it becomes impossible to arrange the air conditioning components inside the case with high space efficiency.

[0008] The present invention has been proposed to address such problems. That is, in an air conditioner that houses components necessary for air conditioning inside a case, while distributing air to both of two heat exchangers (evaporator, condenser) with one blower, an object is to provide an air conditioner that can be downsized by arranging the air conditioning components so that no dead space is formed.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0009] In order to solve such problems, an air conditioner according to the present invention has the following configuration.

[0010] In an air conditioner in which a refrigerant circuit including a plurality of heat exchangers and an axial flow fan that blows air to the heat exchangers are housed inside a case, the plurality of heat exchangers are arranged in a direction orthogonal to the air flow direction, the axial flow fan is arranged on one side with respect to the arrangement direction of the plurality of heat exchangers, and air is supplied to the plurality of heat exchangers Shi , The plurality of heat exchangers are a condenser and an evaporator, air blown from the axial flow fan is distributed to each of the condenser and the evaporator through a ventilation passage, and the air conditioner further includes an inverter and an inverter substrate attached to the inverter. The inverter substrate is provided upstream of the condenser and the evaporator in the ventilation passage through which air that exchanges heat with the condenser and the evaporator flows, and the inverter substrate is provided between the axial flow fan and the evaporator. which is characterized by this.

Effects of the Invention

[0011] According to the present invention having such characteristics, while distributing air to both of the two heat exchangers with one blower, the air conditioning components are arranged so that no dead space is created, and an air conditioning apparatus that can be miniaturized can be provided.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0012]

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Embodiments for Carrying Out the Invention

[0013] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the following description, the same reference numerals in different drawings indicate parts having the same function, and duplicate descriptions in each drawing are omitted as appropriate. In each drawing, the left - right direction in the front view is defined as the X - axis, the front - rear direction in the front view is defined as the Y - axis, and the up - down direction in the front view is defined as the Z - axis.

[0014] First, the air conditioner 1 of the present embodiment will be described. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the air conditioner 1 includes a compressor 20, a condenser (heat exchanger) 30, an evaporator (heat exchanger) 50, an axial - flow fan 60, an inverter device 70, and a fan duct (ventilation path) 80 inside a case 10. Here, the compressor 20, the condenser 30, and the evaporator 50 form a refrigerant circuit with an expansion valve (not shown) and the like. Therefore, the air conditioner 1 includes a refrigerant circuit having a plurality of heat exchangers (the evaporator 50 which is a heat exchanger on one side of the arrangement direction and the condenser 30 which is a heat exchanger on the other side), and an axial - flow fan 60 that blows air to the heat exchangers, which are accommodated inside the case 10. In the present embodiment, the air conditioner 1 arranges the condenser 30 and the evaporator 50 in parallel in the up - down direction (the Z - axis direction in the drawing), but is not limited thereto, and the condenser 30 and the evaporator 50 may be arranged in parallel in the left - right direction (the X - axis direction in the drawing).

[0015] The compressor 20, the condenser 30, and the evaporator 50 are connected by pipes (not shown), and refrigerant circulates inside.

[0016] (Compressor 20) The compressor 20 compresses the refrigerant flowing in the above - mentioned pipes. The refrigerant compressed into high - pressure gas flows into the condenser 30 through the pipes.

[0017] (Condenser 30) The condenser 30 is a heat exchanger that performs heat exchange between the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 20 and the air blown from the axial flow fan 60. The refrigerant is liquefied by this condenser 30. The refrigerant that has undergone heat exchange in the condenser 30 is decompressed by an expansion valve (not shown) and flows into the evaporator 50 through a pipe. Also, the air blown from the axial flow fan 60 to the condenser 30 passes through the condenser 30 for heat exchange and flows out from the exhaust port 11 provided in the case 10.

[0018] (Evaporator 50) The evaporator 50 vaporizes the refrigerant decompressed by an expansion valve (not shown). The evaporator 50 is a heat exchanger that performs heat exchange between the refrigerant decompressed by the expansion valve and the air blown from the axial flow fan 60.

[0019] The air blown from the axial flow fan 60 to the evaporator 50 is absorbed by the heat of the refrigerant flowing through the evaporator 50 and cooled. The cooled air flows out from the opening 12 provided in the case 10 into the air conditioning duct 110. The air that has flowed out into the air conditioning duct 110 is blown out as cold air into, for example, the vehicle interior. The refrigerant that has undergone heat exchange in the evaporator 50 flows into the compressor 20 through a pipe. The refrigerant that has flowed into the compressor 20 is compressed again, repeating the above cycle.

[0020] (Axial flow fan 60) The axial flow fan 60 blows the air taken in from an air intake (not shown) provided in the case 10 through the fan duct 80. Also, the axial flow fan 60 is arranged on one side with respect to the arrangement direction of the condenser 30 and the evaporator 50 and supplies air to the condenser 30 and the evaporator 50.

[0021] Note that the air blown from the axial flow fan 60 is distributed to and blown to each of the condenser 30 and the evaporator 50 according to the shape of the fan duct 80 described below. Also, in the present embodiment, when looking at the axial flow fan 60 from the evaporator 50 side to the axial flow fan 60 side (hereinafter referred to as a front view), the fan rotates so that the wind blows clockwise.

[0022] As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the condenser 30 is disposed at the lower part and the evaporator 50 is disposed at the upper part. That is, the condenser 30 and the evaporator 50 are disposed in a direction orthogonal to the air flow direction by the axial flow fan 60.

[0023] Further, in the present embodiment, when viewed from the front, the evaporator 50 is disposed on the left side and the condenser 30 is disposed on the right side. That is, in a front view, the vertical central axis 50A (see FIG. 6) of the evaporator 50 and the vertical central axis 30A (see FIG. 6) of the condenser 30, which are orthogonal to the air flow direction of the axial flow fan 60 and parallel to the vertical direction, are separated. Further, the central axis 50A of the evaporator 50 is arranged closer to the central axis parallel to the vertical direction and orthogonal to the air flow direction in the axial flow fan 60 than the central axis 30A of the condenser 30. Further, the central axis 30A of the condenser 30 is arranged on the upstream side in the rotation direction of the axial flow fan 60 from the central axis 50A of the evaporator 50.

[0024] Therefore, as described above, since the axial flow fan 60 rotates clockwise when viewed from the front (counterclockwise in FIG. 6(c) which is a rear view), with respect to the central axis 50A of the evaporator 50 which is the heat exchanger closer to the axial flow fan 60, the central axis 30A of the condenser 30 which is the heat exchanger farther from the axial flow fan 60 is arranged on the upstream side in the rotation direction of the axial flow fan 60, and the condenser 30 and the evaporator 50 are arranged in this way (details of the air flow due to this arrangement will be described later).

[0025] As described above, in the air conditioner 1, the condenser 30 is arranged at the lower part and the evaporator 50 is arranged at the upper part. And the axial flow fan 60 is provided at the upper part on one side with respect to the arrangement direction of the condenser 30 and the evaporator 50, and a fan duct 80 is provided between the condenser 30 and the evaporator 50 and the axial flow fan 60. Further, the compressor 20 is provided below the axial flow fan 60, at a part of the lower part of the fan duct 80 and on a part of the axial flow fan 60 side. Therefore, in the air conditioner 1, each component (compressor 20, condenser 30, evaporator 50, axial flow fan 60, fan duct 80) is housed in the case 10 in a miniaturized manner with less dead space.

[0026] (Inverter device 70) The inverter device 70 converts the voltage and frequency of the power supplied from the power source and outputs it. For example, it controls the rotational speed of the motor that operates the compressor 20.

[0027] Also, in the inverter device 70, an inverter (heating element) 72 and the like are attached to an inverter substrate (heat radiating part) 71, and it is provided in the middle of the fan duct 80 (details will be described later). That is, the inverter substrate 71 is attached in the middle of the fan duct 80.

[0028] The inverter 72 is a heating element that becomes high temperature, and since the inverter substrate 71 is a heat radiating part for the heat generated by this inverter 72, by providing the inverter substrate 71 in the middle of the fan duct 80 which is a ventilation path, the inverter device 70 can be cooled by the air sent from the axial flow fan 60.

[0029] (Fan duct 80) The fan duct 80 guides the air sent out by the axial flow fan 60 to each of the condenser 30 and the evaporator 50. Hereinafter, with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4, the shape of the fan duct 80 will be described. Also, FIG. 5 shows a comparative example according to the difference in the shape of the fan duct 80.

[0030] As shown in Fig. 4(a), the fan duct 80 is long in the vertical direction, and a large ventilation passage is provided from the upper left to the lower right in the front view. Further, as shown in Fig. 4(b), the fan duct 80 has an upper duct portion 81 and a lower duct portion 82. Note that, also in the fan duct 280 shown in Fig. 5, which is shown as a comparative example, it is assumed to have an upper duct portion 281 and a lower duct portion 282.

[0031] The upper duct portion 81 is provided between the axial flow fan 60 and the evaporator 50, and between the axial flow fan 60 and the lower duct portion 82, and air is directly sent out from the axial flow fan 60. The air sent to the upper duct portion 81 flows into the evaporator 50 and the lower duct portion 82.

[0032] Also, between the axial flow fan 60 and the evaporator 50 of the upper duct portion 81, a protruding portion (one-side rectifying portion) 81a that protrudes from the evaporator 50 side to the condenser 30 side is provided on the upper end surface of the fan duct 80. Here, the air volume flowing in the outer peripheral direction from the axial flow fan 60 is larger than the air volume flowing straight from the central portion. For this reason, the air volume sent from the axial flow fan 60 is larger in the radial direction of the axial flow fan (the upper left and lower left directions in Fig. 4(b)) than the amount sent in the rotational axis direction of the axial flow fan.

[0033] Therefore, as described above, by providing the protruding portion 81a in the upper duct portion 81, the large air volume in the upper direction sent from the axial flow fan 60 is pushed downward, and the air velocity distribution of the air flowing into the evaporator 50 can be made uniform. On the other hand, like the upper duct portion 281 of the comparative example shown in Fig. 5, if there is no protruding portion 81a, although the air volume in the upper direction is large, the air volume in the rotational axis direction of the axial flow fan 60 is small, so the evaporator 50 cannot be evenly blown with air.

[0034] Further, an inverter board 71 is attached between the axial flow fan 60 and the evaporator 50 in the upper duct portion 81. More specifically, the inverter board 71 is attached to the upper duct portion 81 of the fan duct 80 so as to be inserted, and a part of the inverter board 71 and the attachment portion direction of the inverter 72 are exposed to the outside of the fan duct 80. The air passing through the position where the inverter board 71 is provided flows toward the condenser 30 side and hardly flows toward the evaporator 50 side. That is, the inverter board 71 is provided on the upwind side of the evaporator 50, and most of the air receiving heat from the inverter board 71 does not flow to the evaporator 50 side, and the air cooled by the evaporator 50 is not warmed up.

[0035] Therefore, in the inverter device 70, the inverter board 71 serving as a heat radiating portion is cooled by the air blown in the fan duct 80, and the inverter 72 can be appropriately cooled. Moreover, since the air heat-exchanged with the condenser 30 is warmed by the condenser 30, there is no problem even if the air flowing to the condenser 30 is slightly warmed by the inverter board 71. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the air blown to the evaporator 50 from being warmed up without overheating the inside of the fan duct 80, and to cool the inverter 72. In addition, for boards or the like that do not generate heat or generate little heat other than the inverter board 71, they can be provided in a space such as the side of the evaporator 50 above the condenser 30.

[0036] Further, the upper duct portion 81 has an upper rear duct 83 and an upper front duct 84. The upper rear duct 83 is a region from the axial flow fan 60 side to around the rear end of the protruding portion 81a, and the upper front duct 84 is a region from around the rear end of the protruding portion 81a to the evaporator 50.

[0037] In the upper rear duct 83, the air sent upward from the axial flow fan 60 side is constricted by the protruding portion 81a and flows into the upper front duct 84. In the upper front duct 84, since the upper part has a structure that expands from the rear end forward (see Fig. 4(b)), the air that has flowed into the upper front duct 84 spreads uniformly and is sent to the evaporator 50.

[0038] Also, since the lower part of the upper rear duct 83 has a shape that expands from the upstream side to the downstream side (see Fig. 4(b)), the air sent downward from the axial flow fan 60 is efficiently sent to the lower duct portion 82.

[0039] The lower duct portion 82 is provided between the upper duct portion 81 (upper rear duct 83) and the condenser 30. The upstream side of the lower duct portion 82 is connected to the upper duct portion 81, and the downstream side is connected to the condenser 30. Also, the lower duct portion 82 is provided with a throttle portion (the other side rectifying portion) 82a on the lower rear end side.

[0040] On the other hand, in the lower duct portion 282 of the comparative example shown in Fig. 5, the throttle portion 82a is not provided. Thus, when there is no throttle portion 82a, the air volume above the lower duct portion 282 becomes smaller than the air volume below. For this reason, air cannot be uniformly applied to the condenser 30.

[0041] In contrast, when a throttle portion 82a is provided like the lower duct portion 82 of the present embodiment, the air flowing into the lower duct portion 82 from above is constricted by the throttle portion 82a so that the flow rate of the air flowing downward from the throttle portion 82a is constricted. Therefore, by providing the throttle portion 82a in the lower duct portion 82, it is possible to suppress a large amount of air from flowing downward in the lower duct portion 82 and make the air distribution flowing to the condenser 30 uniform.

[0042] Further, in the fan duct 80, the vicinity of the joint between the upper duct portion 81 and the lower duct portion 82 shown in s1 and s2 of FIG. 4 is expanded. On the other hand, at the upper part of the fan duct 80, as shown in s3 of FIG. 4, it is not expanded unnecessarily. That is, the fan duct 80 has a shape where the upper part leans to the left and the lower part leans to the right. As described above, since the vicinity of the joint between the upper duct portion 81 and the lower duct portion 82 of the fan duct 80 is expanded, the air sent out from the axial flow fan 60 can be sufficiently circulated downward.

[0043] On the contrary, like the fan duct 280 of the comparative example shown in FIG. 5, the portions t1 and t2 are not expanded, the vertical thicknesses of the upper duct portion 281 and the lower duct portion 282 are the same, and the vicinity of the joint has the same thickness and is inclined obliquely. Air cannot flow sufficiently from the upper duct portion 281 to the lower duct portion 282, and the desired air volume cannot be circulated to the condenser 30.

[0044] Next, the rotation direction of the axial flow fan 60 and the arrangements of the condenser 30 and the evaporator 50 will be described.

[0045] As shown in FIG. 6 and as described above, the axial flow fan 60 rotates clockwise in a front view. And in a front view (hereinafter, unless otherwise specified, right and left in the front view), the evaporator 50 is arranged on the left side, and the condenser 30 installed below the evaporator 50 is arranged on the right side. That is, since the axial flow fan 60 rotates clockwise in a front view, it rotates from the right side to the left side at the lower part.

[0046] At this time, the condenser 30 provided at the lower part of the axial flow fan 60 is provided on the right side, that is, the upstream side, of the evaporator 50. Also, on the right side of the axial flow fan 60, it rotates from above to below. Then, as described above, the fan duct 80 is inclined such that its upper part leans to the left and its lower part leans to the right, and the vicinity of the connection between the upper duct part 81 and the lower duct part 82 has an expanded shape. Therefore, the air discharged downward on the right side of the axial flow fan 60 can be sufficiently sent to the condenser 30 through the lower duct part 82.

[0047] On the other hand, in the comparative example shown in FIG. 7, the evaporator 50 is arranged on the right side, and the condenser 30 installed below the evaporator 50 is arranged on the left side. Since the axial flow fan 60 rotates clockwise in a front view, similar to the present embodiment (shown in FIG. 6 etc.), on the right side of the axial flow fan 60, it rotates from above to below.

[0048] However, the evaporator 50 is located closer to the right side, and the space above the right side of the fan duct 380 is also narrow, so the momentum of the air sent out from the axial flow fan 60 is dissipated, and the air cannot be sufficiently sent in the desired direction. For this reason, the air sent out from the axial flow fan 60 does not reach the condenser 30 through the lower duct part 82, and sufficient air cannot be sent to the condenser 30. That is, by installing the condenser 30 and the evaporator 50 according to the rotation direction of the axial flow fan 60 as in the present embodiment, the air sent out from the axial flow fan 60 can be effectively utilized.

[0049] In such an air conditioner 1, air is blown into the fan duct 80 from the upstream side to the downstream side by the axial flow fan 60. At this time, the flow rate of the air flowing in the direction of the rotation center axis of the axial flow fan 60 is small, and the flow rate of the air flowing in the radial direction is large.

[0050] The large air flow directed upward is deflected downward by the protruding part 81a of the fan duct 80 and uniformly supplied to the evaporator 50 through the upper rear duct 83 and the upper front duct 84. The air supplied to the evaporator 50 is cooled by the evaporator 50, and the cooled air is supplied to the air conditioning duct 110. Also, a part of the air sent out from the axial flow fan 60 is sent to the inverter board 71 and can cool the inverter 72 by cooling it.

[0051] On the other hand, the air sent out from the axial flow fan 60 and directed downward is supplied from the upper duct portion 81 to the lower duct portion 82, and sufficient air is sent downward by the throttle portion 82a of the lower duct portion 82 and uniformly supplied to the condenser 30. The air supplied to the condenser 30 is heated by exchanging heat with the refrigerant in the condenser 30 and discharged from the exhaust port 11 of the case 10.

[0052] As described above, according to the air conditioner 1 of the present embodiment, with one axial flow fan 60, while distributing the air to both of the two heat exchangers (the condenser 30 and the evaporator 50) at a predetermined ratio, the components (the compressor 20, the condenser 30, the evaporator 50, the axial flow fan 60) are arranged so as not to create a dead space, achieving miniaturization and enabling the air to pass through the heat exchangers uniformly.

[0053] Also, according to the air conditioner 1 of the present embodiment, in addition to the arrangement of each component, by setting a predetermined shape with protrusions 81a, throttles 82a, etc. provided on the fan duct 80, the air volume distribution to the two heat exchangers (the condenser 30 and the evaporator 50) can be adjusted as aimed.

[0054] Furthermore, according to the air conditioner 1 of the present embodiment, since the inverter board 71 is arranged at the extended position of the fan duct 80 together with the shape of the fan duct 80, the inverter 72 can be cooled without warming the air cooled by the evaporator 50.

[0055] In the present embodiment, in a front view, the rotation of the axial flow fan 60 is clockwise, the evaporator 50 is arranged on the left side, and the condenser 30 is arranged on the right side. However, it is not limited to this, and the rotation of the axial flow fan 60 may be counterclockwise, the evaporator 50 may be arranged on the right side, and the condenser 30 may be arranged on the left side.

Explanation of Reference Numerals

[0056] 1 Air conditioner 10 Case 11 Exhaust port 12 Opening 20 Compressor 30 Condenser (heat exchanger) 50 Evaporator (heat exchanger) 60 Axial flow fan 70 Inverter device 71 Inverter board (heat dissipation part) 72 Inverter (heating element) 80, 280, 380 Fan duct (ventilation path) 81, 281 Upper duct part 81a Protrusion (one - side rectifying part) 82, 282 Lower duct part 82a Throttle part (the other - side rectifying part) 83 Upper rear - side duct 84 Upper front - side duct 110 Air - conditioning duct

Claims

1. In an air conditioner in which a refrigerant circuit including a plurality of heat exchangers and an axial flow fan that blows air to the heat exchangers are housed in a case, the plurality of heat exchangers are arranged in a direction orthogonal to the air flow direction, the axial flow fan is arranged on one side with respect to the arrangement direction of the plurality of heat exchangers, and supplies air to the plurality of heat exchangers, the plurality of heat exchangers are a condenser and an evaporator, the air blown from the axial flow fan is distributed to each of the condenser and the evaporator through a ventilation passage, the air conditioner further includes an inverter and an inverter board attached to the inverter, the inverter board is provided upstream of the condenser and the evaporator in the ventilation passage through which air that exchanges heat with the condenser and the evaporator flows, the inverter board is provided between the axial flow fan and the evaporator, An air conditioner characterized by the above.

2. An air conditioner according to claim 1, further comprising a one-side rectifying portion that equalizes the wind speed distribution of the air flowing to the heat exchanger on one side in the arrangement direction. An air conditioner according to claim 1, further comprising a one-side rectifying portion that equalizes the wind speed distribution of the air flowing to the heat exchanger on one side in the arrangement direction.

3. The one-side rectifying portion is a protruding portion formed on one end surface in the arrangement direction in the air flow path from the axial flow fan to the heat exchanger on one side in the arrangement direction and protruding to the other side in the arrangement direction. An air conditioner according to claim 2, characterized by the above.

4. An air conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising an other-side rectifying portion that equalizes the wind speed distribution of the air flowing to the heat exchanger on the other side in the arrangement direction. An air conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising an other-side rectifying portion that equalizes the wind speed distribution of the air flowing to the heat exchanger on the other side in the arrangement direction.

5. The other-side rectifying portion is a throttle portion that constricts the air flow path from the axial flow fan to the heat exchanger on the other side in the arrangement direction. An air conditioner according to claim 4, characterized by the above.

6. The central axis of the heat exchanger on one side in the arrangement direction, which is orthogonal to the air flow direction and parallel to the vertical direction, and the central axis of the heat exchanger on the other side in the arrangement direction are separated from each other. An air conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by the above.

7. The central axis of the heat exchanger on one side in the arrangement direction is arranged closer to the central axis of the axial flow fan that is orthogonal to the air flow direction and parallel to the vertical direction than the central axis of the heat exchanger on the other side in the arrangement direction. An air conditioner according to claim 6, characterized by the above.

8. The inverter substrate is a heat dissipation part, and the heat dissipation part is provided in the ventilation path of the heat exchanger on one side in the arrangement direction. The air conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that.

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