Zone Identification (ID) for Wireless SideLink Communication

Abstract

A sidelink user equipment (UE) receives a group activation signal (WUS) from a base station and decodes the group WUS based on the sidelink UE's zone identification (ID) information. The base station transmits an activation signal to a group of sidelink user equipment (UE) and transmits zone ID information to the group. The group activation signal parameters are a function of the zone ID information. The base station generates a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) sequence, selects a port for the DMRS, and / or scrambles a control channel or data channel based on the sidelink UE's zone ID. The sidelink UE compares the sidelink UE's zone ID with that of neighboring UEs and initiates a conditional handover to another cell when the sidelink UE's zone ID differs from that of neighboring UEs.

Description

Claim of Priority

[0001] Cross - Reference to Related Applications

[0001] This application claims the benefit of priority of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 039,392, filed on June 15, 2020, entitled "ZONE ID FOR WIRELESS SIDELINK COMMUNICATIONS", and claims the benefit of priority of U.S. Patent Application No. 17 / 193,400, filed on March 5, 2021, entitled "ZONE ID FOR WIRELESS SIDELINK COMMUNICATIONS", the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety into this specification.

Technical Field

[0002]

[0002] Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communications, and more particularly, to techniques and apparatus for using zone identification (ID) in wireless sidelink communications.

Background Art

[0003]

[0003] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various telecommunication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging, and broadcast. A typical wireless communication system can employ multiple access techniques that are capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources. Examples of such multiple access techniques include Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) systems, Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) systems, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) systems, Single - Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC - FDMA) systems, and Time Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (TD - SCDMA) systems.

[0004]

[0004] These multi-connectivity techniques are adopted in various telecommunications standards to provide a common protocol that enables various wireless devices to communicate on an urban, national, regional, and even global scale. An exemplary telecommunications standard is the fifth generation (5G) new radio (NR). 5G NR is part of the evolution of continuous mobile broadband published by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP®) to meet latency, reliability, security, scalability (e.g., by the Internet of Things (IoT)), and other associated new requirements. 5G NR includes services associated with enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine type communication (mMTC), and ultra-reliable low latency communication (URLLC). Some aspects of 5G NR may be based on the fourth generation (4G) long term evolution (LTE®) standard. 5G NR technology needs further improvement. These improvements may also be applicable to other multi-connectivity techniques and the telecommunications standards that adopt these techniques.

[0005]

[0005] A wireless communication system can include or provide support for various types of communication systems, such as vehicle-related communication systems (e.g., vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication systems). Vehicle-related communication systems may be used by vehicles to enhance safety and help prevent vehicle collisions. Information about bad weather, nearby accidents, road conditions, and / or other information may be communicated to a driver via a vehicle-related communication system. In some cases, sidelink UEs, such as vehicles, can communicate directly with each other using device-to-device (D2D) wireless links for D2D communication. These communications may be referred to as sidelink communications.

[0006]

[0006] As the demand for sidelink communication increases, different V2X communication systems compete for the same wireless communication resources. Moreover, some sidelink UEs may have limited power. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the efficiency of sidelink wireless communication.

Summary of the Invention

[0007]

[0007] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a method of wireless communication by a sidelink user equipment (UE) includes receiving a group wake-up signal (WUS) from a base station. The method also includes decoding the group WUS based on zone identification (ID) information of the sidelink UE.

[0008]

[0008] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a sidelink user equipment (UE) for wireless communication includes means for receiving a group wake-up signal (WUS) from a base station. The sidelink UE also includes means for decoding the group WUS based on zone identification (ID) information of the sidelink UE.

[0009]

[0009] In another aspect, an apparatus for wireless communication in a sidelink user equipment (UE) includes a processor and a memory coupled to the processor. Instructions stored in the memory, when executed by the processor, cause the apparatus to receive a group wake-up signal (WUS) from a base station. The instructions also cause the apparatus to decode the group WUS based on zone identification (ID) information of the sidelink UE.

[0010]

[0010] In yet another aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable medium records program code. The program code includes program code for receiving a group wake-up signal (WUS) from a base station when executed by a sidelink user equipment (UE). The program code also includes program code for decoding the group WUS based on zone ID information of the sidelink UE.

[0011]

[0011] According to another aspect, a method of wireless communication by a base station includes generating a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) sequence based on the zone identification (ID) of a sidelink user equipment (UE). The method also includes transmitting the DMRS sequence to the sidelink UE.

[0012]

[0012] In another aspect, a method of wireless communication by a base station includes selecting a port for a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) based on a zone identification (ID) of a sidelink user equipment (UE). The method further includes transmitting the DMRS by the port.

[0013]

[0013] In yet another aspect, a method of wireless communication by a base station includes scrambling a control channel or a data channel based on a zone identification (ID) of a sidelink user equipment (UE). The method also includes transmitting the control channel or the data channel to the sidelink UE.

[0014]

[0014] In another aspect of the present disclosure, a method of wireless communication by a sidelink user equipment (UE) includes comparing a zone identification (ID) of the sidelink UE with a zone ID of a neighbor UE. The method also includes initiating a conditional handover to a different cell when the zone ID of the sidelink UE is different from the zone ID of the neighbor UE.

[0015]

[0015] In another aspect of the present disclosure, a sidelink user equipment (UE) for wireless communication includes means for comparing a zone ID of the sidelink UE with a zone ID of a neighbor UE. The method also includes means for initiating a conditional handover to a different cell when the zone ID of the sidelink UE is different from the zone ID of the neighbor UE.

[0016]

[0016] In another aspect of the present disclosure, an apparatus for wireless communication in a base station includes a processor and a memory coupled to the processor. Instructions stored in the memory, when executed by the processor, cause the apparatus to transmit a wake-up signal (WUS) to a group of sidelink user equipment (UEs). The instructions also cause the apparatus to transmit zone ID information to the group of sidelink UEs. The group wake-up signal parameters are a function of the zone ID information.

[0017] According to another aspect, an apparatus for wireless communication at a base station includes a processor and a memory coupled to the processor. When instructions stored in the memory are executed by the processor, the processor causes the apparatus to generate a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) sequence based on a zone ID of a sidelink user equipment (UE). The instructions also cause the apparatus to transmit the DMRS sequence to the sidelink UE.

[0018] According to yet another aspect, an apparatus for wireless communication at a base station includes a processor and a memory coupled to the processor. When instructions stored in the memory are executed by the processor, the processor causes the apparatus to select a port for a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) based on a zone ID of a sidelink user equipment (UE). The instructions also cause the apparatus to transmit the DMRS on the port.

[0019] In yet another aspect, an apparatus for wireless communication at a base station includes a processor and a memory coupled to the processor. When instructions stored in the memory are executed by the processor, the processor causes the apparatus to scramble a control channel or a data channel based on a zone ID of a sidelink user equipment (UE). The instructions also cause the apparatus to transmit the control channel or the data channel to the sidelink UE.

[0020] In another aspect of the present disclosure, an apparatus for wireless communication in a sidelink user equipment (UE) includes a processor and a memory coupled to the processor. When instructions stored in the memory are executed by the processor, the processor causes the apparatus to compare a zone identifier (ID) of the sidelink UE with a zone ID of a neighbor UE. The instructions also cause the apparatus to initiate a conditional handover to a different cell when the zone ID of the sidelink UE is different from the zone ID of the neighbor UE.

[0021]

[0021] In another aspect of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable medium records program code. The program code is executed by a base station and includes program code for transmitting a wake-up signal (WUS) to a group of sidelink user equipment (UE). The program code also includes program code for transmitting zone ID information of a group of sidelink UEs. The group wake-up signal parameters are a function of the zone ID information.

[0022]

[0022] According to another aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable medium records program code. The program code is executed by a sidelink user equipment (UE) and includes program code for generating a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) sequence based on the zone ID of the sidelink UE. The program code also includes program code for transmitting the DMRS sequence to the sidelink UE.

[0023]

[0023] In yet another aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable medium records program code. The program code is executed by a sidelink user equipment (UE) and includes program code for selecting a port for a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) based on the zone ID of the sidelink user equipment (UE). The program code also includes program code for transmitting the DMRS by the port.

[0024]

[0024] In still another aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable medium records program code. The program code is executed by a sidelink user equipment (UE) and includes program code for scrambling a control channel or a data channel based on the zone ID of the sidelink user equipment (UE). The program code also includes program code for transmitting the control channel or the data channel to the sidelink UE.

[0025]

[0025] In another aspect of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable medium records program code. The program code is executed by a sidelink user equipment (UE) and includes program code for comparing the zone ID of the sidelink UE with the zone ID of a neighboring UE. The program code also includes program code for initiating a conditional handover to another cell when the zone ID of the sidelink UE is different from the zone ID of the neighboring UE.

[0026]

[0026] Aspects are generally described substantially with reference to the accompanying drawings and the specification, and include the methods, apparatuses, systems, computer program products, non-transitory computer-readable media, user equipment, base stations, wireless communication devices, and processing systems shown thereby.

[0027]

[0027] The above has outlined rather broadly the features and technical advantages of examples according to the present disclosure in a order that may better enable the understanding of the following forms for carrying out the invention. Further features and advantages are described. The disclosed concepts and specific examples may be readily utilized as a basis for modifying or designing other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present disclosure. Such equivalent structures do not depart from the scope of the appended claims. The characteristics of the disclosed concepts, both their organization and method of operation, together with the associated advantages, will be better understood from the following description when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Each of the drawings is provided for purposes of illustration and description and is not provided as a definition of the limits of the claims.

[0028]

[0028] To enable a more detailed understanding of the features of the present disclosure set forth above, the more detailed description briefly summarized above may be made with reference to aspects shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it should be noted that the accompanying drawings merely illustrate some typical aspects of the present disclosure and, therefore, the description should not be regarded as limiting the scope as other equally effective aspects may be recognized. It should be noted that the same reference numerals in different drawings can identify the same or similar elements.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0029]

Figure 1

[0029] Figure showing an example of a wireless communication system and an access network.

Figure 2A

[0030] Figure showing an example of a first fifth-generation (5G) new radio (NR) frame.

Figure 2B

Figure 2C

Figure 2D

Figure 3

[0031] Figure showing an example of a base station and a user equipment (UE) in an access network.

Figure 4

[0032] Figure showing an example of a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) system according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

Figure 5

[0033] Block diagram showing an example of a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) system with a roadside unit (RSU) according to an aspect of the present disclosure.

Figure 6

[0034] Figure showing a user equipment (UE) within the coverage area of a base station according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

Figure 7

[0035] Figure showing a zone of a user equipment (UE) according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

Figure 8

[0036] Flow diagram showing a user equipment (UE) using a zone identification (ID) in conjunction with a group wake-up signal (WUS) and a conditional handover (CHO) according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

Figure 9

[0037] Flow diagram showing an exemplary process performed, for example, by a sidelink user equipment according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

Figure 10

[0038] A flowchart showing an exemplary process executed by, for example, a base station according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

Figure 11

[0039] A flowchart showing an exemplary process executed by, for example, a base station according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

Figure 12

[0040] A flowchart showing an exemplary process executed by, for example, a base station according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

Figure 13

[0041] A flowchart showing an exemplary process executed by, for example, a sidelink user equipment according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0030]

[0042] Various aspects of the present disclosure are described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present disclosure may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to any specific structure or function presented throughout the present disclosure. Rather, these aspects are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. Based on this teaching, those skilled in the art should understand that any aspect of the present disclosure disclosed herein, whether implemented independently of or in combination with any other aspects of the present disclosure, is covered by the scope of the present disclosure. For example, an apparatus may be implemented using any number of the aspects described, or a method may be practiced. In addition, the scope of the present disclosure covers apparatuses or methods practiced using structures, functions, or combinations of structures and functions other than those described in the various aspects of the present disclosure. It should be understood that any aspect of the present disclosure disclosed herein may be embodied by one or more elements of the claims.

[0031]

[0043] Next, some aspects of a telecommunications system are presented with reference to various devices and techniques. These devices and techniques are described in the context of implementing the following invention and are shown in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, modules, components, circuits, steps, processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively referred to as "elements"). These elements may be implemented using hardware, software, or a combination thereof. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or as software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system.

[0032]

[0044] Although aspects may be described using terms commonly associated with 5G and later wireless technologies, it should be noted that aspects of the present disclosure may be applicable within other generation-based communication systems, including, for example, 3G and / or 4G technologies.

[0033]

[0045] In a cellular communication network, wireless devices can generally communicate with each other via one or more network entities, such as a base station or a scheduling entity. Some networks can support device-to-device (D2D) communication that enables nearby devices to discover and communicate with each other using a direct link between the devices (e.g., without going through a base station, relay, or another node). D2D communication can enable a mesh network and an in-device network relay function. Some examples of D2D technologies include Bluetooth® pairing, WI-FI Direct, Miracast, and LTE-D. D2D communication may also be referred to as point-to-point (P2P) communication or sidelink communication.

[0034]

[0046] D2D communication may be implemented using licensed or unlicensed bands. Furthermore, D2D communication can avoid the overhead associated with routing to the base station. Therefore, D2D communication can improve throughput, reduce latency, and / or increase energy efficiency.

[0035]

[0047] The types of D2D communication may include vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication. V2X communication can assist autonomous vehicles communicating with each other. For example, an autonomous vehicle may include a plurality of sensors (e.g., light detection and ranging (LiDAR), radar, camera, etc.). In most cases, the sensors of autonomous vehicles are line-of-sight sensors. In contrast, V2X communication can enable autonomous vehicles to communicate with each other in non-line-of-sight situations.

[0036]

[0048] Zone identification (ID) is a concept in sidelink communication based on the physical location of the UE. Aspects of the present disclosure relate to methods of leveraging the zone ID of the UE in physical layer (PHY) protocol design, such as by millimeter wave (mmWave) communication. Some aspects under consideration include group wake-up signals (WUS) for UE nodes within frequency bands such as mmWave (e.g., frequency range 2 (FR2) or frequency range 4 (FR4) corresponding to 24.25 - 52.6 GHz and 52.6 - 114.25 GHz, respectively). More specifically, aspects of the present disclosure relate to transmitting zone ID information to the base station or network for WUS parameter design.

[0037]

[0049] The wake-up signal can improve power saving. For example, the UE can sleep by entering a connected mode discontinuous reception cycle (CDRX) to save power. The UE wakes up periodically from sleep and listens for the wake-up signal. If the UE does not receive the wake-up signal, the UE returns to the sleep mode.

[0038]

[0050] When multiple UEs wake up at various times, it may be difficult to establish sidelink communication among these UEs. According to an aspect of the present disclosure, a base station or network aligns the sleep / wake-up cycles for UEs that are close to each other. The zone ID can facilitate the alignment. To enable the alignment, the group WUS parameters used by the base station / network may be a function of the zone ID of the UEs.

[0039]

[0051] The base station can transmit zone ID information to the UE inside the physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) payload. Alternatively, the zone ID may be used to scramble a part of the cyclic redundancy check (CRC) code.

[0040]

[0052] According to an aspect of the present disclosure, the base station and the UE use the zone ID information to determine the WUS parameters in a plurality of ways. For example, the search space and time location for monitoring WUS may be a function of the zone ID. Alternatively, the function may be explicit or implicit and may depend on other common UE parameters or capability information.

[0041]

[0053] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, the zone ID information may be used to generate a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) sequence or to select ports for DMRS. Additionally or alternatively, scrambling for a control channel or a data channel may be based on the zone ID information.

[0042]

[0054] Conditional handover (CHO) is defined as having a network configuration for the UE to initiate access to a target cell based on configured conditions. The use of conditional handover is determined by the network. The UE evaluates when the conditions are valid, for example, when the signal strength of the target cell exceeds a threshold. According to another aspect of the present disclosure, conditional handover may be triggered by the UE observing other sidelink UEs that inform different / same sidelink zone IDs based on its own zone ID. This information may be an indirect indication that the base station serving the neighbor UE has a better signal than the serving base station that triggers the conditional handover process.

[0043]

[0055] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, conditional handover may be triggered based on the informed zone IDs of a plurality of other sidelink UEs within coverage. For example, when the signal strength of communication between a sidelink UE of a neighbor UE exceeds a properly configured signal level threshold, it may be presumed that the signal strength between the sidelink UE and the neighbor cell base station may be good enough to guarantee a cell handover. The threshold may be determined based on the signal strength between the neighbor UE and its base station and / or the signal strength of the neighbor sidelink UE transmission received at the sidelink UE.

[0044]

[0056] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a wireless communication system and an access network 100. (Also referred to as a wireless wide area network (WWAN)) The wireless communication system includes a base station 102, a UE 104, an evolved packet core (EPC) 160, and another core network 190 (e.g., a 5G core (5GC)). The base station 102 may include a macro cell (high-power cellular base station) and / or a small cell 102' (low-power cellular base station). The macro cell includes a base station. The small cell 102' includes a femto cell, a pico cell, and a micro cell.

[0045]

[0057] (Collectively referred to as the evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN)) The base station 102 configured for 4G LTE can interface with the EPC 160 via a backhaul link 132 (e.g., S1 interface). The base station 102 configured for 5G NR (collectively referred to as the Next Generation RAN (NG-RAN)) can interface with the core network 190 via a backhaul link 184. In addition to other functions, the base station 102 can perform one or more of the following functions: transfer of user data, encryption and decryption of radio channels, integrity protection, header compression, mobility control functions (e.g., handover, dual connectivity), inter-cell interference coordination, setup and release of connections, load distribution, distribution for non-access stratum (NAS) messages, NAS node selection, synchronization, radio access network (RAN) sharing, multimedia broadcast multicast service (MBMS), subscriber and device tracing, radio access network information management (RIM), paging, positioning, and delivery of warning messages. The base stations 102 can communicate directly or indirectly with each other (e.g., via the EPC 160 or the core network 190) on a backhaul link 134 (e.g., X2 interface). The backhaul link 134 can be wired or wireless.

[0046]

[0058] The base station 102 can communicate wirelessly with the UE 104. Each of the base stations 102 can provide communication coverage to its respective geographical coverage area 110. There may be overlapping geographical coverage areas 110. For example, the small cell 102’ may have a coverage area 110’ that overlaps with the coverage area 110 of one or more macro base stations 102. A network including both small cells and macro cells may be known as a heterogeneous network. The heterogeneous network may also include a home evolved Node B (HeNB) that can provide services to a limited group known as a closed subscriber group (CSG). The communication link 120 between the base station 102 and the UE 104 may include an uplink (UL) transmission (also called a reverse link) from the UE 104 to the base station 102 and / or a downlink (DL) transmission (also called a forward link) from the base station 102 to the UE 104. The communication link 120 can use multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmit diversity. The communication link may be via one or more carriers. The base station 102 / UE 104 can use a spectrum of bandwidth up to Y MHz per carrier (e.g., 5, 10, 15, 20, 100, 400 MHz, etc.) allocated in carrier aggregation up to a total of Yx MHz (x component carriers) for transmission in each direction. The carriers may or may not be adjacent to each other. The carrier allocation may be asymmetric for the DL and UL (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated to the DL than the UL). The component carriers may include a primary component carrier and one or more secondary component carriers. The primary component carrier may be referred to as a primary cell (PCell), and the secondary component carrier may be referred to as a secondary cell (SCell).

[0047]

[0059] Some UEs 104 can communicate with each other using a device-to-device (D2D) communication link 158. The D2D communication link 158 can use the DL / UL WWAN spectrum. The D2D communication link 158 can use one or more sidelink channels, such as the Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel (PSBCH), Physical Sidelink Discovery Channel (PSDCH), Physical Sidelink Shared Channel (PSSCH), and Physical Sidelink Control Channel (PSCCH). D2D communication may occur via various wireless D2D communication systems, such as FlashLinQ, WiMedia, Bluetooth, ZigBee®, Wi-Fi®, LTE, or NR based on the IEEE 802.11 standard.

[0048]

[0060] The wireless communication system may further include a Wi-Fi access point (AP) 150 communicating with a Wi-Fi station (STA) 152 via a communication link 154 within the 5 GHz unlicensed frequency spectrum. When communicating within the unlicensed frequency spectrum, the STA 152 / AP 150 can perform a Clear Channel Assessment (CCA) before communication to determine whether the channel is available.

[0049]

[0061] The small cell 102’ can operate within an authorized and / or unlicensed frequency spectrum. When operating within the unlicensed frequency spectrum, the small cell 102’ can adopt NR and use the same 5 GHz unlicensed frequency spectrum as used by the Wi-Fi AP 150. The small cell 102’ adopting NR within the unlicensed frequency spectrum can enhance the coverage of the access network and / or increase the capacity of the access network.

[0050]

[0062] Base station 102 may include an eNB, a g Node B (gNB), or another type of base station, regardless of whether it is a small cell 102' or a large cell (e.g., a macro base station). Some base stations, such as gNB 180, can operate in a conventional sub-6 GHz spectrum, millimeter wave (mmWave) frequency, and / or near mmWave frequency that communicates with UE 104. When gNB 180 operates at a mmWave or near mmWave frequency, gNB 180 may be referred to as a mmWave base station. Extremely high frequency (EHF) is part of the radio frequency (RF) within the electromagnetic spectrum. EHF has a range of 30 GHz to 300 GHz and a wavelength between 1 millimeter and 10 millimeters. Radio waves within that band may be referred to as millimeter waves. Near mmWave can extend downward to a frequency of 3 GHz with a wavelength of 100 millimeters. The super high frequency (SHF) band extends between 3 GHz and 30 GHz and is also referred to as centimeter waves. Communications using the mmWave / near mmWave radio frequency band (e.g., 3 GHz to 300 GHz) have extremely high path loss and a short range. The mmWave base station 180 can utilize beamforming 182 with UE 104 to compensate for the extremely high path loss and short range.

[0051]

[0063] The base station 180 can transmit a beamformed signal to the UE 104 in one or more transmission directions 182'. The UE 104 can receive a beamformed signal from the base station 180 in one or more reception directions 182". The UE 104 can also transmit a beamformed signal to the base station 180 in one or more transmission directions. The base station 180 can receive a beamformed signal from the UE 104 in one or more reception directions. The base station 180 / UE 104 can perform beam training to determine the best reception and transmission directions for each of the base station 180 / UE 104. The transmission direction and reception direction for the base station 180 may or may not be the same. The transmission direction and reception direction for the UE 104 may or may not be the same.

[0052]

[0064] The EPC 160 may include a Mobility Management Entity (MME) 162, another MME 164, a Serving Gateway 166, a Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS) Gateway 168, a Broadcast Multicast Service Center (BM-SC) 170, and a Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway 172. The MME 162 may communicate with a Home Subscriber Server (HSS) 174. The MME 162 is a control node that processes signaling between the UE 104 and the EPC 160. Generally, the MME 162 realizes bearer management and connection management. All user Internet Protocol (IP) packets are transferred via the Serving Gateway 166, and the Serving Gateway 166 itself is connected to the PDN Gateway 172. The PDN Gateway 172 realizes UE IP address allocation and other functions. The PDN Gateway 172 and the BM-SC 170 are connected to an IP service 176. The IP service 176 may include the Internet, an intranet, an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), a PS streaming service, and / or other IP services. The BM-SC 170 can realize functions for the provisioning and delivery of MBMS user services. The BM-SC 170 can act as an entry point for content provider MBMS transmissions, may be used to authorize and initiate MBMS bearer services within a Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN), and may be used to schedule MBMS transmissions. The MBMS Gateway 168 may be used to deliver MBMS traffic to a base station 102 belonging to a Multicast Broadcast Single Frequency Network (MBSFN) area that broadcasts a specific service, and can be responsible for session management (start / stop) and collecting eMBMS-related charging information.

[0053]

[0065] The core network 190 may include an access and mobility management function (AMF) 192, other AMFs 193, a session management function (SMF) 194, and a user plane function (UPF) 195. The AMF 192 may communicate with an integrated data management (UDM) 196. The AMF 192 is a control node that processes signaling between the UE 104 and the core network 190. Generally, the AMF 192 realizes service quality (QoS) flow and session management. All user Internet protocol (IP) packets are transferred via the UPF 195. The UPF 195 realizes UE IP address allocation and other functions. The UPF 195 is connected to an IP service 197. The IP service 197 may include the Internet, an intranet, an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS), a PS streaming service, and / or other IP services.

[0054]

[0066] Base station 102 may also be referred to by gNB, Node B, evolved Node B (eNB), access point, base transceiver station, radio base station, radio transceiver, transceiver function, basic service set (BSS), extended service set (ESS), transmission and reception point (TRP), or some other suitable term. Base station 102 provides an access point for UE104 to EPC160 or core network 190. Examples of UE104 include mobile phones, smartphones, session initiation protocol (SIP) phones, laptops, personal digital assistants (PDAs), satellite radios, global positioning systems, multimedia devices, video devices, digital audio players (e.g., MP3 players), cameras, game consoles, tablets, smart devices, wearable devices, vehicles, electric meters, gas pumps, large or small kitchen appliances, healthcare devices, implants, sensors / actuators, displays, or any other similar functional device. Some of UE104 may be referred to as IoT devices (e.g., parking meters, gas pumps, toasters, vehicles, heart monitors, etc.). UE104 may also be called a station, mobile station, subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable term.

[0055]

[0067] Referring back to FIG. 1, in some aspects, a sidelink UE, such as UE 104, may trigger a conditional handover based on zone information. UE 104 may include a triggering component 198 configured to determine whether to initiate a conditional handover. Additionally or alternatively, a base station, such as base station 102, may include a zone ID component 199 configured to generate a data modulation reference signal (DMRS) sequence based on a zone ID, select ports for DMRS based on the zone ID, scramble a control channel or a data channel based on the zone ID, or activate a group of UEs based on the zone ID.

[0056]

[0068] The following description may focus on 5G NR, but it may be applicable to other similar areas such as LTE, LTE-A, CDMA, GSM (registered trademark), and other wireless technologies.

[0057]

[0069] FIG. 2A is a diagram 200 showing an example of a first subframe within a 5G NR frame structure. FIG. 2B is a diagram 230 showing an example of a DL channel within a 5G NR subframe. FIG. 2C is a diagram 250 showing an example of a second subframe within a 5G NR frame structure. FIG. 2D is a diagram 280 showing an example of a UL channel within a 5G NR subframe. The 5G NR frame structure may be frequency division duplexing (FDD) in which, for a particular set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth), the subframes within the set of subcarriers are dedicated either to DL or UL, or may be time division duplexing (TDD) in which, for a particular set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth), the subframes within the set of subcarriers are dedicated to both DL and UL. In the examples provided by FIGS. 2A and 2C, the 5G NR frame structure is assumed to be TDD, subframe 4 is composed of slot format 28 (mostly DL), D is DL, U is UL, X is flexible for use between DL / UL, and subframe 3 is composed of slot format 34 (mostly UL). Subframes 3 and 4 are indicated by slots 34 and 28, respectively, and any particular subframe may be composed of any of the various available slot formats 0 to 61. Slot formats 0 and 1 are all DL and UL, respectively. The other slot formats 2 to 61 include a mixture of DL, UL, and flexible symbols. The UE is configured with the slot format via the received slot format indicator (SFI) (dynamically via DL control information (DCI), or semi-statically / statically via radio resource control (RRC) signaling). Note that the following description also applies to a 5G NR frame structure that is TDD.

[0058]

[0070] Other wireless communication technologies may have different frame structures and / or different channels. A frame (10 ms) may be divided into 10 equal-sized subframes (1 ms). Each subframe may include one or more time slots. The subframe may also include minislots, and the minislot may include 7, 4, or 2 symbols. Each slot may include 7 or 14 symbols depending on the slot configuration. In the case of slot configuration 0, each slot may include 14 symbols, and in the case of slot configuration 1, each slot may include 7 symbols. The symbols on the DL may be cyclic prefix (CP) OFDM (CP-OFDM) symbols. The symbols on the UL may be CP-OFDM symbols (in the case of a high-throughput scenario), or (in the case of a power-limited scenario limited to single-stream transmission) discrete Fourier transform (DFT) spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM) symbols (also called single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) symbols). The number of slots in a subframe is based on the slot configuration and numerology. In the case of slot configuration 0, different numerologies μ0 to 5 enable 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 slots per subframe, respectively. In the case of slot configuration 1, different numerologies 0 to 2 enable 2, 4, and 8 slots per subframe, respectively. Thus, in the case of slot configuration 0 and numerology μ, there are 14 symbols / slot and 2μ slots / subframe. The subcarrier spacing and symbol length / duration are functions of the numerology. The subcarrier spacing may be equal to 2^μ * 15 kHz, where μ is the numerology from 0 to 5. Therefore, numerology μ = 0 has a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz, and numerology μ = 5 has a subcarrier spacing of 480 kHz. The symbol length / duration is inversely related to the subcarrier spacing. FIGS. 2A to 2D provide an example of slot configuration 0 having 14 symbols per slot and numerology μ = 0 having 1 slot per subframe. The subcarrier spacing is 15 kHz, and the symbol duration is approximately 66.7 μs.

[0059]

[0071] The resource grid can represent a frame structure. Each time slot includes a resource block (RB) (also referred to as a physical RB (PRB)) that extends over 12 consecutive subcarriers. The resource grid is divided into a plurality of resource elements (REs). The number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme.

[0060]

[0072] As shown in FIG. 2A, some of the REs carry a reference (pilot) signal (RS) for the UE. The RS may include a demodulation RS (DM-RS) (shown as Rx for one particular configuration, where 100x is the port number, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) and a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) for channel estimation at the UE. The RS may also include a beam measurement RS (BRS), a beam refinement RS (BRRS), and a phase tracking RS (PT-RS).

[0061]

[0073] Figure 2B shows an example of various DL channels within a subframe of a frame. The Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) carries DCI within one or more Control Channel Elements (CCEs), each CCE contains nine Resource Element Groups (REGs), and each REG contains four consecutive Resource Elements (REs) within an OFDM symbol. The Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) may be in symbol 2 of a specific subframe of a frame. The PSS is used by UE104 to determine subframe / symbol timing and physical layer identification information. The Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS) may be in symbol 4 of a specific subframe of a frame. The SSS is used by the UE to determine the physical layer cell identification information group number and radio frame timing. Based on the physical layer identification information and the physical layer cell identification information group number, the UE can determine the Physical Cell Identifier (PCI). Based on the PCI, the UE can determine the position of the aforementioned DM-RS. The Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) that carries the Master Information Block (MIB) may be logically grouped using the PSS and SSS to form a Synchronization Signal (SS) / PBCH block. The MIB provides the number of Resource Blocks (RBs) within the system bandwidth and the System Frame Number (SFN). The Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) carries user data, broadcast system information not transmitted via the PBCH such as System Information Blocks (SIBs), and paging messages.

[0062]

[0074] As shown in FIG. 2C, some of the REs carry DM-RS (shown as R in one particular configuration, although other DM-RS configurations are possible) for channel estimation at the base station. The UE can transmit DM-RS for the physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) and DM-RS for the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). The PUSCH DM-RS may be transmitted within the first one or two symbols of the PUSCH. The PUCCH DM-RS may be transmitted in a different configuration depending on whether a short PUCCH or a long PUCCH is transmitted and depending on the particular PUCCH format used. Although not shown, the UE can transmit a sounding reference signal (SRS). The SRS may be used by the base station to enable frequency-dependent scheduling on the UL for channel quality estimation.

[0063]

[0075] FIG. 2D shows an example of the various UL channels within a subframe of a frame. The PUCCH may be arranged as shown in one configuration. The PUCCH carries uplink control information (UCI) such as scheduling requests, channel quality indicator (CQI), precoding matrix indicator (PMI), rank indicator (RI), and hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgement / negative acknowledgement (ACK / NACK) feedback. The PUSCH carries data and may be further used to carry a buffer status report (BSR), a power headroom report (PHR), and / or UCI.

[0064]

[0076] FIG. 3 is a block diagram of base station 310 communicating with UE 350 within an access network. In DL, IP packets from EPC 160 may be supplied to controller / processor 375. Controller / processor 375 implements layer 3 and layer 2 functions. Layer 3 includes the radio resource control (RRC) layer, and layer 2 includes the service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer, the packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, the radio link control (RLC) layer, and the media access control (MAC) layer. Controller / processor 375 is associated with RRC layer functions related to broadcasting of system information (e.g., MIB, SIB), RRC connection control (e.g., RRC connection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRC connection release), mobility between radio access technologies (RAT), and measurement configuration for UE measurement reporting, and PDCP layer functions related to header compression / decompression, security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification), and handover support functions, and RLC layer functions related to transfer of upper layer packet data units (PDUs), error correction via ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs), resegmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs, and MAC layer functions related to mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto transport blocks (TBs), demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction via HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.

[0065]

[0077] The transmitting (TX) processor 316 and the receiving (RX) processor 370 implement layer 1 functions associated with various signal processing functions. Layer 1, which includes the physical (PHY) layer, may include error detection on the transport channel, forward error correction (FEC) coding / decoding of the transport channel, interleaving, rate matching, mapping onto the physical channel, modulation / demodulation of the physical channel, and MIMO antenna processing. The TX processor 316 handles mapping to signal constellations based on various modulation schemes (e.g., binary phase shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), M-phase shift keying (M-PSK), M-quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM)). The coded and modulated symbols may then be split into parallel streams. Each stream is then mapped to OFDM subcarriers, multiplexed with a reference signal (e.g., a pilot) in the time domain and / or frequency domain to generate a physical channel carrying a time domain OFDM symbol stream, and then may be combined together using an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT). The OFDM stream is spatially precoded to generate a plurality of spatial streams. Channel estimates from the channel estimator 374 may be used to determine the coding and modulation scheme and for spatial processing. The channel estimates may be derived from reference signals transmitted by the UE 350 and / or channel state feedback. Each spatial stream may then be supplied to a different antenna 320 via a separate transmitter 318TX. Each transmitter 318TX can modulate an RF carrier having the respective spatial stream for transmission.

[0066]

[0078] In UE350, each receiver 354RX receives signals via its respective antenna 352 of the receiver. Each receiver 354RX restores the information modulated on the RF carrier and supplies the information to the receiving (RX) processor 356. The TX processor 368 and the RX processor 356 implement layer 1 functions associated with various signal processing functions. The RX processor 356 can perform spatial processing on the information to restore any spatial stream addressed to the UE350. If multiple spatial streams are addressed to the UE350, the multiple spatial streams may be combined by the RX processor 356 into a single OFDM symbol stream. The RX processor 356 then uses a fast Fourier transform (FFT) to convert the OFDM symbol stream from the time domain to the frequency domain. The frequency domain signal comprises a separate OFDM symbol stream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal. The symbols and reference signals on each subcarrier are restored and demodulated by determining the most likely signal constellation points transmitted by the base station 310. These soft decisions may be based on the channel estimates calculated by the channel estimator 358. The soft decisions are then decoded and deinterleaved to restore the data and control signals initially transmitted by the base station 310 on the physical channel. The data and control signals are then supplied to the controller / processor 359 that implements layer 3 and layer 2 functions.

[0067]

[0079] The controller / processor 359 may be associated with a memory 360 that stores program code and data. The memory 360 may be referred to as a computer-readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 359 realizes the demultiplexing in reverse between the transport channel and the logical channel, packet reassembly, decoding, header decompression, and control signal processing to restore IP packets from the EPC160. The controller / processor 359 is also involved in error detection using the ACK and / or NACK protocol to support HARQ operations.

[0068]

[0080] Similar to the functions described for DL transmission by the base station 310, the controller / processor 359 performs RRC layer functions associated with system information (e.g., MIB, SIB) collection, RRC connection, and measurement reporting, PDCP layer functions associated with header compression / decompression and security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification), RLC layer functions associated with transfer of upper layer PDUs, error correction via ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC SDUs, resegmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs, and MAC layer functions associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto TBs, demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, reporting of scheduling information, error correction via HARQ, prioritization, and logical channel prioritization.

[0069]

[0081] Channel estimates derived by the channel estimator 358 from reference signals or feedback transmitted by the base station 310 may be used by the TX processor 368 to select an appropriate coding and modulation scheme and to facilitate spatial processing. The spatial streams generated by the TX processor 368 may be supplied to different antennas 352 via separate transmitters 354TX. Each transmitter 354TX can modulate an RF carrier with its respective spatial stream for transmission.

[0070]

[0082] UL transmission is processed at the base station 310 in a manner similar to that described for the receiver functions in the UE 350. Each receiver 318RX receives signals via its respective antenna 320 of the receiver. Each receiver 318RX recovers the information modulated on the RF carrier and supplies that information to the RX processor 370.

[0071]

[0083] The controller / processor 375 may be associated with a memory 376 that stores program code and data. The memory 376 may be referred to as a computer-readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 375 implements demultiplexing between a transport channel and a logical channel, packet reassembly, decoding, header decompression, and control signal processing to recover IP packets from the UE 350. The IP packets from the controller / processor 375 may be supplied to the EPC 160. The controller / processor 375 is also involved in error detection using the ACK and / or NACK protocols to support HARQ operations.

[0072]

[0084] At least one of the TX processor 368, RX processor 356, and controller / processor 359 may be configured to execute an aspect in cooperation with the triggering component 198 and / or the zone ID component 199 of FIG. 1. Further, at least one of the TX processor 316, RX processor 370, and controller / processor 375 may be configured to execute an aspect in cooperation with the triggering component 198 and / or the zone ID component 199 of FIG. 1.

[0073]

[0085] In some aspects, the base stations 102, 310, and / or UEs 104, 350 may include means for receiving, means for decoding, means for transmitting, means for determining, means for generating, means for selecting, means for scrambling, means for comparing, and / or means for initiating. Such means may include one or more components of the base stations 102, 310, and / or UEs 104, 350 described with respect to FIGS. 1 and 3.

[0074]

[0086] FIG. 4 is a diagram of a device-to-device (D2D) communication system 400 including V2X communication according to various aspects of the present disclosure. For example, D2D communication system 400 may include V2X communication (e.g., a first UE 450 communicating with a second UE 451). In some aspects, the first UE 450 and / or the second UE 451 may be configured to communicate within an authorized radio frequency spectrum and / or a shared radio frequency spectrum. The shared radio frequency spectrum may be unlicensed, and thus, multiple different technologies including New Radio (NR), Long-Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced, License-Assisted Access (LAA), Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC), MuLTEFire, 4G, etc. can use the shared radio frequency spectrum for communication. The above technology list should be considered exemplary and may not be exhaustive.

[0075]

[0087] D2D communication system 400 can use NR radio access technology. Of course, other radio access technologies such as LTE radio access technology may also be used. In D2D communication (e.g., V2X communication or vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication), UEs 450, 451 may be on networks of different mobile network operators (MNOs). Each network can operate within its own radio frequency spectrum. For example, the air interface (e.g., Uu interface) to the first UE 450 may be on one or more different frequency bands different from the air interface of the second UE 451. The first UE 450 and the second UE 451 can communicate via a sidelink component carrier, e.g., via a PC5 interface. In some examples, the MNO can schedule sidelink communication between or among UEs 450, 451 within an authorized radio frequency spectrum and / or a shared radio frequency spectrum (e.g., 5 GHz radio spectrum band).

[0076]

[0088] The shared radio frequency spectrum may be unlicensed, and thus, different technologies can use the shared radio frequency spectrum for communication. In some aspects, D2D communication (e.g., sidelink communication) between or among UEs 450, 451 is not scheduled by the MNO. The D2D communication system 400 may further include a third UE 452.

[0077]

[0089] The third UE 452 can operate, for example, on a first network 410 (e.g., of a first MNO) or another network. The third UE 452 may be in D2D communication with the first UE 450 and / or the second UE 451. The first base station 420 (e.g., gNB) can communicate with the third UE 452 via a downlink (DL) carrier 432 and / or an uplink (UL) carrier 442. DL communication can use various DL resources (e.g., DL subframes (Figure 2A) and / or DL channels (Figure 2B)). UL communication may be performed via the UL carrier 442 using various UL resources (e.g., UL subframes (Figure 2C) and UL channels (Figure 2D)).

[0078]

[0090] The first network 410 operates within a first frequency spectrum and includes, for example, a first base station 420 (e.g., gNB) that communicates with at least the first UE 450 as described in Figures 1 - 3. The first base station 420 (e.g., gNB) can communicate with the first UE 450 via a DL carrier 430 and / or an UL carrier 440. DL communication can use various DL resources (e.g., DL subframes (Figure 2A) and / or DL channels (Figure 2B)). UL communication may be performed via the UL carrier 440 using various UL resources (e.g., UL subframes (Figure 2C) and UL channels (Figure 2D)).

[0079]

[0091] In some aspects, the second UE 451 may be on a different network than the first UE 450. In some aspects, the second UE 451 may be on a second network 411 (e.g., of a second MNO). The second network 411 can operate within a second frequency spectrum (e.g., a second frequency spectrum different from the first frequency spectrum) and may include, as described in FIGS. 1 - 3, for example, a second base station 421 (e.g., a gNB) that communicates with the second UE 451.

[0080]

[0092] The second base station 421 can communicate with the second UE 451 via a DL carrier 431 and a UL carrier 441. DL communication is performed via the DL carrier 431 using various DL resources (e.g., DL sub - frames (FIG. 2A) and / or DL channels (FIG. 2B)). UL communication is performed via the UL carrier 441 using various UL resources (e.g., UL sub - frames (FIG. 2C) and / or UL channels (FIG. 2D)).

[0081]

[0093] In a conventional system, the first base station 420 and / or the second base station 421 allocate resources to UEs for device - to - device (D2D) communication (e.g., vehicle - to - everything (V2X) communication and / or vehicle - to - vehicle (V2V) communication). For example, the resources can be a pool of UL resources, both orthogonal (e.g., one or more frequency - division multiplexing (FDM) channels) and non - orthogonal (e.g., code - division multiplexing (CDM) / resource - spreading multiple access (RSMA) within each channel). The first base station 420 and / or the second base station 421 can configure the resources via a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) (e.g., a high - speed method) or a radio resource control (RRC) (e.g., a low - speed method).

[0082]

[0094] In some systems, each UE 450, 451 autonomously selects resources for D2D communication. For example, each UE 450, 451 can detect and analyze channel occupancy during a detection window. The UE 450, 451 can use the detection information to select resources from the detection window. As described, one UE 451 can assist another UE 450 when performing resource selection. The UE 451 providing assistance may be referred to as a receiver UE or a partner UE and can potentially notify the transmitter UE 450. The transmitter UE 450 can transmit information to the receiving UE 451 via sidelink communication.

[0083]

[0095] D2D communication (e.g., V2X communication and / or V2V communication) may be performed via one or more sidelink carriers 470, 480. The one or more sidelink carriers 470, 480 may include one or more channels such as, for example, a Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel (PSBCH), a Physical Sidelink Discovery Channel (PSDCH), a Physical Sidelink Shared Channel (PSSCH), and a Physical Sidelink Control Channel (PSCCH).

[0084]

[0096] In some examples, the sidelink carriers 470, 480 can operate using a PC5 interface. The first UE 450 can transmit to one or more (e.g., a plurality of) devices including the second UE 451 via the first sidelink carrier 470. The second UE 451 can transmit to one or more (e.g., a plurality of) devices including the first UE 450 via the second sidelink carrier 480.

[0085]

[0097] In some aspects, the UL carrier 440 and the first sidelink carrier 470 may be integrated to increase the bandwidth. In some aspects, the first sidelink carrier 470 and / or the second sidelink carrier 480 may share the first frequency spectrum (with the first network 410) and / or the second frequency spectrum (with the second network 411). In some aspects, the sidelink carriers 470, 480 may operate within an unlicensed / shared radio frequency spectrum.

[0086]

[0098] In some aspects, the sidelink communication on the sidelink carrier may be performed between the first UE 450 and the second UE 451. In one aspect, the first UE 450 may perform sidelink communication with one or more (e.g., a plurality of) devices including the second UE 451 via the first sidelink carrier 470. For example, the first UE 450 may transmit a broadcast transmission to a plurality of devices (e.g., the second UE 451 and the third UE 452) via the first sidelink carrier 470. The second UE 451 (e.g., among other UEs) may receive such a broadcast transmission. Additionally or alternatively, the first UE 450 may transmit a multicast transmission to a plurality of devices (e.g., the second UE 451 and the third UE 452) via the first sidelink carrier 470. The second UE 451 and / or the third UE 452 (e.g., among other UEs) may receive such a multicast transmission. The multicast transmission may be connectionless or connection-oriented. The multicast transmission may also be referred to as a groupcast transmission.

[0087]

[0099] Furthermore, the first UE 450 can send unicast transmissions to devices such as the second UE 451 via the first sidelink carrier 470. The second UE 451 (e.g., among other UEs) can receive such unicast transmissions. Additionally or alternatively, the second UE 451 can perform sidelink communication with one or more (e.g., a number of) devices including the first UE 450 via the second sidelink carrier 480. For example, the second UE 451 can send broadcast transmissions to a plurality of devices via the second sidelink carrier 480. The first UE 450 (e.g., among other UEs) can receive such broadcast transmissions.

[0088]

[0100] In another example, the second UE 451 can send multicast transmissions to a plurality of devices (e.g., the first UE 450 and the third UE 452) via the second sidelink carrier 480. The first UE 450 and / or the third UE 452 (e.g., among other UEs) can receive such multicast transmissions. Furthermore, the second UE 451 can send unicast transmissions to devices such as the first UE 450 via the second sidelink carrier 480. The first UE 450 (e.g., among other UEs) can receive such unicast transmissions. The third UE 452 can communicate in a similar manner.

[0089]

[0101] In some aspects, for example, such sidelink communication on a sidelink carrier between a first UE 450 and a second UE 451 may be performed without having such MNO - allocated resources for such communication (e.g., one or more portions of resource blocks (RBs), slots, frequency bands, and / or channels associated with sidelink carriers 470, 480), and / or without scheduling such communication. The sidelink communication may include traffic communication (e.g., data communication, control communication, paging communication, and / or system information communication). Further, the sidelink communication may include sidelink feedback communication associated with the traffic communication (e.g., transmission of feedback information about previously received traffic communication). The sidelink communication can adopt at least one sidelink communication structure having at least one feedback symbol. The feedback symbol of the sidelink communication structure can be assigned to any sidelink feedback information that can be communicated in a device - to - device (D2D) communication system 400 between devices (e.g., the first UE 450, the second UE 451, and / or the third UE 452). As described, the UE may be a vehicle (e.g., UE 450, 451), a mobile device (e.g., 452), or another type of device. In some cases, the UE may be a special UE such as a roadside unit (RSU).

[0090]

[0102] FIG. 5 shows an example of a V2X system 500 having an RSU 510 according to an aspect of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 5, the transmitter UE 504 transmits data to the RSU 510 and the receiving UE 502 via sidelink transmission 512. Additionally or alternatively, the RSU 510 can transmit data to the transmitter UE 504 via sidelink transmission 512. The RSU 510 can transfer the data received from the transmitter UE 504 to a cellular network (e.g., gNB) 508 via UL transmission 514. The gNB 508 can transmit the data received from the RSU 510 to other UEs 506 via DL transmission 516. The RSU 510 may be integrated with a traffic infrastructure (e.g., traffic signals, street light poles, etc.). For example, as shown in FIG. 5, the RSU 510 is a traffic signal disposed on the side of a road 520. Additionally or alternatively, the RSU 510 may be a stand-alone unit.

[0091]

[0103] Millimeter wave (mmWave) systems in 5G New Radio (5G NR) include both relay means and sidelink means. Generally, relay means have been studied for systems such as sub-6 GHz, 4G, Long Term Evolution (LTE), Device-to-Device (D2D), Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X), etc. In contrast to sub-6 GHz relays, mmWave presents several challenges, including more antenna elements, directional beams, power constraints, thermal constraints, and Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE) constraints. Although the present disclosure is mainly described with respect to mmWave, the present disclosure is also applicable to other systems such as sub-6 GHz of 5G-NR, LTE, etc.

[0092]

[0104] As described above, the zone ID is a concept in sidelink communication based on the geographical / physical location of the UE. Aspects of the present disclosure relate to methods of leveraging the zone ID of a UE in physical layer (PHY) protocol design, e.g., by mmWave communication.

[0093]

[0105] Some of the aspects considered include a group wake-up signal (WUS) for UE nodes within a frequency band such as mmWave (e.g., frequency range 2 (FR2) or frequency range 4 (FR4)). More specifically, aspects of the present disclosure relate to communicating zone ID information to a base station or network for WUS parameter design.

[0094]

[0106] The wake-up signal helps with power saving. Systems such as mmWave have particular challenges in power usage. To save power, a UE can enter a connected mode discontinuous reception cycle (CDRX). When data becomes available for communication with the UE, the UE must wake up. In this way, the UE wakes up from sleep periodically and listens for the WUS. If the UE does not receive a WUS indicating that data is available, the UE returns to the sleep mode. If the UE receives a WUS, the UE interrupts its sleep cycle and monitors control / data signals.

[0095]

[0107] If multiple UEs are awake at various times, it can be difficult to establish a sidelink between these UEs. According to aspects of the present disclosure, a base station or network aligns the sleep / wake-up cycles for UEs that are close to each other. The zone ID can facilitate the alignment. In this way, UEs that are close to each other can establish a high-quality sidelink between themselves.

[0096]

[0108] FIG. 6 is a diagram showing user equipment (UE) within a coverage area 600 of a base station according to various aspects of the present disclosure. The coverage area 600 includes a central base station / fifth generation node B (gNB) base station 602 and a plurality of UEs 604a-g. The following description and FIG. 6 relate to UEs connected to a single base station, although some of the UEs may be connected to different base stations (not shown). In FIG. 6, all of the UEs 604a-g within the cell are connected to the base station 602. The base station 602 knows the identifiers (e.g., cell radio network temporary identifier (C-RNTI), serving area identity temporary mobile subscriber identity (S-TMSI), or temporary identifier (TIN)) of each of the UEs 604a-g, as well as their approximate locations, but the UEs do not know the presence of neighboring UEs until they autonomously discover each other or are informed of the presence of neighboring UEs by the base station 602. In a scenario of autonomous discovery, some of the UEs 604a-g can perform beam scanning and know the presence of each other (when other UEs are listening). In both cases of autonomous discovery and network-based discovery, the UEs must wake up at the same time period to establish communication with each other. Thus, in FIG. 6, UE1 604a and UE2 604b are close to each other, but they may not know the presence of each other. Similarly, UE3 604c may not know the presence of neighboring UE4 604d and neighboring UE5 604e, and UE6 604f may not know the presence of neighboring UE7 604g. In FIG. 6, UE1 604a is attempting to establish a sidelink with UE2 604b.

[0097]

[0109] The sidelink zone ID divides the earth into small grids indexed in a well-defined way by an N-bit index that wraps around after a number of zones. The distance between sidelink UEs can be inferred from their respective zone IDs. UEs in different zones may be geographically far apart. UEs in the same zone are geographically close. For example, UE A and UE BSuppose they are in the same zone. When the width of the zone is equal to 500 m, the maximum UE - to - UE (UE A ~UE B ) separation distance is equal to 500 m. UE A and UE B are 4 zones apart, the maximum UE - to - UE (UE A ~UE B ) separation distance is equal to 2000 m.

[0098]

[0110] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a plurality of UEs within the same zone ID (or UEs that are geographically close to each other) may be activated at the same time interval to assist their mutual discovery. UEs in adjacent zones may be geographically close to each other. Therefore, instead of generating separate WUS parameters for each zone ID, the WUS for geographically close UEs may be clustered together. The UEs are more likely to wake up, sleep, and establish a sidelink between them simultaneously. The base station can know whether the UEs are close to each other from the rough positioning information reported by the UEs.

[0099]

[0111] To enable alignment, the group WUS parameters used by the base station / network may be a function of the UE's zone ID. The WUS has a plurality of parameters, for example, the waveform to be used, the code parameters for generating the waveform, etc. Any of these WUS parameters may be based on the zone ID.

[0100]

[0112] FIG. 7 is a diagram showing zones of user equipment (UE) according to various aspects of the present disclosure. The coverage area 700 of the base station includes a base station (e.g., gNB) 702 and three different zone IDs 704a-c. In FIG. 7, UE1 706a and UE2 706b have the same zone ID 704a (e.g., zone ID1) and thus the same wake-up signal (e.g., WUS1). Similarly, UE3 706c, UE4 706d, and UE5 706e have the same zone ID 704b (e.g., zone ID2) and the same wake-up signal (e.g., WUS2). UE6 706f and UE7 706g are close to each other and thus have the same zone ID 704c (e.g., zone ID3) and wake-up signal (e.g., WUS3). FIG. 7 shows all of the UEs 706a-g having the same cell communicating with a single base station (e.g., gNB) 702, but any of the UEs 706a-g may be communicating with a different base station (not shown). Moreover, neighboring UEs in different zones may have the same WUS, which is not depicted in FIG. 7. For example, UE2 706b and UE3 706c may have the same WUS.

[0101]

[0113] As shown above, FIGS. 6-7 are provided as examples. Other examples may be different from those described with respect to FIGS. 6-7.

[0102]

[0114] According to an aspect of the present disclosure, the base station transmits zone ID information to the UE inside the physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) payload. Alternatively, the zone ID may be used to scramble a portion of the cyclic redundancy check (CRC) code. For example, the CRC mask may be generated from the zone ID.

[0103]

[0115] According to an aspect of the present disclosure, the base station and the UE use zone ID information to determine WUS parameters in a plurality of ways. For example, the search space and time location for monitoring WUS may be a function of the zone ID. Alternatively, the function may be explicit or implicit and may depend on other common UE parameters (such as power, heat, or exposure parameters) or capability information (such as the number of UE RF chains or UE processing capabilities). For example, if the UE does not want to establish a sidelink, that information may be incorporated into WUS generation.

[0104]

[0116] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, the zone ID information may be used to generate a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) sequence or to select ports for DMRS. Additionally or alternatively, scrambling for a control channel or a data channel may be based on the zone ID information. For example, some frequencies may be available only at a particular location (e.g., a particular zone ID).

[0105]

[0117] Conditional handover (CHO) is defined as having a network configuration for the UE to start accessing a target cell based on certain configured conditions. The use of conditional handover is determined by the network. The UE evaluates when the condition is valid, for example, when the signal strength of the target cell (e.g., reference signal received power (RSRP)) exceeds a threshold.

[0106]

[0118] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, conditional handover may be triggered by a UE observing other sidelink UEs that inform different sidelink zone IDs based on its own zone ID. The other sidelink UEs are in different cells, which may be an indirect indication that the base station serving the neighbor UE has a better signal than the serving base station. Thus, the UE can trigger the conditional handover process. Comparison with a single neighbor UE may be sufficient to trigger conditional handover, but multiple neighbor UEs having different zone IDs can provide a better indication when triggering conditional handover.

[0107]

[0119] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, conditional handover may be triggered based on the informed zone IDs of a plurality of other sidelink UEs within coverage. For example, when the signal strength of communication between a neighbor UE and a sidelink UE exceeds a threshold, this may be an indirect indication leading to cell handover. The threshold may be determined based on the signal strength between the neighbor UE and its base station and / or the signal strength of the neighbor sidelink UE transmission received at the sidelink UE.

[0108]

[0120] FIG. 8 is a flowchart 800 showing a user equipment (UE) using a zone ID in conjunction with a group wake-up signal (WUS) and conditional handover (CHO) according to various aspects of the present disclosure. Flowchart 800 begins at block 802 when a UE, such as one of UEs 706a - g of FIG. 7, wakes up from sleep and listens for a wake-up signal. At block 804, it is determined whether a wake-up signal (WUS) has been received. If the WUS has not been received, at block 806, the UE returns to the sleep mode.

[0109]

[0121] When a start signal is received, at block 808, the UE interrupts its sleep cycle and monitors control / data signals at block 808. The control signal and the data signal may be received from the base station 702 in FIG. 7. The control signal and the data signal may include a zone ID as part of the PDCCH payload.

[0110]

[0122] At this point, the UE 706c can observe the zone ID notified by other sidelink UEs 706d, 706e. If the observed zone ID is different from the zone ID of the UE 706c, the UE 706c may be a candidate for conditional handover (CHO). The information may be an indirect indication that the gNB serving the other sidelink UEs 706d, 706e has a better signal than the serving gNB and triggers the CHO process. At block 810, the UE 706c evaluates whether a CHO should be performed based on whether its zone ID is different from the zone ID observed from the other UEs 706d, 706e. If a conditional handover is not required, at block 812, there is no change. However, if a conditional handover is required, at block 814, the CHO is executed. The UE 706c may be added to the group WUS associated with the other UEs 706d, 706e. The UE added to the group WUS is then activated together with the other UEs in the group.

[0111]

[0123] Figure 9 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary process 900, according to various aspects of the present disclosure, for example, performed by a user equipment (UE). The exemplary process 900 is an exemplary use of zone IDs for wireless sidelink communication. As shown in Figure 9, in some aspects, process 900 may include receiving a group wake-up signal (WUS) from a base station (block 902). For example, the UE may receive the group wake-up signal (WUS) using, for example, antenna 352, RX / TX 354, RX processor 356, controller / processor 359, and / or memory 360. Process 900 may also include decoding the group WUS based on zone ID information of the sidelink UE (block 904). For example, the UE may be able to decode the group WUS using, for example, antenna 352, RX / TX 354, RX processor 356, controller / processor 359, and / or memory 360.

[0112]

[0124] Figure 10 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary process 1000, according to various aspects of the present disclosure, for example, performed by a base station. The exemplary process 1000 is an exemplary use of zone IDs for wireless sidelink communication. As shown in Figure 10, in some aspects, process 1000 may include generating a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) sequence based on the zone ID of a sidelink user equipment (UE) (block 1002). For example, the base station may be able to generate the demodulation reference signal (DMRS) sequence using, for example, controller / processor 375, and / or memory 376. Process 1000 may also include transmitting the DMRS sequence to the sidelink UE (block 1004). For example, the base station may be able to transmit the DMRS sequence to the sidelink UE using, for example, antenna 320, TX / RX 318, TX processor 316, controller / processor 375, and / or memory 376.

[0113]

[0125] FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary process 1100, such as executed by a base station, according to various aspects of the present disclosure. The exemplary process 1100 is an exemplary use of zone IDs for wireless sidelink communication. As shown in FIG. 11, in some aspects, process 1100 may include selecting ports for demodulation reference signals (DMRS) based on the zone ID of a sidelink user equipment (UE) (block 1102). For example, the base station can select ports for demodulation reference signals (DMRS) using, for example, controller / processor 375 and / or memory 376. Process 1100 may also include transmitting DMRS by the ports (block 1104). For example, the base station can transmit DMRS by the ports using, for example, antenna 320, TX / RX 318, TX processor 316, controller / processor 375, and / or memory 376.

[0114]

[0126] FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary process 1200, such as executed by a base station, according to various aspects of the present disclosure. The exemplary process 1200 is an exemplary use of zone IDs for wireless sidelink communication. As shown in FIG. 12, in some aspects, process 1200 may include scrambling a control channel or a data channel based on the zone ID of a sidelink user equipment (UE) (block 1202). For example, the base station can scramble a control channel or a data channel based on the zone ID of a sidelink UE using, for example, controller / processor 375 and / or memory 376. Process 1200 may also include transmitting a control channel or a data channel to the sidelink UE (block 1204). For example, the base station can transmit a control channel or a data channel to the sidelink UE using, for example, antenna 320, TX / RX 318, TX processor 316, controller / processor 375, and / or memory 376.

[0115]

[0127] FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary process 1300, such as may be performed by a user equipment (UE), according to various aspects of the present disclosure. The exemplary process 1300 is an exemplary use of zone IDs for wireless side link communication. As shown in FIG. 13, in some aspects, process 1300 may include comparing the zone ID of the side link UE with the zone ID of a neighbor UE (block 1302). For example, the user equipment may use, for example, antenna 352, RX / TX 354, RX processor 356, TX processor 368, controller / processor 359, and / or memory 360 to compare the zone ID of the side link UE. Process 1300 may also include initiating a conditional handover to another cell when the zone ID of the side link UE is different from the zone ID of the neighbor UE (block 1304). For example, the UE may use, for example, antenna 352, RX / TX 354, RX processor 356, TX processor 368, controller / processor 359, and / or memory 360 to initiate a conditional handover to another cell.

[0116]

[0128] Implementation examples are described in the clauses numbered below. 1. A method of wireless communication by a side link user equipment (UE), comprising: receiving a group wake-up signal (WUS) from a base station; and decoding the group WUS based on zone identification (ID) information of the side link UE. The method comprising. 2. The method of clause 1, further comprising receiving zone ID information within a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) payload. 3. The method according to any one of clauses 1 or 2, further comprising receiving zone ID information by descrambling a portion of a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) code having the zone ID information. 4. The method according to any of the preceding clauses, further comprising receiving a group WUS based on time location and search space, which is a function of zone ID information. 5. The method according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein the zone ID information includes zone IDs from adjacent zones. 6. The method according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein the sidelink UE is within the coverage from a cell different from another sidelink UE that receives the group WUS. 7. The method according to any of the preceding clauses, further comprising decoding the group WUS based on common UE parameters in addition to the zone ID information. 8. A method of wireless communication by a base station, comprising: applying the zone identification (ID) of a sidelink user equipment (UE) to at least one of a selection of a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) port, generation of a DMRS sequence, or a scrambling operation; communicating with the sidelink UE based on the zone ID; and. 9. The method of clause 8, wherein the scrambling operation comprises scrambling a data channel based on the zone ID. 10. The method of clause 8 or 9, wherein the scrambling operation comprises scrambling a control channel based on the zone ID. 11. A method of wireless communication by a sidelink user equipment (UE), comprising: comparing the zone identification (ID) of the sidelink UE with the zone ID of a neighbor UE; initiating a conditional handover to a different cell when the zone ID of the sidelink UE is different from the zone ID of the neighbor UE; and. 12. The method of clause 11, further comprising initiating a conditional handover when the signal strength of the communication between the sidelink UE and the neighbor UE is greater than a threshold. 13. The method according to either of clauses 11 or 12, further comprising initiating a conditional handover when the signal strength of the neighbor UE is greater than a threshold. 14. A device for wireless communication in a sidelink user equipment (UE), comprising: a processor; a memory coupled to the processor; instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the device to: receive a group wake-up signal (WUS) from a base station; decode the group WUS based on zone identification (ID) information of the sidelink UE; and the device. 15. The device of clause 14, wherein the processor causes the device to receive zone ID information within a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) payload. 16. The device according to any one of clauses 14 or 15, wherein the processor causes the device to receive zone ID information by descrambling a part of a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) code having the zone ID information. 17. The device according to any one of clauses 14 to 16, wherein the processor causes the device to receive the group WUS based on a time location and a search space that are a function of the zone ID information. 18. The device according to any one of clauses 14 to 17, wherein the zone ID information includes zone IDs from adjacent zones. 19. The device according to any one of clauses 14 to 18, wherein the sidelink UE is within the coverage of a cell different from that of another sidelink UE that receives the group WUS. 20. The device according to any one of clauses 14 to 19, wherein the processor causes the device to decode the group WUS based on common UE parameters in addition to the zone ID information. 21. A device for wireless communication by a sidelink user equipment (UE), comprising: a processor; a memory coupled to the processor; instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the device to: compare the zone identification (ID) of the sidelink UE with the zone ID of a neighbor UE; and the device. Initiating a conditional handover to a different cell when the zone ID of the sidelink UE is different from the zone ID of the neighbor UE, and instructions operable to cause the device to comprise a device. 22. The device of clause 21, wherein the processor causes the device to initiate a conditional handover when the signal strength of communication with the neighbor UE of the sidelink UE is greater than a threshold. 23. The device of clause 21 or 22, wherein the processor causes the device to initiate a conditional handover when the signal strength of the neighbor UE is greater than a threshold.

[0117]

[0129] The above disclosure provides examples and explanations, but is not comprehensive or limiting the aspects to the exact form disclosed. Modifications and variations may be made in light of the above disclosure or obtained from the practice of the aspects.

[0118]

[0130] When used, the term "component" is to be broadly construed as hardware, firmware, and / or a combination of hardware and software. When used, a processor is implemented in hardware, firmware, and / or a combination of hardware and software.

[0119]

[0131] Some aspects are described with respect to a threshold. When used, satisfying a threshold can, depending on the situation, refer to the value being greater than the threshold, greater than or equal to the threshold, less than the threshold, less than or equal to the threshold, equal to the threshold, not equal to the threshold, etc.

[0120]

[0132] It will be apparent that the described systems and / or methods may be implemented in various forms of hardware, firmware, and / or a combination of hardware and software. The actual dedicated control hardware or software code used to implement these systems and / or methods does not limit the aspects. Thus, it is understood that the operation and behavior of the systems and / or methods are described without reference to specific software code, and that the software and hardware can be designed to implement the systems and / or methods based at least in part on the description.

[0121]

[0133] Even if specific combinations of features are recited in the claims and / or disclosed herein, these combinations do not limit the disclosure of the various aspects. In fact, many of these features may not be specifically recited in the claims and / or disclosed herein and may be combined in ways not specifically disclosed. Each dependent claim listed below may directly depend on only one claim, and the disclosure of the various aspects includes each dependent claim combined with any other claim in the claim set. A phrase referring to "at least one" of a list of items refers to any combination of those items that includes a single member. By way of example, "at least one of a, b, or c" covers a, b, c, a-b, a-c, b-c, and a-b-c, as well as any combination with multiple of the same elements (e.g., a-a, a-a-a, a-a-b, a-a-c, a-b-b, a-c-c, b-b, b-b-b, b-b-c, c-c, and c-c-c, or any other ordering of a, b, and c).

[0122]

[0134] An element, act, or instruction used should not be construed as important or essential unless so clearly described. Also, when used, the articles "a" and "an" include one or more items and may be used interchangeably with "one or more". Further, when used, the terms "set" and "group" include one or more items (e.g., related items, unrelated items, combinations of related and unrelated items, etc.) and may be used interchangeably with "one or more". When only one item is intended, the phrase "only one" or similar words are used. Also, when used, terms such as "has", "have", "having", etc. are intended to be open-ended terms. Further, the phrase "based on" means "at least partially based on" unless otherwise specified. The invention described in the claims of the present application at the time of filing is appended below. [C1] A method of wireless communication by a sidelink user equipment (UE), comprising: receiving a group wake-up signal (WUS) from a base station; and decoding the group WUS based on zone identification (ID) information of the sidelink UE. A method comprising the above. [C2] The method according to C1, further comprising receiving the zone ID information within a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) payload. [C3] The method according to C1, further comprising receiving the zone ID information by descrambling a part of a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) code having the zone ID information. [C4] The method according to C1, further comprising receiving the group WUS based on a time location and a search space that are functions of the zone ID information. [C5] The method according to C1, wherein the zone ID information includes zone IDs from adjacent zones. [C6] The method according to C1, wherein the sidelink UE is within the coverage of a cell different from another sidelink UE that receives the group WUS. [C7] The method according to C1, further comprising decoding the group WUS based on common UE parameters in addition to the zone ID information. [C8] A method of wireless communication by a base station, comprising: applying a zone identification (ID) of a sidelink user equipment (UE) to at least one of a selection of a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) port, a generation of a DMRS sequence, or a scrambling operation; and communicating with the sidelink UE based on the zone ID. A method comprising the above. [C9] The method according to C8, wherein the scrambling operation comprises scrambling a data channel based on the zone ID. [C10] The method according to C8, wherein the scrambling operation comprises scrambling a control channel based on the zone ID. [C11] A method of wireless communication by a sidelink user equipment (UE), comprising: comparing a zone identification (ID) of the sidelink UE with a zone ID of a neighbor UE; and initiating a conditional handover to a different cell when the zone ID of the sidelink UE is different from the zone ID of the neighbor UE. A method comprising [C12] The method according to C11, further comprising starting the conditional handover when a signal strength of communication between the sidelink UE of the neighbor UE and the sidelink UE is greater than a threshold. [C13] The method according to C11, further comprising starting the conditional handover when a signal strength of the neighbor UE is greater than a threshold. [C14] An apparatus for wireless communication in a sidelink user equipment (UE), comprising A processor, A memory coupled to the processor, Instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to Receive a group wake-up signal (WUS) from a base station, Decode the group WUS based on zone identification (ID) information of the sidelink UE, And An apparatus comprising [C15] The apparatus according to C14, wherein the processor causes the apparatus to receive the zone ID information within a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) payload. [C16] The apparatus according to C14, wherein the processor causes the apparatus to receive the zone ID information by descrambling a part of a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) code having the zone ID information. [C17] The apparatus according to C14, wherein the processor causes the apparatus to receive the group WUS based on a time location and a search space that are a function of the zone ID information. [C18] The apparatus according to C14, wherein the zone ID information includes zone IDs from adjacent zones. [C19] The apparatus according to C14, wherein the sidelink UE is within coverage from a cell different from another sidelink UE that receives the group WUS. [C20] The apparatus according to C14, wherein the processor causes the apparatus to decode the group WUS based on common UE parameters in addition to the zone ID information. [C21] An apparatus for wireless communication by a sidelink user equipment (UE), comprising A processor, A memory coupled to the processor, Instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to Compare a zone identification (ID) of the sidelink UE with a zone ID of a neighbor UE, Start a conditional handover to a different cell when the zone ID of the sidelink UE is different from the zone ID of the neighbor UE, And An apparatus comprising [C22] The apparatus according to C21, wherein the processor causes the apparatus to start the conditional handover when a signal strength of communication between the sidelink UE of the neighbor UE and the apparatus is greater than a threshold value. [C23] The apparatus according to C21, wherein the processor causes the apparatus to start the conditional handover when a signal strength of the neighbor UE is greater than a threshold value.

Claims

1. A method for wireless communication by a sidelink user equipment (UE), comprising: receiving a group wake-up signal (WUS) from a base station; decoding the group WUS based on group WUS parameters that are a function of zone ID information based on the physical location of the sidelink UE, in order to align the sleep and / or wake-up cycles with nearby UEs having the same zone identification (ID) information, wherein the group WUS parameters comprise a time location and a search space for monitoring the group WUS, and the time location and the search space for monitoring the group WUS are a function of zone ID information based on the physical location of the sidelink UE; communicating with another sidelink UE via sidelink communication; A method comprising the above.

2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising receiving the zone ID information within a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) payload.

3. The method according to claim 1, further comprising receiving the zone ID information by descrambling a part of a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) code having the zone ID information.

4. The method according to claim 1, further comprising receiving the group WUS in the time location and the search space for monitoring the group WUS.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the zone ID information includes zone IDs from adjacent zones.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sidelink UE is within the coverage of a cell different from another sidelink UE that receives the group WUS.

7. The method according to claim 1, further comprising decoding the group WUS based on a common UE parameter in addition to the zone ID information.

8. An apparatus for wireless communication in a sidelink user equipment (UE), comprising: a processor; a memory coupled to the processor; instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to: receive a group wake-up signal (WUS) from a base station; decode the group WUS based on group WUS parameters that are a function of zone ID information based on the physical location of the sidelink UE to align sleep and / or wake-up cycles with nearby UEs having the same zone identification (ID) information, wherein the group WUS parameters comprise a time location and a search space for monitoring the group WUS, and the time location and the search space for monitoring the group WUS are a function of zone ID information based on the physical location of the sidelink UE; communicate with another sidelink UE via sidelink communication; and cause the apparatus to perform the above. An apparatus comprising the above.

9. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the processor causes the apparatus to receive the zone ID information within a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) payload.

10. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the processor causes the apparatus to receive the zone ID information by descrambling a part of a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) code having the zone ID information.

11. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the processor causes the apparatus to receive the group WUS in the time location and the search space for monitoring the group WUS.

12. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the zone ID information includes a zone ID from an adjacent zone.

13. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the sidelink UE is within coverage from a cell different from one other sidelink UE that receives the group WUS.

14. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the processor causes the apparatus to decode the group WUS based on common UE parameters in addition to the zone ID information.

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