Antennas, detectors, and terminals

Abstract

The present application provides an antenna, particularly for use in millimeter wave radar or wideband radar, in which a convex structure and a concave structure are formed on the sides of a wide microstrip line. The shape and size of the convex structure and / or the shape and size of the concave structure, the distance between the convex structures, the distance between the concave structures, and / or the distance between the convex structures and the concave structures are designed so that the convex structures and the concave structures resonate at different frequencies, respectively. In this way, the convex structures and the concave structures support the radiation of signals at different frequency bands, thereby realizing the wideband radiation of the antenna.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This application relates to the field of radar technology, and in particular to antennas, detection devices, and terminals. [Background technology]

[0002] Broadband technology has been used in radar for some time. Wideband radar has high range resolution, and radar with high range resolution has more accurate target recognition capability and can capture the subtle characteristics of complex targets. Therefore, wideband radar has a wide range of applications in radar detection, imaging, target recognition, etc.

[0003] With the expansion of communication frequency bands, wideband radar imposes higher and higher requirements on the operating frequency band of antennas, so how to design a wideband antenna that is thin, simple in structure, and easy to integrate has become an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention [Means for solving the problem]

[0004] Embodiments of the present application provide a thin, simple, and easy-to-integrate wideband antenna that can be used in a detection device or terminal.

[0005] According to a first aspect, there is provided an antenna including a metal floor, a dielectric substrate, and a microstrip radiating structure, the metal floor and the microstrip radiating structure being respectively disposed on opposite sides of the dielectric substrate, the microstrip radiating structure including a first radiating element and a second radiating element, the first radiating element being formed by a convex structure along the microstrip radiating structure, and the second radiating element being formed by a concave structure along the microstrip radiating structure, the first radiating element supporting a first frequency band, and the second radiating element supporting a second frequency band.

[0006] It can be seen that convex and concave structures are formed on the sides of a wide microstrip line. The shape and size of the convex and concave structures, the distance between the convex structures, the distance between the concave structures, and / or the distance between the convex and concave structures are designed so that the convex and concave structures can resonate at different frequencies. In this way, the convex and concave structures support the radiation of signals in different frequency bands. When the antenna operates, a cavity-like electric field distribution can be achieved, thereby achieving broadband radiation of the antenna. For example, the line width of the microstrip line is 0.425 times or more of the central operating wavelength.

[0007] In some possible implementations, the microstrip radiating structure includes a plurality of first radiating elements and / or the microstrip radiating structure includes a plurality of second radiating elements.

[0008] It can be seen that in the antenna provided in this application, the number of first radiating elements and / or the number of second radiating elements can be flexibly designed as needed to achieve a wideband antenna.

[0009] In some possible implementations, there is a second radiating element between at least one group of two adjacent first radiating elements in the first direction.

[0010] It can be seen that in the antenna provided in this application, the relative positions of the first radiating element and the second radiating element can be flexibly designed as needed to achieve a wideband antenna.

[0011] In some possible implementations, the plurality of first radiating elements includes at least two groups of adjacent first radiating elements, and the distance between the centers of adjacent first radiating elements in one of the two groups is equal to or unequal to the distance between the centers of adjacent first radiating elements in the other group.

[0012] It can be seen that in the antenna provided in this application, the distance between the centers of adjacent first radiating elements can be flexibly designed as needed to realize a wideband antenna. If the distances between the centers of adjacent first radiating elements are all equal, the antenna design can be simplified.

[0013] In some possible implementations, the plurality of second radiating elements includes at least two groups of adjacent second radiating elements, and the distance between the centers of adjacent second radiating elements in one of the two groups is equal to or unequal to the distance between the centers of adjacent second radiating elements in the other group.

[0014] It can be seen that in the antenna provided in this application, the distance between the centers of adjacent second radiating elements can be flexibly designed as needed to realize a wideband antenna. If the distances between the centers of adjacent second radiating elements are all equal, the antenna design can be simplified.

[0015] In some possible implementations, the plurality of first radiating elements are disposed on the same side of the microstrip radiating structure, or a first portion of the radiating elements of the plurality of first radiating elements are disposed on a first side of the microstrip radiating structure and a second portion of the radiating elements of the plurality of first radiating elements are disposed on a second side of the microstrip radiating structure, the first side and the second side being two opposite sides of the microstrip radiating structure. When a first portion of the radiating elements of the plurality of first radiating elements are disposed on the first side of the microstrip radiating structure and a second portion of the radiating elements of the plurality of first radiating elements are disposed on the second side of the microstrip radiating structure, the first radiating elements along the second side correspond to the second radiating elements along the first side.

[0016] In some possible implementations, the plurality of second radiating elements may all be disposed on the same side of the microstrip radiating structure, or a first portion of the radiating elements of the plurality of second radiating elements may be disposed on a first side of the microstrip radiating structure and a second portion of the radiating elements of the plurality of second radiating elements may be disposed on a second side of the microstrip radiating structure, the first side and the second side being two opposite sides of the microstrip radiating structure. When a first portion of the radiating elements of the plurality of second radiating elements are disposed on the first side of the microstrip radiating structure and a second portion of the radiating elements of the plurality of second radiating elements are disposed on the second side of the microstrip radiating structure, the second radiating elements along the second side correspond to the first radiating elements along the first side.

[0017] In the antenna provided in the present application, the first radiating element or the second radiating element can be flexibly designed on both sides of the microstrip radiating structure as needed, and the position of the first radiating element along one side corresponds to the position of the second radiating element on the other side. Thus, when the antenna is operated, a cavity-like electric field distribution can be achieved, and a wideband antenna can be realized.

[0018] In some possible implementations, any two of the plurality of first radiating elements have the same shape, some of the plurality of first radiating elements have the same shape, or any two of the plurality of first radiating elements have different shapes.

[0019] In some possible implementations, any two of the plurality of second radiating elements have the same shape, some of the plurality of second radiating elements have the same shape, or any two of the plurality of second radiating elements have different shapes.

[0020] It can be seen that in the antenna provided in this application, the shape of the first radiating element or the shape of the second radiating element can be flexibly designed as needed to achieve a wideband antenna.

[0021] Optionally, the shape of the first radiating element is any one of the following shapes: sector, semicircle, circle, ellipse, triangle, quadrilateral, or polygon (with more than four sides), or a shape formed by a combination of these shapes.

[0022] Optionally, the shape of the second radiating element is: The shape can be any one of the following shapes: sector, semicircle, circle, ellipse, triangle, quadrilateral, or polygon (number of sides greater than four), or a shape formed by a combination of these shapes.

[0023] A quadrilateral includes any one of a trapezoid, a parallelogram, or a non-parallelogram. A parallelogram includes any one of a rectangle, a square, or a rhombus.

[0024] In some possible implementations, the microstrip radiating structure further includes an impedance matching structure, the impedance matching structure being disposed at a first end of the microstrip radiating structure, and the impedance matching structure being used to match the impedance of the antenna.

[0025] It can be seen that an impedance matching structure is designed at the feeding end of the microstrip radiating structure, so that the antenna provided in the present application can achieve a better feeding effect. The impedance matching structure provided in the present application can also be flexibly designed as needed. For example, the impedance matching structure is a multi-stage impedance matching structure.

[0026] In some possible implementations, the second end of the microstrip radiating structure is an open circuit, or the second end of the microstrip radiating structure is a short circuit. If the second end (unpowered end) of the microstrip radiating structure is a short circuit, the second end can be better grounded, so the radiation performance of the antenna is more stable.

[0027] In some possible implementations, the antenna feeding scheme can be end-fed, side-fed, or back-fed.

[0028] It can be seen that there is flexibility in the choice of feeding scheme for the antenna provided in this application.

[0029] In some possible implementations, the length of the first radiating element in the first direction is equal to or greater than 0.5 times the central operating wavelength of the antenna.

[0030] In some possible implementations, the distance between the centers of two adjacent first radiating elements in the first direction is equal to or greater than 0.65 times the central operating wavelength of the antenna.

[0031] In some possible implementations, the length of the first radiating element in the second direction is greater than or equal to 0.02 times the central operating wavelength of the antenna.

[0032] In some possible implementations, the length of the microstrip radiating structure in the second direction is less than or equal to 0.7 times the central operating wavelength of the antenna.

[0033] It can be seen that the required wideband antenna can be designed by optimizing the above structural parameters.

[0034] According to a second aspect, there is provided an antenna array, the antenna array comprising an antenna according to the first aspect or any one of the possible implementations of the first aspect.

[0035] In some possible implementations, the antenna array includes a plurality of antennas and a power dividing coupling structure, the plurality of antennas including a first antenna and a second antenna, the power dividing coupling structure including a first power dividing end and a second power dividing end, a first end of the first antenna electrically connected to the first power dividing end of the power dividing coupling structure, and a first end of the second antenna electrically connected to the second power dividing end of the power dividing coupling structure.

[0036] Therefore, the signal received by the first antenna and the signal received by the second antenna can be combined at the combining terminal, or the signal transmitted by the combining terminal can be split between the first antenna and the second antenna, so that the feeding network can feed the antenna array in a one-drive-two manner.

[0037] Optionally, the power dividing coupling structure may instead be a one-to-multiple or multiple-in-one power dividing coupling structure, in which case the feeding network feeds the antenna array in a one-drive multiple or multiple-in-one manner.

[0038] In some possible implementations, the antenna array may further include a radome.

[0039] It can be seen that antenna arrays, including the antennas provided in this application, can achieve wideband radiation.

[0040] According to a third aspect, there is provided a detection device, the detection device including an antenna according to the first aspect or any one of the possible implementations of the first aspect, and / or the detection device including an antenna array according to the second aspect or any one of the possible implementations of the second aspect.

[0041] In some possible implementations, the detection device may be a radar.

[0042] It will be appreciated that detection devices including the antennas and / or antenna arrays provided in the present application may have higher range resolution.

[0043] According to a fourth aspect, there is provided a terminal, the terminal including the detection apparatus according to the third aspect, and the terminal may be an intelligent transportation device, an intelligent manufacturing device, a smart home device, a surveying and mapping device, etc.

[0044] In some possible implementations, the terminal is a vehicle.

[0045] It will be appreciated that a terminal or vehicle including the detection device provided in this application may have greater sensing capabilities. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0046] [Figure 1] 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an application system according to an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 2a] 1 is a schematic diagram of a microstrip radiating structure according to an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 2b] 1 is a schematic diagram of a microstrip radiating structure according to an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 2c] 1 is a schematic diagram of a microstrip radiating structure according to an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 2d] 1 is a schematic diagram of a microstrip radiating structure according to an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 3] 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 4a] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the size of a microstrip radiating structure according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 4b] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the size of a microstrip radiating structure according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 5a] 1 is a schematic diagram of a microstrip radiating structure according to an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 5b] 1 is a schematic diagram of a microstrip radiating structure according to an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 5c] 1 is a schematic diagram of a microstrip radiating structure according to an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 6] 1 is a schematic diagram of a microstrip radiating structure according to an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 7] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a top surface structure of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 8] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an antenna feed according to an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 9a]1 is a schematic diagram of a microstrip radiating structure according to an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 9b] 1 is a schematic diagram of a microstrip radiating structure according to an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 9c] 1 is a schematic diagram of a microstrip radiating structure according to an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 10a] 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 10b] 10b is a schematic diagram of the microstrip radiating structure of the antenna shown in FIG. 10a. [Figure 10c] 10b is a simulation effect diagram of the antenna shown in FIG. 10a. [Figure 11] 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna array according to an embodiment of the present application; DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0047] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present application will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0048] The present application may be applicable to wireless communication systems or fields such as advanced driving assistance systems (ADAS), robots, unmanned aerial vehicles, connected vehicles, and security surveillance. The ADAS may be, for example, autonomous driving. The present application may be applicable to autonomous vehicles or vehicles integrated with ADAS, such as autonomous vehicles with human-machine interaction (HMI) functions or autonomous vehicles that perform motion control functions for the vehicle. Optionally, the vehicle may include at least one autonomous driving system to assist the autonomous driving of the autonomous vehicle.

[0049] FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of a vehicle with autonomous driving capabilities according to one embodiment of the present application. In one embodiment, vehicle 100 is configured to operate in a fully autonomous or semi-autonomous driving mode. As shown in FIG. 1 , components coupled to or included in vehicle 100 may include a propulsion system 110, a sensor system 120, a control system 130, peripherals 140, a power source 150, a computer system 160, and a user interface 170. For example, power source 150 may provide power to all components of vehicle 100. Computer system 160 may be configured to receive data from and control propulsion system 110, sensor system 120, control system 130, and peripherals 140. Computer system 160 may be further configured to generate and display images on a user interface 170 and receive input from user interface 170.

[0050] It should be noted that in another example, vehicle 100 may include more, fewer, or different systems, and each system may include more, fewer, or different components. Additionally, the illustrated systems and components may be combined or divided in any manner, and this is not specifically limited in this application.

[0051] The sensor system 120 may include several sensors configured to sense the surrounding environment of the vehicle 100. As shown in FIG. 1, the sensors in the sensor system 120 may include a Global Positioning System (GPS) 126, an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) 125, a laser radar, 122 , camera sensor 123, millimeter wave radar 124 and a brake 121 configured to correct the position and / or orientation of the sensor. 124The sensor can use radio signals to detect objects in the environment surrounding the vehicle 100. In some embodiments, in addition to detecting targets, the millimeter wave radar 12 4 The laser radar 12 may be further configured to detect the speed and / or direction of movement of a target. 2 The laser radar 12 can use lasers to detect objects in the environment in which the vehicle 100 is located. 2 may include one or more laser sources, a laser scanner, one or more detectors, and other system components. Camera sensor 123 may be configured to capture multiple images of the environment surrounding vehicle 100. Camera sensor 123 may be a static camera or a video camera.

[0052] The control system 130 controls the operation of the vehicle 100 and the components of the vehicle 100. The control system 130 includes a steering unit 136, a throttle 135, a braking unit 134, a sensor fusion algorithm 133, a computer vision system 132, a path control system 133, and a steering unit 135. 1 , and an obstacle avoidance system 137. unit 1 may be operated to adjust the direction of travel of the vehicle 100. For example, in one embodiment, the steering unit 136 may be a steering wheel system. The throttle 135 is configured to control the operating speed of the engine 114, which in turn controls the speed of the vehicle 100. The control system 130 may additionally or alternatively include components other than those shown in FIG. 1, which is not specifically limited in this application.

[0053] The computer vision system 132 may be operated to process and analyze images captured by the camera sensor 123 to recognize objects and / or features in the vehicle 100's environment. The objects and / or features may include traffic lights, road boundaries, and obstacles. The computer vision system 132 may use target recognition algorithms, structure from motion (SFM) algorithms, video tracking, and other computer vision techniques. In some embodiments, the computer vision system 132 may be configured to map the environment, track targets, estimate target speeds, and the like. The path control system 134 is configured to determine a driving path for the vehicle 100. In some embodiments, the path control system 134 may be configured to determine a driving path for the vehicle 100. 31 may combine data from sensor system 120, GPS 126, and one or more predetermined maps to determine a travel path for vehicle 100. Obstacle avoidance system 137 is configured to recognize, evaluate, avoid, or circumvent potential obstacles in the environment of vehicle 100. Of course, in an example, control system 130 may additionally or alternatively include components other than those shown and described, or may omit some of the components shown above.

[0054] Peripherals 140 may be configured to enable vehicle 100 to interact with external sensors, another vehicle, and / or a user. Thus, peripherals 140 may include, for example, a wireless communication system 144, a touchscreen 143, a microphone 142, and / or a speaker 141. Peripherals 140 may additionally or alternatively include components other than those shown in FIG. 1 , which is not specifically limited in this application.

[0055] Power supply 150 may be configured to provide power to some or all of the components of vehicle 100. The components of vehicle 100 may be configured to operate in interconnection with other components within and / or external to their respective systems. As such, the components and systems of vehicle 100 may be communicatively linked to one another through a system bus, a network, and / or another connection mechanism.

[0056] Some or all of the functionality of vehicle 100 is controlled by computer system 160. Computer system 160 may include at least one processor 161. Processor 161 executes instructions 1631 stored on a non-transitory computer-readable medium, such as in memory 163. Alternatively, computer system 160 may be multiple computing devices providing distributed control of individual components or subsystems of vehicle 100.

[0057] Processor 161 may be any conventional processor, such as a commercially available central processing unit (CPU). Alternatively, the processor may be a dedicated device, such as an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) or another hardware-based processor. While FIG. 1 functionally depicts the processor, memory, and other components of computer system 160 within the same block, those skilled in the art will understand that a processor, computer, or memory may actually include multiple processors, computers, or memories that may or may not be housed within the same physical enclosure. For example, memory may be a hard disk drive or another storage medium located in a different enclosure than computer system 160. Thus, reference to a processor or computer is understood to include reference to a set of processors, computers, or memories that may or may not operate in parallel. Unlike using a single processor to perform the steps described herein, some components, such as steering and deceleration components, may include their own processors. The processors perform only calculations related to the component's specific function.

[0058] In various aspects described herein, the processor may be located remotely from the vehicle and may perform wireless communication with the vehicle. In other aspects, some processes described herein are performed on a processor located within the vehicle, while other processes are performed by a remote processor, which may include performing the steps required for a single operation.

[0059] In some embodiments, memory 163 may include instructions 1631 (e.g., program logic) that may be executed by processor 161 to perform various functions of vehicle 100, including those described above. 163may further include additional instructions, including instructions to transmit data to, receive data from, interact with, and / or control any one or more of propulsion system 110, sensor system 120, control system 130, and peripherals 140.

[0060] In addition to instructions 1631, memory 163 may further store data such as road maps, route information, location, direction, vehicle speed, other similar vehicle data, and other information. Such information may be used by vehicle 100 and computer system 160 when vehicle 100 is operating in an autonomous mode, a semi-autonomous mode, and / or a manual mode.

[0061] User interface 170 is configured to provide information to or receive information from a user of vehicle 100. Optionally, user interface 170 may include one or more input / output devices within set of peripherals 140, such as wireless communication system 144, touchscreen 143, microphone 142, and speaker 141.

[0062] Computer system 160 can control functions of vehicle 100 based on inputs received from various subsystems (e.g., propulsion system 110, sensor system 120, and control system 130) and user interface 170. For example, computer system 160 can use inputs from control system 130 to control steering unit 136 to avoid obstacles detected by sensor system 120 and obstacle avoidance system 137. In some embodiments, computer system 160 can be operated to provide control over many aspects of vehicle 100 and its subsystems.

[0063] Optionally, any one or more of the aforementioned components may be located separately from or associated with vehicle 100. For example, memory 163 may be partially or completely separate from vehicle 100. The aforementioned components may be communicatively coupled to each other in a wired and / or wireless manner.

[0064] Optionally, the above components are only examples. In actual applications, components in the above modules may be added or deleted based on actual requirements. Figure 1 should not be construed as a limitation on the embodiments of the present application.

[0065] The vehicle 100 may be a car, truck, motorcycle, bus, boat, airplane, helicopter, lawn mower, recreational vehicle, playground vehicle, construction equipment, trolley, golf cart, train, transport vehicle, handcart, etc. Alternatively, the vehicle 100 may be replaced by another terminal, such as a mobile phone, tablet computer, smart home device, or intelligent robot, which is not particularly limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0066] For example, the present application provides a wideband antenna that may be used in the vehicle 100 or in the sensor system 120 of the vehicle 100 to enhance the sensing capabilities of the vehicle 100 .

[0067] This application provides an antenna. Convex and concave structures are formed on the sides of a wide microstrip line. The shapes and sizes of the convex and concave structures, the distance between the convex structures, the distance between the concave structures, and / or the distance between the convex and concave structures are designed so that the convex and concave structures resonate at different frequencies. In this way, the convex and concave structures support the radiation of signals in different frequency bands. When the antenna is operating, a cavity-like electric field distribution can be achieved, thereby achieving broadband radiation of the antenna. For example, the line width of the microstrip line is 0.25 times or more the center operating wavelength.

[0068] The cavity-like electric field distribution in this application can be understood as an electric field distribution similar to that of a waveguide antenna.

[0069] The convex and concave structures of the present application can be implemented in the following three ways: See Figure 2a to Figure 2c.

[0070] As shown in Figure 2a, a convex structure 120 and a convex structure 122 may be added (e.g., welded) to one side of a microstrip line having a line width W1. In this case, a concave structure 130 is formed between the convex structure 120 and the convex structure 122. Alternatively, as shown in Figure 2b, a portion of the microstrip line having a line width W1 may be removed (e.g., etched) from one side of the microstrip line to form the concave structure 130 and the concave structure 131. In this case, the convex structure 120 is formed between the concave structure 130 and the concave structure 131.

[0071] Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 2c, the microstrip radiating structure 100 may include a convex structure 120 and a convex structure 122 added to one side of a microstrip line having a line width W1, and a plurality of concave structures 130 formed by removing portions of the microstrip line from the sides of the microstrip line.

[0072] Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 2d, protrusions 1, 2, and 3 may be added to one side of a microstrip line having a line width W1, with the heights of protrusions 1 and 3 all being greater than the height of protrusion 2. In this case, protrusion 1 may be considered as a protruding structure 120, protrusion 3 may be considered as a protruding structure 122, and protrusion 2 may be considered as a recessed structure 130.

[0073] Therefore, the implementation of the microstrip radiating structure can be flexibly selected based on the actual microstrip line width and the performance requirements of the antenna.

[0074] The convex and concave structures of the present application can each support a different operating frequency band. It will be understood that the convex structure supports radiation of signals in a first frequency band, and the concave structure supports radiation of signals in a second frequency band. The first frequency band is entirely different from the second frequency band. In other words, the first frequency band does not coincide with the second frequency band. For example, the first frequency band is 76 GHz to 78 GHz, and the second frequency band is 79 GHz and 80 GHz. It will be understood that the first frequency band does not coincide with the second frequency band. Optionally, the first frequency band overlaps with the second frequency band. For example, the first frequency band is 76 GHz to 78 GHz, and the second frequency band is 78 GHz to 80 GHz. It will be understood that the first frequency band overlaps with the second frequency band at a frequency of 78 GHz. Alternatively, the first frequency band is 76 GHz to 78 GHz, and the second frequency band is 79 GHz and 80 GHz. 2 The frequency band is 77 GHz to 80 GHz. It can be seen that the first frequency band overlaps with the second frequency band in the frequency bands 77 GHz and 78 GHz.

[0075] In the following, the antenna provided in the present application will be described in detail with reference to Figures 3 to 9c.

[0076] 3 is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present application. The antenna 10 includes a metal floor 300, a dielectric substrate 200, and a microstrip radiating structure 100. The metal floor 300 and the microstrip radiating structure 100 are respectively disposed on either side of the dielectric substrate 200. One side (side A in the figure) of the microstrip radiating structure 100 includes a first radiating element 120 and a second radiating element (130 or 132). The first radiating element 120 is a radiating element formed with a convex structure and can support radiation of signals in a first frequency band. The second radiating element (130 or 132) is a radiating element formed with a concave structure and can support radiation of signals in a second frequency band.

[0077] The microstrip radiating structure 100 shown in FIG. 3 is a long strip structure. The lengthwise edges of the microstrip radiating structure 100 can be understood as the sides of the microstrip radiating structure 100, i.e., side A and side B in the x-direction shown in the figure. The widthwise edges of the microstrip radiating structure 100 can be understood as the ends of the microstrip radiating structure 100, i.e., end a and end b in the y-direction shown in the figure. Side A is opposite side B, and end a is opposite end b. Optionally, end a is configured to feed the antenna 10, and end b is an open circuit or a short circuit. Alternatively, end b is configured to feed the antenna 10, and end a is an open circuit or a short circuit.

[0078] 3, both the first radiating element 120 and the second radiating element (130 or 132) are located on side A of the microstrip radiating structure 100. Optionally, the first radiating element 120 and the second radiating element (130 or 132) may be located on side B of the microstrip radiating structure 100.

[0079] As shown in Figure 3, there are four first radiating elements 120 and five second radiating elements (130 and 132). Optionally, the microstrip radiating structure 100 may instead include another number of first radiating elements, for example, seven first radiating elements. The microstrip radiating structure 100 may instead include another number of second radiating elements, for example, eight second radiating elements. The number of first radiating elements and the number of second radiating elements are not limited in this embodiment of the present application.

[0080] To facilitate understanding of the antenna provided in the present application, the size of the antenna of the present application will be described below with reference to FIG. 4a. FIG. 4a is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the microstrip radiating structure of the antenna according to the present application. The microstrip radiating structure shown in FIG. 4a is in the x-y coordinate system shown in the figure. The structural parameters of the microstrip radiating structure 100 include structural parameters in a first direction (the x-direction shown in the figure, and the first direction will be referred to as the x-direction hereinafter) and structural parameters in a second direction (the y-direction shown in the figure, and the second direction will be referred to as the y-direction hereinafter). The structural parameters in the x-direction include the length l1 of the first radiating element (120, 122, 124, or 126) and the length l2 of the second radiating element (130, 131, 133, 135, or 137). The structural parameters in the y-direction include the width W2 of the microstrip radiating structure 100, the width h1 in the y-direction of the first radiating element (120, 122, 124, or 126), and the width h2 in the y-direction of the second radiating element (130, 131, 133, 135, or 137).

[0081] First, the structural parameters of the microstrip radiating structure 100 in the x direction will be described.

[0082] The length l1 of the first radiating element (120, 122, 124, or 126) in the x-direction: The length l1 of the first radiating element (120, 122, 124, or 126) in the x-direction is the distance between the two most distant points of the first radiating element (120, 122, 124, or 126) in the x-direction. See l1 shown in Figure 4a.

[0083] The length l2 of the second radiating element (130, 131, 133, 135, or 137) in the x-direction: The length l2 in the x-direction of the second radiating element (130, 131, 133, 135, or 137) is the distance between the two most distant points in the x-direction of the second radiating element (130, 131, 133, 135, or 137). See l2 shown in Figure 4a.

[0084] Next, the structural parameters of the microstrip radiating structure 100 in the y direction will be described.

[0085] Width W2 of the microstrip radiating structure 100: The width W2 of the microstrip radiating structure 100 is the length in the y-direction. See Figure 2a or Figure 2c. The width W2 of the microstrip radiating structure 100 is the sum of the width W1 of the microstrip line and the width h1 of the first radiating element. Alternatively, as shown in Figure 2b, the width W2 of the microstrip radiating structure 100 is equal to the width W1 of the microstrip line.

[0086] Optionally, when both sides of the microstrip radiating structure each include a first radiating element, the width W2 of the microstrip radiating structure may be the sum of the width W1 of the microstrip line, the width h11 of the first radiating element on one side of the microstrip radiating structure, and the width h12 of the first radiating element on the other side of the microstrip radiating structure. Alternatively, the width W2 of the microstrip radiating structure may be the sum of the width W1 of the microstrip line and the width h11 of the first radiating element on one side of the microstrip radiating structure. Alternatively, the width W2 of the microstrip radiating structure may be the sum of the width W1 of the microstrip line and the width h12 of the first radiating element on the other side of the microstrip radiating structure. Alternatively, the width W2 of the microstrip radiating structure is equal to the width W1 of the microstrip line.

[0087] Width h1 of the first radiating element in the y direction: 4a, reference line RL1 is a reference line parallel to the microstrip radiating structure 100 in the x-direction (i.e., parallel to the x-axis), and reference line RL1 is close to side A of the microstrip radiating structure 100. Reference line RL2 is a reference line parallel to the microstrip radiating structure 100 in the x-direction (i.e., parallel to the x-axis), and reference line RL2 is close to side B of the microstrip radiating structure 100.

[0088] The width h1 of the first radiating element in the y direction is the distance between the highest point of the convex portion of the first radiating element and the reference line (RL2 or RL1). When the first radiating element is located on side A of the microstrip radiating structure 100, the width h1 of the first radiating element in the y direction is the distance between the highest point of the convex portion and the reference line RL1. Alternatively, when the first radiating element is located on side B of the microstrip radiating structure 100, the width h1 of the first radiating element in the y direction is the distance between the highest point of the convex portion and the reference line RL2. In other words, the width h1 of the first radiating element in the y direction is the distance between the highest point of the convex portion of the first radiating element and the reference line on the same side. The width h1 of the first radiating element in the y direction is shown in FIG. 4a.

[0089] Width h2 of the second radiating element in the y direction: The y-direction width h2 of the second radiating element is the distance between the deepest point of the recess of the second radiating element and the reference line (RL2 or RL1). When the second radiating element is located on side A of the microstrip radiating structure 100, the y-direction width h2 of the second radiating element is the distance between the deepest point of the recess and the reference line RL1. Alternatively, when the second radiating element is located on side B of the microstrip radiating structure 100, the y-direction width h2 of the second radiating element is the distance between the deepest point of the recess and the reference line RL2. In other words, the y-direction width h2 of the second radiating element is the distance between the deepest point of the recess of the second radiating element and the reference line on the same side. The y-direction width h2 of the second radiating element is shown in Figure 4a.

[0090] The reference line RL1 or the reference line RL2 can be determined in any one of the following ways.

[0091] Method 1: The reference line RL1 or the reference line RL2 is a straight line (L1) that passes through the highest point of the convex portion of the first radiating element and is parallel to the x-axis. When the microstrip radiating structure 100 includes multiple first radiating elements and the h1 of the first radiating element 126 is maximum, the reference line RL1 is a straight line that passes through the highest point of the convex portion of the first radiating element 126 and is parallel to the x-axis.

[0092] Method 2: The reference line RL1 or the reference line RL2 is a straight line (L2) that passes through the deepest point of the recess of the second radiating element 137 and is parallel to the x-axis. When the microstrip radiating structure 100 includes multiple second radiating elements and the h2 of the second radiating element 137 is maximum, the reference line RL1 or the reference line RL2 is a straight line that passes through the deepest point of the recess of the second radiating element 137 where the h2 is maximum and is parallel to the x-axis.

[0093] Method 3: Referring to methods 1 and 2, the reference line RL1 or the reference line RL2 is a straight line that passes through any point between the line L1 and the line L2 and is parallel to the x-axis.

[0094] It can be seen that the specific values ​​of the y-direction width h1 of the first radiating element and the y-direction width h2 of the second radiating element are directly related to the reference line RL1 or the reference line RL2. When the reference lines are set as shown in Figure 4a, the value of h11 of the first radiating element 120 is 0, and the value of h12 of the first radiating element 126 is not 0.

[0095] The structural parameters in the y-direction of the microstrip radiating structure 100 provided in this application include the width W2 of the microstrip radiating structure 100, the width h1 of the first radiating element in the y-direction, and the width h2 of the second radiating element in the y-direction. The values ​​of the structural parameters W2, h1, and h2 are relative to a reference line.

[0096] According to the microstrip radiating structure 100 provided in this application, it can be seen that convex and concave structures are formed along a wide microstrip line whose width is equal to or greater than 0.25 times the central operating wavelength of the antenna. In addition, the following structural parameters can be separately designed: the length l1 of the first radiating element, the length l2 of the second radiating element, the width W2 of the microstrip radiating structure 100, the y-direction width h1 of the first radiating element, and the y-direction width h2 of the second radiating element. The equivalent values ​​of l1 and h1 can be determined based on the actual shape of the first radiating element. For example, if the shape of the first radiating element is semicircular, l1 can correspond to the diameter of the semicircle, and h1 corresponds to the radius of the semicircle. The equivalent values ​​of l2 and h2 can be determined based on the actual shape of the second radiating element. In this way, the resonant frequencies of the convex and concave structures can be adjusted, allowing various wideband antennas to be implemented based on actual requirements. For example, if the second radiating element is semicircular, l2 may correspond to the diameter of the semicircle and h2 corresponds to the radius of the semicircle.

[0097] The following describes the relationship and difference between the first radiating element and the convex structure, and the relationship and difference between the second radiating element and the concave structure. The first radiating element formed by the convex structure can resonate in a first frequency band, and the second radiating element formed by the concave structure can resonate in a second frequency band. The convex structure can correspond to the first radiating element. In other words, the convex structure and the first radiating element are the same. Optionally, as shown in FIG. 4b, a portion of the convex structure can correspond to the first radiating element. For example, the convex side Lr of the convex structure corresponds to the first radiating element. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 4b, the convex structure can be a rectangle with a length l1 and a width h1, and the first radiating element can be a rectangle with a length l1 and a width h1' within the rectangle, where h1' is less than h1. Similarly, a portion of the concave structure corresponds to the second radiating element. Optionally, as shown in Figure 4b, the concave side Lf of the concave structure can correspond to the second radiating element. Furthermore, as shown in Figure 4b, the concave structure can be a rectangle with length l2 and width h2, and the second radiating element can be a rectangle within the rectangle with length l2 and width h2', where h2' is less than h2. Alternatively, the entire concave structure can correspond to the second radiating element.

[0098] It will be understood that the microstrip radiating structure 100 provided in this embodiment of the present application may be a metal layer of a PCB, and the microstrip radiating structure 100 may be generally understood as a planar structure.

[0099] For ease of explanation below, the convex structure and the first radiating element are the same, and the concave structure and the second radiating element are the same. For example, in the following explanation, the shape of the first radiating element may also be expressed as the shape of the convex structure, and the shape of the second radiating element may also be expressed as the shape of the concave structure. The shape of the first radiating element and the second radiating element in this application may also be expressed as the shape of the concave structure. 2 The shape of the radiating element can also be flexibly designed as needed.

[0100] The shape of the first radiating element or the shape of the concave structure may be rectangular as shown in the previous figures, or the shape of the first radiating element or the shape of the second radiating element may be semicircular as shown in FIG. 5a. In this case, a "wavy line" is formed on side B of the radiating structure shown in FIG. 5a. The shape of the first radiating element or the shape of the second radiating element may instead be triangular as shown in FIG. 5b. In this case, a "zigzag line" is formed on side A of the radiating structure shown in FIG. 5b. Alternatively, the shape of the first radiating element or the shape of the second radiating element may be trapezoidal as shown in FIG. 5c. FIGS. 5a to 5c are merely intended to illustrate one design of the shape of a single first radiating element or one design of the shape of a single second radiating element. Regarding whether the shapes of the multiple first radiating elements are the same, the number of first radiating elements, and the design of the spacing between separate first radiating elements, please refer to other corresponding embodiments of the present application. Similarly, for the design of whether the shapes of the multiple second radiating elements are the same, the number of second radiating elements, and the spacing between separate second radiating elements, please refer to other corresponding embodiments of the present application.

[0101] 5a to 5c show only three implementations of the first radiating element (or the shape of the second radiating element). Optionally, the shape of the first radiating element may be any one of a sector, a semicircle, a circle, an ellipse, a triangle, a quadrilateral, or another polygon (with more than four sides), or a shape formed by a combination of two or more of these shapes. Optionally, a quadrilateral includes any one of a trapezoid, a parallelogram, or a non-parallelogram. Optionally, a parallelogram includes any one of a rectangle, a square, or a rhombus. Optionally, the shape of the second radiating element may be any one of a sector, a semicircle, a circle, an ellipse, a triangle, a quadrilateral, or a polygon (with more than four sides), or a shape formed by a combination of two or more of these shapes. Optionally, a quadrilateral includes any one of a trapezoid, a parallelogram, or a non-parallelogram. The parallelogram includes any one of a rectangle, a square, or a rhombus.

[0102] In addition, to achieve a better feeding effect of the antenna provided herein, the feeding end of the microstrip radiating structure may further include an impedance matching structure. The impedance matching structure provided herein can also be flexibly designed as needed. The feeding end of the microstrip radiating structure may be either of the two ends of the microstrip radiating structure. When end a of the microstrip radiating structure is set as the feeding end, end b of the microstrip radiating structure becomes the rear end. Alternatively, when end b of the microstrip radiating structure is set as the feeding end, end a of the microstrip radiating structure becomes the rear end. Optionally, as shown in FIG. 6 , the microstrip radiating structure 100 further includes an impedance matching structure 101, which is located at the first end of the microstrip radiating structure 100, i.e., end b shown in FIG. 6 . The impedance matching structure 101 is used to match the impedance of the antenna. The impedance matching structure 101 shown in FIG. 6 is a single-stage matching structure. Optionally, the microstrip radiating structure 100 includes a feed port 102. Optionally, the microstrip radiating structure 100 may alternatively include a multi-stage impedance matching structure. The impedance matching structure included in the microstrip radiating structure may be a two-stage impedance matching structure, a three-stage impedance matching structure, or another multi-stage impedance matching structure. The number of stages in the impedance matching structure is not limited by this application.

[0103] The rear end of the microstrip radiating structure provided in the present application may be an open circuit as shown in the previous figures. Referring to the antenna shown in Figure 3, when end a of the microstrip radiating structure 100 is used for feeding, the rear end (i.e., end b) of the microstrip radiating structure 100 is an open circuit, i.e., end b as shown in Figure 3. Alternatively, the rear end of the microstrip radiating structure provided in the present application may be a short circuit. Figure 7 shows an antenna according to one embodiment of the present application. 17 is a schematic diagram of the top structure of the microstrip radiating structure 100. In this antenna, end a shown in FIG. 7 is electrically connected to the metal floor 300 of the antenna 10 using a plated-through hole 103. Optionally, end a of the microstrip radiating structure 100 may be electrically connected to the metal floor 300 of the antenna 10 using a plurality of plated-through holes 103, as shown in FIG. 7. The impedance matching structure 101 and the feed port 102 shown in FIG. 7 are the same as those in the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 and will not be described in detail again here.

[0104] In this way, the trailing end of the microstrip radiating structure is grounded, improving the stability of the antenna.

[0105] The feeding scheme of the antenna provided in this application can also be flexibly designed. In addition to feeding at one end of the microstrip radiating structure 100, also called end feeding, i.e., end a or end b shown in the previous figures, feeding can also be performed at one side of the microstrip radiating structure 100, or back feeding when the feed line passes through the metal floor and the dielectric substrate. As shown in FIG. 8, the feed port 102 is led out from side A of the microstrip radiating structure 100, thus allowing side feeding at side A of the microstrip radiating structure 100. Optionally, in the antenna shown in FIG. 8, the microstrip radiating structure 100 can further include an impedance matching structure 101.

[0106] Optionally, the feed line may pass through the metal floor and the dielectric substrate, in which case the core of the feed line is electrically connected to the feed point of the microstrip radiating structure and the outer conductor of the feed line is electrically connected to the metal floor of the antenna to implement back-feeding of the antenna.

[0107] It can be seen that the first radiating element and the second radiating element of the antenna provided in this application can resonate separately at different frequencies, so that the feeding point can be flexibly selected based on the resonance characteristics of the two radiating elements, and the feeding method of the antenna can be flexibly designed.

[0108] In short, as long as a convex structure and a concave structure are formed on a wide microstrip line (the width of the microstrip line is 0.25 times or more of the central operating wavelength), and the convex structure and the concave structure resonate at different frequencies to form radiation in different frequency bands, any antenna that can form wideband radiation falls within the scope of protection of the present application. In other words, a microstrip radiating structure having at least one first radiating element and at least one second radiating element falls within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0109] In the following, an example will be described in which a microstrip radiating structure includes a plurality of first radiating elements and a plurality of second radiating elements. The shape of each first radiating element and / or the shape of each second radiating element can be flexibly designed, the spacing between the first radiating elements can be flexibly designed, and the spacing between the second radiating elements can be flexibly designed. Various implementations of the microstrip radiating structure will be described below. The number of first radiating elements and the number of second radiating elements are not limited in this application.

[0110] When a microstrip radiating structure includes a plurality of first radiating elements and a plurality of second radiating elements, the spacing between the first radiating elements can be flexibly designed, or the spacing between the second radiating elements can be flexibly designed, or the spacing between the first radiating elements and the second radiating elements can be flexibly designed. As shown in FIG. 9a, the microstrip radiating structure 100 includes five first radiating elements and five second radiating elements. The five first radiating elements include first radiating element 120, first radiating element 122, first radiating element 124, first radiating element 126, and first radiating element 128. The five second radiating elements include second radiating element 130, second radiating element 132, second radiating element 134, second radiating element 136, and second radiating element 138. 9a that the distance d1 between the center of the first radiating element 120 and the center of the first radiating element 122 is not equal to the distance d2 between the center of the first radiating element 122 and the center of the first radiating element 124, and that the distance d3 between the center of the first radiating element 124 and the center of the first radiating element 126 is equal to the distance d4 between the center of the first radiating element 126 and the center of the first radiating element 128. It can also be seen from FIG. 9a that the distance d1' (not shown) between the center of the second radiating element 130 and the center of the second radiating element 132 is not equal to the distance d2' (not shown) between the center of the second radiating element 134 and the center of the second radiating element 136, and that the distance d2' between the center of the second radiating element 134 and the center of the second radiating element 136 is equal to the distance d3' (not shown) between the center of the second radiating element 136 and the center of the second radiating element 138. 9a is explained by taking the spacing of the first radiating elements or the spacing of the second radiating elements as an example. Optionally, the spacing between the first radiating elements and the second radiating elements can be flexibly designed.

[0111] The microstrip radiating structure 100 shown in Fig. 9a can be used in the antenna provided in the present application. For the structural parameters of the microstrip radiating structure 100, the feeding scheme of the antenna, and other implementations of the microstrip radiating structure 100, please refer to the embodiments shown in Fig. 2 to Fig. 8, for example, in which the microstrip radiating structure 100 may include an impedance matching structure. Details will not be described again here.

[0112] For example, as shown in Figure 9a, when a microstrip radiating structure includes multiple first radiating elements, multiple first radiating elements can be flexibly positioned on the same side of the microstrip radiating structure. Alternatively, multiple first radiating elements can be flexibly positioned on different sides of the microstrip radiating structure. As shown in Figure 9b, four first radiating elements 120 are positioned on side A of the microstrip radiating structure 100, and four first radiating elements 120 are positioned on side B of the microstrip radiating structure 100. 39b, the first radiating elements 122 are arranged on one side of the microstrip radiating structure 100. Optionally, the position of the first radiating element along the second side corresponds to the position of the second radiating element along the first side. Optionally, the connecting line between the center point of the first radiating element along the second side in the x-direction and the center point of the second radiating element along the first side in the x-direction is parallel to the y-axis. In other words, the first radiating element along the second side corresponds to the second radiating element along the first side. For example, the first radiating element 122 along side B corresponds to the second radiating element 130 along side A. The shapes of the convex structures along one side (side A or side B) of the microstrip radiating structure 100 shown in FIG. 9b are the same. Optionally, the shapes of the convex structures along one side (side A or side B) of the microstrip radiating structure 100 may be partially the same or completely different. The shape of the convex structure along side A of the microstrip radiating structure 100 shown in FIG. 9b is different from that along side B. Optionally, the shapes of the convex structures on both sides of the microstrip radiating structure may be the same or partially the same. For details, see FIG. 9c. For implementation of the spacing between the first radiating elements, see FIG. 9b. Details will not be described again here. Similarly, the microstrip radiating structure 100 shown in FIG. 9b can be used in the antenna provided in the present application. For structural parameters of the microstrip radiating structure 100, feeding schemes of the antenna, and other implementations of the microstrip radiating structure 100, see the embodiments shown in FIGS. 2 to 8, for example, in which the microstrip radiating structure 100 may include an impedance matching structure. Details will not be described again here.

[0113] Similarly, for example, as shown in FIG. 9a, when the microstrip radiating structure includes multiple second radiating elements, the multiple second radiating elements can be flexibly arranged on the same side of the microstrip radiating structure. Alternatively, the multiple second radiating elements can be flexibly arranged on different sides of the microstrip radiating structure. As shown in FIG. 9b, multiple second radiating elements (130, 132, and 134) are arranged on side A of the microstrip radiating structure 100, and multiple second radiating elements (131, 133, and 135) are arranged on side B of the microstrip radiating structure 100. Optionally, the second radiating elements along the second side correspond to the first radiating elements along the first side. Optionally, the connecting line between the center point of the second radiating element along the second side in the x-direction and the center point of the first radiating element along the first side in the x-direction is parallel to the y-axis. In other words, the second radiating element along the second side corresponds to the first radiating element along the first side. For example, the second radiating element 133 along side B corresponds to the first radiating element 120 along side A. The shapes of the concave structures along one side (side A or side B) of the microstrip radiating structure 100 shown in FIG. 9b are the same. Optionally, the shapes of the concave structures along one side (side A or side B) of the microstrip radiating structure 100 may be partially the same or completely different. The shape of the concave structure along side A of the microstrip radiating structure 100 shown in FIG. 9b is different from that along side B. Optionally, the shapes of the concave structures on both sides of the microstrip radiating structure may be the same or partially the same. For details, see FIG. 9c. For implementation of the spacing between the second radiating elements, see FIG. 9a. Details will not be described again here. Similarly, the microstrip radiating structure 100 shown in Figure 9b can be used in the antenna provided in the present application. For structural parameters of the microstrip radiating structure 100, feeding schemes of the antenna, and other implementations of the microstrip radiating structure 100, please refer to the embodiments shown in Figures 2 to 8, for example, in which the microstrip radiating structure 100 may include an impedance matching structure.The details will not be explained again here.

[0114] When a microstrip radiating structure includes multiple first radiating elements and / or multiple second radiating elements, the shape design combinations of the multiple first radiating elements and / or multiple second radiating elements will be described in this embodiment of the present application with reference to the embodiments of the shapes of the first radiating elements and / or the shapes of the second radiating elements provided in FIGS. 5a to 5c. The shape of the first radiating element is used as an example for explanation. As shown in FIGS. 5a and 5b, the multiple first radiating elements may be uniformly designed to have the same shape. Alternatively, the shapes of the first radiating elements of the multiple first radiating elements may be designed separately. The shapes of the first radiating elements of the multiple first radiating elements are partially the same. As shown in FIG. 9b, the shape of the first radiating elements along side A of the microstrip radiating structure 100 is different from the shape of the first radiating elements along side B, and the shapes of the first radiating elements along side A (or side B) of the microstrip radiating structure 100 are the same. Alternatively, the shapes of some of the first radiating elements along side A of the microstrip radiating structure 100 are the same. Alternatively, the shapes of some of the first radiating elements along side B are the same. Alternatively, the shapes of some of the first radiating elements along side A of the microstrip radiating structure 100 are the same as the shapes of some of the first radiating elements along side B, and the shapes of other first radiating elements along side A of the microstrip radiating structure 100 are different from the shapes of other first radiating elements along side B. Similarly, the shape design of the second radiating element is the same as that of the first radiating element in the above description. Details will not be described again here.

[0115] Alternatively, the shape of the first radiating element along side A of the microstrip radiating structure 100 may be A Along the 29c is a schematic diagram of the structure of a microstrip radiating structure 100 according to an embodiment of the present application. The microstrip radiating structure 100 includes first radiating elements (120, 122, 124) and second radiating elements (131, 133, 135, 137, 139). The shapes of the first radiating elements (120, 122, 124) are all different, and the shape of the second radiating element 133 is the same as that of the second radiating element 135, but is different from the shapes of the other second radiating elements (131, 137, 139). In addition, the first radiating element 120 and the 1 Two second radiating elements (133, 135) may be included between adjacent first radiating elements 122. Optionally, there may be multiple second radiating elements between adjacent first radiating elements, or multiple first radiating elements between adjacent second radiating elements.

[0116] Similarly, the microstrip radiating structure 100 shown in Fig. 9c can be used in the antenna provided in the present application. For structural parameters of the microstrip radiating structure 100, feeding schemes of the antenna, and other implementations of the microstrip radiating structure 100, for example, the microstrip radiating structure 100 may include an impedance matching structure, please refer to the embodiments shown in Figs. 2 to 8. Details will not be described again here. Optionally, the embodiments shown in Figs. 9a to 9c may be implemented in any combination thereof. Optionally, the embodiments shown in Figs. 2 to 9c may be implemented in any combination thereof.

[0117] 9a to 9c show that the microstrip radiating structure of the present application can be flexibly designed. Specifically, the number of first radiating elements of the microstrip radiating structure can be flexibly designed, the spacing between two adjacent first radiating elements can be flexibly designed, and the shape of the separate first radiating elements can be flexibly designed. In addition, when the microstrip radiating structure includes multiple first radiating elements, the multiple first radiating elements can be designed on the same side of the microstrip radiating structure or on both sides of the microstrip radiating structure. Similarly, the number of second radiating elements of the microstrip radiating structure can be flexibly designed, the spacing between two adjacent second radiating elements can be flexibly designed, and the shape of the separate second radiating elements can be flexibly designed. In addition, when the microstrip radiating structure includes multiple second radiating elements, the multiple second radiating elements can be designed on the same side of the microstrip radiating structure or on both sides of the microstrip radiating structure.

[0118] The microstrip radiating structure provided in the present application can be flexibly designed based on actual requirements and has a high degree of design freedom, so it can be seen that the antenna having the microstrip radiating structure provided in the present application can meet various design requirements.

[0119] To better understand the wideband antenna provided in this application, the following description will be made with reference to the antenna 10 shown in Fig. 10a. Optionally, the antenna shown in Fig. 10a includes a microstrip radiating structure 100, a dielectric substrate 200, and a metal floor 300. This antenna is a PCB antenna. The microstrip radiating structure 100 has a feed port 10 2 and an impedance matching structure 10 1 , a first radiating element, and a second radiating element, specifically, three first radiating elements 120, one first radiating element 122, and three second radiating elements. element 130 and one second radiating structure 132. The antenna 10 can be fed using a feed port 102 at end a.

[0120] Referring to FIG. 10b, the structural parameter values ​​of the microstrip radiating structure 100 will be described. Reference line RL1 is a line passing through the deepest point of the recess of the second radiating element and parallel to the x-axis, and reference line RL2 is a line passing through the side edge of side B of the microstrip radiating structure 100. Optionally, the length l1 of the first radiating element is greater than or equal to 0.5 times the central operating wavelength of the antenna and less than or equal to 1.5 times the central operating wavelength of the antenna. In addition, the center-to-center distance d1 of two adjacent first radiating elements in the x-direction is less than or equal to 1.5 times the central operating wavelength of the antenna. The length l2 of the second radiating element is the center-to-center distance d1 of two adjacent first radiating elements minus the length l1 of the first radiating element 120. The width W2 of the microstrip radiating structure 100 shown in FIG. 10b is less than or equal to 0.5 times the central operating wavelength of the antenna and greater than or equal to 0.25 times the central operating wavelength of the antenna. The width h1 of the first radiating element in the y-direction is greater than or equal to 0.02 times the central operating wavelength of the antenna and less than or equal to 0.5 times the central operating wavelength of the antenna. Optionally, if there are first radiating elements on both sides of the microstrip radiating structure 100, the width W2 of the microstrip radiating structure 100 may be less than or equal to 0.75 times the central operating wavelength of the antenna. See reference line RL1 shown in Figure 10b. element The width h2 is equal to 0.

[0121] FIG. 10c shows the simulation results of the antenna 10. The electrical parameter S11 (vertical coordinate in FIG. 10c) of the antenna varies with frequency (horizontal coordinate in FIG. 10c). The electrical parameter S11 is the reflection coefficient of the feed port 102. It can be seen that the first radiating element 120 may resonate around 77 GHz (the first wave trough of the curve shown in FIG. 10c), and the second radiating element 130 or the second radiating element 132 may resonate around 79.4 GHz (the second wave trough of the curve shown in FIG. 10c). In this case, to realize a wideband antenna, the frequency where S11≦10 dB may be in the range of 75.08 GHz to 82.11 GHz, and the operating bandwidth of the antenna 10 reaches 7.03 GHz.

[0122] The antenna 10 provided in this embodiment of the present application shows that a convex structure and a concave structure are formed on the side of a wide microstrip line. According to this design, the convex structure can resonate at a first frequency, and the concave structure can resonate at a second frequency. When the antenna 10 is operated, a cavity-like electric field distribution can be realized, and a wideband antenna effect can be achieved.

[0123] The present application further provides an antenna array. The antenna array may include any one of the antennas of the aforementioned embodiments. Optionally, the antenna array may further include a power dividing and coupling structure. FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna array 20 according to one embodiment of the present application. The antenna array 20 includes an antenna 10, an antenna 11, and a power dividing and coupling structure 22. The power dividing and coupling structure 22 includes a first power dividing end p1, a second power dividing end p2, and a coupling end p3. The end b of the antenna 10 is electrically connected to the first power dividing end p1 of the power dividing and coupling structure 22, and the end b of the antenna 11 is electrically connected to the second power dividing end p2 of the power dividing and coupling structure 22. Therefore, the signal received at the antenna 10 and the signal received at the antenna 11 can be coupled to the coupling end p3. Alternatively, the signal transmitted by the coupling end p3 can be split between the antenna 10 and the antenna 11. Thus, the feeding network can feed the antenna array 20 in a one-drive-two manner.

[0124] The power dividing coupling structure 22 shown in Figure 11 is a one-to-two or two-in-one power dividing coupling structure. Optionally, the power dividing coupling structure 22 may instead be a one-to-multiple or multiple-in-one power dividing coupling structure, in which case the feeding network feeds the antenna array in a one-drive multiple or multiple-in-one manner.

[0125] 11, antenna 10 and antenna 11 may share the same dielectric substrate 200 and the same metal floor 300. Optionally, the dielectric substrate or metal floor of antenna 10 and antenna 11 may be designed separately. This is not a limitation of the present application. Optionally, antenna 10, antenna 11, and power dividing / coupling structure 22 may be designed separately and electrically connected, or may be directly formed integrally.

[0126] Optionally, the antenna array 20 further includes a radome and / or a feed network.

[0127] The present application further provides a detection device including the antenna provided in any one of the above-mentioned embodiments and / or including the antenna array provided in any one of the above-mentioned embodiments. For example, the detection device may be a radar. Using the antenna or antenna array provided in the radar can improve the range resolution of the radar. Optionally, the radar may be an automotive radar.

[0128] The present application further provides a terminal including the antenna of any one of the above-described embodiments, the antenna array provided in any one of the above-described embodiments, and / or the detection device provided in the above-described embodiments. Optionally, the terminal may be a vehicle. If the detection device is a radar, the radar of the present application may be installed in the vehicle to improve the range resolution of the detection device and thereby improve the detection capability of the vehicle. Optionally, the vehicle of the present application may be an autonomous vehicle or a vehicle integrated with ADAS. The vehicle in the present application may be replaced by another vehicle or transportation means, such as a train, an aircraft, a robot, a low-speed transport vehicle, or a moving platform.

[0129] The terminal in this application may alternatively be a user equipment, access terminal, subscriber unit, subscriber station, mobile station, remote station, remote terminal, mobile device, user terminal, terminal device, wireless communication device, user agent, or user device. The terminal may alternatively be a mobile phone, a cordless phone, a session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a handheld device with wireless communication capabilities, a computing device, another processing device connected to a wireless modem, another in-vehicle device, a wearable device, or a smart home device. This is not limited to this embodiment of the application. When the antenna or antenna array provided in this application is used in another terminal device such as a mobile phone, the bandwidth of the operating frequency band of the mobile phone can be provided.

[0130] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present application. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, such as the reduction or addition of mechanical parts and changes in the shape of mechanical parts, shall fall within the scope of protection of the present application. If no contradiction occurs, the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present application shall be subject to the scope of protection of the claims. [Explanation of symbols]

[0131] 1 Convex part 2 Convex part 3 Convex part 10 Antennas 11 Antenna 20 Antenna Array 22 Power split coupling structure 30 Antenna 100 Vehicle, Microstrip Radiating Structure 101 Impedance Matching Structure 102 Power supply port 103 Through hole 110 Propulsion System 114 Engine 120 Sensor system, first radiating element, convex structure 121 Brake 122 Millimeter wave radar, first radiating element, convex structure 123 Camera Sensor 124 Laser radar, first radiating element 125 Inertial Measurement Unit 126 Global Positioning System, first radiating element 128 First Radiating Element 130 Control system, second radiating element, concave structure 131 Second radiating element, concave structure 132 Computer Vision System, Second Radiating Element 133 Sensor Fusion Algorithm, Second Radiating Element 134 Brake unit, routing control system, second radiating element 135 Throttle, second radiating element 136 Steering unit, second radiating element 137 Obstacle Avoidance System, Second Radiating Element 138 Second Radiating Element 140 Peripherals 141 Speaker 142 microphone 143 Touchscreen 144 Wireless Communication Systems 150 Power supply 160 Computer Systems 161 processors 163 memory 170 User Interface 1631 command 200 Dielectric Substrate 300 metal floor

Claims

1. An antenna, the antenna includes a metal floor, a dielectric substrate, and a microstrip radiating structure, the metal floor and the microstrip radiating structure being disposed on opposite sides of the dielectric substrate, respectively; the microstrip radiating structure includes a first radiating element and a second radiating element; the first radiating element is a radiating element formed by a convex structure along the microstrip radiating structure, and the second radiating element is a radiating element formed by a concave structure along the microstrip radiating structure, the first radiating element supporting a first frequency band, and the second radiating element supporting a second frequency band; the microstrip radiating structure includes a plurality of first radiating elements; and / or the microstrip radiating structure includes a plurality of second radiating elements; any two of the plurality of first radiating elements have different shapes; and / or any two of the plurality of second radiating elements have different shapes; antenna.

2. Between at least two adjacent first radiating elements of one group there is a second radiating element; 10. The antenna of claim 1.

3. the plurality of first radiating elements include at least two groups of adjacent first radiating elements, and a distance between centers of adjacent first radiating elements in one of the two groups is equal to or unequal to a distance between centers of adjacent first radiating elements in the other group; The antenna of claim 1 .

4. the plurality of second radiating elements include at least two groups of adjacent second radiating elements, and a distance between centers of adjacent second radiating elements in one of the two groups is equal to or unequal to a distance between centers of adjacent second radiating elements in the other group; 10. The antenna of claim 1.

5. the plurality of first radiating elements are disposed on the same side of the microstrip radiating structure; or a first portion of radiating elements of the plurality of first radiating elements are disposed on a first side of the microstrip radiating structure, and a second portion of radiating elements of the plurality of first radiating elements are disposed on a second side of the microstrip radiating structure, the first side and the second side being two opposite sides of the microstrip radiating structure; The antenna of claim 1 .

6. a first portion of the radiating elements of the plurality of first radiating elements disposed on a first side of the microstrip radiating structure, and a second portion of the radiating elements of the plurality of first radiating elements disposed on a second side of the microstrip radiating structure; a position of the first radiating element along the second side corresponding to a position of the second radiating element along the first side; 6. The antenna of claim 5, comprising:

7. the plurality of second radiating elements may all be located on the same side of the microstrip radiating structure; or a first portion of radiating elements of the plurality of second radiating elements are disposed on a first side of the microstrip radiating structure, and a second portion of radiating elements of the plurality of second radiating elements are disposed on a second side of the microstrip radiating structure, the first side and the second side being two opposite sides of the microstrip radiating structure; The antenna of claim 1 .

8. a first portion of the radiating elements of the plurality of second radiating elements disposed on a first side of the microstrip radiating structure, and a second portion of the radiating elements of the plurality of second radiating elements disposed on a second side of the microstrip radiating structure; a position of the second radiating element along the second side corresponding to a position of the first radiating element along the first side; 8. The antenna of claim 7, comprising:

9. The shape of the first radiating element is The shape is any one of a sector, a semicircle, a circle, an ellipse, a triangle, a quadrilateral, and a polygon, or a shape formed by a combination of a plurality of these shapes. The antenna of claim 1 .

10. The shape of the second radiating element is The shape is any one of a sector, a semicircle, a circle, an ellipse, a triangle, a quadrilateral, and a polygon, or a shape formed by a combination of a plurality of these shapes. The antenna of claim 1 .

11. the microstrip radiating structure further includes an impedance matching structure, the impedance matching structure being disposed at a first end of the microstrip radiating structure, the impedance matching structure being used to match the impedance of the antenna; The antenna of claim 1 .

12. The antenna of claim 11 , wherein the impedance matching structure is a multi-stage impedance matching structure.

13. the second end of the microstrip radiating structure is an open circuit; or the second end of the microstrip radiating structure is a short circuit. The antenna of claim 1 .

14. The antenna may be end-fed, side-fed, or back-fed. The antenna of claim 1 .

15. a length of the first radiating element in a first direction is equal to or greater than 0.5 times a central operating wavelength of the antenna, and the first direction is perpendicular to a direction of the convex structure and the concave structure; The antenna of claim 1 .

16. a center-to-center distance in a first direction between the two adjacent first radiating elements is equal to or greater than 0.65 times the central operating wavelength of the antenna, and the first direction is perpendicular to the direction of the convex structure and the concave structure; The antenna of claim 1 .

17. a length of the first radiating element in a second direction is equal to or greater than 0.02 times the central operating wavelength of the antenna, and the second direction is a direction of the convex structure and the concave structure; 16. The antenna of claim 15.

18. a length of the microstrip radiating structure in the second direction that is less than or equal to 0.7 times the central operating wavelength of the antenna; 18. The antenna of claim 17.

19. 19. An antenna array, said antenna array comprising an antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 18.

20. the antenna array includes a plurality of antennas and a power dividing and combining structure, the plurality of antennas including a first antenna and a second antenna; the power splitting coupling structure includes a first power splitting end and a second power splitting end; a first end of the first antenna electrically connected to the first power split end of the power split coupling structure, and a first end of the second antenna electrically connected to the second power split end of the power split coupling structure; 20. The antenna array of claim 19.

21. 20. The antenna array of claim 19, wherein the antenna array comprises a radome.

22. A detection device, comprising: The detection device comprises an antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 18; and / or The detection device comprises an antenna array according to claim 19. Detection device.

23. A terminal, said terminal comprising a detection device according to claim 22.

24. 24. The terminal of claim 23, wherein the terminal is a vehicle.

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