Cutting tool having asymmetric teeth with cutting particles

Abstract

The cutting tool (1) has teeth (3) with tips (4) that are coated with cutting particles (5) to form geometrically variable cutting edges. The tips (4) are asymmetrically configured. Thus, the cutting tool (1) is a 2-in-1 cutting tool, with differently configured flanks of the tips (4) suitable for efficiently cutting different materials.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a cutting tool having teeth with tooth tips coated with cutting particles to form cutting edges. The geometric shape is not specified

Background Art

[0002] The geometric shape is not specified This type of cutting tool with cutting edges is not used for cutting or sawing metals like a saw blade with cutting edges, but is often used for sawing other materials such as glass, graphite, anthracite, ceramics, silicon, concrete materials, CFRP, fired materials, and natural stones. The geometric shape is specified

[0003] The geometric shape is not specified Cutting tools having teeth with tooth tips coated with cutting particles to form cutting edges are known from Patent Document 1. The tooth tip has a longitudinal central axis, a plate surface, a first connecting surface, and a second connecting surface. The first connecting surface and the second connecting surface directly follow the plate surface. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 8, the tooth tip is configured asymmetrically.

[0004] Cutting tools incorporating lubricants are known from Patent Document 2.

[0005] A method for manufacturing a grinding tool is known from Patent Document 3.

[0006] Cutting tools for cutting two different materials are known from Patent Document 4.

[0007] The geometric shape is not specifiedA cutting tool having teeth with cutting edges coated with cutting particles to form a plurality of blades is known from the applicant's catalog "PRAEZISIONS-SAEGEBAENDER", 2017 edition, page 41, as a saw belt of the applicant's brand "DIAGRIT". Each cutting edge has a longitudinal central axis, a plate surface, a first connecting surface, and a second connecting surface. The first connecting surface and the second connecting surface directly follow the plate surface. The two connecting surfaces extend on each side of the longitudinal central axis under the same cutting edge angle in terms of size with respect to the plate surface. Here, the cutting edge angle is approximately 0°. That is, the connecting surfaces extend substantially parallel to the longitudinal central axis of the cutting edge.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0008]

Patent Document 1

Patent Document 2

Patent Document 3

Patent Document 4

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0009] The problem underlying the present invention is to provide a cutting tool capable of efficiently cutting workpieces made of different materials.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0010] The problems of the present invention are solved according to the present invention by the features of the independent claims.

[0011] Further preferred configurations of the present invention are described in the dependent claims.

[0012] The present invention relates to The geometric shape is not specified a cutting tool having teeth with cutting edges coated with cutting particles for forming cutting edges. The cutting edges are configured asymmetrically.

[0013] The present invention further relates to a method of cutting two workpieces made of different materials The geometric shape is not specified by exactly one cutting tool having teeth with cutting edges coated with cutting particles for forming a plurality of cutting edges and having cutting edges configured asymmetrically. The cutting tool is used with a motor in a first orientation relative to a cutting machine. In this case, a first workpiece made of a first material is cut by the cutting tool in the first orientation by driving the cutting tool in a first direction of movement.

[0014] Thereafter, according to a first option a, the motor is switched to drive the cutting tool in the opposite second direction of movement, and a second workpiece made of another material is cut by the cutting tool in the first orientation.

[0015] According to a second option b, instead, the cutting tool is removed from the cutting machine and the cutting tool is mounted on the cutting machine in the opposite second orientation. Thereafter, a second workpiece made of another second material is cut by the cutting tool in the second orientation by driving the cutting tool in the first direction of movement.

[0016] Definition The feature of the asymmetric configuration of the cutting edge should be understood as meaning that the cutting edge is configured asymmetrically with respect to its basic geometry without considering the cutting particles. The cutting edge is formed asymmetrically on the main extension plane of the cutting tool. Here, the main extension plane of the cutting tool corresponds to, for example, the plane of the figures 2 and 5. The direction of movement of the cutting tool and the height of the teeth are on the main extension plane. The longitudinal central axis of the cutting edge is also arranged on the main extension plane, and the longitudinal central axis extends perpendicular to the direction of movement of the cutting tool in the belt-shaped body. Thus, the asymmetric cutting edge is configured differently on the first side of the longitudinal central axis than on the second side opposite the longitudinal central axis.

[0017] In other words, the tip of the tooth is configured asymmetrically such that, when viewed from the first side in the direction of movement of the cutting tool, the magnitude of the angle of the first face of the tip that first contacts the workpiece in the first direction of movement of the cutting tool during cutting is not equal to the magnitude of the angle of the second face of the tip that first contacts the workpiece in the opposite second direction of movement of the cutting tool during cutting. The tip of the tooth has a longitudinal central axis, a plate surface, a first connecting surface, and a second connecting surface. The first connecting surface and the second connecting surface continue directly or indirectly from the plate surface. The first connecting surface extends on the first side of the longitudinal central axis under a first tip angle of a first magnitude with respect to the plate surface. The second connecting surface extends on the second side of the longitudinal central axis under a second tip angle of a different second magnitude with respect to the plate surface. The magnitudes of the tip angles are different, whereby the tip of the tooth is configured asymmetrically.

[0018] The connecting surface that precedes when viewed in the direction of movement of the cutting tool corresponds to the chip surface of the cutting edge of the saw blade with respect to its arrangement. The connecting surface that follows when viewed in the direction of movement of the cutting tool corresponds to the free surface of the cutting edge of the saw blade with respect to its arrangement. When the direction of movement or the orientation of the cutting tool is reversed, the functions of the connecting surfaces also reverse accordingly.

[0019] The tip angle of the connecting surface that precedes when viewed in the direction of movement of the cutting tool corresponds to the chip angle of the cutting edge of the saw blade with respect to its arrangement. The tip angle that follows when viewed in the direction of movement of the cutting tool corresponds to the free angle of the cutting edge of the saw blade with respect to its arrangement. When the direction of movement or the orientation of the cutting tool is reversed, the functions of the tip angles also reverse accordingly.

[0020] When the tip angle is negative, the connecting surface of the tip that precedes when viewed in the direction of movement of the cutting tool is inclined rearward. When the tip angle is positive, the connecting surface of the tip that follows when viewed in the direction of movement of the cutting tool is inclined forward. A positive tip angle is more aggressive with respect to its cutting behavior than a negative tip angle. For the sake of clarity, referring to FIG. 8, in this figure the first connecting surface 8 extends under a negative tip angle.

[0021] The manufacturing method carried out by the cutting tool is called cutting according to DIN8589-0. According to this standard, in cutting, The geometric shape is specified cutting with a blade and The geometric shape is not specified cutting with a blade are distinguished. The geometric shape is specified Cutting with a blade includes sawing according to DIN8589-6. This cutting tool, The geometric shape is not specified since it works with a blade, is not a saw tool according to the aforementioned standard. For this reason, in this application, the general term cutting tool is used. In practice, cutting tools in this technical field with cutting particles are also referred to as saw belts or saw blades.

[0022] In this application, cutting particles are understood to be particles that act on the cutting of the workpiece. These particles are made of a cutting material or contain a cutting material. The cutting material is a material suitable for cutting or machining the workpiece. Therefore, cutting particles are at the same time cutting material particles.

[0023] In this application, buffer particles are understood to be particles that create a space between the cutting particles by their presence and their arrangement, thereby forming a buffer between the cutting particles. Buffer particles do not act on the cutting of the workpiece, at least finally, and therefore are not cutting particles. Buffer particles are made of various different materials. However, here it is also possible for buffer particles to be made of or contain the cutting material. In this case, the buffer particles are cutting material particles but not cutting particles.

[0024] Further Explanation The novel cutting tool is a 2-in-1 cutting tool, and the sides of the teeth or tooth tips are configured differently to efficiently cut different materials. Due to the asymmetry of the tooth tips, different problems or uses are assigned to their different sides. One side of the tooth tip is optimized for cutting the first group of materials, and the other side is optimized for cutting the second group of materials.

[0025] Depending on the driving direction during cutting by a rotationally driven cutting tool, it is determined which of the two side surfaces of the tooth tip contacts the workpiece to be cut and is used for chip formation or crushing of the workpiece. This is the leading side surface as viewed in the direction of movement of the cutting tool. The other trailing side surface in the direction of movement is initially inactive. However, this inactive side surface becomes active when the driving direction of the cutting tool, and thus the direction of movement, is reversed, or when the cutting tool is mounted on the cutting machine in the opposite second direction and can be used for cutting the other second material. That is, in this case, the second side surface of the tooth tip is active and the first side surface is inactive.

[0026] The material to be cut is particularly non-metallic inorganic materials and composite materials. These materials are particularly glass, graphite, anthracite, ceramics, silicon, concrete materials, CFRP, sintered materials, natural stone. However, it may also be metal.

[0027] Some of these materials have relatively different properties, so some materials are cut well by a positive tooth tip angle or a tooth tip angle of approximately 0°, and other materials are cut by a negative tooth tip angle.

[0028] In this way, for example, one connection surface can be assigned to one side surface of the brittle material and the other connection surface can be assigned to the other side surface of the ductile (tough) material.

[0029] Brittle materials are particularly ceramics, silicon, glass, cast iron, concrete, bricks, natural stone, brittle metals, and bakelite. Ductile materials are particularly ductile concrete, ductile cast iron, and ductile metals. Ductile materials, that is, highly tough materials, have good elastoplastic deformability before fracture.

[0030] In the case of brittle materials, preferably the cutting tool should be configured and used such that the material is cut by a cutting edge having a negative rake angle connection surface that precedes in the direction of movement. The gentle cutting behavior achieved thereby reduces or eliminates the risk of the workpiece being damaged during cutting.

[0031] In the case of ductile materials, preferably the cutting tool should be configured and used such that the material is cut by a cutting edge having a positive rake angle or a 0° rake angle connection surface that precedes in the direction of movement. The aggressive cutting behavior achieved thereby is well suited for quickly cutting such tough and hard materials.

[0032] The first rake angle is <0° and the second rake angle is ≧0°. The magnitudes of the rake angles are different, whereby the cutting edges are configured asymmetrically.

[0033] In particular, the first rake angle can be between <0° and -80°, and the second rake angle can be between 0° and 20°.

[0034] The first rake angle can be between -1° and -75°, in particular between -1° and -73°, in particular between -1° and -71°, in particular between -40° and -80°, in particular between -40° and -75°, in particular between -40° and -70°, in particular between -40° and -50°, in particular between -42° and -48°, in particular about -45°. The second rake angle can be between 0° and 15°, in particular between 0° and 12°, in particular between 0° and 10°, in particular between 3° and 13°, in particular between 5° and 15°, in particular between 8° and 12°, in particular about 10°.

[0035] The connection surface (or cutting surface) of the cutting edge can be configured as a flat or non-flat surface. When the rake angle is negative, each active connection surface is particularly configured to be flat. When the rake angle is positive, each non-active connection surface is particularly configured to be at least non-flat. Thus, for example, the connection surface can be configured to be flat in the region away from the tooth support, and in this case, it transitions to a circular or another curved shape region.

[0036] The cutting edge of the teeth of a novel cutting tool can be coated with at least two different types of particles, which have different properties and different functions are assigned to them.

[0037] The first type of particle is a cutting particle made of a cutting material, which is basically known from the prior art. The cutting particles act on the cutting of the workpiece. The novel second type of particle is a buffer particle, which is used to increase the average spacing between the cutting particles.

[0038] In the prior art, the coating of the cutting edge of the teeth of a cutting tool with cutting particles has the problem that so-called nests are formed by a large number of, i.e., a high packing density of, cutting particles per area. Therefore, in this area during cutting, The geometric shape is not specified a large number of cutting edges engage with the material to be cut, so that the cutting ability is reduced. As a result, the feed force becomes excessively large, and as a result, the cutting tool deflects laterally even more. Thereby, a linear cut as desired is not achieved. To counter this, it is possible to use a higher feed rate, of course. However, thereby, in another area where the packing density of the cutting particles is lower, these cutting particles are exposed to an excessively large cutting force, and therefore wear rapidly. This shortens the service life of the cutting tool.

[0039] Furthermore, in the prior art, at this high packing density of the cutting particles, there is not enough intermediate space for the material of the machined workpiece cut by the cutting, and therefore it is not discharged from the cutting channels to the necessary extent.

[0040] This drawback of the prior art is eliminated or significantly reduced by the novel buffer particles of the novel cutting tool. The formation of nests and the excessively high packing density of the cutting particles are prevented or significantly reduced by the buffer particles. Since the buffer particles form a kind of spacer between the cutting particles, the The geometric shape is not specified desired spacing is created between the cutting edges of the cutting particles.

[0041] Buffer particles are present between the cutting particles, but this should not be understood to mean that each buffer particle must be placed precisely between two adjacent cutting particles. The exact position of the particles often occurs in the sense of a probability distribution in the manufacturing process, and thus a plurality of buffer particles and / or a plurality of cutting particles may be arranged adjacent to each other. However, another arrangement where a buffer particle is present exactly between two cutting particles is also possible.

[0042] If the buffer particles are removed during a separate initialization process towards the end of the manufacturing process, or are removed for the first time at the start of cutting, the free space required to discharge the cut material from the cutting channel is created between the cutting particles.

[0043] The cutting particles and the buffer particles have different physical properties. They are made of different materials and / or have been subjected to different treatments, and thus have differences that enable different functions to be assigned to the particles, at least with respect to their physical properties.

[0044] The different physical properties between the cutting particles and the buffer particles are selected and utilized such that each particle provides its desired function. This means that in the case of buffer particles, the The geometric shape is not specified edge initially formed by the buffer particles later ceases to act or is removed.

[0045] The first approach is that the buffer particles have a lower hardness than the cutting particles. This lower hardness is utilized such that the buffer particles are exhausted or removed in a process that also affects the cutting particles, while the cutting particles remain intact. This process can be the use of a cutting tool for the cutting itself or a separate process provided for that purpose. For example, this can be a step in the manufacturing method of the cutting tool where the buffer particles are completely or partially removed.

[0046] The buffer particles can alternatively or additionally have a lower heat resistance than the cutting particles. This lower heat resistance is utilized in the sense that the cutting tool is heat-treated at a high temperature such that the buffer particles are completely or partially removed, while the cutting particles are maintained as they are.

[0047] The buffer particles can alternatively or additionally have a lower chemical resistance than the cutting particles. This lower chemical resistance is utilized in the sense that when a substance hits both types of particles, the cutting tool undergoes a chemical treatment such that the buffer particles are completely or partially removed, while the cutting particles are maintained as they are.

[0048] The cutting particles and the buffer particles can be partially embedded in a metal layer, in particular an electroplated deposit layer or a chemically deposited metal layer. Thus, the coating of the cutting edge with the cutting particles and the buffer particles is carried out within the framework of an electroplating process or a chemically deposited metal process, in which a metal layer is formed on the cutting edge and a part of the surface of the cutting particles and the buffer particles is firmly arranged within the metal layer and another part of their surface adheres to the metal layer partially so as to protrude from the metal layer. As a result, the The geometric shape is not specified edges of the cutting particles can come into contact with the material of the workpiece to be cut during the use of the cutting tool.

[0049] The metal layer consists of a metal, in particular nickel, chromium or copper, and the metal is deposited on the cutting edge as metal ions during electroplating or chemical deposition of the metal. Here, the metal ions and the metal of the metal layer are not the buffer particles. The buffer particles are additional particles different from the metal ions and the metal of the metal layer.

[0050] However, the cutting particles and the buffer particles can also be partially embedded in a separately formed bonding layer. In that case, in particular the following bonding types are used: resin bonding, ceramic bonding, sintered metal bonding and electroplating bonding.

[0051] The coated portion of the tooth tip can consist of about 10 to 60%, in particular about 10 to 50%, in particular about 20 to 50%, in particular about 30 to 50% of the buffer particles. This ratio is based on the coated area of the tooth tip and not on the total area of the tooth tip. Usually, there are also such regions at the tooth tip that are not coated with either cutting particles or buffer particles. When the tooth tip is covered by a metal layer as described above, the region where neither of these cutting particles nor buffer particles exist is covered by the metal layer. The masking rate (%) of the coated portion of the tooth tip, when the sizes of the cutting particles and the buffer particles are approximately the same, approximately corresponds to the mixing ratio of these particles provided for the coating process with respect to the particles on the coated tooth tip. Here, the numerical ranges described above are to ensure that a sufficiently large interval is realized between the cutting particles in order to avoid the above-mentioned adverse effects during cutting, taking into account the probability distribution.

[0052] The cutting particles and the buffer particles have approximately the same average size. In this case, as described above, the mixing ratio before the coating process corresponds to the ratio of the particles on the coated tooth tip. However, it is also possible for the cutting particles and the buffer particles to have different average sizes. The average size of the cutting particles and the average size of the buffer particles can be between about 60 and 800 μm, in particular between about 100 and 800 μm, in particular between about 200 and 800 μm, in particular between about 300 and 800 μm, in particular between about 400 and 800 μm, in particular between about 500 and 800 μm, in particular between about 500 and 700 μm, in particular about 600 μm. Such an order of size ensures that the cutting particles provide the desired The geometric shape is not specified blade and that the buffer particles are spaced apart from each other as desired.

[0053] The cutting particles can be hard or very hard. Here, hard cutting particles are understood to be particles consisting in particular of corundum (AL2O3) or silicon carbide (SiC).

[0054] Very hard cutting particles can include single crystal diamond (MKD), polycrystalline diamond (CVD-D), polycrystalline diamond (PKD), cubic boron nitride (CBN), cutting ceramics, cemented carbide, or combinations thereof.

[0055] Buffer particles can include single crystal diamond (MKD), polycrystalline diamond (CVD-D), polycrystalline diamond (PKD), cubic boron carbide (CBN), silicon carbide, cutting ceramics, cemented carbide, plastic, glass, ceramic, boron carbide, nickel, copper, or combinations thereof.

[0056] The cutting particles can have cubic boron nitride (CBN) and the buffer particles can have diamond. Since diamond melts at about 720 °C and CBN withstands this temperature, in this case, a relatively low heat resistance is utilized to completely or partially remove the buffer particles.

[0057] The cutting particles can include diamond, silicon carbide, cutting ceramics, cemented carbide, or combinations thereof, and the buffer particles can include plastic, glass, ceramic, boron carbide, nickel, copper, or combinations thereof.

[0058] The tooth tip can be formed by separately fabricated attachment elements or can be formed together. The attachment elements are firmly joined to the rest of the tooth via a connection zone. Suitable joining methods are, for example, adhesion, brazing, or welding.

[0059] The first connection surface of the attachment element forming the free tooth tip can be configured substantially the same as the region directly following the first connection surface of the rest of the tooth. However, this can also be configured differently. The same applies to the second connection surface.

[0060] The attachment element is configured asymmetrically to form an asymmetric tooth tip. The region directly following the first connecting surface of the remaining part of the tooth can likewise be configured asymmetrically. However, this may be configured differently.

[0061] The attachment element can be configured as a sintered element. The sintered element consists of a mixture of a binder and cutting particles. The binder can be, for example, copper, cobalt, iron, bronze, nickel, or a mixture thereof. Additionally, buffer particles can be present.

[0062] It is understood that the cutting tool not only has one tooth formed in this way, but also has a plurality, in particular a large number, of teeth of this kind. This can be all the teeth of the cutting tool. However, it is also possible to additionally arrange separately formed teeth on the cutting tool.

[0063] The cutting tool has a tooth support arranged on the tooth. The tooth can be integral with the tooth support or can be formed separately therefrom. In the latter case, the tooth or tooth tip is firmly joined to the tooth support or tooth projection in a suitable manner, in particular by welding or brazing. The tooth support has a longitudinally extending belt-like or circular disk-like configuration. In other words, the cutting tool is a cutting belt similar to a saw belt or a circular cutting blade similar to a circular saw.

[0064] The teeth are arranged on the tooth support at a constant pitch. This means that the spacing between the teeth is the same. However, it is also possible for the teeth to be arranged on the tooth support at a varying pitch. This means that the spacing between the teeth varies. In this case, in particular different spacings between 2 and 10 can be present between the teeth of the cutting tool.

[0065] The tooth support is composed of a suitable material. This is in particular a metallic material. For example, spring steel or alloy heat-treated steel.

[0066] However, the cutting tool The geometric shape is not specifiedAnother cutting tool with a blade may be used. The cutting tool can in particular be a grinding disk, a grinding belt, or another tool for polishing, honing, lapping, blasting, or barrel polishing.

[0067] The material to be cut is in particular a non-metallic inorganic material or a composite material. These materials are in particular glass, graphite, anthracite, ceramics, silicon, concrete materials, CFRP, sintered materials, natural stone. However, it may also be metal.

[0068] Advantageous developments of the invention result from the claims, the description and the drawings.

[0069] The advantages of the features described in the description and combinations of a plurality of features are merely examples and can act alternatively or cumulatively, and these advantages do not necessarily have to be achieved by embodiments of the invention.

[0070] Regarding the original application documents and the patent disclosure content (not the scope of protection), the following applies. Further features are understood from the drawings, in particular the illustrated geometric shapes and the relative dimensions and relative arrangements and operative connections of the plurality of components to one another. Combinations of features of various embodiments of the invention, or combinations of features of various claims, are equally possible even if they differ from the selected citation relationships of the claims, as proposed herein. This also applies to features shown in separate drawings or described in the description of the drawings. These features can also be combined with features of different claims. Similarly, features listed in the claims can be omitted for further embodiments of the invention. However, this does not apply to the independent claims of the granted patent. The features recited in the claims and the specification should be understood as being exactly that number, or a number greater than that number, without the need to explicitly use the adverb "at least" with respect to their number. Thus, for example, when referring to teeth, this should be understood as meaning that there is exactly one tooth, two teeth, or more teeth. These features can be complemented by other features or can be the only feature constituting each product.

[0071] The reference signs included in the claims do not limit the scope of the subject matter protected by the claims. The reference signs are used only for the purpose of facilitating the understanding of the claims.

[0072] Hereinafter, the present invention will be further described and described based on the preferred embodiments shown in the drawings.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0073]

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DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0074] FIGS. 1 - 5 show exemplary embodiments of a novel cutting tool 1 from various directions. The cutting tool 1 has a tooth support 2. In this example, a longitudinally extending belt-shaped cutting tool 1 is dealt with, and only a part of it is shown. It is understood that the cutting tool 1 extends correspondingly further beyond the broken line shown in FIG. 1. However, the cutting tool 1 may also be a circular disk-shaped cutting tool 1. The following embodiments also apply to such embodiments.

[0075] The cutting tool 1 has a plurality of teeth 3 arranged on a tooth support 2. The teeth 3 can be formed integrally with the tooth support 2 either wholly or partially. In this example, the teeth 3 are arranged on the tooth support 2 at a constant pitch. However, the teeth can also be arranged on the tooth support 2 at a varying pitch.

[0076] Each tooth 3 has one tooth tip 4, and the tooth tip points in a direction away from the tooth support 2. The tooth tip 4 is completely or partially coated with cutting particles 5 in a cutting particle coating layer 15. The cutting particles 5 are hard or very hard. These can be, for example, corundum (AL2O3), single crystal diamond (MKD), polycrystalline diamond (CVD-D), etc. For clarity, only some of the cutting particles are labeled with reference numeral 5. The end of the cutting particle coating layer 15 where the cutting particles 5 are present is symbolized by a horizontal line.

[0077] The geometric configuration of the tooth tip 4 can be easily identified based on the illustrations in FIGS. 6, 7, and 8. In these figures, the cutting particles are not shown as compared to the corresponding FIGS. 1, 2, and 5. However, it is understood that the cutting particles are always present in these figures and the following figures. However, here too, the end of the region where the cutting particles are present is symbolized by a horizontal line.

[0078] Each tooth tip 4 has a longitudinal central axis 6, a plate surface 7, a first connection surface 8, and a second connection surface 9. The first connection surface 8 and the second connection surface 9 directly follow the plate surface 7. However, it would also be possible to connect indirectly. That is, another surface is arranged between the plate surface 7 and each of the connection surfaces 8, 9.

[0079] The tooth tip 4 is configured asymmetrically. This means that the first connection surface 8 extends on the first side surface of the longitudinal central axis 6 (here the left side surface) under a first tooth tip angle 10 of a first size with respect to the plate surface 7, and the second connection surface 9 extends on the opposite second side surface of the longitudinal central axis 6 (here the right side surface) under a second tooth tip angle 11 of another second size with respect to the plate surface (see FIG. 8).

[0080] The tip angles 10, 11 are determined here relative to the vertical line. In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, the magnitude of the first tip angle 10 is approximately 45°, and the magnitude of the second tip angle 11 is approximately 20°.

[0081] When the cutting tool 1 moves in the first direction of movement 13 (here to the left), the first connecting surface 8 is the active cutting surface that first contacts the material to be cut of the workpiece. In this case, when viewed in the first direction of movement 13, the first tip angle 10 is a negative tip angle. The cutting tool 1 has a gentle cutting behavior during cutting in this first direction of movement 13 and is particularly suitable for cutting brittle materials.

[0082] In contrast, when the cutting tool 1 is driven and moved in the opposite second direction of movement 14 (here to the right), the second connecting surface 9 is the active cutting surface. This can be achieved, for example, by reversing the direction of rotation of the motor of the cutting machine that drives the cutting tool 1. Another possibility for making the second connecting surface 9 active is to reverse the orientation (arrangement) of the cutting tool 1 in the cutting machine. In both cases, it is achieved that the active cutting surface has a positive tip angle, thereby resulting in an aggressive cutting behavior. And a cutting tool 1 that is particularly suitable for cutting ductile materials in particular is realized.

[0083] Figures 9 and 10 show a second exemplary embodiment of the novel cutting tool 1. This embodiment has a number of common points with the previously described embodiment, and therefore, in order to avoid unnecessary repetition, reference is not made to the above-described embodiment in this regard. The same also applies to the further embodiments described below.

[0084] The difference from that is that here the teeth 3 are present on the tooth tip support 2 at a changing pitch, which can be realized based on the relatively long dashed-dotted line in Fig. 10. The distance between the first tooth 3 and the second tooth 3 is larger than the distance between the second tooth 3 and the third tooth 3 (looking from left to right in Fig. 10). The distance between the third tooth 3 and the fourth tooth 3 becomes smaller again than the distance between the second tooth 3 and the third tooth 3. However, there may be another changing pitch.

[0085] Figs. 11 and 12 show a third exemplary embodiment of the novel cutting tool 1. Here, the teeth 3 are configured differently from each other. In addition to the teeth 3 of the first type described above (the second tooth 3 and the third tooth 3 as seen from the left in Fig. 12), there are further teeth 3 of the second type (the first tooth 3 and the fourth tooth 3 as seen from the left in Fig. 12), and in the second type, the two tooth tip angles 10, 11 are negative. Also in these teeth 3, since the magnitudes of the tooth tip angles 10, 11 are different, the tooth tips 4 are configured asymmetrically. The magnitude of the first tooth tip angle 10 of the first tooth 3 is about 45° here, while the magnitude of the second tooth tip angle 11 of the first tooth 3 is about 20°. In the fourth tooth 3, the magnitude of the first tooth tip angle 10 is similarly about 45°, while the magnitude of the second tooth tip angle 11 of the fourth tooth 3 is about 10°. The teeth 3 are arranged on the tooth support 2 at a constant pitch. However, the teeth can also be arranged at a changing pitch.

[0086] Figs. 13 to 16 show a fourth exemplary embodiment of the novel cutting tool 1 as seen from various directions. Here, the cutting tool 1 is configured as a circular cutting blade. That is, the tooth support 2 is configured in a circular disk shape. The teeth 3 are arranged on the tooth support 2 at a changing pitch. The first tooth tip angle 10 is negative. Its magnitude is about 45°. The second tooth tip angle 11 is about 2°.

[0087] Figures 17 and 18 show a fifth exemplary embodiment of the novel cutting tool 1. In this case, the cutting edge 4 is coated not only with the cutting particles 5 but also with the buffer particles 16. The cutting particles 5 and the buffer particles 16 are firmly arranged in the metal layer 17 and are partially embedded therein. Thus, the particles protrude partially from the metal layer 17. The metal layer 17 is in particular an electroplated deposition layer or a chemical metal deposition layer. The cutting particles 5 and the buffer particles 16 differ with respect to their materials and the functions to be fulfilled. For details in this regard, reference is made to the above detailed description.

[0088] The cutting particles 5, the buffer particles 16, and the metal layer 17 together form a coating region 18 that provides the desired cutting function of the cutting tool 1, which is because the coating region includes the necessary cutting edges for this purpose. This coating layer 18 extends over the entire cutting edge 4 or over a part of the cutting edge 4. This is the coated part of the cutting edge 4.

[0089] It is understood that the views of Figures 17 and 18 are not to-scale illustrations and that the geometries of the particles 5, 16 may actually look different or may look different. The particles 5, 16 can also have approximately the same geometry. This figure serves to distinguish the particles 5, 16 and to clarify that the arrangement of the buffer particles 16 creates free space between the cutting particles 5, which free space does not exist or does not exist to this extent in a pure arrangement of the cutting particles 5, as is known from the prior art.

[0090] For further possible configurations of the cutting tool 1 and the cutting edge 4, reference is made to the embodiments of the cutting tool 1 according to Figures 1 to 16. In other words, the embodiments of the cutting tool 1 according to Figures 1 to 16 can also have the buffer particles 16.

[0091] Figures 19 to 22 show details corresponding to FIG. 8 of a further exemplary embodiment of the cutting edge 4 of the cutting tool 1. In this embodiment, the cutting edge 4 is formed by, or together with, separately produced attachment elements 19. The attachment elements 19 are firmly joined to the remainder of the tooth 3 via a connection zone 20. Suitable joining methods are, for example, adhesion, brazing, or welding. The connection zone 20 is symbolically indicated by a thick black line.

[0092] Based on various embodiments, it is understood that the first connection surface 8 of the attachment element 19 forming the free cutting edge 4 can be configured substantially the same as the region directly following the first connection surface 8 of the remainder of the tooth 3. The same applies to the second connection surface 9.

[0093] The attachment element 19 can be configured as a sintered element. The sintered element consists of a mixture of a binder and cutting particles. The binder can be, for example, copper, cobalt, iron, bronze, nickel, or a mixture thereof. Furthermore, buffer particles can be present. Note that although this application relates to the invention described in the claims, it includes the following as other aspects. 1. A cutting tool (1) having teeth (3) with tooth tips (4) coated with cutting particles (5) to form geometrically indeterminate cutting edges, wherein the tooth tip (4) has a longitudinal central axis (6), a plate surface (7), a first connecting surface (8), and a second connecting surface (9), the first connecting surface (8) and the second connecting surface (9) directly or indirectly follow the plate surface (7), the first connecting surface (8) extends on a first side of the longitudinal central axis (6) under a first tooth tip angle (10) of a first magnitude with respect to the plate surface (7), the cutting tool, wherein the tooth tip (4) is configured asymmetrically, the second connecting surface (9) extends on the opposite second side of the longitudinal central axis (6) under a second tooth tip angle (11) of another second magnitude with respect to the plate surface (7), the first tooth tip angle (10) is <0° as viewed in a first movement direction (13) in which the first connecting surface (8) precedes the second connecting surface (9), the second tooth tip angle (11) is ≧0° as viewed in an opposite second movement direction (14) in which the second connecting surface (9) precedes the first connecting surface (8), characterized in that it is a cutting tool. 2. The first tooth tip angle (10) is between <0° and -80°, and the second tooth tip angle (11) is between 0° and 20°, characterized in that it is the cutting tool (1) of the above 1. 3. The first tip angle (10) is between -1° and -75°, particularly between -1° and -73°, particularly between -1° and -71°, particularly between -40° and -80°, particularly between -40° and -75°, particularly between -40° and -70°, particularly between -40° and -50°, particularly between -42° and -48°, and particularly about -45°. The second tip angle (11) is between 0° and 15°, particularly between 0° and 12°, particularly between 0° and 10°, particularly between 3° and 13°, particularly between 5° and 15°, particularly between 8° and 12°, and particularly about 10°. The cutting tool (1) according to 1 above is characterized by this. 4. The cutting particles (5) are hard or very hard. The cutting tool (1) according to any one of 1 to 3 above is characterized by this. 5. The very hard cutting particles (5) include single crystal diamond (MKD), polycrystalline diamond (CVD-D), polycrystalline diamond (PKD), cubic boron nitride (CBN), cutting ceramics, cemented carbide, or a combination thereof. The cutting tool (1) according to any one of 1 to 4 above is characterized by this. 6. The tip (4) is further coated with buffer particles (16) made of a material different from the cutting particles (5), and the buffer particles (16) are present between the cutting particles (5). The cutting tool (1) according to any one of 1 to 5 above is characterized by this. 7. The cutting particles (5) and the buffer particles (16) are partially embedded in a metal layer (17), particularly an electroplated deposition layer or a chemical metal deposition layer. The cutting tool (1) according to 6 above is characterized by this. 8. The metal layer (17) is made of a metal, particularly nickel, chromium, or copper. The metal is deposited on the tip (4) as metal ions during electroplating or chemical metal deposition, and the metal ions and the metal of the metal layer (17) are not the buffer particles (16). The cutting tool (1) according to 7 above is characterized by this. 9. The coated portion of the tip (4) consists of about 10 to 60% of the buffer particles (16), particularly about 10 to 50%, particularly about 20 to 50%, particularly about 30 to 50%. The cutting tool (1) according to any one of 6 to 8 above is characterized by this. 10. The cutting particles (5) and the buffer particles (16) have substantially the same average size. The cutting tool (1) according to any one of 6 to 9 above is characterized by this. 11. The average size of the cutting particles (5) and the average size of the buffer particles (16) are between about 60 and 800 μm, particularly between about 100 and 800 μm, particularly between about 200 and 800 μm, particularly between about 300 and 800 μm, particularly between about 400 and 800 μm, particularly between about 500 and 800 μm, particularly between about 500 and 700 μm, particularly about 600 μm, characterized by any one of the cutting tools (1) from 6 to 10 above. 12. The buffer particles (16) have a hardness lower than that of the cutting particles (5), characterized by any one of the cutting tools (1) from 6 to 11 above. 13. The buffer particles (16) have a heat resistance lower than that of the cutting particles (5), characterized by any one of the cutting tools (1) from 6 to 12 above. 14. The buffer particles (16) include single crystal diamond (MKD), polycrystalline diamond (CVD-D), polycrystalline diamond (PKD), cubic boron nitride (CBN), silicon carbide, cutting ceramics, cemented carbide, plastic, glass, ceramics, boron carbide, nickel, copper, or combinations thereof, characterized by any one of the cutting tools (1) from 6 to 13 above. 15. The cutting particles (5) include cubic boron nitride (CBN), and the buffer particles (16) include diamond, or The cutting particles (5) include diamond, silicon carbide, cutting ceramics, cemented carbide, or combinations thereof, and the buffer particles (16) include plastic, glass, ceramics, boron carbide, nickel, copper, or combinations thereof, characterized by any one of the cutting tools (1) from 6 to 13 above. 16. A plurality of, particularly a large number of teeth (3) of this kind are arranged on the cutting tool (1), characterized by any one of the cutting tools (1) from 1 to 15 above. 17. A cutting tool (1) characterized by a tooth tip support (2) configured in a belt shape or a circular disk shape, any one of the cutting tools (1) from 1 to 16 above. 18. The teeth (3) are arranged on the tooth support (2) at a varying pitch, characterized by the cutting tool (1) of 6 or 7 above. 19. A cutting tool (1) having exactly one tooth (3) with a tooth tip (4) that is asymmetrically configured and coated with cutting particles (5) to form a geometrically indeterminate cutting edge. In particular, in a method of cutting two workpieces made of different materials by a cutting tool (1) according to at least one of 1 to 18 above, The step of mounting the cutting tool (1) on a cutting machine equipped with a motor in a first orientation; The step of cutting a first workpiece made of a first material by driving the cutting tool (1) in a first movement direction (13) by the cutting tool (1) in the first orientation; and a1. The step of switching the motor to drive the cutting tool (1) in an opposite second movement direction (14); and a2. The step of cutting a second workpiece made of another second material by the cutting tool (1) in the first orientation; or b1. The step of removing the cutting tool (1) from the cutting machine; b2. The step of mounting the cutting tool (1) on the cutting machine in a reverse second orientation; and b3. The step of cutting a second workpiece made of another second material by the cutting tool (1) in the second orientation by driving the cutting tool (1) in the first movement direction (13), a method comprising these steps.

Explanation of Symbols

[0094] 1 Cutting tool 2 Tooth support 3 Tooth 4 Tooth tip 5 Cutting particles 6 Longitudinal central axis 7 Plate surface 8 First connection surface 9 Second connection surface 10 First tooth tip angle 11 Second tooth tip angle 12 Direction of movement 13 First direction of movement 14 Second direction of movement 15 Cutting particle coating region 16 Buffer particles 17 Metal layer 18 Coating region 19 Attachment element 20 Connection zone

Claims

1. A cutting machine comprising a motor and a cutting tool (1), wherein: the cutting tool (1) has a plurality of teeth (3) each having a tooth tip (4) coated with cutting particles (5) to form a blade with an undefined geometry, and the teeth (3) are configured in a belt shape or a circular disk shape on a tooth support (2); the tooth tip (4) has a longitudinal central axis (6), a plate surface (7), a first connection surface (8), and a second connection surface (9); the first connection surface (8) and the second connection surface (9) are side surfaces of the tooth tip (4) and directly or indirectly continue on opposite sides of the plate surface (7) to form cutting surfaces for cutting workpieces of different materials; the cutting tool (1) is driven by the motor in a first movement direction (13) in which the first connection surface (8) precedes the second connection surface (9), and in a second movement direction (14) opposite to the first movement direction in which the second connection surface (9) precedes the first connection surface (8); the first connection surface (8) extends on the first side surface of the tooth tip (4) under a first tooth tip angle (10) of a first magnitude with respect to the longitudinal central axis (6); the tooth tip (4) is configured asymmetrically with respect to the longitudinal central axis (6); the second connection surface (9) extends on the second side surface of the tooth tip (4) opposite to the first side surface under a second tooth tip angle (11) of a second magnitude different from the first magnitude with respect to the longitudinal central axis (6); the first tooth tip angle (10) is less than 0° and greater than or equal to -80° when viewed in the first movement direction (13). When the cutting tool (1) mounted on the cutting machine in the first orientation moves in the first movement direction, the first connection surface (8) becomes an active cutting surface in contact with the material to be cut of the workpiece; the second tooth tip angle (11) is greater than or equal to 0° and less than or equal to 20° when viewed in the second movement direction (14). By reversing the rotation direction of the motor, when the cutting tool (1) mounted on the cutting machine in the first orientation moves in the second movement direction, or when the cutting tool (1) is mounted on the cutting machine in a second orientation opposite to the first orientation without changing the rotation direction of the motor and the cutting tool (1) moves in the first movement direction, the second connection surface (9) becomes an active cutting surface in contact with the material to be cut of the workpiece. A cutting machine characterized by this.

2. The first tooth tip angle (10) is between -1° and -75°, between -1° and -73°, between -1° and -71°, between -40° and -80°, between -40° and -75°, between -40° and -70°, between -40° and -50°, between -42° and -48°, or -45°; and the second tooth tip angle (11) is between 0° and 15°, between 0° and 12°, between 0° and 10°, between 3° and 13°, between 5° and 15°, between 8° and 12°, or 10°. The cutting machine according to claim 1 is characterized by this.

3. The cutting particles (5) are particles made of corundum (AL2O3) or silicon carbide (SiC). The cutting machine according to claim 1 or 2 is characterized by this.

4. The cutting particles (5) include single crystal diamond (MK-D), polycrystalline diamond (CVD-D), polycrystalline diamond (PK-D), cubic boron nitride (CBN), cutting ceramics, cemented carbide, or a combination thereof. The cutting machine according to claim 1 or 2 is characterized by this.

5. The tooth tip (4) is further coated with buffer particles (16) made of a material different from the cutting particles (5), and the buffer particles (16) are present between the cutting particles (5). The cutting machine according to any one of claims 1 to 4 is characterized by this.

6. The cutting particles (5) and the buffer particles (16) are partially embedded in a metal layer (17), an electroplated deposit layer, or a chemical metal deposit layer. The cutting machine according to claim 5 is characterized by this.

7. The metal layer (17) is made of metal, nickel, chromium, or copper. The metal is deposited on the tooth tip (4) as metal ions during electroplating or chemical metal deposition, and the metal ions and the metal of the metal layer (17) are not the buffer particles (16). The cutting machine according to claim 6 is characterized by this.

8. The coated portion of the tooth tip (4) consists of 10% to 60%, 10% to 50%, 20% to 50%, or 30% to 50% of the buffer particles (16). The cutting machine according to any one of claims 5 to 7 is characterized by this.

9. The cutting particles (5) and the buffer particles (16) have the same average size. The cutting machine according to any one of claims 5 to 8 is characterized by this.

10. The average size of the cutting particles (5) and the average size of the buffer particles (16) are 60 to 800 μm, 100 to 800 μm, 200 to 800 μm, 300 to 800 μm, 400 to 800 μm, 500 to 800 μm, 500 to 700 μm, or 600 μm, The cutting machine according to any one of claims 5 to 9, characterized in that.

11. The buffer particles (16) have a hardness smaller than that of the cutting particles (5), The cutting machine according to any one of claims 5 to 10, characterized in that.

12. The buffer particles (16) have a heat resistance smaller than that of the cutting particles (5), The cutting machine according to any one of claims 5 to 11, characterized in that.

13. The buffer particles (16) include single crystal diamond (MK D), polycrystalline diamond (CVD-D), polycrystalline diamond (PK D), cubic boron nitride (CBN), silicon carbide, cutting ceramic, cemented carbide, plastic, glass, ceramic, boron carbide, nickel, copper, or a combination thereof, The cutting machine according to any one of claims 5 to 12, characterized in that.

14. The cutting particles (5) contain cubic boron nitride (CBN), the buffer particles (16) contain diamond, or The cutting particles (5) include diamond, silicon carbide, cutting ceramic, cemented carbide, or a combination thereof, and the buffer particles (16) include plastic, glass, ceramic, boron carbide, nickel, copper, or a combination thereof, The cutting machine according to any one of claims 5 to 12, characterized in that.

15. The teeth (3) are arranged on the tooth support (2) at a varying pitch, The cutting machine according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that.

16. Exactly one tooth (3) having a tooth tip (4) covered with cutting particles (5) to form a blade that is asymmetrically configured with respect to the longitudinal central axis (6) and has an undefined geometry, A method of cutting two workpieces made of different materials by a cutting tool (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 15, comprising: Mounting the cutting tool (1) in a first orientation on a cutting machine equipped with a motor; A step of cutting a first workpiece made of a first material by driving the cutting tool (1) in a first movement direction (13) by the cutting tool (1) in the first direction, and a1. A step of switching the motor to drive the cutting tool (1) in an opposite second movement direction (14), and a2. A step of cutting a second workpiece made of another second material by the cutting tool (1) in the first direction, or b1. A step of removing the cutting tool (1) from the cutting machine, b2. A step of mounting the cutting tool (1) on the cutting machine in a reverse second direction, and b3. A step of cutting a second workpiece made of another second material by the cutting tool (1) in the second direction by driving the cutting tool (1) in the first movement direction (13), a method comprising.

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