Charge and discharge system and mobile body

Abstract

To obtain profits by efficiently charging and discharging storage batteries.SOLUTION: A charge / discharge system according to one embodiment includes: a storage battery configured to absorb CO2 during charging and release CO2 during discharging; and a control device configured to control a charge / discharge operation of the storage battery. The control device is configured to: calculate a power trading price during charging on the basis of at least a power purchase price, which is determined by a charge power amount and charge timing, and a first emissions trading price corresponding to a CO2 absorption amount according to the charge power amount; calculate a power trading price during discharging on the basis of at least a power selling price, which is determined by a discharge power amount and discharge timing, and a second emissions trading price corresponding to a CO2 emission amount according to the discharge power amount; and control the charge / discharge operation of the storage battery so as to perform charging and discharging when the power trading price during charging is lower than the power trading price during discharging.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Embodiments of the present invention relate to a charge-discharge system and a moving body.

Background Art

[0002] As measures to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, economic methods are being utilized, along with improvements in fuel efficiency, the use of fuels with low CO2 emissions (biofuels), electrification, improvements in driving methods, and changes to transportation means with low CO2 emissions per unit of transported volume (modal shift). Economic methods refer to measures that encourage CO2 emissions reduction by assigning a price to CO2 and imposing an economic burden according to the emissions volume, and the general term for this is carbon pricing. The main measures of carbon pricing are the "carbon tax" that taxes according to the CO2 emissions volume and the "emissions trading system" that trades excess or deficit CO2 emissions between countries or companies.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0003]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0004] With the above-described background, in recent years, for example, the development of storage batteries having CO2 absorption characteristics during charging has been progressing for storage batteries mounted on electric vehicles and stationary storage batteries for homes, and a mechanism is required that enables users who own such environmentally considerate storage batteries to obtain benefits.

[0005] The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a charge-discharge system and a moving body that can efficiently charge and discharge a storage battery to obtain benefits.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0006] A charge-discharge system according to an embodiment includes a storage battery that absorbs CO2 during charging and releases CO2 during discharging, and a control device that controls the charge-discharge operation of the storage battery.

[0007] The control device calculates the power trading price during charging based on at least the amount of charged power, the purchase power price determined by the charging timing, and the first emission rights trading price corresponding to the amount of CO2 absorbed according to the amount of charged power, and calculates the power trading price during discharging based on at least the amount of discharged power, the selling power price determined by the discharging timing, and the second emission rights trading price corresponding to the amount of CO2 released according to the amount of discharged power, and controls the charge-discharge operation of the storage battery to charge and discharge when the power trading price during charging is lower than the power trading price during discharging.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0008]

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Embodiments for Carrying Out the Invention

[0009] Hereinafter, embodiments will be described with reference to the drawings. It should be noted that the disclosure is merely an example, and the invention is not limited by the content described in the following embodiments. Modifications that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art are naturally included in the scope of the disclosure. For the sake of clearer explanation, in the drawings, the size, shape, etc. of each part may be changed with respect to the actual implementation mode and represented schematically. In a plurality of drawings, the same reference numerals may be assigned to corresponding elements, and detailed descriptions may be omitted.

[0010] In this embodiment, it is assumed that the user owns a DAC (Direct Air Capture) battery. The DAC battery has the characteristic of absorbing CO2 during charging and releasing CO2 during discharging. Since the structure of the DAC battery is not directly related to the present invention, a detailed description thereof will be omitted here.

[0011] From the user's perspective, when considering the expenses and revenues of power trading due to the charging and discharging of the DAC battery, the following is the case. · During charging: Buying electricity (expense), CO2 emission rights trading price (revenue) · During discharging: Selling electricity (revenue), CO2 emission rights trading price (expense) · User's expense = Buying electricity (expense) - CO2 emission rights trading price (revenue) - Selling electricity (revenue) + CO2 emission rights trading price (expense) The buying electricity price and the selling electricity price are market prices and vary depending on the date and region. The CO2 emission rights trading price is determined by the amount of CO2 emissions. In the DAC battery, since CO2 is absorbed during charging, the CO2 emission rights trading price becomes the selling price (revenue). Conversely, since CO2 is released during discharging, the CO2 emission rights trading price becomes the purchase price (expense). In this embodiment, a mechanism is proposed in which the user can obtain benefits by considering the CO2 emission rights trading price peculiar to such a DAC battery.

[0012] (First Embodiment) FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the configuration of a charging and discharging system according to the first embodiment. The charging and discharging system 10 in this embodiment is composed of a plurality of battery systems 11a, 11b, 11c... and a system server 14 connected to these battery systems 11a, 11b, 11c... via a communication network NT.

[0013] The battery systems 11a, 11b, 11c... each include DAC batteries 12a, 12b, 12c... and power control devices 13a, 13b, 13c.... The DAC batteries 12a, 12b, 12c... have the characteristic of absorbing CO2 during charging and releasing CO2 during discharging. The DAC batteries 12a, 12b, 12c... are used, for example, as power sources for residences, facilities, or mobile objects such as electric vehicles. Alternatively, the DAC batteries 12a, 12b, 12c... may be connected to power generation facilities using renewable energy and function as an adjustment force to prepare for fluctuations in the supply power, or function as a battery for a VPP (Virtual Power Plant). The power control devices 13a, 13b, 13c... control the charging and discharging operations of the DAC batteries 12a, 12b, 12c... under the control of the system server 14.

[0014] Hereinafter, any one of the power control devices 13a, 13b, 13c... will be described as the power control device 13 for representative purposes. Similarly, any one of the DAC batteries 12a, 12b, 12c... will be described as the DAC battery 12 for representative purposes.

[0015] FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the power control device 13 used in the charge / discharge system 10. The power control device 13 includes a control device 21, a storage device 22, a communication unit 23, an input device 24, a display device 25, and a charge / discharge device 26. The control device 21 consists of a hardware processor including a CPU, and controls the power of the DAC battery 12 by reading a program stored in the storage device 22. The storage device 22 consists of a memory device such as ROM and RAM, and stores various data necessary for the processing of the control device 21 and a control program for controlling the power of the DAC battery 12. The communication unit 23 consists of a communication device having a predetermined communication protocol, and performs communication processing with the system server 14.

[0016] The input device 24 consists of an input device such as a keyboard or a touch panel, and is used when a user inputs set values for the electricity purchase price and the electricity selling price. The display device 25 consists of a display device such as an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display), and is used when displaying the remaining amount of the DAC battery 12. Note that as the input device 24 and the display device 25, a mobile terminal owned by the user may be used, or a car navigation system installed in an electric vehicle may be used.

[0017] The charge / discharge device 26 discharges or charges the DAC battery 12 either wired or wirelessly. The DAC battery 12 is installed in a moving body such as an electric vehicle (EV: Electric Vehicle), or is installed in a stationary type in a building including a house, a facility, etc. The DAC battery 12 has a predetermined capacity and is used as a drive source for the target device 27. The target device 27 is, for example, a moving body such as an electric vehicle or an electronic device used in a building, and includes all devices that can be driven by the DAC battery 12. Note that when the target device 27 is a moving body such as an electric vehicle, the DAC battery 12 may be included in the target device 27.

[0018] FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the system server 14 used in the charge / discharge system 10. The system server 14 includes a control device 31, a communication device 32, and a storage device 33. The control device 31 consists of a hardware processor including a CPU, and executes charge / discharge processing for the purpose of user profit by reading a control program stored in the storage device 33. The control device 31 is provided with an acquisition unit 31a, a first transaction price calculation unit 31b, a second transaction price calculation unit 31c, and a charge / discharge control unit 31d as functional units for realizing this system.

[0019] The acquisition unit 31a acquires information necessary for power transaction processing. Specifically, the acquisition unit 31a acquires the user's electricity purchase price set values UB1, UB2 and the electricity selling price set values US1, US2 through the power control device 13. "Power purchase price set values UB1, UB2" are prices that serve as thresholds when a user purchases electricity. Depending on the user's intention, at least two or more prices are set step by step (UB1 > UB2). "Power purchase price set values UB1, UB2" can be changed to any value as appropriate (for example, it can be changed according to situations such as hot summer days when the solar power generation is high and the selling electricity price (market price) drops). "Power selling price set values US1, US2" are prices that serve as thresholds when a user sells electricity. Depending on the user's intention, at least two or more prices are set step by step (US1 > US2). "Power selling price set values US1, US2" can be changed to any value as appropriate (for example, it can be changed according to situations such as cold winter nights when the electricity demand is high and the selling electricity price (market price) is high).

[0020] The first transaction price calculation unit 31b calculates the power transaction price CP during charging based on at least the power purchase price BP (market price) determined by the charging power amount and charging timing, and the emission rights trading price ED1 (selling price). The emission rights trading price ED1 (selling price) is determined by the CO2 absorption amount corresponding to the charging power amount of the DAC battery 12.

[0021] The second transaction price calculation unit 31c calculates the power transaction price DP during discharging based on at least the power selling price SP (market price) determined by the discharging power amount and discharging timing, and the emission rights trading price ED2 (purchase price). The emission rights trading price ED2 (purchase price) is determined by the CO2 emission amount corresponding to the discharging power amount.

[0022] The charge-discharge control unit 31d controls the charge-discharge operation of the DAC battery 12 so that the user can obtain benefits based on the power transaction price CP during charging and the power transaction price DP during discharging. Specifically, the charge-discharge control unit 31d controls the charge-discharge operation of the DAC battery 12 to charge and discharge when the power transaction price CP during charging is lower than the power transaction price DP during discharging (see steps S25 and S30 in Figure 8).

[0023] Note that some or all of the functions provided in this control device 31 (acquisition unit 31a, first transaction price calculation unit 31b, second transaction price calculation unit 31c, charge / discharge control unit 31d) may be provided in the control device 21 of the power control device 13 shown in FIG. 2.

[0024] The communication device 32 consists of a communication device having a predetermined communication protocol and performs communication processing with the power control device 13. The storage device 33 consists of a memory device such as a ROM and a RAM, and stores various data necessary for the processing of the control device 31, a control program related to the charge / discharge processing, and the like. In addition, a first database (DB) 34 and a second database (DB) 35 are provided in the storage device 33.

[0025] FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of the first database 34. In the first database 34, the power purchase price setting values UB1 and UB2 and the power selling price setting values US1 and US2 of the user acquired by the acquisition unit 31a are stored in association with unique identification information (user ID) for each user. Information regarding the setting date and time may further be associated with the power purchase price setting values UB1 and UB2 and the power selling price setting values US1 and US2. When new power purchase price setting values UB1 and UB2 and power selling price setting values US1 and US2 are set, the values associated with the latest date and time may be adopted.

[0026] FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of the second database 35. In the second database 35, the power purchase price BP and the emission rights trading price ED1 (selling price), and the power selling price SP and the emission rights trading price ED2 (purchase price) are stored in association with the price update date and time.

[0027] (Hardware Configuration) FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of the system server 14. The system server 14 includes, as hardware components, a CPU 101, a non-volatile memory 102, a main memory 103, a communication device 104, and the like.

[0028] The CPU 101 is a hardware processor that controls the operation of the control device 31 shown in FIG. 3. The CPU 101 executes various programs loaded from the non-volatile memory 102, which is a storage device, to the main memory 103. Programs executed by the CPU 101 include, in addition to the operating system (OS), a program (hereinafter referred to as a charge / discharge program) 103a for executing the processing operations shown in the flowcharts of FIGS. 7 and 8, and the like.

[0029] The acquisition unit 31a, the first transaction price calculation unit 31b, the second transaction price calculation unit 31c, and the charge / discharge control unit 31d shown in FIG. 3 are realized by causing the CPU 101, which is a computer, to execute the charge / discharge program 103a. This charge / discharge program 103a is a program for realizing a charge / discharge process that enables a user to obtain a profit, and may be stored in a computer-readable recording medium and distributed, or may be downloaded to another computer through a network. Note that part or all of the acquisition unit 31a, the first transaction price calculation unit 31b, the second transaction price calculation unit 31c, and the charge / discharge control unit 31d may be realized by hardware such as an IC (Integrated Circuit), or may be realized as a combined configuration of the software and the hardware.

[0030] The non-volatile memory 102 and the main memory 103 correspond to the storage device 33 shown in FIG. 3. The communication device 104 is a device configured to execute communication with an external device, for example, by wire or wirelessly, and corresponds to the communication device 32 in FIG. 3.

[0031] Next, the operation of the charge / discharge system 10 in this embodiment will be described. In actual operation, charging and discharging are performed based on demand prediction. For example, when 10 KWh of power will be used in the future, it is necessary that the remaining amount of the DAC battery 12 is more than 10 KWh. The shortage is charged and the surplus is discharged. In the present embodiment, regardless of the remaining amount of the DAC battery 12, charging and discharging for the user to obtain profit from power trading are assumed. In the following description, it is assumed that there is free capacity required for charging in the DAC battery 12 during charging, and power required for discharging is accumulated in the DAC battery 12 during discharging. When discharging under the condition that the user can obtain profit (step S30 in FIG. 8 described later), "fully charged → fully discharged" results in the maximum profit.

[0032] FIGS. 7 and 8 are flowcharts showing the operations of the charge / discharge system 10. The processes shown in this flowchart are realized by the control device 31 provided in the system server 14, that is, the CPU 101 of the computer, reading the above-described charge / discharge program 103a.

[0033] First, as shown in FIG. 7, as an initial setting, the control device 31 (CPU 101) acquires information necessary for power trading from the user (steps S11 - S14). Specifically, the control device 31 acquires the power purchase price setting values UB1, UB2 and the power selling price setting values US1, US2, which are the desired prices of the user, from the user-side power control device 13 shown in FIG. 2 via the communication network NT. UB1 < UB2, US1 > US2. These setting values UB1, UB2, US1, US2 are stored in the first database 34 shown in FIG. 4 in association with the user ID.

[0034] · Calculation process of the power trading price CP during charging The control device 31 reads information on the current power purchase price BP and the emission rights trading price ED1 (selling price) from the second database 35 shown in FIG. 5 (steps S15 - S16). The power purchase price BP and the emission rights trading price ED1 (selling price) are determined by a specific power trading operator (aggregator) as the market price per unit of power consumption. As shown in FIG. 9, the information for determining the power purchase price BP includes "charge power amount", "charge timing", and "charge location".

[0035] The "charge power amount" is the amount of power to be charged to the DAC battery 12 and is determined by the power supply capacity on the power supply side. In this embodiment, the purpose is for the user to obtain profits from power trading, and regarding this charge power amount, it has nothing to do with the current remaining amount of the DAC battery 12. The "charge timing" includes time zones such as morning / afternoon / night. Since the power purchase price BP varies depending on the time zone, it is determined by the charge timing. The "charge location" assumes the case where the DAC battery 12 is mounted on a moving body such as an EV. Since the power purchase price BP also varies depending on the area where the DAC battery 12 is charged, it is determined by the charge location.

[0036] However, when assuming a stationary battery, there is no need to consider the charge location. In the case of a stationary battery, at least the "charge power amount" and the "charge timing" determine the power purchase price BP.

[0037] The emission rights trading price ED1 (selling price) is determined according to the CO2 absorption amount during the charging of the DAC battery 12. When the power purchase price BP (market price) and the emission rights trading price ED1 (selling price) are obtained, the control device 31 calculates the power trading price CP (the amount the user pays) during charging based on these prices BP and ED1 by the following formula (1) (step S17). Power trading price during charging: CP = BP - ED1 …(1) That is, the power trading price CP during charging is obtained by subtracting the CO2 emission rights trading price ED1 (selling price) from the power purchase price BP (market price).

[0038] ·Calculation process of power trading price DP during discharge The control device 31 reads information on the current power selling price SP and the emission rights trading price ED2 (purchase price) from the second database 35 shown in FIG. 5 (steps S18 - S19). The power selling price SP and the emission rights trading price ED2 (purchase price) are determined by a specific power trading operator (aggregator) as the market price per unit of power consumption. As shown in FIG. 10, the information for determining the power selling price SP includes "discharge power consumption", "discharge timing", and "discharge location".

[0039] The "discharge power consumption" is the amount of power discharged from the DAC battery 12 and is determined according to the "charge power consumption". In this embodiment, the purpose is for the user to obtain profit from power trading, and regarding this discharge power consumption, it has nothing to do with the current remaining amount of the DAC battery 12. The "discharge timing" includes time zones such as morning / afternoon / night. Similar to the power purchase price BP, the power selling price SP also varies depending on the time zone and is determined by the discharge timing. The "discharge location" assumes the case where the DAC battery 12 is mounted on a moving object such as an EV. Similar to the power purchase price BP, the power selling price SP also varies depending on the area where the DAC battery 12 discharges and is determined by the discharge location.

[0040] However, when assuming a stationary battery, it is not necessary to consider the discharge location. In the case of a stationary battery, at least the "discharge power consumption" and "discharge timing" determine the discharge price SP.

[0041] The emission rights trading price ED2 (purchase price) is determined according to the CO2 emission amount during the discharge of the DAC battery 12. When the power selling price SP (market price) and the emission rights trading price ED2 (purchase price) are obtained, the control device 31 calculates the power trading price DP (the amount received by the user) during discharge based on these prices SP and ED2 by the following formula (2) (step S17). Power trading price during discharge: DP = SP - ED2 …(2) That is, the electricity trading price DP during discharging is obtained by subtracting the CO2 emission right trading price ED2 (purchase price) from the electricity selling price SP (market price).

[0042] When the electricity trading price CP during charging and the electricity trading price DP during discharging are calculated in this way, the following processing is executed. The control device 31 compares the user's electricity purchase price setting value UB1 with the electricity trading price CP during charging (step S21). When the electricity purchase price setting value UB1 > the electricity trading price CP during charging (Yes in step S21), the control device 31 determines that the user may obtain a large profit and proceeds to the process of step S24.

[0043] When the electricity purchase price setting value UB1 ≤ the electricity trading price CP during charging (No in step S21), the control device 31 compares the electricity purchase price setting value UB2 set higher than the electricity purchase price setting value UB1 with the electricity trading price CP during charging (step S22). When the electricity purchase price setting value UB2 > the electricity trading price CP during charging (Yes in step S22), the control device 31 determines that the user may obtain a small profit and proceeds to the process of step S24.

[0044] On the other hand, in step S22, when the electricity purchase price setting value UB2 ≤ the electricity trading price CP during charging (No in step S22), the control device 31 determines that the user may not obtain a profit and holds the charging of the DAC battery 12 (step S23).

[0045] As shown in FIG. 8, in step S24, the control device 31 compares the power trading price CP (the amount paid by the user) during charging with the power trading price DP (the amount received by the user) during discharging. As a result, when the power trading price CP during charging < the power trading price DP during discharging (Yes in step S24), the control device 31 determines that the user can obtain a profit by discharging (selling electricity) later, and controls to charge the DAC battery 12 (step S25). Specifically, the control device 31 drives and controls the charge / discharge device 26 in the power control device 13 installed in the user-side battery system to charge the DAC battery 12. The charging power amount at this time is the charging power amount that is the setting standard of the power purchase price BP described in FIG. 9, and has nothing to do with the remaining amount of the DAC battery 12.

[0046] On the other hand, in step S24, when the power trading price CP during charging ≥ the power trading price DP during discharging, the control device 31 determines that the user cannot obtain a profit, and holds the charging of the DAC battery 12 (step S26).

[0047] When the charging based on the premise of user profit is completed in step S25, subsequently, the following processing is executed. First, the control device 31 recalculates the power trading price DP during discharging (step S27). This is because the selling electricity price SP (market price) may have changed since the power trading price DP during discharging was calculated in step S20. Also in this case, the power trading price DP during discharging is calculated according to the above formula (2) considering the CO2 emission right trading price ED2 (purchase price).

[0048] Hereinafter, in order to distinguish from the power trading price DP during discharging calculated in step S20, the power trading price DP during discharging calculated in step S27 is referred to as "DP2" for explanation.

[0049] The control device 31 compares the power trading price CP during charging with the power trading price DP2 during discharging (step S28). If the power trading price CP during charging < the power trading price DP2 during discharging (Yes in step S28), the user can obtain a profit by discharging (selling electricity). However, when discharging (selling electricity), it is necessary to consider the user's desired price. Therefore, the control device 31 compares the selling electricity price setting value US1 with the power trading price DP2 during discharging (step S29). As a result, when the selling electricity price setting value US1 < the power trading price DP2 during discharging, that is, when electricity can be sold at a price higher than the user's desired price (Yes in step S29), the control device 31 controls the DAC battery 12 to discharge (step S30). Specifically, the control device 31 drives and controls the charge and discharge device 26 in the power control device 13 installed in the user-side battery system to discharge the DAC battery 12. The amount of discharged power at this time is the amount of discharged power that is the basis for setting the selling electricity price SP described in FIG. 10, and has nothing to do with the remaining amount of the DAC battery 12.

[0050] Also, when the selling electricity price setting value US1 ≥ the power trading price DP2 during discharging (No in step S29), the control device 31 compares the selling electricity price setting value US2 set lower than the selling electricity price setting value US1 with the power trading price DP2 during discharging (step S31). As a result, when the selling electricity price setting value US2 < the power trading price DP2 during discharging, that is, when electricity can be sold at a price higher than the user's second desired price (Yes in step 31), the control device 31 controls the DAC battery 12 to discharge (step S30). However, the user's profit is less than that in the case of Yes in step S29. When the selling electricity price setting value US2 ≥ the power trading price DP2 during discharging (No in step S31), the control device 31 determines that the user cannot obtain a profit and holds the discharge of the DAC battery 12.

[0051] On the other hand, in step S28, when the power trading price CP during charging ≥ the power trading price DP2 during discharging, the control device 31 determines that the user cannot obtain a profit and holds the discharge of the DAC battery 12 (step S33).

[0052] Note that the buying and selling of electric power associated with the charging and discharging of the storage battery are carried out between the user and a specific electric power trading business operator. Regarding the financial transactions between the user and the specific electric power trading business operator, including the selling price and the buying price of electric power, for example, virtual currency using blockchain technology or the like may be used.

[0053] Thus, according to the first embodiment, the charging and discharging operations of the DAC storage battery 12 are controlled so that the user can obtain a profit. In this case, if it is a stationary storage battery, for example, if it is programmed to charge at night when the market price is low and discharge during the day when the market price is high, a profit can be obtained. Also, for a portable storage battery such as the DAC storage battery mounted on an EV, in addition to the time difference, considering the charging / discharging location, if it is programmed to charge in an area where the market price is low and discharge in an area where the market price is high, a profit can be obtained. Such charging and discharging for the purpose of profit are automatically performed by this system without the user particularly being aware of it. Therefore, knowledge regarding power trading is not required, and anyone can obtain a profit as long as they use the DAC storage battery as a power source.

[0054] FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration when this system is applied to an EV. The EV 41 includes a DAC storage battery 42 and a power control device 43. The power control device 43 has the same functions as the power control device 13 shown in FIG. 2 and is connected to the system server 14 by wireless communication. The system server 14 (control device 31) acquires the position information of the EV 41 and controls the charging and discharging operations of the DAC storage battery 42 so that the user can obtain a profit according to the procedures shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 when the EV 41 is parked at the charging station 44. In this case, since the EV 41 can move between regions, a profit can be obtained by charging (buying power) in a region with a low price and discharging (selling power) in a region with a high price.

[0055] FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration when this system is applied to a mobile power supply vehicle. The mobile charging vehicle 51 is an EV that performs rapid charging for a fee to an EV with insufficient power. The mobile charging vehicle 51 is equipped with a DAC battery 52 and a power control device 53. The power control device 53 has the same functions as the power control device 13 shown in FIG. 2 and is connected to the system server 14 by wireless communication. Also, the EV 61 to be charged is equipped with a battery 62 and a power control device 63. The battery 62 may be a general battery or a DAC battery. The power control device 63 performs control to charge the battery 62 with the power supplied from the outside.

[0056] When the EV 61 runs out of power and stops, the mobile charging vehicle 51 goes to the stopping position of the EV 61 and supplies the required power. In this case, the user of the EV 61 will call the mobile charging vehicle 51 to charge instead of going to a charging station to charge. Therefore, the user of the mobile charging vehicle 51 will request the user of the EV 61 to pay the selling electricity price (market price) + α (service fee) due to the discharge from their own vehicle. The price of α varies depending on the power demand at that time. The higher the power demand, the higher the price of α.

[0057] Thus, when discharging from the DAC battery 52 of the mobile charging vehicle 51, as shown in FIG. 13, it is preferable to calculate the selling electricity price SP including the price of "power demand". When charging the DAC battery 52 of the mobile charging vehicle 51, regardless of the power demand, similar to a stationary battery, charge when there is a possibility of obtaining a profit by discharging (see step S25 in FIG. 8). On the other hand, from the perspective of the user of the EV 61 to be charged, since the price of the power demand is required during charging, it is necessary to calculate the buying electricity price BP including the price of the power demand.

[0058] Here, the purposes of energy storage of the EV-mounted battery and the stationary battery are different. The former is only an energy source for driving, and the EV user will charge even if the price is high in order to ensure the power required for driving.

[0059] When the purchase electricity price for charging the stationary battery is BPa, the purchase electricity price for charging a general EV is BPb, and the purchase electricity price for charging another EV from the mobile power supply vehicle (which is a selling electricity price from the perspective of the mobile power supply vehicle) is BPc, the following relationship holds. BPa < BPb < BPc The purchase electricity price BPc of the mobile power supply vehicle is the highest because a service fee according to the power demand is added.

[0060] Figure 14 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration when this system is applied to a ship. The ship 71 is equipped with a DAC battery 72 and a power control device 73. The power control device 73 is connected to the system server 14 by wireless communication. The system server 14 (control device 31) acquires the position information of the ship 71 and controls the charge and discharge operation of the DAC battery 72 so that the user can obtain benefits, for example, when the ship 71 is moored at the charge and discharge station 74. In this case, the price in the sea area where the charge and discharge station 74 is located is reflected in the purchase electricity price BP and the selling electricity price SP. Therefore, it is also possible to charge (purchase electricity) in a sea area with a low price and discharge (sell electricity) in a sea area with a high price.

[0061] Here, regarding ships, according to the current international maritime rules, the CO2 emissions are not counted. That is, there is no burden on the emission trading price ED2 (purchase price) for the CO2 emitted from the DAC battery 72 during navigation. When calculating the power trading price DP during discharge, it is not necessary to consider the emission trading price ED2 (purchase price) of CO2 (step S19 in Figure 7 can be omitted). That is, the selling electricity price SP can be calculated as the power trading price DP during discharge. Therefore, compared with other moving objects such as EVs, the power trading price DP (the amount received by the user) during discharge is higher, and a large profit from discharge (selling electricity) can be expected.

[0062] (Second Embodiment) Next, the second embodiment will be described. As a second embodiment, a configuration in the case where a charge / discharge system is linked to a navigation system generally used in an EV will be described. In the following, the EV will be described as an example, but other moving bodies such as electric ships may be used.

[0063] FIG. 15 is a diagram schematically showing the system configuration of the EV in the second embodiment. The EV 41 includes a charge / discharge system 40 and a navigation system 80. The charge / discharge system 40 includes a system server 14, a DAC battery 42, and a power control device 43. Since these configurations are the same as those in FIG. 11, the description thereof will be omitted here.

[0064] In the second embodiment, the charge / discharge system 40 (the control device 31 of the system server 14) has a function of identifying a charging spot that satisfies the condition of "charging power trading price CP < discharging power trading price DP" in step S24 on the driving route of the EV 41. Further, this charge / discharge system 40 has a function of identifying a discharging spot that satisfies the condition of "charging power trading price CP < discharging power trading price DP2" in step S28 on the driving route of the EV 41.

[0065] FIG. 16 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the navigation system. Since the navigation system is generally known, only the basic device configuration is simply shown here.

[0066] The navigation system 80 includes a control device 81, a communication device 82, a storage device 83, a display device 84, an input device 85, a GPS (global positioning system) 86, etc. The control device 81 is composed of a hardware processor including a CPU, and executes navigation processing including route search by reading a control program stored in the storage device 83. This control device 81 has a function of presenting the optimal route for the user to drive to the destination, and presenting charging spots / discharging spots together with the charging prediction amount / discharging prediction amount on that route (see FIG. 17).

[0067] The communication device 82 performs communication processing with the system server 14. In the storage device 83, various types of information necessary for the control device 81 are stored in addition to the map information of each region. The display device 84 is used as an in-vehicle monitor and displays a road map or the like. The input device 85 is used when the user inputs a destination or the like. The GPS 86 detects the current position of the EV 41 based on the GPS signal.

[0068] FIG. 17 is a diagram showing an example of a route display of the navigation system. The navigation system 80 (control device 81) displays a road map as shown in FIG. 17 on the display device 84 when the EV 41 is running. On this road map, a route R1 from the current position of the EV 41 to the user's destination is shown. On this route R1, the charging spots / discharging spots specified by the charge / discharge system 40 are presented together with the charging prediction amount / discharging prediction amount.

[0069] In the figure, CS1 and CS2 are charging spots, and DS1 and DS2 are discharging spots. The charging spot CS1 and the discharging spot DS1 represent spots where it is beneficial to charge / discharge when the EV 41 is traveling in region A. The charging spot CS2 and the discharging spot DS2 represent spots where it is beneficial to charge / discharge when the EV 41 is traveling in region B. Note that the charging spot is specifically an EV charging station, but this charging station may also serve as a discharging spot.

[0070] "〇〇KW" indicates the charging prediction amount, and "△KW" indicates the discharging prediction amount. The charging prediction amount and the discharging prediction amount are set by the navigation system 80 within a range that does not impede driving based on the relationship between the electric power amount (accumulation amount) Pa of the DAC battery 42 at the current location and the electric power amount Pb required for driving from the current location to the destination. Specifically, the charging prediction amount is set to be more than the amount obtained by subtracting the electric power amount Pa from the electric power amount Pb. The discharging prediction amount is set to be less than the amount obtained by subtracting the electric power amount Pb from the sum of the electric power amount Pa and the charging prediction amount.

[0071] If there are a large number of charging spots / discharging spots in other locations, the estimated charging amount / estimated discharging amount will be presented for each of these spots. In addition, if there are charging spots / discharging spots on a different route from the current location to the destination, these spots may be presented in a form different from the current route (such as changing the color) together with the estimated charging amount / estimated discharging amount.

[0072] As described above, according to the second embodiment, by cooperating with the navigation system, charging spots and discharging spots can be presented on the route from the current location to the destination. Therefore, if the user charges at a charging spot during driving and then discharges at a discharging spot, the user can obtain benefits by selling electricity during discharging.

[0073] In the second embodiment, the case of presenting both charging spots and discharging spots has been described as an example. However, only discharging spots may be presented together with the estimated discharging amount.

[0074] (Third Embodiment) Next, the third embodiment will be described. In the third embodiment, a configuration is assumed in which the charging and discharging of a moving body is performed using an in - motion charging and discharging system during driving. The in - motion charging and discharging system is a system that charges the moving body and receives the electricity discharged from the moving body through a power transmission / reception device arranged along the traveling route of the moving body. Hereinafter, an EV will be described as an example of the moving body, but other moving bodies such as electric trains may also be used.

[0075] FIG. 18 is a diagram showing the configuration of the in - motion charging and discharging system in the third embodiment. The EV 41 is equipped with a charging and discharging system 40 and a navigation system 80. As shown in FIG. 15, the charging and discharging system 40 includes a system server 14, a DAC battery 42, and a power control device 43. The navigation system 80 has a function of searching for the optimal route for the user to drive to the destination. The configuration of this navigation system 80 is the same as that in FIG. 16.

[0076] During travel, the charging and discharging system 90 performs wireless discharging / charging through the electromagnetic coupling action between a plurality of power transmission / reception pads 92a, 92b, 92c... arranged along the travel route 91 and the power transmission / reception pad 93 installed on the EV 41. The power transmission / reception pads 92a, 92b, 92c... are power transmitters and receivers installed on the travel route side. The power transmission / reception pads 92a, 92b, 92c... are connected to drive circuits 94a, 94b, 94c... and generate a magnetic field when facing the EV 41 to perform non-contact power transmission / reception. The power transmission / reception pad 93 is a power transmitter and a power feeder installed on the EV side. The power transmission / reception pad 93 is connected to the DAC battery 42 via the power control device 43 shown in FIG. 15.

[0077] For example, when the EV 41 is parked on the power transmission / reception pad 92a, power is sent from the power transmission / reception pad 92a to the EV 41. On the EV 41 side, the power from the power transmission / reception pad 92a is received by the power transmission / reception pad 93 and stored in the DAC battery 42. Conversely, the power discharged from the DAC battery 42 is received by the power transmission / reception pad 92a.

[0078] Note that the example in FIG. 18 shows a configuration in which wireless power transmission / reception is performed by electromagnetic coupling when the moving body is stopped. However, a configuration in which power transmission / reception is performed in contact during travel, such as a pantograph of a train, may also be used.

[0079] In the third embodiment, the charging and discharging system 40 (the control device 31 of the system server 14) has a function of identifying a discharging section on the travel route of the EV 41 that satisfies the condition of "the power trading price CP during charging < the power trading price DP2 during discharging" in step S28. The navigation system 80 (the control device 81) has a function of presenting the optimal route for the user to travel to the destination and presenting the discharging section on that route together with the discharging prediction amount (see FIG. 19).

[0080] FIG. 19 is a diagram showing an example of the route display of the navigation system in the in-travel charging and discharging system. The navigation system 80 (control device 81) displays a road map as shown in Fig. 19 on the display device 84 when the EV41 is running. This road map shows a route R2 from the current position of the EV41 to the user's destination. On this route R2, the discharge section specified by the charge and discharge system 40 is presented together with the estimated discharge amount.

[0081] DI in the figure indicates the discharge section. This discharge section D1 represents a section where it is beneficial for the EV41 to discharge while running on the running route 91 of the in-running charge and discharge system shown in Fig. 18. "△KW" indicates the estimated discharge amount. The estimated discharge amount is obtained by the navigation system 80 within a range that does not hinder running from the relationship between the power amount (accumulated amount) Pa of the DAC battery 42 at the current location and the power amount required for running from the current location to the destination (required power amount for running) Pb. Specifically, the estimated discharge amount is set to be less than the amount obtained by subtracting the power amount Pb from the sum of the power amount Pa and the estimated charge amount. In this case, for the estimated charge amount, the estimated discharge amount may be set assuming a certain amount of charging before reaching the destination, or the estimated discharge amount may be set assuming no charging planned.

[0082] If there are many other discharge spots, the estimated discharge amount is presented for each of these spots. In addition, if there are discharge spots on another route from the current location to the destination, these spots may be presented in a form different from the current route (such as changing the color) together with the estimated discharge amount.

[0083] Thus, according to the third embodiment, even when using an in-running charge and discharge system that can be charged and discharged while the moving body is running, by cooperating with the navigation system, the discharge section can be presented on the route from the current location to the destination. Therefore, if the user checks the discharge section during running and discharges there, they can obtain benefits from selling electricity during discharge.

[0084] In the third embodiment, the case of presenting only the discharge period has been described as an example. However, similar to the second embodiment, the charging period may also be specified and the charging period may be presented together with the estimated charging amount. In this case, the estimated charging amount is set to be larger than the amount obtained by subtracting the power amount Pa from the power amount Pb. The power amount Pb is the power amount required for traveling from the current location to the destination, and the power amount Pa is the power amount (accumulated amount) of the DAC battery 42 at the current location.

[0085] According to at least one of the embodiments described above, it is possible to provide a charge / discharge system and a moving body that can efficiently charge and discharge a battery to obtain a profit.

[0086] Although some embodiments of the present invention have been described, these embodiments are presented as examples and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. These novel embodiments can be implemented in various other forms, and various omissions, replacements, and changes can be made without departing from the gist of the invention. These embodiments and their modifications are included in the scope and gist of the invention, and are included in the invention described in the claims and its equivalent scope.

Explanation of Reference Numerals

[0087] 10... Charge / discharge system, 11a, 11b, 11c... Battery system, 12a, 12b, 12c... DAC battery, 13a, 13b, 13c... Power control device, 14... System server, 21... Control device, 22... Storage device, 23... Communication unit, 24... Input device, 25... Display device, 26... Charge / discharge device, 27... Target device, 31... Control device, 32... Communication device, 33... Storage device, 34... First database, 35... Second database, 41... EV, 51... Mobile power supply vehicle, 61... EV, 71... Ship, 80... Navigation system, 90... In-motion charge / discharge system, 91... Travel route, 92a, 92b, 92c... Power transmission / reception pad, 93... Power transmission / reception pad, 94a, 94b, 94c... Drive circuit.

Claims

1. A rechargeable battery that absorbs CO₂ during charging and releases CO₂ during discharging, and a control device that controls the charging and discharging operations of the rechargeable battery, wherein the control device calculates the power trading price during charging based on at least the amount of charging power, the purchase power price determined by the charging timing, and the first emission rights trading price corresponding to the amount of CO₂ absorption corresponding to the charging power amount, calculates the power trading price during discharging based on at least the amount of discharging power, the selling power price determined by the discharging timing, and the second emission rights trading price corresponding to the amount of CO₂ emission corresponding to the discharging power amount, controls the charging and discharging operations of the rechargeable battery to charge and discharge when the power trading price during charging is lower than the power trading price during discharging, a charge-discharge system.

2. The purchase power price is further determined by the charging location, The selling power price is further determined by the discharging location, The charge-discharge system according to Claim 1.

3. The purchase power price is further determined by the power demand, The selling power price is further determined by the power demand, The charge-discharge system according to Claim 1 or 2.

4. The control device calculates the price obtained by subtracting the first emission rights trading price from the purchase power price as the power trading price during charging, calculates the price obtained by subtracting the second emission rights trading price from the selling power price as the power trading price during discharging, The charge-discharge system according to Claim 1.

5. The control device when the rechargeable battery is used on a ship, calculates the selling power price as the power trading price during discharging, The charge-discharge system according to Claim 1.

6. A navigation system that searches for a route from the current location to the destination and the charge-discharge system according to Claim 2, wherein the charge-discharge system identifies a discharge spot where the power trading price during charging is lower than the power trading price during discharging on the route, and the navigation system presents the discharge spot together with the estimated discharge amount, a moving body.

7. The charge-discharge system further identifies a charging spot where the power trading price during charging is lower than the power trading price during discharging on the route, and the navigation system further presents the charging spot together with the estimated charging amount, The moving body according to Claim 6.

8. The estimated discharge amount is It is set to be less than the amount obtained by subtracting the power required for traveling from the current location to the destination from the sum of the remaining amount of the storage battery at the current location and the planned charging amount. The planned charging amount is set to be more than the amount obtained by subtracting the remaining amount of the storage battery at the current location from the power required for traveling from the current location to the destination. The moving body according to claim 7.

9. A moving body capable of charging and discharging while traveling through a power transmitter / receiver provided on a traveling road, comprising a navigation system that searches for a route from the current location to the destination and the charge / discharge system according to claim 2, wherein the charge / discharge system identifies a discharge section where the power trading price during charging on the route is lower than the power trading price during discharging, and the navigation system presents the discharge section together with the planned discharge amount. Moving body.

10. The charge / discharge system further identifies a charging section where the power trading price during charging on the route is lower than the power trading price during discharging, and the navigation system further presents the charging section together with the planned charging amount. The moving body according to claim 9.

11. The planned discharge amount is set to be less than the amount obtained by subtracting the power required for traveling from the current location to the destination from the sum of the remaining amount of the storage battery at the current location and the planned charging amount. The planned charging amount is set to be more than the amount obtained by subtracting the remaining amount of the storage battery at the current location from the power required for traveling from the current location to the destination. The moving body according to claim 10.

12. The control device is connected via a communication network to a power control device that controls the power of the storage battery, comprises first trading price calculation means for calculating the power trading price during charging, second trading price calculation means for calculating the power trading price during discharging, and charge / discharge control means for controlling the charge / discharge operation of the storage battery based on the power trading price during charging and the power trading price during discharging. The charge / discharge system according to claim 1.

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