Liquid antipathogenic agricultural composition

Abstract

Provided is a stable, safe, synergistic liquid antipathogenic agricultural composition, typically for use as an insecticide, fungicide, nematicide, and / or acaricide, characterized by a high flash point and epicuticular wax compatibility. The composition is typically used in foliar applications and / or irrigation systems. The liquid antipathogenic agricultural composition comprises an alkyl(C 12 ~C 16 at least one alkyl (C1-C8) ester of a) acid; at least one anionic surfactant; and at least one nonionic surfactant. Also provided are methods for preparing one or more anti-pathogenic compositions and the use of the compositions (in diluted form) as treatments applied to crops, trees, fruits, vegetables, leaves, stems, roots, seeds, flowers, animals, equipment, livestock farms, feedlots, barns, animal rearing units, farm buildings, or storage areas to control pathogens.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] Field of Disclosure The present disclosure relates to antipathogenic agricultural compositions, preferably liquids, which may be provided in concentrate or diluted form. In particular, the present disclosure relates to liquid antipathogenic agricultural compositions having a flash point above about 100°C. The compositions typically comprise an alkyl (C 12 ~C 16 at least one alkyl(C1-C8) ester of an alkyl(C1-C8) acid, an anionic surfactant, and a nonionic surfactant, 16 At least one alkyl (C1-C8) ester of the ) acid is safe for human and / or animal use. [Background technology]

[0002] Background to the disclosure Commercial farming of plant crops and livestock can be highly susceptible to disease-causing pathogens, which, if left uncontrolled, can lead to food shortages (by killing crops and / or livestock) and / or pose health risks to consumers. Pathogens can be microorganisms and typically include, but are not limited to, fungi, bacteria, and viruses. Pathogens often thrive due to improper farming and / or livestock practices and / or environmental factors, such as high temperature and humidity, that promote rapid microbial growth. Providing effective pathogen control in agriculture and livestock farming is essential to ensuring continued food security. Effective pathogen control is hindered by increasing resistance to common control measures or treatments using conventional bactericides or fungicides. Such bactericide and / or fungicide resistance poses significant challenges in controlling and / or treating and / or removing pathogens from agricultural products.

[0003] Similarly, due to improper agricultural practices, insects and / or other pests often pose major problems and / or health risks. Some insects and / or pests are also known to move from wild environments into cultivated areas, and typical control measures are hindered by resistance developed from genetic mutations. In cultivated areas, these insects and / or other pests often have no natural enemies, making it difficult to control their populations.

[0004] Also, in recent years, there has been a movement to provide environmentally friendly agricultural compositions that can control and / or treat and / or reduce and / or eliminate pathogen populations from plant crops and animals. Consumers are becoming more conscious of purchasing food that has been raised, cultivated or produced in an environmentally friendly manner, typically by utilizing organic and / or biodegradable and / or human and animal safe products. Therefore, there has been a need for farmers and the agrochemical sector to develop environmentally friendly agricultural compositions that are stable and provide anti-pathogenicity when administered to seeds and / or plants and / or animals, or parts thereof. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] There remains a need to provide new and innovative agricultural compositions for controlling pathogen populations and / or to control and / or treat diseases caused by said pathogens. Broadly, there remains a need to at least ameliorate the known shortcomings in the prior art. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] Disclosure Overview Broadly, according to a first aspect of the disclosure, (C 12 ~C 16 ) at least one (C1-C8) alkyl ester of an alkyl acid; at least one anionic surfactant; at least one nonionic surfactant; A liquid anti-pathogenic agricultural composition comprising: the liquid anti-pathogenic agricultural composition has a flash point greater than about 100°C; Alkyl (C 12 ~C 16 At least one alkyl (C1-C8) ester of a) acid has a paraffin wax dissolving ability of about 2% by weight to about 20% by weight at 25°C; A liquid anti-pathogenic agricultural composition is provided.

[0007] The antipathogenic agricultural composition may provide a fungicide, a bactericide, an insecticide, an acaricide, a nematicide, a pesticide, or a combination thereof. Typically, the antipathogenic agricultural composition may provide a bactericide and an insecticide. The pathogen may include, but is not limited to, a group including Aspergillus niger, Botrytis cinereal, Colletotrichum fioriniae, Fusarium moniliforme, Fusarium oxysporum, Macrophomina phaseolina, Verticillium dahlia, and Xanthomonas arboricola pv. Juglandis.

[0008] It should be understood that the antipathogenic agricultural composition may be in concentrate form to provide a liquid concentrate antipathogenic agricultural composition. The liquid concentrate antipathogenic agricultural composition may be diluted with water and / or other solvents to provide a diluted liquid antipathogenic agricultural composition. The liquid concentrate antipathogenic agricultural composition may be formulated as an emulsifiable or microemulsified concentrate.

[0009] The term "microemulsified" as used herein refers to a dispersion made with water and / or oil and / or surfactant that is an isotropic and thermodynamically stable system. The liquid concentrate antipathogenic agricultural composition (preferably the liquid concentrate fungicide and insecticide agricultural composition) can be diluted for use in water or other chemicals, such as solutions of water, glycols and alcohols or other water-miscible liquids, such as methanol, ethanol, monoethylene glycol, propylene glycol, etc., to provide a diluted liquid antipathogenic agricultural composition.

[0010] Alkyl (C 12 ~C 16 The at least one alkyl (C1-C8) ester of a ) acid may be selected from the group including, but not limited to, natural or synthetic, straight chain or branched, saturated or unsaturated, modified or unmodified, and the alkyl ester may be a compound selected from the group including, but not limited to, methyl ester, ethyl ester, propyl ester, butyl ester, isopropyl ester, isobutyl ester, isopentyl ester, 2-ethylhexyl ester, or components or combinations thereof.

[0011] Alkyl (C 12 ~C 16 The at least one alkyl (C1-C8) ester of a hydroxycarboxylic acid may be derived from an alkyl acid selected from the group including, but not limited to, lauric acid, tridecylic acid, myristic acid, pentadecanoic acid, palmitic acid, and combinations thereof.

[0012] Alkyl (C 12 ~C 16 The at least one alkyl (C1-C8) ester of alkyl (C1-C8) acid may be selected from the group including, but not limited to, isobutyl laurate, isopentyl laurate, methyl laurate, 2-ethylhexyl laurate, 2-ethylhexyl palmitate, isopropyl laurate, isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, and combinations thereof. In a preferred embodiment, the at least one alkyl (C1-C8) ester of alkyl (C1-C8) acid may be selected from the group including, but not limited to, isobutyl laurate, isopentyl laurate, methyl laurate, 2-ethylhexyl laurate, 2-ethylhexyl palmitate, isopropyl laurate, isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, and combinations thereof. 12 ~C16 The at least one alkyl (C1-C8) ester of a ) acid may be isopropyl myristate and / or isopropyl laurate.

[0013] The at least one anionic surfactant may be, but is not limited to, (C6 to C 18 ) Alkylbenzenesulfonate, calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, amines (C6-C 18 ) Alkylbenzene sulfonate, Triethanolamine dodecylbenzene sulfonate, (C6-C 18 ) Alkyl ether sulfate, (C6-C 18 ) Alkyl ethoxylated ether sulfate, (C6-C 18 ) Alkyl sulfate, lauryl ether polyethoxylated sodium sulfate, (C6-C 18 ) Alkyl phosphate esters, (C6-C 18 ) Alkoxylated sulfates, (C6-C 18 ) alkoxylated phosphate esters, xylene sulfonate salts, cumene sulfonate salts, and combinations thereof.

[0014] The at least one nonionic surfactant may be, but is not limited to, natural and / or synthetic (C8-C9 22 ) alkoxylated fatty alcohols, (C8-C 22 ) Ethoxylated fatty alcohols, (C8-C 22 ) Propoxylated fatty alcohols, (C8-C 22 ) Ethoxylated and propoxylated fatty alcohols, linear (C4-C 10 ) Alkyl (poly)glycosides, branched chain (C4-C 10) alkyl (poly)glycosides; and alkoxylated sorbitan fatty esters, alkoxylated sorbitol fatty esters, ethoxylated sorbitan fatty esters, ethoxylated sorbitol fatty esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monopalmitate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate, and combinations thereof.

[0015] The ethoxylated fatty alcohols of fatty acids may have a degree of ethoxylation of 1 to 50, more preferably 2 to 30, and most preferably 3 to 10.

[0016] Some alkoxylated alcohols contemplated for use are branched alcohols, such as Guerbet alcohols, e.g., 2-propylheptanol and 2-ethylhexanol, and C 10 ~Oxo~alcohol or C 13 Oxo-alcohol, i.e., the main component is at least one branched C 10 ~Alcohol or C 13 -Alcohol mixtures formed by alcohols, as well as those based on alcohols commercially available from Exxon Mobile Chemicals as Exxal alcohols and from Shell Chemicals as Neodol alcohols.

[0017] The liquid concentrate anti-pathogenic agricultural composition may further comprise additives selected from the group including, but not limited to, preservatives, clarifying agents, antifreeze agents, hydrotropes, stabilizers, antioxidants, acidifying agents, chelating agents, complexing agents, dyes, rheology modifiers, antifoaming agents, anti-drift agents and water, oil, terpene, terpene-containing oil, or other solvents, and combinations thereof.

[0018] In certain embodiments of the liquid concentrate antipathogenic agricultural composition (preferably the liquid concentrate fungicide and insecticide agricultural composition), alkyl (C 12 ~C 16The at least one alkyl (C1-C8) ester of a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acid may be present in an amount of about 0.1% to about 30% by weight, the at least one anionic surfactant may be present in an amount of about 1% to about 50% by weight, and the at least one nonionic surfactant may be present in an amount of about 1% to about 50% by weight. It should be understood that the liquid concentrate antipathogenic agricultural composition may be further diluted with water or other solvent to provide a diluted liquid antipathogenic agricultural composition.

[0019] In another embodiment of the liquid concentrate antipathogenic agricultural composition (preferably the liquid concentrate fungicide and insecticide agricultural composition), alkyl (C 12 ~C 16 The at least one alkyl (C1-C8) ester of a methyl acrylate acid may be present in an amount of about 0.1% to about 20% by weight, preferably about 2% to about 15% by weight, the at least one anionic surfactant may be present in an amount of about 3% to about 20% by weight, and the at least one nonionic surfactant is present in an amount of about 5% to about 30% by weight. It should be understood that the liquid concentrate antipathogenic agricultural composition may be further diluted with water or other solvent to provide a diluted liquid antipathogenic agricultural composition.

[0020] Liquid concentrate antipathogenic agricultural compositions (preferably liquid concentrate fungicide and insecticide agricultural compositions) typically comprise liquid agricultural fungicides and insecticides containing from about 0.1 to about 20% by weight of alkyl(C 12 ~C 16 and at least one alkyl (C1-C8) ester of a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (C1-C8) acid; about 1 to about 50% by weight of at least one anionic surfactant; about 1 to about 50% by weight of at least one nonionic surfactant; and about 2 to about 80% by weight of water and / or other additives. This embodiment may still be a composition in concentrate form. Further dilution with water or other chemicals may provide a diluted liquid antipathogenic agricultural composition.

[0021] In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, alkyl (C 12 ~C 16 a liquid concentrate fungicide and insecticide agricultural composition is provided, comprising: at least one alkyl (C1-C8) ester of a methyl methyl acrylate (MMA) acid; at least one anionic surfactant present in an amount of about 3% to about 20% by weight; and at least one nonionic surfactant present in an amount of about 5% to about 30% by weight; Alkyl (C 12 ~C 16 at least one alkyl (C1-C8) ester of hydroxypropyl laurate, hydroxypropyl laurate, hydroxypropyl laurate, hydroxypropyl palmitate, hydroxypropyl laurate, hydroxypropyl myristate, hydroxypropyl palmitate, and combinations thereof; The at least one anionic surfactant may be, but is not limited to, (C6 to C 18 ) Alkylbenzenesulfonate, calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, amines (C6-C 18 ) Alkylbenzene sulfonate, Triethanolamine dodecylbenzene sulfonate, (C6-C 18 ) Alkyl ether sulfate, (C6-C 18 ) Alkyl ethoxylated ether sulfate, (C6-C 18 ) Alkyl sulfate, lauryl ether polyethoxylated sodium sulfate, (C6-C 18 ) Alkyl phosphate esters, (C6-C 18 ) Alkoxylated sulfates, (C6-C 18 ) selected from the group including alkoxylated phosphate esters, xylene sulfonate salts, cumene sulfonate salts, and combinations thereof; The at least one nonionic surfactant may be, but is not limited to, (C8 to C 22 ) alkoxylated fatty alcohols, (C8-C 22) Ethoxylated fatty alcohols, (C8-C 22 ) Propoxylated fatty alcohols, (C8-C 22 ) Ethoxylated and propoxylated fatty alcohols, linear (C4-C 10 ) Alkyl (poly)glycosides, branched chain (C4-C 10 ) alkyl (poly)glycosides; and selected from the group comprising alkoxylated sorbitan fatty esters, alkoxylated sorbitol fatty esters, ethoxylated sorbitan fatty esters, ethoxylated sorbitol fatty esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monopalmitate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate, and combinations thereof.

[0022] An exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure is one in which the composition contains from about 0.1% to about 20% by weight of alkyl(C 12 ~C 16 and at least one alkyl (C1-C8) ester of a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (C1-C8) acid; about 1% to about 50% by weight of at least one anionic surfactant; about 1% to about 50% by weight of at least one nonionic surfactant; and about 2% to about 80% by weight of water and / or other additives. This embodiment may still be a composition in concentrate form. Further dilution with water or other chemicals may provide a diluted liquid antipathogenic agricultural composition.

[0023] The additive may be at least one selected from the group including, but not limited to, preservatives, clarifying agents, antifreeze agents, hydrotropes, stabilizers, antioxidants, acidifying agents, chelating agents, complexing agents, dyes, rheology modifiers, antifoaming agents, anti-drift agents, and water, oil or other solvents, and combinations thereof.

[0024] The oils may be natural compounds modified by esterification or transesterification, such as alkyl fatty acid esters, e.g., methyl esters, ethyl esters, propyl esters, butyl esters, 2-ethylhexyl esters or dodecyl esters, and preferably glycol or glycerol fatty acids, e.g., (C 10 ~C 22 ) Fatty acid esters, such as those from vegetable oils, preferably oil-producing plant species, such as soybean, corn, sunflower, rapeseed, cottonseed, linseed, palm, safflower, coconut, castor, olive, canola oil, among others, mixed with essential or edible oils extracted from various plants or plant parts, such as trees, shrubs, leaves, flowers, grasses, fluids, herbs, fruits and seeds, either pure or in combination with one or more oils, or mixed with each other.

[0025] The liquid concentrate antipathogenic agricultural composition may have a flash point of greater than about 100°C as measured in a closed cup device, and may contain alkyl (C 12 ~C 16 The at least one alkyl (C1-C8) ester of a) acid may have a dissolving capacity of at least 2% by weight of paraffin wax (CAS No. 8002-74-2) at 25°C, and the emulsifiable or microemulsifiable liquid concentrate antipathogenic agricultural composition may be diluted to be applied in a tank mix or irrigation system mixed with water or other chemicals in a ratio of 1:5000 to 1:10 to provide a diluted liquid antipathogenic agricultural composition applied by air-assisted sprayers, conventional sprayers, ultra-low volume equipment such as aerial spraying, electrostatic spraying, fogger and mist spray equipment, and chemigation systems such as pivot and sprinklers.

[0026] The liquid concentrate antipathogenic agricultural composition according to the first aspect of the present disclosure provides a stable emulsifiable or microemulsifiable liquid with a high flash point (above about 100°C) and epicuticular wax compatibility that promotes bioefficacy for use in industrial, turf, ornamental, horticultural, and agricultural endeavors. The antipathogenic composition is safe for humans and / or animals. The liquid concentrate antipathogenic agricultural composition, particularly when used as a diluted liquid antipathogenic agricultural composition, provides improved penetration of active ingredients (including additional fungicides and insecticides) through the epicuticle of target crops or pests. This is the unique chemical formulation of the present disclosure that provides a stable emulsifiable or microemulsifiable liquid when applied or used, which is advantageous to end users.

[0027] According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method for diluting a liquid anti-pathogenic agricultural composition according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, comprising the steps of: A method is provided, comprising diluting the liquid concentrate antipathogenic agricultural composition according to the first aspect of the present disclosure with water at a weight ratio of about 1:5000 to about 1:10 of the liquid concentrate antipathogenic agricultural composition to water to produce a diluted liquid antipathogenic agricultural composition. The diluted liquid antipathogenic agricultural composition may be provided as a stable diluted emulsion and / or microemulsion. It should be understood that the water may further comprise at least one agricultural chemical compound selected from the group including, but not limited to, adjuvants, insecticides, fungicides, acaricides, nutrients, miticides, bactericides, biocides, ovicides, nematicides, insect growth regulators, plant growth regulators, and combinations thereof.

[0028] According to a third aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a liquid antipathogenic agricultural composition (in concentrate and / or diluted form) of the first aspect of the present disclosure as described herein above, for use in controlling pathogens and / or treating diseases caused by said pathogens.

[0029] According to a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method for controlling and / or treating a pathogen and / or a disease caused by said pathogen, the method comprising applying on or near a plant or seed the liquid antipathogenic agricultural composition of the first aspect of the present disclosure as described herein above.

[0030] A method of providing a diluted liquid anti-pathogenic agricultural composition, wherein the liquid anti-pathogenic agricultural composition is a liquid concentrate anti-pathogenic agricultural composition, which may be a stable diluted emulsion or microemulsion that is diluted in at least one of the group including, but not limited to, a mixing tank, a spray tank, a container, or an in-line irrigation system to promote rain resistance, for example, by the wax-dissolving ability of the adjuvant, accelerated uptake into plants, or by interaction with disease-causing insects or fungi or other pathogens.

[0031] The method may involve applying the stable diluted emulsion and / or microemulsion to at least one member of the group including, but not limited to, plants, weeds, seeds, soil, urban spaces, and forests with equipment selected from the group including, but not limited to, air-assisted sprayers, conventional sprayers, aerial spraying, electrostatic spraying, ultra-low volume equipment such as foggers and mist spraying equipment, chemigation systems, pivots, sprinklers, and combinations thereof. The present disclosure also extends to the use of liquid agricultural fungicides and insecticides. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0032] [Figure 1] 1 is a graph showing the percentage inhibition of Aspergillus niger after exposure to (or treatment with) compositions of the present disclosure and other compounds. [Figure 2] 1 is a graph showing the percentage inhibition of Botrytis cinerea after exposure to (or treatment with) compositions of the present disclosure and other compounds. [Figure 3]1 is a graph showing the percentage inhibition of Colletotrichum fioriniae after exposure to (or treatment with) compositions of the present disclosure and other compounds. [Figure 4] 1 is a graph showing the percentage inhibition of Fusarium moniliforme after exposure to (or treatment with) compositions of the present disclosure and other compounds. [Figure 5] 1 is a graph showing the percentage inhibition of Fusarium oxysporum after exposure to (or treatment with) compositions of the present disclosure and other compounds. [Figure 6] 1 is a graph showing the percentage inhibition of Macrophomina phaseolina after exposure to (or treatment with) compositions of the present disclosure and other compounds. [Figure 7] 1 is a graph showing the percentage inhibition of Verticillium dahlia after exposure to (or treatment with) compositions of the present disclosure and other compounds. [Figure 8] 1 is a graph showing the percentage inhibition of Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis after exposure to (or treatment with) compositions of the present disclosure and other compounds. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0033] Detailed Description of Disclosure The contents of the Summary of the Disclosure are repeated herein for reference purposes to avoid repetition. Generally, stable emulsifiable and / or microemulsified liquid fungicides and insecticides (in concentrate and diluted forms) with high flash points above about 100°C are provided, with epicuticular wax compatibility to promote bioefficacy and provide improved penetration of active ingredients (nutrients, pesticides, etc.) through the epicuticle of target crops or pests. A higher flash point is advantageous because it limits the amount of chemicals (active ingredients, adjuvants, surfactants, etc.) that can evaporate from the plant surface. In many cases, improving one physicochemical property (e.g., increasing the flash point) can adversely affect another physicochemical property (e.g., stability, solubility, volatility, dispersibility, viscosity, particle size, efficacy, etc.). Applicant has surprisingly found that the disclosure described herein provides stable emulsifiable and / or microemulsified liquid antipathogenic agricultural compositions that exceed industry standards.

[0034] In general, a first aspect of the present disclosure provides a cycloalkyl group comprising an alkyl (C 12 ~C 16 The present invention provides a liquid anti-pathogenic (preferably fungicide and insecticide) agricultural composition (in concentrate form) comprising at least one alkyl (C1-C8) ester of alkyl (C) acid; at least one anionic surfactant; and at least one nonionic surfactant. The composition has a flash point above about 100°C and is 12 ~C 16 At least one alkyl (C1-C8) ester of a ) acid has a dissolving capacity of 2% to 20% by weight of paraffin wax (CAS No. 8002-74-2) at 25° C. The concentrate composition can be diluted with water or other solvent to provide a diluted liquid antipathogenic agricultural composition that is typically applied to plants or parts thereof in agriculture.

[0035] The present disclosure extends to methods of making the liquid anti-pathogenic agricultural composition according to the first aspect and methods of use, typically in agricultural endeavors.

[0036] definition The term "adjuvant," as used herein, is a broad term and is to be given its ordinary and accustomed meaning to those skilled in the art (and is not limited to any particular or special meaning), and refers, without limitation, to an agent used to modulate the effect of other agents, and more specifically to enhance the effectiveness of pesticides, such as herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, and other agents. The term "stable," as used herein, is a broad term associated with or related to the term "emulsion" and is given its ordinary and customary meaning to those skilled in the art (and is not limited to any specific or special meaning). It refers, without limitation, to emulsion stability, i.e., the ability of an emulsion to resist changes in its properties over time, such that the size of the droplets in the emulsion does not change significantly over time, more specifically, during application to a target mixed with water, and is thus given its ordinary and customary meaning to those skilled in the art. The term "stable," as used herein, is a broad term associated with or related to the term "accelerated storage stability," and means that a formulation maintains similar performance in terms of physicochemical properties after samples are stored for 15 days at at least three conditions: room temperature (approximately 20°C), low temperature (0°C or 5°C), and high temperature (54°C). Storage stability testing was performed according to the CIPAC MT 36 method.

[0037] The term "solvent", as used herein, is a broad term and is to be given its ordinary and accustomed meaning to those skilled in the art (and is not limited to any specific or particular meaning), and refers to compounds that may be polar or non-polar, straight-chain or branched, cyclic or aliphatic, aromatic, naphthenic, and that possess some characteristic of solubility in other compounds or means, including, but not limited to, alcohols, esters, diesters, ketones, acetates, terpenes, sulfoxides, glycols, paraffins, hydrocarbons, anhydrides, heterocyclics, among others.

[0038] When a group is described as "optionally substituted," the group can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more of the indicated substituents. Similarly, when a group is described as "unsubstituted or substituted" and is substituted, the substituents can be selected from one or more of the indicated substituents. When no substituents are specified, the specified "optionally substituted" or "substituted" group can be any of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclyl, aralkyl, heteroaralkyl, (heteroalicyclyl)alkyl, hydroxy, protected hydroxyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, acyl, mercapto, alkylthio, arylthio, cyano, halogen, thiocarbonyl, O-carbamyl, N-carbamyl, O-thiocarbamyl, N- It means that the amino group may be optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from thiocarbamyl, C-amido, N-amido, S-sulfonamido, N-sulfonamido, C-carboxy, protected C-carboxy, O-carboxy, isocyanato, thiocyanato, isothiocyanato, nitro, silyl, sulfenyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, trihalomethanesulfonyl, trihalomethanesulfonamido, amino, monosubstituted amino, and disubstituted amino groups, and protected derivatives thereof.

[0039] The term "alkyl," as used herein, is a broad term and is to be given its ordinary and accustomed meaning to those of ordinary skill in the art (and is not limited to a specific or particular meaning), and refers, without limitation, to a straight-chain or branched, acyclic or cyclic, unsaturated or saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon containing 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36 or more carbon atoms; the term "lower alkyl" has the same meaning as alkyl, but containing 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 carbon atoms. Representative saturated straight chain alkyls include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, etc., while saturated branched alkyls include isopropyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, isopentyl, etc. Unsaturated alkyls contain at least one double or triple bond between adjacent carbon atoms (referred to as "alkenyl" or "alkynyl," respectively). Representative straight chain and branched alkenyls include ethylenyl, propylenyl, 1-butenyl, 2-butenyl, isobutylenyl, 1-pentenyl, 2-pentenyl, 3-methyl-1-butenyl, 2-methyl-2-butenyl, 2,3-dimethyl-2-butenyl, etc., while representative straight chain and branched alkynyls include acetylenyl, propynyl, 1-butynyl, 2-butynyl, 1-pentynyl, 2-pentynyl, 3-methyl-1-butynyl, etc. Typical alkyl groups include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl, nonadecyl, eicosyl, heneicosyl, docosyl, tricosyl, tetracosyl, pentacosyl, hexacosyl, heptacosyl, octacosyl, nonacosyl, triacontyl, henatetriacontyl, dotriacontyl, tritriacontyl, tetratriacontyl, pentatriacontanyl, and hexatriacontane.The alkyl group may be substituted or unsubstituted.

[0040] The term "alkoxy," as used herein, is a broad term and is to be given the ordinary and accustomed meaning to those of ordinary skill in the art (and is not limited to any specific or particular meaning), and refers, without limitation, to an alkyl moiety attached through an oxygen bridge (i.e., --O-alkyl), e.g., methoxy, ethoxy, and the like.

[0041] The term "thioalkyl," as used herein, is a broad term and is to be given the ordinary and accustomed meaning to those of skill in the art (and is not limited to any specific or particular meaning), and refers, without limitation, to an alkyl moiety attached through a sulfur bridge (i.e., -S-alkyl), e.g., methylthio, ethylthio, and the like.

[0042] The term "alcohol," as used herein, is a broad term and is to be given its ordinary and accustomed meaning to those of skill in the art (and is not limited to any specific or particular meaning), and refers, without limitation, to any compound described herein that incorporates one or more hydroxy groups or is substituted with or functionalized to include one or more hydroxy groups.

[0043] The term "ester," as used herein, is a broad term and is given its ordinary and accustomed meaning to those of skill in the art (and is not limited to any specific or particular meaning), and refers to any compound described herein that incorporates, or is substituted with or functionalized to include, one or more ester groups, such as, without limitation, monoesters, diesters, triesters, or polyesters. Esters include, but are not limited to, fatty acid esters.

[0044] The term "acetate," as used herein, is a broad term and is to be given its ordinary and accustomed meaning to those of skill in the art (and is not limited to any specific or particular meaning), and refers, without limitation, to any compound described herein that incorporates one or more acetate groups, e.g., a salt, ester, or other compound incorporating a CHCOO~ moiety.

[0045] The term "terpene," as used herein, is a broad term and is to be given its ordinary and customary meaning to those skilled in the art (and is not limited to any specific or particular meaning), and refers, without limitation, to any compound derived from the resin of a plant, such as a conifer, or a synthetically produced compound having the same structure as a plant-derived terpene. Terpenes can include hydrocarbons and terpenoids containing additional functional groups, as well as essential oils. Terpenes can be any compound of the formula (C5H8) n where n is the number of linked isoprene units (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more).

[0046] The term "terpene-containing natural oil," as used herein, is a broad term and is to be given its ordinary and accustomed meaning to those skilled in the art (and is not limited to any particular or special meaning), and refers, without limitation, to natural oils containing at least 50% terpenes selected from the group consisting of orange oil, grapefruit oil, lemon oil, lime oil, tangerine oil, and pine oil, or components thereof.

[0047] The term "sulfoxide," as used herein, is a broad term and is given its ordinary and accustomed meaning to those of ordinary skill in the art (and is not limited to any specific or particular meaning), and refers, without limitation, to any compound described herein that incorporates, or is substituted with or functionalized to include, one or more sulfinyl (SO) groups.

[0048] The term "glycol", as used herein, is a broad term and is to be given its ordinary and accustomed meaning to those skilled in the art (and is not limited to any specific or particular meaning), and includes diols, such as polyalkylene glycols, e.g., polyethylene glycols (formula H(OCHCH) n The copolymer may include polymers having OH (where n is greater than 3), polypropylene glycol, or glycols incorporating monomers containing longer hydrocarbon chains.

[0049] The term "paraffin," as used herein, is a broad term and is to be given its ordinary and accustomed meaning to those skilled in the art (and is not limited to any particular or special meaning), and refers, without limitation, to heavier alkanes, e.g., alkanes that form liquids or waxes at room temperature, and functionalized paraffins, e.g., chlorinated paraffins, as well as mineral or synthetic oils, including hydrocarbons. Room temperature, as used herein, refers to ambient conditions, e.g., in a temperature and humidity controlled building, e.g., approximately 20°C.

[0050] The term "hydrocarbon," as used herein, is a broad term and is to be given its ordinary and accustomed meaning to those of ordinary skill in the art (and is not limited to any specific or particular meaning), and refers, without limitation, to any compound containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms. Functionalized or substituted hydrocarbons have one or more substituents as described elsewhere herein.

[0051] The term "anhydride," as used herein, is a broad term and is to be given its ordinary and accustomed meaning to those of skill in the art (and is not limited to any specific or particular meaning), and refers, without limitation, to any compound described herein that incorporates, or is substituted with or functionalized to include, one or more anhydride groups (of the formula (RC(O))O).

[0052] The term "sulfonic acid," as used herein, is a broad term and is to be given its ordinary and accustomed meaning to those skilled in the art (and is not limited to any specific or particular meaning), and refers, without limitation, to formic acid, acetic acid, succinic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, ascorbic acid, nicotinic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, salicylic acid, or naphthalenesulfonic acid. Sulfonic acids can include hydrocarbyl sulfonic acids, such as arylsulfonic acids, alkylbenzenesulfonic acids, among others.

[0053] The term "vegetable oil," as used herein, is a broad term and is given its ordinary and accustomed meaning to those skilled in the art (and is not limited to any specific or particular meaning), and refers, without limitation, to the oily fatty acid constituents of vegetable matter, such as saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, etc. Vegetable oils may be functionalized, such as alkoxylated, hydroxylated, aminated, etc. Functionalized vegetable oils are derivatives of vegetable oils or other fatty substances, or substances with similar compositions regardless of the source of the substance. In some embodiments, the functionalized vegetable oil is an epoxidized unsaturated triglyceride. Epoxidized unsaturated triglycerides are tri-esters of glycerin. Glycerin is linked to three linear or branched carboxylic acids, at least one of which contains an epoxide moiety. For example, an epoxidized unsaturated triglyceride may be a derivative of an unsaturated fatty acid triglyceride, such as a vegetable or animal fat or oil, in which at least one C=C moiety of the parent unsaturated fatty acid triglyceride has been replaced with an epoxide moiety (i.e., a three-membered ring containing oxygen). If the parent unsaturated fatty acid triglyceride has two or more C=C moieties, one, some, or all of the C=C moieties may be replaced with epoxide moieties. When the term "vegetable oil" is used herein, it is understood to include animal fats having the same chemical structure as vegetable oils, or oils of synthetic origin. Examples of vegetable or animal fats or oils include coconut oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, olive oil, palm oil, peanut oil, rapeseed oil, canola oil, safflower oil, sesame oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, castor oil, tallow oil, etc.

[0054] As used herein, any compound abbreviation follows its common usage, recognized abbreviation, or the IUPAC-IUB Biochemical Nomenclature Commission (see Biochem. 11:942-944 (1972)) unless otherwise specified.

[0055] All percentages, ratios or other amounts referred to herein are by weight unless otherwise specified.

[0056] The ring systems referred to herein include fused, bridged, and spirocyclic moieties as well as separate monocyclic moieties. [Example]

[0057] Example The following examples should not be considered as limiting the present disclosure. The broad disclosures made in the Summary of Disclosure and the Detailed Description above are repeated for reference purposes. The applicant anticipates carrying out further experimental protocols relating to the liquid antipathogenic agricultural composition described herein and its use.

[0058] Wax Solubility Test How to prepare for the Paraffin Wax Solubility Test We have developed a method to evaluate the ability of solvents to dissolve paraffin wax, which helps us understand how a particular solvent will perform when applied to the epicuticular surfaces of plants or insects.

[0059] The method for preparing a paraffin wax solubility test defines the rate at which a solvent dissolves paraffin wax (CAS No. 8002-74-2) over a period of at least 24 hours. The steps for conducting the test are as follows: a) Weigh 98 grams of solvent into an 8 oz glass bottle; b) Place the bottle with the solvent on a laboratory balance and zero out the weight; c) Add 2 grams of molten (110°F or 43.3°C) paraffin wax to the solvent and place a 1-inch magnetic stir bar in it and cap; d) Place the bottle containing the solvent and paraffin wax sample on a magnetic stir plate and begin stirring at 350 rpm—start a clock counter for each sample; e) Observe whether the entire amount of paraffin wax has dissolved and record the time.

[0060] [Table 1]

[0061] Examples of Products According to the Disclosure Method for preparing fungicide and insecticide concentrates For illustrative purposes, a method for preparing a liquid anti-pathogenic agricultural composition (preferably a liquid fungicide and insecticide agricultural composition) (in concentrate form) used in the non-limiting examples may comprise the steps of: (i) mixing in a tank with a portion of water and / or oil; (ii) adding at least one anionic surfactant, such as sodium lauryl ether sulfate; (iii) adding at least one nonionic surfactant, such as an ethoxylated fatty alcohol; and (iv) adding at least one alkyl (C 12 ~C 16and (v) adding at least one solvent from the group of alkyl (C1-C8) esters of hydroxycarboxylic acids, such as isopropyl myristate and / or isopropyl laurate. The method may optionally include an additional step (v) of adding at least one additive, such as, but not limited to, a preservative and / or a colorant. Typically, the steps are performed in the order of steps (i) to (iv), with the optional further step (v). The mixture is continuously stirred. Heating is not necessary, but may be advantageously used depending on the physical state of each compound. Lower or higher temperatures may be used for certain components. The temperature may be selected to promote mixing within a desired period while avoiding component decomposition or undesired reactions. For specific purposes, other additives may also be added, such as, but not limited to, clarifying agents, antifoaming agents, antifreeze agents, hydrotropes, UV stabilizers, colorants, nutrients, amino acids, marine extracts, anti-drift agents, antifreeze agents, and water, oil, terpenes, terpene-containing oils, or other solvents, as well as combinations thereof.

[0062] Diluted liquid antipathogenic (fungicide and insecticide) agricultural compositions may contain various ratios of ingredients, typically fungicide and insecticide compositions in their concentrated liquid form, and may contain from about 1 to about 30% alkyl (C 12 ~C 16 at least one alkyl (C1-C8) ester of a hydroxybenzoate; from about 1 to about 30% by weight of at least one anionic surfactant; from about 1 to about 40% by weight of one or more nonionic surfactants; and from about 2 to about 80% of water, oil, or other additives.

[0063] Specifically, the liquid concentrate antipathogenic (fungicide and insecticide) agricultural composition (i.e., the liquid antipathogenic agricultural composition in its concentrated liquid form) contains 1 to 30% by weight, preferably 3 to 12% by weight, of alkyl (C 12 ~C 16at least one alkyl(C1-C8) ester of alkyl(C1-C8) acid; at least one anionic surfactant constituting 1 to 30% by weight, preferably 3 to 20% by weight; at least one nonionic surfactant constituting 1 to 40% by weight, preferably 5 to 30% by weight; and water, oil or other additives constituting 20 to 70% by weight, preferably 30 to 65% by weight. In other words, a liquid concentrate antipathogenic (fungicide and insecticide) agricultural composition, when weighing 100 g, contains 1 to 30 g, preferably 3 to 12 g, of alkyl(C1-C8) ester of alkyl(C1-C8) acid. 12 ~C 16 at least one alkyl (C1-C8) ester of a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (C1-C8) acid; 1 to 30 g, preferably 3 to 20 g, of at least one anionic surfactant; 1 to 40 g, preferably 5 to 30 g, of at least one nonionic surfactant; and 20 to 70 g, preferably 30 to 65 g, of water, oil, or other additives. Any percentages, ratios, or other amounts referred to herein are by weight in grams unless otherwise specified.

[0064] Preparation of Liquid Concentrate Antipathogenic (Fungicide and Insecticide) Agricultural Compositions According to the Present Disclosure Four different liquid concentrate antipathogenic (fungicide and insecticide) agricultural compositions (in concentrate form) were prepared according to some of the embodiments of the present disclosure. Concentrate fungicides and insecticides with high flash points and epicuticular wax compatibility are represented by ORO-009-K, ORO-009-T, ORO-079-FB, and ORO-296-A. Details of specific embodiments are provided in Table 2. Various ingredients were used in the different formulations, including soybean methyl ester-oil; cold-pressed orange oil-oil; polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate-anionic surfactant; alcohol ethoxylated POE-6-nonionic surfactant; triethanolamine dodecylbenzenesulfonate-anionic surfactant; calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate-anionic surfactant; sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate-anionic surfactant; sodium lauryl ether sulfate-anionic surfactant; alcohol ethoxylated and propoxylated EOPO6 / 9-nonionic surfactant; isopropyl myristate-oil, methyl laurate-oil, and isopropyl laurate-oil.

[0065] [Table 2] Physicochemical and accelerated stability testing Samples of certain embodiment products were compared to commercially available products and analyzed to determine their physicochemical properties and behavior upon dilution in water - pH and emulsion stability; and behavior upon dilution into pure fungicides and insecticides, and flash point using a closed cup, using methods described in CIPAC Handbook F - Collaborative International Pesticide Analytical Ltd, 1994, 2007 reprint, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. These commercially available products included the following products from Oro Agri®: PREV-AM® (an insecticide and / or fungicide and / or acaricide based on sodium borohydride decahydrate and orange oil); and from other companies: ABACUS™ (an abamectin-based insecticide and / or acaricide available from Rotam North America Inc.); SAFARI™ 20SG Insecticide, a dinotefuran-based insecticide available from Valent USA Corporate; and CAPSIL™ (a dimethylsiloxane-based non-ionic adjuvant available from Aquatrols Corporation of America). Products prepared according to embodiments of the present disclosure demonstrated stability in accelerated storage stability tests, with all samples determined to be stable even at low temperature conditions (0° C. for 14 days) or high temperature conditions (54° C. for 14 days). The stability results are shown in Tables 3 and 4.

[0066] [Table 3]

[0067] [Table 4]

[0068] Disease Bioefficacy Screening At the University of California Davis / Kearney Agricultural Research and Extension Center, samples of certain embodiment products were evaluated in disease bioefficacy screens compared to other products and samples to evaluate pH effects, adjuvant effects, and in vitro efficacy against the most common or relevant plant pathogens. Sample identification information is provided in Tables 5 and 6.

[0069] [Table 5]

[0070] [Table 6]

[0071] Growth inhibition was measured using potato dextrose agar (PDA) modified with test compounds to compare colony growth of several fungi. Plain (unmodified) PDA plates served as controls. Cultures of Aspergillus niger, Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum fioriniae, Fusarium moniliforme, F. oxysporum, Macrophomina phaseolina, Verticillium dahliae, and Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis were grown on acidified potato dextrose agar. Modified and control plates were inoculated with mycelial plugs (5 mm in diameter) and then incubated at 25°C until colonies in the control approached the edge of the plate for each species. At that point, colony radii were measured and compared to those on the control plates to calculate percent inhibition for each test compound.

[0072] [Table 7]

[0073] The results of these in vitro studies showed that some of these compounds were highly effective in inhibiting the growth of some of the pathogens tested, for example, treatments OR-296-A (treatments 17 and 18), 0.5% FUNG.I mixed with 0.25% ADJV.I, and 1% FUNG.I mixed with 0.5% ADJV.I (treatments 1 and 2), and 0.25% ADJV.II mixed with 0.5% ADJV.II. 0.5% 0.5% FUNG.I and 1% FUNG.I mixed with 0.5% ADJV.II (treatments 3 and 4) had significantly higher inhibition of all eight plant pathogens tested. Fusarium moniliforme, F. oxysporum, Macrophomina phaseolina, and Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis were completely inhibited. Verticillium dahliae showed outlier results for 0.5% OR-296-A, a possible artifact that should be retested.

[0074] With few exceptions, the reference treatments (treatments 11 to 15) inhibited the majority of fungi by 44% to 100%. Exp. I, Exp. II, and Exp. III were based on volatile natural oils and did not perform satisfactorily. Treatments 13 and 14 were the reference product PREV-AM®, based on sodium borohydride decahydrate and orange oil, and performed inferior to that exhibited by the products according to the present disclosure (treatments 17 and 18).

[0075] The results from this study are very encouraging, as the majority of the compounds tested here can significantly inhibit many of the serious plant pathogens. This indicates that after registration of these compounds, growers will have materials that can be effective against multiple important pathogens. A comparison by pathogen is shown in Figures 1-8.

[0076] Conducted tests to evaluate products made in accordance with the present invention and comparisons with existing products and standard processes Study 1. Evaluation of various insecticide formulations in a greenhouse comparing the effectiveness of safe and gentle insecticide formulations for the control of silverleaf whitefly (Bemesia argentifolii) on poinsettia.

[0077] Method summary: A bifactorial study consisting of 10 treatments, including combinations of three insecticides (Factor A) and three treatment rates (Factor B), and one reference treatment, was conducted and is shown in Table 8.

[0078] Insecticide applications were made using a single nozzle type TXVK-4 connected to a backpack CO2 (carbon dioxide) pressurized system. Each plot was 4 ft x 1.5 ft. Adult and larval control was achieved by collecting and counting each stage. Phytotoxicity assessments were performed 4 days after A, 6 days after B, and 17 days after B, visually rating the poinsettias using a 0-10 scale, with 0 corresponding to no symptoms of damage and 10 corresponding to plant death. Additional information regarding applications and other variables for the designed field trials is provided in Table 9.

[0079] [Table 8]

[0080] [Table 9]

[0081] Collection method Live adults: The leaf turn method was performed by gently turning over a single leaf and counting all live adults on one whole leaf per plot. The leaves chosen were the upper layers (younger) of the plant where adults appeared to be most active.

[0082] Larvae: Two discs (one from each plant), each 5.64 cm² in area, for a total of 11.28 cm², are collected from the middle layer of the plant where early instar larvae are active. The sample discs are then brought back to the laboratory and counted using a stereoscope. The total number of larvae from the two discs is recorded as a single subsample.

[0083] [Table 10]

[0084] [Table 11]

[0085] [Table 12] TIFF0007719717000013.tif251155

[0086] [Table 13] TIFF0007719717000015.tif248155

[0087] [Table 14] TIFF0007719717000017.tif248130

[0088] [Table 15] TIFF0007719717000019.tif171155

[0089] Conclusions a) The results of these greenhouse trials showed that OR-296-A was highly effective in controlling adult silverleaf whiteflies, performing similarly to the standard treatment SAFARI™ 20SG and slightly better than both the comparison treatments ABACUS™ and PREV-AM®. Results for control of larvae were slightly inferior to the standard SAFARI™ and similar to both the comparison treatments ABACUS™ and PREV-AM®.

[0090] Conclusion b) No phytotoxicity was observed from any Oro-Agri product application at any time during treatment, and although early symptoms occurred at high doses (twice the recommended dose) of OR-296-A, they were not significant.

[0091] Conclusion c) These greenhouse trial results show that OR-296-A shows great promise for controlling adult silverleaf whiteflies, and given that this innovative, human and environmentally safe composition performs similarly to conventional prior art, this invention has great potential to become a safe option for the agricultural market.

[0092] Other field and greenhouse trials are underway to obtain more data to support the invention.

[0093] Trial 2. Evaluation of different insecticide formulations comparing the efficacy of safe and gentle formulations for the control of twospotted spider mites (Tetranychus urticae) on dayleaf grass (Hemerocallis sp.) in a greenhouse. Field trials were conducted in January and February 2019.

[0094] Method Summary: A two-factorial study consisting of 10 treatments, including combinations of three insecticides (Factor A) and three treatment rates (Factor B), and one reference treatment, was conducted and is shown in Table 16.

[0095] Plot Design: Each plot consisted of two Hemerocallis plants inoculated with the target pest before the start of the test. Plots were arranged in an RCB - randomized complete block design in a greenhouse environment. Plants were set up on wire mesh benches spaced on 24" centers. Plant Material: Data plants used in the test were planted in 1-gallon pots. The medium used was Sunshine #4 Mix, a peat moss / perlite mix. Irrigation: Plots were irrigated using a low-volume spot splitter installed in each container to direct the spray to the soil surface. Nutrients: Plants were top-dressed with a controlled-release fertilizer for 4 to 6 months. No further nutrients were applied during the test period. Application: Treatments were applied using a CO2-powered backpack sprayer using a hollow nozzle at 50 psi. Drift hoods were installed over each plot during treatment to avoid contamination of adjacent plots. The spray application volume was 150 gal / ac, which equates to approximately 80 mL / plot. Additional information regarding applications and other variables for the designed field test is provided in Table 16.

[0096] [Table 16]

[0097] [Table 17]

[0098] Collection method Two leaves measuring 5" long by 1" wide were collected from each plot. The leaves were then brushed using a mite brush and observed under a stereoscope. Pest nymphs (NYMLIV P) and adults (ADULIV P) were counted separately and reported individually and as a total count of all motiles (MOTILE P).

[0099] [Table 18]

[0100]

Table 19

[0101] Table 20 TIFF0007719717000025.tif213170 TIFF0007719717000026.tif76170

[0102] Table 21 TIFF0007719717000028.tif235150

[0103] Table 22 TIFF0007719717000030.tif216170 TIFF0007719717000031.tif77170

[0104] Table 23 TIFF0007719717000033.tif219170 TIFF0007719717000034.tif78170

[0105] Table 24 TIFF0007719717000036.tif214170 TIFF0007719717000037.tif77170

[0106] Table 25 TIFF0007719717000039.tif214170 TIFF0007719717000040.tif76170

[0107] [Table 26] TIFF0007719717000042.tif235150

[0108] Conclusions and Considerations During the Trial - At the beginning of the trial, spider mite populations were very active, with most plots averaging approximately 250 to 350 motile forms. By 6 DA-A, all treatments, including the untreated control, showed a reduction in all motile forms. By the next evaluation, 3 DA-B, mite populations began to increase. The Abacus (industry standard) treatment was the best performing treatment at this point in the trial. By the final evaluation, 13 DA-B, both nymph and adult populations had increased sharply, especially in the untreated plots. Despite the increased pressure, treatment #20 (OR-295 at 0.4% v / v) was one of the best treatments, retaining approximately 80% control.

[0109] Conclusions a) The results of these greenhouse trials showed that OR-296-A and OR-009-K were highly effective in controlling adult and larval twospotted spider mites, performing similarly to, and sometimes slightly better than, both the comparison treatments ABACUS™ and PREV-AM®. OR-009-K at 0.4% v / v was slightly better than OR-296-A, even at the higher dose, primarily in controlling larvae.

[0110] Conclusion c) While the results of these greenhouse trials showed that both OR-296-A and OR-009-K show great promise in controlling twospotted spider mites larvae and adults, given that this innovative, human and environmentally safe composition performs as well as or better than conventional prior art, this invention shows great potential to become a safe option for the agricultural market.

[0111] Unless otherwise specified, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) are to be given their ordinary and accustomed meanings to those skilled in the art and are not limited to any particular or special meaning unless expressly defined herein. It should be noted that the use of a particular terminology in describing a particular feature or embodiment of the present disclosure should not be construed as suggesting that the terminology is herein redefined to be limited to include any particular characteristic of the feature or embodiment of the present disclosure to which the terminology pertains. Terms and phrases used in this application, and variations thereof, particularly in the appended claims, should be construed as open-ended rather than limiting, unless expressly specified otherwise.As examples of the above, the term "including" should be read to mean "including without limitation," "including but not limited to," etc.; the term "comprising," as used herein, is synonymous with "including," "containing," or "characterized by," and is inclusive or open-ended and does not exclude additional, unrecited elements or method steps; the term "having" should be interpreted as "having at least"; the term "includes" should be interpreted as "includes but not limited to," etc. The term "example" is used to provide an illustrative example of the item being discussed, not to exhaustively or limit the listing; adjectives such as "known," "standard," "typical," and similar terms should not be construed as limiting the described items to those available in a given period or at a given time, but instead should be read as embracing known, standard, or standard technology that may be available or known at any time now or in the future; the use of terms such as "preferably," "preferred," "desired," or "desirable," and words of similar meaning, should not be understood to suggest that a particular feature is critical, essential, or even important to the structure or function of the invention, but instead should be understood as merely intended to highlight alternative or additional features that may or may not be utilized in a particular embodiment of the invention. Similarly, a group of items connected by the conjunction "and" should not be read as requiring that every single item be present in the group, but rather as "and / or" unless expressly specified otherwise. Similarly, groups of items joined by the conjunction "or" should not be read as requiring mutual exclusivity among the groups, but rather as "and / or" unless expressly specified otherwise.

[0112] When a range of values is given, it is understood that the upper and lower limits of that range, and each intervening value between the upper and lower limits, are encompassed within an embodiment.

[0113] For the use of substantially all plural and / or singular terms herein, those skilled in the art can convert from plural to singular and / or from singular to plural as appropriate to the situation and / or application. Various singular / plural permutations may be expressly set forth herein for clarity. The indefinite articles "a" or "an" do not exclude a plurality. A single processor or other unit may fulfill the functions of several items recited in the claims. The mere fact that certain measures are recited in mutually different dependent claims does not indicate that a combination of these measures cannot be advantageously used. Any reference signs in the claims should not be construed as limiting the scope.

[0114] Those skilled in the art will further understand that if a specific number recitation is intended in an introduced claim, such intention will be explicitly recited in that claim; absent such recitation, no such intention exists. For example, as an aid to understanding, the following appended claims may include the use of the introductory phrases "at least one" and "one or more." However, the use of such phrases should not be construed as suggesting that introducing a claim recitation with the indefinite article "a" or "an" limits any particular claim that includes a claim recitation so introduced to embodiments that include only one such recitation (e.g., "a" and / or "an" should typically be construed to mean "at least one" or "one or more"); the same applies to the use of definite articles used to introduce claim recitations, even if the same claim includes the introductory phrases "one or more" or "at least one" and an indefinite article such as "a" or "an." Also, even when a specific number is explicitly recited in an introduced claim recitation, those skilled in the art will understand that such a recitation should typically be interpreted to mean at least the recited number (e.g., the mere recitation of "two recitations" without other modifiers typically means at least two recitations, or more than two recitations). Furthermore, in instances where a conventional expression similar to "at least one of A, B, and C, etc." is used, such syntax is typically intended in the sense that a person skilled in the art would understand the conventional expression (e.g., "a system having at least one of A, B, and C" includes, but is not limited to, systems having only A, only B, only C, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B, and C together, etc.).In instances where a conventional expression similar to "at least one of A, B, or C, etc." is used, such syntax is typically intended in the sense that one of ordinary skill in the art would understand the conventional expression (e.g., "a system having at least one of A, B, or C" includes, but is not limited to, systems having A only, B only, C only, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B, and C together, etc.). Those of ordinary skill in the art will further understand that virtually any disjunctive word and / or phrase presenting two or more alternative terms, wherever it appears in the specification, claims, or drawings, should be understood to contemplate the possibility of including one of the terms, either of the terms, or both terms. For example, the phrase "A or B" will be understood to include the possibilities of "A" or "B" or "A and B."

[0115] All numbers expressing quantities of ingredients, reaction conditions, and the like used herein should be understood to be modified in all instances by the term "about." Accordingly, unless indicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters set forth herein are approximations that may vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained. At the very least, and without intending to limit the application of the doctrine of equivalents to any claims in any application claiming priority to this application, each numerical parameter should be construed in light of the number of significant digits and ordinary rounding approaches.

[0116] Moreover, while the foregoing has been described in some detail by way of illustration and example for purposes of clarity and understanding, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that certain changes and modifications may be made. Therefore, the descriptions and examples should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention to the specific embodiments and examples described herein, but rather should be construed to embrace all modifications and alternatives that come within the true scope and spirit of the invention.

Claims

1. A liquid antipathogenic agricultural composition for use in controlling pathogens and / or treating diseases caused by said pathogens, comprising: The liquid antipathogenic agricultural composition comprises: 3% to 12% by weight of isopropyl myristate; 3% to 20% by weight of sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate and sodium lauryl ether sulfate; 5% to 30% by weight of alcohol ethoxylated 6POE; 20% to 70% by weight of water and / or other additives; It consists of The liquid anti-pathogenic agricultural composition has a flash point of more than 100°C. Liquid antipathogenic agricultural composition.

2. 10. The liquid anti-pathogenic agricultural composition of claim 1, further comprising an additive selected from the group comprising preservatives, clarifiers, anti-freeze agents, hydrotropes, stabilizers, antioxidants, acidifying agents, chelating agents, complexing agents, dyes, rheology modifiers, anti-foaming agents and anti-drift agents, and combinations thereof.

3. 1. A method for diluting a liquid anti-pathogenic agricultural composition, comprising:

3. Diluting the liquid antipathogenic agricultural composition according to claim 1 with water in a weight ratio of the liquid antipathogenic agricultural composition to water of 1:5000 to 1:10 to produce a stable diluted emulsion and / or microemulsion. A method comprising:

4. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the water further comprises at least one agricultural compound selected from the group comprising adjuvants, insecticides, fungicides, acaricides, nutrients, miticides, bactericides, biocides, ovicides, nematicides, insect growth regulators, plant growth regulators, and combinations thereof.

5. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the liquid anti-pathogenic agricultural composition is diluted in a mixing tank, a spray tank, a container, or an in-line irrigation system.

6. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the stable diluted emulsion and / or microemulsion is applied to at least one member of the group comprising plants, weeds, seeds, soil, urban spaces, and forests by equipment selected from the group comprising air-assisted sprayers, atomizers, ultra-low volume equipment, chemigation systems, pivots, sprinklers, and combinations thereof.

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