826 results about "Pear tree" patented technology

The invention relates to a fruit tree protective agent, particularly a kind of fruit protective glue for preventing fruit tree scar and rotting wound produced by pruning. The invention solves the problems existing in present technology, for instance the traditional technology of treating fruit tree wound and cut is simple, the effect is bad, and so on. The product is composed of the following materials: 60-70 parts by weight of polyvinyl alcohol, 10-20 parts by weight of glycerol, 0.004-0.006 parts by weight of GA, 4-5 parts by weight of asomate, 85-100 parts by weight of water, heating and dissolving and at last forming a jelly solution. The product can prevent rot disease, and occurrence of new diseases, heal the wound and scar gradually, prevent the cracks between the tree bark and the xylem, make the tissue around the scar or wound heal in Jun-Jul in present year, and the efficiency is 95%. The product is applied in apple tree, pear tree, peach tree and other economic crops. The product is easy to use all year round without preparation at the scene.

The invention discloses a method for reshaping pear trees, relating to a method for reshaping fruit trees and comprising the following steps: (1) determining reasonable plantation density, wherein appropriately, the line spacing is 4m and the row spacing is 5-6m; (2) formulating an overall objective for culturing tree shapes, controlling the trunk height of a pear tree to be 0.7-0.8m and the distance away from the ground to be 0.8m, allocating two boughs along a progressive direction, and inducing horizontally; and allocating lateral branches at the two sides of the boughs, performing line spacing inducement through a mode for forming a dip angle of 45 degrees with the horizontal plane, and controlling the spacing between lateral branches to be 0.4-0.5m; (3) realizing tree shape culture by the steps of bough culturing and inducing, and reasonable allocating and trimming of lateral branches; and (4) constructing a framework adaptive to labor-saving reshaping, wherein the pear trees are V-shaped and U-shaped. The invention has the advantages as follows: (1) the reshaping technology has simple requirements and rapid speed; (2) the field operation is easy and has high efficiency; (3) the expansion of operation to an appropriate scale per capita is possible; and (4) the early-stage yielding ability is good.

The invention provides a pear tree two-arm direct-motion type shed frame tree shape which comprises a tree trunk. The tree trunk has two boughs which grow in a direct-motion mode, and base angles of the two boughs are 45 degrees. When reaching a frame-climbing point, the boughs are fixed on a horizontal shed frame in a direct-motion mode, and extended long branches of the boughs are guided onto an elevation guide line in a perpendicular mode. The boughs have long placed fruit branches which are arranged in parallel and vertically extend into intervals. Before the two boughs climb a frame, two horizontal robust side position branches which are pulled along the reverse direction to be parallel to the boughs after the horizontal robust side position branches grow upward to the frame face. The side position branches have F-shaped single-shaft long placed type fruit branches which are arranged in parallel and vertically extend to the intervals. The tree shape only has the two boughs, and therefore the problems that an inclined crown appears easily in a three-bough tree shape and the main boughs intersect are solved. The two boughs oppositely extend in a direct-motion mode and do not influence each other. The two-bough tree shape is easy to reshape, and the two boughs are easy to form after the trunk is fixed. The phenomenon of lack of branches appears in a three-bough shed frame due to the fact that sprout force of a pear tree is weak. The three shape has the advantages that cultivation density is high, early-stage output is high, light conditions are good, the branches are easy to arrange in an ordered mode, uniformity of fruit quality is high, and standardization is easy to achieve.

The invention relates to a shaping and trimming method of crowns of pear trees. The crowns are trimmed into a structure of two layers of main branches, wherein each layer of main branches comprises two main branches facing south and north, and lateral branches are left at two sides of the main branches in the horizontal direction. The shaping and trimming method has the advantages of facilitating flower bud differentiation, increasing effective photosynthetic accumulation, enhancing wind resistance, and obviously improving the commodity quality of fruit of a single-layer planar pergola shaping method; moreover, the shaping of the crowns is quick; the cultivation of crown structure can be completed to enter the early fruit period 3 years after the planting in general; the yield of a single plant can be controlled to be 6-10kg, and increases year by year; meanwhile, trimmed crowns do not contain sub-main branches; the trimming method is simple, and is easy to master; the work space of the flower and fruit management of a pear orchard can be controlled; labor and force are saved; the labor efficiency is improved; and the management cost of the orchard is reduced; in addition, the method is suitable for a flat land or a gentle slope landform undulation, and is particularly suitable for a gentle slope with the landform undulation or a slope land with the slope of less than 15 DEG.

The invention relates to a nanometer selenium probiotics composite leaf surface nutrient solution and application thereof in the production of selenium-enriched pears. A using method of the nanometer selenium probiotics composite leaf surface nutrient solution is characterized by comprising the following steps of: uniformly mixing and dissolving a nanometer selenium water solution with the concentration of 20 g/kg, L-lysine hydrochloride, sodium glutamate, humic acid, monopotassium phosphate, trace elements, brown sugar and EM (Effective Microorganisms) original liquid probiotic bacteria according to weight ratio; then diluting according to the dilution ratio of 1:(20-50) by adding water; and spraying on leaf surfaces for 3-4 times according to different growth periods of pear trees so asto obtain selenium-enriched Nanguo pears, selenium-enriched ussurian pears and selenium-enriched sharp stalk pears. Compared with the prior art, the invention not only enables the pears to be rich inselenium, but also increases the yield and enhances the quality, has integrated benefit, bright and smooth pericarp and fine and tasty sarcocarp, increases the saccharinity by 0.5-1.3 percent and theyield by 5-10 percent, prolongs the storage period by about 30 days and has the selenium content of 0.010-0.050 mg/kg, wherein the selenium content is 2-10 times more than that of a control group; and in addition, by adopting the invention, the selenium-enriched apples, the selenium-enriched peaches, the selenium-enriched grapes, the selenium-enriched cherries and the selenium-enriched strawberries can be produced.

The invention discloses a cultivation method of pear trees. The cultivation method of pear trees includes the first step of selection of a planting site; the second step of fertilizer application, wherein base fertilizer is the basis in combination with topdressing and leaf fertilizer; the third step of pruning, wherein the tree form of pear trees is of a trunk double-layer center opening shape or three-bough natural center opening shape; the fourth step of management of flowers and fruits, wherein the percentage of fertile fruits is improved, flowers and fruits are thinned, fruits are sleeved with bags, pests and diseases are controlled, and water drainage and drought resistance are taken into consideration; the fifth step of harvesting. According to the cultivation method of pear trees, the tree form of pear trees is of the trunk double-layer center opening shape or three-bough natural center opening shape, and artificial pollination is adopted in the flower and fruit management process, so that the percentage of fertile fruits and the effect of flower and fruit thinning are improved, newly planted young pear trees can early bear fruits, and the percentage of fertile fruits is improved, the farm manure is the main fertilizer and applied heavily and cleverly, and therefore the quality of fruits is improved, fruits are big, the yield is high, and economical benefits are good.

The invention discloses a planting method of an ecological pear. The ecological pear without pesticide residue is planted by adopting a grass culturing and intercropping mode, adopting an organic fertilizer as a main fertilizer, and using physical and trapping ways to kill insects. According to the planting method, the problems that an existing pear tree planting method is low in the land use rate, high in pesticide residue and low in fruit quality can be overcome; furthermore, the planting method is free from pesticide residue and high in fruit quality, and the land can be effectively used.

The invention provides a method with effects of saving cost and improving efficiency for liquid pollination of pear tree, which belongs to the fruit trees production technical field. The method comprises the following steps: preparing a nutrient solution in full-bloom stage of pear flowers, adding 0.8g pure pollen in every liter of nutrient solution, spraying and pollinating by an electrostatic sprayer to achieve the purpose of artificial pollination. The pollination method has the advantages of simple operation, fast pollination speed, uniform powder injection, concentration, accuracy, pollen and manual work saving, low cost and the like, and solves the practical problems that pollen can not be uniformly dissolved in water in liquid pollination of fruit trees, pollen is easy to adhere with the wall of a container, pollen is obstructed a nozzle, uneven powder injection causes poor pollination effect and the real application of liquid pollination can not be realized for a long time. According to the invention, the new collected pure pollen (germination rate is 60%-80%) in current year required by per mu is 8-11g. In addition, the method of the invention is capable of increasing the moisture and nutrient of pistil stigma and prolonging the fecundation time of stigma pollination, and the fruit quality can not be affected by increasing the fruit setting rate.

The invention discloses bacillus velezensis HNt7 with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity as well as a preparation method and application. The antagonistic bacterium bacillus velezensis HNt7 has a number of CCTCC (China Center for Type Culture Collection) M 2018022. The preparation method comprises the following steps: A, selecting a bacillus velezensis HNt7 strain individual bacterial colony under a sterile condition and inoculating into a culture medium; adjusting the temperature and carrying out shake culture; B, filling a fermenting solution into each bottle and adding individual bacterial colony bacterium liquid according to the ratio; putting the bottle into a large-amplitude constant-temprature freezing shaking table and carrying out the shake culture; C, separating the antagonistic bacterium: immersing with alcohol with concentration and rinsing with sterile water; carrying out dark culture in a culture box and transferring a grown bacterial colony into a new culture medium and carrying out lineation separation and purification on the bacterial colony; D, after separating and purifying, obtaining the bacillus velezensis HNt7. The bacterium is used for preparing a medicinefor treating or preventing pear fruit rot disease. The strain has a remarkable disease-prevention effect and the prevention effect reaches 70.76 percent or more. After the bacillus velezensis HNt7 isapplied to pear trees, advanced defoliation of the pear trees is remarkably inhibited and the tree vigor is easy to enhance.

The invention relates to plant wound liquid containing chitosan oligosaccharide, which is characterized by comprising a plant growth regulator, wherein the regulator is one or more of naphthalene acetic acid and humic acid and accounts for 1 to 50 percent of the total weight of the liquid; and the chitosan oligosaccharide accounts for 0.0015 weight percent to 0.03 weight percent of the total weight of the liquid. The liquid can be prepared into any liquid preparation for spraying. One to five days before plants are trimmed, grafted or girdled, the liquid is used for spraying a wound. The liquid is used for apple trees, pear trees, peach trees, jujube trees, grape vines, mango trees, longan trees, lychee trees, mandarin trees, watermelons, gingko trees, lonicera japonica, jasmine, Chinese rose and the like.

The invention discloses a special organic and inorganic compound fertilizer for pear trees and a preparation method thereof. The fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of urea, 5-10 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 15-25 parts of calcium superphosphate, 10-15 parts of potassium chloride, 1-2 parts of borax, 0.5-1 part of ammonium molybdate, 1-2 parts of ferrous sulfate, 0.5-1 part of magnesium sulfate, 30-40 parts of poultry and livestock excrement, 10-15 parts of sugar residue, 8-12 parts of soybean curb residue, 5-10 parts of pulverized fuel ash, 3-6 parts of turf, 4-6 parts of peanut shell powder, 2-4 parts of saw dust, 4-8 parts of cushaw stem, 10-15 parts of wintergreen oil, 5-10 parts of eucalyptus oil, and 2-3 parts of soil conditioner. The fertilizer is comprehensive in nutrition, contains inorganic nutrition, including nitrogen, phosphor, potassium, sulfur, calcium, magnesium and trace elements, and organic substances, such as amino acid and humic acid, can meet the requirement of a pear tree for nutrition in the whole growth period, has the effects of maintaining moisture, sterilizing, fertilizing, improving soil and the like, can promote quick growth of pear trees, and can improve the yield and quality of pear tree fruits.

The invention discloses a multi-main-branch open center tree shape of a pear tree, and belongs to the field of pruning of fruit trees. The trunk height of the tree shape is 0.7 to 0.9 meter, the central trunk height is 1.7 to 1.9 meters, 7 to 9 main branches are uniformly grown on the central trunk, and medium and small branch groups are directly grown on the main branches; the angle between each main branch and the central trunk is 70 to 80 degrees; and the thickness of a leaf curtain is 1.8 to 2.3 meters, and the height of the tree is 2.2 to 2.7 meters. The intervals of the medium branch groups on the main branches are 50 to 70 centimeters, and the intervals of the small branch groups are 10 to 20 centimeters. The tree shape has the advantages of simplicity and convenience in pruning, quickness in formation, earliness in fruiting, convenience in management, good ventilation and light transmission conditions and the like.

The invention relates to pear pollination solution, which comprises pollen transferred for pear trees. The pear pollination solution is characterized in that pear pollen is suspended in mixed liquor, the mixed liquor is composed of accelerator, colorant, spreader and water, the accelerator can be composed of cane sugar, boric acid, chelate calcium and urea, or composed of cane sugar, borax, chelate calcium and urea, the colorant is food colorant, the spreader is tween-20, and the mixed liquor comprises, in weight percentage, 6% of white sugar, 0.002% of the boric acid or borax, 0.003% of the chelate calcium, 0.005% of the urea, 0.001% of the food colorant, 0.01% of the tween-20, and the balance of the water.

The invention relates to fruit tree grow seedling fields, more specifically it discloses a nursery method of dwarfing pear trees which includes raising rootstock, dwarfing interstock and scion. The main technology is said rootstock use the seedling of wild-anvil pear seeds as the root grafting, said dwarfing interstock is hybrid, that is manual crossing between the wild pears as female parent line and the Huagai pears and the Nanguopears which are paternal, the hybrid sapling raising from the hybrid seeds is used as the dwarfing interstock, said scion is the dwarfing interstock is grafted on the rootstock (seedling) as the scion, then the dwarfing pear trees are raised. The affinity between the rootstock and the graft is strong in the invention, tree bodies' compact, fruiting early, crop high, cold resistant, disease resistant, easy management, convenient management and it is suitable for landscaping, greening and potted plants in rural and urban.

A method for producing Se-enriched pear is characterized by that Se-contained nutritive liquid is sprayed onto pear flowers and leaves or injected in the trunk of pear tree at different growth phases. Its advantages are high Se content in pear (30-60 micrograms/kg), low cost and high utilization rate of Se.

A negative pressure and torsion spring joint-active fruit picker is characterized in that the front bottom of a cylinder is provided with an opening, a spherical arc blade is connected to the front end of the cylinder, the bottom of the cylinder is provided with a square opening, and a fixed guide rail is provided at the square opening and connected with a negative pressure suction pipe. A sucker is driven by negative pressure generated by the negative pressure suction pipe to suck a fruit on a tree; meanwhile, a telescopic motor drives a threaded suction pipe to guide the fruit to the cylinder through a gear pair; when the fruit approaches to the cylinder, a servo motor which tensions a torsion spring is powered off, restoring force of the torsion spring drives the spherical arc blade to rotate, the pedicel of the fruit positioned is cut by great impact generated, air supply to the negative pressure suction pipe is stopped, the cut fruit separates from the sucker and falls into a conveying bag under the gravitational action. The sucker is used to suck the fruit, and the restoring force of the torsion spring drives the spherical arc blade to cut the pedicel of the fruit; the negative pressure and torsion spring joint-active fruit picker is especially suitable for round fruits with highly lignified pedicels, on crowned trees such as citrus trees, apple trees, pear trees and peach trees.

The invention discloses a rapid cultivation method of the dwarfed nursery stock of a pear tree, which comprises the following steps: (1) cultivating base stock seedlings in the first year, and acquiring dwarfed inter stock scions and dwarfed pear tree variety scions after leaves fall in winter, wherein, the length of the dwarfed inter stock scions is 15-20cm, and the length of the dwarfed pear tree variety scions is about 4-6cm; and storing the scions in a cold storage house, and closely burying the scions with wet sand for later use; (2) grafting the dwarfed inter stock scions in step (1) by a cleft grafting method in spring of the next year; and (3) after the grafting joint in step (2) is healed, grafting the dwarfed pear tree variety scions in step (1) by a cleft grafting or side grafting method. The rapid cultivation method can complete pear dwarfed seedling cultivation within 2 years while the pear dwarfed seedling cultivation can be completed within 3 years by a conventional method, good joint healing and high lignification degree of the tree stock can be realized, and the purposes of grafting and seedling of the dwarfed tree inter stock can be achieved at the same year, therefore, the dwarfed close planting and cultivation technology of the pear tree can be demonstrated and popularized in a large scale in China.

The invention discloses a pear tree water culturing method, belonging to the technical field of plant production. The method comprises the following four steps of: (1) selecting plantlets: selecting one-year or two-year pear graftings in production which are uniform in size and growth; (2) determining the formula of a water culturing nutrient solution consisting of 6mM of KNO3, 4mM of Ca(NO3)2, 2mM of NH4H2PO4, 1mM of MgSO4, 50muM of KCl, 10muM of H3BO3, 2muM of MnSO4, 2muM of ZnSO4, 0.5muM of CuSO4, 0.065muM (NH4)6Mo7O24 and 50muM of Fe-EDTA; (3) selecting a water culturing container; and (4) ventilating and changing the nutrient solution during the culture. The pear tree subjected to soilless culture of the method has the advantages of fast root system growing speed, good growth, high survival rate, healthy tree growth, and the like.

The invention provides a fast frame-climbing method of shed frame pear tree boughs. The frame-climbing method is carried out on a shed frame of a three-line one plane or two-line one plane mode, and frame climbing is carried out by three steps of strengthening, pulling in an inclined mode, and pulling in a level mode. The first step of strengthening is that young shoots are guided onto an elevation guide line in a vertical mode during a growing season so that the young shoots can keep a vertical growing state. The second step of pulling in an inclined mode is that base parts of the shoots growing vertically are pulled in a level mode and fixed behind the shed frame face during autumn of the same year, and then are guided onto the elevation guide line according to a 45-degree angle, namely, the base parts of the shoots are firstly pulled in a level mode and fixed and then pulled in an inclined mode. The third step of pulling in a level mode is that the shoots are pulled in a level mode and fixed on the shed frame face during autumn of the next year. The fast frame-climbing method has the advantages of being fast in frame-climbing, few in water shoots, small in trimming quantity, large in frame face fruit area, high in output and the like.

The invention provides a nursery sock growing method for dwarfed central stake Nanguo pear trees, comprising cultivating root stake sprout using Mountain pear or Du pear seeds, dwarfing central stake bud or grafting the bough to the root stake, so as to cultivate dwarfed intermediate stake sprout, then grafting high grade Nanguo pear tree bud or bough onto the stem of the intermediate stake sprout, so as to cultivate dwarfed intermediate stake Nanguo pear tree sprout, the invention can facilitate early flowering and early fruit.

The invention discloses a cold-temperature matrix for cultivating agaric. The matrix specifically comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60-70 parts of cow dung, 15-30 parts of fallen leaves, 10-15 parts of fly ash, 3-5 parts of fine sand, 5-10 parts of scale stone powder and 1-3 parts of trace elements, wherein the cow dung is the completely decomposed fermented cow dung of which the water content is 1-8%, and 20-35% of bean straw powder is added during the decomposition process of the cow dung; the fallen leaves are from one or more than one of pine needle, poplar, apricot tree and pear tree, and preferably, the fallen leaves are dead leaves of which the water content is 20-35%; the leaves are collected, crushed and extruded, and then are fermented for 8-15 days in the presence of 10-15% of vinegar residue; the trace elements are manganese, iron, magnesium, zinc, copper and boric acid. The cold-temperature matrix disclosed by the invention is mainly prepared from the cold cow dung and the cow dung is subjected to splitting treatment by virtue of the fly ash, the scale stone powder and the fine sand, which have relatively large specific surface area, so as to ensure that the cow dung is in different interface structures, and the air permeability and porosity of the cow dung are increased; therefore the prepared matrix has the advantages of high air permeability, good water absorption and the like.

The invention discloses a cultivation method for interplanting white tea tea trees and pear trees, belonging to the field of plant cultivation. The cultivation method includes: (1) Ditching and fertilizing, forming deep furrows with a width of 0.3-0.5m and high ridges with a width of 1.4-1.8m, and transplanting pear tree seedlings into the deep furrows at a plant spacing of 1.8-2.4m. m colonization; (2) In the spring of the following year, white tea tea tree seedlings are planted in a single row and double plants in Gaolong, with a spacing of 0.25~0.35m; During the growth period of the pear tree, the main trunk and side branches are cut short by 1/3~2/3, and the crown is cultivated by topping in the sixth year. The invention discloses a specific interplanting technology of pear trees and white tea trees. While ensuring the yield and quality of pear trees, the white tea leaves can be added with the fragrance of pear trees. After testing, theanine, γ-aminobutyric acid, and other amino acids The content of tea is higher than that of the main species of white tea, and has higher nutritional value.

The invention discloses a special compound fertilizer for pear trees and a preparation method thereof. The special compound fertilizer for the pear trees comprises the following materials in percentage by weight: 15-30% of sugar residue, 0.2-2% of borax, 0.5-2% of ferrous sulfate, 0.5-2% of zinc sulfate, 12-25% of urea, 15-25% of monoammonium phosphate, 20-30% of potassium chloride, 2-7% of ammonium sulfate, 1-7.5% of biochar and 3-5% of Chinese medicinal materials. The special compound fertilizer for the pear trees is prepared by grinding the above materials, uniformly mixing and granulating. The special compound fertilizer for the pear trees has both quick-acting characteristic like an inorganic fertilizer and long-acting and slow-release characteristics like an organic fertilizer and has the effects of reducing soil bulk density, expelling insects, killing bacteria, enhancing yield and quality of fruits, improving the soil in an orchard and protecting the environment and has a broad application prospects in production of green fruits.