Signal Conduction Device for Simultaneous Power and Data Transmission with Wireless Sensors Attached to Medical Devices - Patent application

Abstract

A medical device system for simultaneous power and data transmission includes an elongated conductive member. At least a portion of the elongated conductive member is configured to be inserted into an intraluminal space. One or more sensors are electrically connected to the elongated conductive member. The medical device system uniquely assigns each of a plurality of unique contiguous segments in the signal space to one of (i) one or more power channels or (ii) one or more signal channels. The medical device system then transmits an electrical signal via the elongated conductive member to one or more sensors electrically connected to the elongated conductive member. The medical device collects energy from the electrical signal. The medical device system separates a transmitted data signal in at least one of the one or more signal channels, the data signal being generated by one or more sensors.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application claims the benefit of and priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 992,695, entitled "CATHETER SYSTEM, DEVICE, AND METHOD THEREOF," filed March 20, 2020, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 044,960, entitled "CATHETER AND GUIDEWIRE SYSTEMS WITH ENHANCED LOCATION AND CHARACTERIZATION FEATURES," filed June 26, 2020, and U.S. Utility Patent Application No. 17 / 205,614, entitled "SIGNAL CONDUCTING DEVICE FOR CONCURRENT POWER AND DATA TRANSFER TO AND FROM UN-WIRED SENSORS ATTACHED TO A MEDICAL DEVICE," filed March 18, 2021. The entire contents of each of the above applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

[0002] Additionally, this application is related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17 / 205,754, entitled "OPERATIVELY COUPLED DATA AND POWER TRANSFER DEVICE FOR MEDICAL GUIDEWIRES AND CATHETERS WITH SENSORS," filed March 18, 2021; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17 / 205,854, entitled "CATHETER FOR IMAGING AND MEASUREMENT OF PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS," filed March 18, 2021; and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17 / 205,964, entitled "GUIDEWIRE FOR IMAGING AND MEASUREMENT OF PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS," filed March 18, 2021. The entire contents of each of the above applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. The entire contents of each of the above applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

[0003] The present invention relates generally to medical devices, including intraluminal devices such as guidewires and catheters that include various sensors for simultaneous and / or continuous measurement of one or more physiological parameters. [Background technology]

[0004]

[0004] Guidewire devices are often used to guide or guide catheters or other interventional devices to targeted anatomical locations within a patient. Typically, the guidewire is threaded through the patient's vasculature to reach the target location, which may be located, for example, in or near the patient's heart or brain. Radiographic imaging is typically used to assist in navigating the guidewire to the targeted location. Guidewires are available having a variety of outer diameter sizes. Commonly used sizes include, for example, diameters of 0.010 inches (0.254 mm), 0.014 inches (0.3556 mm), 0.016 inches (0.4064 mm), 0.018 inches (0.4572 mm), 0.024 inches (0.6096 mm), and 0.035 inches (0.889 mm), although smaller or larger diameters may also be used.

[0005]

[0005] In many instances, a guidewire is placed within the body during an interventional procedure and can be used to guide multiple catheters or other interventional devices to targeted anatomical locations. Once in position, the catheters can be used to aspirate blood clots or other obstructions, or to deliver drugs, stents, embolic devices, radiopaque dyes, or other devices or substances to treat the patient.

[0006]

[0006] These types of interventional devices can include sensors located in their distal portions to provide additional functionality to the devices. For example, intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is an imaging technique that utilizes a catheter with an ultrasound imaging sensor attached to its distal portion. Ultrasound is used to image within targeted vascular structures (typically coronary arteries).

[0007] The use of such sensors presents several challenges. In particular, the associated interventional devices have very limited space to work in, given the stringent dimensional constraints involved. Furthermore, it can be difficult to integrate the sensors into the interventional device in a way that maintains effective function.

[0008] Another common problem in this field is properly localizing and positioning the distal portion of the device at the target site. If the device tip is improperly positioned during insertion or if the tip moves from the desired location after insertion, various risks can arise. For example, in catheter implementations, improper positioning can lead to fluid seepage, which can result in patient pain or injury, increased thrombosis rates, delayed treatment, device damage or malfunction, delays and additional costs associated with device replacement, and additional time required by the attending physician and medical center.

[0009] Furthermore, conventional techniques for internal imaging and catheter localization require the injection of dyes and / or the use of x-rays, each of which can be harmful to the patient. Moreover, such imaging radiation can also be harmful to physicians and personnel who are exposed to the radiation.

[0010] The use of such interventional devices is also difficult due to the need to manage several long lengths of wires and other components, including guidewires, power cables, data wires, etc. Care must be taken regarding what is allowed in the sterile field and when it can be removed. Often, additional personnel are required simply to manage such wires and cables. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0011]

[0011] Therefore, there is currently a need for improved interventional devices that effectively integrate sensors, effectively manage power and data communication with the sensors, effectively communicate data from the device for further processing, and enable more effective positioning of medical devices at desired target locations within vascular structures or other targeted anatomical structures. [Means for solving the problem]

[0012] Disclosed embodiments include a method for simultaneous power and data transmission in a medical device. The method includes providing an elongated conductive member, at least a portion of which is configured to be inserted into an intraluminal space. The elongated conductive member includes a proximal portion and a distal portion configured to conduct an electrical signal. The method also includes assigning a signal space to a plurality of unique contiguous segments. Additionally, the method includes uniquely assigning each of the plurality of unique contiguous segments to one of (i) one or more power channels or (ii) one or more signal channels. Moreover, the method includes transmitting an electrical signal via the elongated conductive member to one or more sensors electrically connected to the elongated conductive member. Further, the method includes collecting energy from the electrical signal in at least one of the one or more power channels. Furthermore, the method includes isolating a transmitted data signal from at least one of the one or more signal channels, the data signal transmitted via the elongated conductive member and the data signal generated by the one or more sensors.

[0013]

[0013] Additional disclosed embodiments include a medical device system for simultaneous power and data transfer. The medical device system includes an elongated conductive member, at least a portion of which is configured to be inserted into an intraluminal space. The elongated conductive member includes a proximal portion and a distal portion. The medical device system also includes one or more sensors electrically connected to the elongated conductive member. Additionally, the medical device system includes one or more electrical components physically configured such that, when activated, the one or more electrical components cause the medical device system to perform various operations. For example, the medical device system allocates a signal space to a plurality of unique contiguous segments. Additionally, the medical device system uniquely assigns each of the plurality of unique contiguous segments to one of (i) one or more power channels or (ii) one or more signal channels. The medical device system also transmits an electrical signal via the elongated conductive member to one or more sensors electrically connected to the elongated conductive member. Furthermore, the medical device system collects energy from the electrical signal in at least one of the one or more power channels. Additionally, the medical device system isolates data signals transmitted through the elongated conductive member in at least one of the one or more signal channels, the data signals being generated by the one or more sensors.

[0014] Further disclosed embodiments include a computer-readable medium including one or more physical computer-readable storage media having computer-executable instructions stored thereon, which, when executed by one or more processors, cause a computer system to perform a method for simultaneous power and data transfer in a single-member medical device. The method includes providing an elongated conductive member, at least a portion of which is configured for insertion into an intraluminal space. The elongated conductive member includes a proximal portion and a distal portion configured to conduct an electrical signal. The method also includes assigning a signal space to a plurality of unique contiguous segments. Additionally, the method includes uniquely assigning each of the plurality of unique contiguous segments to one of (i) one or more power channels or (ii) one or more signal channels. Moreover, the method includes transmitting an electrical signal via the elongated conductive member to one or more sensors electrically connected to the elongated conductive member. Furthermore, the method includes collecting energy from the electrical signal in at least one of the one or more power channels. The method further includes separating the transmitted data signal from at least one of the one or more signal channels, the data signal being transmitted via the elongated conductive member, the data signal being generated by the one or more sensors.

[0015] This Summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the Detailed Description. This Summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter.

[0016]

[0016] Additional features and advantages will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by the practice of the subject matter herein. The features and advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the instruments and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims. The features of the invention will become more fully apparent from the following description and appended claims, or may be learned by the practice of the invention as set forth hereinafter.

[0017] Various objects, features, characteristics and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and will be more readily understood from the following description of embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and claims, all of which form a part of this specification, in which the same reference numerals may be utilized to designate corresponding or similar parts in the various views, and in which the various elements shown are not necessarily drawn to scale. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0018] [Figure 1]

[0018] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a guidewire system configured to provide one or more of the features described herein. [Figure 2]

[0019] FIG. 1 illustrates a catheter system configured to provide one or more of the features described herein, showing components of a power and data coupling device and indicating that the coupling device can be communicatively coupled to an external device. [Figure 3A]

[0020] 2 is a more detailed diagram of the guidewire system of FIG. 1 showing components of the power and data coupling device and indicating that the coupling device can be communicatively coupled to an external device. [Figure 3B]

[0021] FIG. 10 is an enlarged view of the distal section of the guidewire to better illustrate an exemplary sensor placement on the guidewire. [Figure 3C]

[0022] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the distal section of the guidewire to illustrate additional distal components and features of the device. [Figure 4A]

[0023] 1A-1C illustrate an exemplary use of a guidewire system to effectively guide the positioning and placement of a stent in a targeted stenosis. [Figure 4B] 1A-1C illustrate an exemplary use of a guidewire system to effectively guide the positioning and placement of a stent in a targeted stenosis. [Figure 4C] 1A-1C illustrate an exemplary use of a guidewire system to effectively guide the positioning and placement of a stent in a targeted stenosis. [Figure 4D] 1A-1C illustrate an exemplary use of a guidewire system to effectively guide the positioning and placement of a stent in a targeted stenosis. [Figure 5]

[0024] FIG. 10 shows an extension wire added to the wire. [Figure 6A]

[0025] FIG. 1 is an electrical schematic diagram of a medical device. [Figure 6B]

[0026] FIG. 10 is another electrical schematic diagram of the medical device. [Figure 7]

[0027] 1A-1C illustrate channels configured to be utilized by a medical device. [Figure 8]

[0028] 8A, 8B, and 8C are signal schematic diagrams of a medical device. [Figure 9]

[0029] 1 is a flow diagram of a method for simultaneous power and data transfer in a medical device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0019] Overview of the Intraluminal System

[0030] 1 shows a schematic diagram of a guidewire system 100 that may incorporate one or more of the features described herein. Guidewire system 100 includes a wire 102 that is routeable through a proximal device 104. Guidewire system 100 may alternatively be referred to herein as a "guidewire device." Wire 102 may also be referred to herein as a type of elongated conductive member.

[0020]

[0031] As used herein, an elongated conductive member includes any conductive component having a length greater than a width. For example, an elongated conductive member includes a wire 102. For purposes of example and explanation, an elongated conductive member may be referred to as a wire 102, although it will be understood that wires 102 are a subset of possible elongated conductive members. For example, an elongated conductive member may also include a catheter.

[0021]

[0032] The "wire" of guidewire system 100 refers to a solid wire element that forms the backbone of guidewire system 100. Thus, the term "wire," when used in the context of guidewire system 100, is intended to refer to a structure that has sufficient torqueability, pushability, and stiffness / flexibility to be navigable within the body (e.g., positionable within an intraluminal space such as a vasculature). Such "wire" elements are sometimes referred to in the art as "cores," "corewires," etc. Thus, this type of "wire" is intended to be distinguished from smaller, less structured elements, such as traces or leads, that are capable of carrying electrical signals but lack sufficient structure to be effectively navigated and positioned within the body to reach a targeted anatomical structure. By way of example, a "wire" suitable for use as part of the guidewire system 100 may have an average outer diameter of at least about 0.0762 mm (0.003 inches), or about 0.127 mm (0.005 inches), or about 0.2032 mm (0.008 inches), or about 0.254 mm (0.010 inches). In another example, a "wire" suitable for use as part of guidewire system 100 may have a yield strength greater than 10 ksi, or more preferably greater than 30 ksi, or more preferably greater than 50 ksi, or more preferably greater than 100 ksi, or more preferably greater than 150 ksi, or more preferably greater than 200 ksi, or more preferably greater than 250 ksi, e.g., 300 ksi. Additionally or alternatively, a "wire" suitable for use as part of the guidewire system 100 may have a shear modulus of greater than 6.7 msi, or more preferably greater than 8 msi, or more preferably greater than 10 msi, for example, about 12 msi.Additionally or alternatively, a "wire" suitable for use as part of the guidewire system 100 may have a modulus of elasticity greater than 16 msi, or more preferably greater than 20 msi, or more preferably greater than 25 msi, for example, about 30 msi.

[0022]

[0033] The wire 102 of the guidewire system 100 is configured to be inserted into a patient's body. The patient is typically a human, but in other implementations may be a non-human mammal, or even a non-mammalian animal. Any suitable route of administration may be utilized, depending on the particular preference and / or needs of the application. Common routes include the femoral, radial, and jugular vein, although the guidewire system 100 may utilize other access routes as needed.

[0023]

[0034] While many of the examples described herein relate to the use of guidewire system 100 or catheter system 200 (see FIG. 2 ) in connection with intravascular procedures (e.g., cardiovascular or neurovascular), it will be understood that the described systems may be utilized in other medical applications as well. Other medical applications in which the systems described herein may be utilized include, for example, applications involving access to the lymphatic, urinary / renal, gastrointestinal, reproductive, hepatic, or respiratory systems.

[0024]

[0035] Here, the proximal device 104 is shown as a hemostatic valve, although in other embodiments, the proximal device 104 may include additional or alternative forms. The proximal device 104 may also be referred to herein as the "power and data coupling device 104" or simply the "coupling device 104."

[0025]

[0036] The wire 102 has a proximal portion 106 and a distal portion 108. The length of the wire 102 can vary depending on the needs of a particular application and the anatomical area being targeted. By way of example, the wire 102 can have an overall length from the proximal portion 106 to the distal portion 108 of about 50 cm to about 350 cm, more typically about 200 cm, depending on the needs of a particular application and / or the particular anatomical target. The wire 102 can be sized to have an outer diameter (e.g., after application of other outer members) of about 0.008 inches to about 0.040 inches, although larger or smaller sizes can be utilized as needed for a particular application. For example, certain embodiments may have outer diameter sizes corresponding to standard guidewire sizes, such as 0.010 inches (0.254 mm), 0.014 inches (0.3556 mm), 0.016 inches (0.4064 mm), 0.018 inches (0.4572 mm), 0.024 inches (0.6096 mm), 0.035 inches (0.889 mm), 0.038 inches (0.9652 mm), or other such sizes common to guidewire devices. Wire 102 may be formed from stainless steel or other metals or alloys with suitable mechanical properties. Additionally or alternatively, wire 102 may be formed from a conductive material with suitable mechanical properties.

[0026]

[0037] Coupling device 104 may also include or be associated with a transmitter to enable wireless communication between guidewire system 100 and external device 110 (or multiple such external devices). In alternative embodiments, guidewire system 100 and external device 110 may be connected via a wired connection.

[0027]

[0038] External device 110 can be a handheld device, such as a mobile phone, tablet, or laptop computer. While exemplary embodiments using a handheld or mobile device as external device 110 are described herein, it will be understood that this is not required and other embodiments can include other “non-mobile” devices, such as a desktop computer, monitor, projector, etc. In some embodiments, external device 110 includes a mobile / handheld device and additionally includes a desktop device or other non-mobile device. For example, a mobile device can be configured to act as a bridge by receiving transmitted data from a transmitter and further transmitting that data to a non-mobile computer system. This can be useful in situations where a physician prefers the option of viewing data on a mobile device, but additionally or alternatively needs to have the data passed or mirrored on a larger monitor when their hands are full (e.g., when handling guidewire system 100).

[0028]

[0039] The external device 110 of the guidewire system 100 can assist the physician in determining the location of the distal tip of the wire 102 within a blood vessel or other targeted anatomical structure of the human body. In this way, the physician can also obtain data of various parameters at the targeted anatomical structure while properly positioning the wire 102, thereby enabling the physician to better understand the relevant environment and make appropriate decisions while treating the patient.

[0029]

[0040] Wireless systems may include, for example, a personal area network (PAN) (e.g., very high frequency radio wave communications, such as Bluetooth, ZigBee, BLE, NFC, etc.), a local area network (LAN) (e.g., WIFI), or a wide area network (WAN) (e.g., cellular networks, such as 3G, LTE, 5G, etc.). Wireless data transmission may additionally or alternatively include the use of optical signals (infrared, visible radio, with or without the use of fiber optic lines), such as radio frequency (RF) sensors, infrared signals, or other wireless data transmission means.

[0030]

[0041] As used herein, both "electrical signal" and "signal" generally refer to any signal within the scope of the disclosed systems, devices, or methods. Meanwhile, a "sensor data signal," "sensor signal," or "data signal" refers to any signal that carries commands or information generated by a medical device, such as a medical sensor. In contrast, a "power signal" or "energy signal" refers to any signal that provides power to a medical device, such as a sensor. In some cases, a "signal" can include both a data signal and a power signal.

[0031]

[0042] Processing of the sensor data signals may be performed in whole or primarily at external device 110, or alternatively, may be performed at least in part at one or more other external devices communicatively connected to external device 110, such as a remote server or distributed network. Additionally or alternatively, the sensor data signals may be processed at coupling device 104, wire 102, or some combination of devices within guidewire system 100. The sensor data signals may include, for example, image data, location data, and / or various types of sensor data (related to fluid flow, fluid pressure, the presence / levels of various gases or biological components, temperature, other physical parameters, etc.).

[0032]

[0043] As described in more detail below, one or more sensors may be coupled to wire 102, and the one or more sensors may be operable to transmit data signals through wire 102 to coupling device 104. Additionally or alternatively, coupling device 104 may be operable to transmit power or signals to the one or more sensors.

[0033]

[0044] 2 is a schematic of a catheter system 200 that may incorporate one or more of the features described herein. Catheter system 200 may be similar in many respects to guidewire system 100, and the discussion above relating to guidewire system 100 is also applicable here, except where differences are noted.

[0034]

[0045] The catheter system 200 includes a catheter 202 and a proximal device 204 (which may also be referred to herein as a "power and data coupling device 204" or simply as a "coupling device 204"). The coupling device 204 includes a control unit 212 (shown enlarged and in schematic form), which includes a power source 214, a data signal processor 216, and optionally, a transmitter 218. The transmitter 218 enables wireless communication to an external device 110 (or multiple such devices), as described above with respect to FIG. 1. The catheter 202 may be referred to herein as a type of elongated conductive member.

[0035]

[0046] The data signal processor 216 is configured to receive sensor data signals transmitted through the catheter 202 from one or more sensors 121, 220 associated with the catheter 202. The power source 214 is configured to transmit power through the catheter 202 to power the one or more sensors 121, 220 and / or other components of the catheter 202. The power source 214 may include an internal power source, such as a battery or battery pack, and / or may include a wired connection to an external power source. The one or more sensors 220 may be positioned at any suitable location on the catheter 202 but are typically positioned at a distal section of the catheter 202 that is expected to reach the targeted anatomical structure. The sensor 220 may be coupled to the catheter 202 by using, for example, bonding, molding, co-extrusion, welding, and / or adhesive techniques.

[0036]

[0047] Power and / or data lines 201 extend along the length of the catheter 202 to one or more sensors 220. As used herein, "power line" and / or "data line" refer to any conductive pathway (e.g., trace) within a medical device. While multiple power and / or data lines 201 can be utilized, preferred embodiments are configured to transmit both power and data over a single line and / or manage sensor data signals from multiple sensors over a single line. This reduces the number of lines that must be routed through the structure of the catheter 202, more effectively utilizing the limited space in the device, as well as reducing device complexity and the associated risk of device failure. Additionally, as used herein, "wireless sensor" (either within the guidewire system 100 or the catheter system 200) refers to a sensor that does not have a continuous physical connection connecting the sensor to a power source and / or external device 110 via one or more power and / or data lines.

[0037]

[0048] The proximal device 204 may include one or more ports to facilitate the introduction of fluids (e.g., medications, nutrients) into the catheter 202. The catheter 202 may be sized and configured for temporary insertion into the body, may be sized and configured for permanent implantation into the body, or may be configured to deliver an implant into the body. In one embodiment, the catheter 202 is a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) line, typically placed in an arm or leg of the body to access the body's vascular system. The catheter 202 may also be a central venous catheter, an IV catheter, a coronary artery catheter, a stent delivery catheter, a balloon catheter, an atherectomy-type catheter, or an IVUS catheter, or other imaging catheter. The catheter 202 may be a single-lumen or multi-lumen catheter.

[0038]

[0049] Figure 3A provides another view of the guidewire system 100 of Figure 1. Guidewire system 100 shares certain features with catheter system 200, and therefore the description of the common portions is equally applicable to guidewire system 100. As shown, guidewire system 100 includes a control unit 112 (shown in expanded schematic form), which includes a power source 114, a data signal processor 116, and optionally, a transmitter 118. Transmitter 118, as described above, enables wireless communication to an external device 110 (or multiple such devices).

[0039]

[0050] The data signal processor 116 is configured to receive sensor data signals transmitted through the wire 102 from one or more sensors 121 associated with the guidewire 102. The power source 114 is configured to transmit power through the wire 102 to power the one or more sensors 121 and / or other components of the wire 102. The power source 114 may include an internal power source, such as a battery or battery pack, and / or may include a wired connection to an external power source. The one or more sensors 121 may be positioned at any suitable location on the wire 102, but are typically positioned at a distal segment expected to reach the targeted anatomical structure. As used herein, a "distal segment" or "distal portion" refers to the most distal 30 cm of the device, the most distal 20 cm of the device, the most distal 15 cm of the device, the most distal 10 cm of the device, or a range using any two of the above values as endpoints. In some embodiments, the "middle section" can be considered to be approximately the central third of the device, and the "proximal section" or "proximal portion" can be considered to be approximately the proximal third of the device.

[0040]

[0051] Unlike catheter system 200, guidewire system 100 is configured to transmit these power and data signals through the actual wire 102 itself. In some embodiments, multiple power and / or data signals (e.g., data signals from multiple sensors 121) can be transmitted simultaneously through wire 102. Power and / or data signals can also be transmitted "continuously." That is, the power and / or data signals can have a sufficiently high sampling rate so that information is provided to the user within a time frame that is effectively "real time." In most applications, this includes sampling rates of about 5 seconds or less, 3 seconds or less, 1 second or less, or even sub-second sampling rates.

[0041]

[0052] Using the wire 102 itself to transmit power and / or data signals through the device provides several benefits. For example, using the wire 102 to transmit these signals reduces or eliminates the need to run other connecting wires along the wire 102 to connect the sensor 121 to the proximal portion and / or to deliver power to the sensor. Given that guidewires inherently come with strict dimensional and performance limitations (e.g., torqueability, flex, pushability, stiffness, etc.) and limited space to work with, the ability to reduce or eliminate extra components frees up limited space and allows for further design flexibility. Reducing or eliminating the use of additional connecting wires also reduces the overall complexity of the device, thereby reducing the risk of component failure and resulting in a more robustly functioning device. Additional Sensor Details

[0053] The one or more sensors 121 of the guidewire system 100 and / or the one or more sensors 220 of the catheter system 200 may include, for example, a pressure sensor, a flow sensor, an imaging sensor, or a component detection sensor. The pressure sensor(s) may be sized and configured to sense changes in pressure in the environment. The flow sensor(s) may be sized and configured to sense fluid flow, such as velocity or other flow characteristics. The detection sensor(s) may detect proximity or distance to one or more detection nodes positioned outside the body. The imaging sensor may collect various forms of imaging data.

[0042]

[0054] The one or more sensors may additionally or alternatively be configured to sense the presence of a biological component or measure a physiological parameter within the targeted anatomical location (e.g., blood). Examples of biological components that may be detected / measured include blood glucose levels, pH levels, CO2 levels (CO2 partial pressure, bicarbonate levels), oxygen levels (oxygen partial pressure, oxygen saturation), temperature, and other such substrates and physiological parameters. The one or more sensors may be configured to detect, for example, immune system-related molecules (e.g., macrophages, lymphocytes, T cells, natural killer cells, monocytes, other white blood cells, etc.), inflammatory markers (e.g., C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, amyloid A, cytokines, α1-acid glycoprotein, ceruloplasmin, hepcidin, haptoglobin, etc.), platelets, hemoglobin, ammonia, creatinine, bilirubin, homocysteine, albumin, lactate, pyruvate, ketone bodies, ion and / or nutrient levels (e.g., glucose, urea, chloride, sodium, potassium, calcium, iron / ferritin, copper, zinc, magnesium, vitamins, etc.), hormones (e.g., estradiol, The sensors can be configured to sense the presence, absence, or levels of biological constituents such as hormones (e.g., hormones, follicle-stimulating hormone, aldosterone, progesterone, luteinizing hormone, testosterone, thyroxine, thyrotropin, parathyroid hormone, insulin, glucagon, cortisol, prolactin, etc.), enzymes (e.g., amylase, lactate dehydrogenase, lipase, creatine kinase), lipids (e.g., triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol), tumor markers (e.g., alpha-fetoprotein, beta-human chorionic gonadotropin, carcinoembryonic antigen, prostate-specific antigen, calcitonin), and / or toxins (e.g., lead, ethanol).

[0043]

[0055] Unless otherwise noted, references to sensors (either generically or to a specific type of sensor) should be understood to include support electronics as well. Support electronics may include, for example, power conditioners, converters, signal amplifiers, processing components such as application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), and the like. Support electronics for one or more sensors 121 are preferably positioned near the one or more sensors 121 themselves (e.g., on the distal section of the wire 102 on the substrate). Advantageously, this has been found to reduce signal drift compared to placing the support electronics on the proximal section of the device. Locating the support electronics (e.g., ASICs) on the distal portion of the wire 102 near the sensor 121 and using the wire 102 itself as a means to transmit data signals to the proximal end provides effective signal transmission without the significant drift issues of other approaches. Guidewire Sensor Placement and Distal Features

[0056] FIG. 3B shows an expanded view of the distal section of the guidewire system 100 of FIG. 3A , illustrating various sensors disposed therein. In this embodiment, the one or more sensors 121, 220 include multiple pressure sensors 120 and an ultrasound sensor 122. These sensors are positioned on a substrate 124, which is positioned on the wire 102 to position the sensors at their desired locations. The substrate 124 can be made from a somewhat flexible material (e.g., a suitable medical-grade polymer) that allows it to be wrapped around the wire 102, wrapped around the wire 102, or otherwise positioned on the wire 102. The substrate 124 also includes flexible circuitry, such as trace lines and / or one or more conductive contacts, for coupling the sensors to the underlying wire 102. The substrate 124 can form a friction fit with the wire 102 or, additionally or alternatively, can be mechanically bonded to the wire 102.

[0044]

[0057] Bonding sensors to the substrate 124 and then disposing the substrate 124 on the wire 102 provides several benefits. For example, the substrate 124 can be essentially laid out in a two-dimensional layout, making it much easier to properly position the sensors. The two-dimensional substrate 124 with the sensors bonded to it can then be disposed on the three-dimensional cylindrical wire 102 more easily than if each sensor were disposed individually on the wire 102. In particular, ensuring that the various sensors are properly positioned relative to each other on the substrate 124 and then disposing the substrate 124 on the wire 102 is easier than trying to control the relative spacing of each sensor on the three-dimensional cylindrical wire 102. However, it will be appreciated that in at least one embodiment, the benefits of the two-dimensional substrate 124 are not obtained, but the various sensors can be disposed directly on the three-dimensional wire 102. Alternatively, the various sensors can be disposed on the substrate after it is applied to the three-dimensional wire 102.

[0045]

[0058] The illustrated embodiment also includes an outer member 126 (shown here in dashed lines) that can be positioned over the sensor-containing portion of the wire 102. The outer member 126 can be formed from a suitable medical-grade polymer (e.g., polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polyether block amide (PEBA). The outer member 126 can function to further constrain and maintain the position of the sensor and / or to provide a smooth outer surface for a more uniform outer diameter. The outer member 126 can be applied by interference fitting a tube in place, dip coating, and / or other manufacturing methods known in the art. A hydrophilic coating can also be added to the outer surface of the device.

[0046]

[0059] FIG. 3C shows another schematic diagram of the distal section of the guidewire system 100 shown in FIG. 3A , depicting multiple pressure sensors 120 and multiple ultrasound sensors 122 disposed on a substrate 124 positioned on the wire 102. As shown, the distal-most section of the device may also include a coil 128 and / or an atraumatic tip 130. The coil 128 may be a single coil or multiple connected or interwoven coils. Additionally or alternatively, a polymer material may be positioned or applied to the distal section of the wire 102. Additionally or alternatively, a polymer material may be positioned or applied to the distal section of the wire 102. The atraumatic tip 130 may optionally form a sphere or other curved shape to protect against trauma caused by the distal portion of the wire 102. The atraumatic tip 130 may be formed, for example, from a polymer adhesive material and / or solder.

[0047]

[0060] As shown, the wire 102 can include a ground profile that results in a smaller diameter in the more distal section of the wire 102. For typical guidewire sizes (e.g., 0.014 inch, 0.018 inch, 0.024 inch), the wire 102 can be approximately 0.002 inch in diameter at the distal end. The distal end of the wire 102 can also be flattened to form a standard "ribbon" shape.

[0048]

[0061] The illustrated embodiment also includes an energy harvester 132. The energy harvester is configured to convert the power signals traveling in the wires 102 into a regulated DC voltage suitable for the sensors. The energy harvester 132 can also provide other electrical conditioning functions, such as cutting power to the sensors during faults or power savings. Additionally, unless otherwise specified, the energy harvester 132 is considered to be a subcomponent of the one or more sensors 121 herein. Thus, unless otherwise stated, references to the one or more sensors 121 also refer to associated circuitry, such as the energy harvester 132.

[0049]

[0062] Additionally, in at least one embodiment, the energy harvester is configured to provide control functions for one or more sensors 121. For example, a specific signal can be communicated from the power and data coupling device 104 to the energy harvester. The specific signal can include a chirp, an impulse function, or some signal on a specific frequency channel. The energy harvester maps the specific signal to a predetermined command and then acts on the predetermined command. For example, a specific signal can be mapped to a command to cut DC power to one or more rails powering one or more sensors. Thus, upon receiving the specific signal, the energy harvester stops providing power to one or more sensors, thereby turning off the one or more sensors. Any number of different signals can be mapped to any number of different commands. Additionally, in at least one embodiment, circuitry other than the energy harvester receives, interprets, and / or acts on the signal.

[0050]

[0063] The length of the wire 102, including the substrate 124 (and thus the sensor), can be about 3 cm to about 30 cm, or more typically about 5 cm to about 15 cm, although these lengths can vary as needed for a particular application. As described below with respect to the examples of FIGS. 4A through 4D , in a preferred embodiment, the length of the sensor arrangement substantially spans the expected length of the lesion / stenosis or other target anatomical structure. A linear arrangement of pressure sensors 120 can be used to provide pressure mapping of the targeted anatomical structure without the need to move the wire 102. Multiple measurements from multiple sensors can be taken simultaneously and / or sequentially. The arrangement of pressure sensors 120 can also be used to measure pulse wave velocity (PWV) (e.g., by determining a series of wave peaks and measuring the time between peaks) and / or provide spatial tracking of the pulse waveform. Methods for localization within target anatomical structures

[0064] 4A-4D show a sequence illustrating the use of guidewire system 100 to effectively guide the positioning and placement of a medical device at a targeted anatomical location. In this particular example, guidewire system 100 is used to properly position stent 406 at a targeted stenosis 404.

[0051]

[0065] 4A shows a wire 102 with a pressure sensor 120 positioned within a blood vessel 402 (other components have been removed for better visibility). The wire 102 is routed through the blood vessel 402 to a location where the placement of the pressure sensor 120 spans or at least substantially coincides with a stenosis 404. Because the stenosis 404 creates a pressure differential in that portion of the blood vessel 402, the linear placement of the pressure sensor 120 allows the user to effectively position the wire 102 to coincide with the stenosis 404, and a user can advance the wire 102 until those pressure differences are read by the sensor 120. For example, if the blood vessel 402 is a coronary artery, the pressure distal to the stenosis 404 will be slightly lower than the pressure proximal to the stenosis 404. The wire 102 can be advanced until one or more of the most distal pressure sensors reaches an area of different pressure (e.g., the slightly lower pressure within a coronary stenosis).

[0052]

[0066] A stent 406 is then delivered over the wire 102 towards the stenosis 404. The position of the stent 406 relative to the wire 102 can be determined based on readings from the pressure sensor 120. For example, as the stent 406 is moved distally, it begins to sequentially pass the pressure sensor 120, causing a change in the pressure reading of the sensor, thereby allowing a user to determine the position of the stent 406 relative to the wire 102.

[0053]

[0067] 4B shows the stent 406 positioned further within the blood vessel 402 toward its target location. A delivery catheter 408 is also shown. In stent delivery applications such as those shown here, the delivery catheter 408 can be a balloon catheter, or the stent 406 can be a self-expanding stent. Other stent types and stent delivery means known in the art can also be utilized. Proper positioning of the stent 406 is possible because the position of the wire 102 relative to the stenosis 404 is known based on readings received from the pressure sensor 120. Therefore, determining where the stent 406 is positioned relative to the wire 102 additionally allows for the position of the stent 406 relative to the stenosis 404 to be determined.

[0054]

[0068] After it is determined that the stent 406 is in the proper position relative to the target stenosis 404, the stent 406 can be deployed, as shown in Figure 4C. After deployment, the wire 102 can remain in place for a period of time during post-stent evaluation. The wire 102 can then be retracted from the vessel 402, leaving the stent 406 in place, as shown in Figure 4D.

[0055]

[0069] Thus, with sensors positioned along the length of wire 102, guidewire system 100 can provide a localized frame of reference (i.e., a frame of reference within the target localized anatomy) to guide the positioning of medical devices. This is beneficial because the target anatomy is not always stationary. For example, in vasculature applications, the blood vessels are constantly moving due to the heartbeat. The localized frame of reference defined by the distal section of guidewire system 100 substantially moves with the target anatomy in which it is located, eliminating many of the positioning complexities and thereby improving the ability to position stents and / or other medical devices.

[0056]

[0070] This localized frame of reference is also relatively stable because it does not require movement of wire 102 to take sequential measurements. Additionally, sensor 120 can provide continuous, simultaneous sensor data signals during placement of a stent or other medical device, allowing a physician to guide the stent or other medical device to a desired location within the body in real time. That is, the linear placement of sensor 120 allows for multiple measurements without having to "pull back" wire 102 to take measurements at other locations. Furthermore, as described above, the system can be configured to provide multiple measurements from multiple sensors simultaneously, thereby even eliminating the need for "virtual pullback" of sequential measurements along the length of the sensor.

[0057]

[0071] 4A-4D is one example of the use of guidewire system 100 for localization within a target anatomical structure. Guidewire system 100 and / or catheter system 200 can also be utilized in other applications where the localization features of the system would be beneficial. For example, the localization features described herein can be utilized to assist in the proper placement of a PICC catheter or central venous catheter at a targeted site, such as the caval-atrial junction. Conductive strips as power and data conduction paths

[0072] 5 shows an extension wire 500 being added to the wire 102. In various use cases, it may be necessary to extend the wire 102 to better position and / or manipulate the wire 102 within the patient's body. The illustrated extension wire 500 can be coupled to the wire 102 via any number of different physical connections, including, but not limited to, a threaded connection, a magnetic connection, a press-fit connection, a snap connection, or an adhesive connection.

[0058]

[0073] In at least one embodiment, the resulting physical coupling provides a continuous conductive path from the extender wire 500 to the wire 102. Thus, due to at least the physical and electrical coupling, both the extender wire 500 and the wire 102 are considered together and may be referred to as the "wire 102." More specifically, an electrical signal applied to the extender wire 500 propagates from the extender wire 500 to the wire 102. Accordingly, unless otherwise stated, all descriptions provided herein regarding the wire 102 also apply when the extender wire 500 is attached to the wire 102. Additionally, it will be understood that any elongated conductive member disclosed herein may include multiple extensions that are removably attached to one another.

[0059]

[0074] In at least one embodiment, guidewire system 100 comprises a medical device system for simultaneous power and data transfer. In particular, guidewire system 100 can comprise an elongated conductive member. Herein, the elongated conductive member includes a proximal portion and a distal portion. At least a portion of the elongated conductive member is configured for insertion into an intraluminal space. Additionally, both the proximal and distal portions of the elongated conductive member can be electrically conductive.

[0060]

[0075] In at least one embodiment, the elongate conductive member comprises a single conductive pathway extending from the proximal portion to the distal portion. For example, the single conductive pathway may comprise the stainless steel wire 102 in the guidewire system 100. Additionally or alternatively, the elongate conductive member comprises multiple conductive pathways extending from the proximal portion to the distal portion. For example, the catheter system 200 may comprise multiple wires integrated within the structure of the catheter 202. Additionally, in at least one embodiment, the elongate conductive member comprises a first conductive pathway for use as a power channel and a second conductive pathway for use as a signal channel, both of which extend from the proximal portion to the distal portion.

[0061]

[0076] As described above, one or more sensors 121 can be electrically connected to the elongated conductive member. Additionally, a medical device including an elongated conductive member can also include one or more electrical components that are physically configured to cause the medical device system to perform various actions when the one or more electrical components are activated. As used herein, the one or more electrical components can include discrete circuit components, digital circuit components, analog circuit components, a processor, or any combination thereof. The one or more electrical components can be integrated within the control unit 112 or 212, within the external device 110, and / or on the elongated member. Activating the one or more electrical components can include providing power to the one or more electrical components.

[0062]

[0077] In at least one embodiment, one or more electrical components cause the medical device system to allocate a signal space into a plurality of unique contiguous segments. Each segment in the signal space constitutes a portion of the signal space that can be used to communicate data, power, or other information. The signal space can include a frequency domain space, a time domain space, or any other space capable of carrying a signal. Additionally, allocating the signal space can include dynamically identifying a signal channel of interest. Alternatively, allocating the signal space can include providing electrical components configured to statically define the signal space.

[0063]

[0078] For example, Figures 6A and 6B show different embodiments of electrical schematics for a medical device. Figure 7 shows channels configured to be utilized by the medical device. In at least one embodiment, one or more electrical components uniquely assign each of a plurality of unique contiguous segments to one of (i) one or more power channels or (ii) one or more signal channels. In at least one embodiment, uniquely assigning refers to each contiguous segment being assigned as a power channel or a signal channel. In some embodiments, there can be multiple power channels and multiple signal channels.

[0064]

[0079] 6A shows a schematic diagram of a frequency-based medical device system. In particular, one or more electrical components cause the medical device system to allocate signal space into multiple unique contiguous segments by designating multiple unique contiguous frequency regions (e.g., 710(a-e)). Furthermore, one or more electrical components cause the medical device system to uniquely assign each of the multiple unique contiguous frequency regions to one of (i) one or more power channels or (ii) one or more signal channels.

[0065]

[0080] 6B shows a schematic diagram of a time-based medical device system. In particular, one or more electrical components cause the medical device system to allocate signal space to multiple unique contiguous segments by designating multiple unique contiguous time slots (e.g., 710(a-e)). Furthermore, one or more electrical components cause the medical device system to uniquely assign each of the multiple unique contiguous time slots to one of (i) one or more power channels or (ii) one or more signal channels.

[0066]

[0081] 7 illustrates that a signal space 700 can include multiple unique contiguous segments in the form of multiple frequency channels 710(a-e). Each frequency channel can be assigned as a power channel for providing power to an electronic device located on the elongated conductive member, or as a signal channel for receiving data from an electronic device on the elongated conductive member. In at least one embodiment, the electronic device comprises a sensor 121, 220.

[0067]

[0082] Additionally or alternatively, signal space 700 may include multiple unique contiguous segments in the form of time slots 710(a-e). Each time slot may be defined based on a clock. Additionally, each time slot may be assigned as a power channel for providing power to electronic devices located on the elongated conductive members or as a signal channel for receiving data from electronic devices on the elongated conductive members.

[0068]

[0083] 6A and 6B show an elongated conductive member 600 coupled to a power source 610. The power source 610 can be configured to transmit an electrical signal through the elongated conductive member 600 to one or more sensors 121(a-c) electrically connected to the elongated conductive member 600. In particular, the power source 610 can transmit an AC electrical signal within a particular unique continuous segment, such as frequency channel 710a. In at least one embodiment, the elongated conductive member 600 is capacitively coupled to the power source 610, and therefore there is no direct physical contact between the elongated conductive member 600 and the power source 610. Alternatively, in at least one embodiment, there can be direct physical contact between the elongated conductive member 600 and the power source 610.

[0069]

[0084] 3C, the elongated conductive member in the form of wire 102 is shown to include an energy harvester 132. As used herein, energy harvester 132 refers to electronic circuitry configured to harvest energy from an assigned power channel. In particular, energy harvester 132 may comprise electronic circuitry for harvesting energy from electrical signals in at least one of the one or more power channels, in this example, frequency channel 710a. The harvested energy is then provided to at least one of the one or more sensors 121.

[0070]

[0085] In at least one embodiment, the power source 610 transmits energy in at least one of the one or more power channels and provides power through at least one of the one or more power channels to all of the one or more sensors 121. Thus, each sensor of the one or more sensors collects energy from a particular unique contiguous segment of the signal space represented by at least one of the one or more power channels.

[0071]

[0086] Additionally or alternatively, in at least one embodiment, the power source 610 transmits energy in a first power channel (e.g., 710a) of the one or more power channels, the first power channel of the one or more power channels comprising a first unique contiguous segment of signal space. Additionally, the power source 610 transmits energy in a second power channel (e.g., 710b) of the one or more power channels, the second power channel of the one or more power channels comprising a second unique contiguous segment of signal space. The elongated conductive member 600 then provides energy through the first power channel of the one or more power channels to a first subset of the one or more sensors. Each sensor of the first subset of the one or more sensors is configured to collect energy from the first unique contiguous segment of signal space. Similarly, the elongated conductive member 600 provides energy through a second power channel of the one or more power channels to a second subset of the one or more sensors. Each sensor of the second subset of the one or more sensors is configured to collect energy from a second unique contiguous segment of the signal space.

[0072]

[0087] Accordingly, in at least one embodiment, the elongated conductive member 600 provides power to the different sets of sensors through independent power channels. This provides a user with the ability to selectively activate all of the sensors simultaneously or only subsets of the sensors at different times. Additionally, the one or more sensors may include at least a first sensor of a first type and a second sensor of a second, different type. Accordingly, in at least one embodiment, a user may activate the sensors based on sensor type. As disclosed herein, selective control of and communication with such sensors may be performed via a single conductive path, such as wire 102.

[0073]

[0088] After at least one sensor from the one or more sensors 121 begins receiving the collected energy, the at least one sensor begins generating a data signal based on the reading received by the at least one sensor. Figure 6A shows a set of sensors 121(a-c), each transmitting at a particular frequency along the elongated conductive member 600. For example, sensor 121a is summed with any other data signals at their own frequency. It will be appreciated that this system allows for multiple data signals to be communicated simultaneously in parallel via the elongated conductive member 600.

[0074]

[0089] Additionally, FIG. 6A illustrates that the medical device system isolates the transmitted data signal from at least one of the one or more signal channels by one or more electrical components. As described above, the data signal is transmitted through the elongated conductive member 600 and is generated by one or more sensors 121(a-c). The elongated conductive member 600 is also coupled to a power and data coupling device 630 (also referred to as proximal device 104 in FIG. 1 and proximal device 204 in FIG. 2). In at least one embodiment, the elongated conductive member 600 is capacitively coupled to the power and data coupling device 630, and thus there is no physical connection between the elongated conductive member 600 and the power and data coupling device 630. Alternatively, in at least one embodiment, there may be a physical connection between the elongated conductive member 600 and the power and data coupling device 630.

[0075]

[0090] The power and data coupling device 630 comprises a plurality of frequency filters 632(a-c) that enable separation of respective data signals communicated along the elongated conductive member 600. Additionally or alternatively, in at least one embodiment, the power and data coupling device 630 separates multiple transmitted data signals in parallel, with each data signal from the multiple data signals being associated with a different unique contiguous frequency range selected from a plurality of unique contiguous frequency ranges. The power and data coupling device 630 further comprises a transmitter 640 configured to communicate the separated data signals to the external device 110 for display and / or processing.

[0076]

[0091] FIG. 6B shows a set of sensors 121(a-c) each transmitting along elongated conductive member 600 within a time slot. For example, each sensor 121(a-c) communicates a data signal via elongated conductive member 600 in a particular time slot determined by clock signal 650a. Additionally, FIG. 6B shows that elongated conductive member 600 is also coupled to power and data coupling device 630. Power and data coupling device 630 includes a filter 660 in communication with clock 650a and clock 650b synchronized with clock 650a. The combination of synchronized clocks 650a, 650b and filter 660 enables power and data coupling device 630 to separate the data signals within each respective time slot. Power and data coupling device 630 further includes a transmitter 640 configured to communicate the separated data signals to external device 110 for display and / or processing.

[0077]

[0092] In at least one embodiment, the power and data coupling device 630 includes indicators for indicating information regarding the operation of the power and data coupling device 630 or the conductive elongate member. The indicators may include an audible alert, a tactile alert, a visual alert (e.g., a light), a communication to an external device that performs an alert function, and / or any other type of alert. For example, the transmitter 640 may include some processing capability that can detect an interruption in the power traveling through the power and data coupling device 104 and / or a poor quality of the data signal received by the power and data coupling device 104. In such cases, an alert indication may be issued by the power and data coupling device 104 to notify a user of the problem.

[0078]

[0093] 7 depicts a one-dimensional signal space 700, it will be appreciated that in at least one embodiment, the signal space 700 can include a multi-dimensional signal space 700. For example, the signal space 700 can utilize QPAM, QPSK, a Viterbi code, or other signal spaces.

[0079]

[0094] 8A-8C illustrate various signal schematics for guidewire system 100. However, it will be appreciated that similar electrical circuitry may be integrated into any elongated conductive member 600, including catheter 202. The schematic in FIG. 8A illustrates circuitry for collecting and displaying arterial pressure. In particular, arterial pressure 802 is collected by a capacitance pressure sensor 806, although it will be appreciated that any number of different pressure sensor types may alternatively be used. Capacitive pressure sensor 806 utilizes a capacitance-to-voltage converter 804 to generate a specific voltage based on the specific capacitance measured by capacitance pressure sensor 806.

[0080]

[0095] The particular voltage is processed by a voltage controlled oscillator ("VCO") 808 to generate a particular waveform. This particular waveform is then transmitted via elongate conductive member 600 from a distal portion of elongate conductive member 600 to a proximal portion of elongate conductive member 600. In this example, elongate conductive member 600 comprises wire 102 in guidewire system 100. In at least one embodiment, the particular waveform is transmitted within a particular unique contiguous segment of signal space, such as a signal channel defined by a particular frequency channel.

[0081]

[0096] After the particular waveform reaches a proximal portion of elongated conductive member 600, capacitive pickup 810 detects the particular waveform in a particular unique contiguous segment of signal space. In at least one embodiment, capacitive pickup 810 is integrated into power and data coupling device 630. In at least one embodiment, power and data coupling device 630 can capacitively communicate with elongated conductive member 600 through a changing electric field. Capacitive pickup 810 communicates the detected waveform to a phase-locked loop (PLL) 812, which then converts the waveform to a voltage 814. The resulting voltage 814 can then be processed and displayed 816 to an end user as a pressure reading.

[0082]

[0097] FIG. 8B illustrates a circuit for collecting and displaying pulse echoes. In particular, the pulse echoes are collected by an ultrasonic pulse-echo sensor 818. The ultrasonic pulse-echo sensor 818 generates an amplitude-modulated wave 820. A voltage versus time envelope 822 is then created. In at least one embodiment, the voltage versus time envelope is created using a Hilbert transform circuit. The resulting signal is processed by a voltage-controlled oscillator (“VCO”) 824 to generate a representative signal. The representative signal is then transmitted via the elongated conductive member 600 from a distal portion of the elongated conductive member 600 to a proximal portion of the elongated conductive member 600. Similar to the example above, in this example, the elongated conductive member 600 comprises the wire 102 within the guidewire system 100. In at least one embodiment, the representative signal is transmitted within a particular, unique, contiguous segment of signal space, such as a signal channel defined by a particular frequency channel.

[0083]

[0098] After a particular waveform reaches a proximal portion of elongated conductive member 600, capacitive pickup 826 detects a representative signal in a particular unique contiguous segment of signal space. In at least one embodiment, capacitive pickup 826 is integrated into power and data coupling device 630. Additionally, power and data coupling device 630 can capacitively communicate with elongated conductive member 600 through the changing electric field. Capacitive pickup 826 communicates the detected signal to phase-locked loop (PLL) 828, which then converts the signal to a voltage 830. The resulting voltage 830 can then be processed and displayed 832 to an end user as a pulse-echo readout.

[0084]

[0099] FIG. 8C illustrates a circuit for providing power to one or more sensors 121. Thus, in contrast to FIGS. 8A and 8B, FIG. 8C begins at a proximal portion of the elongated conductive member 600 and propagates toward a distal portion of the elongated conductive member 600. In particular, a frequency generation circuit 834 creates a power signal within a specific, unique, contiguous segment of signal space, which includes a specific power channel. The generated AC signal is communicated to a power amplifier 836, which generates a specific AC power signal within the specific power channel. The AC power signal is capacitively coupled (838) to the elongated conductive member 600 and then transmitted via the elongated conductive member 600 to one or more sensors 121 located at the distal portion of the elongated conductive member 600.

[0085]

[0100] After the AC power signal reaches the distal portion of the elongate conductive member 600, the AC power signal is rectified (840) and processed by a qualification / smoothing circuit 842. The resulting DC power signal 844 is then provided to one or more sensors 846, 121, 220.

[0086]

[0101] It will be appreciated that each of the above-described circuits in FIGS. 8A-8C utilizes capacitive coupling between the elongated conductive member 600 and the power and data coupling device 630. Accordingly, power can be provided to the described sensors and data can be communicated to the external device 110 without the need for a physical connection between the power and data coupling device 630 and the elongated conductive member 600. The lack of such a physical connection provides significant technical benefits to the user. For example, the user is no longer constrained by the presence of a physical cord connecting to the elongated conductive member 600. Additionally, in the case of a guidewire system, for example, the user can deliver medical devices, such as stents and catheters, over the wire 102 without having to remove or de-energize the wire 102. Such an ability allows the user to place the medical device on the wire 102 and maintain uninterrupted sensor data from within the patient's body while the medical device is positioned within the body.

[0087]

[0102] 9 shows a flow diagram of a method 900 for simultaneous power and data transfer in a medical device. Method 900 includes an operation 910 of providing an elongated conductive member. Operation 910 includes providing an elongated conductive member, at least a portion of which is configured to be inserted into an intraluminal space, the elongated conductive member including a proximal portion and a distal portion configured to conduct an electrical signal. For example, as shown and described in connection with FIGS. 1 and 2 , the elongated conductive member may include wire 102 in guidewire system 100, catheter 202 in catheter system 200, or any other elongated conductive member suitable for insertion into an intraluminal space.

[0088]

[0103] The method 900 also includes an act of allocating 920 a signal space. The act 920 includes allocating the signal space into a plurality of unique contiguous segments. For example, the signal space 700 may be segmented into time slots, frequency channels, or any other segments, as shown and described with respect to FIG.

[0089]

[0104] Additionally, method 900 includes operation 930 of assigning the contiguous segments to power channels or signal channels. Operation 930 includes uniquely assigning each of the multiple unique contiguous segments to one of (i) one or more power channels or (ii) one or more signal channels. For example, as shown and described with respect to FIGS. 6A, 6B, and 7, the signal space can be segmented such that one or more particular channels are used to provide power to one or more sensors and one or more other channels are used to receive data signals from one or more sensors.

[0090]

[0105] The method 900 includes an act of transmitting an electrical signal 940. The act 940 includes transmitting the electrical signal via the elongated conductive member to one or more sensors electrically connected to the elongated conductive member. For example, as shown and described with respect to Figures 6A, 6B, and 8C, the power and data coupling device 630 can transmit the electrical signal in a power channel to one or more sensors.

[0091]

[0106] Further, method 900 includes an operation 950 of harvesting energy from a power channel. Operation 950 includes harvesting energy from the electrical signal in at least one of the one or more power channels. For example, as shown and described with respect to Figures 3, 6A, 6B, and 8C, one or more sensors may utilize an energy harvester 132 to harvest power from the power channel and provide the power to one or more sensors 121.

[0092]

[0107] Further, method 900 includes an operation 960 of separating the transmitted data signals. Operation 960 includes separating the transmitted data signals from at least one of the one or more signal channels, the data signals transmitted via the elongated conductive members and the data signals generated by the one or more sensors. For example, as shown and described with respect to Figures 6A and 6B, power and data coupling device 630 includes filters configured to separate the data signals from one another. Aspects of the invention

[0108] The present invention is further specified in the following clauses.

[0093]

[0109] Clause 1: A method for simultaneous power and data transfer in a medical device, comprising: providing an elongated conductive member, at least a portion of which is configured to be inserted into an intraluminal space, the elongated conductive member including a proximal portion and a distal portion configured to conduct an electrical signal; allocating a signal space into a plurality of unique contiguous segments; uniquely assigning each of the plurality of unique contiguous segments to one of (i) one or more power channels or (ii) one or more signal channels; transmitting an electrical signal via the elongated conductive member to one or more sensors electrically connected to the elongated conductive member; harvesting energy from the electrical signal in at least one of the one or more power channels; and separating the transmitted data signal from at least one of the one or more signal channels, wherein the data signal is transmitted via an elongated conductive member and the data signal is generated by one or more sensors.

[0094]

[0110] Clause 2: The method of clause 1, wherein both the proximal portion and the distal portion are electrically conductive.

[0111] Clause 3: The method of clause 1 or 2, wherein the elongate conductive member includes a single conductive path extending from the proximal portion to the distal portion.

[0095]

[0112] Clause 4: The method of any of clauses 1 to 3, wherein the elongated conductive member comprises a plurality of extensions removably attached to one another.

[0113] Clause 5: Harvesting energy from at least one of the one or more power channels transmitting energy in at least one of one or more power channels, wherein at least one of the one or more power channels comprises a particular unique contiguous segment of signal space; 5. The method of any of clauses 1 to 4, further comprising: providing power to all of the one or more sensors through at least one of the one or more power channels, each sensor of the one or more sensors configured to receive power from a particular unique contiguous segment of signal space.

[0096]

[0114] Clause 6: Harvesting energy from at least one of the one or more power channels transmitting energy in at least one of one or more power channels, wherein at least one of the one or more power channels comprises a first unique contiguous segment of a signal space; transmitting energy in a second power channel of the one or more power channels, the second power channel of the one or more power channels comprising a second unique contiguous segment of the signal space; providing power to a first subset of the one or more sensors through at least one of the one or more power channels, each sensor of the first subset of the one or more sensors configured to receive energy from a first unique contiguous segment of a signal space; 6. The method of any of clauses 1 to 5, further comprising: providing power to a second subset of the one or more sensors through a second power channel of the one or more power channels, wherein each sensor of the second subset of the one or more sensors is configured to receive energy from a second unique contiguous segment of the signal space.

[0097]

[0115] Article 7: Allocating the signal space into a plurality of unique contiguous segments specifying a plurality of unique consecutive time slots; uniquely assigning each of the plurality of unique contiguous segments to one of (i) one or more power channels or (ii) one or more signal channels; 7. The method of any of clauses 1 to 6, comprising uniquely assigning each of a plurality of unique consecutive time slots to one of (i) one or more power channels or (ii) one or more signal channels.

[0098]

[0116] Article 8: Allocating the signal space into a plurality of unique contiguous segments specifying a plurality of unique contiguous frequency regions; uniquely assigning each of the plurality of unique contiguous segments to one of (i) one or more power channels or (ii) one or more signal channels; 8. The method of any of clauses 1 to 7, comprising uniquely assigning each of a plurality of unique contiguous frequency ranges to one of (i) one or more power channels or (ii) one or more signal channels.

[0099]

[0117] Clause 9: Separating the transmitted data signal from at least one of the one or more signal channels 9. The method of any of clauses 1 to 8, comprising separating a plurality of transmitted data signals in parallel, each data signal from the plurality of data signals being associated with a different unique contiguous frequency range selected from a plurality of unique contiguous frequency ranges.

[0100]

[0118] Clause 10: The method of any of clauses 1 to 9, wherein the one or more sensors include at least a first sensor of a first type and a second sensor of a second, different type.

[0101]

[0119] Clause 11: A method according to any of clauses 1 to 10, wherein transmitting power via the elongated conductive member to one or more sensors electrically connected to the elongated conductive member includes transmitting AC power.

[0102]

[0120] Clause 12: A medical device system for simultaneous power and data transmission, comprising: an elongated conductive member configured to have at least a portion inserted into the intraluminal space, the elongated conductive member including a proximal portion and a distal portion; one or more sensors electrically connected to the elongated conductive member; and one or more electrical components, which when activated, provide the medical device system with at least the following: allocating a signal space into a plurality of unique contiguous segments; uniquely assigning each of the plurality of unique contiguous segments to one of (i) one or more power channels or (ii) one or more signal channels; transmitting an electrical signal via the elongated conductive member to one or more sensors electrically connected to the elongated conductive member; harvesting energy from the electrical signal in at least one of the one or more power channels; 1. A medical device system, the medical device system being physically configured to: isolate a data signal transmitted via an elongated conductive member in at least one of one or more signal channels, the data signal being generated by one or more sensors.

[0103]

[0121] Clause 13: The medical device system of clause 12, wherein both the proximal portion and the distal portion are electrically conductive.

[0122] Clause 14: A medical device system as described in clause 12 or 13, wherein the elongated conductive member includes a single conductive path extending from the proximal portion to the distal portion.

[0104]

[0123] Clause 15: A medical device system described in any of clauses 12 to 14, wherein the elongated conductive member includes a plurality of extensions removably attached to one another.

[0124] Clause 16: Harvesting energy from at least one of the one or more power channels transmitting energy in at least one of one or more power channels, wherein at least one of the one or more power channels comprises a particular unique contiguous segment of signal space; 16. The medical device system of any of clauses 12 to 15, further comprising providing power to all of the one or more sensors through at least one of the one or more power channels, each sensor of the one or more sensors receiving and providing energy from a particular unique contiguous segment of the signal space.

[0105]

[0125] Clause 17: Harvesting energy from at least one of the one or more power channels transmitting energy in at least one of one or more power channels, wherein at least one of the one or more power channels comprises a first unique contiguous segment of a signal space; transmitting energy in a second power channel of the one or more power channels, the second power channel of the one or more power channels comprising a second unique contiguous segment of the signal space; providing energy to a first subset of the one or more sensors through at least one of the one or more power channels, each sensor of the first subset of the one or more sensors configured to receive energy from a first unique contiguous segment of a signal space; 17. The medical device system of any of clauses 12 to 16, further comprising: providing energy to a second subset of the one or more sensors through a second power channel of the one or more power channels, wherein each sensor of the second subset of the one or more sensors is configured to receive energy from a second unique contiguous segment of the signal space.

[0106]

[0126] Article 18: Allocating the signal space into a plurality of unique contiguous segments specifying a plurality of unique consecutive time slots; uniquely assigning each of the plurality of unique contiguous segments to one of (i) one or more power channels or (ii) one or more signal channels; 18. The medical device system of any of clauses 12 to 17, comprising uniquely assigning each of a plurality of unique consecutive time slots to one of (i) one or more power channels or (ii) one or more signal channels.

[0107]

[0127] Article 19: Allocating the signal space into a plurality of unique contiguous segments specifying a plurality of unique contiguous frequency regions; uniquely assigning each of the plurality of unique contiguous segments to one of (i) one or more power channels or (ii) one or more signal channels; 19. The medical device system of any of clauses 12 to 18, comprising uniquely assigning each of a plurality of unique contiguous frequency ranges to one of (i) one or more power channels or (ii) one or more signal channels.

[0108]

[0128] Clause 20: Separating the transmitted data signal from at least one of the one or more signal channels 20. The medical device system of any of clauses 12 to 19, comprising separating a plurality of transmitted data signals in parallel, each data signal from the plurality of data signals being associated with a different unique contiguous frequency range selected from a plurality of unique contiguous frequency ranges.

[0109]

[0129] Clause 21: A medical device system described in any of clauses 12 to 20, wherein one or more sensors are electrically connected to an elongated conductive member through a substrate, and the substrate includes electrical paths connecting individual components within the one or more sensors.

[0110]

[0130] Clause 22: A medical device system described in any of clauses 12 to 21, wherein the elongated conductive member includes a first conductive path for use as a power channel and a second conductive path for use as a signal channel, and both the first conductive path and the second conductive path extend from the proximal portion to the distal portion.

[0111]

[0131] Clause 23: A computer-readable medium including one or more physical computer-readable storage media having stored thereon computer-executable instructions, the computer-executable instructions, when executed by one or more processors, causing a computer system to perform a method for simultaneous power and data transfer in a single-item medical device, the method comprising: providing an elongated conductive member, at least a portion of which is configured to be inserted into an intraluminal space, the elongated conductive member including a proximal portion and a distal portion configured to conduct an electrical signal; allocating a signal space into a plurality of unique contiguous segments; uniquely assigning each of the plurality of unique contiguous segments to one of (i) one or more power channels or (ii) one or more signal channels; transmitting an electrical signal via the elongated conductive member to one or more sensors electrically connected to the elongated conductive member; harvesting energy from the electrical signal in at least one of the one or more power channels; and separating a transmitted data signal in at least one of one or more signal channels via an elongated conductive member, the data signal being generated by one or more sensors. conclusion

[0132] While particular embodiments of the present disclosure have been described in detail with reference to particular configurations, parameters, components, elements, etc., these descriptions are illustrative and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the claimed invention.

[0112]

[0133] Furthermore, unless otherwise implied or express, it should be understood that for any given element of the components of the described embodiments, any of the possible alternatives listed for that element or component may generally be used individually or in combination with each other.

[0113]

[0134] Moreover, unless otherwise indicated, numbers expressing quantities, configurations, distances, or other measures used in the specification and claims are to be understood as optionally modified by the term "about" or its synonyms. When terms such as "about," "approximately," or "substantially" are used in connection with a stated quantity, value, or condition, this can be interpreted to mean that the quantity, value, or condition deviates from the stated quantity, value, or condition by less than 20%, less than 10%, less than 5%, or less than 1%. At the very least, and without attempting to limit the application of the doctrine of equivalents to the scope of the claims, each numerical parameter should be construed in light of the number of reported significant digits and by applying ordinary rounding techniques.

[0114]

[0135] All headings and sub-headings used herein are for organizational purposes only and are not meant to be used to limit the scope of the description or the claims.

[0115]

[0136] It should also be noted that, as used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" do not exclude plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, embodiments that refer to a singular referent (e.g., a "widget") can also include two or more such referents.

[0116]

[0137] It will also be understood that the embodiments described herein may include properties, characteristics (e.g., components, components, members, elements, parts, and / or portions) described in other embodiments described herein. Accordingly, various features of a given embodiment may be combined with and / or incorporated into other embodiments of the present disclosure. Thus, the disclosure of a particular feature with respect to a particular embodiment of the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the application or inclusion of said feature to the particular embodiment. Conversely, it will be understood that other embodiments may also include such features.

[0117]

[0001] Furthermore, these methods can be implemented by a computer system including one or more processors and a computer-readable medium, such as a computer memory. In particular, the computer memory can store computer-executable instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause various functions to be performed, such as the operations described in the embodiments.

[0118]

[0002] The functionality of a computing system can be enhanced by its ability to be interconnected to other computing systems through network connections. Network connections may include, but are not limited to, connections via wired or wireless Ethernet, cellular connections, or even computer-to-computer connections via serial, parallel, USB, or other connections. These connections enable computing systems to access the services of the other computing systems and receive application data from the other computing systems quickly and efficiently.

[0119]

[0003] The interconnection of computing systems has facilitated distributed computing systems, such as so-called "cloud" computing systems. In this description, "cloud computing" can refer to systems or resources that enable ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, services, etc.) that can be provisioned and published with reduced administrative effort or service provider interaction. Cloud models can be composed of a variety of characteristics (e.g., on-demand self-service, broad network access, resource pooling, rapid scalability, measurable services, etc.), service models (e.g., Software as a Service ("SaaS"), Platform as a Service ("PaaS"), Infrastructure as a Service ("IaaS"), and implementation models (e.g., private cloud, community cloud, public cloud, hybrid cloud, etc.).

[0120] Cloud and remote-based service applications are also becoming popular. Such applications are hosted on public and private remote systems, such as the cloud, and typically provide a set of web-based services for interacting with clients.

[0121]

[0005] Many computers are intended to be used by direct user interaction with the computer. Accordingly, computers have input hardware and software user interfaces to facilitate user interaction. For example, modern general-purpose computers may include a keyboard, mouse, touchpad, camera, etc. to allow a user to input data into the computer. In addition, a variety of software user interfaces are also available.

[0122]

[0006] Examples of software user interfaces include graphical user interfaces, text command line based user interfaces, function key or hot key user interfaces, etc.

[0123]

[0007] The disclosed embodiments may comprise or utilize special purpose or general purpose computers, including computer hardware, as discussed in more detail below. The disclosed embodiments also include physical and other computer-readable media for carrying or storing computer-executable instructions and / or data structures. Such computer-readable media may be any available media that can be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer system. Computer-readable media that store computer-executable instructions are physical storage media. Computer-readable media that carry computer-executable instructions are transmission media. Thus, by way of example, and not limitation, embodiments of the present invention may include at least two distinctly different kinds of computer-readable media: physical computer-readable storage media and transmission computer-readable media.

[0124]

[0008] Physical computer-readable storage media include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage (CD, DVD, etc.), magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to store desired program code means in the form of computer-executable instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer.

[0125]

[0009] A "network" is defined as one or more data links that enable the transport of electronic data between computer systems and / or modules and / or other electronic devices. When information is transferred or provided over a network or another communications connection (hardwired, wireless, or a combination of hardwired or wireless) to a computer, the computer properly views the connection as a transmission medium. Transmission media can include networks and / or data links that can be used to carry program code in the form of computer-executable instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media.

[0126]

[0010] Furthermore, upon reaching various computer system components, program code means in the form of computer-executable instructions or data structures may be automatically transferred from transmission computer-readable media to physical computer-readable storage media (or vice versa). For example, computer-executable instructions or data structures received over a network or data link may be buffered in RAM within a network interface module (e.g., a "NIC") and then ultimately transferred to the computer system's RAM and / or to the computer system's low-volatility computer-readable physical storage media. Thus, computer-readable physical storage media may be included within computer system components that also utilize (or even primarily utilize) transmission media.

[0127]

[0011] Computer-executable instructions include, for example, instructions and data that cause a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, or a special-purpose processing device to perform a certain function or group of functions. Computer-executable instructions may be, for example, binaries, intermediate format instructions such as assembly language, or even source code. While the subject matter has been described in language specific to structural features and / or methodological acts, it should be understood that the subject matter defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the described features or acts. Rather, the described features and acts are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.

[0128] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention can be practiced in network computing environments having many types of computer system configurations, including personal computers, desktop computers, laptop computers, message processors, handheld devices, multiprocessor systems, microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronics, network PCs, minicomputers, mainframe computers, mobile telephones, PDAs, pagers, routers, switches, etc. The present invention can also be practiced in distributed system environments where tasks are performed by both local and remote computer systems that are linked through a network (by hardwired data links, wireless data links, or a combination of hardwired and wireless data links). In a distributed system environment, program modules can be located in both local and remote memory storage devices.

[0129] Alternatively or additionally, the functionality described herein may be performed, at least in part, by one or more hardware logic components, for example, but not limited to, examples of types of hardware logic components that may be used include Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), Program-Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Program-Specific Standard Products (ASSPs), System-on-a-Chip Systems (SOCs), Complex Programmable Logic Devices (CPLDs), etc.

[0130]

[0014] The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or characteristics. The described embodiments are to be considered in all respects only as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the invention is, therefore, defined by the appended claims, rather than the foregoing description. All changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are intended to be embraced within their scope.

Claims

1. 1. A method for simultaneous power and data transfer in a medical device, comprising: providing an elongated conductive member, at least a portion of the elongated conductive member configured to be inserted into an intraluminal space, the elongated conductive member including a proximal portion and a distal portion configured to conduct an electrical signal; allocating a signal space into a plurality of unique contiguous segments; uniquely assigning one of the plurality of unique contiguous segments to each of (i) a plurality of power channels or (ii) one or more signal channels; transmitting the electrical signal via the elongated conductive member to one or more sensors electrically connected to the elongated conductive member; collecting energy from the electrical signal in the plurality of power channels; and separating a transmitted data signal from at least one of the one or more signal channels, the data signal being transmitted via the elongated conductive member and the data signal being generated by the one or more sensors.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein both the proximal portion and the distal portion are electrically conductive.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the elongated conductive member includes a single conductive path extending from the proximal portion to the distal portion.

4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the elongated conductive member comprises a plurality of extensions removably attached to one another.

5. collecting energy from the plurality of power channels; transmitting energy in the plurality of power channels, the plurality of power channels comprising particular unique contiguous segments of the signal space; 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising: providing power to all of the one or more sensors through the plurality of power channels, each sensor of the one or more sensors configured to receive power from the particular unique contiguous segment of the signal space.

6. harvesting energy from the electrical signal in the plurality of power channels; transmitting energy in at least one of the plurality of power channels, the at least one of the plurality of power channels comprising a first unique contiguous segment of the signal space; transmitting energy in a second power channel of the plurality of power channels, the second power channel of the plurality of power channels comprising a second unique contiguous segment of the signal space; providing power to a first subset of the one or more sensors through the at least one of the plurality of power channels, each sensor of the first subset of the one or more sensors configured to receive energy from the first unique contiguous segment of the signal space; 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising: providing power to a second subset of the one or more sensors through the second power channel of the plurality of power channels, each sensor of the second subset of one or more sensors configured to receive energy from the second unique contiguous segment of the signal space.

7. allocating the signal space to the plurality of unique contiguous segments; specifying a plurality of unique consecutive time slots; uniquely assigning one of the plurality of unique contiguous segments to each of (i) the plurality of power channels or (ii) the one or more signal channels; uniquely assigning one of the plurality of unique consecutive time slots to each of (i) the plurality of power channels or (ii) the one or more signal channels; The method of claim 1.

8. allocating the signal space to the plurality of unique contiguous segments; specifying a plurality of unique contiguous frequency regions; uniquely assigning one of the plurality of unique contiguous segments to each of (i) the plurality of power channels or (ii) the one or more signal channels; uniquely assigning one of the plurality of unique contiguous frequency ranges to each of (i) the plurality of power channels or (ii) the one or more signal channels; The method of claim 1.

9. Separating a transmitted data signal from at least one of the one or more signal channels; 9. The method of claim 8, comprising separating a plurality of transmitted data signals in parallel, each data signal from the plurality of transmitted data signals being associated with a different unique contiguous frequency range selected from the plurality of unique contiguous frequency ranges.

10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more sensors include at least a first sensor of a first type and a second sensor of a second, different type.

11. The method of claim 1 , wherein transmitting power via the elongated conductive member to the one or more sensors electrically connected to the elongated conductive member comprises transmitting AC power.

12. 1. A medical device system for simultaneous power and data transfer, comprising: an elongated conductive member configured to have at least a portion inserted into the intraluminal space, the elongated conductive member including a proximal portion and a distal portion; one or more sensors electrically connected to the elongated conductive member; and one or more electrical components, wherein when activated, the one or more electrical components provide the medical device system with at least the following: allocating a signal space into a plurality of unique contiguous segments; uniquely assigning one of the plurality of unique contiguous segments to each of (i) a plurality of power channels or (ii) one or more signal channels; transmitting an electrical signal via the elongated conductive member to one or more sensors electrically connected to the elongated conductive member; collecting energy from the electrical signal in the plurality of power channels; and isolating a data signal transmitted through the elongated conductive member in at least one of the one or more signal channels, the data signal being generated by the one or more sensors.

13. The medical device system of claim 12 , wherein both the proximal portion and the distal portion are electrically conductive.

14. The medical device system of claim 12 , wherein the elongated conductive member includes a single conductive path extending from the proximal portion to the distal portion.

15. The medical device system of claim 14 , wherein the elongated conductive member includes a plurality of extensions removably attached to one another.

16. collecting energy from the plurality of power channels; transmitting energy in the plurality of power channels, the plurality of power channels comprising particular unique contiguous segments of the signal space; 13. The medical device system of claim 12, further comprising: providing power to all of the one or more sensors through the plurality of power channels, each sensor of the one or more sensors receiving energy from the particular unique contiguous segment of the signal space.

17. harvesting energy from the electrical signal in the plurality of power channels; transmitting energy in the at least one of the plurality of power channels, the at least one of the plurality of power channels comprising a first unique contiguous segment of the signal space; transmitting energy in a second power channel of the plurality of power channels, the second power channel of the plurality of power channels comprising a second unique contiguous segment of the signal space; providing energy to a first subset of the one or more sensors through the at least one of the plurality of power channels, each sensor of the first subset of the one or more sensors configured to receive energy from the first unique contiguous segment of the signal space; 13. The medical device system of claim 12, further comprising: providing energy to a second subset of the one or more sensors through the second power channel of the plurality of power channels, each sensor of the second subset of the one or more sensors configured to receive energy from the second unique contiguous segment of the signal space.

18. allocating the signal space to the plurality of unique contiguous segments; specifying a plurality of unique consecutive time slots; uniquely assigning one of the plurality of unique contiguous segments to each of (i) the plurality of power channels or (ii) the one or more signal channels; uniquely assigning one of the plurality of unique consecutive time slots to each of (i) the plurality of power channels or (ii) the one or more signal channels; The medical device system of claim 12.

19. allocating the signal space to the plurality of unique contiguous segments; specifying a plurality of unique contiguous frequency regions; uniquely assigning one of the plurality of unique contiguous segments to each of (i) the plurality of power channels or (ii) the one or more signal channels; uniquely assigning one of the plurality of unique contiguous frequency ranges to each of (i) the plurality of power channels or (ii) the one or more signal channels; The medical device system of claim 12.

20. Separating a transmitted data signal from at least one of the one or more signal channels; 20. The medical device system of claim 19, comprising separating a plurality of transmitted data signals in parallel, each data signal from the plurality of transmitted data signals being associated with a different unique contiguous frequency range selected from the plurality of unique contiguous frequency ranges.

21. 13. The medical device system of claim 12, wherein the one or more sensors are electrically connected to the elongated conductive member through a substrate, the substrate including electrical pathways connecting individual components within the one or more sensors.

22. 1. A computer-readable medium, including one or more physical computer-readable storage media having stored thereon computer-executable instructions, the computer-executable instructions, when executed by one or more processors, causing a computer system to perform a method for simultaneous power and data transfer in a single-item medical device, the method comprising: providing an elongated conductive member, at least a portion of the elongated conductive member configured to be inserted into an intraluminal space, the elongated conductive member including a proximal portion and a distal portion configured to conduct an electrical signal; allocating a signal space into a plurality of unique contiguous segments; uniquely assigning one of the plurality of unique contiguous segments to each of (i) a plurality of power channels or (ii) one or more signal channels; transmitting the electrical signal via the elongated conductive member to one or more sensors electrically connected to the elongated conductive member; collecting energy from the electrical signal in the plurality of power channels; and isolating a transmitted data signal in at least one of the one or more signal channels via the elongated conductive member, the transmitted data signal being generated by the one or more sensors.

23. 1. A method for simultaneous power and data transfer in a medical device, comprising: providing an elongated conductive member, at least a portion of which is configured to be inserted into an intraluminal space, the elongated conductive member including a proximal portion and a distal portion configured to conduct an electrical signal, the elongated conductive member including a single conductive path extending from the proximal portion to the distal portion; allocating a signal space into a plurality of unique contiguous segments; uniquely assigning one of the plurality of unique contiguous segments to each of (i) a plurality of power channels or (ii) one or more signal channels; transmitting the electrical signal via the elongated conductive member to one or more sensors electrically connected to the elongated conductive member; collecting energy from the electrical signal in the plurality of power channels; and separating a transmitted data signal from at least one of the one or more signal channels, the data signal being transmitted via the elongated conductive member and the data signal being generated by the one or more sensors.

24. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the elongated conductive member comprises an electrically conductive guidewire.

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