Electromagnetic Radiation Systems

Abstract

An electromagnetic radiation system (100) for directing a beam of electromagnetic radiation at a target (130), the electromagnetic radiation system including an electromagnetic radiation source (110) for providing the beam of electromagnetic radiation, a head (120) for projecting the beam of electromagnetic radiation at the target (130), and an umbilical assembly (140) configured to connect the electromagnetic radiation source (110) to the head (120) and to convey the beam of electromagnetic radiation to the head. The electromagnetic radiation system further includes an optical isolator (150) disposed between the electromagnetic radiation source (110) and the umbilical assembly (140).

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE Aspects and implementations of the present disclosure relate generally to laser scanning and laser marking equipment. [Background technology]

[0002] Current laser markers and scanners have limitations during automated production operations on packaging and part marking production lines. Typically, current laser markers and scanners are fixed within the production system relative to the article being marked.

[0003] Known laser marking systems often include multiple large housings for their different components. For example, known laser marking systems often include a housing for the laser source, a housing for the extraction device, a housing for the cooling system, a large radiation shielding unit that encases a portion of the production line, and multiple flexible cables and / or conduits that connect the different components of the laser marking system. As a result, known laser marking systems tend to be large, heavy, and cumbersome systems that are inflexible in use and difficult to install on and maneuver around the production line. Safety requirements (e.g., radiation safety requirements and / or fume exhaust requirements) associated with known laser marking systems also add to the difficulty of installing and safely using known laser marking systems. Typically, in order to install and use known laser marking systems, production line owners must first complete a production line evaluation with a safety manager so that customized laser marking system components (e.g., radiation shielding units) can be designed and built for their unique production line, resulting in a costly and time-consuming process. As a result of the difficulties associated with known laser marking systems, production line owners have become reluctant to replace different marking systems (e.g., continuous ink jet marking systems) with known laser marking systems. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] International Publication No. 2019 / 101886 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] It is an object of the present invention to provide a laser marking system that obviates or mitigates one or more problems of the prior art, whether identified herein or elsewhere. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] Aspects and embodiments disclosed herein facilitate the integration and operation of optical scanning or marking systems, such as laser scanning or marking systems, into production systems.

[0007] In a first aspect, there is provided an electromagnetic radiation system for directing a beam of electromagnetic radiation at a target, the system including an electromagnetic radiation source for providing the beam of electromagnetic radiation, a head for projecting the beam of electromagnetic radiation at the target, and an umbilical assembly configured to connect the electromagnetic radiation source to the head and to convey the beam of electromagnetic radiation to the head, the electromagnetic radiation system further including an optical isolator disposed between the electromagnetic radiation source and the umbilical assembly.

[0008] The electromagnetic radiation source may include an optical gain medium. The electromagnetic radiation source may include a fiber laser. The electromagnetic radiation source may include a fiber optic amplifier. An optical isolator may be disposed between the fiber optic amplifier and the umbilical. The fiber optic amplifier may be a final optical amplification stage of the electromagnetic radiation system. The fiber optic amplifier may be a final optical gain medium of the electromagnetic radiation system. The electromagnetic radiation beam may be sufficiently amplified before being emitted from the electromagnetic radiation source.

[0009] The head may include a collimator, which may be configured to receive the electromagnetic radiation produced by the electromagnetic radiation source from the umbilical assembly.

[0010] Fiber lasers allow for efficient laser light guidance within the fiber core. It is relatively easy to combine fiber-based components, and thus laser light can be guided relatively easily between fiber-based components in a laser marking system. In contrast, once laser light leaves the fiber and becomes a free-space laser, it is difficult to accurately and reliably refocus it, e.g., couple it back into an optical fiber. Optical isolators typically consist of three different components that require light to travel through free space. A typical fiber laser marking system is configured such that an optical isolator is provided in the marking head so that the light travels through the fiber-based components until it transitions to free space within the marking head. Therefore, a typical fiber laser marking system provides an optical isolator within the marking head of the fiber laser marking system. The inventors realized that the dimensions of the marking head could be significantly improved by providing an optical isolator separate from the marking head.

[0011] The electromagnetic radiation system may be, for example, a laser marking system, although it will be appreciated that the electromagnetic radiation system may also be used for purposes other than laser marking, such as laser welding, laser cutting, and laser drilling.

[0012] The umbilical assembly may include an optical fiber configured to transmit the electromagnetic radiation beam from the laser source to the head. The optical fiber configured to transmit the electromagnetic radiation beam from the laser source to the head may be a passive fiber. The optical isolator may be provided after (i.e., optically downstream from) any optical amplifier component in the optical path defined between the electromagnetic radiation source and the target. Thus, the optical isolator may be provided between the optical fiber amplifier and the passive fiber. The optical fiber amplifier may function to transport and amplify the electromagnetic radiation beam, whereas the passive fiber may only function to transport the electromagnetic radiation beam.

[0013] The length of the optical fiber can be longer than the length of the umbilical assembly. The collimator can be optically coupled to the optical isolator by the optical fiber. The collimator and / or the optical isolator can be integrally formed with the optical fiber. The collimator and / or the optical isolator can be coupled such that they are inseparable from the optical fiber once coupled.

[0014] The umbilical assembly can include one or more wires configured to detect faults in the optical fiber. The system can further include a monitor configured to monitor an electrical characteristic of the one or more wires. The monitor can be configured to monitor the continuity of the one or more wires.

[0015] The umbilical assembly can include an elongated member having a relatively low elasticity. The elongated member can be mechanically coupled to the cabinet and / or the marking head. The length of the optical fiber relative to the length of the umbilical assembly and / or the elongated member can prevent or reduce damage to the optical fiber caused by stretching the optical fiber during installation of the system, for example, in a production environment.

[0016] The system can further include a cabinet. The electromagnetic radiation source can be configured within the cabinet. An optical isolator can further be configured within the cabinet. The cabinet can be located at a first location and the head can be located at a second location remote from the cabinet. An umbilical can transmit optical and electrical signals from the cabinet to the head. The head can accommodate relatively small components, while the cabinet can accommodate relatively large components, thereby providing a compact head. The compact head allows the laser system to be easily installed within a production environment.

[0017] The system can further include a movable assembly. The movable assembly can be configured to move the head relative to the target. For example, the movable assembly can form part of a CNC machine or a robot arm. In use, the movable assembly can move the head relative to the target of the electromagnetic radiation. Thus, in this embodiment, the laser system can be installed and used in environments where it was not previously possible.

[0018] The system may further include a holder for the head. The system may be configured to emit electromagnetic radiation from the head when the head is in a predetermined configuration with respect to the holder, but to prevent emission of electromagnetic radiation from the head when the head and holder are not in the predetermined configuration. It will be appreciated that the compact overall dimensions of the heads shown herein are such that additional safety features to prevent accidental or mistaken emission of electromagnetic radiation may be desirable.

[0019] In a second aspect, there is provided a method for manufacturing an electromagnetic radiation system. The radiation system can include a head for projecting a beam of electromagnetic radiation onto a target, an umbilical housing including an elongated tube having a first opening at a first end and a second opening at a second end, and an optical assembly including a collimator and an optical isolator connected by an optical fiber for receiving electromagnetic radiation from an electromagnetic radiation source. The method can include passing the collimator through the umbilical housing from the first opening to the second opening and configuring the collimator in the head.

[0020] The optical isolator, collimator, and optical fiber can be integrally formed. That is, the isolator, collimator, and optical fiber can be such that these components are inseparable from one another once they are manufactured during subsequent assembly of the electromagnetic radiation system. Configuring the collimator within the head can include securing the collimator within the head. The collimator can be secured to direct the collimated beam to a steering mechanism on the head that allows for variable direction of the collimated beam relative to the target. The electromagnetic radiation source can include a fiber laser. The electromagnetic radiation system can be a laser marking system, although it will be understood that the subject matter described herein can be used in systems other than laser marking systems. The elongated tube can have a continuous diameter and no openings other than those at the first and second ends. That is, the elongated tube can be formed to require items to be threaded along the length of the tube (e.g., rather than opening the side of the tube to insert a component). In some embodiments, the elongated tube can have openings other than the first and second ends, e.g., that provide access ports but do not extend along the length of the tube. If an opening other than the first end and the second end is provided, the opening can be sealed with another component during use, or the opening can be provided to facilitate sealing. When installed within the conduit housing, the optical fiber is surrounded by the elongated tubing such that the optical fiber cannot be withdrawn from the conduit housing without passing through a majority of the tubing. While this can provide benefits in terms of hygiene and cleaning, for example, providing an umbilical that is resistant to fluid ingress and can meet IP standards, it can also limit the manufacturing process given that integrally formed components or components that are difficult to separate once connected must be connected or threaded through the umbilical during manufacturing.The present inventors have realised that it is possible to provide an optical assembly including a collimator and an optical isolator connected by optical fibres which allows for the production of a system having a relatively compact head whilst also providing an advantageous umbilical.

[0021] In a third aspect, there is provided an electromagnetic radiation system for directing a beam of electromagnetic radiation at a target, the system including a head configured to be held by a holder, the system being configured to allow use of the head only when the head is held by the holder in a predetermined configuration determined based on interactions between cooperating features of the holder and the head.

[0022] Use of the head refers to use of the head to emit a beam of electromagnetic radiation at a target. Because the beam of electromagnetic radiation may be harmful if directed towards an operator or an unshielded area, it is advantageous to provide a safety device that prevents operation if safety cannot be assured. Cooperating features of the holder and head may be configured to ensure the head is in a safe configuration.

[0023] The cooperating features of the holder and the marking head may include a switch and a switch actuator. One of the switch and the switch actuator may be provided on the marking head, and the other of the switch and the switch actuator may be provided on the holder. The switch may be protected from accidental activation. The switch may be disposed in a recess. The recess may protect the switch so that it cannot be accidentally activated. The recess may be provided within a housing of the head. The switch actuator may include a protruding feature configured to extend into the recess and activate the switch when the head is received in the holder in a predetermined configuration. The electromagnetic radiation system may include a plurality of switches and a respective plurality of switch actuators. For example, in some embodiments, two switches may be provided on opposite sides of the head. The head may be a cylindrical head.

[0024] The electromagnetic radiation system may include an electronic identifier configured to determine whether the system is in a predetermined configuration. The predetermined configuration may be a secure configuration. The holder may be configured to releasably secure the marking head within the holder. The holder may be configured to releasably secure the marking head in a predetermined configuration. The electromagnetic radiation system may include a plurality of holders, each of the plurality of holders configured to hold the marking head in a different marking configuration. The system may be configured to permit use of the head only when the head is held by one of the plurality of holders in a respective one of a plurality of predetermined configurations. Each of the predetermined configurations may be a secure configuration. The system may be configured to identify which holder the head is held by based on an interaction between cooperating features of the one of the holders and the head. The electromagnetic radiation beam may be a laser beam. The system may be a laser marking system. The head may be referred to as a marking head. The system may include a holder.

[0025] According to a fourth aspect, there is provided a system comprising an electromagnetic irradiation system according to the first or third aspect and a processing line configured to transport products to be processed past a processing station, wherein the electromagnetic radiation system is configured to direct a radiation beam at the products located at the processing station.

[0026] The electromagnetic radiation system may include any of the features described above in relation to the first aspect and the features described above in relation to the third aspect. The electromagnetic radiation system may include a combination of the features described above in relation to the first aspect and the features described above in relation to the third aspect.

[0027] The system may further include a safety shield configured to substantially enclose the processing station, the head being the only component of said electromagnetic radiation system provided within the safety shield.

[0028] In this way, the size of the enclosed area can be minimized, leaving larger components of the electromagnetic radiation system (eg, the electromagnetic radiation source and optical isolator) outside the safety shield.

[0029] The umbilical may extend outward from the safety shield to provide connection to the remaining components of the electromagnetic radiation system; i.e., a portion of the umbilical assembly may also reside within the safety shield. In such a configuration, the marking head may still be considered the only component of the radiation system that resides within (e.g., is completely within) the safety shield.

[0030] The system may further include a moveable assembly configured to support the head and move the head relative to the product located at the processing station.

[0031] By providing a compact marking head, the marking head can be easily mounted on a movable assembly (eg, a robotic arm) to enable marking to be performed in a wide range of applications.

[0032] In this way, a single marking head can be used to mark (or otherwise process) multiple sides of a product, avoiding the need for complex manipulation of the product or the need to provide multiple marking systems or marking heads.

[0033] The moveable assembly can be configured to move the marking head in three dimensions.

[0034] The movable assembly may be configured to move between a first configuration and a second configuration relative to a product located at the processing station, and the electromagnetic radiation system may be configured to apply a mark to the product in at least one of the first and second configurations.

[0035] The electromagnetic radiation system can be configured to apply a first mark to a first portion of the product when the head is in a first configuration and to apply a second mark to a second portion of the product when the head is in a second configuration. The first mark and the second mark can be different. The first portion and the second portion can be different. In this manner, the effective field of view of the marking system can be increased.

[0036] The system may include at least two head mounting positions for mounting the heads, each mounting position configured to support a head so that it can project a beam of electromagnetic radiation onto a product provided at a processing position.

[0037] Each head mounting location may include a respective holder.

[0038] By providing a compact marking head and a system with two or more mounting locations, a flexible marking system can be provided that can be quickly reconfigured to mark different products.

[0039] According to a further aspect, there is provided a system including an electromagnetic radiation system for directing a beam of electromagnetic radiation at a product and a processing line configured to transport the product to be processed past a processing station. The electromagnetic radiation system includes an electromagnetic radiation source for providing the beam of electromagnetic radiation, a head for projecting the electromagnetic radiation beam at the product, and an umbilical assembly configured to connect the electromagnetic radiation source to the head and convey the electromagnetic radiation beam to the head. The electromagnetic radiation system is configured to direct the radiation beam at the product located at the processing station.

[0040] The head may be a marking head having compact outer dimensions. The marking head may have a first dimension in a first direction of less than about 400 mm and a second dimension in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction of less than about 60 mm. The marking head may have a third dimension in a third direction perpendicular to the first and second directions of less than about 60 mm. The marking head may be substantially cylindrical.

[0041] The system may further include a safety shield configured to substantially enclose the processing station, said head being the only component of the electromagnetic radiation system provided within the safety shield.

[0042] Providing a head with compact outer dimensions provides a more versatile system and allows for a smaller safety enclosure for the processing station, thus minimizing the size of the enclosed area and allowing larger components of the electromagnetic radiation system (e.g., the electromagnetic radiation source and optical isolator, if present) to remain outside the safety shield.

[0043] The umbilical may extend outward from the safety shield to provide connection to the remaining components of the electromagnetic radiation system; i.e., a portion of the umbilical assembly may also reside within the safety shield. In such a configuration, the marking head may still be considered the only component of the radiation system that resides within (e.g., is completely within) the safety shield.

[0044] The system can further include a moveable assembly configured to support the head and move the head relative to the product located at the processing station. By providing a compact marking head, the marking head can be easily mounted on a moveable assembly (e.g., a robotic arm) to enable marking to be performed in a wide range of applications.

[0045] In this way, a single marking head can be used to mark (or otherwise process) multiple sides of a product, avoiding the need for complex manipulation of the product or the need to provide multiple marking systems or marking heads.

[0046] The moveable assembly can be configured to move the marking head in three dimensions.

[0047] The movable assembly may be configured to move between a first configuration and a second configuration relative to a product located at the processing station, and the electromagnetic radiation system may be configured to apply a mark to the product in at least one of the first and second configurations.

[0048] The electromagnetic radiation system can be configured to apply a first mark to a first portion of the product when the head is in a first configuration and to apply a second mark to a second portion of the product when the head is in a second configuration. The first mark and the second mark can be different. The first portion and the second portion can be different. In this manner, the effective field of view of the marking system can be increased.

[0049] The system may include at least two head mounting positions for mounting the heads, each mounting position configured to support a head so that it can project a beam of electromagnetic radiation onto a product provided at a processing position.

[0050] Each head mounting location may include a respective holder.

[0051] By providing a compact marking head and a system with two or more mounting locations, a flexible marking system can be provided that can be quickly reconfigured to mark different products.

[0052] The electromagnetic radiation system may further include an optical isolator disposed between the electromagnetic radiation source and the umbilical assembly.

[0053] The electromagnetic radiation source may include an optical gain medium. The electromagnetic radiation source may include a fiber laser. The electromagnetic radiation source may include a fiber optic amplifier. An optical isolator may be disposed between the fiber optic amplifier and the umbilical. The fiber optic amplifier may be a final optical amplification stage of the electromagnetic radiation system. The fiber optic amplifier may be a final optical gain medium of the electromagnetic radiation system. The electromagnetic radiation beam may be sufficiently amplified before being emitted from the electromagnetic radiation source.

[0054] The head may include a collimator, which may be configured to receive the electromagnetic radiation produced by the electromagnetic radiation source from the umbilical assembly.

[0055] Fiber lasers allow for efficient laser light guidance within the fiber core. It is relatively easy to combine fiber-based components, and thus laser light can be guided relatively easily between fiber-based components in a laser marking system. In contrast, once laser light leaves the fiber and becomes a free-space laser, it is difficult to accurately and reliably refocus it, e.g., couple it back into an optical fiber. Optical isolators typically consist of three different components that require light to travel through free space. A typical fiber laser marking system is configured such that an optical isolator is provided in the marking head so that the light travels through the fiber-based components until it transitions to free space within the marking head. Therefore, a typical fiber laser marking system provides an optical isolator within the marking head of the fiber laser marking system. The inventors realized that the dimensions of the marking head could be significantly improved by providing an optical isolator separate from the marking head.

[0056] The electromagnetic radiation system may be, for example, a laser marking system. However, it will be understood that the electromagnetic radiation system may be used for purposes other than laser marking, such as laser welding, laser cutting, and laser drilling. Such processes may be collectively referred to as "processing."

[0057] The umbilical assembly may include an optical fiber configured to transmit the electromagnetic radiation beam from the laser source to the head. The optical fiber configured to transmit the electromagnetic radiation beam from the laser source to the head may be a passive fiber. The optical isolator may be provided after (i.e., optically downstream from) any optical amplifier component in the optical path defined between the electromagnetic radiation source and the target. Thus, the optical isolator may be provided between the optical fiber amplifier and the passive fiber. The optical fiber amplifier may function to transport and amplify the electromagnetic radiation beam, whereas the passive fiber may only function to transport the electromagnetic radiation beam.

[0058] The length of the optical fiber can be longer than the length of the umbilical assembly. The collimator can be optically coupled to the optical isolator by the optical fiber. The collimator and / or the optical isolator can be integrally formed with the optical fiber. The collimator and / or the optical isolator can be coupled such that they are inseparable from the optical fiber once coupled.

[0059] The umbilical assembly can include one or more wires configured to detect faults in the optical fiber. The system can further include a monitor configured to monitor an electrical characteristic of the one or more wires. The monitor can be configured to monitor the continuity of the one or more wires.

[0060] The umbilical assembly can include an elongated member having a relatively low elasticity. The elongated member can be mechanically coupled to the cabinet and / or the marking head. The length of the optical fiber relative to the length of the umbilical assembly and / or the elongated member can prevent or reduce damage to the optical fiber caused by stretching the optical fiber during installation of the system, for example, in a production environment.

[0061] The system may further include a cabinet. The electromagnetic radiation source may be provided within the cabinet. An optical isolator may further be provided within the cabinet. The cabinet may be located at a first location and the head may be located at a second location remote from the cabinet. An umbilical may carry optical and electrical signals from the cabinet to the head. The head may accommodate relatively small components, while the cabinet may accommodate relatively large components, thus providing a compact head. The compact head may allow the laser system to be easily installed within a production environment.

[0062] The system may further include a holder for the head. The system may be configured to emit electromagnetic radiation from the head when the head is in a predetermined configuration with respect to the holder, but to prevent emission of electromagnetic radiation from the head when the head and holder are not in the predetermined configuration. It will be appreciated that the compact overall dimensions of the heads shown herein are such that additional safety features to prevent accidental or mistaken emission of electromagnetic radiation may be desirable.

[0063] The electromagnetic radiation system may include any of the further features discussed above in relation to the first, second, third or fourth aspects, in combination or alone.

[0064] Generally speaking, it will be understood that embodiments can be combined so that features described in the context of one embodiment can be implemented in other embodiments.

[0065] The accompanying drawings are not intended to be drawn to scale. In the drawings, like numerals represent each identical or nearly identical component shown in the various figures. For purposes of clarity, not every component may be labeled in every drawing. Embodiments of the present invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying schematic drawings, in which: [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0066] [Figure 1] 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an exemplary laser marking system. [Figure 2] 2 is a schematic enlarged cross-sectional view of a marking head of the laser marking system of FIG. 1. [Figure 3] FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the cabinet of the laser marking system of FIG. 1. [Figure 4] 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an umbilical assembly of the laser marking system of FIG. 1. [Figure 5] 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a known laser marking system; [Figure 6] 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an exemplary laser marking system. [Figure 7] 7A and 7B are schematic end and side cross-sectional views of the marking head and marking head holder of the laser marking system of FIG. 6. [Figure 8] 1 is a schematic diagram of a system including a processing line and a laser marking system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0067] The aspects and embodiments disclosed herein are not limited to the details of construction and the arrangement of components set forth in the following description or illustrated in the drawings. The aspects and embodiments disclosed herein can be practiced or carried out in various ways.

[0068] Although aspects and embodiments disclosed herein include laser systems such as laser scanning systems or marking systems, aspects may also include other laser systems, such as laser drilling systems and laser welding systems. Laser systems can be utilized in production lines for various types of articles or products. Laser marking systems can be utilized to imprint bar codes, unique identification marks, expiration dates, or other information on items passing through the production line. In some implementations, fiber lasers can be used in laser marking systems. Fiber lasers can generate light beams of various wavelengths depending on the active element used, but typically range from about 1000 nm to 2100 nm. Lasers utilized in laser marking systems typically operate at laser power levels of tens of watts, although laser power levels of several kilowatts are also possible. Lasers can be pulsed or operated as continuous wave. Pulsed operation is typically used for low-power applications such as marking and coding, while continuous wave operation is used for high-power applications such as cutting and welding.

[0069] However, the laser system is not limited to fiber lasers, but other forms of lasers can also be used, including bulk solid state lasers, gas lasers, diode lasers and dye lasers.

[0070] FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a laser marking system 100 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Laser marking system 100 includes an electromagnetic radiation source, such as a laser source 110, for providing a laser beam, and a marking head 120 for projecting the laser beam toward a product 130. Laser source 110 and marking head 120 are connected by an umbilical assembly 140, which conveys the laser beam from laser source 110 to marking head 120. The laser beam may be received by a collimator disposed within marking head 120. Marking head 120 is described in more detail below with reference to FIG. 2, and the umbilical is described in more detail below with reference to FIG. 4.

[0071] Laser marking system 100 further includes an optical isolator 150 between laser source 110 and umbilical 140 such that the optical path of the laser beam provided by laser source 110 passes through optical isolator 150 before entering umbilical 140. Laser source 110 and the optical isolator may be housed within cabinet 160. The cabinet, and additional components that may be housed within the cabinet, are described below with reference to FIG. 3.

[0072] FIG. 1 shows the optical paths of the laser beam from laser source 110 to product 130, shown schematically as optical paths 170a-170e. First optical path 170a is defined between the output of laser source 110 and optical isolator 150. The first optical path may be provided by an optical fiber, such as a fiber optic amplifier. Second optical path 170b is defined through optical isolator 150. Second optical path 170b transmits light from laser source 110 to umbilical 140 while preventing light from transmitting from umbilical 140 to laser source 110. The optical isolator therefore prevents light received within the umbilical through marking head 120, such as reflected light emitted from a print head, from entering laser source 110 and potentially damaging laser source 110.

[0073] A third optical path 170c is defined through the umbilical 140. The third optical path may be provided by another optical fiber, such as a transport fiber (sometimes referred to as a passive optical fiber). A fourth optical path 170d is defined through the marking head, and a fifth optical path 170e is defined from the marking head to the product 130. Generally, the fourth optical path includes one or more components that allow the optical path of the laser beam to be modified as it passes through the marking head. When the fourth optical path 170d is modified within the marking head, the fifth optical path 170e is also modified to intersect the product 130 at one of a plurality of marking locations. Thus, the laser beam emitted from the laser source 110 can be controlled to mark the product 130 (or, in other embodiments, cut or weld a surface) at any one of a plurality of marking locations. It will be understood that the other optical paths 170a-170e may also include additional components that modify the optical path within or between components.

[0074] By providing an optical isolator 150 between the first optical path 170a provided by the optical fiber amplifier (i.e., the active gain medium) and the third optical path 170c provided by the transport optical fiber (i.e., the passive fiber), it can be appreciated that although light reflected from the product 130 to be marked (or other reflective surfaces or internal components of the marking head 120) may reach and be transported by the passive transport fiber, these reflected light cannot reach the optical fiber amplifier. If such reflections reach the optical fiber amplifier, they may be further amplified and cause serious damage to the optical fiber amplifier and / or other components of the laser light source.

[0075] Viewed another way, optical isolators are provided in the optical path downstream of the last gain stage or optical amplifier (i.e., 170a-170e), but crucially not within marking head 120. Thus, the laser source (and any active amplification components) are protected from potentially harmful back reflections, while maintaining the compact size of marking head 120 (which would normally house an optical isolator). No optical isolator components are provided (or needed) outside of cabinet 160.

[0076] In use, the controller converts marking instructions into control signals so that the laser source 110 and marking head 120 perform a laser marking on the surface of the product.

[0077] Fiber lasers allow for effective laser light guidance within fiber cores that can be as small as 9 micrometers in diameter. It is relatively easy to combine fiber-based components, and thus laser light can be guided relatively easily between fiber-based components in a laser marking system. In contrast, once laser light leaves the fiber and becomes a free-space laser, it is difficult to accurately and stably refocus it, for example, by combining it back into a 9-micrometer fiber core. Optical isolators typically consist of three distinct components that require light to travel through free space. Therefore, a typical fiber laser marking system is configured such that an optical isolator is provided with the marking head so that light exits the fiber-based component, travels through the fiber-based component until it enters free space within the marking head in the optical isolator, and is then controlled through the marking head in free space. However, given the typical size requirements of an optical isolator, the inventors realized that the dimensions of the marking head could be significantly improved by providing an optical isolator separate from the marking head.

[0078] Figure 2 is a schematic, enlarged cross-sectional view of the marking head 120 of Figure 1. The marking head 120 includes a receiver 210 that receives a laser beam from the umbilical 140 into the marking head, a steering mechanism 220 configured to modify the optical path of the laser beam passing through the marking head, and optics 230 that direct the laser beam from the marking head toward the product 130. The steering mechanism 220 enables the laser beam to be directed toward the product to intersect with and mark the product at one of a plurality of marking locations.

[0079] The receiver 210 can include a fiber collimator configured to receive the laser beam from the umbilical and condition the radiation as desired before directing it to other components of the marking head, such as a steering mechanism 220 (which can steer the radiation emitted from the marking head as desired).

[0080] In some embodiments, steering mechanism 220 is configured to have a compact overall size. For example, steering mechanism 220 can include first and second actuators configured to rotate the respective optical elements. The first and second actuators can be, for example, first and second galvanometers. The rotation axes of the first and second drive mechanisms can be parallel. The rotation axes can also be parallel to the incident laser beam. Steering mechanisms that enable compact overall sizes are described in WO 2019 / 101886, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0081] The marking head 120 may be substantially cylindrical. The marking head 120 may have a first dimension in a first direction of less than about 400 mm and a second dimension in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction of less than about 60 mm. The marking head 120 may have a third dimension in a third direction perpendicular to the first and second directions of less than about 60 mm. Providing an isolator separate from the marking head allows for compact overall dimensions not previously achievable.

[0082] The marking head 120 may further include various other components. For example, the marking head 120 may include a focus modifier 240 configured to adjust the focal plane of the laser marking system 100. The marking head 120 may further include an outlet 250 that emits compressed air from the marking head to form an air knife. The marking head 120 may further include focusing optics (not shown). The laser marking system may further include a detector configured to detect the presence of the product 130. The detector may include, for example, a camera. The marking head may further include a radiation shield (not shown).

[0083] The marking head 120 may include a cooling system for cooling components (e.g., the steering mechanism 220 and / or the actuator of the focus corrector 240). The cooling system may be configured to cool components of the marking head 120 using a fluid supplied to the marking head. The fluid may be supplied to cool at least one component of the marking head 120 while isolating the fluid from the optical path of the laser, for example, by providing a fluid flow path through the housing of the marking head 120 that intersects with the component to be cooled. The component may intersect with the fluid flow path through the housing to provide a portion of the fluid flow path. The fluid may be emitted from an outlet 250 of the marking head 120. The outlet 250 may be configured to emit the fluid from the marking head to reduce interaction of materials generated by the interaction of the laser beam with the surface of the product with the print head, for example, by an air knife. That is, the same fluid used to cool components within the marking head may also be used as an air knife. It will be appreciated that by providing a compact form of the marking head enabled by the subject matter described herein, cooling components within the marking head 120 may be beneficial.

[0084] Referring now to FIG. 3, the cabinet 160 of FIG. 1 is shown in more detail. As described above, the cabinet 160 houses the laser light source 110 and the optical isolator 150. The cabinet may further house a cooling system 310 configured to generate a fluid flow that cools components within the marking head 120. The cooling system may include, for example, an air compressor, and the fluid may be compressed air, although it will be understood that fluids other than air may also be used. As described below with reference to FIG. 4, the fluid may be supplied to the marking head through an umbilical or via a fluid path separate from the umbilical. For example, the fluid may be supplied at a flow rate of approximately 20 liters per minute. This fluid may further be used to reduce interaction of materials generated by the interaction of the laser beam with the surface of the product with the print head, for example, by an air knife, as described above with reference to FIG. 2.

[0085] The cooling system 310 can be further configured to cool the laser source 110. For example, the cooling system 310 can be configured to cool the laser source 110 by directing a flow of fluid toward the laser source 110. The fluid can be supplied to the laser source 110 after filtering. The fluid can be supplied to the laser source 110 before being used to cool the marking head 120. To provide effective cooling, the fluid supplied to the laser source can be supplied at a higher flow rate than the flow rate supplied to the marking head. The flow rate required to cool the laser source 110 can depend at least in part on the distribution of the heat load on the laser source 110, the duty cycle of the laser source 110, etc. In some embodiments, the cooling system 310 can also use a portion of the fluid used to cool the laser source to cool components within the marking head.

[0086] The cooling system 310 can include a fan 320 configured to generate a flow of the extracted fluid. The cooling system 310 can include a filter 330 configured to filter the fluid. The filter 300 can be replaced after collecting a given amount of material. The filter 300 can include multiple filters configured to filter the fluid depending on the application. For example, the cooling fluid can be filtered by a first filter. In some embodiments, the fluid used to extract the material from the marking head can be returned to the cabinet and reused for cooling. If such air recirculation is used, additional and / or specialized filters may be required to extract the material from the air before it is reused for cooling. In some embodiments, three filters can be applied: a first filter to filter the cooling air for the marking head, a second filter to filter the cooling air for the system (laser source, power supply, electronics), and an additional specialized filter to filter the air used to extract the material from the marking head.

[0087] The cabinet 160 may include a chiller 340 configured to cool the fluid before it is directed toward the laser source. The chiller 340 may include, for example, a compressor or a heat exchanger.

[0088] The cabinet 160 may further include a power supply 350 configured to provide power to the laser light source 110. The cooling system 310 may be configured to cool the power supply 350. The cabinet 160 may further include a controller 360 to control the laser light source 110, the cooling system 310, and / or the marking head 120. The cooling system 310 may be configured to cool the controller 270.

[0089] Figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the umbilical assembly 140 of Figure 1. The umbilical assembly 140 includes an umbilical housing 410 that houses one or more conduits that carry one or more components from the cabinet 160 to the marking head 120. The one or more conduits include an optical fiber 420 that carries a laser beam. The one or more conduits may further include a conductive cable 430. The one or more conduits may further include a duct 440 that carries a fluid, such as a fluid that cools one or more components of the marking head described above. The optical fiber 420 may include one or more fiber fault detector wires 425, as described in more detail below.

[0090] The umbilical housing 410 can comprise a continuous tube. That is, the umbilical housing 410 can have openings only at one end and no other additional openings or openable portions. The inner diameter of the umbilical housing is large enough to accommodate the collimator 210 of the marking head of the laser marking system shown in FIG. 2 . The collimator, isolator, and optical fiber 420 can comprise an optical assembly. The optical assembly can be manufactured such that the collimator and / or isolator cannot be separated from the optical fiber 420 after its manufacture. An integrally formed optical assembly can be provided during manufacturing of the laser marking system. The collimator can be configured within the marking head 120 through the umbilical housing, and the isolator can be configured within the cabinet 160. By placing the isolator within the cabinet, the inner diameter of the umbilical housing can be relatively small because a relatively small collimator can be passed through the umbilical housing while maintaining a connection between the collimator and isolator.

[0091] The umbilical assembly 140 can be reversibly connected to the marking head 120 of the laser marking system 100 of FIG. 1 . The umbilical assembly can be reversibly connected to the cabinet 160 of the laser marking system 100 of FIG. 1 . The umbilical assembly 140 can be reversibly sealed to the marking head 120 and the cabinet 160 of the laser marking system 100 of FIG. 1 to prevent the ingress of fluids or debris. The exterior surface of the umbilical housing 410 can comprise a chemically resistant material, a heat resistant material, a watertight material, and / or a sanitary material. The exterior surface of the umbilical housing 410 can be smooth.

[0092] The conductive cable 430 can be configured to carry control signals, for example, from the controller 360 (shown in FIG. 3) to the steering mechanism 220 (shown in FIG. 2). The conductive cable 430 can be configured to carry one or more sensor signals, for example, from components such as galvanometers and / or sensors located within the marking head to the controller 360 and / or a user interface of the laser marking system 100. For example, signals indicative of the position of the galvanometer can be carried from the galvanometer to the controller to provide position feedback to the controller. The conductive cable 430 can be configured to carry power and signals to other components within the marking head, for example, from the power supply 350 (shown in FIG. 1) to the focus corrector 240 (shown in FIG. 2).

[0093] In some embodiments, the umbilical assembly 140 can include features to prevent damage to one or more conduits, for example, during configuration of the laser marking system 100. In one embodiment, one or more conduits can be longer than the length of the umbilical housing 410. That is, one or more of the conduits can be provided with an additional portion, which prevents the one or more conduits from stretching when the umbilical housing 410 stretches. Optical fibers are typically relatively inflexible, and stretching the optical fiber can result in damage to the optical fiber. Therefore, the optical fiber 420, among others, can have such an additional portion. The additional portion can be provided in any convenient location within the umbilical assembly. For example, the additional portion can be provided adjacent the connection of the umbilical assembly to one or both of the marking head and / or cabinet. Additionally or alternatively, a relatively inelastic elongated member can be provided within the umbilical assembly 140 to limit the elongation of the umbilical assembly 140 and, consequently, the elongation of the conduits in the umbilical assembly. The elongated member may be, for example, a metal wire that extends along the length of the umbilical assembly. The elongated member may be, for example, mechanically coupled to the cabinet and marking head to prevent or reduce elongation of the umbilical assembly.

[0094] Laser marking system 100 may further include a user interface, such as a graphical user interface. The user interface may form part of controller 360. The user interface may include, for example, a screen for providing visual signals to the user and / or a speaker for providing audio signals to the user. Laser marking system 100 may include a transceiver for remote control of system 100. Laser marking system 100 may include connectivity (e.g., an internet connection over an Ethernet connection) for integration with other devices via the Internet of Things (e.g., on a production line of which the laser marking system forms a part).

[0095] The laser marking process can include providing radiation to the umbilical assembly 140 by coupling a radiation source, such as a fiber laser, to the umbilical assembly 140. The coupling of the radiation source to the umbilical assembly is via an optical isolator 150. The umbilical assembly 140 can be connected to the marking head 120. An optical fiber in the umbilical assembly 140 can direct the radiation to a collimator in the marking head 120.

[0096] Separating the isolator from the collimator allows the isolator to be located external to the marking head 120, thereby allowing for the use of a small, lightweight marking head 120 in place of known large, heavy marking heads. The steering mechanism 220 can further provide a compact method of controlling the radiation emitted from the marking head 120, allowing for a more compact outer size for the marking head 120.

[0097] Radiation can be emitted from the marking head 120 and incident on the product 130. The radiation can mark, etch, or otherwise interact with desired portions of the surface of the product 130 to change the appearance of the product 130.

[0098] The umbilical assembly 140 is flexible enough to allow for easy relocation of the marking head 120 relative to the production line, while still advantageously communicating control signals, power, sensor signals, and the like between the components of the cabinet 160 (e.g., the laser source 110 and / or the controller 360) and the marking head 120. Providing an isolator separate from the print head allows for a collimator to be routed through a substantially continuous umbilical housing. Providing a substantially continuous umbilical housing allows for an umbilical assembly that meets International Protection Marking Standards (sometimes known as "IP," Ingress Protection Marking) not previously achieved by laser marking systems. For example, a laser marking system can be provided in which the umbilical and marking head meet IP65-IP69 standards. This can be advantageous in a variety of environments where laser marking is desired.

[0099] In some cases, for example, a laser marking head can be incorporated into a system that previously utilized a continuous inkjet marking head of similar dimensions. Retrofitting a system to include a laser marking head instead of a continuous inkjet marking head can reduce the system's cost of ownership by eliminating the need to purchase additional components, such as components to position the marking head on the production line.

[0100] The laser marking heads disclosed herein can weigh approximately 0.5 kg, about one-tenth the weight of many existing systems. While traditional marking systems have large marking heads that can be virtually immovable once installed by a technician, compact marking heads of the type described herein can be easily reconfigured to meet changing usage requirements. That is, the dimensions, size, and weight of aspects and embodiments of the laser scanner / marker systems disclosed herein allow the disclosed laser scanner / marker systems to be more easily operated.

[0101] For example, the marking head of a laser scanner / marker system, including the housing, can be mounted on a movable assembly. The movable assembly can allow the marking head to move among multiple different configurations in which marking can be performed. Marks can be applied to different portions of a product at different locations. Different marks can be applied at different locations to provide an expanded marking field. Indeed, by providing three-dimensional movement, it is possible to extend a traditional two-dimensional marking field into three dimensions. The movable assembly can be a robotic arm that can move to follow the contours of a three-dimensional object, such as a bottle, while maintaining the same focal distance, such as approximately 5 mm from the surface of the object. The ability to move the marking head of a laser scanner / marker system relative to the object being marked eliminates the need for a movable stage in the system through which the object passes, thus reducing the mechanical complexity of the system compared to some existing systems. The ability to move the laser marking head can provide various advantages. For example, the laser marking head can enable three-dimensional laser marking without requiring manipulation of the target to be marked. In other embodiments, the head may enable use of the laser beam for laser cleaning of complex and / or large targets, such as turbine blades, where moving or maneuvering the target may be difficult. A single marking head may also be quickly moved between multiple mounting locations or orientations to mark different sized products or different locations on a product. To enable such flexibility in marking configurations, multiple mounting locations may be provided within the laser marking system.

[0102] However, such flexibility may also introduce safety risks that would be avoided with a fixed or less configurable system: for example, a fixed system can be configured to be inherently safe so that the radiation beam does not escape the shielded environment, whereas providing a moving head introduces the risk that the radiation beam may be directed at an unshielded location, such as an operator.

[0103] 5, a conventional laser marking installation 500 may include a marking system 510 located within a shielded area 520. The marking device includes a radiation source 511 that emits a radiation beam 513 toward a target 515. The marking system 510 is controlled by a controller 517.

[0104] An operator can access the laser marking system 510 by opening door 530. When the door is open, as shown in position 530a, a safety switch 540 is configured to safely interrupt laser operation, thereby preventing injury to the operator. Typically, such a safety switch may be a certified double-wired dual-contact switch. When the door is in position 530b, the laser device 510 can operate. Switch 540 provides a signal to controller 517 indicating the door position.

[0105] Similar switches can be used to provide an additional degree of safety associated with the compact laser marking head. To enable this type of safe operation, one or more interlock input signals can be provided to the laser marking machine. However, rather than (or in addition to) configuring the interlock switch to be associated with the beam shield as described above, the interlock switch can be associated with the marking head mounting arrangement.

[0106] As shown in FIG. 6, the laser marking equipment may include a laser marking system 100 substantially as described above with reference to FIG. 1. Similar components will not be described again. The marking head 120 may be located within a shielded area 620. The area 620 may be substantially enclosed within a safety shield. An operator may access the laser marking head 120 by opening a door 630. When the door 630 is open, as shown in position 630a, a safety switch 640 is configured to safely interrupt operation of the laser, thereby preventing injury to the operator. When the door is in position 630b, the marking head 120 may be operated. The laser marking head 120 is the only component of the electromagnetic radiation system provided within a safety shield. The shielded area 620 may also surround the product 130 when provided in a processing (e.g., marking) station. An umbilical 140 extends from the shielded area 620 to the cabinet 160.

[0107] The marking system equipment 600 further includes a marking head holder 650. The marking head holder 650 may incorporate a safety mechanism that interacts with the controller 660 of the laser marking system 100 to allow operation only when the marking head 120 is positioned in a position deemed safe. Such a position may be predetermined. The marking head 120 may need to be positioned with high precision (e.g., less than 1 mm) to ensure safe operation.

[0108] In one embodiment, an additional switch 670 is incorporated into the marking head holder 650. Thus, the marking system 100 can only operate when the controller 660 has confirmed that the marking head 120 is properly installed in the holder 650. It will be appreciated that in such an arrangement, a simple contact switch would be sufficient. Furthermore, such an arrangement can provide advantages over a simple contact switch provided on the marking head 120, as an operator may accidentally activate a switch mounted on the marking head when, for example, manipulating or moving the marking head.

[0109] In such an arrangement, a single holder position is provided in the system, and the system can be controlled so that it operates only when the marking head is correctly installed in the holder. Of course, if multiple holder positions are provided, each with a safety switch, it may be necessary to provide a dummy marking head to activate all the switches simultaneously. However, such an arrangement may introduce the additional risk that the presence of multiple dummy devices could enable all the safety switches to be activated even if a marking head is not correctly installed in one of the holders (for example, if a dummy marking head is provided in each holder).

[0110] As mentioned above, the marking head may typically require highly accurate positioning to ensure safe operation, and any safety switch will therefore be positioned and configured to operate only when the marking head is positioned accurately enough to ensure that the required safety conditions are met (e.g., no laser radiation escapes from the shielded environment).

[0111] One way to detect the presence of the marking head in the holder is to use an electronic identifier (e.g., RFID, or the like). Thus, the switch 670 can include an electronic identifier, and a corresponding identifiable component is provided on the marking head 120.

[0112] However, such detection devices can detect devices that are close to a safe position, but not necessarily at the exact safe position. Thus, while a marking head in (or adjacent to) a holder can be electronically detected, the marking head may still be able to emit radiation in an unsafe manner.

[0113] It will be appreciated that in some embodiments, installation 600 may be installed without shielded area 620 and switch 640 may be omitted. In such a configuration, controller 660 will use only switch 670 to determine the security of the configuration.

[0114] 7, in a further embodiment, marking head 700 (generally similar to marking head 120) includes an integrated safety switch 710. In view of the risks associated with accidental actuation of the switch discussed above, switch 710 may be integrated such that accidental actuation of the switch during handling is impossible, or at least greatly increased.

[0115] In the illustrated embodiment, two switches 710 are integrated into the housing 720 of the marking head 700. The switches 710 are provided at opposing positions around the periphery of the substantially cylindrical marking head. Each switch 710 is provided in a respective recess 715 provided in the housing 720. The recesses 715 can be designed to prevent water from entering the marking head 700, which may be necessary in some operating environments.

[0116] A cooperating marking head holder 730 is provided having a corresponding mechanical element 740 (eg, a spring-loaded pin) configured to actuate both switches 710 when the marking head 700 is properly positioned.

[0117] Switch 710 may communicate with a marking system controller (not shown) that operates in a manner similar to controller 660 to prevent operation of marking head 700 unless it is deemed to be in a secure configuration. Thus, switch 710 may perform the operations of switch 670 described above in connection with FIG. 6.

[0118] It will of course be appreciated that there may be provided a single switch 710 or indeed more than two switches 710. The switch(es) 710 may operate to confirm that the marking head 700 is securely installed in a suitably configured holder 730.

[0119] Of course, it will be understood that switch 710 can be used in conjunction with or independently of other safety mechanisms, such as switch 640.

[0120] In some embodiments, the system can be configured to be intrinsically safe as long as the marking head is properly installed in the holder 730. For example, the marking head 700 can close an opening in the shielded environment when received in the holder 730.

[0121] As discussed above, the overall dimensions, size, and weight of aspects and embodiments of the laser scanner / marker system disclosed herein allow the disclosed laser scanner / marker system to be more easily manipulated. However, movement of the marking head 120 (e.g., by a robotic marking system) may also result in an increased risk of damage to the optical fiber (e.g., fiber 420) that supplies electromagnetic radiation from the light source 110 to the marking head 120. In some embodiments, a fiber optic fault detection system can be provided to detect whether the fiber has been damaged. For example, as shown in FIG. 4 , the optical fiber 420 can have one or more wires 425 (e.g., copper wires) extending along and / or around the fiber 420. The marking system 100 can include a monitor (not shown) configured to monitor the electrical properties of the one or more wires 425. The monitor can be provided within the cabinet 160. If a change (e.g., a change in resistance, capacitance, or inductance) is detected, the change can be used to indicate a break or other damage (e.g., a sharp bend) to the fiber 420. That is, the wires may be configured to detect a failure in the optical fiber extending between the laser source and the head. The continuity of one or more wires 425 along the length of the fiber 420 may be monitored. In embodiments, the laser source may be disabled in response to an indication of a break, thereby reducing any risk of the laser beam causing damage. Alternatively or additionally, if abnormal electrical characteristics are detected, an alarm may be generated, prompting the user to investigate the fiber 420 and any umbilicals 410 for damage. The fiber optic fault detection system may operate in combination with or independently of the other safety mechanisms described above in connection with FIGS. 6 and 7.

[0122] In some embodiments, a movable assembly forming part of a computer numerically controlled (CNC) machine can be provided. The marking head can be one of multiple tools that the movable assembly of the CNC machine can select and move to incorporate laser marking within the CNC machine. However, as described above, the head is not limited to marking and can also provide tools that provide other laser functions, such as laser cutting, laser drilling, deep engraving, or laser-based surface treatments such as steel hardening. It will be appreciated that the CNC machine provides high-precision operations. By providing a compact laser head that can be used within a CNC machine as described above, the CNC machine can provide functions that previously required removal of a machined piece and subsequent configuration of the machined piece within a further system to perform the laser-based operation. Thus, precise laser-based operations can be provided within a single machine without the need for repeated configuration of the machined piece.

[0123] The laser marking system shown and described herein advantageously overcomes the problems associated with known laser marking systems discussed above and provides a fully integrated "plug and play" solution for owners of production lines having printheads with compact outer dimensions.

[0124] A production line to which a laser marking device can be applied may also be referred to as a processing line. FIG. 8 illustrates a system 800 including such a processing line 810. Products 820 to be marked or otherwise processed are transported by the production line 810 past a marking (or processing) station 830, which can direct radiation at the products. The processing system 800 includes an electromagnetic radiation system 840 (e.g., a laser marking device), which may be generally of the type described above. In some implementations, the electromagnetic radiation system 840 may omit some of the features described above. For example, the electromagnetic radiation system may include a power supply 841 and an electromagnetic radiation source 842 housed within a cabinet 843. The radiation source 842 may be configured to emit radiation along radiation paths 844a-e that lead to a marking head 847 along an optical fiber 845 (e.g., a transport fiber) housed within an umbilical 846. Marking head 847 is configured to direct radiation along marking path 844e toward product 820 when product 820 is located at marking station 830. Radiation path 844 includes a source path portion 844a within the cabinet (which may include a gain component), a transport path portion 844c within umbilical 845, a steering path portion 844d within marking head 847 (which may steer and / or focus the radiation), and a marking path portion 844e between the marking head and product 820. Processing station 830 and marking head 847 are enclosed within a safety shield 850 configured to prevent stray radiation from causing harm (to users or other equipment).

[0125] In such an implementation, a compact marking head (e.g., of dimensions as described above) may be provided, and the processing station 830 may be provided within a safety shield 850 that encloses only the marking head 847 of the electromagnetic radiation system 840, with all remaining components of the radiation system provided within the cabinet 830 (i.e., external to the shield 850). Of course, part of the umbilical assembly may also be within the safety shield. In such a configuration, the marking head may still be considered the only component of the radiation system that resides within (e.g., is completely within) the safety shield 850.

[0126] Marking system 840 may operate as described above with reference to marking system 100 .

[0127] Optionally, marking system 840 may further include an optical isolator (not shown) between radiation source 842 and umbilical 845 that defines an isolator path portion. Alternatively or additionally, system 800 may include an interlock switch provided in a holder for marking head 847, for example as described above with reference to Figures 6 and 7.

[0128] The marking system may further include multiple mounting locations for the marking head 847. The marking system may further include a movable element 870 for moving the marking head 847 between different configurations. For example, in a first configuration 880A, the marking head 847 may be configured to mark the top surface 820A of the product 820, while in a second configuration 880B, the marking head 847 may be configured to mark the inclined surface 820B of the product 820 by directing the beam along a second marking path 844f. The marking head 847 may be moved between configurations automatically (e.g., by the movable element 870) or may be reconfigured by a user, for example, by placing the marking head in various different holders (not shown).

[0129] While several aspects of at least one implementation have been described above, it will be appreciated that various alterations, modifications, and improvements will readily occur to those skilled in the art. Such alterations, modifications, and improvements are intended to be part of this disclosure and are intended to be within the spirit and scope of this disclosure. The actions of the methods disclosed herein may be performed in an order other than that described, and one or more actions may be omitted, substituted, or added. One or more features of any one embodiment disclosed herein may be combined with or substituted for one or more features of any other embodiment disclosed. Accordingly, the foregoing description and drawings are by way of example only.

[0130] The phraseology and terminology used herein are for purposes of description and should not be considered limiting. As used herein, the term "plurality" means two or more items or components. As used herein, dimensions described as "substantially similar" should be considered to be within about 25% of each other. Terms such as "comprising," "including," "carrying," "having," "containing," and "involving," whether present in the specification or in the claims, are open-ended terms, i.e., meaning "including but not limited to." Thus, use of such terms is intended to include the items listed thereafter and equivalents thereof, as well as additional items. For purposes of the claims, only the transitional phrases "consisting of" and "consisting essentially of" are closed or semi-closed transitional phrases, respectively. The use of ordinal terms such as "first," "second," "third," etc. in the claims to modify claim elements does not, by itself, imply any priority, precedence, or order of one claim element relative to another, or the chronological order in which acts of a method are performed, but is merely used as a label to distinguish one claim element having a certain name from another element having the same name (except for the use of the ordinal term) to distinguish between the claim elements.

[0131] The electromagnetic radiation steering mechanism may include various types of optical components, such as refractive, reflective, magnetic, electromagnetic, electrostatic and / or other types of optical components, or any combination thereof, for directing, shaping and / or controlling the electromagnetic radiation.

[0132] Although specific reference may be made herein to the use of electromagnetic radiation steering mechanisms in marking products, it should be understood that the electromagnetic radiation steering mechanisms described herein may have other applications, including laser systems for engraving products, optical scanners, radiation detection systems, medical devices, and the like.

[0133] While specific embodiments of the invention have been described above, it will be understood that the invention may be practiced otherwise than as described. The foregoing description is intended to be illustrative and not limiting. Accordingly, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the invention as described without departing from the scope of the claims set out below.

Claims

1. 1. An electromagnetic radiation system for directing a beam of electromagnetic radiation at a target, comprising: an electromagnetic radiation source for providing said beam of electromagnetic radiation, said electromagnetic radiation source comprising a fiber optic laser with a fiber optic amplifier, said fiber optic amplifier being a final optical amplification stage of said electromagnetic radiation system; a head for projecting said beam of electromagnetic radiation onto said target; an umbilical assembly configured to connect the electromagnetic radiation source to the head and to deliver the electromagnetic radiation beam to the head; the electromagnetic radiation system further comprising an optical isolator disposed between the fiber optic amplifier and the umbilical assembly. A system characterized by:

2. the head including a collimator configured to receive electromagnetic radiation from the umbilical assembly. The system of claim 1 .

3. the electromagnetic radiation system is a laser marking system; 3. The system according to claim 1 or 2.

4. the umbilical assembly includes an optical fiber configured to transmit the electromagnetic radiation beam from the electromagnetic radiation source to the head. A system according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

5. The optical fiber configured to transmit the beam of electromagnetic radiation from the source of electromagnetic radiation to the head is a passive fiber. The system of claim 4.

6. the length of the optical fiber is greater than the length of the umbilical assembly; 6. A system according to claim 4 or 5.

7. the collimator is optically coupled to the optical isolator by the optical fiber; A system according to any one of claims 4 to 6 which recites claim 2.

8. the umbilical assembly includes one or more wires configured to detect a fault in the optical fiber. A system according to any one of claims 4 to 7.

9. The umbilical assembly includes an elongated member having a relatively low elasticity. A system according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. further comprising a cabinet, wherein the electromagnetic radiation source is configured within the cabinet.

10. A system according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

11. The optical isolator is configured within the cabinet. The system of claim 10.

12. further comprising a movable assembly configured to move the head relative to the target.

12. A system according to any one of claims 1 to 11.

13. a holder, the system configured to allow use of the head only when the head is held in a predetermined configuration by the holder, the predetermined configuration being determined based on interactions between cooperating features of the holder and the head.

13. A system according to any one of claims 1 to 12.

14. 1. A method of manufacturing an electromagnetic radiation system, said radiation system comprising: a head for projecting a beam of electromagnetic radiation onto a target; an umbilical housing including an elongated tube having a first opening at a first end and a second opening at a second end; an optical assembly including a collimator and an optical isolator connected by an optical fiber for receiving electromagnetic radiation from an electromagnetic radiation source; Equipped with The method comprises: passing the collimator through the umbilical housing from the first opening to the second opening; configuring the collimator within the head; A method comprising:

15. the optical isolator, the collimator, and the optical fiber are integrally formed; 15. The method of claim 14.

16. configuring the collimator within the head includes fixing the collimator within the head; 16. The method of claim 14 or 15.

17. the electromagnetic radiation source comprises a fiber laser; 17. The method of any one of claims 14 to 16.

18. the electromagnetic radiation system is a laser marking system; 18. The method of any one of claims 14 to 17.

19. 1. An electromagnetic radiation system for directing a beam of electromagnetic radiation at a target, the system comprising a head configured to be held by a holder and configured to permit use of the head only when the head is held by the holder in a predetermined marking configuration, the predetermined marking configuration being determined based on an interaction between cooperating features of the holder and the head.

1. An electromagnetic radiation system comprising:

20. the cooperating features of the holder and the head include a switch and a switch actuator; 20. An electromagnetic radiation system according to claim 19.

21. one of the switch and the switch actuation portion is provided on the head, and the other of the switch and the switch actuation portion is provided on the holder; 21. An electromagnetic radiation system according to claim 20.

22. the switch is protected from accidental actuation; 22. An electromagnetic radiation system according to claim 21.

23. The switch is disposed in a recess.

23. An electromagnetic radiation system according to claim 21 or 22.

24. the switch actuation portion includes a protruding feature configured to extend into the recess and actuate the switch when the head is received in the holder with the predetermined marking configuration.

24. An electromagnetic radiation system according to claim 23.

25. A plurality of switches and a plurality of respective switch actuation portions are provided.

25. An electromagnetic radiation system according to any one of claims 20 to 24.

26. an electronic identifier configured to determine whether the system is in the predetermined marking configuration; 26. An electromagnetic radiation system according to any one of claims 19 to 25.

27. the predetermined marking configuration is a secure configuration; 27. An electromagnetic radiation system according to any one of claims 19 to 26.

28. the holder is configured to releasably secure the head within the holder; 28. An electromagnetic radiation system according to any one of claims 19 to 27.

29. a plurality of holders, each configured to hold the head in a different marking configuration; 29. An electromagnetic radiation system according to any one of claims 19 to 28.

30. an electromagnetic radiation system according to any one of claims 1 to 13 and 19 to 29; a processing line configured to transport the product to be processed past the processing station; A system comprising: the electromagnetic radiation system is configured to direct the radiation beam at a product located at the processing station; A system characterized by:

31. further comprising a safety shield configured to substantially enclose the processing station, the head being the only component of the electromagnetic radiation system provided within the safety shield.

31. The system of claim 30.

32. and a movable assembly configured to support the head and move the head relative to a product located at the processing station.

32. A system according to claim 30 or 31.

33. the movable assembly is configured to move between a first configuration and a second configuration relative to a product located at the processing station; the electromagnetic radiation system is configured to apply a mark to the product in at least one of the first configuration and the second configuration; 33. The system of claim 32.

34. at least two head mounting positions for mounting said heads, each mounting position configured to support said head so as to project said electromagnetic radiation beam onto a product provided at a processing position; 34. A system according to any one of claims 30 to 33.

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