Methods, circuits and apparatus for motion detection, doppler shift detection and self-envelope modulation positioning

Abstract

To provide a method and a device for modulating a motion of an object in an environment.SOLUTION: The present invention relates to a method and a device for detecting a motion of an object in an environment. The method includes: a sending-receiving step of sending a first wireless signal related to a transmission signal and receiving a second wireless signal related to an arrival signal, the second wireless signal being the first wireless signal reflected by an object; an acquisition step of acquiring a modulation signal related to connection between the transmission signal and the arrival signal, the modulation signal including a Doppler shift caused by a motion of the object; an extraction step of extracting a signal envelope which changes according to a Dropper shift from the modulation signal; and a determination step of determining whether the motion of the object is to be detected according to the signal envelop.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 9

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62 / 827,635, filed April 1, 2019, U.S. Provisional Application No. 62 / 886,293, filed August 13, 2019, and U.S. Patent Application No. 16 / 826,584, filed March 23, 2020, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0002] Technical Field This application relates to object motion detection and Doppler shift, and more particularly to methods, circuits, and apparatus for object motion detection and location determination. [Background technology]

[0003] Detecting object motion, Doppler shift due to motion, and the location of objects in an environment can be applied to various applications, such as smart home devices and systems, home security and surveillance, indoor and outdoor guide services, and interactive information systems. Motion sensors and proximity sensors can be used to detect object motion. For example, a passive infrared (PIR) sensor can be used to detect whether a person enters or exits the sensor's range. However, motion sensors and proximity sensors require additional sensor installation and may not provide accurate and / or rapid motion detection of various objects, such as inanimate objects, people, or animals. Furthermore, motion sensors and proximity sensors may not be applicable to diverse environments, such as large rooms, open-space offices, public spaces, or outdoor environments.

[0004] Doppler shift detection circuits and positioning devices can be used to detect Doppler shifts caused by object motion and object position, but Doppler shift detection circuits and positioning devices also require additional installation of circuits and devices and may not be applicable to a variety of specific environments. Summary of the Invention

[0005] SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention provide methods and apparatus for detecting the motion of objects and determining the position of objects in an environment.

[0006] These embodiments include a method for determining motion of an object in an environment, the method including the steps of transmitting a first wireless signal related to a transmitted signal and receiving a second wireless signal related to an incoming signal, the second wireless signal being the first wireless signal reflected from an object, obtaining a modulated signal related to a combination of the transmitted signal and the incoming signal, the modulated signal including a Doppler shift caused by motion of the object, extracting a signal envelope from the modulated signal that varies with the Doppler shift, and determining whether motion of the object is detected according to the signal envelope.

[0007] These embodiments include a circuit for determining motion of an object in an environment, the circuit having a transmit chain configured to transmit a first wireless signal related to a transmitted signal, a sensing circuit configured to obtain a modulated signal related to a combination of the transmitted signal and an incoming signal, the modulated signal including a Doppler shift due to motion of the object, the incoming signal being obtained from a second wireless signal, the second wireless signal being the first wireless signal reflected from the object, an envelope extraction circuit configured to extract a signal envelope from the modulated signal that varies with the Doppler shift, and a detection circuit configured to determine whether motion of the object is detected according to the signal envelope.

[0008] These embodiments relate to a method for determining the position of an object in an environment, the method comprising: The method includes the steps of obtaining a first modulated signal and a second modulated signal related to the first signal and the second signal, respectively, the first modulated signal and the second modulated signal including a first Doppler shift and a second Doppler shift due to motion of the object, the first signal and the second signal being obtained from a first wireless signal and a second wireless signal received via a first antenna and a second antenna, respectively, the first wireless signal and the second wireless signal being third wireless signals having first and second reflections from the object, extracting a first signal envelope from the first modulated signal that varies with the first Doppler shift and extracting a second signal envelope from the second modulated signal that varies with the second Doppler shift, and determining a direction of the object relative to a reference position according to the first signal envelope and the second signal envelope.

[0009] It is to be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the invention, as claimed. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0010] [Figure 1] 1A and 1B illustrate exemplary self-envelope modulated signals for detecting object motion, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 2] 1 illustrates an exemplary method for extracting a signal envelope of an SEM signal for detecting object motion, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure; [Figure 3] 1 illustrates an exemplary method for extracting a signal envelope of an SEM signal for detecting object motion, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure; [Figure 4] 1 illustrates an exemplary method for extracting a signal envelope of an SEM signal for detecting object motion, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure; [Figure 5A] FIG. 2 illustrates an example circuit and block diagram for extracting a signal envelope of an SEM signal for detecting object motion, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 5B] FIG. 2 illustrates an example circuit and block diagram for extracting a signal envelope of an SEM signal for detecting object motion, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 5C] FIG. 2 illustrates an example circuit and block diagram for extracting a signal envelope of an SEM signal for detecting object motion, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 5D] FIG. 2 illustrates an example circuit and block diagram for extracting a signal envelope of an SEM signal for detecting object motion, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 6A] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary circuit for detecting object motion by an SEM using a coupler, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 6B] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary circuit for detecting object motion by an SEM using a coupler, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 7A] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary circuit for detecting object motion by SEM using a circulator, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 7B] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary circuit for detecting object motion by SEM using a circulator, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 8A] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary circuit for detecting object motion by SEM via connection nodes, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 8B] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary circuit for detecting object motion by SEM via connection nodes, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 9] FIG. 1 illustrates a flowchart of an exemplary method for detecting object motion by SEM, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 10] 1A-1C illustrate exemplary stationary and changing envelopes of an SEM signal for detecting object motion by SEM, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 11A] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary circuit using a sensing circuit for detecting object motion by SEM on a constant envelope signal, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 11B] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary circuit using a circulator for detecting object motion by SEM on a constant envelope signal, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 12] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary circuit with connection nodes for detecting object motion by SEM on a constant envelope signal, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 13A] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary circuit using a coupler for detecting object motion by SEM on a non-constant envelope signal, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 13B] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary circuit using a circulator for detecting object motion by SEM on a non-constant envelope signal, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 14] FIG. 1 illustrates an example circuit with connection nodes for detecting object motion by SEM on a non-constant envelope signal, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 15A] FIG. 1 illustrates an example circuit using couplers for detecting object motion by SEM on packet-based signals, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 15B] FIG. 1 illustrates an example circuit using a circulator for detecting object motion by SEM on a packet-based signal, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 16] FIG. 1 illustrates an example circuit using connection nodes for detecting object motion by SEM on packet-based signals, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 17A] FIG. 1 illustrates an example circuit using a coupler for detecting object motion by an SEM in conjunction with a control signal from a transmitter, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 17B] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary circuit using a circulator for detecting object motion by an SEM in conjunction with a control signal from a transmitter, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 18] FIG. 1 illustrates an example circuit using connection nodes for detecting object motion by an SEM in conjunction with a control signal from a transmitter, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 19] FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary circuit having a source signal generator for detecting object motion by an SEM, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 20A]FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary circuit using couplers for detecting object motion by an SEM on a closed-loop circuit, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 20B] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary circuit using a circulator for detecting object motion by an SEM on a closed loop circuit, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 21] FIG. 1 illustrates an example circuit using connection nodes for detecting object motion by SEM on a closed-loop circuit, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 22] FIG. 1 illustrates an example circuit using a coupler for detecting object motion by an SEM on a power control closed loop circuit, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 23] FIG. 1 illustrates an example circuit using connection nodes for detecting object motion by SEM on a power control closed loop circuit, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 24] FIG. 1 illustrates an example circuit using a coupler for detecting object motion by an SEM on a power control closed loop circuit, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 25] FIG. 1 illustrates an example circuit using connection nodes for detecting object motion by SEM on a power control closed loop circuit, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 26] FIG. 1 illustrates an example circuit using a coupler for detecting object motion by an SEM on a power control closed loop circuit, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 27] FIG. 1 illustrates an example circuit using connection nodes for detecting object motion by SEM on a power control closed loop circuit, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 28]FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary circuit using a coupler for detecting object motion by an SEM on a power amplification and linearization loop circuit, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 29] FIG. 1 illustrates an example circuit using connection nodes for detecting object motion by an SEM on a power amplification and linearization loop circuit, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 30] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary circuit using a coupler for detecting object motion by an SEM on a power amplification and linearization loop circuit, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 31] FIG. 1 illustrates an example circuit using connection nodes for detecting object motion by an SEM on a power amplification and linearization loop circuit, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 32] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary circuit using a coupler for detecting object motion by an SEM on a power amplification and linearization loop circuit, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 33] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary circuit using connection nodes for detecting object motion by an SEM on a power amplification and linearization loop circuit, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 34] FIG. 1 illustrates an example circuit using couplers for detecting object motion by SEM on two antenna ports, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 35A] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary antenna port configuration for detecting object motion by SEM on two antenna ports, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 35B] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary antenna port configuration for detecting object motion by SEM on two antenna ports, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 35C]FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary antenna port configuration for detecting object motion by SEM on two antenna ports, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 36] FIG. 1 illustrates an example circuit using amplifiers for detecting object motion by SEM on two antenna ports, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 37] FIG. 1 illustrates an example circuit using phase shifters for detecting object motion by SEM on two antenna ports, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 38] FIG. 1 illustrates an example circuit using couplers for detecting object motion by SEM on two antenna ports, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 39] FIG. 1 illustrates an example circuit using amplifiers and couplers for detecting object motion by SEM on two antenna ports, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 40] FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary circuit for detecting object motion with two SEM signals, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 41] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary circuit using a phase shifter for detecting object motion with two SEM signals, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 42] FIG. 2 illustrates an example circuit using a coupler for detecting object motion with two SEM signals, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 43] FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary method for detecting the orientation of an object with two SEM signals, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 44] FIG. 2 illustrates an example circuit using a coupler for detecting object motion with two SEM signals, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 45]FIG. 1 illustrates an example circuit for detecting gestures by SEM, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 46] FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary envelope extraction circuit for detecting gestures by SEM, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 47A] 1A-1C illustrate example gestures and example SEM signals, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 47B] 1A-1C illustrate example gestures and example SEM signals, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 47C] 1A-1C illustrate example gestures and example SEM signals, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 48A] 1A-1C illustrate example gestures and example SEM signals, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 48B] 1A-1C illustrate example gestures and example SEM signals, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 48C] 1A-1C illustrate example gestures and example SEM signals, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 49] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary scenario for determining the position of an object by SEM, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 50] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary method for determining the position of an object by SEM, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 51] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary positioning system with multiple SEM signals, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 52] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary method for locating an object with multiple SEM signals, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 53] 1 illustrates an example positioning system with multiple SEM signals and a Wi-Fi positioning system, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 54]FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary positioning system with multiple SEM signals, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0011] Reference will now be made in detail to the exemplary embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The following description refers to the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals in different drawings represent the same or similar elements unless otherwise specified. The implementations described in the following description of exemplary embodiments do not represent all implementations consistent with the present invention. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatus and methods consistent with aspects related to the present invention as set forth in the appended claims.

[0012] 1 illustrates an exemplary self-envelope modulation (SEM) signal 110 for detecting motion of an object, such as a human 100, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 1, an antenna 102 transmits an ST signal toward the human 100 at a frequency f. When the human 100 is moving, the transmitted ST signal is reflected from the human 100 as an SR signal at a frequency f+f, where f is the Doppler shift f=2v(f / c) cos θ, v is the velocity of the human 100, c is the speed of light, and θ is the angle between the forward velocity of the human 100 and the line of sight from the human 100 to the antenna 102. The frequency f of the ST signal may be any suitable frequency.

[0013] The circuitry is configured to receive the reflected SR signal via the antenna 102 and sum the transmitted ST signal and the reflected SR signal as an SEM signal 110, for example, at the observation point 104. The transmitted ST signal and the reflected SR signal can be observed and processed simultaneously.

[0014] 1, the envelope of the SEM signal 110 varies due to the presence of a Doppler shift fd. The variation in the envelope of the SEM signal 110 is caused and varies based on the Doppler shift fd. In other words, the Doppler shift due to the motion of the human 100 can be modulated onto the envelope of the SEM signal 100 at the observation point 104. A circuit or device for detecting the motion of the human 100 can be configured to extract the signal envelope of the SEM signal 110 and determine whether the motion of the human 100 is detected according to the variation in the extracted signal envelope.

[0015] 2 illustrates an exemplary method for extracting a signal envelope of an SEM signal 110 for detecting motion of a human 100, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown on the left side of FIG. 2 , the circuit or apparatus for extracting the signal envelope of the SEM signal 110 includes a rectifier 120 and a low-pass filter (LPF) 130. The rectifier 120 may be a rectifier circuit or a processor configured to execute instructions stored in a memory to rectify the SEM signal 110. The LPF 130 may be an LPF circuit or a processor configured to execute instructions stored in a memory to low-frequency filter the rectified SEM signal 110. The circuit or apparatus for extracting the signal envelope of the SEM signal 100 is configured to rectify the SEM signal 110 by the rectifier 120 and filter the rectified SEM signal 110 by the LPF 130 to obtain the signal envelope.

[0016] As shown in the upper right half of Figure 2, the SEM signal 111 before rectification includes a varying signal envelope. As shown in the lower right half of Figure 2, the SEM signal 111 in the frequency domain includes an ST signal having a frequency f0, i.e., a frequency tone 113 in the frequency domain, and an SR signal having a frequency f0+fd, i.e., a frequency tone 115 in the frequency domain.

[0017] FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary method for extracting a signal envelope of an SEM signal 110 for detecting motion of a human 100, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As also described in FIG. 2 , the circuit or apparatus for extracting the signal envelope of an SEM signal 110 includes a rectifier 120 and a low-pass filter 130, as shown on the left side of FIG. 3 . As shown on the top right of FIG. 3 , the rectifier 120 is configured to rectify the SEM signal 110 into a rectified SEM signal 121 that includes waves above voltage=0. As shown on the bottom right of FIG. 3 , the rectified SEM signal 121 in the frequency domain includes the rectified signal and other frequency components at baseband, where frequency tone 123 shown in FIG. 3 is f and frequency tone 125 is f+f, corresponding to frequency tones 113 and 115 in FIG. 2 .

[0018] FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary method for extracting a signal envelope of an SEM signal 110 for detecting motion of a human 100, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As also described in FIGS. 2 and 3 , the circuit or apparatus for extracting the signal envelope of an SEM signal 110 includes a rectifier 120 and a low-pass filter 130, as shown on the left side of FIG. 4 . As shown in the upper right half of FIG. 4 , the LPF 130 is configured to filter the rectified SEM signal 121 to extract the signal envelope 131 of the SEM signal 110. As shown in the lower right half of FIG. 4 , the extracted signal envelope 131 includes a Doppler shift 137 at the baseband, i.e., fd=2v(f0 / c)cosθ. The LPF 130 is configured to suppress other frequency components.

[0019] 5A, 5B, 5C, and 5D show example circuits and block diagrams for extracting the signal envelope of the SEM signal 110 for detecting motion of the human 100, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. These circuits can be configured to extract the signal envelope 131, as shown in FIGS. 2-4.

[0020] 5A shows a circuit 150 for extracting the envelope of an SEM signal. Circuit 150 includes a diode 152, a capacitor 154, and a load 156 connected as shown. SEM signal 110 ("radio frequency signal input") may be input to diode 152. Capacitor 154 is configured to filter out unwanted radio frequencies in SEM signal 110. Circuit 150 is configured to output a demodulated signal as envelope 158 of SEM signal 110.

[0021] 5B shows a circuit for extracting the envelope of an SEM signal. The circuit includes a multiplier 160, a low-pass filter 162, and a square-root filter 164, connected together as shown. The SEM signal 110 can be input to the multiplier 160 to generate a squared SEM signal. The low-pass filter is configured to filter the squared SEM signal for baseband. The square-root filter is configured to filter the baseband squared SEM signal to detect the envelope 166 of the SEM signal 110.

[0022] 5C shows a circuit 170 for extracting the envelope of an SEM signal. The circuit 170 includes a first 50 Ω resistor 172, a dual diode 174, two capacitors 176, a second resistor 178, and an amplifier 180, connected as shown. The SEM signal 110 can be input to the diode 174 from "RF IN." The dual diode 174, the capacitor 176, the second resistor 178, and the amplifier 180 are configured to rectify the SEM signal 110. The circuit 170 is configured to output the rectified signal wave as the envelope of the SEM signal 110.

[0023] 5D shows a circuit 190 for extracting the envelope of an SEM signal. The circuit 190 includes an enable logic circuit 192, a detector 194, and an absolute value circuit 196, connected together as shown. The SEM signal 110 can be input to the detector 194, and a detected envelope signal of the SEM signal 110 can be extracted. The absolute value circuit 196 is configured to rectify and obtain the envelope of the SEM signal 110.

[0024] FIG. 6A illustrates an exemplary circuit for detecting object motion with a SEM using a coupler, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 6A , the circuit includes an oscillator 209, a buffer circuit 207, a sensing circuit 220, an antenna terminal 204, an antenna 202, an envelope extraction circuit 240, and a motion detector 260. The buffer circuit 207 includes a driver and power amplifier (PA) 206. Alternatively, the buffer circuit 207 may include a driver or a PA. The buffer circuit 207 is configured to receive a radio frequency (RF) signal, drive the RF signal, and output the driven RF signal as a transmit signal PAOUT. The sensing circuit 220 includes a coupler 222. The motion detector 260 includes a memory 262, an I / O interface 264, and a processor 266. One or more of these elements in FIG. 6A can be included to detect motion of a person 200. These elements may be configured to transfer data and send or receive instructions between or among each other.

[0025] Processor 266 may include any suitable type of general-purpose or special-purpose microprocessor, digital signal processor, or microcontroller. Processor 266 may be representative of one or more processors within motion detector 260.

[0026] Memory 262 may include any suitable type of mass storage device provided for storing any type of information necessary for processor 266 to operate. Memory 262 can be a volatile or non-volatile, magnetic, semiconductor, tape, optical, removable, non-removable, or other type of storage device, or can be a tangible (i.e., non-transitory) computer-readable medium, including, but not limited to, read-only memory (ROM), flash memory, dynamic random access memory (RAM), and static RAM. Memory 262 can be configured to store one or more programs for execution by processor 266 to detect motion of human 200 as disclosed herein.

[0027] The memory 262 may further be configured to store information and data used by the processor 266. For example, the memory 266 may be configured to store a threshold value for detecting variations in the envelope of the SEM signal.

[0028] The I / O interface 264 can be configured to facilitate communication between the motion detector 260 and other devices. For example, the I / O interface 264 can be configured to receive a signal envelope from the envelope extraction circuit 240. As another example, the I / O interface 264 can be configured to receive a control signal from a transmitter. The I / O interface 264 can also output data resulting from the motion detection to other devices.

[0029] The oscillator 209, the buffer circuit 207, the sensing circuit 220, the antenna terminal 204, and the antenna 202 are coupled in series to form a transmit chain that transmits a wireless signal ST(f0) toward the person 200. When the person 200 is moving, the transmitted wireless signal ST(f0) is reflected by the person 200 as a reflected wireless signal SR(f0+fd). The reflected wireless signal SR(f0+fd) can be received by the antenna 202 and enter the transmit chain as an incoming signal.

[0030] The sensing circuit 220, the envelope extraction circuit 240, and the motion detector 260 are connected in series to form a circuit for detecting motion of the human 200 by SEM. The coupler 222 of the sensing circuit 220 is configured to couple the transmit signal PAOUT output by the driver and power amplifier 206 to an incoming signal to form the SEM signal 211 and transmit the SEM signal 211 via a connection 212 to the envelope extraction circuit 240. The envelope extraction circuit 240 is configured to extract a signal envelope 213 of the SEM signal 211 and send the signal envelope 213 to the motion detector 260. The processor 266 of the motion detector 260 is configured to determine whether motion of the human 200 is detected according to the signal envelope 213.

[0031] 6A, oscillator 209 is configured to generate an RF signal, such as a continuous wave (CW) signal 215, and transmit the CW signal 215 to a radio frequency input ("RFIN") as an input to driver and power amplifier 206. Driver and power amplifier 206 is configured to amplify CW signal 215 and output a PA output ("PAOUT") to coupler 222. Coupler 222 is configured to transmit the amplified CW signal to antenna terminal 204. Antenna terminal 204 is connected to antenna 202 for transmitting the amplified CW signal as a wireless signal ST. Antenna 202 is configured to transmit wireless signal ST at frequency f0 toward human 200.

[0032] When the person 200 is moving at a velocity v, the wireless signal ST is reflected as a wireless signal SR having a frequency f0+fd, where fd is a Doppler shift fd=2v(f0 / c)cosθ, as described with reference to Figure 1. The antenna 202 is also configured to receive the reflected wireless signal SR and transmit the received signal SR to the coupler as an incoming signal.

[0033] The driver and power amplifier 206 is configured to continue to send the amplified CW signal 215 to the antenna 202 for transmitting the wireless signal ST, so that the incoming signal based on the reflected signal SR is modulated with the transmit signal for transmitting the wireless signal ST, resulting in a self-envelope modulated (SEM) signal 211 at the coupler 222. As shown above with reference to Figures 1-4, the Doppler shift fd is modulated onto the envelope of the SEM signal 211.

[0034] The envelope extraction circuit 240 may include the rectifier 120 and the LPF 130 as shown in Figures 2-4, or one of the envelope extraction circuits shown in Figures 5A, 5B, 5C, and 5D. The envelope extraction circuit 240 is configured to extract the signal envelope 213 of the SEM signal 211 from the sensing circuit 220.

[0035] 6A, the signal envelope 213 changes due to the Doppler shift fd caused by the movement of the person 200. For example, if the person 200 is not moving, the velocity v=0. Then, fd=2v(f0 / c)cosθ=0. Because there is no Doppler shift, the signal envelope 213 of the SEM signal 211 is constant.

[0036] As another example, a person 200 is walking towards the antenna (i.e., θ=0 degrees) with a velocity v=3 km / h=0.83 meters / second. For f0=2.4 GHz, fd=2v(f0 / c)cosθ=2×0.83×8×1=13.28 Hz. The Doppler shift fd=13.28 Hz changes the signal envelope 213 of the SEM signal 211.

[0037] Alternatively, a person 200 is walking around the antenna with a velocity v = 3 km / h = 0.83 meters / second and θ = 60 degrees. For f = 2.4 GHz, f = 2v(f / c) cos θ = 2 × 0.83 × 8 × 0.5 = 6.64 Hz. The Doppler shift f = 6.64 Hz also changes the signal envelope 213 of the SEM signal 211.

[0038] The processor 266 of the motion detector 260 is configured to execute instructions stored in the memory 262 to determine that no motion is detected if the Doppler shift fd=0 on the signal envelope 213. Alternatively, the processor 266 is configured to execute instructions stored in the memory 262 to determine that motion of the person 200 is detected if the Doppler shift fd is 13.82 or 6.64 Hz is modulated on the signal envelope 213.

[0039] 6B shows an example circuit for detecting motion of a human 200 by SEM using a coupler 222 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. The sensing circuit 220 of FIG. 6B is part of the circuit of FIG. 6A. As shown in FIG. 6B, the coupler 222 of the sensing circuit 220 includes an input port 222-1, a transmit port 222-2, an isolation port 222-3, and a connection port 222-4.

[0040] The transmit signal ST'(f0) from PAOUT is input to coupler 222 at input port 222-1 and sent via transmit port 222-1 to antenna terminal 204 and antenna 202 for transmitting wireless signal ST(f0). Antenna 202 receives reflected wireless signal SR(f0+fd) as incoming signal SR'(f0+fd) 210-2. Incoming signal SR'(f0+fd) 210-2 enters coupler 222 at transmit port 222-2. Coupler 222 is configured to couple transmit signal ST'(f0) 210-1 at input port 222-1 to incoming signal SR'(f0+fd) 210-2 at transmit port 222-2 as sensing signal 210-3 at isolation port 222-3 and transmit sensing signal 210-3, i.e., SEM signal 211, to envelope extraction circuit 240 via connection 212. The sensing signal 210-3 is a combination of the transmitted signal ST'(f0) 210-1 and the incoming signal SR'(f0+fd) 210-2 with a certain power degradation.

[0041] Alternatively, the sensing signal 210-3 can be obtained from the connection port 222-4 of the coupler 222. In other words, the coupler 222 can be configured to send the sensing signal 210-3 to the connection 212 for the envelope extraction circuit 240 via the connection port 222-4. In some embodiments, the sensing circuit 220 may include a capacitor having two terminals. One terminal of the capacitor is coupled to PAOUT in FIG. 6A to obtain the above-mentioned sensing signal. The other terminal is coupled to the envelope extraction circuit 240 to provide the sensing signal.

[0042] FIG. 7A illustrates an exemplary circuit for detecting motion of a human 200 by SEM using a circulator 224, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 7A , the circuit includes an oscillator 209, a buffer circuit 207, a sensing circuit 220, an antenna terminal 204, an antenna 202, an envelope extraction circuit 240, and a motion detector 260. The sensing circuit 220 includes a circulator 224. To detect motion of the human 200, one or more of the elements of FIG. 7A can be included. These elements can be configured to transmit data between or across each other and send or receive commands. These elements are configured to operate as shown and described in FIG. 6A , except that the circulator 224 is configured to operate as the sensing circuit 220.

[0043] Circulator 224 of sensing circuit 220 is configured to combine the transmitted signal from PAOUT with the incoming signal to form SEM signal 211 and send SEM signal 211 to envelope extraction circuit 240 via connection 214 .

[0044] 7B shows an exemplary circuit for detecting motion of a human 200 by SEM using a circulator 224, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. The sensing circuit 220 of FIG. 7B is part of the circuit of FIG. 7A. As shown in FIG. 7B, the circulator 224 of the sensing circuit 220 includes a first port 224-1, a second port 224-2, a third port 224-3, and a leakage path 224-4 from the first port 224-1 to the third port 224-3.

[0045] The transmit signal ST'(f0) 210-1 from PAOUT is input to the circulator 224 from the first port 224-1 and transmitted to the antenna terminal 204 and the antenna 202 via the second port 224-2 to transmit the wireless signal ST(f0). The antenna 202 receives the reflected wireless signal SR(f0+fd) as an incoming signal SR'(f0+fd) 210-2. The incoming signal SR'(f0+fd) 210-2 enters the circulator 224 from the second port 224-2. The circulator 224 is configured to circulate the incoming signal SR'(f0+fd) 210-2 from the second port 224-2 to the third port 224-3. Furthermore, the transmit signal ST'(f0) 210-1 at the first port 224-1 is leaked to the third port 224-3 via the leakage path 224-4 with a certain power reduction. For example, the leakage path 224-4 may have a loss of 18, 20, 22, or 23 dB. Therefore, the circulator 224 is configured to combine the reduced transmit signal ST'(f0) 210-1 at the first port 224-1 with the incoming signal SR'(f0+fd) 210-2 at the second port 222-2 into the sensing signal 210-3 at the third port 224-3, and transmit the sensing signal 210-3, i.e., the SEM signal 211, to the envelope extraction circuit 240 via the connection 214. The sensed signal 210-3 is a combination of the transmitted signal ST'(f0) 210-1 with a certain power reduction and the incoming signal SR'(f0+fd) 210-2.

[0046] 8A and 8B illustrate an exemplary circuit for detecting motion of a human 200 by an SEM via a connection node 226, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 8A , the circuit includes an oscillator 209, a buffer circuit 207, a power amplifier (PA) 206-A, a sensing circuit 220, an antenna terminal 204, an antenna 202, an envelope extraction circuit 240, and a motion detector 260. The buffer circuit 207 includes a driver 206-B. The sensing circuit 220 includes a connection node 226 between the driver 206-B and the PA 206-A. To detect motion of a human 200, one or more of the elements of FIG. 8A can be included. These elements can be configured to transmit data between or across each other and send or receive commands. These elements are configured to operate as shown and described in FIG. 6A , except that the connection node 226 is configured to operate as the sensing circuit 220.

[0047] Connection node 226 of sensing circuit 220 is configured to combine the transmitted signal from the output of driver 206-B with the incoming signal to form SEM signal 211 and send SEM signal 211 to envelope extraction circuit 240 via connection 216.

[0048] Figure 8B illustrates an exemplary sensing circuit 220 for detecting motion of a human 200 by SEM via a connection node 226, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. The sensing circuit 220 of Figure 8B is part of the circuit of Figure 8A. As shown in Figure 8B, the connection node 226 of the sensing circuit 220 includes a first terminal that connects to the driver 206-B, a second terminal that connects to the PA 206-A, and a third terminal to the connection 216.

[0049] The transmit signal ST'(f) 210-1 from driver 206-B is input to connection node 226 and transmitted via PA 206-A to antenna terminal 204 and antenna 202 for transmitting wireless signal ST(f). Antenna 202 receives reflected wireless signal SR(f+f) as incoming signal SR'(f+f) 210-2. Incoming signal SR'(f+f) 210-2 enters connection node 226 at its second terminal. Connection node 226 is configured to combine transmit signal ST'(f) 210-1 at its first terminal with incoming signal SR'(f+f) 210-2 at its second terminal into sensing signal 210-3 at its third terminal, and transmit sensing signal 210-3, i.e., SEM signal 211, to envelope extraction circuit 240 via connection 216. The sensed signal 210-3 is a combination of the transmitted signal ST'(f0) 210-1 and the received signal SR'(f0+fd) 210-2.

[0050] 9 shows a flowchart of an exemplary method for detecting object motion by a SEM, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Method 300 can be implemented by any circuit disclosed and illustrated in this disclosure. Method 300 includes the steps of transmitting a first wireless signal related to a transmitted signal and receiving a second wireless signal related to an incoming signal (step 310), obtaining a modulated signal related to a combination of the transmitted signal and the incoming signal (step 320), extracting a signal envelope that varies with Doppler shift from the modulated signal (step 330), and determining whether object motion is detected according to the signal envelope (step 340).

[0051] Step 310 includes transmitting a first wireless signal related to the transmitted signal and receiving a second wireless signal related to the incoming signal. The second wireless signal is the first wireless signal reflected from an object. For example, as shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B, a transmitter-like transmit chain is configured to transmit a first wireless signal ST(f0) related to a transmitted signal ST'(f0) 210-1 toward a person 200. When the person 200 is moving, the transmitted wireless signal ST(f0) is reflected by the person 200 as a reflected wireless signal SR(f0+fd). An antenna 202 of the transmit chain receives the reflected wireless signal SR(f0+fd), and the wireless signal SR(f0+fd) enters the transmit chain as an incoming signal SR'(f0+fd) 210-2.

[0052] Step 320 includes obtaining a modulated signal related to the combination of the transmitted signal and the incoming signal. The modulated signal includes a Doppler shift due to the motion of the object. As shown in FIG. 6B, the coupler 222 of the sensing circuit 220 is configured to combine the transmitted signal ST'(f0) 210-1 at port 222-1 with the incoming signal SR'(f0+fd) 210-2 at port 222-2 to form a sensed signal 210-3 at port 222-3, and transmit the SEM signal 211 to the envelope extraction circuit 240 via connection 212. The sensed signal 210-3 is a combination of the transmitted signal ST'(f0) 210-1 and the incoming signal SR'(f0+fd) 210-2, with or without a certain power reduction. The SEM signal 211 includes a Doppler shift due to the motion of the person 200.

[0053] Step 330 includes extracting a signal envelope that varies with the Doppler shift from the modulated signal. As shown in Figure 6A, the envelope extraction circuit 240 is configured to extract the signal envelope 213 of the SEM signal 211. The signal envelope 213 varies with the Doppler shift fd.

[0054] Step 340 includes determining whether object motion is detected according to the signal envelope. As shown in FIG. 6A, the processor 266 of the motion detector 260 is configured to execute instructions stored in the memory 262 to determine that no motion is detected if the signal envelope 213 is a constant envelope. The signal envelope 213 is a constant envelope if the Doppler shift fd=0. Alternatively, the processor 266 is configured to execute instructions stored in the memory 262 to determine that motion of the person 200 is detected if the signal envelope 213 is a changing signal envelope. If a Doppler shift fd of 13.82 Hz or 6.64 Hz is modulated on the signal envelope 213, the signal envelope 213 is a changing signal envelope.

[0055] In some embodiments, the transmit signal is an output signal of a power amplifier. For example, as shown in FIG. 6B, the transmit signal ST'(f0) 210-1 is the output signal PAOUT of the driver and power amplifier 206. Alternatively, the transmit signal may be an input signal of a power amplifier. For example, as shown in FIG. 8B, the transmit signal ST'(f0) 210-1 is the input signal of the power amplifier 206-A. Both the output signal of the driver and power amplifier 206 in FIG. 6B and the output signal of the power amplifier 206-A in FIG. 8B are applied to the antenna 202 to transmit the first wireless signal ST(f0).

[0056] In some embodiments, the incoming signal includes a Doppler shift. As shown in Figure 6B, the incoming signal SR'(f0+fd) 210-2 is obtained from the reflected wireless signal SR(f0+fd) and includes a Doppler shift fd. When the person 200 is moving, fd is not zero.

[0057] In some embodiments, the transmit signal comprises a continuous wave signal. For example, as shown in Figures 6A and 6B, the oscillator 209 is configured to generate a continuous wave signal and transmit the continuous wave signal to be the transmit signal ST'(f0) 210-1 via the driver and power amplifier 206. Alternatively, the transmit signal comprises a signal to be transmitted by the transmitter to be the first wireless signal. For example, as shown in Figure 6A, the transmitter transmit chain is configured to transmit the transmit signal ST'(f0) 210-1 as the first wireless signal ST(f0).

[0058] In some embodiments, extracting the signal envelope in step 330 includes rectifying the modulated signal and filtering the rectified modulated signal. For example, as shown in Figure 6A, the envelope extraction circuit 240 is configured to rectify the SEM signal 211 and filter the rectified SEM signal 211 with the rectifier 120 and LPF 130 shown and described with reference to Figures 2-4 to obtain the signal envelope 213.

[0059] In some embodiments, obtaining a modulated signal in step 320 includes modulating an incoming signal with a transmit signal, or modulating a transmit signal with an incoming signal. For example, as shown in Figures 6A and 6B, the coupler 222 of the sensing circuit 220 is configured to modulate the incoming signal SR'(f0+fd) 210-2 with the transmit signal ST'(f0) 210-1 to obtain the SEM signal 211. Alternatively, the coupler 222 of the sensing circuit 220 is configured to modulate the transmit signal ST'(f0) 210-1 with the incoming signal SR'(f0+fd) 210-2 to obtain the SEM signal 211.

[0060] In some embodiments, obtaining the modulated signal in step 320 includes adding the transmit signal and the incoming signal, coupling the transmit signal to the incoming signal, or attenuating the transmit signal and adding the attenuated transmit signal with the incoming signal. For example, as shown in FIG. 8B, the connection node 226 of the sensing circuit 220 is configured to add the transmit signal ST'(f0) 210-1 and the incoming signal SR'(f0+fd) 210-2 to obtain the SEM signal 211. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 6B, the coupler 222 of the sensing circuit 220 is configured to couple the transmit signal ST'(f0) 210-1 to the incoming signal SR'(f0+fd) 210-2 to obtain the SEM signal 211. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 7B, the circulator 224 of the sensing circuit 220 is configured to reduce the transmit signal ST′(f0) 210-1 and add the incoming signal SR′(f0+fd) 210-2 to the reduced transmit signal ST′(f0) 210-1 to obtain the SEM signal 211.

[0061] In some embodiments, the sensing circuit 220 includes at least one of a coupler, a circulator with a leakage path, a connection node, a capacitor, a power divider, or a duplexer. For example, as shown in FIGS. 6A, 7A, and 8A, the sensing circuit 200 includes a coupler 222, a circulator 224, and a connection node 226, respectively. Alternatively, the sensing circuit 220 can be a capacitor, a branch line coupler, a directional coupler, a Wilkinson power divider, or a duplexer. All of the sensing circuits in the present disclosure can be one of the above-mentioned components. Alternatively, all of the above-mentioned components can be used to replace one another in all of the circuits of the present disclosure.

[0062] In some embodiments, method 300 further includes determining whether the signal envelope includes a changing envelope. The signal level of the changing envelope is at least one of above a first threshold and below a second threshold, the first threshold being above the second threshold. In response to determining that the signal envelope includes a changing envelope, determining whether object motion is detected in step 340 includes determining that object motion is detected according to the changing envelope.

[0063] 10 illustrates exemplary constant and varying envelopes of an SEM signal for detecting motion of a human 200 by SEM, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown on the left side of FIG. 10, when the human 200 is not moving, the signal envelope 213 has a substantially constant envelope. As shown on the right side of FIG. 10, when the human 200 is walking and moving around, the signal envelope 213 has a varying envelope, with the signal level being higher than an upper threshold VTH1 and / or lower than a lower threshold VTH2. The upper threshold VTH1 is greater than the lower threshold VTH2.

[0064] The processor 266 of the motion detector 260 is configured to determine whether the signal envelope 213 includes a changing envelope. If the signal level of the signal envelope 213 is higher than an upper threshold VTH1 or lower than a lower threshold VTH2, the processor 266 is configured to determine that the signal envelope 213 includes a changing envelope.

[0065] In response to determining that the signal envelope includes a changing envelope, the processor 266 of the motion detector 260 is configured to determine whether motion of the human 200 is detected according to the changing envelope 213 .

[0066] In some embodiments, the transmitted signal is obtained from a source signal, which is either a constant envelope signal, a non-constant envelope signal, or a packet-based signal.

[0067] FIG. 11A illustrates an exemplary circuit using a sensing circuit for detecting motion of a human 400 by SEM on a constant envelope signal 415, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 11A , the circuit includes a transceiver 408, a driver and power amplifier 406, a sensing circuit 420, an antenna terminal 404, an antenna 402, an envelope extraction circuit 440, and a motion detector 460. The transceiver 408 includes a transmitter 408-1. The sensing circuit 420 includes a coupler 422. The motion detector 460 includes a memory 462, an I / O interface 464, and a processor 466. One or more of the elements in FIG. 11A can be included to detect motion of the human 400. These elements can be configured to transmit data and send or receive commands between or across each other. These elements are configured to operate similarly to the corresponding elements shown and described with reference to FIG. 6A, except that transmitter 408-1 is configured to transmit a constant envelope signal 415, which is to be the transmit signal in the transmit chain of FIG. 11A.

[0068] FIG. 11B illustrates an exemplary circuit using a circulator 424 for detecting motion of a human 400 by SEM on a constant envelope signal 415, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 11B, the circuit includes a transceiver 408, a driver and power amplifier 406, a sensing circuit 420, an antenna terminal 404, an antenna 402, an envelope extraction circuit 440, and a motion detector 460. The sensing circuit 420 includes a circulator 424. To detect motion of a human 400, one or more of the elements of FIG. 11B can be included. These elements can be configured to transmit data between or across each other and send or receive commands. These elements are configured to operate similarly to the corresponding elements shown and described with reference to FIG. 7A, except that a transmitter 408-1 is configured to transmit a constant envelope signal 415, which is to be the transmit signal in the transmit chain of FIG. 11B.

[0069] FIG. 12 illustrates an exemplary circuit using a connection node 426 for detecting motion of a human 400 by SEM on a constant envelope signal 415, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 12, the circuit includes a transceiver 408, a driver 406-B and a power amplifier 406-A, a connection node 426 (i.e., sensing circuitry), an antenna terminal 404, an antenna 402, an envelope extraction circuit 440, and a motion detector 460. To detect motion of a human 400, one or more of the elements of FIG. 12 can be included. These elements can be configured to transmit data between or across each other and send or receive commands. These elements are configured to operate similarly to the corresponding elements shown and described with reference to FIG. 8A, except that a transmitter 408-1 is configured to transmit a constant envelope signal 415, which is to be the transmit signal in the transmit chain of FIG. 12.

[0070] 11A, 11B and 12, the transmitted signal ST'(f0) can be obtained from the source signal, which is a constant envelope signal 415.

[0071] FIG. 13A illustrates an exemplary circuit using a coupler 422 for detecting motion of a human 400 by SEM on a non-constant envelope signal 417, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 13A , the circuit includes a transceiver 408, a driver and power amplifier 406, a coupler 422 (i.e., sensing circuitry), an antenna terminal 404, an antenna 402, an envelope extraction circuit 440, and a motion detector 460. To detect motion of a human 200, one or more of the elements of FIG. 13A can be included. These elements can be configured to transmit data between or across each other and to send or receive commands. These elements are configured to operate similarly to the corresponding elements shown and described with reference to FIG. 6A , except that a transmitter 408-1 is configured to transmit a non-constant envelope signal 417, which is to be the transmit signal in the transmit chain of FIG. 13A .

[0072] FIG. 13A illustrates an exemplary circuit using a circulator 424 for detecting motion of a human 400 by SEM on a non-constant envelope signal 417, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 13B, the circuit includes a transceiver 408, a driver and power amplifier 406, a circulator 424 (i.e., sensing circuitry), an antenna terminal 404, an antenna 402, an envelope extraction circuit 440, and a motion detector 460. To detect motion of a human 400, one or more of the elements of FIG. 13B can be included. These elements can be configured to transmit data between or across each other and send or receive commands. These elements are configured to operate similarly to the corresponding elements shown and described with reference to FIG. 7A, except that transmitter 408-1 is configured to transmit the non-constant envelope signal 417, which is to be the transmit signal in the transmit chain of FIG. 13B.

[0073] FIG. 14 illustrates an exemplary circuit using a connection node 426 for detecting motion of a human 400 by SEM on a non-constant envelope signal 417, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 14, the circuit includes a transceiver 408, a driver 406-B and a power amplifier 406-A, a connection node 426 (i.e., sensing circuitry), an antenna terminal 404, an antenna 402, an envelope extraction circuit 440, and a motion detector 460. To detect motion of a human 400, one or more of the elements of FIG. 14 can be included. These elements can be configured to transmit data between or across each other and to send or receive commands. These elements are configured to operate similarly to the corresponding elements shown and described with reference to FIG. 8A, except that a transmitter 408-1 is configured to transmit a non-constant envelope signal 417, which is to be the transmit signal in the transmit chain of FIG. 14.

[0074] 13A, 13B and 14, the transmitted signal ST'(f0) can be obtained from a source signal, which is a non-constant envelope signal 415.

[0075] FIG. 15A illustrates an exemplary circuit using a coupler 422 for detecting motion of a person 400 by SEM on a packet-based signal 419, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 15A, the circuit includes a transceiver 408, a driver and power amplifier 406, a coupler 422 (i.e., sensing circuitry), an antenna terminal 404, an antenna 402, an envelope extraction circuit 440, and a motion detector 460. To detect motion of a person 400, one or more of the elements of FIG. 15A can be included. These elements can be configured to transmit data between or across each other and send or receive commands. These elements are configured to operate similarly to the corresponding elements shown and described with reference to FIG. 6A, except that a transmitter 408-1 is configured to transmit a packet-based signal 419, which is to be the transmit signal in the transmit chain of FIG. 15A.

[0076] FIG. 15B illustrates an exemplary circuit using a circulator 424 for detecting motion of a human 400 by SEM on a packet-based signal 419, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 15B, the circuit includes a transceiver 408, a driver and power amplifier 406, a circulator 424 (i.e., sensing circuitry), an antenna terminal 404, an antenna 402, an envelope extraction circuit 440, and a motion detector 460. To detect motion of a human 400, one or more of the elements of FIG. 15B can be included. These elements can be configured to transmit data between or across each other and send or receive commands. These elements are configured to operate similarly to the corresponding elements shown and described with reference to FIG. 7A, except that a transmitter 408-1 is configured to transmit a packet-based signal 419, which is to be the transmit signal in the transmit chain of FIG. 15B.

[0077] FIG. 16 illustrates an exemplary circuit using a connection node 426 for detecting motion of a human 400 by SEM on a packet-based signal 419, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 16, the circuit includes a transceiver 408, a driver 406-B and a power amplifier 406-A, a connection node 426 (i.e., sensing circuitry), an antenna terminal 404, an antenna 402, an envelope extraction circuit 440, and a motion detector 460. To detect motion of a human 400, one or more of the elements of FIG. 16 can be included. These elements can be configured to transmit data between or across each other and send or receive commands. These elements are configured to operate similarly to the corresponding elements shown and described with reference to FIG. 8A, except that a transmitter 408-1 is configured to transmit a packet-based signal 419, which is to be the transmit signal in the transmit chain of FIG. 16.

[0078] 15A, 15B and 16, the transmitted signal ST'(f0) can be obtained from a source signal, which is a packet-based signal 419.

[0079] In some embodiments, the method 300 further includes obtaining a control signal from a transmitter that generates the transmitted signal, and determining whether a Doppler shift is detected according to the signal envelope and the control signal.

[0080] 17A illustrates an exemplary circuit using a coupler 422 for detecting motion of a person 400 by SEM in conjunction with a control signal 470 from a transmitter 408-1, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 17A, the circuit includes a transceiver 408, a driver and power amplifier 406, a coupler 422 (i.e., sensing circuitry), an antenna terminal 404, an antenna 402, and a SEM indicator (SEMI) circuit 480. The SEMI 480 includes a SEM extractor 440 and a Doppler shift detector 482. The SEM extractor 440 includes circuitry and is configured to operate as the envelope extraction circuit 240 of FIG. 6A.

[0081] The Doppler shift detector 482 includes a processor, a memory, and an I / O interface. The Doppler shift detector 482 is configured to operate as the motion detector 460. Furthermore, the Doppler shift detector 482 can be configured to detect the velocity and direction of the person 400 based on the Doppler shift fd. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 6A , when the Doppler shift detector 482 detects fd=13.82 Hz and θ=0, the Doppler shift detector 482 is configured to detect the velocity of the person 400 as 3 km / h. The Doppler shift detector 482 can be configured to detect the angle θ as described below.

[0082] 17A can be included to detect the motion of human 400. These elements can be configured to transmit data between or across each other and to send or receive commands. These elements are configured to operate similarly to the corresponding elements shown and described with reference to FIG. 15A, except that transmitter 408-1 is configured to send control signal 470 to SEMI 480.

[0083] FIG. 17B illustrates an exemplary circuit using a circulator 424 for detecting motion of a human 400 via SEM with a control signal 470 from a transmitter 408-1, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 17B, the circuit includes a transceiver 408, a driver and power amplifier 406, a circulator 424 (i.e., sensing circuitry), an antenna terminal 404, an antenna 402, and a SEM indicator (SEMI) circuit 480. To detect motion of the human 400, one or more of the elements of FIG. 17B can be included. These elements can be configured to transmit data between or across each other and send or receive commands. These elements are configured to operate similarly to the corresponding elements illustrated and described with reference to FIG. 17A, except that the circulator 424 is configured to acquire the SEM signal and send the SEM signal to the SEM extractor 440. The transmitter 408-1 is configured to send the control signal 470 to the SEMI 480.

[0084] FIG. 18 illustrates an exemplary circuit using a connection node 426 for detecting motion of a human 400 via SEM with a control signal 470 from a transmitter 408-1, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 18, the circuit includes a transceiver 408, a driver 406-B and a power amplifier 406-A, a connection node 426 (i.e., sensing circuitry), an antenna terminal 404, an antenna 402, and a SEM indicator (SEMI) circuit 480. To detect motion of the human 400, one or more of the elements of FIG. 18 can be included. These elements can be configured to transmit data between or across each other and send or receive commands. These elements are configured to operate similarly to the corresponding elements illustrated and described with reference to FIG. 17A, except that the connection node 426 is configured to acquire an SEM signal and send the SEM signal to the SEM extractor 440. The transmitter 408-1 is configured to send the control signal 470 to the SEMI 480.

[0085] 17A, 17B, and 18, the Doppler shift detector 482 is configured to receive a control signal 470 from the transmitter 408-1 that generates the transmit signal ST'(f0). The control signal 470 includes information about when the transmitter 408-1 will transmit the transmit signal ST'(f0), and the waveform transmitter 408-1 sends to the Doppler shift detector 482 to detect the Doppler shift with respect to the parameters of the waveform at the correct time. Thus, the Doppler shift detector 482 is configured to determine whether a Doppler shift is detected according to the signal envelope and the control signal 470 from the transmitter 408-1.

[0086] In some embodiments, the modulated signal 411 is a first modulated signal and the signal envelope 413 is a first signal envelope, and the method 300 further includes the steps of: determining, in accordance with the control signal, to extract either the first signal envelope or a second signal envelope that varies with a Doppler shift; obtaining the second modulated signal and extracting the second signal envelope from the second modulated signal in response to the decision to extract the second signal envelope; and determining whether a Doppler shift is detected in accordance with the control signal and either the first signal envelope or the second signal envelope.

[0087] 19 illustrates an exemplary circuit having a source signal generator 481 for detecting motion of a human 400 by SEM, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 19, the circuit includes a transceiver 408, a driver 406-B and a power amplifier 406-A, a connection node 426 (i.e., sensing circuitry), an antenna terminal 404, an antenna 402, an oscillator 481, a driver 486-B and a power amplifier 486-A, a connection node 485, a switch 403, and a SEM indicator (SEMI) circuit 480.

[0088] 19 may be included to detect motion of the person 400. These elements may be configured to transmit data between or across each other and to send or receive commands. These elements are configured to operate similarly to the corresponding elements shown and described with reference to FIG. 18, except that the oscillator 481, the driver 486-B, the connection node 485, and the power amplifier 486-A are coupled in sequence to form another transmit chain and generate another transmit signal ST'(f0).

[0089] Connection node 426 is configured to receive an SEM signal and send the SEM signal to SEM extractor 440 via connection 416. Connection node 485 is configured to receive another SEM signal and send the SEM signal to SEM extractor 440 via connection 416-OSC. Transmitter 408-1 is configured to send control signal 470 to SEMI 480 and control signal 471 to switch 403.

[0090] A control signal 471 is sent to switch 403 to select a path for the incoming signal SR'(f0+fd). If the upper transmit chain of Figure 19 can be used to extract the SEM signal, the control signal 471 is configured to select an upper path for the incoming signal SR'(f0+fd) entering connection node 426. If the upper transmit chain of Figure 19 cannot extract the SEM signal, the control signal 471 is configured to select a lower path for the incoming signal SR'(f0+fd) entering connection node 485.

[0091] Doppler shift detector 482 is configured to determine, according to the control signal, whether to extract a first signal envelope from a SEM signal on connection 416 that is varied by Doppler shift, or a second signal envelope from another SEM signal on connection 416-OSC that is varied by Doppler shift.

[0092] 19 is unavailable, Doppler shift detector 482 is configured to determine to extract the second signal envelope. In response to determining to extract the second signal envelope, SEMI 480 is configured to obtain the second modulated signal from connection node 485 and extract the second signal envelope from the second modulated signal on connection 416-OSC.

[0093] The detection circuit 482 is configured to determine whether a Doppler shift is detected according to the control signal and the first signal envelope or the second signal envelope.

[0094] 19, oscillator 481 is configured to generate a source signal. Connection node 485 is configured to combine the source signal with a second incoming signal SR'(f0+fd) from switch 403 to obtain a second modulated signal. The second incoming signal SR'(f0+fd) is obtained from the reflected wireless signal SR(f0+fd).

[0095] In some embodiments, obtaining the modulated signal in Step 320 includes obtaining the modulated signal from a first loop signal of a closed loop circuit, and a second loop signal of the closed loop circuit including a combination of a transmitted signal and an incoming signal.

[0096] FIG. 20A illustrates an exemplary circuit using a coupler 422 for detecting motion of a person 400 via SEM on a closed-loop circuit 421-CPL, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 20A, the circuit includes a transceiver 408, a connection node 426-RF, a driver and power amplifier 406 (i.e., buffer circuit 407), a coupler 422 (i.e., sensing circuit 420), an antenna terminal 404, an antenna 402, and an SEM indicator circuit 480. The transceiver 408 includes a transmitter 408-1 and a transmit power controller 408-2. The SEM extractor 440 is configured to operate similarly to the envelope extraction circuit 240 illustrated and described with reference to FIG. 6A.

[0097] 20A can be included to detect the motion of the human 400. These elements can be configured to transmit data between or across each other and to send or receive commands. These elements are configured to operate as shown in FIG. 17A except that the transmitter 408-1 is not configured to send the control signal 470 to the SEMI 480 and the coupler 422 of the sensing circuit 420 is configured to send the sensed SEM signal to the transmit power controller 408-2 instead of the SEM extractor 440.

[0098] As shown in FIG. 20A , the closed-loop circuit 421-CPL includes a transmitter 408-1, a connection node 426-RF, a driver and power amplifier 406, a coupler 422, and a transmit power controller 408-2. The coupler 422 of the sensing circuit 420 is configured to combine a transmit signal and an incoming signal to obtain a first SEM signal and feed the combined signal back to the transmit power controller 408-2. The first SEM signal can be propagated to the transmitter 408-1 via a transmit power control signal 472. The transmitter 408-1 is configured to control the transmit power on the transmit signal based on the transmit power control signal 472 carrying the first SEM signal. Thus, the transmitter 408-1 is configured to transmit a transmit signal including the first SEM signal. Connection node 426-RF in RF IN is configured to sense the transmitted signal to obtain a second SEM signal and send the second SEM signal via connection 412-RF to SEM extractor 440 to extract the signal envelope.

[0099] 20A, the closed loop circuit 421-CPL includes a transmitter 408-1, a connection node 426-RF (i.e., a second sensing circuit), a driver and power amplifier 406 (i.e., a radio frequency circuit), and a coupler 422 (i.e., a first sensing circuit). The second sensing circuit, connection node 426-RF, is configured to derive a second SEM signal from the RF IN signal of the closed loop circuit. The first sensing circuit, coupler 422, is configured to obtain a first modulated signal including a combination of the transmitted signal and the incoming signal.

[0100] In some embodiments, the method 300 includes adjusting a transmission power of a transmitter in the closed loop circuit based on the second loop signal.

[0101] As shown in FIG. 20A, transmitter 408-1 is configured to adjust its transmit power based on the first SEM signal.

[0102] In some embodiments, the first loop signal is an input signal of the radio frequency circuit to the closed loop circuit, and the output signal of the radio frequency circuit is applied to the antenna to transmit the first wireless signal. For example, as shown in Figure 20A, the first loop signal is the RFIN signal of the closed circuit 421-CPL. The output signal of the driver and power amplifier 406 (i.e., the radio frequency circuit) is applied to the antenna 402 to transmit the first wireless signal ST(f0).

[0103] According to some embodiments, the first loop signal comprises a signal that combines the transmitted signal and the incoming signal and is fed back to the transmitter in a closed loop circuit. For example, the first loop signal can be a first SEM signal obtained by the first sensing circuit, coupler 422, that comprises a combination of the transmitted signal and the incoming signal.

[0104] 20B shows an exemplary circuit using a circulator 424 for detecting motion of a human 400 by SEM on a closed-loop circuit 421-CIR, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 20B, the circuit includes a transceiver 408, a connection node 426-RF, a driver and power amplifier 406 (i.e., buffer circuit 407), a circulator 424 (i.e., sensing circuit 420), an antenna terminal 404, an antenna 402, and a SEM indicator (SEMI) circuit 480. The SEM extractor 440 is configured to operate similarly to the envelope extraction circuit 240 shown and described with reference to FIG. 6A.

[0105] 20B may be included to detect motion of the human 400. These elements may be configured to transmit data between or across each other and to send or receive commands. These elements are configured to operate similarly to the corresponding elements shown and described with reference to FIG. 20A, except that the circulator 424 of the sensing circuit 420 is configured to send the first SEM signal to the transmit power controller 408-2.

[0106] As shown in Figure 20B, the closed loop circuit 421-CIR includes a transmitter 408-1, a connection node 426-RF, a driver and power amplifier 406, a circulator 424, and a transmit power controller 408-2. The circulator 424 of the sensing circuit 420 is configured to combine the transmitted signal and the incoming signal to obtain a first SEM signal and feed it back to the transmit power controller 408-2. The remaining operation of the closed loop circuit 421-CIR is shown and described for the closed loop circuit 421-CPL of Figure 20A.

[0107] 21 illustrates an exemplary circuit using a connection node 426 for detecting motion of a human 400 via SEM on a closed-loop circuit 421-NOD, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 21, the circuit includes a transceiver 408, a connection node 426-RF, a driver 406-B (i.e., buffer circuit 407), a connection node 426 (i.e., sensing circuit), a power amplifier 406-A, an antenna terminal 404, an antenna 402, and a SEM indicator (SEMI) circuit 480. The SEM extractor 440 is configured to operate similarly to the envelope extraction circuit 240 illustrated and described with reference to FIG. 6A.

[0108] 21 may be included to detect motion of the human 400. These elements may be configured to transmit data between or across each other and to send or receive commands. These elements are configured to operate similarly to the corresponding elements shown and described with reference to FIG. 20A, except that connection node 426 is configured to send the first SEM signal to S transmit power controller 408-2.

[0109] 21, the closed loop circuit 421-NOD includes a transceiver 408-1, a connection node 426-RF, a buffer circuit 407, a connection node 426 (i.e., a sensing circuit), and a transmit power controller 408-2. The connection node 426 is configured to combine the transmit signal and the incoming signal to obtain a first SEM signal and feed it back to the transmit power controller 408-2. The remaining operation of the closed loop circuit 421-NOD is similar to that of the closed loop circuit 421-CPL shown and described with reference to FIG. 20A.

[0110] In some embodiments, the first loop signal includes a signal for controlling the transmission power of a transmitter in the closed loop circuit.

[0111] FIG. 22 illustrates an exemplary circuit using a coupler 422 for detecting motion of a human 400 by SEM on a power control closed-loop circuit, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 22 , the circuit includes a transceiver 408, a connection node 426-PWR, a driver and power amplifier 406 (i.e., buffer circuit 407), a coupler 422 (i.e., sensing circuit 420), an antenna terminal 404, an antenna 402, and a SEM indicator (SEMI) circuit 480. The SEMI 480 includes a SEM extractor 440 and a Doppler shift detector 482. The SEM extractor 440 includes an amplifier 442 and a filter 444. Alternatively, the SEM extractor 440 may include a circuit for envelope extraction, such as that shown and described with reference to FIGS. 5A, 5B, 5C, and 5D.

[0112] 22 may be included to detect motion of the person 400. These elements may be configured to transmit data between or across each other and to send or receive commands. These elements are configured to operate similarly to the corresponding elements shown and described with reference to FIG. 20A, except that the connection node 426-PWR is configured to derive the SEM signal from the transmit power control signal 472.

[0113] 22, the power control closed loop circuit includes a transmitter 408-1, a connection node 426-PWR, a driver and power amplifier 406, a coupler 422, and a transmit power controller 408-2. The coupler 422 is configured to combine the transmit signal and the incoming signal to obtain a first SEM signal and feed it back to the transmit power controller 408-2. The connection node 426-PWR is configured to obtain a second SEM signal from the transmit power control signal 472 and send the second SEM signal to the SEM extractor 440. The remaining operation of the power control closed loop circuit is shown and described for the closed loop circuit 421-CPL of FIG. 20A.

[0114] 23 illustrates an exemplary circuit using a connection node 426 for detecting motion of a human 400 by SEM on a power control closed loop circuit, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 23, the circuit includes a transceiver 408, a connection node 426-PWR, a driver 406-B and a power amplifier 406-A, a connection node 426 (i.e., sensing circuitry), an antenna terminal 404, an antenna 402, and a SEM indicator (SEMI) circuit 480.

[0115] 23 may be included to detect motion of the person 400. These elements may be configured to transmit data between or across each other and to send or receive commands. These elements are configured to operate as shown in FIG. 21 except that connector node 426-PWR is configured to derive the SEM signal from the transmit power control signal 472.

[0116] 23, the power control closed loop circuit includes a transmitter 408-1, a connection node 426-PWR, a driver and power amplifier 406, a connection node 426, and a transmit power controller 408-2. The connection node 426 is configured to combine the transmit signal and the incoming signal to obtain a first SEM signal and feed it back to the transmit power controller 408-2. The connection node 426-PWR is configured to obtain a second SEM signal from the transmit power control signal 472 and send the second SEM signal to the SEM extractor 440. The remaining operation of the power control closed loop circuit is shown and described for the closed loop circuit 421-NOD of FIG.

[0117] As shown in FIGS. 22 and 23, the first loop signal includes a transmit power control signal 472 for controlling the transmit power of the transmitter 408-1 in the power control closed loop circuit.

[0118] In some embodiments, the first loop signal includes a signal for controlling the gain of a power amplifier, the output signal of which is applied to an antenna to transmit the first wireless signal.

[0119] 24 illustrates an exemplary circuit using a coupler 422 for detecting motion of a human 400 by SEM on a power control closed-loop circuit, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 24, the circuit includes a transceiver 408, a connection node 426-GN, a driver and power amplifier 406 (i.e., a buffer circuit 407), a coupler 422 (i.e., a sensing circuit 420), an antenna terminal 404, an antenna 402, and a SEM indicator (SEMI) circuit 480.

[0120] 24 may be included to detect motion of the person 400. These elements may be configured to transmit data between or across each other and to send or receive commands. These elements are configured to operate similarly to the corresponding elements shown and described with reference to FIG. 22, except that the connection node 426-GN is configured to derive the SEM signal from the transmit power control signal 473.

[0121] 24, the power control closed-loop circuit includes a transmitter 408-1, a connection node 426-GN, a driver and power amplifier 406, a coupler 422, and a transmit power controller 408-2. The coupler 422 is configured to combine the transmit signal and the incoming signal to obtain a first SEM signal and feed it back to the transmit power controller 408-2. The connection node 426-GN is configured to obtain a second SEM signal from the transmit power control signal 473 and send the second SEM signal to the SEM extractor 440. The remaining operation of the power control closed-loop circuit is shown and described for the closed-loop circuit 421-CPL of FIG. 20A.

[0122] 25 illustrates an exemplary circuit using a connection node 426 for detecting motion of a human 400 by SEM on a power control closed loop circuit, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 25, the circuit includes a transceiver 408, a connection node 426-GN, a driver 406-B and a power amplifier 406-A, a connection node 426 (i.e., sensing circuitry), an antenna terminal 404, an antenna 402, and a SEM indicator (SEMI) circuit 480.

[0123] 25 may be included to detect motion of the human 400. These elements may be configured to transmit data between or across each other and to send or receive commands. These elements are configured to operate similarly to the corresponding elements shown and described with reference to FIG. 23, except that the connection node 426-GN is configured to derive the SEM signal from the transmit power control signal 474.

[0124] 25, the power control closed-loop circuit includes a transmitter 408-1, a connection node 426-GN, a driver and power amplifier 406, a connection node 426, and a transmit power controller 408-2. The connection node 426 is configured to combine the transmit signal and the incoming signal to obtain a first SEM signal and feed it back to the transmit power controller 408-2. The connection node 426-GN is configured to obtain a second SEM signal from the transmit power control signal 474 and send the second SEM signal to the SEM extractor 440. The remaining operation of the power control closed-loop circuit is similar to that of the closed-loop circuit 421-NOD shown and described with reference to FIG.

[0125] As shown in Figures 24 and 25, the first loop signal includes a transmit power control signal 473 for controlling the gain of the driver and power amplifier 406 in Figure 24, or the gain of the driver 406-B and power amplifier 406-A in Figure 25. The output signal of the power amplifier 406 or 406-A is applied to the antenna 402 to transmit the first radio signal.

[0126] According to some embodiments, the first loop signal comprises a signal that combines the transmitted signal and the incoming signal and is fed back to the transmitter of the closed loop circuit.

[0127] 26 illustrates an exemplary circuit using a coupler 422 for detecting motion of a human 400 by SEM on a power control closed-loop circuit, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 26, the circuit includes a transceiver 408, a connection node 426-PC, a driver and power amplifier 406 (i.e., a buffer circuit), a coupler 422 (i.e., a sensing circuit), an antenna terminal 404, an antenna 402, and a SEM indicator (SEMI) circuit 480.

[0128] 26 may be included to detect motion of the person 400. These elements may be configured to transmit data between or across each other and to send or receive commands. These elements are configured to operate similarly to the corresponding elements shown and described with reference to FIG. 22, except that connection node 426-PC is configured to obtain the SEM signal from connection 412-PC, which is feedback from coupler 422 to transmit power controller 408.

[0129] As shown in FIG. 26, the power control closed-loop circuit includes a transmitter 408-1, a connection node 426-PC, a driver and power amplifier 406, a coupler 422, and a transmit power controller 408-2. The coupler 422 is configured to combine the transmit signal and the incoming signal to obtain a first SEM signal and feed it back to the transmit power controller 408-2 via connection 412-PC. The connection node 426-PC is configured to obtain a second SEM signal from connection 412-PC and send the second SEM signal to the SEM extractor 440. The second SEM signal from connection 412-PC is the first SEM signal. The remaining operation of the power control closed-loop circuit is shown and described for the closed-loop circuit 421-CPL of FIG. 20A.

[0130] 27 illustrates an exemplary circuit using a connection node 426 for detecting motion of a human 400 by SEM on a power control closed loop circuit, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 27, the circuit includes a transceiver 408, a connection node 426-PC, a driver 406-B and a power amplifier 406-A, a connection node 426 (i.e., sensing circuitry), an antenna terminal 404, an antenna 402, and a SEM indicator (SEMI) circuit 480.

[0131] 27 may be included to detect motion of the person 400. These elements may be configured to transmit data between or across each other and to send or receive commands. These elements are configured to operate similarly to the corresponding elements shown and described with reference to FIG. 23, except that connection node 426-PC is configured to obtain an SEM signal from connection 412-PC, which is feedback from connection node 426 to transmit power controller 408.

[0132] 27, the power control closed-loop circuit includes a transmitter 408-1, a connection node 426-PC, a driver and power amplifier 406, a connection node 426, and a transmit power controller 408-2. The connection node 426 is configured to combine the transmit signal and the incoming signal to obtain a first SEM signal and feed it back to the transmit power controller 408-2 via connection 416-PC. The connection node 426-PC is configured to obtain a second SEM signal from connection 416-PC and send the second SEM signal to the SEM extractor 440. The second SEM signal from connection 416-PC is the first SEM signal. The remaining operation of the power control closed-loop circuit is shown and described for the closed-loop circuit 421-NOD of FIG. 21.

[0133] As shown in FIGS. 26 and 27, the first loop signal from connection node 426-PC combines the transmitted signal with the incoming signal and includes a signal that is fed back to the transmitter of the power control closed loop circuit.

[0134] In some embodiments, obtaining the modulated signal in step 320 of method 300 includes obtaining the modulated signal from a first loop signal of a power amplification and linearization loop circuit, and a second loop signal of the power amplification and linearization loop circuit includes a combination of the transmitted signal and the incoming signal.

[0135] 28 illustrates an exemplary circuit using a coupler 522 for detecting motion of a human 500 by SEM on a power amplification and linearization loop circuit, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 28, the circuit includes a transceiver 508, a first coupler 520 (i.e., sensing circuit), a driver and power amplifier 506 (i.e., buffer circuit), a second coupler 522 (i.e., sensing circuit), an antenna terminal 504, an antenna 502, and an SEM indicator circuit 580. The transceiver 508 includes a pre-compensator 508-1. The SEM 580 includes an SEM extractor 540 and a Doppler shift detector 582.

[0136] 28 may be included to detect motion of the person 400. These elements may be configured to transmit data between or across each other and to send or receive commands. These elements are configured to operate similarly to the corresponding elements shown and described with reference to FIG. 17A, except that the coupler 522 is configured to send the sensed SEM to a pre-distorter 508-1 rather than to an SEM extractor.

[0137] 28, the power amplification and linearization loop circuit includes a pre-compensator 508-1, a coupler 520, a driver and power amplifier 506, and a coupler 522. The coupler 522 is configured to combine the transmit signal and the incoming signal to obtain a first SEM signal and feed it back to the pre-compensator 508-1. The first SEM signal can propagate to the transceiver 508 via the pre-compensator 508-1. The transceiver 508 is configured to pre-distort the transmit signal based on the first SEM signal. Thus, the transceiver 508 is configured to transmit a transmit signal including the first SEM signal. The coupler 520 in the RF IN is configured to sense the transmit signal to obtain a second SEM signal and send the second SEM signal to the SEM extractor 440 via connection 516 to extract the signal envelope.

[0138] 28, the power amplification and linearization loop circuit includes a transceiver 508, a coupler 520 (i.e., a second sensing circuit), a driver and power amplifier 506 (i.e., a radio frequency circuit), and a coupler 522 (i.e., a first sensing circuit). The sensing circuit, coupler 520, is configured to obtain a second SEM signal from the RF IN of the power amplification and linearization loop circuit, and the sensing circuit, coupler 522, is configured to obtain a first SEM signal that includes a combination of the transmitted signal and the incoming signal.

[0139] In some embodiments, the method 300 further includes pre-compensating a signal to be the first wireless signal transmitted by the transmitter based on the second loop signal. For example, as shown in FIG. 28 , the transmitter 508 includes a pre-compensator 508-1. The pre-compensator 508-1 is configured to pre-compensate a transmit signal to be the first wireless signal transmitted by the transceiver 508 based on the first SEM signal.

[0140] In some embodiments, the first loop signal comprises an input signal of a radio frequency circuit in a power amplification and linearization loop circuit. An output signal of the radio frequency circuit is applied to an antenna to transmit the first wireless signal. For example, as shown in FIG. 28, the first loop signal is the RFIN signal of the power amplification and linearization loop circuit. An output signal of the driver and power amplifier 506 (i.e., the radio frequency circuit) is applied to the antenna 402 to transmit the first wireless signal ST(f0).

[0141] 29 illustrates an exemplary circuit using a connection node 526 for detecting motion of a human 500 by SEM on a power amplification and linearization loop circuit, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 29, the circuit includes a transceiver 508, a coupler 520 (i.e., sensing circuitry), a driver 506-B (i.e., buffer circuitry) and a power amplifier 506-A, a connection node 526 (i.e., another sensing circuitry), an antenna terminal 504, an antenna 502, and an SEM indicator circuit 580.

[0142] 29 may be included to detect motion of the human 500. These elements may be configured to transmit data between or across each other and to send or receive commands. These elements are configured to operate similarly to the corresponding elements shown and described with reference to FIG. 18, except that connection node 526 is configured to route the sensed SEM signal to pre-compensator 508-1 rather than to the SEM extractor.

[0143] 29, the power amplification and linearization loop circuit includes a pre-compensator 508-1, a coupler 520, a driver and power amplifier 506, and a connection node 526. The connection node 526 is configured to combine the transmitted signal and the incoming signal to obtain a first SEM signal and feed it back to the pre-compensator 508-1. The remaining operation of the power amplification and linearization loop is as shown and described for the power amplification and linearization loop circuit of FIG.

[0144] In some embodiments, the first loop signal includes a signal for controlling a pre-compensator signal.

[0145] 30 illustrates an exemplary circuit using a coupler 522 for detecting motion of a human 500 by SEM on a power amplification and linearization loop circuit, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 30, the circuit includes a transceiver 508, a driver and power amplifier 506 (i.e., a buffer circuit), a coupler 522 (i.e., a sensing circuit), an antenna terminal 504, an antenna 502, and a SEM indicator (SEMI) circuit 580. The transceiver 508 includes a pre-compensator 508-1 and a connection node 526-PD. The SEMI 580 includes a SEM extractor 540 and a Doppler shift detector 582. The SEM extractor 540 includes an amplifier 542 and a filter 544.

[0146] 30 may be included to detect motion of the human 500. These elements may be configured to transmit data between or across each other and to send or receive commands. These elements are configured to operate similarly to the corresponding elements shown and described with reference to FIG. 28, except that coupler 520 is not used and connection node 526-PD is configured to sense the precompensation control signal of precompensator 508-1 and send it to SEM extractor 540.

[0147] 30, the power amplification and linearization loop circuit includes a pre-compensator 508-1, a connection node 526-PD, a driver and power amplifier 506, and a coupler 522. The coupler 522 is configured to combine the transmit signal and the incoming signal to obtain a first SEM signal and feed it back to the pre-compensator 508-1. The first SEM signal can be propagated to the transceiver 508 via the pre-compensator 508-1. The transceiver 508 is configured to pre-compensate the transmit signal based on the first SEM signal. Thus, the pre-compensation control signal of the pre-compensator 508-1 includes the first SEM signal. The connection node 526-PD is configured to sense the pre-compensation control signal of the pre-compensator 508-1 to obtain a second SEM signal and transmit the second SEM signal to the SEM extractor 440 via connection 570 to extract the signal envelope.

[0148] 31 illustrates an exemplary circuit using a connection node 526 for detecting motion of a human 500 via SEM on a power amplification and linearization loop circuit, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 31, the circuit includes a transceiver 508, a driver 506-B (i.e., buffer circuit) and a power amplifier 506-A, a connection node 526 (i.e., sensing circuit), an antenna terminal 504, an antenna 502, and a SEM indicator (SEMI) circuit 580. The transceiver 508 includes a precompensator 508-1 and a connection node 526-PD. The SEMI 580 includes a SEM extractor 540 and a Doppler shift detector 582. The SEM extractor includes an amplifier 542 and a filter 544.

[0149] 31 may be included to detect motion of the human 500. These elements may be configured to transmit data between or across each other and to send or receive commands. These elements are configured to operate similarly to the corresponding elements shown and described with reference to FIG. 29, except that coupler 520 is not used and connection node 526-PD is configured to sense the precompensation control signal of precompensator 508-1 and send it to SEM extractor 540.

[0150] As shown in FIG. 31 , the power amplification and linearization loop circuit includes a precompensator 508-1, a connection node 526-PD, a driver 506-B and a power amplifier 506-A, and a connection node 526. The connection node 526 is configured to combine the transmit signal and the incoming signal to obtain a first SEM signal and feed it back to the precompensator 508-1. The first SEM signal can be propagated to the transceiver 508 via the precompensator 508-1. The transceiver 508 is configured to precompensate the transmit signal based on the first SEM signal. Thus, the precompensation control signal of the precompensator 508-1 includes the first SEM signal. The connection node 526-PD is configured to sense the precompensation control signal of the precompensator 508-1 to obtain a second SEM signal and transmit the second SEM signal to the SEM extractor 440 via connection 570 to extract the signal envelope.

[0151] As shown in FIGS. 30 and 31, the first loop signal may be a precompensation control signal of a precompensator 508-1 for controlling signal precompensation in the transceiver 508.

[0152] According to some embodiments, the first loop signal comprises a signal that combines the transmitted signal and the incoming signal in a power amplification and linearization loop circuit and is fed back to the transmitter.

[0153] 32 illustrates an exemplary circuit using a coupler 522 for detecting motion of a human 500 by SEM on a power amplification and linearization loop circuit, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 32, the circuit includes a transceiver 508, a driver and power amplifier 506 (i.e., buffer circuit), a coupler 522 (i.e., sensing circuit), an antenna terminal 504, an antenna 502, and a SEM indicator (SEMI) circuit 580. The transceiver 508 includes a pre-compensator 508-1. The SEMI 580 includes a SEM extractor 540 and a Doppler shift detector 582.

[0154] 32 may be included to detect motion of the person 500. These elements may be configured to transmit data and send or receive commands between or across each other. These elements are configured to operate similarly to the corresponding elements shown and described with reference to FIG. 30, except that connection node 526-PD is configured to sense the SEM signal sensed by coupler 522 and feed the SEM signal back to pre-compensator 508-1 on connection 512-PD, which in turn sends the SEM signal to SEM extractor 540.

[0155] 32, the power amplification and linearization loop circuit includes a pre-compensator 508-1, a coupler 520, a driver and power amplifier 506, and a coupler 522. The coupler 522 is configured to combine the transmitted signal and the incoming signal to obtain a first SEM signal and feed it back to the pre-compensator 508-1 via connection 512-D. The connection node 526-PD is configured to sense the first SEM signal on connection 512-PD, obtain a second SEM signal, and transmit the second SEM signal to the SEM extractor 440 via connection 512-PD to extract the signal envelope.

[0156] 33 illustrates an exemplary circuit using a connection node 526 for detecting motion of a human 500 via SEM on a power amplification and linearization loop circuit, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 33, the circuit includes a transceiver 508, a driver 506-B (i.e., a buffer circuit) and a power amplifier 506-A, a connection node 526 (i.e., a sensing circuit), a connection node 526-D (i.e., another sensing circuit), an antenna terminal 504, an antenna 502, and an SEM indicator (SEMI) circuit 580. The transceiver 508 includes a precompensator 508-1 and a connection node 526-PD. The SEMI circuit 580 includes an SEM extractor 540 and a Doppler shift detector 582.

[0157] 33 may be included to detect motion of the human 500. These elements may be configured to transmit data between or across each other and to send or receive commands. These elements are configured to operate similarly to the corresponding elements shown and described with reference to FIG. 31, except that coupler 522 is not used and connection node 526-PD is configured to sense the precompensation control signal of precompensator 508-1 and send it to SEM extractor 540.

[0158] 33, the power amplification and linearization loop circuit includes a pre-compensator 508-1, a driver 506-B and a power amplifier 506-A, a connection node 526, and a connection node 526-PD. The connection node 526 is configured to combine the transmitted signal and the incoming signal to obtain a first SEM signal and feed it back to the pre-compensator 508-1 via connection 516-PD. The connection node 526-PD is configured to sense the first SEM signal to obtain a second SEM signal and send the second SEM signal to the SEM extractor 440 via connection 516 for extracting the signal envelope.

[0159] As shown in Figures 32 and 33, the first loop signal can be a second SEM signal that combines the transmitted signal and the incoming signal and is fed back to the transceiver 508 of the power amplification and linearization loop circuit.

[0160] In some embodiments, the incoming signal is a first incoming signal, and the second wireless signal is a first reflection of the first wireless signal from an object. Obtaining a modulated signal in step 320 includes combining the transmitted signal and the first incoming signal as a sensing signal, and combining the sensing signal and the second incoming signal to obtain a modulated signal. The second incoming signal is obtained from a third wireless signal. The third wireless signal is a second reflection of the first wireless signal from an object. The first incoming signal is received via a first antenna port. The second incoming signal is received via a second antenna port. The first incoming signal includes a first Doppler shift. The second incoming signal includes a second Doppler shift.

[0161] FIG. 34 illustrates an exemplary circuit using a coupler 620 for detecting motion of a person 600 by a SEM on two antenna ports, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 34 , the circuit includes an oscillator 609, a buffer circuit 607, a sensing circuit 620, antenna terminals 604-1 and 604-2, antennas 602-1 and 602-2, an envelope extraction circuit 640, and a motion detector 660. The buffer circuit 607 includes a driver and power amplifier (PA) 606. The sensing circuit 620 includes a coupler 622 and a combiner 623. The motion detector 660 includes a memory 662, an I / O interface 664, and a processor 666. One or more of the elements in FIG. 34 can be included to detect motion of the person 600. These elements can be configured to transmit data and send or receive commands between or across each other. These elements are configured to operate similarly to the corresponding elements shown and described with reference to Figure 6A.

[0162] The transmit chain of Figure 34 is configured to transmit a wireless signal ST(f0) toward a person 600. When the person 600 is moving, the transmitted wireless signal ST(f0) is reflected by the person 600 as a first reflected wireless signal SR1(f0+fd) and a second reflected wireless signal SR2(f0+fd). The first reflected wireless signal SR1(f0+fd) is received by antenna 602-1 and enters the transmit chain as a first incoming signal. The second reflected wireless signal SR2(f0+fd) is received by antenna 602-2 and enters antenna terminal 604-2 as a second incoming signal 612-B.

[0163] The coupler 622 of the sensing circuit 620 is configured to combine the transmitted signal from PAOUT with the first incoming signal as a sensed signal 612-A. The combiner 623 of the sensing circuit 620 is configured to combine the sensed signal 612-A and the second incoming signal 612-B as an SEM signal 611 and send the SEM signal 611 to the envelope extraction circuit 640 via connection 612.

[0164] The first incoming signal is received via antenna terminal 604-1, which is a transmit port, and the second incoming signal is received via antenna terminal 604-2, which is a receive port.

[0165] 34, a first reflected wireless signal SR1(f0+fd) received via antenna 602-1 enters the transmission chain as a first incoming signal. A coupler 622 of the sensing circuit 620 is configured to combine the transmitted signal and the first incoming signal as a sensing signal. A second incoming signal 612-B received via antenna 602-2 is obtained from a second reflected wireless signal SR2(f0+fd) from the person 600. A combiner 623 of the sensing circuit 620 is configured to combine the sensing signal and the second incoming signal to obtain a modulated signal.

[0166] A first incoming signal is received via the transmit port at antenna terminal 604-1, and a second incoming signal 612-B is received via the receive port at antenna terminal 604-2.

[0167] The first input signal includes a first Doppler shift fd from the first reflected wireless signal SR1(f0+fd). The second input signal includes a second Doppler shift fd from the second reflected wireless signal SR2(f0+fd). Depending on the positions of antennas 602-1 and 602-2, the first Doppler shift and the second Doppler shift can be the same or different.

[0168] 35A, 35B, and 35C are diagrams illustrating exemplary antenna port configurations for detecting the motion of a person 600 using a SEM on two antenna ports, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 35A illustrates a first type of antenna port configuration. In FIG. 35A, the transmit port 605-1 is connected to the antenna terminal 604-1 and the antenna 602-1. The receive port 605-2 is connected to the antenna terminal 604-2 and the antenna 602-2. FIG. 35B illustrates a second type of antenna port configuration. In FIG. 35B, the transmit port 605-1 and the receive port 605-2 are coupled to the antenna 602-3. FIG. 35C illustrates a third type of antenna port configuration. In FIG. 35C, the transmit port 605-1 is connected to the port 624-1 of the circulator 624. The port 624-2 of the circulator 624 is connected to the antenna terminal 604 and the antenna 602. The receiving port 605-2 is connected to port 624-3 of the circulator 624. All of these antenna port configurations can be applied to the circuit of Figure 34 to receive two input signals.

[0169] In some embodiments, the method 300 further includes amplifying the second incoming signal. Combining the sensed second incoming signal of the method 300 includes combining the sensed signal and the amplified second incoming signal to obtain a modulated signal.

[0170] FIG. 36 illustrates an exemplary circuit using an amplifier 625 for detecting motion of a person 600 by a SEM on two antenna ports, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 36 , the circuit includes an oscillator 609, a buffer circuit 607, a sensing circuit 620, antenna terminals 604-1 and 604-2, antennas 602-1 and 602-2, an envelope extraction circuit 640, and a motion detector 660. The sensing circuit 620 includes a coupler 622, a combiner 623, and a low-noise amplifier (LNA) 625. One or more of the elements in FIG. 36 can be included to detect motion of the person 600. These elements can be configured to transmit data and send or receive commands between or across each other.

[0171] 34, except that the LNA 625 of the sensing circuit 620 is configured to amplify the second incoming signal 612-B. The combiner 623 of the sensing circuit 620 is configured to combine the sensing signal 612-A and the amplified second incoming signal 612-B to obtain the SEM signal 611.

[0172] 36 , the sensing circuit 620 further includes an LNA 625. The LNA 625 is configured to amplify the second incoming signal 612-B. The combiner 623 of the sensing circuit 620 is configured to combine the sensing signal 612-A and the amplified second incoming signal 612-B to obtain the SEM signal 611.

[0173] In some embodiments, the modulated signal of method 300 is a first modulated signal. The signal envelope in method 300 is a first signal envelope. The Doppler shift in method 300 is a first Doppler shift. Method 300 further includes shifting the phase of the second signal, obtaining a second modulated signal by combining the phase-shifted sensing signal and the second incoming signal, extracting a second signal envelope from the second modulated signal that varies with the second Doppler shift, and determining whether object motion is detected according to the first signal envelope and the second signal envelope.

[0174] FIG. 37 illustrates an exemplary circuit using a phase shifter 627 for detecting motion of a person 600 by an SEM on two antenna ports, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 37 , the circuit includes an oscillator 609, a buffer circuit 607, a sensing circuit 620, antenna terminals 604-1 and 604-2, antennas 602-1 and 602-2, and envelope extraction circuits 640-1 and 640-2. The sensing circuit 620 includes a coupler 622, combiners 623-1 and 623-2, and a phase shifter 627. The circuit of FIG. 37 further includes a motion detector (not shown). One or more of the elements of FIG. 37 can be included to detect motion of the person 600. These elements can be configured to transmit data and send or receive commands between or across each other.

[0175] These elements are configured to operate similarly to the corresponding elements shown and described with reference to Figure 34. Combiner 623-1 of sensing circuit 620 is configured as combiner 623 of Figure 34 to combine sensing signal 612-A and second incoming signal 612-B to obtain a first SEM signal. Envelope extraction circuit 640-1 is configured to extract a first signal envelope 613-1 from the first SEM signal. The signal envelope 613-1 varies due to a first Doppler shift from the first reflected wireless signal SR1(f0+fd).

[0176] The phase shifter 627 is configured to shift the phase of the sensing signal 612-A and send the phase-shifted sensing signal 612-A to the combiner 623-2. The combiner 623-2 is configured to combine the phase-shifted sensing signal 612-A and the second incoming signal 612-B to obtain a second SEM signal. The envelope extraction circuit 640-2 is configured to extract a second signal envelope 613-2 from the second SEM signal. The signal envelope 613-2 varies due to a second Doppler shift from the second reflected wireless signal SR2(f0+fd).

[0177] 37 further includes a motion detector configured to determine whether motion of the human 600 is detected according to the first signal envelope 613-1 and the second signal envelope 613-2. If one of the first signal envelope 613-1 and the second signal envelope 613-2 includes a changing envelope, the motion detector is configured to determine that motion of the human 600 is detected.

[0178] As shown in FIG. 37 , the combiner 623-1 is a first combiner. The envelope extraction circuit 640-1 is a first envelope extraction circuit. The SEM signal acquired by the combiner 623-1 is a first modulated signal. The signal envelope 413 is a first signal envelope. The Doppler shift is a first Doppler shift. The sensing circuit 620 includes a phase shifter 627 configured to shift the phase of the sensing signal 612-A. The sensing circuit 620 includes a combiner 623-2 configured to combine the phase-shifted sensing signal 612-A and a second incoming signal 612-B to acquire a second modulated signal. The envelope extraction circuit 640-2 is configured to extract a second signal envelope 613-2, which varies by a second Doppler shift, from the second reflected wireless signal SR2(f0+fd). The motion detector is configured to determine whether motion of the person 600 is detected according to the first and second signal envelopes 613-1 and 613-2.

[0179] In some embodiments, obtaining a modulated signal in method 300 includes combining a transmit signal and a receive signal, where the transmit signal is an input signal of a radio frequency circuit and the output signal of the radio frequency circuit is applied to a first antenna port for transmitting a first wireless signal, and the incoming signal is obtained from a second wireless signal via a second antenna port.

[0180] FIG. 38 illustrates an exemplary circuit using a combiner 623 for detecting motion of a person 600 by an SEM on two antenna ports, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 38 , the circuit includes an oscillator 609, a buffer circuit 607, a sensing circuit 620, antenna terminals 604-1 and 604-2, antennas 602-1 and 602-2, an envelope extraction circuit 640, and a motion detector 660. The sensing circuit 620 includes a combiner 623. One or more of the elements in FIG. 38 can be included to detect motion of the person 600. These elements can be configured to transmit data between or across each other and send or receive commands. These elements are configured to operate similarly to the corresponding elements shown and described with reference to FIG. 6A .

[0181] The transmit chain of Figure 38 is configured to transmit a wireless signal ST(f0) toward a person 600. When the person 600 is moving, the transmitted wireless signal ST(f0) is reflected by the person 600 as a first reflected wireless signal SR1(f0+fd) and a second reflected wireless signal SR2(f0+fd). The first reflected wireless signal SR1(f0+fd) is received by antenna 602-1 and enters the transmit chain as a first incoming signal. The second reflected wireless signal SR2(f0+fd) is received by antenna 602-2 and enters antenna terminal 604-2 as a second incoming signal 612-B.

[0182] The combiner 623 of the sensing circuit 620 is configured to combine the RFIN signal of the transmit chain, i.e., 612-RF, and the second incoming signal 612-B as the SEM signal 611 and send the SEM signal 611 to the envelope extraction circuit 640 via connection 612. The RFIN signal is the transmit signal and the input signal of the driver and power amplifier 606 (i.e., the radio frequency circuit). The output signal of the driver and power amplifier 606 (i.e., the radio frequency circuit) is applied to the antenna terminal 604-1 for the antenna 602-1 to transmit the first wireless signal. The second incoming signal 612-B is obtained from the second reflected wireless signal SR2(f0+fd) received via the antenna 602-2 and antenna terminal 604-2.

[0183] 38, the sensing circuit 620 includes a combiner 623 configured to combine a transmitted signal RFIN (i.e., 612-RF) and a second incoming signal 612-B to obtain an SEM signal 611. The RFIN signal is an input signal of a driver and power amplifier 606 (i.e., a radio frequency circuit). An output signal of the driver and power amplifier 606 (i.e., a radio frequency circuit) is applied to antenna terminal 604-1 and antenna 602-1 for transmitting a first wireless signal ST(f0). The second incoming signal 612-B is obtained from a second reflected wireless signal SR2(f0+fd) received via antenna 602-2 and antenna terminal 604-2.

[0184] In some embodiments, the method 300 further includes amplifying the incoming signal. Combining the transmitted signal and the received signal includes combining the transmitted signal and the amplified incoming signal to obtain a modulated signal.

[0185] FIG. 39 illustrates an exemplary circuit using an amplifier 625 and a combiner 623 for detecting motion of a person 600 by a SEM on two antenna ports, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 39 , the circuit includes an oscillator 609, a buffer circuit 607, a sensing circuit 620, antenna terminals 604-1 and 604-2, antennas 602-1 and 602-2, an envelope extraction circuit 640, and a motion detector 660. The sensing circuit 620 includes a low-noise amplifier 625 and a combiner 623. One or more of the elements in FIG. 39 can be included to detect motion of the person 600. These elements can be configured to transmit data and send or receive commands between or across each other.

[0186] 38, except that the LNA 625 of the sensing circuit 620 is configured to amplify the second incoming signal 612-B. The combiner 623 of the sensing circuit 620 is configured to combine the transmit signal RF IN (i.e., 612-RF) and the amplified second incoming signal 612-B to obtain the SEM signal 611.

[0187] 39, the sensing circuit 620 further includes an LNA 625. The LNA 625 is configured to amplify the second incoming signal 612-B. The combiner 623 of the sensing circuit 620 is configured to combine the transmit signal RF IN (i.e., 612-RF) and the amplified second incoming signal 612-B to obtain the SEM signal 611.

[0188] In some embodiments, the modulated signal of method 300 is a first modulated signal. The signal envelope in method 300 is a first incoming signal. The Doppler shift in method 300 is a first Doppler shift. Method 300 further includes obtaining a second modulated signal by combining a source signal and an incoming signal, where the source signal is obtained from an oscillator; extracting a second signal envelope from the second modulated signal, the second signal envelope varying by the second Doppler shift; and determining whether object motion is detected according to the first signal envelope and the second signal envelope. The transmitted signal is an in-phase signal. The source signal is a quadrature signal.

[0189] FIG. 40 illustrates an exemplary circuit for detecting motion of a human 600 using two SEM signals, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As illustrated in FIG. 40 , the circuit includes an oscillator 609 including an in-phase signal and a quadrature signal, a buffer circuit 607, a sensing circuit 620, antenna terminals 604-1 and 604-2, antennas 602-1 and 602-2, and envelope extraction circuits 640-1 and 640-2. The sensing circuit 620 includes combiners 623-1 and 623-2. The circuit of FIG. 40 further includes a motion detector (not shown). One or more of the elements of FIG. 40 can be included to detect motion of the human 600. These elements can be configured to transmit data between or across each other and send or receive commands. These elements are configured to operate similarly to the corresponding elements illustrated and described with reference to FIG. 38 .

[0190] 38, combiner 623-1 of sensing circuit 620 is configured to combine sensing signal 612-A and second incoming signal 612-B to obtain a first SEM signal. Envelope extraction circuit 640-1 is configured to extract a first signal envelope 613-1 from the first SEM signal. The signal envelope 613-1 varies due to a first Doppler shift from the first reflected wireless signal SR1(f0 +fd).

[0191] The combiner 623-2 is configured to combine the source signal 612-Q and the second incoming signal 612-B to obtain a second SEM signal. The envelope extraction circuit 640-2 is configured to extract a second signal envelope 613-2 from the second SEM signal. The signal envelope 613-2 varies due to a second Doppler shift from the second reflected wireless signal SR2(f0+fd).

[0192] 40 is configured to determine whether motion of the person 600 is detected according to the first signal envelope 613-1 and the second signal envelope 613-2. If one of the first signal envelope 613-1 and the second signal envelope 613-3 includes a changing envelope, the motion detector is configured to determine that motion of the person 600 is detected.

[0193] 40, the transmit signal RFIN (i.e., 612-RF) is an in-phase signal from oscillator 609. The source signal 612-Q is a quadrature signal from oscillator 609.

[0194] As shown in FIG. 40, the coupler 623-1 is a first combiner. The envelope extraction circuit is a first envelope extraction circuit. The SEM signal on 612-1 is a first modulated signal. The signal envelope 413 is a first signal envelope. The Doppler shift is a first Doppler shift. The sensing circuit 620 includes a combiner 623-2 configured to combine the source signal 612-Q and the incoming signal 612-B to obtain a second SEM signal on 612-2. The second envelope extraction circuit 640-2 is configured to extract a second signal envelope from the second modulated signal, the second signal envelope varying by the second Doppler shift. The motion detector is configured to determine whether motion of the person 600 is detected according to the first signal envelope 613-1 and the second signal envelope 613-2.

[0195] The transmit signal 612-RF is an in-phase signal from the oscillator 609. The source signal 612-Q is a quadrature signal from the oscillator 609.

[0196] In some embodiments, the modulated signal of method 300 is a first modulated signal. The signal envelope of method 300 is a first signal envelope. The Doppler shift of method 300 is a first Doppler shift. Method 300 further includes shifting a phase of the transmitted signal, obtaining a second modulated signal by combining the phase-shifted transmitted signal and the incoming signal, extracting a second signal envelope from the second modulated signal that varies by the second Doppler shift, and determining whether object motion is detected according to the first signal envelope and the second signal envelope.

[0197] FIG. 41 illustrates an exemplary circuit using a phase shifter 627 for detecting motion of a human 600 using two SEM signals, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 41 , the circuit includes an oscillator 609, a buffer circuit 607, a sensing circuit 620, antenna terminals 604-1 and 604-2, antennas 602-1 and 602-2, and envelope extraction circuits 640-1 and 640-2. The sensing circuit 620 includes combiners 623-1 and 623-2 and a phase shifter 627. The circuit of FIG. 41 includes a motion detector, not shown. One or more of the elements of FIG. 41 can be included to detect motion of the human 600. These elements can be configured to transmit data and send or receive commands between or across each other.

[0198] These elements are configured to operate as shown and described in Figure 40, except that the phase shifter 627 is configured to shift the phase of the transmit signal 612-RF. The combiner 623-2 is configured to combine the phase-shifted transmit signal 612-RF and the second incoming signal 612-B to obtain a second SEM signal.

[0199] As shown in FIG. 41 , combiner 623-1 is a first combiner. The envelope extraction circuit is a first envelope extraction circuit. The SEM signal on 612-1 is a first modulated signal. The signal envelope 413 is a first signal envelope. The Doppler shift is a first Doppler shift. The sensing circuit 620 includes a phase shifter 627 configured to shift the phase of the transmit signal 612-RF. The sensing circuit 620 further includes a combiner 623-2 configured to combine the phase-shifted transmit signal 612-RF and the incoming signal 612-B. The envelope extraction circuit 640-2 is configured to extract a second signal envelope 613-2, which varies by a second Doppler shift, from the SEM modulated signal on 612-2. The motion detector is configured to determine whether motion of the person 600 is detected according to the first signal envelope 613-1 and the second signal envelope 613-2.

[0200] In some embodiments, the modulated signal of method 300 is a first modulated signal. The Doppler shift of method 300 is a first Doppler shift. The signal envelope of method 300 is a first signal envelope. Method 300 further includes extracting a second signal envelope from the sensed signal, the second signal envelope varying by a second Doppler shift, and determining whether object motion is detected according to the first signal envelope and the second signal envelope. In some embodiments, the first incoming signal is received via a first antenna port and the second incoming signal is received via a second antenna port.

[0201] FIG. 42 illustrates an exemplary circuit using a coupler 622 for detecting motion of a person 600 using two SEM signals, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 42 , the circuit includes an oscillator 609, a buffer circuit 607, a sensing circuit 620, antenna terminals 604-1 and 604-2, antennas 602-1 and 602-2, and envelope extraction circuits 640-1 and 640-2. The sensing circuit 620 includes a coupler 622 and a combiner 623. The circuit of FIG. 42 includes a motion detector, which is not shown therein. One or more of the elements of FIG. 42 can be included to detect motion of the person 600. These elements can be configured to transmit data and send or receive commands between or across each other.

[0202] These elements are configured to operate similarly to the corresponding elements shown and described with reference to Figure 34. The envelope extraction circuit 640-1 is configured to extract the first signal envelope 613-1. Additionally, the envelope extraction circuit 640-2 is configured to extract the second signal envelope 613-2 from the second SEM signal 612-A.

[0203] The first incoming signal is received via antenna terminal 604-1, which is a transmit port, and the second incoming signal is received via antenna terminal 604-2, which is a receive port.

[0204] As shown in Figure 42, the envelope extraction circuit 640-1 is a first envelope extraction circuit. The SEM signal on connection 612-1 is a first modulated signal. The Doppler shift in the first modulated signal is a first Doppler shift. The signal envelope 413 is a signal envelope. The envelope extraction circuit 640-2 is configured to extract a second signal envelope 613-2, which varies by a second Doppler shift, from the sensing signal 612-A. The motion detector is configured to determine whether motion of the person 600 is detected according to the first signal envelope 613-1 and the second signal envelope 613-2.

[0205] The first incoming signal is received via antenna terminal 604-1, which is a transmit port, and the second incoming signal is received via antenna terminal 604-2, which is a receive port.

[0206] In some embodiments, the method 300 further includes determining a phase difference between the first signal envelope and the second signal envelope, and determining a direction of the object based on the phase difference.

[0207] 43 illustrates an exemplary method for detecting the direction of an object by two SEM signals, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 43, antenna 602-1 and antenna 602-2 are separated by a distance d. Wireless signals arrive at antennas 602-1 and 602-2, where the signals arriving at antenna 602-1 and antenna 602-2 have a phase difference ΔΦ. The angle θ between a direction of antennas 602-1 and 602-2 and the position of person 600 is expressed as

[0208]

number

[0209] 42, antenna 602-1 is configured to transmit a first wireless signal ST(f0) toward person 600. When person 600 is moving, the transmitted wireless signal ST(f0) is reflected by person 600 as a first reflected wireless signal SR1(f0+fd) and a second reflected wireless signal SR2(f0+fd). The first reflected wireless signal SR1(f0+fd) is received by antenna 602-1 and enters the transmit chain as a first incoming signal. The second reflected wireless signal SR2(f0+fd) is received by antenna 602-2 and enters antenna terminal 604-2 as a second incoming signal 612-B.

[0210] Because the first reflected wireless signal SR1(f0+fd) and the second reflected wireless signal SR2(f0+fd) are both reflected signals of the transmitted wireless signal ST(f0), the first reflected wireless signal SR1(f0+fd) and the second reflected wireless signal SR2(f0+fd) are considered to be the same signal from a single source, i.e., the human 600 or the antenna 602-1. Therefore, a phase difference ΔΦ exists between the first reflected wireless signal SR1(f0+fd) and the second reflected wireless signal SR2(f0+fd). A phase difference ΔΦ also exists between the first incoming signal sensed as the sensing signal 612-A and the second incoming signal 612-B. When the first incoming signal and the second incoming signal 612-B are sensed and combined into two SEM signals, a phase difference ΔΦ also exists between the two SEM signals. When extracting the signal envelopes 613-1 and 613-2, there is also a phase difference ΔΦ between the signal envelopes 613-1 and 613-2. Therefore, the Doppler shift detector can be configured to determine the phase difference ΔΦ between the signal envelopes 613-1 and 613-2. The Doppler shift detector can be further configured to determine the direction of the person 600 based on the determined phase difference ΔΦ and the directions of the antennas 602-1 and 602-2, as shown in FIG.

[0211] 42 and 43, the motion detector or Doppler shift detector can be configured to determine the phase difference ΔΦ between the signal envelopes 613-1 and 613-2. The motion detector or Doppler shift detector can also be configured to determine the direction of the person based on the orientation of the antennas 602-1 and 602-2 and the phase difference ΔΦ, as shown in FIG.

[0212] In some embodiments, the modulated signal of method 300 is a first modulated signal. The Doppler shift of method 300 is a first Doppler shift. The signal envelope of method 300 is a first signal envelope. Method 300 further includes combining the sensing signal and a third incoming signal to obtain a second modulated signal, the third incoming signal being obtained from a fourth wireless signal, the fourth wireless signal being a third reflection of the first wireless signal from an object; extracting a second signal envelope from the second modulated signal, the second signal envelope varying by the second Doppler shift; and determining whether motion of the object is detected according to the first signal envelope and the second signal envelope. In some embodiments, the first incoming signal is received via a first antenna port. The second incoming signal is received via a second antenna port. The third incoming signal is received via a third antenna port.

[0213] FIG. 44 illustrates an exemplary circuit using a coupler 622 for detecting motion of a person 600 using two SEM signals, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 44 , the circuit includes an oscillator 609, a buffer circuit 607, a sensing circuit 620, antenna terminals 604-1, 604-2, and 604-3, antennas 602-1, 602-2, and 602-3, and envelope extraction circuits 640-1 and 640-2. The sensing circuit 620 includes a coupler 622 and combiners 623-1 and 623-2. The circuit of FIG. 44 includes a motion detector, which is not shown. One or more of the elements of FIG. 44 can be included to detect motion of the person 600. These elements can be configured to transmit data and send or receive commands between or across each other.

[0214] These elements are configured to operate similarly to the corresponding elements shown and described with reference to Figure 42. Combiner 623-1, as coupler 623 in Figure 42, is configured to combine sensing signal 612-A with second incoming signal 612-B to obtain a first SEM signal for envelope extraction circuit 640-1 to extract signal envelope 613-1.

[0215] The antenna 602-3 is configured to receive a third reflected wireless signal SR3(f0+fd) from the person 600 based on the transmitted wireless signal ST(f0). The third reflected wireless signal SR3(f0+fd) is transmitted as a third incoming signal 612-C to the coupler 623-2 via the antenna terminal 604-3. The coupler 623-2 of the sensing circuit 620 is configured to combine the sensing signal 612-A and the third incoming signal 612-C to obtain a second SEM signal on connection 612-2. The envelope extraction circuit 640-2 is configured to extract a second signal envelope 613-2 from the second SEM signal on connection 612-2. The motion detector is configured to determine whether motion of the person 600 is detected according to the first signal envelope 613-1 and the second signal envelope 613-2.

[0216] The third incoming signal 612-3 is obtained from a third reflected wireless signal SR3(f0+fd), which is a third reflected signal of the transmitted wireless signal ST(f0) from the person 600. The third reflected wireless signal SR3(f0+fd) includes a third Doppler shift fd that changes the second envelope 613-2. The third Doppler shift fd can be the same Doppler shift as the first Doppler shift fd in the first reflected wireless signal SR1(f0+fd) and / or the second Doppler shift in the second reflected wireless signal SR2(f0+fd). The third Doppler shift fd can also be different from the first Doppler shift fd in the first reflected wireless signal SR1(f0+fd) and / or the second Doppler shift in the second reflected wireless signal SR2(f0+fd).

[0217] Furthermore, the first incoming signal is received via antenna terminal 604-1, which is a transmit port. The second incoming signal 612-B is received via antenna terminal 604-3, which is a first receive port. The third incoming signal 612-C is received via antenna terminal 604-3, which is a second receive port.

[0218] As shown in FIG. 44, envelope extraction circuit 640-1 is a first envelope extraction circuit. The SEM signal on connection 612-1 is a first modulated signal. The Doppler shift in the first incoming signal via antenna terminal 604-1 is a first Doppler shift. Signal envelope 613-1 is a first signal envelope. Combiner 623-2 is configured to combine sensing signal 612-A and third incoming signal 612-C to obtain a second SEM signal. Third incoming signal 612-C is obtained from third reflected wireless signal SR3(f0+fd), which is a third reflected signal of transmitted wireless signal ST(f0) from human 600. Envelope extraction circuit 640-2 is configured to extract second signal envelope 613-2, which varies by a third Doppler shift, from the second SEM signal on connection 612-2. The detection circuit is configured to determine whether motion of the person 600 is detected according to the first signal envelope 613-1 and the second signal envelope 613-2.

[0219] In some embodiments, the method 300 further includes determining a phase difference between the first signal envelope and the second signal envelope, and determining a direction of the object based on the phase difference.

[0220] For example, as shown in Figure 44, antennas 602-2 and 602-3 can be antennas 1 and 2 in Figure 43. Because the second reflected wireless signal SR1(f0+fd) via antenna 602-2 and the third reflected wireless signal SR2(f0+fd) via antenna 602-3 are both reflected signals of the transmitted wireless signal ST(f0), the motion detector can be configured to determine a phase difference between signal envelope 613-1 and signal envelope 613-2 and can determine the direction of person 600 based on the phase difference according to the methods shown in Figures 42 and 43.

[0221] 43 and 44, the detection circuit can be further configured to determine a phase difference between the first signal envelope 613-1 and the second signal envelope 613-2, and can determine the direction of the person 600 based on the phase difference. The first signal envelope 613-1 and the second signal envelope 613-2 are extracted from two SEM signals obtained by two incoming signals received via two antenna terminals 604-2 and 604-3. The two antenna terminals 604-2 and 604-3 are different from the antenna terminal 604-1 used to transmit the wireless signal ST(f0).

[0222] In some embodiments, the motion of the object of method 300 includes one or more gestures. Method 300 further includes determining whether one of the plurality of gestures is detected according to the signal envelope.

[0223] FIG. 45 illustrates an exemplary circuit for detecting a gesture 700 by SEM, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 45, the circuit includes a wireless device 708, an antenna terminal 704, an antenna 702, a coupling circuit 722, and an envelope extraction circuit 740. The wireless device 708 includes a transceiver 708-1. The envelope extraction circuit 740 includes a power detection circuit 742 and a self-triggered sample-and-hold circuit 744. The circuit of FIG. 45 includes a motion detector, which is not shown therein.

[0224] As shown in FIG. 45, the transceiver 708-1 of the wireless device 708 is configured to transmit a TXOUT signal to the antenna terminal 704 for the antenna 702 to transmit a wireless signal toward the gesture 700. The TXOUT signal can be a packet-based signal 715, such as a packet-based Bluetooth® signal. Due to the movement of the gesture 700, a reflected wireless signal from the gesture 700 includes a Doppler shift fd, as shown in FIG. 1. The antenna 702 is configured to receive the reflected wireless signal as an incoming signal to the antenna terminal 704 and a coupling circuit 722. The coupling circuit 722, a sensing circuit, is configured to couple the transmitted signal TXOUT to the incoming signal as the SEM signal 711 on connection 712. The envelope extraction circuit 740 is configured to extract a signal envelope 733 from the SEM signal 711. The motion detector is configured to determine whether one of a plurality of gestures is detected according to the signal envelope 733.

[0225] For example, if signal envelope 733 includes a varying envelope, as shown and described in connection with FIG. 10 , the motion detector is configured to determine that one of the multiple gestures is detected according to signal envelope 733. If signal envelope 733 includes different varying envelopes, signal envelope 733 includes different envelopes. The motion detector is configured to determine whether one of the multiple gestures is detected according to signal envelope 733. If signal envelope 733 includes a constant envelope, the motion detector is configured to determine that none of the multiple gestures is detected according to signal envelope 733.

[0226] 45, the motion 700 can be one or more of a plurality of gestures. The detection circuitry is configured to determine whether one of the plurality of gestures is detected according to the signal envelope 733.

[0227] In some embodiments, extracting the signal envelope in step 330 includes detecting the power of the signal envelope to obtain a pulsed signal, and sampling and holding the pulsed signal to obtain the signal envelope, and in some embodiments, method 300 includes triggering the sample and hold.

[0228] 46 illustrates a block diagram of an example envelope extraction circuit 740 for detecting a gesture 700 by SEM, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 46, the envelope extraction circuit 740 includes a power detection circuit 742 and a self-triggering sample-and-hold circuit 744. The power detection circuit 742 includes a diode 742-1 and a capacitor 742-2, coupled together as shown. The self-triggering sample-and-hold circuit 744 includes a comparator 744-1 and a sample-and-hold circuit 744-2, coupled together as shown.

[0229] When power detect circuit 742 receives SEM signal 711 on connection 712, power detect circuit 742 is configured to detect the power of the envelope of SEM signal 711 to obtain pulse signal 731, as shown in Figure 45. Power detect circuit 742 is configured to send pulse signal 731 to self-triggering sample and hold circuit 744. Self-triggering sample and hold circuit 744 is configured to sample and hold pulse signal 731 to obtain signal envelope 733.

[0230] When the power detection circuit 742 sends a pulse signal 731 to the self-triggering sample and hold circuit 744, the pulse signal 731 itself triggers the self-triggering sample and hold circuit 744, which samples and holds the pulse signal 731 to obtain the signal envelope 733. For example, if the pulse signal 731 has a signal level higher than the threshold VTH of the comparator 744-1, the pulse signal 731 triggers the sample and hold circuit 744-2 to sample and hold the pulse signal 731 and the output to VOUT as the signal envelope 733.

[0231] 45 and 46, the envelope extraction circuit 740 is configured to extract a signal envelope 733 that varies with the Doppler shift from the SEM signal 711. The envelope extraction circuit 740 is configured to detect the power of the envelope of the SEM signal to obtain a pulse signal 731 by a power detection circuit 742. The envelope extraction circuit 740 is further configured to sample and hold the pulse signal 731 to obtain the signal envelope 733. The envelope extraction circuit 740 is configured to trigger the sample and hold by the pulse signal 731.

[0232] In some embodiments, the signal envelope of method 300 includes a change pattern. Determining whether one of the plurality of gestures is detected includes determining whether one of the one or more gestures is detected according to the change pattern.

[0233] In some embodiments, the signal envelope of method 300 includes at least one of a first change pattern or a second change pattern. The method 300 steps of determining whether one of the plurality of gestures is detected include determining whether a first gesture of the one or more gestures is detected according to the first change pattern and determining whether a second gesture of the one or more gestures is detected according to the second change pattern.

[0234] 47A, 47B, and 47C illustrate example gestures and example SEM signals according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 47A illustrates gesture G0 in front of Bluetooth® earphone 708-BTEP. Gesture G0 is a gesture of no movement. The signal envelope received at Bluetooth® earphone 708-BTEP according to the method illustrated in FIG. 45 may be a constant envelope, as illustrated in FIG. 47A, representing "no action."

[0235] 47B shows gesture G1 in front of Bluetooth® earphone 708-BTEP. Gesture G1 is a swipe-down gesture. The signal envelope received by Bluetooth® earphone 708-BTEP according to the method shown in FIG. 45 may have a first change pattern PT1 as shown in FIG. 47B, which represents "turn down the volume by one step."

[0236] 47C shows gesture G2 in front of Bluetooth® earphone 708-BTEP. Gesture G2 is a swipe-up gesture. The signal envelope received by Bluetooth® earphone 708-BTEP according to the method shown in FIG. 45 may have a second change pattern PT2 as shown in FIG. 47C, which represents "increase volume by one step."

[0237] 45 to 47, the signal envelope 733 includes a first change pattern PT1 and a second change pattern PT2. The motion detector may be configured to determine whether a gesture G1 is detected according to the first change pattern PT1 and to determine whether a gesture G2 is detected according to the second change pattern PT2.

[0238] Alternatively, the signal envelope 733 may include at least one of the first change pattern PT1 or the second pattern PT2. The motion detector may be configured to determine whether the gesture G1 is detected according to the first change pattern PT1 and to determine whether the gesture G2 is detected according to the second change pattern PT2.

[0239] In some embodiments, the method 300 further includes determining the number of times the gesture is detected to have occurred according to the signal envelope.

[0240] 48A, 48B, and 48C show example gestures and example SEM signals according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 48A shows three gestures G1 in front of Bluetooth® earphone 708-BTEP. Gesture G1 is a swipe-down gesture. A signal envelope received at Bluetooth® earphone 708-BTEP according to the method shown in FIG. 45 may have three first change patterns PT1-1, PT1-2, and PT1-3 as shown in FIG. 48A, which represents "turn down the volume by three steps."

[0241] Figure 48B shows three gestures G2 in front of Bluetooth® earphone 708-BTEP. Gesture G2 is a swipe-up gesture. The signal envelope received by Bluetooth® earphone 708-BTEP according to the method shown in Figure 45 may be an envelope having three second change patterns PT2-1, PT2-2, and PT2-3 as shown in Figure 48B, which represents "increase volume by three steps."

[0242] Figure 48C shows three gestures G3 in front of Bluetooth® earphone 708-BTEP. Gesture G3 is a swipe-around gesture. The signal envelope received by Bluetooth® earphone 708-BTEP according to the method shown in Figure 45 may have three third change patterns PT3-1, PT3-2, and PT3-3 as shown in Figure 48C, which represent "next song."

[0243] 45-48, the motion detection circuitry can be configured to determine the number of times that gesture G1, G2, or G3 is detected to have occurred according to the signal envelope 733. For example, the motion detection circuitry can be configured to determine that gesture G1 has occurred three times according to the signal envelope 733 having first change patterns PT1-1, PT1-2, and PT1-3. Alternatively, the motion detection circuitry can be configured to determine that gesture G2 has occurred two times according to the signal envelope 733 having second change patterns PT2-1 and PT2-2.

[0244] FIG. 49 illustrates an exemplary scenario for determining the location of a person 800 by SEM, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As illustrated in FIG. 49, a Wi-Fi access point (AP) 820 is configured to detect the location of a person 800. The Wi-Fi AP 820 includes antennas 821-1 and 821-2, a power amplifier 822, a combiner 823, SEMI-1 880-1, SEMI-n 880-n, an angle detection circuit 860, and other similar components. For example, the Wi-Fi AP 820 may include n power amplifiers, n sensing circuits, and n SEMIs, each connected to n antennas. All results of the SEMIs are sent to the angle detection circuit 860 to determine the location of the person 800.

[0245] As shown in FIG. 49, a Wi-Fi AP 820 is configured to transmit a wireless signal 801 toward a person 800. The wireless signal 801 is reflected from the person 800 as reflected wireless signals 802 and 803, reaching antennas 821-1 and 821-2, respectively. When the person 800 is moving, the reflected wireless signals 802 and 803 include a Doppler shift. The Doppler shift is due to changes in the SEM signals sensed via antennas 821-1 and 821-2. SEMI-1 880-1, SEMI-n 880-n, and other SEMIs of the Wi-Fi AP 820 are configured to extract the changing signal envelope from the SEM signal, as described in the method of this disclosure. Angle detection circuit 860 is configured to detect an angle θ based on the phase difference between the reflected wireless signals 802 and 803 or the two signal envelopes reaching antennas 821-1 and 821-2, as shown in FIG. 43. The Wi-Fi AP 820 is configured to determine the direction of the person 800 relative to the location of the Wi-Fi AP 820 according to the two signal envelopes.

[0246] 50 illustrates an exemplary method 810 for determining the position of a human 800 by SEM according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. A motion detector, Doppler shift detector, and / or angle detection circuit 860 in the present disclosure may be configured to perform the method 810. The method 810 includes the steps of: acquiring a first modulated signal and a second modulated signal for a first signal and a second signal, respectively, the first signal and the second signal including a first Doppler shift and a second Doppler shift, respectively, due to motion of an object (step 811); extracting a first signal envelope from the first modulated signal that varies with the first Doppler shift and a second signal envelope from the second modulated signal that varies with the second Doppler shift (step 812); and determining a direction of the object relative to a reference position according to the first signal envelope and the second signal envelope (step 813).

[0247] Step 811 includes acquiring first and second modulated signals for the first and second signals, respectively, including first and second Doppler shifts due to the motion of the object. For example, as shown in FIG. 49 , the sensing circuit of the Wi-Fi AP 820 is configured to acquire first and second SEM signals for the first and second incoming signals, respectively, via antennas 821-1 and 821-2. The first and second incoming signals are acquired from reflected wireless signals 802 and 803, respectively, received via antennas 821-1 and 821-2. The reflected wireless signal 802 includes a first Doppler shift due to the motion of the person 800, and the reflected wireless signal 803 includes a second Doppler shift due to the motion of the person 800. Thus, the first SEM signal includes a first Doppler shift due to the motion of the person 800, and the second SEM signal includes a second Doppler shift due to the motion of the person 800. Reflected wireless signals 802 and 803 are two reflections of wireless signal 801 from an object.

[0248] Step 812 includes extracting a first signal envelope from the first modulated signal that varies with the first Doppler shift and a second signal envelope from the second modulated signal that varies with the second Doppler shift. For example, as shown in Figure 49, the envelope extraction circuits in SEMI-1 and SEMI-n of the Wi-Fi AP 820 are configured to extract a first signal envelope from the first SEM signal that varies with the first Doppler shift and a second signal envelope from the second SEM signal that varies with the second Doppler shift, respectively.

[0249] Step 813 includes determining a direction of the object relative to a reference position according to the first signal envelope and the second signal envelope. For example, as shown in Figure 49, the angle detection circuit 860 of the Wi-Fi AP 820 is configured to determine a direction of the person 800 relative to the position of the Wi-Fi AP 820 according to the first signal envelope and the second signal envelope.

[0250] 49 , a Wi-Fi AP 820 may be configured to perform the method 800. A sensing circuit, e.g., a combiner 823, of the Wi-Fi AP 820 is configured to obtain a first SEM signal for a first incoming signal and a second SEM signal for a second incoming signal received via antennas 821-1 and 821-2, respectively. The first incoming signal is obtained from a reflected wireless signal 802 received via antenna 821-1, and the second incoming signal is obtained from a reflected wireless signal 803 received via antenna 821-2. The reflected wireless signal 802 includes a first Doppler shift due to the motion of the person 800, and the reflected wireless signal 803 includes a second Doppler shift due to the motion of the person 800. Thus, the first SEM signal includes a first Doppler shift due to the motion of the person 800, and the second SEM signal includes a second Doppler shift due to the motion of the person 800. Reflected wireless signals 802 and 803 are two reflections of wireless signal 801 from an object.

[0251] Furthermore, the SEMI envelope extraction circuit in the Wi-Fi AP 820 is configured to extract a first signal envelope from the first modulated signal, the first signal envelope varying with the first Doppler shift, and a second signal envelope from the second modulated signal, the second signal envelope varying with the second Doppler shift. The angle detection circuit 860 can be configured to determine a direction of the person 800 relative to the position of the Wi-Fi AP 820 according to the first signal envelope and the second signal envelope.

[0252] In some embodiments, determining the direction of the object in step 813 includes determining an angle of the object relative to a reference position according to the first signal envelope and the second signal envelope. For example, as shown in Figure 49, the angle detection circuit 860 is configured to determine an angle θ of the person 800 relative to the position of the Wi-Fi AP 820 according to the first signal envelope and the second signal envelope. According to the angle θ and the directions of the antennas 821-1 and 821-2, the angle detection circuit 860 is configured to determine the direction of the person 800.

[0253] In some embodiments, determining the angle of the object in step 813 includes determining a phase difference between the first signal envelope and the second signal envelope, and determining the angle of the object relative to a reference position according to the phase difference. For example, as shown in Figure 49, the angle detection circuit 860 is configured to determine a phase difference between the first signal envelope and the second signal envelope, and determine an angle θ of the person 800 relative to the position of the Wi-Fi AP 820 according to the phase difference.

[0254] In some embodiments, the method 810 further includes determining the presence of an object according to at least one of the first signal envelope or the second signal envelope. For example, the angle detection circuit 860 can be configured to determine the presence of a person 800 according to at least one of the first signal envelope or the second signal envelope. If one of the first signal envelope and the second signal envelope includes a changing envelope, the angle detection circuit 860 can be configured to determine the presence of a person 800, or at least to determine an object moving in the determined direction.

[0255] FIG. 51 illustrates an exemplary positioning system using multiple SEM signals, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As illustrated in FIG. 51 , the positioning system includes Wi-Fi APs 920, 940, and 960 for locating a person 900, and a cloud server 980. The Wi-Fi AP 920 includes antennas 921-1 and 921-2 and a SEMI-1 928. The Wi-Fi AP 940 includes antennas 941-1 and 941-2 and a SEMI-2 948. The Wi-Fi AP 960 includes antennas 961-1 and 961-2 and a SEMI-n 968. The cloud server 980 includes one or more processors and memories. The cloud server 980 includes information regarding the locations of the Wi-Fi APs 920, 940, and 960.

[0256] The positioning system for determining the position of the person 900 is configured to perform the following operations: The Wi-Fi AP 920 is configured to perform the operations of the method 810 as described in Figures 49 and 50, and to determine a first direction of the person 900 relative to the position of the Wi-Fi AP 920 according to the first signal envelope and the second signal envelope, i.e., envelope information 1 shown in Figure 51. The Wi-Fi AP 920 is configured to send the first direction to the cloud server 980.

[0257] The Wi-Fi AP 940 is configured to perform the operations of the method 810 as described in Figures 49 and 50, and determine a second direction of the person 900 relative to the location of the Wi-Fi AP 940 according to the third signal envelope and the fourth signal envelope, i.e., envelope information 2 shown in Figure 51. The Wi-Fi AP 940 is configured to send the second direction to the cloud server 980.

[0258] The cloud server 980 is configured to determine the position of the person 900 based on the first direction and the second direction and the positions of the Wi-Fi APs 920 and 940. For example, the cloud server 980 is configured to determine the position of the person 900 as the intersection of two lines of sight extending from the positions of the Wi-Fi APs 920 and 940, respectively, according to the first direction and the second direction.

[0259] 52 illustrates an exemplary method 910 for locating an object using multiple SEM signals, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. The Wi-Fi APs and cloud servers in FIG. 51 and other figures may be configured to perform the method 910. The method 910 includes steps of detecting a first direction of the object relative to a first reference position according to a first signal envelope and a second signal envelope (step 911), determining a second direction of the object relative to a second reference position according to a third signal envelope and a fourth signal envelope (step 912), and determining a position of the object according to the first direction and the second direction relative to the first reference position and the second reference position, respectively (step 913). Includes.

[0260] Step 911 includes determining a first direction of the object relative to a first reference position according to the first signal envelope and the second signal envelope. For example, as shown in Figure 51, a Wi-Fi AP 920 is configured to perform the operations of method 810 and determine a first direction of a person 900 relative to a position of the Wi-Fi AP 920 according to the first signal envelope and the second signal envelope, i.e., envelope information 1 shown in Figure 51.

[0261] Step 912 includes detecting a second direction of the object relative to a second reference position according to the third and fourth signal envelopes. For example, as shown in FIG. 51 , the Wi-Fi AP 940 is configured to perform the operations of method 810 to determine a second direction of the person 900 relative to the position of the Wi-Fi AP 940 according to the third and fourth signal envelopes, i.e., envelope information 2 shown in FIG. 51 .

[0262] Step 913 is a step of determining the position of the object according to a first angle and a second angle relative to a first reference position and a second reference position, respectively; for example, as shown in FIG. 51, the cloud server 980 is configured to determine the position of the person 900 based on the first direction and the second direction and the positions of the Wi-Fi APs 920 and 940.

[0263] In some embodiments, method 910 further includes detecting a fifth signal envelope and a third orientation of the object relative to a third reference position according to the fifth signal envelope. Determining the position of the object in step 913 includes determining the position of the object according to a first angle, a second angle, and a third angle relative to the first reference position, the second reference position, and the third reference position, respectively.

[0264] For example, as shown in Figure 51, the Wi-Fi AP 960 is configured to perform the operations of method 810 and determine a third direction of the person 900 relative to the location of the Wi-Fi AP 960 according to the fifth signal envelope and the sixth signal envelope, i.e., envelope information 3 shown in Figure 51. The Wi-Fi AP 960 is configured to send the second direction to the cloud server 980.

[0265] The cloud server 980 is configured to determine the position of the person 900 based on the first direction, the second direction, and the third direction and the positions of the Wi-Fi APs 920, 940, and 960. For example, the cloud server 980 is configured to determine the position of the person 900 as an intersection or triangular area of three lines of sight extending from the positions of the Wi-Fi APs 920, 940, and 960, respectively, according to the first direction, the second direction, and the third direction.

[0266] The Wi-Fi APs 920, 940, and 960 determine a first direction, a second direction, and a third direction. The Wi-Fi APs 920, 940, and 960 also determine a first angle, a second angle, and a third angle of the person 900 relative to the positions of the Wi-Fi APs 920, 940, and 960.

[0267] In some embodiments, the method 910 further includes determining a second reference position by a wireless positioning operation.

[0268] Figure 53 illustrates an exemplary positioning system using multiple SEM signals and a WiFi positioning system, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 53, the positioning system includes a Wi-Fi AP 920, WiFi clients 930 and 950, and a cloud server 980 for locating a person 900. The Wi-Fi AP 920 includes antennas 921-1 and 921-2 and a SEMI-1 928. The Wi-Fi client 930 may include two antenna ports and a SEMI-2 938. The Wi-Fi client 950 may include two antenna ports and a SEMI-n 958. The cloud server 980 includes one or more processors and memories.

[0269] The positioning system of Figure 53 is configured to perform operations similar to the positioning system of Figure 51, except that the locations of the Wi-Fi clients 930 and 950 are determined through wireless positioning operations. For example, the cloud server 980 is configured to determine the locations of the Wi-Fi clients 930 and 950 through Wi-Fi positioning system (WPS) operations. The WPS operations are configured to utilize characteristics of nearby Wi-Fi hotspots and other wireless access points to discover where the Wi-Fi clients 930 and 950 are located.

[0270] After the cloud server 980 obtains the locations of the Wi-Fi clients 930 and 950, the cloud server 980, the Wi-Fi AP 920, and the Wi-Fi clients 930 and 950 are configured to operate like the cloud server 980 and the Wi-Fi APs 920, 940, and 960 in FIG. 51 to determine the location of the person 900 by SEM. This is useful for locating the person 900 when the cloud server 980 does not know the locations of the Wi-Fi clients 930 and 950. For example, when the Wi-Fi APs 940 and 960 are unavailable, the cloud server 980 can determine the locations of the Wi-Fi clients 930 and 950 and also determine the location of the person 900 based on the locations of the Wi-Fi clients 930 and 950.

[0271] As shown in FIG. 53, the cloud server 980 is configured to determine the location of the WiFi client 830 through WPS operations.

[0272] In some embodiments, the method 910 further includes performing an action associated with the location of the object. For example, as shown in Figure 53, the cloud server 980 is configured to determine the location of the person 900 in the room. The cloud server 980 is configured to collect information associated with the room, such as available appliances and their on / off status.

[0273] In some embodiments, the object in method 910 is a human. The action associated with the location of the object includes at least one of turning on a light, determining a space occupied by the object, or providing guide information to the human.

[0274] For example, the cloud server 980 in Figure 53 is configured to determine the location of the person 900 in a room. The cloud server 980 can be configured to turn on the lights or the air conditioning for the person 900. Alternatively, the cloud server 980 can be configured to determine a room occupied by the person 900, such as a living room. Alternatively, the cloud server 980 can be configured to provide guide information to the person 900 if the room is a demo room.

[0275] In some embodiments, method 910 further includes obtaining information regarding a location of the object and providing information or a service based on the location of the object. For example, cloud server 980 is configured to obtain information regarding a demonstration room in which person 900 is located. Cloud server 980 is configured to project demonstration information to person 900. Alternatively, cloud server 980 is configured to provide an audio guide service to person 900 based on the location of person 900.

[0276] FIG. 54 illustrates an exemplary positioning system using multiple SEM signals, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As illustrated in FIG. 54, the positioning system includes a Wi-Fi AP 920, Wi-Fi clients 950 and 970, a cloud server 980, and a mobile terminal 990 for locating a person 900. The Wi-Fi AP 920 includes antennas 921-1 and 921-2 and a SEMI-1 928. The Wi-Fi client 950 may include two antenna ports and a SEMI-n 958. The Wi-Fi client 970 may include two antenna ports and a SEMI-2 978. The cloud server 980 includes one or more processors and memory. The mobile terminal 990 includes one or more processors and memory.

[0277] The Wi-Fi AP 920, Wi-Fi clients 950 and 970, and cloud server 980 in Figure 54 operate to locate the person 900, similar to the Wi-Fi AP 920, Wi-Fi clients 950 and 930, and cloud server 980 in Figure 53. The mobile terminal 990 is configured to connect to the cloud server 980 and is configured to, for example, associate envelope information 1 with the bedroom, envelope information 2 with the kitchen, and envelope information 3 with the living room.

[0278] After the cloud server 980 determines the location of the person 900, the cloud server 980 can be configured to determine which room the person 900 is in based on the envelope information and associations with the bedroom, kitchen, and living room.

[0279] Another aspect of the present disclosure relates to a non-transitory processor-readable medium having stored thereon instructions that, when executed, cause one or more processors to perform the above-described methods. The processor-readable medium may include volatile or non-volatile media, magnetic media, semiconductor media, tape media, optical media, removable media, non-removable media, or other types of processor-readable media or processor-readable storage devices. For example, the processor-readable medium may be a storage device or memory module on which processor instructions are stored, as disclosed. In some embodiments, the processor-readable medium may be a disk or flash drive on which processor instructions are stored.

[0280] It will be apparent that the present disclosure is not limited to the exact configuration described above and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, and that various modifications and changes can be made therein without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. It is intended that the scope of application be limited only by the scope of the appended claims.

[0281] The present disclosure also relates to features set forth in the following numbered embodiments ("E"), which are shown and described in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure, including a circuit for detecting motion of an object in an environment, the circuit comprising: a transmit chain configured to transmit a first wireless signal related to a transmission signal; a sensing circuit configured to obtain a modulated signal related to a combination of a transmitted signal and an incoming signal, the modulated signal including a Doppler shift due to motion of an object, the incoming signal being obtained from a second wireless signal, the second wireless signal being the first wireless signal reflected from the object; and an envelope extraction circuit configured to extract a signal envelope that varies with Doppler shift from the modulated signal; a detection circuit configured to determine whether motion of the object is detected according to the signal envelope; Includes.

[0282] E1. The circuit of the preceding paragraph, The transmit signal is an output signal of a power amplifier or an input signal of a power amplifier, The power amplifier is configured to send an output signal to an antenna to transmit a first wireless signal.

[0283] E2. The circuit of E1, wherein the incoming signal contains a Doppler shift.

[0284] E3. The E1 circuit transmits the signal continuous wave signal, or a signal to be the first wireless signal transmitted by the transmitter.

[0285] E4. The circuit of E1, wherein the envelope extraction circuit is configured to extract a signal envelope varied by the Doppler shift from the modulated signal; Rectifying the modulated signal, The rectified modulated signal is filtered.

[0286] E5. The circuit of E1, wherein the detection circuit further comprises: configured to determine whether the signal envelope includes a varying envelope; the signal level of the varying envelope is at least one above a first threshold or below a second threshold; The first threshold is higher than the second threshold.

[0287] E6. The circuit of E5 is In response to determining that the signal envelope includes a varying envelope, The detection circuit is The motion of the object is configured to be determined according to a varying envelope.

[0288] E7. The circuit of E1, wherein the sensing circuit comprises: modulating the incoming signal with the transmitted signal, or Modulating the outgoing signal with the incoming signal The modulated signal is obtained by:

[0289] E8. The circuit of E1, wherein the sensing circuit comprises: Coupler, a circulator having a leak path; Connection nodes, capacitors, power divider, or Duplexer, The present invention has at least one of the following:

[0290] E9. The circuit of E1, wherein the sensing circuit comprises: Adding the transmitted signal and the incoming signal; or coupling the transmitted signal to the incoming signal; or degrading the transmitted signal and summing the degraded transmitted signal with the incoming signal; The modulated signal is obtained by

[0291] E10. A circuit of E1, The transmitted signal is derived from the source signal, The source signal is constant envelope signal, a non-constant envelope signal, or packet-based signals, It is one of them.

[0292] E11. The circuit of E1, the detection circuit Obtaining a control signal from the transmitter; determining whether a Doppler shift is detected according to the signal envelope and the control signal; It is structured as follows.

[0293] E12. The circuit of E11, the modulated signal is a first modulated signal, the signal envelope is a first signal envelope; the detection circuit is configured to determine, according to the control signal, to extract one of a first signal envelope or a second signal envelope that varies with the Doppler shift; In response to the determination to extract the second signal envelope, the sensing circuit is configured to acquire the second modulated signal; the envelope extraction circuit is configured to extract a second signal envelope from the second modulated signal; The detection circuit is configured to determine whether a Doppler shift is detected according to the control signal and the first signal envelope or the second signal envelope.

[0294] E13. The E12 circuit the incoming signal is a first incoming received signal; The circuit is an oscillator configured to generate a source signal; The sensing circuitry is: Combining the source signal and the second incoming signal to obtain a second modulated signal. and configured to obtain a second modulated signal by A second incoming signal is obtained from the second wireless signal.

[0295] E14. A circuit of E1, The sensing circuit is a first sensing circuit, the modulated signal is a first modulated signal, The circuit is A closed loop circuit; A transmitter; a first sensing circuit; a second radio frequency circuit; a second sensing circuit; Equipped with the first sensing circuit is configured to acquire a first modulated signal from a signal of the closed loop circuit; The second sensing circuit is configured to obtain a second modulated signal that includes a combination of the transmitted signal and the incoming signal.

[0296] E15. The circuit of E14, The transmitter is configured to adjust the transmit power based on the second modulated signal.

[0297] E16. In the circuit of E14, the signal of the closed loop circuit is an input signal of a radio frequency circuit in a closed loop circuit, the output signal of the radio frequency circuit being applied to an antenna to transmit a first wireless signal; or a signal combining the transmitted signal and the incoming signal, which is fed back to the transmitter in the closed loop circuit by the sensing circuit; It includes at least one of the following:

[0298] E17. The circuit of E14, wherein the signal in the closed loop circuit comprises: The signal in the closed loop circuit is a signal for controlling the transmission power of a transmitter, or A signal for controlling the gain of a power amplifier of a radio frequency circuit, The output signal of the power amplifier is applied to an antenna to transmit a first wireless signal. Includes.

[0299] E18. A circuit of E1, the sensing circuit is a first sensing circuit; the modulated signal is a first modulated signal, The circuit is A transmitter; a first sensing circuit; a radio frequency circuit; a second sensing circuit; a power amplification and linearization loop circuit having the first sensing circuit is configured to acquire a first modulated signal from a signal of the power amplification and linearization loop circuit; The second sensing circuit is configured to obtain a second modulated signal that includes a combination of the transmitted signal and the incoming signal.

[0300] E19. The circuit of E18, The transmitter is configured to pre-compensate a signal to be transmitted by the transmitter based on the second modulated signal; It is equipped with a pre-distorter.

[0301] E20. It is an E18 circuit The signal of the power amplification and linearization loop circuit is an input signal to a radio frequency circuit of a power amplification and linearization loop circuit, The output signal of the radio frequency circuit is applied to an antenna to transmit a first wireless signal, a signal for controlling signal pre-compensation in a transmitter, or a signal combining the transmitted signal and the incoming signal, the signal being fed back to the transmitter of the power amplification and linearization loop circuit; Contains one of the following:

[0302] E21. A circuit of E1, the incoming signal is a first incoming signal, the second wireless signal is a first reflection of the first wireless signal from the object; the sensing circuit is configured to combine the transmitted signal and the first incoming signal as a sensing signal; the sensing circuit has a combiner configured to combine the sensing signal and the second incoming signal to obtain a modulated signal; The second incoming signal is obtained from the third wireless signal; The third wireless signal is a second reflected third wireless signal from the object.

[0303] E22. The circuit of E21, a first incoming signal is received via a first antenna port; A second incoming signal is received via a second antenna port.

[0304] E23. The circuit of E21, The Doppler shift is a first Doppler shift, the first incoming signal includes a first Doppler shift; The second incoming signal includes a second Doppler shift.

[0305] E24. The circuit of E21, wherein the sensing circuit further comprises: an amplifier configured to amplify the second incoming signal; The combiner is configured to combine the sensing signal and the amplified second incoming signal to obtain a modulated signal.

[0306] E25. The circuit of E21, the combiner is a first combiner, the envelope extraction circuit is a first envelope extraction circuit; the modulated signal is a first modulated signal, the signal envelope is a first signal envelope; The Doppler shift is the first Doppler shift, The sensing circuit further comprises: a phase shift circuit configured to shift the phase of the sensing signal; a second combiner configured to combine the phase-shifted sensing signal and the second incoming signal to obtain a second modulated signal; The circuit further a second envelope extraction circuit configured to extract a second signal envelope from the second modulated signal, the second signal envelope varying with the second Doppler shift; The detection circuit is configured to determine whether motion of the object is detected according to the first signal envelope and the second signal envelope.

[0307] E26. A circuit of E1, The sensing circuit is a combiner configured to combine the transmitted signal and the incoming signal to obtain a modulated signal; The transmit signal is the input signal of the radio frequency circuit; an output signal of the radio frequency circuit applied to a first antenna port for transmitting a first wireless signal; An incoming signal is obtained from the second wireless signal via the second antenna port.

[0308] E27. The circuit of E26, The sensing circuit is an amplifier configured to amplify the incoming signal; The combiner is configured to combine the transmitted signal and the amplified incoming signal to obtain a modulated signal.

[0309] E28. The circuit of E21, the combiner is a first combiner, the envelope extraction circuit is a first envelope extraction circuit; the modulated signal is a first modulated signal, the signal envelope is a first signal envelope; The Doppler shift is the first Doppler shift, The sensing circuit is a second combiner configured to combine the source signal and the incoming signal to obtain a second modulated signal; The circuit further a second envelope extraction circuit configured to extract a second signal envelope from the second modulated signal, the second signal envelope varying with the second Doppler shift; The detection circuit is configured to determine whether motion of the object is detected according to the first signal envelope and the second signal envelope.

[0310] E29. The circuit of E28, The transmitted signal is an in-phase signal, The source signals are quadrature signals.

[0311] E30. The circuit of E26, the combiner is a first combiner, the envelope extraction circuit is a first envelope extraction circuit; the modulated signal is a first modulated signal, the signal envelope is a first signal envelope; The Doppler shift is the first Doppler shift, The sensing circuit further comprises: a phase shift circuit configured to shift the phase of the transmit signal; a second combiner configured to combine the phase-shifted transmit signal and the incoming signal to obtain a second modulated signal; The circuit further a second envelope extraction circuit configured to extract a second signal envelope from the second modulated signal, the second signal envelope varying with the second Doppler shift; The detection circuit is configured to determine whether motion of the object is detected according to the first signal envelope and the second signal envelope.

[0312] E31. The circuit of E21, the envelope extraction circuit is a first envelope extraction circuit; the modulated signal is a first modulated signal, The Doppler shift is the first Doppler shift, the signal envelope is a first signal envelope; The circuit is a second envelope extraction circuit configured to extract a second signal envelope from the sensing signal, the second signal envelope varying with the second Doppler shift; The detection circuit is configured to determine whether motion of the object is detected according to the first signal envelope and the second signal envelope.

[0313] E32. The circuit of E31, a first incoming signal is received via a first antenna port; A second incoming signal is received via a second antenna port.

[0314] E33. A circuit of E32, The detection circuit further comprises: determining a phase difference between the first signal envelope and the second signal envelope; Determine the direction of the object based on the phase difference, It is structured as follows.

[0315] E34. The circuit of E21, the envelope extraction circuit is a first envelope extraction circuit; the modulated signal is a first modulated signal, The Doppler shift is the first Doppler shift, the signal envelope is a first signal envelope; The sensing circuit further comprises: a second combiner configured to combine the sensing signal and the third incoming signal to obtain a second modulated signal; a third incoming signal is obtained from the fourth wireless signal; the fourth wireless signal is a third reflection of the first wireless signal from the object; The circuit further a second envelope extraction circuit configured to extract a second signal envelope from the second modulated signal, the second signal envelope varying with the second Doppler shift; The detection circuit is configured to determine whether motion of the object is detected according to the first signal envelope and the second signal envelope.

[0316] E35. The circuit of E34, a first incoming signal is received via a first antenna port; a second incoming signal is received via a second antenna port; A third incoming signal is received via a third antenna port.

[0317] E36. The circuit of E35, wherein the detection circuit further comprises: determining a phase difference between the first signal envelope and the second signal envelope; Determine the direction of the object based on the phase difference, It is structured as follows.

[0318] E37. A circuit of E1, The motion of an object includes one or more gestures, The detection circuitry is configured to determine whether one of the one or more gestures is detected according to the signal envelope.

[0319] E38. The circuit of E37, The signal envelope has a changing pattern; The detection circuitry is configured to determine whether one of the one or more gestures is detected according to the change pattern.

[0320] E39. The circuit of E37, the signal envelope includes at least one of a first variation pattern or a second variation pattern;

[0321] The detection circuit is determining whether a first gesture of the one or more gestures is detected according to the first change pattern; determining whether a second gesture of the one or more gestures is detected according to a second change pattern; It is structured as follows.

[0322] E40. The circuit of E1, the detection circuit Determine the number of detected times a gesture occurs according to the signal envelope. It is structured as follows.

[0323] E41. A circuit of E1, The envelope extraction circuit detecting the power of the signal envelope to obtain a pulsed signal; sampling and holding the pulse signal to obtain the signal envelope; The signal envelope that varies with the Doppler shift is extracted from the modulated signal by the

[0324] E42. The circuit of E41, The envelope extraction circuit is configured to trigger the sample-and-hold by a pulse signal.

[0325] E43. a non-transitory processor-readable medium storing instructions executable by one or more processors of a device to perform operations for detecting motion of objects in an environment, the instructions comprising: The operation is transmitting a first wireless signal related to the outgoing signal and receiving a second wireless signal related to the incoming signal; a transmitting and receiving step, wherein the second wireless signal is the first wireless signal reflected from an object; obtaining a modulated signal relating to a combination of the transmitted signal and the incoming signal, an acquiring step, wherein the modulated signal includes a Doppler shift due to motion of the object; an extraction step of extracting a signal envelope that varies with Doppler shift from the modulated signal; a determining step of determining whether object motion is detected according to the signal envelope; Includes.

[0326] E44. In a circuit for determining the position of an object in an environment, a sensing circuit configured to obtain a first modulated signal and a second modulated signal related to the first signal and the second signal, respectively; the first modulated signal and the second modulated signal include a first Doppler shift and a second Doppler shift due to motion of the object, respectively; the first and second signals are obtained from first and second wireless signals received via the first and second antennas, respectively; a sensing circuit, wherein the first and second wireless signals are first and second reflected signals of a third wireless signal from an object, respectively; an envelope extraction circuit configured to extract a first signal envelope from the first modulated signal that varies with a first Doppler shift and to extract a second signal envelope from the second modulated signal that varies with a second Doppler shift; a detection circuit configured to determine an orientation of the object relative to a reference position according to the first signal envelope and the second signal envelope; Equipped with.

[0327] E45. The circuit of E44, The detection circuit is determining an angle of the object relative to a reference position according to the first signal envelope and the second signal envelope; is configured to determine the orientation of the object relative to a reference position.

[0328] E46. The circuit of E45, The detection circuit is determining a phase difference between the first signal envelope and the second signal envelope; determining an angle of the object relative to a reference position according to the phase difference; is configured to determine the orientation of the object relative to a reference position.

[0329] E47. The circuit of E44, wherein the detection circuit is determining the presence of an object according to at least one of the first signal envelope and the second signal envelope; It is structured as follows.

[0330] E48. 1. A method for determining the position of an object in an environment, comprising: The first device is a sensing circuit configured to obtain a first modulated signal and a second modulated signal related to the first signal and the second signal, respectively; the first modulated signal and the second modulated signal respectively include a first Doppler shift and a second Doppler shift due to motion of the object; the first and second signals are obtained from first and second wireless signals received via the first and second antennas, respectively; a sensing circuit, wherein the first wireless signal and the second wireless signal are a first reflected signal and a second reflected signal of a third wireless signal from an object, respectively; an envelope extraction circuit configured to extract a first signal envelope from the first modulated signal that varies with a first Doppler shift and to extract a second signal envelope from the second modulated signal that varies with a second Doppler shift; a detection circuit configured to determine an orientation of the object relative to a reference position according to a first signal envelope and the second signal envelope; a second device configured to detect a second direction of the object relative to a second reference position according to a third signal envelope and a fourth signal envelope that vary with a third Doppler shift and a fourth Doppler shift, respectively, due to motion of the object; a controller configured to determine a position of the object according to a first direction and a second direction relative to a first reference position and a second reference position, respectively; It has.

[0331] E49. The E48 system also a third device configured to detect a third direction of the object relative to a third reference position according to a fifth signal envelope and a sixth signal envelope that vary with a fifth Doppler shift and a sixth Doppler shift, respectively, due to motion of the object; The controller is configured to determine a position of the object according to a first angle relative to the first reference point, a second angle relative to the second reference point, and a third angle relative to the third reference point, respectively.

[0332] E50. In the E48 system, the controller The second reference point is configured to be determined by a wireless positioning operation.

[0333] E51. In the E48 system, the controller The object is configured to perform an action associated with the object's location.

[0334] E52. The E51 system is The object is a person, The object's position and associated actions are Turning on the lights, Determining the space occupied by humans; or Providing guidance information to humans; It includes at least one of the following:

[0335] E53. The E48 system has a controller Get information about the object's location, It is configured to provide information or services based on the location of the object.

[0336] E54. a non-transitory processor-readable medium storing instructions executable by one or more processors of a device to perform operations for determining a position of an object in an environment, the instructions comprising: The operation is obtaining a first modulated signal and a second modulated signal, the first modulated signal and the second modulated signal include a first Doppler shift and a second Doppler shift, respectively, due to motion of the object; extracting a first signal envelope from the first modulated signal that varies with a first Doppler shift and extracting a second signal envelope from the second modulated signal that varies with a second Doppler shift; determining an orientation of the object relative to a reference position according to a first signal envelope and a second signal envelope; Includes.

Claims

1. 1. A method for determining the motion of an object in an environment, comprising: a transmitting and receiving step of transmitting a first wireless signal related to an outgoing signal and receiving a second wireless signal related to an incoming signal, the second wireless signal being the first wireless signal reflected from the object; acquiring a modulated signal relating to a combination of the transmitted signal and the incoming signal, the modulated signal including a Doppler shift due to motion of the object; extracting a signal envelope that varies with the Doppler shift from the modulated signal; detecting the motion of the object according to the signal envelope; the transmit signal is a continuous wave (CW) output signal of a buffer circuit; The output signal of the buffer circuit is applied to an antenna; the modulated signal is acquired by a connection node between the buffer circuit and the antenna; the modulated signal is a first modulated signal; the signal envelope is a first signal envelope; The extraction step comprises: obtaining a first control signal and a second control signal from a transmitter, the first control signal including information about a time for the transmitter to transmit the transmission signal; determining whether to acquire the first modulated signal or the second modulated signal according to the second control signal; if the first modulated signal is obtained, extracting the first signal envelope from the first modulated signal; when the second modulated signal is acquired, extracting a second signal envelope from the second modulated signal, the second signal envelope varying with the Doppler shift; In the detecting step, detecting the motion of the object according to the first control signal and the first signal envelope or the first control signal and the second signal envelope; the incoming signal is a first incoming signal, obtaining the second modulated signal includes combining a source signal and a second incoming signal to obtain the second modulated signal; the source signal is transmitted from an oscillator separate from the transmitter via a path separate from that of the transmission signal, the second incoming signal is obtained from a third wireless signal; The method, wherein the third wireless signal is a wireless signal related to the source signal reflected from the object.

2. 1. A method for determining the motion of an object in an environment, comprising: a transmitting and receiving step of transmitting a first wireless signal related to an outgoing signal and receiving a second wireless signal related to an incoming signal, the second wireless signal being the first wireless signal reflected from the object; acquiring a modulated signal relating to a combination of the transmitted signal and the incoming signal, the modulated signal including a Doppler shift due to motion of the object; extracting a signal envelope that varies with the Doppler shift from the modulated signal; detecting the motion of the object according to the signal envelope; the transmit signal is a continuous wave (CW) output signal of a buffer circuit or a continuous wave (CW) input signal of a buffer circuit; The output signal of the buffer circuit is applied to an antenna; the incoming signal is a first incoming signal, the second wireless signal is the first wireless signal reflected from the object; The step of obtaining the modulated signal includes: combining the transmitted signal and the first incoming signal as a sensing signal; combining the sensing signal and a second incoming signal to obtain the modulated signal, the second incoming signal being obtained from a third wireless signal, the third wireless signal being a second reflection of the first wireless signal from the object, and the second incoming signal being received via an antenna port other than an antenna port for receiving the first incoming signal; the modulated signal is a first modulated signal, the Doppler shift is a first Doppler shift, the signal envelope is a first signal envelope; The method comprises: extracting a second signal envelope from the sensing signal, the second signal envelope varying with a second Doppler shift; detecting motion of the object according to the first signal envelope and the second signal envelope; determining a phase difference between the first signal envelope and the second signal envelope; determining a direction of the object based on the phase difference; the first incoming signal is received via a first antenna port; The second incoming signal is received via a second antenna port.

3. the transmit signal is an output signal of a power amplifier or an input signal of the power amplifier, the output signal of the power amplifier being configured to be applied to an antenna to transmit the first wireless signal; 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2.

4. The step of extracting a signal envelope that varies with the Doppler shift from the modulated signal includes: rectifying the modulated signal; filtering the rectified modulated signal.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2.

5. The acquisition step of acquiring the modulated signal includes: modulating the incoming signal with the transmitted signal; or modulating the transmitted signal with the incoming signal; 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2.

6. The acquisition step of acquiring the modulated signal includes: adding the transmitted signal and the incoming signal; 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2.

7. The method comprises: amplifying the second incoming signal; The step of combining the sensing signal and the incoming signal includes: combining the sensing signal with the amplified second incoming signal to obtain the modulated signal; The method of claim 2.

8. the modulated signal is a first modulated signal, the signal envelope is a first signal envelope; the Doppler shift is a first Doppler shift, The method comprises: shifting the phase of the sensing signal; obtaining a second modulated signal by combining the sensing signal whose phase has been shifted by the step of shifting the phase of the sensing signal with a second incoming signal; extracting a second signal envelope from the second modulated signal, the second signal envelope varying with a second Doppler shift; detecting motion of the object according to the first signal envelope and the second signal envelope; Including, The method of claim 2.

9. obtaining the modulated signal includes combining the transmitted signal and the incoming signal; the transmission signal is an input signal of the buffer circuit; an output signal of the buffer circuit applied to a first antenna port for transmitting a first wireless signal; the incoming signal is obtained from the second wireless signal via a second antenna port; The method of claim 2.

10. the modulated signal is a first modulated signal, the signal envelope is a first signal envelope; the Doppler shift is a first Doppler shift, The method comprises: obtaining a second modulated signal by combining a source signal and the incoming signal, the source signal being obtained from an oscillator; extracting a second signal envelope from the second modulated signal, the second signal envelope varying with a second Doppler shift; Detecting motion of the object according to the first signal envelope and the second signal envelope, wherein the transmitted signal is an in-phase signal and the source signal is a quadrature signal; 10. The method of claim 9, comprising:

11. the modulated signal is a first modulated signal, the signal envelope is a first signal envelope; the Doppler shift is a first Doppler shift, The method comprises: shifting the phase of the transmitted signal; obtaining a second modulated signal by combining the phase-shifted transmitted signal with the incoming signal; extracting a second signal envelope from the second modulated signal, the second signal envelope varying with a second Doppler shift; detecting motion of the object according to the first signal envelope and the second signal envelope; 10. The method of claim 9, comprising:

12. the modulated signal is a first modulated signal, the Doppler shift is a first Doppler shift, the signal envelope is a first signal envelope; The method comprises: combining the sensing signal and a third incoming signal to obtain a second modulated signal, the third incoming signal being obtained from a fourth wireless signal, the fourth wireless signal being a third reflection of the first wireless signal from the object; extracting a second signal envelope from the second modulated signal, the second signal envelope varying with a second Doppler shift; detecting motion of the object according to the first signal envelope and the second signal envelope; The method of claim 2 further comprising:

13. The method comprises: determining a phase difference between the first signal envelope and the second signal envelope; determining a direction of the object based on the phase difference; further comprising the first incoming signal is received via a first antenna port; the second incoming signal is received via a second antenna port; the third incoming signal is received via a third antenna port; 13. The method of claim 12.

14. the motion of the object includes one or more gestures; The method comprises: Detecting one of the one or more gestures based on the signal envelope, the signal envelope having a variation pattern; detecting one of the one or more gestures; detecting one of the one or more gestures according to the change pattern; 3. The method of claim 1 or 2, comprising:

15. 1. A circuit for determining motion of an object in an environment, comprising: The circuit comprises: a transmit chain configured to transmit a first wireless signal related to the transmit signal; a sensing circuit configured to obtain a modulated signal relating to a combination of the transmitted signal and an incoming signal, the modulated signal including a Doppler shift due to motion of the object, the incoming signal being obtained from a second wireless signal, the second wireless signal being the first wireless signal reflected from the object; and an envelope extraction circuit configured to extract a signal envelope from the modulated signal that varies with the Doppler shift; a detection circuit configured to detect motion of the object according to the signal envelope; the transmit signal is a continuous wave (CW) output signal of a buffer circuit; The output signal of the buffer circuit is applied to an antenna; the modulated signal is acquired by a connection node between the buffer circuit and the antenna; the modulated signal is a first modulated signal; the signal envelope is a first signal envelope; The detection circuit obtaining a first control signal and a second control signal from a transmitter, the first control signal including information about a time for the transmitter to transmit the transmission signal; determining whether to acquire the first modulated signal or the second modulated signal according to the second control signal; The envelope extraction circuit If the first modulated signal is obtained, extracting the first signal envelope from the first modulated signal; When the second modulated signal is acquired, a second signal envelope that varies depending on the Doppler shift is extracted from the second modulated signal; the detection circuit detects motion of the object according to the first control signal and the first signal envelope or the first control signal and the second signal envelope; the incoming signal is a first incoming signal, obtaining the second modulated signal includes combining a source signal and a second incoming signal to obtain the second modulated signal; the source signal is transmitted from an oscillator separate from the transmitter via a path separate from that of the transmission signal, the second incoming signal is obtained from a third wireless signal; The circuit, wherein the third wireless signal is a wireless signal related to the source signal reflected from the object.

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