Method for producing solanaceous plants, method for preventing a decrease in fruit yield of solanaceous plants, and device for preventing a decrease in fruit yield of solanaceous plants

Abstract

For cultivated solanaceous plants, near-infrared light containing wavelengths of 800 to 1000 nm is applied at an irradiance of X (W / m 2 ) and irradiation time Y(s) satisfy all of the disease control conditions of the following formulas 1 to 3 and the condition of the following formula 4. -1.873 ≧Y≧5901.9X -1.856 , Equation 2: X≧1, Equation 3: Y≧0.01, Equation 4: X×Y<9000

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for producing solanaceous plants, a method for preventing a decrease in fruit yield of solanaceous plants, and an apparatus for preventing a decrease in fruit yield of solanaceous plants. This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2024-065575, filed on April 15, 2024, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. [Background technology]

[0002] The method of irradiating plants with near-infrared light to prevent disease does not require the use of pesticides, and is therefore highly safe, particularly for plants that are to be eaten after harvest, and is therefore in high demand in the market.

[0003] Patent Documents 1 and 2 disclose a method for irradiating a plant under cultivation with near-infrared light containing wavelengths set within a wavelength range of 800 to 1000 nm at an irradiance (W / m 2 ) is X and the irradiation time (s) is Y, a plant disease control method and a disease control device are disclosed, which are characterized by automatically adjusting at least one of the irradiance and the irradiation time so as to satisfy all of the following formulas 1, 2, and 3: Formula 1:644893X -1.873 ≧Y≧5901.9X -1.856 Formula 2:X≧1 Formula 3: Y≧0.01 [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] Patent No. 7276786 [Patent Document 2] International Publication No. 2023 / 182357 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] However, while Patent Documents 1 and 2 clearly describe the relationship between the irradiance and irradiation time of near-infrared light that is effective in controlling plant diseases, it remains unclear whether near-infrared light irradiation has any effect on the growth of solanaceous plants, particularly on the fruit set and fruit yield of solanaceous plants. It was not possible to predict how near-infrared light irradiation would affect the fruit set and fruit yield of solanaceous plants from disease control effect data alone. The inventors' extensive research has shown that excessive near-infrared light irradiation reduces the fruit set of solanaceous plants during cultivation, more specifically, the cumulative fruit set over the cultivation period, resulting in a trade-off between the disease control effect of near-infrared light irradiation and ensuring sufficient fruit yield. Fruit set and cumulative fruit set are important for ensuring the yield of solanaceous plants.

[0006] In view of the above circumstances, the present invention aims to provide a method for producing solanaceous plants that can effectively prevent a decrease in fruit yield of solanaceous plants, a method for preventing a decrease in fruit yield of solanaceous plants, and an apparatus for preventing a decrease in fruit yield of solanaceous plants. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] As a result of extensive research, the inventors have found that the irradiance (W / m 2 ) is X and the irradiation time (s) is Y, the inventors discovered that if the integrated amount of light calculated from the integrated value of X × Y becomes excessive, the fruit yield of a solanaceous plant being cultivated decreases, and further discovered that by adjusting the integrated value of X × Y to an appropriate range, the decrease in fruit yield of a solanaceous plant can be prevented, leading to the completion of the present invention.

[0008] That is, the present invention is as follows. [1] Near-infrared light containing wavelengths of 800 to 1000 nm is applied to cultivated solanaceous plants at an irradiance of X (W / m 2 ) and irradiation time Y(s) satisfy all of the disease control conditions of the following formulas 1 to 3 and the condition of the following formula 4. Formula 1:644893X -1.873 ≧Y≧5901.9X-1.856 Formula 2:X≧1 Formula 3: Y≧0.01 Formula 4:X×Y<9000

[0009] [2] Further, the method includes a cultivation management step of performing cultivation management work for the solanaceous plant, The method for producing a solanaceous plant according to [1], wherein the step of preventing a decrease in fruit yield is carried out at the same time as the step of cultivation management work. [3] The irradiance X (W / m) of the solanaceous plant is calculated from information on the moving speed of the light source irradiating the solanaceous plant with the near-infrared light and information on the length of the light source in the moving direction. 2 ) is adjusted so as to satisfy the condition of formula 4: X × Y < 9000. [4] When the moving speed of the light source irradiating the near-infrared light onto the solanaceous plant becomes zero, the integrated light amount calculated from the integrated value of X × Y is 9000 W s / m 2 The method for producing a solanaceous plant according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the irradiation with near-infrared light is stopped before the temperature reaches or exceeds this level.

[0010] [5] Near-infrared light containing wavelengths of 800 to 1000 nm is applied to cultivated solanaceous plants. Irradiance X(W / m 2 ) and irradiation time Y(s) satisfy all of the disease control conditions of the following formulas 1 to 3 and the condition of the following formula 4. Formula 1:644893X -1.873 ≧Y≧5901.9X -1.856 Formula 2:X≧1 Formula 3: Y≧0.01 Formula 4:X×Y<9000

[0011] [6] A near-infrared light irradiation means for irradiating a solanaceous plant under cultivation with near-infrared light having a wavelength of 800 to 1000 nm; The irradiance of the near-infrared light X (W / m 2) and irradiation time Y (s) satisfy all of the disease control conditions of the following formulas 1 to 3 and the condition of the following formula 4. A near-infrared light radiation amount adjusting means; A device for preventing a decrease in fruit yield of solanaceous plants. Formula 1:644893X -1.873 ≧Y≧5901.9X -1.856 Formula 2:X≧1 Formula 3: Y≧0.01 Formula 4:X×Y<9000

[0012] [7] Further, a cultivation management operation means for performing cultivation management operations for the solanaceous plant is provided, The fruit yield reduction prevention device described in [6], wherein the near-infrared light irradiation means and the near-infrared light radiation amount adjustment means are mounted on the cultivation management work means. [8] The near-infrared light irradiation means is a light source that irradiates near-infrared light having a wavelength of 800 to 1000 nm, and the cultivation management work means is a cultivation management work cart equipped with the light source. A fruit yield reduction prevention device as described in [7]. [9] The near-infrared light radiation amount adjusting means acquires information on the moving speed of the near-infrared light irradiating means relative to the solanaceous plant and information on the length of the near-infrared light irradiating means in the moving direction, and calculates the irradiance X (W / m 2 ) is adjusted so as to satisfy the condition of the formula 4: X×Y<9000.

[10] The near-infrared light radiation amount adjusting means adjusts the integrated light amount calculated from the integrated value of X×Y to 9000 W s / m when the moving speed of the near-infrared light irradiating means relative to the solanaceous plant becomes zero. 2 The fruit yield reduction prevention device according to any one of [6] to [9], which has a function of stopping the irradiation of the near-infrared light irradiation means before the above-mentioned condition is reached. [Effects of the Invention]

[0013] The present invention provides a method for producing solanaceous plants that can effectively prevent a decrease in fruit yield of solanaceous plants, a method for preventing a decrease in fruit yield of solanaceous plants, and an apparatus for preventing a decrease in fruit yield of solanaceous plants. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0014] [Figure 1] 1 is a schematic diagram showing a side view of an apparatus for preventing a decline in fruit yield 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention, in relation to the direction of travel. [Figure 2] 1 is a schematic diagram showing the rear side of an apparatus for preventing a decline in fruit yield 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention in the direction of travel, and showing a state in which near-infrared light is being irradiated onto a plant body. [Figure 3] 1 is a double logarithmic graph showing the relationship between irradiance (W / m2) and irradiation time (s) that exerts disease control effects and prevents a decrease in fruit yield when near-infrared light is irradiated on a solanaceous plant. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0015] The following describes embodiments of the method for producing solanaceous plants, the method for preventing a decrease in fruit yield of solanaceous plants, and the device for preventing a decrease in fruit yield of solanaceous plants of the present invention, although the present invention is not limited to these embodiments. In the present invention, a numerical range expressed using "to" means a range that includes the numerical values before and after "to" as the lower and upper limits.

[0016] Solanaceae plants to which the present invention is applicable include all solanaceae plants cultivated by agricultural techniques, which bear berries or capsules. The main plants in the Solanaceae family (scientific name: Solanaceae) are the genus Solanum, which includes eggplant (Solanum melongena), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), potato (Solanum tuberosum), Solanum aethiopicum, American nightshade (Solanum americanum), horsenettle (Solanum carolinense), horned eggplant (Solanum mammosum), and nightshade (Solanum nigrum). The genus Capsicum, which includes peppers such as Capsicum annuum, Aji Amarillo, and Ulpica; The genus Nicotiana, which includes tobacco (Nicotiana spp.) and sugarcane tobacco (N. alata); The genus Datura, which includes Datura metel, Datura inoxia, and Datura stramonium; The genus Brugmansia, which includes species such as Brugmansia suaveolens and Brugmansia arborea; The Physalis genus, which includes species such as Chinese nightshade (Physalis alkekengi var. franchetii) and giant grape nightshade (Physalis philadelphica); This includes plants such as the genus Petunia, which includes petunias (Petunia x hybrida). As the solanaceae plant to which the present invention is applied, plants belonging to the genus Solanum, Nicotiana, or Capsicum are preferred, with tomato, potato, or capsicum (bell pepper, paprika) being more preferred, and tomato being even more preferred.

[0017] In the present invention, the near-infrared light irradiated onto a solanaceous plant under cultivation is near-infrared light containing any wavelength set within the wavelength range of 800 to 1000 nm, and may be a single-wavelength light such as a laser, or may have a wavelength distribution such as that of a fluorescent lamp or LED. Furthermore, the near-infrared light may have one peak wavelength or two or more different peak wavelengths, but from the viewpoint of achieving a sufficient effect of preventing a decrease in fruit yield, it is desirable that the central wavelength of the irradiated near-infrared light be within the wavelength range of 800 to 1000 nm.

[0018] Examples of irradiation devices that can irradiate such near-infrared light include light-emitting diodes (LEDs), fluorescent tubes, metal halide lamps, sodium lamps, halogen lamps, xenon lamps, neon tubes, inorganic electroluminescence, organic electroluminescence, chemiluminescence (chemical luminescence), lasers, etc. In addition, sunlight or light emitted from a light source that has passed through a spectral filter that transmits only light of an arbitrarily set wavelength within the wavelength range of 800 to 1000 nm may also be used.

[0019] <<Solanaceae plant production method>> The method for producing a solanaceous plant of this embodiment involves irradiating a solanaceous plant under cultivation with near-infrared light having a wavelength of 800 to 1000 nm at an irradiance of X (W / m 2 The method includes a step of preventing a decrease in fruit yield by adjusting at least one of the irradiance and the irradiation time so that the irradiance and irradiation time Y(s) satisfy all of the disease control conditions of the following formulas 1 to 3 and the condition of the following formula 4.

[0020] Formula 1:644893X -1.873 ≧Y≧5901.9X -1.856 Formula 2:X≧1 Formula 3: Y≧0.01 Formula 4:X×Y<9000

[0021] Equation 4 represents the relationship between the irradiance X and irradiation time Y of near-infrared light, which can be effective in preventing a decrease in fruit yield in Solanaceae plants. By adjusting at least one of the irradiance or the irradiation time so that all of the disease control conditions of Equations 1 to 3 and the condition of Equation 4 are satisfied, the effect of preventing a decrease in fruit yield can be achieved. In Equation 4, the integrated light intensity calculated from the integrated value of X × Y is 9000W·s / m 2 is less than. When irradiating cultivated solanaceous plants with near-infrared light containing wavelengths set within the wavelength range of 800 to 1000 nm, the irradiance (W / m 2 In the double logarithmic graph of Figure 3, where the horizontal axis (X axis) is the temperature (T) and the vertical axis (Y axis) is the irradiation time (s), "Formula 4: X×Y<9000" indicates that the line is below the line "X×Y=9000". The integrated light intensity calculated from the integrated value of X x Y is 8500W·s / m 2 May be less than 7500W·s / m 2 May be less than 6000W·s / m 2 May be less than 3000W·s / m 2 The integrated light intensity calculated from the integrated value of X × Y in Equation 4 is 100 W·s / m 2 It may be more than 200W·s / m 2 It may be more than 300W·s / m 2 When the content is equal to or greater than the lower limit, disease control is more excellent.

[0022] The irradiation conditions of Formulas 1, 2 and 3 are effective in controlling diseases in solanaceous plants, and reference can be made to, for example, Japanese Patent No. 7276786 (Patent Document 1) and International Publication No. 2023 / 182357 (Patent Document 2).

[0023] The formula "Y=644893X" contained in the above formula 1 -1.873 " is the irradiance (W / m 2) on the horizontal axis (X-axis) and irradiation time (s) on the vertical axis (Y-axis) in Fig. 3, this is represented by a straight line LA. When the coordinate indicated by the irradiance X and irradiation time Y is above the straight line LA, this corresponds to excessive irradiation of the Solanaceae plant with near-infrared light. Excessive irradiation of near-infrared light is undesirable because the irradiance or irradiation time exceeds the required amount, the power required to generate the near-infrared light is wasted, and the life of the light source is shortened.

[0024] In addition, the equation "Y=5901.9X" that satisfies the above equation 1 -1.856 " is the irradiance (W / m 2 This is represented by a straight line LC in the double logarithmic graph in Figure 3, with the horizontal axis (X-axis) representing irradiance and the vertical axis (Y-axis) representing irradiation time (s). When the coordinate represented by irradiance X and irradiation time Y is below the straight line LC, this corresponds to insufficient irradiation of near-infrared light to the solanaceous plant. Insufficient irradiation of near-infrared light will result in insufficient disease control effects.

[0025] Furthermore, when irradiating nightshade plants with near-infrared light, the irradiance is 1 W / m 2 If the irradiance is less than 1 W / m, the irradiation time must be significantly longer to achieve sufficient disease control. 2 It is not practical to carry out irradiation treatment at a temperature lower than this. Furthermore, if the exposure time of plants to near-infrared light is less than 0.01 seconds, sufficient disease control effect cannot be achieved unless the irradiance is significantly increased, so it is not practical to perform irradiation treatment with an exposure time of less than 0.01 seconds.

[0026] Irradiance (W / m 2 In the double logarithmic graph of Figure 3, where the horizontal axis (X-axis) is the irradiance and the vertical axis (Y-axis) is the irradiation time (s), it can be said that disease control effects can be achieved by irradiating a solanaceous plant with near-infrared light at an irradiance and irradiation time such that the coordinates lie within the range surrounded by the four lines: line LA, line LC, "X=1," and "Y=0.01." In the method for producing a solanaceous plant of this embodiment, the irradiance (W / m2 In the double logarithmic graph of Figure 3, where the horizontal axis (X-axis) is the irradiance (y-axis) and the irradiation time (s) is the vertical axis (Y-axis), it can be said that if a solanaceous plant is irradiated with near-infrared light at an irradiance and for an irradiation time such that the coordinates lie within the range surrounded by the five thick straight lines: line LA, line LC, and the lines "X × Y = 9000," "X = 1," and "Y = 0.01," both disease control effects and fruit yield reduction prevention effects can be achieved. Such irradiation conditions can be expressed as a formula where all of the above formulas 1, 2, 3, and 4 are satisfied. It can be said that irradiating solanaceous plants with near-infrared light in this way can provide both disease control effects and fruit yield reduction prevention effects.

[0027] In the method for producing a solanaceous plant of this embodiment, in order to obtain a plant disease control effect, it is advisable to irradiate the solanaceous plant with near-infrared light so that the conditions suitable for such disease control treatment are satisfied on the surface of the plant body.

[0028] Furthermore, plant diseases in the method for producing a Solanaceae plant of this embodiment are mainly caused by fungi, and examples of such pathogenic fungi include ascomycetes, basidiomycetes, flagellates, oomycetes, and deuteromycetes. Examples include the ascomycetes strawberry powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca aphanis) and tomato powdery mildew (Oidium and Oidiopsis), which are ascomycetes; the cucumber downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora cubensis), which is an oomycete; and the tomato leaf mold (Fulvia fulva) and tomato gray mold (Botrytis cinerea), which are deuteromycetes. However, these are merely examples and are not limiting.

[0029] When irradiating a solanaceous plant with near-infrared light, the surrounding light environment does not need to be dark, and the plant may be irradiated under artificial lighting such as fluorescent lamps or LEDs, or under sunlight. However, it is preferable to perform the irradiation treatment in a light environment in which the irradiance of light in other wavelength regions is weaker than the irradiance of near-infrared light in the wavelength region of 800 to 1000 nm.

[0030] The irradiation of near-infrared light may be continuous or intermittent. Continuous irradiation means, for example, continuously irradiating near-infrared light for a predetermined period of time (e.g., 5 minutes). Intermittent irradiation means, for example, repeating 10 seconds of irradiation and 10 seconds of non-irradiation so that the total irradiation time is a predetermined period of time (e.g., 5 minutes).

[0031] For example, the same Solanaceae plant is irradiated with near-infrared light once or twice or more during the cultivation period, preferably three or more times at an arbitrary interval, more preferably four or more times (multiple times) at an arbitrary interval. In the present invention, one irradiation of near-infrared light is defined as a single irradiation of near-infrared light of 9000 W·s / m2 calculated from the integrated value of X×Y. 2 The irradiation is to reach an integrated light amount less than 1000 kJ / hour, and the integrated light amount may be reached by continuous irradiation or by intermittent irradiation.

[0032] The disease control effect obtained by carrying out the method for producing a solanaceous plant of this embodiment lasts for about 14 days with a single irradiation of near-infrared light. Therefore, in the method for producing a solanaceous plant of this embodiment, if the irradiation of near-infrared light is repeated at a frequency of once every 1 to 14 days, the disease control effect can be maintained without interruption.

[0033] The method for producing a solanaceous plant of this embodiment can more effectively prevent a decrease in fruit yield of a solanaceous plant, so it is preferable to repeat irradiation with near-infrared light three or more times at a frequency of once every 1 to 14 days, more preferable to repeat irradiation with near-infrared light three or more times at a frequency of once every 3 to 14 days, even more preferable to repeat irradiation with near-infrared light four or more times at a frequency of once every 3 to 14 days, and particularly preferable to repeat irradiation with near-infrared light five or more times at a frequency of once every 3 to 14 days.

[0034] In the method for producing solanaceous plants of this embodiment, for example, if the plants are grown in a building such as a greenhouse or hydroponic cultivation room, near-infrared light can be irradiated onto the plants from an irradiation device installed on the ceiling or wall of the building. Alternatively, if the plants are grown outdoors, a mobile irradiation device equipped with a near-infrared light source can be used. For example, a mobile fruit yield reduction prevention device with a light source mounted on an automatically or manually operated cultivation management work cart, an irradiation device with a light source mounted on an aerial drone that irradiates the plants from above, or a compact fruit yield reduction prevention device that is held by a person with a light source like a flashlight can be used.

[0035] In the method for producing solanaceous plants of this embodiment, at least one of the irradiance and the irradiation time is adjusted so that the wavelength range of near-infrared light that is effective in controlling diseases of solanaceous plants and all of the disease control conditions of Equations 1 to 3 above and the condition of Equation 4 are satisfied, thereby making it possible to effectively control plant diseases and effectively prevent a decrease in fruit yield of solanaceous plants. For example, when the distance between the light source of near-infrared light and the target plant of the Solanaceae family is large and the irradiance on the surface of the plant is low, the irradiation time can be adjusted to be longer to an extent that the disease control effect and the effect of preventing a decrease in fruit yield can be obtained even with that low irradiance. Furthermore, when near-infrared light is irradiated onto a plant body while the light source is being moved, if the light source passes near the plant body to be irradiated in a short time, thereby shortening the irradiation time on the surface of the plant body, the irradiance can be adjusted to be high enough to obtain disease control effects and prevent a decrease in fruit yield even with that short irradiation time.

[0036] For example, the formula "X×Y=8500" in the above formula 4 is the irradiance (W / m 2 ) is the horizontal axis (X axis) and the irradiation time (s) is the vertical axis (Y axis) in the double logarithmic graph of FIG. In an embodiment of the method for producing a solanaceous plant, for example, near-infrared light having a wavelength set within a wavelength range of 800 to 1000 nm is applied to a solanaceous plant under cultivation at an irradiance (W / m 2) is X and the irradiation time (s) is Y, an example of a method for producing a solanaceous plant is to adjust at least one of the irradiance and the irradiation time so as to satisfy all of the disease control conditions of the above formulas 1 to 3 and the condition of the above formula 4, and based roughly on the condition expressed by "X × Y = 8500." The method for producing solanaceous plants may be performed by adjusting at least one of the irradiance or irradiation time approximately based on the condition expressed as "X×Y=7500" instead of the condition expressed as "X×Y=8500", or by adjusting at least one of the irradiance or irradiation time approximately based on the condition expressed as "X×Y=6000", or by adjusting at least one of the irradiance or irradiation time approximately based on the condition expressed as "X×Y=3000", or by adjusting at least one of the irradiance or irradiation time approximately based on the condition expressed as "X×Y=300".

[0037] Furthermore, in another embodiment, near-infrared light containing wavelengths set within a wavelength range of 800 to 1000 nm is applied to a solanaceous plant under cultivation at an irradiance (W / m 2 ) is X and the irradiation time (s) is Y, the disease control conditions of the above formulas 1 to 3 and the condition of formula 4 are all satisfied, and "Y = 5901.9X -1.856 An example of such a method for producing a solanaceous plant is a method for irradiating the plant by adjusting at least one of the irradiance and the irradiation time based on the conditions shown in the above.

[0038] As described above, by incorporating a general control means into the control means capable of adjusting one or both of the irradiance and irradiation time of near-infrared light, the near-infrared light radiation amount adjustment means can be made to be capable of adjusting one or both of the irradiance and irradiation time by automatic control. In particular, when the irradiance is automatically adjusted in response to fluctuations in the irradiation time of near-infrared light, it is desirable that an appropriate amount of irradiation can be performed without excessive or insufficient irradiation even in a situation where, for example, an operator who irradiates plants cultivated in a field with near-infrared light is unfamiliar with irradiation treatment and is unable to pay attention to the irradiation time.

[0039] The method for producing a solanaceous plant of this embodiment further includes a cultivation management work step of performing cultivation management work for the solanaceous plant, and it is preferable that the fruit yield reduction prevention step is performed at the same time as the cultivation management work step.

[0040] The cultivation management work may be any one of bud thinning, training, shifting, leaf thinning, fruit thinning, truss clip installation, truss support installation, or hormone treatment.

[0041] When the fruit yield reduction prevention step is performed at the same time as the cultivation management step, the solanaceous plant that is the target of the fruit yield reduction prevention step and the solanaceous plant that is the target of the cultivation management step may be the same plant and performed at the same time, or different plant bodies and performed at the same time. For example, while irradiating a solanaceous plant under cultivation with near-infrared light, cultivation management work may be performed on the same plant body as the target plant body being irradiated with near-infrared light, or cultivation management work may be performed on a plant body planted next to the target plant body being irradiated with near-infrared light, or cultivation management work may be performed on a plant body planted in a row behind the target plant body being irradiated with near-infrared light, while irradiating it with near-infrared light.

[0042] The method for producing a solanaceous plant of this embodiment includes: determining the irradiance X (W / m ) of the solanaceous plant from information on the moving speed of the light source that irradiates the solanaceous plant with near-infrared light and information on the length of the light source in the moving direction; 2 ) can be adjusted to satisfy the condition of Equation 4: X×Y<9000.

[0043] For example, when the moving speed of the light source irradiating the near-infrared light to the solanaceous plant is V cm / s and the length of the light source in the moving direction is L (cm), the time it takes for the light source to pass a certain point on the plant body to be irradiated is (L / V) (s). This time (L / V) (s) is regarded as the irradiation time Y (s), and the irradiance X (W / m 2 ) can be adjusted to satisfy the condition of Equation 4: X×Y<9000.

[0044] In the method for producing a solanaceous plant of this embodiment, when the moving speed of the light source irradiating the solanaceous plant with near-infrared light becomes zero, the integrated light amount calculated from the integrated value of X × Y is 9000 W s / m 2 Before this occurs, the irradiation of the near-infrared light may be automatically stopped.

[0045] <<Method for preventing a decrease in fruit yield of solanaceous plants>> The method for preventing a decrease in fruit yield of a solanaceous plant of this embodiment includes irradiating a solanaceous plant under cultivation with near-infrared light having a wavelength of 800 to 1000 nm, Irradiance X(W / m 2 At least one of the irradiance and the irradiation time is adjusted so that the irradiance Y(s) and the irradiation time Y(s) satisfy all of the disease control conditions of the following formulas 1 to 3 and the condition of the following formula 4.

[0046] Formula 1:644893X -1.873 ≧Y≧5901.9X -1.856 Formula 2:X≧1 Formula 3: Y≧0.01 Formula 4:X×Y<9000

[0047] The method for preventing a decrease in fruit yield of a solanaceous plant of this embodiment can be carried out in the same manner as the above-mentioned method for producing a solanaceous plant. The method for preventing a decrease in fruit yield of a solanaceous plant of this embodiment further includes a cultivation management work step of performing cultivation management work for the solanaceous plant, and the fruit yield reduction prevention work step may be performed at the same time as the cultivation management work step.

[0048] The method for preventing a decrease in fruit yield of a solanaceous plant of this embodiment, like the method for producing a solanaceous plant described above, includes determining the irradiance X (W / m ) of the solanaceous plant from information on the moving speed of a light source that irradiates the solanaceous plant with near-infrared light and information on the length of the light source in the moving direction. 2 ) can be adjusted to satisfy the condition of Equation 4: X×Y<9000.

[0049] In the method for preventing a decrease in fruit yield of a solanaceous plant of this embodiment, similarly to the method for producing a solanaceous plant described above, when the moving speed of the light source irradiating the solanaceous plant with near-infrared light becomes zero, the integrated light intensity calculated from the integrated value of X × Y becomes 9000 W s / m 2 Before this occurs, the irradiation of the near-infrared light may be stopped.

[0050] <<Fruit yield reduction prevention device>> The fruit yield reduction prevention device of this embodiment includes a near-infrared light irradiation means for irradiating a solanaceous plant under cultivation with near-infrared light having a wavelength of 800 to 1000 nm; The irradiance of the near-infrared light X (W / m 2 ) and irradiation time Y (s) satisfy all of the disease control conditions of the following formulas 1 to 3 and the condition of the following formula 4. A near-infrared light radiation amount adjusting means; Equipped with.

[0051] Formula 1:644893X -1.873 ≧Y≧5901.9X -1.856 Formula 2:X≧1 Formula 3: Y≧0.01 Formula 4:X×Y<9000

[0052] In the fruit yield reduction prevention device of this embodiment, the near-infrared light irradiating means is not limited as long as it is a light source that irradiates the solanaceous plant under cultivation with near-infrared light having a wavelength of 800 to 1000 nm. The near-infrared light irradiating means may be a light source that irradiates only near-infrared light, or a light source that irradiates near-infrared light together with visible light. Examples of light sources that irradiate near-infrared light together with visible light include a light source that combines a white light irradiating light source and a near-infrared light irradiating light source, and other light sources that can irradiate both white light and near-infrared light from a single light source. Specifically, for example, by using a light source that combines a white LED and a near-infrared LED, the irradiated area of near-infrared light can be visualized.

[0053] According to the fruit yield reduction prevention device of this embodiment, the near-infrared light irradiation means irradiates the solanaceous plant under cultivation with near-infrared light having a wavelength of 800 to 1000 nm, and the near-infrared light radiation amount adjustment means adjusts the irradiance X (W / m 2 By appropriately adjusting either or both of the irradiance and the irradiation time Y(s) so that the irradiance Y(s) satisfies all of the disease control conditions in the above formulas 1 to 3 and the condition in the above formula 4, it is possible to effectively prevent a decrease in fruit yield of solanaceous plants.

[0054] An embodiment of the device for preventing a decrease in fruit yield of a solanaceous plant is, for example, a device including a light source that irradiates a solanaceous plant under cultivation with near-infrared light having a wavelength set within a wavelength range of 800 to 1000 nm, and a light source that irradiates the solanaceous plant ... 2 ) is X and the irradiation time (s) is Y, and a near-infrared light radiation amount adjusting means is provided for adjusting at least one of the irradiance and irradiation time of the near-infrared light irradiated from the light source so as to satisfy all of the disease control conditions of the above formulas 1 to 3 and the condition of the above formula 4, and based roughly on the condition expressed by "X × Y = 8500."

[0055] Furthermore, as another embodiment, a light source that irradiates a solanaceous plant under cultivation with near-infrared light having a wavelength set within a wavelength range of 800 to 1000 nm, and ...2 ) is X and the irradiation time (s) is Y, so that all of the disease control conditions of the above formulas 1 to 3 and the condition of the above formula 4 are satisfied, and "Y = 5901.9X -1.856 and a near-infrared light radiation amount adjusting means that can adjust at least one of the irradiance or irradiation time of the near-infrared light irradiated from the light source based roughly on the conditions expressed in ".

[0056] The near-infrared light radiation amount adjusting means capable of adjusting either or both of the irradiance and irradiation time of near-infrared light can be made to be capable of adjusting either or both of the irradiance and irradiation time by automatic control by incorporating a general control means. For example, if the near-infrared light radiation amount adjusting means is configured so that the irradiance can be adjusted by automatic control in response to fluctuations in the irradiation time of near-infrared light, the device for preventing a decrease in fruit yield of solanaceous plants can be an apparatus that can irradiate an appropriate amount of light without over-irradiating or under-irradiating, even in situations where, for example, an operator who irradiates plants cultivated in a field with near-infrared light is unfamiliar with the irradiation process and is unable to pay attention to the irradiation time, which is desirable.

[0057] The fruit yield reduction prevention device of this embodiment may further include a cultivation management operation means for performing cultivation management operations for the solanaceous plants, and the near-infrared light irradiation means and the near-infrared light radiation amount adjustment means may be mounted on the cultivation management operation means.

[0058] In this embodiment of the fruit yield reduction prevention device, the near-infrared light irradiation means may be a light source that irradiates near-infrared light having a wavelength of 800 to 1000 nm, and the cultivation management work means may be a cultivation management work cart equipped with the light source.

[0059] In the fruit yield reduction prevention device of this embodiment, the near-infrared light radiation amount adjusting means acquires information on the moving speed of the near-infrared light irradiating means relative to the solanaceous plant and information on the length of the near-infrared light irradiating means in the moving direction, and calculates the irradiance X (W / m 2 ) can be adjusted to satisfy the condition of Equation 4: X×Y<9000.

[0060] In the fruit yield reduction prevention device of this embodiment, the near-infrared light radiation amount adjusting means adjusts the integrated light amount calculated from the integrated value of X×Y to 9000 W·s / m when the moving speed of the near-infrared light irradiating means relative to the solanaceous plant becomes zero. 2 The device may have a function of stopping the irradiation of the near-infrared light irradiation means before the temperature reaches the above level.

[0061] An example of a fruit yield reduction prevention device according to the present embodiment will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawings used in the following description may show characteristic parts enlarged for ease of understanding, and the dimensional proportions of each component may not necessarily be the same as in reality. The present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0062] Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the side of the fruit yield reduction prevention device 1 of this embodiment in the traveling direction. Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the back of the fruit yield reduction prevention device 1 of this embodiment in the traveling direction, and showing a state in which near-infrared light is irradiated onto a plant body. The fruit yield reduction prevention device 1 in FIGS. 1 and 2 includes a light source 11 as near-infrared light irradiation means for irradiating a solanaceous plant under cultivation with near-infrared light having a wavelength of 800 to 1000 nm, and a light source 12 as a light source for irradiating a solanaceous plant under cultivation with near-infrared light having a wavelength of 800 to 1000 nm. 2 The control unit 14 functions as a near-infrared light radiation amount adjusting means for adjusting at least one of the irradiance or the irradiation time so that the irradiance Y(s) and the irradiation time Y(s) satisfy all of the disease control conditions of Equations 1 to 3 and the condition of Equation 4.

[0063] The fruit yield reduction prevention device 1 further includes a cultivation management work cart 13, a support board 12 that is erected on the top surface of the cultivation management work cart 13 and supports the light source 11 facing leftward, a work seat 20 that is attached to the cultivation management work cart 13 and has a seat 21 that allows the operator to sit behind the support board 12 facing leftward, and four wheels 17 that are attached to the four corners of the bottom of the cultivation management work cart 13 via axles 19. On both sides of the seat 21, handrails 22, a driving operation unit 24, and a main switch 25 are erected from the cultivation management work cart 13. The fruit yield reduction prevention device 1 allows an operator to sit on the seat 21 and perform cultivation management work by self-propelling, sequentially irradiating near-infrared light onto a large number of solanaceae plants planted in rows.

[0064] Inside the cultivation management work cart 13, there is a control unit 14 that automatically controls the irradiance of the near-infrared light emitted from the light source 11, a vehicle speed sensor 18 that measures the movement speed of the fruit yield reduction prevention device 1 based on the rotation speed of the axle 19, and a power supply unit 15 consisting of a lithium-ion secondary battery that supplies electricity to the light source 11, the control unit 14, and the vehicle speed sensor 18.

[0065] A number of near-infrared LEDs are arranged in a row on the surface of the light source 11, so that near-infrared light with a central wavelength of 850 nm can be emitted to the right. The length of the light source 11 in the moving direction is L (cm). The light source 11 emits near-infrared light at a radiance (W / m 2 ) is irradiated at a position approximately at the center of the entire plant body T1 with an intensity that satisfies all of the disease control conditions of the following formulas 1 to 3 and the condition of the following formula 4, where X is the irradiance and Y is the irradiation time (s). Formula 1:644893X -1.873 ≧Y≧5901.9X -1.856 Formula 2:X≧1 Formula 3: Y≧0.01 Formula 4:X×Y<9000

[0066] In order to make the light source 11 irradiate near-infrared light at the above-mentioned intensity, the control unit 14, which serves as near-infrared light radiation amount adjusting means, acquires in advance the length L of the light source 11 in the moving direction, and controls the control unit 14 to automatically adjust the irradiance of the near-infrared light irradiated from the light source 11 in response to fluctuations in the moving speed of the fruit yield reduction prevention device 1 measured by the vehicle speed sensor 18 so as to satisfy all of the disease control conditions of the above-mentioned formulas 1 to 3 and the condition of the above-mentioned formula 4. Furthermore, the control unit 14 controls the integrated light amount calculated from the integrated value of X×Y to be 9000 W·s / m when the moving speed of the fruit yield reduction prevention device 1 for solanaceous plants becomes zero. 2 Before this happens, the light source 11 stops emitting light.

[0067] The method of irradiating near-infrared light onto a large number of plant bodies T1 planted in rows using the device 1 for preventing a decrease in fruit yield is as follows. First, from among the many plant bodies T1 planted in rows, one plant body T1 closest to the fruit yield reduction prevention device 1 placed at the location where irradiation work and cultivation management work will begin is selected, and the distance D1 between the approximate center position of the entire plant body T1 and the approximate center position of the light source 11 of the fruit yield reduction prevention device 1 is measured.

[0068] Next, the measured value of the distance D1 is input to the control unit 14. Then, the control unit 14 calculates the intensity of the near-infrared light emitted from the light source 11 as its irradiance (W / m 2 ) is calculated and set at approximately the center of the entire plant body T1 as an intensity that satisfies all of the disease control conditions of Equations 1 to 3 above and the condition of Equation 4, when the irradiance is X and the irradiation time (s) is Y.

[0069] The operator then sits in the seat 21 and turns on the main switch 25, causing the cultivation management work cart 13 to begin self-propelled along the cultivation lane, and the light source 11 turns on, commencing cultivation management work and near-infrared light irradiation. While maintaining the distance D1 as much as possible, the fruit yield reduction prevention device 1 is moved forward along the row of plants T1 at a speed V, thereby performing irradiation work on multiple plants T1 in succession, and the operator performs cultivation management work on the adjacent plant T2 that has been irradiated with near-infrared light. Here, the speed V of the fruit yield reduction prevention device 1 is the same as the speed V of the light source 11. The operator can adjust or stop the speed V of the fruit yield reduction prevention device 1 by operating the operation unit 24 to suit the cultivation management work. Then, the vehicle speed sensor 18 measures the moving speed of the fruit yield reduction prevention device 1, and based on the measured value, the control unit 14 automatically determines the intensity of the near-infrared light to be irradiated from the light source 11 so as to satisfy all of the disease control conditions of Equations 1 to 3 and the condition of Equation 4. When the moving speed of the fruit yield reduction prevention device 1 fluctuates, the intensity of the irradiated near-infrared light is also immediately changed. Generally, when the moving speed of the fruit yield reduction prevention device 1 decreases, the irradiated near-infrared light is weakened, and conversely, when the moving speed increases, the irradiated near-infrared light is strengthened. In particular, when the moving speed of the light source irradiating the near-infrared light on the solanaceous plant becomes zero, the integrated light amount calculated from the integrated value of X×Y is 9000 W·s / m 2 Before this occurs, the irradiation of the near-infrared light is stopped. Finally, when the irradiation of the plurality of plants T1 arranged in a row with near-infrared light is completed, the light source 11 is turned off.

[0070] According to the fruit yield reduction prevention device 1, the fruit yield reduction prevention process is performed simultaneously with the cultivation management process typically performed at production sites, eliminating the need for additional manpower and facilitating implementation. Because cultivation management processes are not necessarily performed at a constant speed, there has traditionally been a risk of excessive light exposure when performing cultivation management and disease control using light irradiation simultaneously. In other words, if cultivation management is performed in a specific location for a long period of time, excessive light exposure occurs in that location. The fruit yield reduction prevention device 1 automatically adjusts the irradiance in response to fluctuations in the movement speed of the fruit yield reduction prevention device 1, i.e., fluctuations in the irradiation time of near-infrared light emitted from the light source 11. Therefore, even in situations where, for example, an operator is unfamiliar with cultivation management and is unable to pay attention to the irradiation time, the appropriate amount of irradiation can be achieved without over- or under-irradiation, thereby effectively preventing a decline in fruit yield of solanaceous plants. In the fruit yield reduction prevention device 1, an example of a fruit yield reduction prevention device in which a light source and a work seat are mounted on a self-propelled cultivation management work cart has been described, but the fruit yield reduction prevention device according to the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the work seat may not be required, and a form in which the worker stands on the cultivation management work cart and performs cultivation management work may be adopted. [Example]

[0071] The present invention will be explained in more detail using examples and comparative examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples in any way.

[0072] [Test 1: Effects of excessive near-infrared light on tomatoes] For the following test varieties of tomatoes, three test plots with different irradiation times were set up, and three fixed plant bodies in each test plot were grown for the following implementation period. Implementation period: December 2022 to February 2023 Test location: Test glass greenhouse owned by Kagome Co., Ltd. (Tochigi Prefecture) Test variety: Medium-sized tomato (KGM184) developed by Kagome Co., Ltd. 3 test areas Test area A: Near-infrared light was irradiated once, with the irradiation time per plant being 1 second. Test group B: Near-infrared light was irradiated once for 10 seconds per plant. Test area C: Near-infrared light was irradiated once for 30 seconds per plant.

[0073] [Test method] Near-infrared light irradiation treatment was carried out once a week in test plots A, B, and C using the handy LED irradiation device described below. Growth surveys were conducted every two weeks to check the cumulative number of fruits set. [Handy LED irradiation device] The light source panel has an effective irradiation area of 140 x 70 mm and is equipped with 200 LEDs (Ushio Inc., "L850-04UP") with a peak wavelength around 850 nm. [Irradiation conditions] The irradiance is 300W / m 2 The radiation position was the third expanded leaf below the growth point, and the distance between the light source and the object to be irradiated was 1 cm. [Calculation method for cumulative fruit number] Every Tuesday was the survey day, and newly set fruits on the survey day were marked, and the number of newly set fruits was counted for each plant each week. The number of new fruits each week was accumulated, and the average cumulative number of fruits in each test plot was calculated.

[0074] 〔result〕 The results of the cumulative fruit set survey conducted on February 7, 2023 are shown in Table 1.

[0075] [Table 1]

[0076] In experimental plot C, the cumulative number of fruits was lower than in experimental plots A and B. From this, the irradiance is 300W / m 2 Irradiation for more than 30 seconds at 9000W·s / m² is likely to have a negative effect on the number of fruits set. 2It was found that the adverse effects on fruit set could be avoided by stopping irradiation before this level was reached.

[0077] [Test 2: Verification in actual tomato production] For the following test varieties of tomatoes, two test plots were set up: a near-infrared light irradiation plot and a control plot (non-irradiation plot), and 16 rows in each test plot were grown for the following implementation period. Implementation period: March 2023 to June 2023 Test location: Shimanto Mihara Vegetable Garden, Shimanto Farm, 1 greenhouse Test variety: Medium-sized tomato variety for eating fresh (non-branded variety)

[0078] [Test method] Once every two weeks, a small near-infrared light irradiation device was attached to a lifting work platform in the near-infrared light irradiation area, and the tomato plants were irradiated while cultivation management work was carried out. The width (length in the direction of movement) of the light source panel of the near-infrared light irradiation device was 20 cm. The degree of disease occurrence was checked periodically, and the number of new fruits and A-grade yield were investigated. Here, A-grade refers to fruits of a quality deemed suitable for sale in the market.

[0079] [Irradiation conditions] One worker was fixed as the treatment worker, and near-infrared light with a central wavelength of 850 nm emitted from a light source (LED) was irradiated during the truss support installation work. The irradiation range was set to fully expanded leaves 20-40 cm below the growth point. When the light source moved at the same speed as the work (8 m / min ≒ 13 cm / s), it took 1.5 seconds to pass a certain point on the tomato plant. The irradiance was set to 250 W / m 2 and the irradiance x radiation time is set to 9000W·s / m 2 The irradiation was carried out so as not to exceed .

[0080] 〔result〕 The number of new fruits was investigated from March 20th to May 8th, 2023, and the A-grade yield was investigated from April 3rd to June 19th. The results are shown in Table 2 as the cumulative number of fruits from March 20th to May 8th and the cumulative A-grade yield from April 3rd to June 19th.

[0081] [Table 2]

[0082] The cumulative fruit number and cumulative A-grade yield were higher in the near-infrared light irradiation area than in the control area (non-irradiated area). The cumulative A-grade yield was also higher in the near-infrared light irradiation area than in the control area. The disease severity in the near-infrared light irradiation area was significantly lower than that in the control area. No differences in growth or fruit quality were observed between the test areas. [Industrial Applicability]

[0083] The method for producing solanaceous plants, the method for preventing a decrease in fruit yield of solanaceous plants, and the device for preventing a decrease in fruit yield of solanaceous plants of the present invention can effectively prevent a decrease in fruit yield of solanaceous plants, and therefore can be used in the cultivation of solanaceous plants. [Explanation of symbols]

[0084] 1...Fruit yield reduction prevention device 11...Light source 12...Support board 13…Cultivation management work trolley 14...Control unit 15...Power supply section 17...Wheel 18...Vehicle speed sensor 19...Axle 20...Work seat 21...Seat 22...Handrail 24...Operation control unit 25...Main switch L: Length in the direction of light source movement V: Light source movement speed T1...Plant (Solanaceae plant)

Claims

1. Near-infrared light containing wavelengths of 800 to 1000 nm is applied to cultivated solanaceous plants at an irradiance of X (W / m ２ and the irradiation time Y(s) satisfies all of the disease control conditions of the following formulas 1 to 3, and the condition of the following formula 4 in a single irradiation of the near-infrared light during the cultivation period. Formula 1: 644893X －１．８７３ ≧Y≧5901.9X －１．８５６ Formula 2: X≧1 Formula 3: Y≧0.01 Formula 4: X×Y<9000

2. Further, the method includes a cultivation management step of performing cultivation management work for the solanaceous plant, 2. The method for producing a solanaceous plant according to claim 1, wherein the step of preventing a decrease in fruit yield is carried out simultaneously with the step of cultivation management.

3. The irradiance X (W / m) of the solanaceous plant is calculated from information on the moving speed of the light source that irradiates the solanaceous plant with the near-infrared light and information on the length of the light source in the moving direction. ２ 3. The method for producing a Solanaceae plant according to claim 1 or 2, wherein X×Y is adjusted so as to satisfy the condition of formula 4: X×Y<9000.

4. When the moving speed of the light source irradiating the solanaceous plant with the near-infrared light becomes zero, the integrated light amount calculated from the integrated value of X × Y is 9000 W·s / m ２ The method for producing a solanaceous plant according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the irradiation of the near-infrared light is stopped before the temperature reaches or exceeds the temperature.

5. Near-infrared light containing wavelengths of 800 to 1000 nm is applied to cultivated solanaceous plants. Irradiance X (W / m ２ ) and irradiation time Y(s) satisfy all of the disease control conditions of the following formulas 1 to 3, and the condition of the following formula 4 in a single irradiation of near-infrared light during a cultivation period. Formula 1: 644893X －１．８７３ ≧Y≧5901.9X －１．８５６ Formula 2: X≧1 Formula 3: Y≧0.01 Formula 4: X×Y<9000

6. a near-infrared light irradiation means for irradiating a solanaceous plant under cultivation with near-infrared light having a wavelength of 800 to 1000 nm; The irradiance X (W / m ２ a near-infrared light radiation amount adjusting means for adjusting at least one of the irradiance and the irradiation time so that the irradiance and the irradiation time Y(s) satisfy all of the disease control conditions of the following formulas 1 to 3 and the condition of the following formula 4 in one irradiation of the near-infrared light during the cultivation period; A device for preventing a decrease in fruit yield of solanaceous plants. Formula 1: 644893X －１．８７３ ≧Y≧5901.9X －１．８５６ Formula 2: X≧1 Formula 3: Y≧0.01 Formula 4: X×Y<9000

7. Further, a cultivation management operation means for performing cultivation management operations for the solanaceous plant is provided, 7. The fruit yield reduction prevention device according to claim 6, wherein the near-infrared light irradiating means and the near-infrared light radiation amount adjusting means are mounted on the cultivation management work means.

8. The near-infrared light irradiation means is a light source that irradiates near-infrared light having a wavelength of 800 to 1000 nm, and the cultivation management work means is a cultivation management work cart equipped with the light source. A fruit yield reduction prevention device as described in claim 7.

9. The near-infrared light radiation amount adjusting means acquires information on the moving speed of the near-infrared light irradiating means relative to the solanaceous plant and information on the length of the near-infrared light irradiating means in the moving direction, and adjusts the irradiance X (W / m) relative to the solanaceous plant from the information on the moving speed and the information on the length in the moving direction. ２ 8. The device for preventing a decrease in fruit yield according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the ratio X×Y is adjusted to satisfy the condition of formula 4: X×Y<9000.

10. When the moving speed of the near-infrared light irradiating means relative to the solanaceous plant becomes zero, the near-infrared light radiation amount adjusting means adjusts the integrated light amount calculated from the integrated value of X×Y to 9000 W·s / m ２ The device for preventing a decrease in fruit yield according to claim 6 or 7, further comprising a function of stopping the irradiation of the near-infrared light irradiating means before the above-mentioned condition is reached.

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