Quality of Service Flow Selection for Multi-Access Data Connections

Abstract

An apparatus, method, and system for quality of service flow selection for a multi-access data connection is disclosed. An apparatus 500 includes a first interface 540 that communicates (605) with a mobile communication network via a first access network. The apparatus 500 includes a second interface 540 that communicates (610) with a mobile communication network via a second access network. The apparatus 500 includes a processor 505 that transmits (615) a request message including a first capability indicating that the apparatus supports QoS per-flow measurement. The processor 505 receives (620) a response message including a first indicator, the first indicator being provided in response to the inclusion of the first capability in the request message. The processor 505 transmits (625) a performance measurement capability message to measure a first performance parameter of the first service data flow.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The subject matter disclosed herein relates generally to wireless communications, and more particularly to quality of service flow selection for multi-access data connections. [Background technology]

[0002] Certain wireless systems support a feature called a multi-access data connection (e.g., a multi-access PDU (“MA PDU”) session) between a UE and a UPF, and policy-controlled routing of the MA PDU session traffic through two access networks. Essentially, an MA PDU session is a data connection between a UE and a UPF that can transfer data traffic of a service data flow (“SDF”) (e.g., application data traffic) by using both a 3GPP access network (e.g., NR access or E-UTRA access) and a non-3GPP access network (e.g., Wi-Fi or wired access) by applying multi-access rules (e.g., Access Traffic Steering, Switching and Splitting (“ATSSS”) rules in the UE and the UPF, respectively, and N4 rules. Summary of the Invention [Means for solving the problem]

[0003] A method for quality of service flow selection for a multi-access data connection is disclosed. Apparatus and systems also perform the functions of the method.

[0004] One method for quality of service flow selection for a multi-access data connection in a UE includes communicating with a mobile communications network through a first access network using a first interface of the user equipment. The method also includes communicating with the mobile communications network through a second access network using a second interface of the user equipment. The method includes transmitting a request message including a first capability indicating that the device supports quality of service per-flow measurement. The method also includes receiving a response message including a first indicator, the first indicator being provided in response to the inclusion of the first capability in the request message, the response message establishing a multi-access data connection supporting communication via the first access network and the second access network, the multi-access data connection supporting multiple quality of service flows including a default quality of service flow. The method includes a step of transmitting a performance measurement function message to measure a first performance parameter of a first service data flow, the first service data flow being transmitted on a target quality of service flow from a plurality of quality of service flows of a multi-access data connection, wherein the performance measurement function message is transmitted on the target quality of service flow of the multi-access data connection in response to a first indicator including a first value, and the performance measurement function message is transmitted on a default quality of service flow of the multi-access data connection in response to a first indicator including a second value.

[0005] One method of an SMF for quality of service flow selection for a multi-access data connection includes communicating with multiple network functions and a user equipment in a mobile communications network using an interface. The method includes receiving a request message from the user equipment including a first capability, the request message requesting a multi-access data connection supporting communication via a first access network and a second access network. The method includes determining whether the user equipment supports per-flow quality of service measurement based on the first capability. In response to determining that the user equipment supports per-flow quality of service measurement, the method includes selecting a user plane function; sending a session establishment request message to the user plane function including a second indicator, the second indicator indicating whether the user plane function shall perform per-flow quality of service measurement over the multi-access data connection; and sending a response message to the user equipment including the first indicator, the response message establishing the multi-access data connection, the first indicator indicating that the user equipment shall perform per-flow quality of service measurement over the multi-access data connection.

[0006] A more particular description of the above-briefly described embodiments will be made by reference to specific embodiments that are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which the embodiments will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail through the use of the accompanying drawings, with the understanding that these drawings illustrate only some embodiments and therefore should not be considered limiting in scope. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0007] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment of a wireless communication system for quality of service flow selection for a multi-access data connection. [Figure 2]FIG. 1 illustrates one embodiment of a network deployment for quality of service flow selection for multi-access data connections. [Figure 3] FIG. 1 is a signal flow diagram illustrating one embodiment of a procedure for quality of service flow selection for a multi-access data connection. [Figure 4] 1 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a user equipment device for quality of service flow selection for a multi-access data connection. [Figure 5] 1 is a block diagram illustrating one embodiment of a network equipment device for quality of service flow selection for multi-access data connections. [Figure 6] FIG. 2 is a flow chart diagram illustrating one embodiment of a first method for quality of service flow selection for a multi-access data connection. [Figure 7] FIG. 10 is a flow chart diagram illustrating one embodiment of a second method for quality of service flow selection for a multi-access data connection. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0008] As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, aspects of the embodiments may be embodied as a system, apparatus, method, or program product. Accordingly, the embodiments may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment (including firmware, resident software, microcode, etc.) or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects.

[0009] For example, the disclosed embodiments may be implemented as a hardware circuit comprising custom very-large-scale integration ("VLSI") circuits or off-the-shelf semiconductors such as gate arrays, logic chips, transistors, or other discrete components. The disclosed embodiments may also be implemented in programmable hardware devices such as field programmable gate arrays, programmable array logic, programmable logic devices, etc. As another example, the disclosed embodiments may include one or more physical or logical blocks of executable code which may be organized as, for example, objects, procedures, or functions.

[0010] Furthermore, embodiments may take the form of a program product embodied in one or more computer-readable storage devices storing machine-readable code, computer-readable code, and / or program code, hereinafter referred to as code. The storage devices may be tangible, non-transitory, and / or non-transmittable. The storage devices may not embody signals. In certain embodiments, the storage devices use only signals to access the code.

[0011] Any combination of one or more computer-readable mediums may be utilized. The computer-readable medium may be a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium may be a storage device that stores code. The storage device may be, for example, but is not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, holographic, micromechanical, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination thereof.

[0012] More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of storage devices include an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, random-access memory ("RAM"), read-only memory ("ROM"), erasable programmable read-only memory ("EPROM" or flash memory), a portable compact disc read-only memory ("CD-ROM"), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. In the context of this specification, a computer-readable storage medium may be any tangible medium that contains or is capable of storing a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

[0013] References throughout this specification to "one embodiment," "an embodiment," or similar language mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. Thus, appearances of the phrases "in one embodiment," "in an embodiment," and similar language throughout this specification may, but do not necessarily, all refer to the same embodiment and mean "one or more, but not all, embodiments" unless otherwise specified. The terms "including," "comprising," and "having," and variations thereof, mean "including but not limited to," unless otherwise specified. An enumerated list of items does not imply that any or all of the items are mutually exclusive unless otherwise specified. The terms "a," "an," and "the" also refer to "one or more," unless otherwise specified.

[0014] As used herein, a list with the conjunction "and / or" includes any single item in the list or combination of items in the list. For example, a list of A, B, and / or C includes A only, B only, C only, a combination of A and B, a combination of B and C, a combination of A and C, or a combination of A, B, and C. As used herein, a list using the term "one or more of" includes any single item in the list or combination of items in the list. For example, one or more of A, B, and C includes A only, B only, C only, a combination of A and B, a combination of B and C, a combination of A and C, or a combination of A, B, and C. As used herein, a list using the term "one of" includes only one of any single item in the list. For example, "one of A, B, and C" includes A only, B only, or C only, but not A, B, and C. As used herein, "a member selected from the group consisting of A, B, and C" includes only one of A, B, or C, and does not include the combination of A, B, and C. As used herein, "a member selected from the group consisting of A, B, and C and combinations thereof" includes A only, B only, C only, the combination of A and B, the combination of B and C, the combination of A and C, or the combination of A, B, and C.

[0015] Furthermore, the described functions, structures, or features of the embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner. In the following description, numerous specific details are provided, such as examples of programming, software modules, user selections, network transactions, database queries, database structures, hardware modules, hardware circuits, hardware chips, etc., to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments. However, one skilled in the art will recognize that the embodiments may be practiced without one or more of the specific details, or with other methods, components, materials, etc. In other instances, well-known structures, materials, or operations have not been shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring aspects of the embodiments.

[0016] Aspects of the embodiments are described below with reference to schematic flowchart illustrations and / or schematic block diagrams of methods, apparatus, systems, and program products according to the embodiments. It will be understood that each block of the schematic flowchart illustrations and / or schematic block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the schematic flowchart illustrations and / or schematic block diagrams, can be implemented by code. This code may be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to generate a machine, such that the instructions, executed via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions / acts specified in the schematic flowchart illustrations and / or schematic block diagrams.

[0017] The code may also be stored in a storage device that can direct a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored on the storage device create a product including instructions that implement the functions / acts specified in the schematic flowchart illustrations and / or schematic block diagrams.

[0018] The code may also be loaded into a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other device to cause the computer, other programmable apparatus, or other device to perform a series of operational steps to create a computer-implemented process, such that the code executing on the computer or other programmable apparatus provides a process for implementing the functions / acts specified in the schematic flowchart diagrams and / or schematic block diagrams.

[0019] The schematic flowchart diagrams and / or block diagrams in the Figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of apparatus, systems, methods, and program products according to various embodiments. In this regard, each block in the schematic flowchart diagrams and / or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of code, which comprises one or more executable instructions of code for implementing a specified logical function(s).

[0020] It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the blocks may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be performed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be performed in the reverse order, depending on the functionality involved. Other steps and methods may be conceived that are equivalent in function, logic, or effect to one or more blocks, or portions thereof, of the illustrated figures.

[0021] The description of an element in each drawing may refer to the element in a previous drawing. Like numbers refer to like elements in all drawings, including alternative embodiments of like elements.

[0022] A method, apparatus, and system are disclosed for quality of service flow selection for a multi-access data connection. The 3GPP specifications in Rel-16 define a function called a multi-access data connection (e.g., a multi-access PDU ("MA PDU") session) between a user equipment ("UE") and a user plane function ("UPF"), and policy-controlled routing of MA PDU session traffic over two access networks. Essentially, an MA PDU session is a data connection between a UE and a UPF that can transfer data traffic of a service data flow ("SDF") (e.g., application data traffic) by using both a third generation partnership project ("3GPP") access network (e.g., new radio ("NR") access or evolved universal mobile telecommunications system ("UMTS") terrestrial radio access ("E-UTRA") access) and a non-3GPP access network (e.g., Wi-Fi or wired access) by applying multi-access rules (e.g., access traffic steering, switching, and splitting ("ATSSS") rules and N4 rules in the UE and the UPF, respectively).

[0023] A multi-access rule may indicate that the data traffic of the SDF should be sent via the access with the lowest latency or via the access with the lowest packet loss rate. To enforce such a multi-access rule, the UE and UPF need to perform measurements across both accesses to determine which access has the lowest latency or packet loss rate and steer the data traffic of the SDF accordingly. Such measurements are made possible by a performance measurement function (PMF) protocol (PMFP) running on the UE and UPF. To measure the latency of one access type, the UE sends a PMF echo request message to the UPF via this access type, and the UPF responds with a PMF echo response message via the same access type.

[0024] PMF messages in Rel-16 are always sent on the default quality of service (QoS) flow of a multi-access data connection (e.g., either on the default QoS flow over a non-3GPP access or on the default QoS flow over a 3GPP access). A multi-access data connection typically has multiple QoS flows, each supporting data transmission with different QoS parameters.

[0025] To improve the measurement accuracy of the SDF, both the UE and the UPF need to send PMF messages on the target QoS flows (e.g., on the QoS flows over which the SDF data traffic is transmitted). For example, if the UE wants to determine the access type of SDF-1 that is mapped (by QoS rules) to QoS flow 1, the UE needs to perform measurements by sending PMF messages on QoS flow 1 over both accesses. Similarly, if the UE wants to determine the access type of SDF-2 that is mapped (by QoS rules) to QoS flow 2, the UE needs to perform measurements by sending PMF messages on QoS flow 2 over both accesses. This ability to send PMF messages on different QoS flows (as opposed to sending PMF messages only on the default QoS flow) is called "per-QoS flow measurements."

[0026] Before starting per QoS flow measurements, the UE needs to know whether the UPF can support per QoS flow measurements, and the UPF also needs to know whether the UE can support per QoS flow measurements. If at least one of the UE and the UPF cannot support per QoS flow measurements, the measurements should be performed for the default QoS flow.

[0027] To overcome these limitations and improve performance, the present disclosure specifies a new function that enables the UE and UPF to decide, after an MA PDU session is established, whether per-QoS flow measurements should be performed or whether measurements should be performed for the default QoS flow.

[0028] 1 illustrates a wireless communication system 100 for performing measurements on QoS flows in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. In one embodiment, the wireless communication system 100 includes at least one remote unit 105 (having multi-access rules 108 and QoS rules 110), a fifth-generation radio access network (5G-RAN) 115, and a mobile core network 140. The 5G-RAN 115 and the mobile core network 140 form a mobile communication network. The 5G-RAN 115 may be comprised of a 3GPP access network 120 including at least one cellular base unit 121 and / or a non-3GPP access network 130 including at least one access point 131. The remote unit communicates with the 3GPP access network 120 using a 3GPP communication link 123 and with the non-3GPP access network 130 using a non-3GPP communication link 133. Although a particular number of remote units 105, 3GPP access networks 120, cellular base units 121, 3GPP communication links 123, non-3GPP access networks 130, access points 131, non-3GPP communication links 133, and mobile core networks 140 are shown in FIG. 1 , those skilled in the art will recognize that any number of remote units 105, 3GPP access networks 120, cellular base units 121, 3GPP communication links 123, non-3GPP access networks 130, access points 131, non-3GPP communication links 133, and mobile core networks 140 may be included in wireless communication system 100.

[0029] In one implementation, wireless communication system 100 conforms to the 5G system specified in the 3GPP specifications. However, more generally, wireless communication system 100 may implement some other open or proprietary communication network, such as, for example, long term evolution (“LTE”) or worldwide interoperability for microwave access (“WiMAX”), among other networks. This disclosure is not intended to be limited to any particular wireless communication system architecture or protocol implementation.

[0030] In one embodiment, the remote unit 105 may include a computing device such as a desktop computer, a laptop computer, a personal digital assistant (“PDA”), a tablet computer, a smartphone, a smart television (e.g., a television connected to the Internet), a smart appliance (e.g., an appliance connected to the Internet), a set-top box, a game console, a security system (including surveillance cameras), an in-vehicle computer, a network device (e.g., a router, a switch, a modem), etc. In some embodiments, the remote unit 105 includes a wearable device such as a smart watch, a fitness band, an optical head-mounted display, etc. Additionally, the remote unit 105 may be referred to as a UE, a subscriber unit, a mobile, a mobile station, a user, a terminal, a mobile terminal, a fixed terminal, a subscriber station, a user terminal, a wireless transmit / receive unit (“WTRU”), a device, or by other terms used in the art.

[0031] Remote unit 105 may communicate directly with one or more cellular base units 121 in 3GPP access network 120 via uplink ("UL") and downlink ("DL") communication signals. Additionally, UL and DL communication signals may be carried via 3GPP communication link 123. Similarly, remote unit 105 may communicate with one or more access points 131 in non-3GPP access network 130 via UL and DL communication signals carried via non-3GPP communication link 133. Here, access networks 120 and 130 are intermediate networks that provide remote unit 105 with access to mobile core network 140.

[0032] In some embodiments, the remote unit 105 communicates with the remote host 155 via a network connection with the mobile core network 140. For example, an application (e.g., a web browser, a media client, a telephone / VoIP application) in the remote unit 105 may trigger the remote unit 105 to establish a PDU session (or other data connection (e.g., multi-access data connection 148)) with the mobile core network 140 using the 5G-RAN 115 (e.g., the 3GPP access network 120 and / or the non-3GPP access network 130). The mobile core network 140 then relays traffic between the remote unit 105 and the data network 150 (e.g., the remote host 155) using the PDU session. It should be noted that the remote unit 105 may establish one or more PDU sessions (or other data connections) with the mobile core network 140. Thus, the remote unit 105 may have at least one PDU session for communicating with the data network 150. The remote unit 105 may establish additional PDU sessions for communicating with other data networks and / or other remote hosts.

[0033] Further, the remote unit 105 may establish a multi-access PDU session (i.e., a multi-access data connection) with the mobile core network 140, whereby traffic of the multi-access PDU session is steered through one or both of the 3GPP access network 120 and / or the non-3GPP access network 130 according to steering rules. Furthermore, a user plane connection 125 via 3GPP access may be established via the 3GPP access network 120 to forward traffic of the multi-access PDU session. Similarly, a user plane connection 135 via non-3GPP access may be established via the non-3GPP access network 130 to handle traffic of the multi-access PDU session. Accordingly, the remote unit 105 may be configured with multi-access rules 108 and QoS rules 110 to determine QoS data flows for performing measurements.

[0034] The cellular base units 121 may be distributed throughout a geographic region. In particular embodiments, the cellular base units 121 may also be referred to as access terminals, bases, base stations, Node Bs, eNBs, gNBs, Home Node Bs, relay nodes, devices, or any other terminology used in the art. The cellular base units 121 are generally part of a radio access network ("RAN"), such as the 3GPP access network 120, and may include one or more controllers communicatively coupled to one or more corresponding cellular base units 121. These and other elements of a radio access network are not shown but are generally familiar to those skilled in the art. The cellular base units 121 connect to the mobile core network 140 via the 3GPP access network 120.

[0035] The cellular base unit 121 may serve multiple remote units 105 within a service area, e.g., a cell or cell sector, via a 3GPP communication link 123. The cellular base unit 121 may communicate directly with one or more of the remote units via communication signals. Generally, the cellular base unit 121 transmits DL communication signals to serve the remote units 105 in the time, frequency, and / or spatial domains. Furthermore, the DL communication signals may be carried over the 3GPP communication link 123. The 3GPP communication link 123 may be any suitable carrier in a licensed or unlicensed radio spectrum. The 3GPP communication link 123 facilitates communication between one or more of the remote units 105 and / or one or more of the cellular base units 121.

[0036] The non-3GPP access networks 130 may be distributed across a geographic region. Each non-3GPP access network 130 may serve multiple remote units 105 within its service area. An access point 131 in the non-3GPP access network 130 may communicate directly with one or more remote units 105 by receiving UL communication signals and transmitting DL communication signals to serve the remote units 105 in the time, frequency, and / or spatial domains. Both DL and UL communication signals are carried over non-3GPP communication links 133. The 3GPP communication links 123 and the non-3GPP communication links 133 may use different frequencies and / or different communication protocols. In various embodiments, the access points 131 may communicate using unlicensed radio spectrum. The mobile core network 140 may serve the remote units 105 via the non-3GPP access networks 130, as described in more detail herein.

[0037] In some embodiments, the non-3GPP access network 130 connects to the mobile core network 140 via an interworking function 135. The interworking function 135 provides interworking between the remote unit 105 and the mobile core network 140. In some embodiments, the interworking function 135 is a Non-3GPP Interworking Function (“N3IWF”), and in other embodiments, a Trusted Non-3GPP Gateway Function (“TNGF”). The N3IWF supports the connection of “untrusted” non-3GPP access networks to the mobile core network (e.g., 5GC), and the TNGF supports the connection of “trusted” non-3GPP access networks to the mobile core network. The interworking function 135 supports the connection to the mobile core network 140 via the “N2” and “N3” interfaces and relays “N1” signaling between the remote unit 105 and the AMF 143. Both the 3GPP access network 120 and the interworking function 135 communicate with the AMF 143 using an "N2" interface. The interworking function 135 also communicates with the UPF 141 using an "N3" interface.

[0038] In particular embodiments, the non-3GPP access network 130 may be controlled by the operator of the mobile core network 140 and have direct access to the mobile core network 140. Such non-3GPP AN deployments are referred to as "trusted non-3GPP access networks." A non-3GPP access network 130 is considered "trusted" if it is operated by a 3GPP operator or a trusted partner and supports certain security features such as strong air interface encryption. In contrast, a non-3GPP AN deployment that is not controlled by the operator (or trusted partner) of the mobile core network 140, does not have direct access to the mobile core network 140, or does not support certain security features is referred to as an "untrusted" non-3GPP access network.

[0039] In one embodiment, the mobile core network 140 is a 5G Core ("5GC") or evolved packet core ("EPC") and may be coupled to a data network (e.g., a data network 150 such as the Internet and a private data network, among other data networks). The remote units 105 may have a subscription or other account with the mobile core network 140. Each mobile core network 140 belongs to a single public land mobile network ("PLMN"). This disclosure is not intended to be limited to any particular wireless communications system architecture or protocol implementation.

[0040] The mobile core network 140 includes several network functions (“NFs”). As shown, the mobile core network 140 includes at least one UPF 141 that serves the 3GPP access network 120 and the non-3GPP access network 130. It should be noted that in certain embodiments, the mobile core network may include one or more intermediate UPFs, e.g., a first intermediate UPF that serves the non-3GPP access network 130 and a second intermediate UPF that serves the 3GPP access network 120. In such embodiments, the UPF 141 is an anchor UPF that receives UP traffic for both intermediate UPFs.

[0041] The mobile core network 140 also includes multiple control plane functions, including, but not limited to, an Access and Mobility Management Function (“AMF”) 143, a Session Management Function (“SMF”) 145, a Policy Control Function (“PCF”) 147, and a Unified Data Management function (“UDM”) 149, which serve both the 3GPP access network 120 and the non-3GPP access network 130. In particular embodiments, the mobile core network 140 may also include an Authentication Server Function (“AUSF”), a Network Repository Function (“NRF”) (used by various NFs to discover and communicate with each other via application programming interfaces (“APIs”), or other NFs defined for 5GC. In various embodiments, the mobile core network 140 may include a PMF (not shown) to assist the remote unit 105 and / or the UPF 141 in making performance measurements across the two accesses, including latency measurements. In one embodiment, the PMF may be co-located with the UPF 141.

[0042] In various embodiments, the mobile core network 140 supports different types of mobile data connections and different types of network slices, with each mobile data connection utilizing a specific network slice. Here, a “network slice” refers to a portion of the mobile core network 140 optimized for a particular traffic type or communication service. Each slice may be identified using single network slice selection assistance information (“S-NSSAI”). In certain embodiments, the various network slices may include separate instances of network functions, such as the SMF 145 and the UPF 141. In some embodiments, different network slices may share some common network functions, such as the AMF 143. For ease of explanation, different network slices are not shown in FIG. 1, although their support is assumed.

[0043] 1 illustrates a particular number and type of network functions, those skilled in the art will recognize that any number and type of network functions may be included in the mobile core network 140. Furthermore, if the mobile core network 140 is an EPC, the illustrated network functions may be replaced with appropriate EPC entities, such as a mobility management entity ("MME"), an S-GW, a P-GW, a home subscriber server ("HSS"), etc.

[0044] As shown, a remote unit 105 (e.g., a UE) may connect to a mobile core network (e.g., a 5G mobile communications network) via two types of access: (1) via a 3GPP access network 120 and (2) via a non-3GPP access network 130. The first type of access (e.g., the 3GPP access network 120) uses a 3GPP-defined type of wireless communication (e.g., a next generation radio access network (“NG-RAN”)), and the second type of access (e.g., the non-3GPP access network 130) uses a non-3GPP-defined type of wireless communication (e.g., a WLAN). 5G-RAN 115 refers to any type of 5G access network that can provide access to the mobile core network 140, including the 3GPP access network 120 and the non-3GPP access network 130.

[0045] To determine whether to perform measurements per QoS flow or for a single QoS flow (e.g., a default QoS flow), the remote unit 105 may identify the capabilities of the device to perform measurements and perform functions to perform measurements based on such capabilities.

[0046] 2 illustrates a first network deployment 200 in which data traffic is exchanged between a UE 205 (e.g., an embodiment of a remote unit 105) and a UPF 250 (e.g., an embodiment of a UPF 141) via MA PDU sessions. Essentially, one MA PDU session supports communication over a 3GPP access 225 and another supports communication over a non-3GPP access 227.

[0047] The UE 205 includes an application 210, a PMFP 212, a transmission control protocol ("TCP") 206, a user datagram protocol ("UDP") 207, and an internet protocol ("IP") layer 208. In one embodiment, the application 210 communicates an SDF 231 with the TCP 206. Additionally, in particular embodiments, the PMFP 212 may communicate a first PMF message (e.g., a PMF echo request) 233 (PMF message 1) and / or a second PMF message 229 (PMF message 2) with the UDP 207. When a packet 209 (or, generally, a packet data unit ("PDU")) is generated at the UE 205 and forwarded to the MA PDU session 211 (as shown in FIG. 2), the packet 209 first passes through a QoS flow selection 213 (using QoS rules) and then through an access selection 215 that is performed based on ATSSS rules. During this access selection 215, it is determined whether the packet 209 should be sent to the UPF 250 via the 3GPP interface 221 or via the non-3GPP interface 223 over a multi-access data connection 224. The 3GPP access 225 includes a first QoS flow (QoS Flow 1), a second QoS flow (QoS Flow 2), and a third QoS flow (QoS Flow 3) (default). The default QoS flow may carry all data traffic that is not explicitly steered as a non-default QoS flow. Additionally, the non-3GPP access 227 includes a first QoS flow (QoS Flow 1) (target), a second QoS flow (QoS Flow 2), and a third QoS flow (QoS Flow 3) (default).

[0048] The second PMF message 229 may be communicated over the 3GPP interface 221 via QoS flow 3 (default) of the 3GPP access 225. Additionally, the SDF 231 may be communicated over the non-3GPP interface 223 via QoS flow 1 (target) of the non-3GPP access 227, and the first PMF message 233 may be communicated over the non-3GPP interface 223 via QoS flow 3 (default) of the non-3GPP access 227.

[0049] Note that UPF 250 includes a non-3GPP interface 239 for receiving data transmitted via non-3GPP access 227 and a 3GPP interface 240 for receiving data transmitted via 3GPP access 225. IP packet 209 is delivered to IP layer 247, which delivers the data to upper layers. Specifically, TCP 249 delivers SDF 231 to upper layers 251, and UDP 253 delivers a first PMF message 233 to PMFP 255 (e.g., to UDP port A, IP address abcd) and a second PMF message 229 to PMFP 255 (e.g., to UDP port B). Both PMF messages may be addressed to the IP address of PMFP 255 in UPF (e.g., to IP address abcd), but to different destination ports (e.g., to UDP port A for non-3GPP access and to UDP port B for 3GPP access). After receiving the PMF response message from the UPF 250, the UE 205 may determine that the non-3GPP access capability provides the lowest latency and then determine (based on its multi-access rules, e.g., ATSSS rules) to transmit the SDF data traffic via the non-3GPP access. As can be seen, the SDF data traffic may be transmitted on a non-default QoS flow as indicated by the QoS rules in the UE 205. This may result in measurement inaccuracies because measurements are performed on a QoS flow (default QoS flow) other than the QoS on which the SDF data traffic itself is transmitted (target QoS flow). Because measurements performed on the target QoS rather than the default QoS may yield different results (e.g., the 3GPP access has the lowest latency), the SDF data traffic must be transmitted via the 3GPP access.

[0050] 3 illustrates a quality of service flow selection procedure 300 for a multi-access data connection according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The procedure 300 includes a UE 205, a 5G Access Network (5G-AN) 301, an AMF 303 (e.g., an embodiment of AMF 143), an SMF 305 (e.g., an embodiment of SMF 145), and a UPF 307.

[0051] Referring to FIG. 3, procedure 300 begins at step 1a, where UE 205 sends a UL non-access stratum ("NAS") transport message with an embedded PDU Session Establishment Request message with Request Type=MA PDU Request and including the UE's 205 ATSSS capabilities in a fifth generation session management ("5GSM") Capabilities information element to request the establishment of an MA PDU session (see messaging 311).

[0052] As an example, the ATSSS capability of the UE 205 may indicate the steering functions that the UE 205 supports as defined in TS 23.501 and / or a new first capability indicating that the UE 205 supports QoS per-flow measurements. In step 1b, the UL NAS Transport message is forwarded by the 5G access network to the AMF within a next generation application protocol (“NGAP”) Uplink NAS Transport message (see messaging 313).

[0053] In step 2, based on the Request Type = MA PDU Request, the AMF 303 determines that this is a request for an MA PDU session and selects an SMF 305 that supports MA PDU sessions. The AMF 303 then sends a Create SM Context Request message to the selected SMF 305 containing the received PDU session establishment request, which includes the 5GSM Capability information element (see Messaging 315).

[0054] The SMF performs periodic interactions with the UDM (e.g. to receive the UE's session management ("SM") subscription data and to register itself as the serving SMF for the requested MA PDU session). In step 3, the SMF 305 creates the SM context requested in step 2 and returns a response to the AMF 303 (see Messaging 321).

[0055] In step 4, based on the first capability included in the PDU session establishment request message, the SMF 305 determines that the UE 205 can support per-QoS flow measurements. Then, based on network capabilities and network policies, the SMF 305 determines whether measurements in the MA PDU session are performed per QoS flow or only for the default QoS flow. If the SMF 305 determines that measurements in the MA PDU session are performed only for the default QoS flow, or if the SMF 305 cannot understand the first capability included in the PDU session establishment request message (e.g., because the SMF 305 does not implement the ATSSS extensions defined in Rel-17), the SMF 305 operates as defined in Rel-16 of the ATSSS specification (e.g., establishes the MA PDU session without enabling per-QoS flow measurements). In this case, the UE 205 and the UPF 307 shall perform measurements by sending PMF messages only on the default QoS flow. If the SMF 305 determines that measurements in the MA PDU session are performed per QoS flow, the SMF 305 selects a UPF 307 that can support per QoS flow measurements (if not all UPFs in the mobile core network can support per QoS flow measurements) (see block 323).

[0056] In step 5a, the SMF 305 creates an N4 session, also called a Packet Forwarding Control Protocol ("PFCP") session, with the selected UPF 307. In the PFCP Session Establishment Request message, the SMF 305 includes the multi-access rules (N4 rules) to be applied by the UPF 307 along with other data (e.g., SMF-ID, SMF-Session-ID, etc.) and a new second indicator (e.g., second indicator = apply measurements per QoS flow) that indicates to the UPF 307 to apply per QoS flow measurements (messaging 325).

[0057] In step 5b, the UPF 307 sends a PFCP Session Establishment Response to the SMF 305. The PFCP Session Establishment Response may include the UPF-ID, UPF-Session-ID, etc. (Messaging 327).

[0058] In step 6, based on the second indicator received in step 5a, the UPF 307 is configured to apply per-QoS flow measurements. Thus, whenever measurements need to be performed to determine the access over which DL data traffic of the SDF 305 should be transmitted, the UPF 307 shall transmit a corresponding PMF message on the target QoS flow (e.g., on the QoS flow over which the DL data traffic of the SDF 305 is transmitted) (block 329).

[0059] In step 7, the SMF 305 creates a PDU Session Establishment Accept message for the UE and encapsulates it in an N1N2 Message Transfer Request to be sent to the AMF 303. The PDU Session Establishment Accept includes an ATSSS container containing the QoS rules for the MA PDU session and measurement assistance information including the ATSSS rules and IP addresses and UDP port numbers used by the PMF protocol in the UPF 307. Furthermore, the PDU Session Establishment Accept includes a first indicator that instructs the UE to apply per-QoS flow measurements for the MA PDU session. The first indicator may be included in the measurement assistance information (Messaging 331).

[0060] In step 8, a normal NGAP PDU Session Resource Setup procedure is performed between the AMF 303 and the 5G access network 301. The PDU Session Establishment Accept message is embedded in an NGAP PDU Session Resource Setup Request message (Messaging 333).

[0061] In step 9, a DL NAS transport message including a PDU session establishment accept message is sent to the UE 205. Because the UE 205 receives the ATSSS container (including ATSSS rules and measurement assistance information including the first indicator = apply per-QoS flow measurements), the UE 205 determines that the MA PDU session establishment request has been accepted by the network (messaging 335). The first indicator in the measurement assistance information may be a single indicator indicating to the UE to apply per-QoS flow measurements, or it may be a list of QoS flows indicating to the UE to apply per-QoS flow measurements for each of the QoS flows included in the list.

[0062] In step 10, based on the first indicator received in step 9 (e.g., in the measurement assistance information), the UE 205 is configured to apply per-QoS flow measurements. Thus, whenever measurements need to be performed to determine the access over which the UL data traffic of the SDF should be transmitted, the UE 205 shall transmit a corresponding PMF message on the target QoS flow (e.g., on the QoS flow over which the UL data traffic of the SDF is transmitted) (block 337).

[0063] 4 illustrates an embodiment of a user equipment device 400 that may be used for quality of service flow selection for a multi-access data connection in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. The user equipment device 400 may be an embodiment of the remote unit 105 and / or the UE 205. Additionally, the user equipment device 400 may include a processor 405, a memory 410, an input device 415, an output device 420, and a transceiver 425. In some embodiments, the input device 415 and the output device 420 are combined into a single device, such as a touchscreen. In particular embodiments, the user equipment device 400 does not include any input device 415 and / or output device 420.

[0064] As shown, the transceiver 425 includes at least one transmitter 430 and at least one receiver 435. Here, the transceiver 425 communicates with a mobile core network (e.g., 5GC) via one or more access networks. Furthermore, the transceiver 425 may support at least one network interface 440. Here, the at least one network interface 440 facilitates communication with an eNB or a gNB (e.g., using a "Uu" interface). Furthermore, the at least one network interface 440 may include an interface used for communication with an AMF, an SMF, and / or a UPF.

[0065] In some embodiments, the transceiver 425 comprises a first transceiver for communicating with a mobile communication network via a first access network and a second transceiver for communicating with a mobile communication network via a second access network, while in other embodiments, the transceiver 425 comprises a first functionality (e.g., a modem) for communicating with a mobile communication network via the first access network and a second functionality (e.g., a modem) for communicating with a mobile communication network via the second access network.

[0066] In one embodiment, the processor 405 may include any known controller capable of executing computer-readable instructions and / or performing logical operations. For example, the processor 405 may be a microcontroller, microprocessor, central processing unit ("CPU"), graphics processing unit ("GPU"), auxiliary processing unit, field programmable gate array ("FPGA"), or similar programmable controller. In some embodiments, the processor 405 executes instructions stored in the memory 410 to perform the methods and routines described herein. The processor 405 is communicatively coupled to the memory 410, the input device 415, the output device 420, and the first transceiver 425.

[0067] In various embodiments, the processor 405 transmits a request message including a first capability indicating that the device supports quality of service per-flow measurements.

[0068] The processor 405 receives a response message including a first indicator, the first indicator being provided in response to the inclusion of the first capability in the request message, the response message establishing a multi-access data connection supporting communication via the first access network and the second access network, the multi-access data connection supporting multiple quality of service flows including a default quality of service flow. The first indicator may be in the measurement assistance information and may be a single indicator indicating to the UE that per-QoS flow measurements will be applied, or may be a list of QoS flows indicating to the UE that per-QoS flow measurements will be applied for each of the listed QoS flows.

[0069] The processor 405 is configured to transmit a performance measurement function message to measure a first performance parameter of a first service data flow, the first service data flow being transmitted on a target quality of service flow from a plurality of quality of service flows of the multi-access data connection, the performance measurement function message being transmitted on the target quality of service flow of the multi-access data connection in response to a first indicator including a first value, and the performance measurement function message being transmitted on a default quality of service flow of the multi-access data connection in response to a first indicator including a second value.

[0070] In one embodiment, memory 410 is a computer-readable storage medium. In some embodiments, memory 410 comprises a volatile computer storage medium. For example, memory 410 may include RAM, including dynamic RAM (“DRAM”), synchronous dynamic RAM (“SDRAM”), and / or static RAM (“SRAM”). In some embodiments, memory 410 comprises a non-volatile computer storage medium. For example, memory 410 may include a hard disk drive, flash memory, or any other suitable non-volatile computer storage device. In some embodiments, memory 410 comprises both volatile and non-volatile computer storage media. In some embodiments, memory 410 stores data related to quality of service flow selection for multi-access data connections, e.g., access network information (“ANI”), IP addresses, etc. In particular embodiments, memory 410 also stores program code and associated data, such as an operating system (“OS”) or other controller algorithms and one or more software applications operating on user equipment device 400.

[0071] In one embodiment, input device 415 may include any known computer input device, including a touch panel, buttons, a keyboard, a stylus, a microphone, etc. In some embodiments, input device 415 may be integrated with output device 420, for example, as a touch screen or similar touch-sensitive display. In some embodiments, input device 415 includes a touch screen so that text may be entered using a virtual keyboard displayed on the touch screen and / or by handwriting on the touch screen. In some embodiments, input device 415 includes two or more different devices, such as a keyboard and a touch panel.

[0072] In one embodiment, output device 420 may include any known electronically controllable display or display device. Output device 420 may be designed to output visual, audible, and / or tactile signals. In some embodiments, output device 420 includes an electronic display capable of outputting visual data to a user. For example, output device 420 may include, but is not limited to, a liquid crystal display ("LCD") display, an LED display, an organic light emitting diode ("OLED") display, a projector, or similar display device capable of outputting images, text, etc. to a user. As another non-limiting example, output device 420 may include a wearable display such as a smartwatch, smart glasses, a head-up display, etc. Furthermore, output device 420 may be a component of a smartphone, a personal digital assistant, a television, a table computer, a notebook (laptop) computer, a personal computer, a vehicle dashboard, etc.

[0073] In particular embodiments, output device 420 includes one or more speakers for generating sound. For example, output device 420 may generate an audible alarm or notification (e.g., a beep or chime). In some embodiments, output device 420 includes one or more haptic devices for generating vibration, movement, or other haptic feedback. In some embodiments, all or a portion of output device 420 may be integrated with input device 415. For example, input device 415 and output device 420 may form a touchscreen or similar touch-sensitive display. In other embodiments, all or a portion of output device 420 may be located near input device 415.

[0074] As discussed above, the transceiver 425 communicates with one or more network functions of a mobile communications network via one or more access networks. The transceiver 425 operates under the control of the processor 405 to transmit and receive messages, data, and other signals. For example, the processor 405 may selectively activate the transceiver (or portions thereof) at particular times to transmit and receive messages.

[0075] The transceiver 425 may include one or more transmitters 430 and one or more receivers 435. Although only one transmitter 430 and one receiver 435 are shown, the user equipment device 400 may have any suitable number of transmitters 430 and receivers 435. Furthermore, the transmitters 430 and receivers 435 may be any suitable types of transmitters and receivers. In one embodiment, the transceiver 425 includes a first transmitter / receiver pair used to communicate with a mobile communications network over a licensed radio spectrum and a second transmitter / receiver pair used to communicate with a mobile communications network over an unlicensed radio spectrum.

[0076] In particular embodiments, a first transmitter / receiver pair used to communicate with a mobile communications network over a licensed radio spectrum and a second transmitter / receiver pair used to communicate with a mobile communications network over an unlicensed radio spectrum may be combined into a single transceiver unit, e.g., a single chip that performs functions for use in both the licensed and unlicensed radio spectrum. In some embodiments, the first transmitter / receiver pair and the second transmitter / receiver pair may share one or more hardware components. For example, particular transceivers 425, transmitters 430, and receivers 435 may be implemented as physically separate components that access shared hardware and / or software resources, such as, for example, network interface 440.

[0077] In various embodiments, one or more transmitters 430 and / or one or more receivers 435 may be implemented and / or integrated into a single hardware component, such as a multi-transceiver chip, a system-on-chip, an application-specific integrated circuit (“ASIC”), or other type of hardware component. In particular embodiments, one or more transmitters 430 and / or one or more receivers 435 may be implemented and / or integrated into a multi-chip module. In some embodiments, other components, such as a network interface 440 or other hardware components / circuits, may be integrated into a single chip with any number of transmitters 430 and / or receivers 435. In such embodiments, the transmitters 430 and receivers 435 may be logically configured as a transceiver 425 using one or more common control signals or as modular transmitters 430 and receivers 435 implemented within the same hardware chip or multi-chip module.

[0078] FIG. 5 illustrates one embodiment of a network equipment device 500 that may be used for quality of service flow selection for a multi-access data connection in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the network equipment device 500 may implement an SMF. In other embodiments, the network equipment device 500 may implement other network functions. Additionally, the network equipment device 500 may include a processor 505, a memory 510, an input device 515, an output device 520, and a transceiver 525. In some embodiments, the input device 515 and the output device 520 are combined into a single device, such as a touchscreen. In certain embodiments, the network equipment device 500 does not include the input device 515 and / or the output device 520.

[0079] As shown, the transceiver 525 includes at least one transmitter 530 and at least one receiver 535, where the transceiver 525 communicates with one or more remote units 105. Additionally, the transceiver 525 may support at least one network interface 540. In some embodiments, the transceiver 525 supports a first interface for communicating with a RAN node, a second interface for communicating with one or more network functions in a mobile core network (e.g., 5GC), and a third interface for communicating with a remote unit (e.g., UE).

[0080] In one embodiment, the processor 505 may include any known controller capable of executing computer-readable instructions and / or performing logical operations. For example, the processor 505 may be a microcontroller, microprocessor, central processing unit (“CPU”), graphics processing unit (“GPU”), auxiliary processing unit, field programmable gate array (“FPGA”), or similar programmable controller. In some embodiments, the processor 505 executes instructions stored in the memory 510 to perform the methods and routines described herein. The processor 505 is communicatively coupled to the memory 510, the input device 515, the output device 520, and the first transceiver 525.

[0081] In various embodiments, the network equipment device 500 operates as an SMF. In such embodiments, the processor 505 determines whether the user equipment supports per-flow quality of service measurements based on the first capability.

[0082] In response to determining that the user equipment supports quality of service per-flow measurements, project 505 selects a user plane function, sends a session establishment request message to the user plane function, the session establishment request message including a second indicator, the second indicator indicating whether the user plane function must perform quality of service per-flow access measurements over the multi-access data connection, and sends a response message to the user equipment, the response message including a first indicator, the response message establishing the multi-access data connection, the first indicator indicating that the user equipment must perform quality of service per-flow access measurements over the multi-access data connection. The first indicator may be in the measurement assistance information and may be a single indicator indicating to the UE to apply per-QoS flow measurements or a list of QoS flows indicating to the UE to apply per-QoS flow measurements for each of the listed QoS flows.

[0083] In one embodiment, memory 510 is a computer-readable storage medium. In some embodiments, memory 510 comprises a volatile computer storage medium. For example, memory 510 may include RAM, including dynamic RAM (“DRAM”), synchronous dynamic RAM (“SDRAM”), and / or static RAM (“SRAM”). In some embodiments, memory 510 comprises a non-volatile computer storage medium. For example, memory 510 may include a hard disk drive, flash memory, or any other suitable non-volatile computer storage device. In some embodiments, memory 510 comprises both volatile and non-volatile computer storage media. In some embodiments, memory 510 stores data related to quality of service flow selection for multi-access data connections, e.g., ANI, IP addresses, UE context, etc. In particular embodiments, memory 510 also stores program code and associated data, such as an operating system (“OS”) or other controller algorithms and one or more software applications operating on network equipment device 500.

[0084] In one embodiment, input device 515 may include any known computer input device, including a touch panel, buttons, keyboard, stylus, microphone, etc. In some embodiments, input device 515 may be integrated with output device 520, for example, as a touch screen or similar touch-sensitive display. In some embodiments, input device 515 includes a touch screen so that text may be entered using a virtual keyboard displayed on the touch screen and / or by handwriting on the touch screen. In some embodiments, input device 515 includes two or more different devices, such as a keyboard and a touch panel.

[0085] In one embodiment, output device 520 may include any known electronically controllable display or display device. Output device 520 may be designed to output visual, audible, and / or tactile signals. In some embodiments, output device 520 includes an electronic display capable of outputting visual data to a user. For example, output device 520 may include, but is not limited to, an LCD display, an LED display, an OLED display, a projector, or similar display device capable of outputting images, text, etc. to a user. As another non-limiting example, output device 520 may include a wearable display such as a smartwatch, smart glasses, or a head-up display. Furthermore, output device 520 may be a component of a smartphone, a personal digital assistant, a television, a table computer, a notebook (laptop) computer, a personal computer, a vehicle dashboard, etc.

[0086] In particular embodiments, output device 520 includes one or more speakers for generating sound. For example, output device 520 may generate an audible alert or notification (e.g., a beep or chime). In some embodiments, output device 520 includes one or more haptic devices for generating vibration, movement, or other haptic feedback. In some embodiments, all or a portion of output device 520 may be integrated with input device 515. For example, input device 515 and output device 520 may form a touchscreen or similar touch-sensitive display. In other embodiments, all or a portion of output device 520 may be located near input device 515.

[0087] As discussed above, the transceiver 525 may communicate with one or more interworking functions that provide access to one or more remote units and / or one or more PLMNs. The transceiver 525 may also communicate with one or more network functions (e.g., within the mobile core network 140). The transceiver 525 operates under the control of the processor 505 to transmit and receive messages, data, and other signals. For example, the processor 505 may selectively activate the transceiver (or a portion thereof) at particular times to transmit and receive messages.

[0088] The transceiver 525 may include one or more transmitters 530 and one or more receivers 535. In particular embodiments, one or more transmitters 530 and / or one or more receivers 535 may share transceiver hardware and / or circuitry. For example, one or more transmitters 530 and / or one or more receivers 535 may share antennas, antenna tuners, amplifiers, filters, oscillators, mixers, modulators / demodulators, power supplies, etc. In one embodiment, the transceiver 525 implements multiple logical transceivers that use different communication protocols or protocol stacks while using common physical hardware.

[0089] 6 illustrates a method 600 for quality of service flow selection for a multi-access data connection according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, method 600 is performed by a UE, such as remote unit 105, UE 205, and / or user equipment device 400. In particular embodiments, method 600 may be performed by a processor executing program code, such as a microcontroller, microprocessor, CPU, GPU, auxiliary processing unit, FPGA, etc.

[0090] The method 600 begins by communicating with a mobile communications network via a first access network using a first interface of a user equipment (605). The method 600 includes communicating with a mobile communications network via a second access network using a second interface of the user equipment (610). The method 600 includes transmitting a request message including a first capability indicating that the device supports quality of service per-flow measurement (615). The method 600 also includes receiving a response message including a first indicator, the first indicator being provided in response to the inclusion of the first capability in the request message, the response message establishing a multi-access data connection supporting communication via the first access network and the second access network, the multi-access data connection supporting multiple quality of service flows including a default quality of service flow (620). The method 600 includes a step (625) of transmitting a performance measurement function message to measure a first performance parameter of a first service data flow, the first service data flow being transmitted based on a target quality of service flow from a plurality of quality of service flows of the multi-access data connection, the performance measurement function message being transmitted on the target quality of service flow of the multi-access data connection in response to a first indicator including a first value, and the performance measurement function message being transmitted on a default quality of service flow of the multi-access data connection in response to the first indicator including a second value. Method 600 ends.

[0091] In certain embodiments, if the first indicator is not present in the response message, the performance measurement capability message is sent on a default quality of service flow of the multi-access data connection. In some embodiments, the request message is a protocol data unit session establishment request message that includes a multi-access protocol data unit indication and the first capability in a fifth-generation session management capabilities element. In various embodiments, the response message is a protocol data unit session establishment accept message that includes measurement assistance information, and the first indicator is part of the measurement assistance information.

[0092] In one embodiment, a performance measurement function message is transmitted on the target quality of service flow via the first access network and transmitted on the target quality of service flow via the second access network in response to a first indicator including a first value. In a particular embodiment, the method 600 further comprises determining a first performance parameter by transmitting several performance measurement function messages on the target quality of service flow via the first access network and transmitting several performance measurement function messages on the target quality of service flow via the second access network.

[0093] In some embodiments, the performance measurement function messages are transmitted on a default quality of service flow via the first access network and on a default quality of service flow via the second access network in response to the first indicator including the second value. In various embodiments, the method 600 further comprises determining the first performance parameter by transmitting several performance measurement function messages on the default quality of service flow via the first access network and transmitting several performance measurement function messages on the default quality of service flow via the second access network.

[0094] In one embodiment, the first value indicates that the user equipment must perform per-flow quality of service access measurements, and the second value indicates that the user equipment must not perform per-flow quality of service access measurements. In a particular embodiment, the first performance parameter comprises a round-trip time or a packet loss rate. In some embodiments, the method 600 further comprises applying the first performance parameter to determine whether traffic of the first service data flow should be transmitted over a first access network of the multi-access data connection or a second access network of the multi-access data connection.

[0095] 7 illustrates a method 700 for quality of service flow selection for a multi-access data connection according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, method 700 is performed by a session management function, such as SMF 305 and / or network device 500. In particular embodiments, method 700 may be performed by a processor executing program code, such as a microcontroller, microprocessor, CPU, GPU, auxiliary processing unit, FPGA, etc.

[0096] The method 700 starts by communicating with a plurality of network functions in a mobile communications network and a user equipment using an interface (705). The method 700 includes receiving (710) a request message from the user equipment including a first capability, the request message requesting a multi-access data connection supporting communication via a first access network and a second access network. The method 700 includes determining (715) whether the user equipment supports per-flow quality of service measurements based on the first capability. The method 700 includes selecting (720) a user plane function in response to determining that the user equipment supports quality of service per flow measurements, sending a session establishment request message to the user plane function, the session establishment request message including a second indicator, the second indicator indicating whether the user plane function must perform quality of service per flow access measurements over the multi-access data connection, and sending a response message to the user equipment, the response message including the first indicator, the response message establishing the multi-access data connection, the first indicator indicating that the user equipment must perform quality of service per flow access measurements over the multi-access data connection. Method 700 ends.

[0097] In certain embodiments, the mobile communications network supports multiple user plane functions, and selecting a user plane function comprises selecting a user plane function from multiple user plane functions that support quality of service per flow measurements. In some embodiments, in response to the second indicator indicating that the user plane function should perform quality of service per flow access measurements, the user plane function sends a performance measurement function message on a target quality of service flow of the multi-access data connection, in response to the second indicator indicating that the user plane function should not perform quality of service per flow access measurements, the user plane function sends a performance measurement function message on a default quality of service flow of the multi-access data connection, or a combination thereof.

[0098] In various embodiments, in response to the absence of the second indicator in the session establishment request message, the user plane function sends a performance measurement function message on a default quality of service flow of the multi-access data connection. In one embodiment, the request message is a protocol data unit session establishment request message that includes a multi-access protocol data unit indication and the first capability in a fifth generation session management capability element.

[0099] In certain embodiments, the response message is a protocol data unit session establishment accept message that includes measurement assistance information, and the first indicator is part of the measurement assistance information. In some embodiments, in response to the first indicator indicating that the user equipment shall perform per-service quality flow access measurements, the user equipment transmits a performance measurement capability message on a target service quality flow of the multi-access data connection, in response to the first indicator indicating that the user equipment shall not perform per-service quality flow access measurements, the user equipment transmits a performance measurement capability message on a default service quality flow of the multi-access data connection, or a combination thereof. In various embodiments, in response to the absence of the first indicator in the session establishment request message, the user equipment transmits a performance measurement capability message on a default service quality flow of the multi-access data connection.

[0100] In one embodiment, an apparatus includes a first interface for communicating with a mobile communications network via a first access network and a second interface for communicating with the mobile communications network via a second access network; transmitting a request message including a first capability indicating that the apparatus supports quality of service per flow measurement; and receiving a response message including a first indicator, the first indicator being provided in response to the inclusion of the first capability in the request message; and establishing a multi-access data connection supporting communication via the first access network and the second access network, the multi-access data connection providing a default quality of service flow. and transmitting a performance measurement function message to measure a first performance parameter of a first service data flow, the first service data flow being transmitted on a target quality of service flow from the multiple quality of service flows of the multi-access data connection, wherein the performance measurement function message is transmitted on the target quality of service flow of the multi-access data connection in response to a first indicator including a first value, and the performance measurement function message is transmitted on a default quality of service flow of the multi-access data connection in response to a first indicator including a second value.

[0101] In a particular embodiment, if the first indicator is not present in the response message, the performance measurement capability message is transmitted on a default quality of service flow of the multi-access data connection.

[0102] In some embodiments, the request message is a protocol data unit session establishment request message that includes a multi-access protocol data unit indication and a first capability in a fifth generation session management capability element.

[0103] In various embodiments, the response message is a protocol data unit session establishment accept message that includes measurement assistance information, and the first indicator is part of the measurement assistance information.

[0104] In one embodiment, a performance measurement capability message is transmitted over the target quality of service flow via the first access network and over the target quality of service flow via the second access network in response to a first indicator including a first value.

[0105] In a particular embodiment, the processor determines the first performance parameter by sending a number of performance measurement function messages on the target quality of service flow via a first access network and sending a number of performance measurement function messages on the target quality of service flow via a second access network.

[0106] In some embodiments, the performance measurement capability message is transmitted over a default quality of service flow via the first access network and over a default quality of service flow via the second access network in response to the first indicator including the second value.

[0107] In various embodiments, the processor determines the first performance parameter by sending a number of performance measurement function messages on a default quality of service flow via the first access network and sending a number of performance measurement function messages on the default quality of service flow via the second access network.

[0108] In one embodiment, the first value indicates that the device must perform per-flow quality of service access measurements, and the second value indicates that the device must not perform per-flow quality of service access measurements.

[0109] In a particular embodiment, the first performance parameter comprises a round trip time or a packet loss rate.

[0110] In some embodiments, the processor applies the first performance parameter to determine whether traffic of the first service data flow should be transmitted over a first access network of the multi-access data connection or a second access network of the multi-access data connection.

[0111] In one embodiment, a method includes the steps of: communicating with a mobile communications network via a first access network using a first interface of a user equipment; communicating with a mobile communications network via a second access network using a second interface of the user equipment; transmitting a request message including a first capability indicating that the apparatus supports quality of service per flow measurement; and receiving a response message including a first indicator, the first indicator being provided in response to the inclusion of the first capability in the request message; and establishing a multi-access data connection supporting communication via the first access network and the second access network, the multi-access data connection being configured to support communication via the first access network and the second access network. the multi-access data connection supports a plurality of quality of service flows including a default quality of service flow; and transmitting a performance measurement function message to measure a first performance parameter of a first service data flow, the first service data flow being transmitted on a target quality of service flow from the plurality of quality of service flows of the multi-access data connection, wherein the performance measurement function message is transmitted on the target quality of service flow of the multi-access data connection in response to a first indicator including a first value, and the performance measurement function message is transmitted on the default quality of service flow of the multi-access data connection in response to the first indicator including a second value.

[0112] In a particular embodiment, if the first indicator is not present in the response message, the performance measurement capability message is transmitted on a default quality of service flow of the multi-access data connection.

[0113] In some embodiments, the request message is a protocol data unit session establishment request message that includes a multi-access protocol data unit indication and a first capability in a fifth generation session management capability element.

[0114] In various embodiments, the response message is a protocol data unit session establishment accept message that includes measurement assistance information, and the first indicator is part of the measurement assistance information.

[0115] In one embodiment, a performance measurement capability message is transmitted over a target quality of service flow via a first access network and over a target quality of service flow on a second access network in response to a first indicator including a first value.

[0116] In a particular embodiment, the method further comprises determining the first performance parameter by sending a number of performance measurement function messages on the target quality of service flow via the first access network and sending a number of performance measurement function messages on the target quality of service flow via the second access network.

[0117] In some embodiments, the performance measurement capability message is transmitted over a default quality of service flow via the first access network and over a default quality of service flow via the second access network in response to the first indicator including the second value.

[0118] In various embodiments, the method further comprises determining the first performance parameter by sending a number of performance measurement function messages on a default quality of service flow via the first access network and sending a number of performance measurement function messages on the default quality of service flow via the second access network.

[0119] In one embodiment, the first value indicates that the user equipment must perform per-flow quality of service access measurements, and the second value indicates that the user equipment must not perform per-flow quality of service access measurements.

[0120] In a particular embodiment, the first performance parameter comprises a round trip time or a packet loss rate.

[0121] In some embodiments, the method further comprises applying the first performance parameter to determine whether traffic of the first service data flow should be transmitted over a first access network of the multi-access data connection or a second access network of the multi-access data connection.

[0122] In one embodiment, the apparatus comprises an interface for communicating with a plurality of network functions in a mobile communications network and with a user equipment; and a processor for: receiving a request message from the user equipment including first capabilities, the request message requesting a multi-access data connection supporting communication via a first access network and a second access network; determining based on the first capabilities whether the user equipment supports quality of service per flow measurements; in response to determining that the user equipment supports quality of service per flow measurements, selecting a user plane function; sending a session establishment request message to the user plane function including a second indicator, the second indicator indicating whether the user plane function shall perform quality of service per flow access measurements over the multi-access data connection; and sending a response message to the user equipment including the first indicator, the response message establishing the multi-access data connection, the first indicator indicating that the user equipment shall perform quality of service per flow access measurements over the multi-access data connection.

[0123] In certain embodiments, the mobile communications network supports multiple user plane functions, and selecting a user plane function comprises selecting a user plane function from multiple user plane functions that support per-flow quality of service measurements.

[0124] In some embodiments, in response to the second indicator indicating that the user plane function must perform per-quality of service flow access measurements, the user plane function sends a performance measurement function message on a target quality of service flow of the multi-access data connection, in response to the second indicator indicating that the user plane function must not perform per-quality of service flow access measurements, the user plane function sends a performance measurement function message on a default quality of service flow of the multi-access data connection, or a combination thereof.

[0125] In various embodiments, in response to the absence of the second indicator in the session establishment request message, the user plane function sends a performance measurement function message on a default quality of service flow of the multi-access data connection.

[0126] In one embodiment, the request message is a protocol data unit session establishment request message that includes a multi-access protocol data unit indication and a first capability in a fifth generation session management capability element.

[0127] In a particular embodiment, the response message is a protocol data unit session establishment accept message that includes measurement assistance information, and the first indicator is part of the measurement assistance information.

[0128] In some embodiments, in response to the first indicator indicating that the user equipment shall perform per-quality of service flow access measurements, the user equipment transmits a performance measurement capability message on a target quality of service flow of the multi-access data connection, in response to the first indicator indicating that the user equipment shall not perform per-quality of service flow access measurements, the user equipment transmits a performance measurement capability message on a default quality of service flow of the multi-access data connection, or a combination thereof.

[0129] In various embodiments, in response to the absence of the first indicator in the session establishment request message, the user equipment transmits a performance measurement capability message on a default quality of service flow of the multi-access data connection.

[0130] In one embodiment, the method comprises the steps of: communicating with a plurality of network functions and a user equipment in a mobile communications network using an interface; receiving a request message from the user equipment including a first capability, the request message requesting a multi-access data connection supporting communication via a first access network and a second access network; determining based on the first capability whether the user equipment supports quality of service per flow measurements; selecting a user plane function in response to determining that the user equipment supports quality of service per flow measurements; sending a session establishment request message to the user plane function including a second indicator, the second indicator indicating whether the user plane function shall perform quality of service per flow access measurements over the multi-access data connection; and sending a response message to the user equipment including the first indicator, the response message establishing the multi-access data connection, the first indicator indicating that the user equipment shall perform quality of service per flow access measurements over the multi-access data connection.

[0131] In certain embodiments, the mobile communications network supports multiple user plane functions, and selecting a user plane function comprises selecting a user plane function from multiple user plane functions that support per-flow quality of service measurements.

[0132] In some embodiments, in response to the second indicator indicating that the user plane function must perform per-quality of service flow access measurements, the user plane function sends a performance measurement function message on a target quality of service flow of the multi-access data connection, in response to the second indicator indicating that the user plane function must not perform per-quality of service flow access measurements, the user plane function sends a performance measurement function message on a default quality of service flow of the multi-access data connection, or a combination thereof.

[0133] In various embodiments, in response to the absence of the second indicator in the session establishment request message, the user plane function sends a performance measurement function message on a default quality of service flow of the multi-access data connection.

[0134] In one embodiment, the request message is a protocol data unit session establishment request message that includes a multi-access protocol data unit indication and a first capability in a fifth generation session management capability element.

[0135] In a particular embodiment, the response message is a protocol data unit session establishment accept message that includes measurement assistance information, and the first indicator is part of the measurement assistance information.

[0136] In some embodiments, in response to the first indicator indicating that the user equipment shall perform per-quality of service flow access measurements, the user equipment transmits a performance measurement capability message on a target quality of service flow of the multi-access data connection, in response to the first indicator indicating that the user equipment shall not perform per-quality of service flow access measurements, the user equipment transmits a performance measurement capability message on a default quality of service flow of the multi-access data connection, or a combination thereof.

[0137] In various embodiments, in response to the absence of the first indicator in the session establishment request message, the user equipment transmits a performance measurement capability message on a default quality of service flow of the multi-access data connection.

[0138] The embodiments may be embodied in other specific forms. The described embodiments are to be considered in all respects only as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the invention is, therefore, indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. All changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope. [Explanation of symbols]

[0139] 100 Wireless Communication System 105 Remote Unit 108 Multi-Access Rule 110 QoS Rules 115 Fifth Generation Radio Access Network (5G-RAN) 120 3GPP Access Network, Access Network 121 Cellular Base Unit 123 3GPP communication links 125 User Plane Connection via 3GPP Access 130 Non-3GPP access networks, access networks 131 Access Points 133 Non-3GPP communication links 135 User plane connectivity via non-3GPP access, interworking functions 140 Mobile Core Network 141 User Plane Function (UPF) 143 Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 145 Session Management Facility (SMF) 147 Policy Control Function (PCF) 148 multi-access data connections 149 Integrated Data Management (UDM) 150 Data Network 155 remote host 200 First Network Deployment 205 UE 206 Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) 207 User Datagram Protocol (UDP) 208 Internet Protocol Layer 209 packets 210 Applications 211 MA PDU Sessions 212 PMFP 213 QoS Flow Selection 215 Access Selection 221 3GPP interface 223 Non-3GPP Interface 224 multi-access data connections 225 3GPP Access 227 Non-3GPP Access 229 Second PMF Message 231 SDF 233 First PMF Message 239 Non-3GPP Interfaces 240 3GPP interface 247 IP layer 249 TCP 250 UPF 251 Upper Class 253 UDP 255 PMFP 300 steps 301 5G Access Network (5G-AN) 303 AMF 305 SMF 307 UPF 311 Messaging 313 Messaging 315 Messaging 321 Messaging 325 Messaging 327 Messaging 331 Messaging 333 Messaging 335 Messaging 400 User Equipment Device 405 processor 410 memory 415 Input Devices 420 output device 425 Transceiver 430 Transmitter 435 receiver 440 network interface 500 Network Equipment 505 processor 510 memory 515 Input Devices 520 output device 525 transceiver 530 Transmitter 535 receiver 540 network interface 600 ways 700 methods

Claims

1. A user equipment (UE), At least one memory; and at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory, the at least one processor comprising: communicating with a mobile network via a first access network; communicating with the mobile network via a second access network; sending a request message including a first capability indicating that the UE supports quality of service (QoS) per-flow measurement; receiving a response message including a first indicator, the first indicator being provided in response to the request message including the first capability, the response message establishing a multi-access data connection supporting communication via the first access network and the second access network, the multi-access data connection supporting a plurality of QoS flows including a default QoS flow; sending a performance measurement function message to measure a first performance parameter of a first service data flow, the first service data flow being associated with a target QoS flow from the plurality of QoS flows of the multi-access data connection; and causing the UE to execute the Performance Measurement Function message is transmitted on the target QoS flow of the multi-access data connection in response to the first indicator including a first value; The UE, wherein the performance measurement capability message is transmitted on the default QoS flow of the multi-access data connection in response to the first indicator including a second value.

2. The UE of claim 1 , wherein if the first indicator is not present in the response message, the performance measurement function message is sent on the default QoS flow of the multi-access data connection.

3. 2. The UE of claim 1, wherein the request message is a protocol data unit session establishment request message including a multi-access protocol data unit indication and the first capability in a fifth-generation session management capability element.

4. 2. The UE of claim 1, wherein the response message is a protocol data unit session establishment accept message including measurement assistance information, and the first indicator is part of the measurement assistance information.

5. 10. The UE of claim 1, wherein the performance measurement function message is transmitted on the target QoS flow via the first access network and on the target QoS flow via the second access network in response to the first indicator including the first value.

6. 6. The UE of claim 5, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the UE to determine the first performance parameter by sending a number of performance measurement function messages on the target QoS flow via the first access network and sending a number of performance measurement function messages on the target QoS flow via the second access network.

7. 2. The UE of claim 1, wherein the performance measurement function message is transmitted on the default QoS flow via the first access network and on the default QoS flow via the second access network in response to the first indicator including the second value.

8. 8. The UE of claim 7, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the UE to determine the first performance parameter by sending a number of performance measurement function messages on the default QoS flow via the first access network and sending a number of performance measurement function messages on the default QoS flow via the second access network.

9. 2. The UE of claim 1, wherein the first value indicates that the UE must perform per-QoS flow access measurements, and the second value indicates that the UE must not perform per-QoS flow access measurements.

10. 2. The UE of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the UE to further apply the first performance parameter to determine whether traffic of the first service data flow should be transmitted over the first access network of the multi-access data connection or the second access network of the multi-access data connection.

11. 1. A method performed by a user equipment (UE), comprising: communicating with a mobile network via a first access network using a first interface of the UE; communicating with the mobile network via a second access network using a second interface of the UE; sending a request message including a first capability indicating that the UE supports quality of service (QoS) per-flow measurements; receiving a response message including a first indicator, the first indicator being provided in response to the request message including the first capability, the response message establishing a multi-access data connection supporting communication via the first access network and the second access network, the multi-access data connection supporting a plurality of QoS flows including a default QoS flow; sending a performance measurement function message to measure a first performance parameter of a first service data flow, the first service data flow being associated with a target QoS flow from the plurality of QoS flows of the multi-access data connection; Equipped with the Performance Measurement Function message is transmitted on the target QoS flow of the multi-access data connection in response to the first indicator including a first value; The method of claim 1, wherein the performance measurement function message is transmitted on the default QoS flow of the multi-access data connection in response to the first indicator including a second value.

12. 1. An apparatus for performing network functions, comprising: At least one memory; and at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory, the at least one processor comprising: communicating with a plurality of network functions in a mobile network and with user equipment (UE); receiving a request message from the UE including a first capability, the request message requesting a multi-access data connection supporting communication via a first access network and a second access network; determining whether the UE supports quality of service (QoS) per-flow measurements based on the first capability; and In response to determining that the UE supports per-QoS flow measurements, selecting a user plane function; sending a session establishment request message to the user plane function, the message including a second indicator, the second indicator indicating whether the user plane function should perform per-QoS flow access measurements over the multi-access data connection; and sending a response message to the UE, the response message including a first indicator, the response message establishing the multi-access data connection, the first indicator indicating that the UE should perform per-QoS flow access measurements over the multi-access data connection; configured to cause the device to execute Device.

13. 13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the mobile network supports multiple user plane functions, and selecting the user plane function comprises selecting a user plane function from the multiple user plane functions that supports QoS per-flow measurements.

14. in response to the second indicator indicating that the user plane function should perform per-QoS flow access measurements, the user plane function sends a Performance Measurement Function message on a target QoS flow of the multi-access data connection; in response to the second indicator indicating that the user plane function should not perform per-QoS flow access measurements, the user plane function sending a Performance Measurement Function message on a default QoS flow of the multi-access data connection; or The apparatus of claim 12, which performs a combination thereof.

15. 13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein in response to the second indicator not being present in the session establishment request message, the user plane function sends a performance measurement function message on a default QoS flow of the multi-access data connection.

16. 13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the request message is a protocol data unit session establishment request message including a multi-access protocol data unit indication and the first capability within a fifth-generation session management capability element.

17. 13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the response message is a protocol data unit session establishment accept message that includes measurement assistance information, and the first indicator is part of the measurement assistance information.

18. In response to the first indicator indicating that the UE should perform per-QoS flow access measurements, the UE sends a Performance Measurement Capability message on a target QoS flow of the multi-access data connection; In response to the first indicator indicating that the UE should not perform per-QoS flow access measurements, the UE sends a Performance Measurement Capability message on a default QoS flow of the multi-access data connection; or The apparatus of claim 12, which performs a combination thereof.

19. 13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein in response to the first indicator not being present in the session establishment request message, the UE sends a performance measurement capability message on a default QoS flow of the multi-access data connection.

20. 1. A processor for wireless communication, comprising: at least one controller coupled to at least one memory, said at least one controller: communicating with a mobile network via a first access network; communicating with the mobile network via a second access network; transmitting a request message including a first capability indicating that the processor supports quality of service (QoS) per-flow measurement; receiving a response message including a first indicator, the first indicator being provided in response to the request message including the first capability, the response message establishing a multi-access data connection supporting communication via the first access network and the second access network, the multi-access data connection supporting a plurality of QoS flows including a default QoS flow; sending a performance measurement function message to measure a first performance parameter of a first service data flow, the first service data flow being associated with a target QoS flow from the plurality of QoS flows of the multi-access data connection; configured to cause the processor to execute the Performance Measurement Function message is transmitted on the target QoS flow of the multi-access data connection in response to the first indicator including a first value; The performance measurement capability message is transmitted on the default QoS flow of the multi-access data connection in response to the first indicator including a second value. Processor.

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