Vehicle window glass and vehicle window glass device

Abstract

Provided is a vehicle window glass having a conductive layer and capable of transmitting and receiving radio waves of a predetermined frequency with high gain.　The vehicle window glass comprises: a first glass plate having a main surface; a conductive layer disposed directly or indirectly on the main surface of the first glass plate; a conductive frame that is disposed directly or indirectly on the main surface of the first glass plate and has an inner edge along the outer edge of the conductive layer in a plan view of the first glass plate; a first power supply unit electrically connected to the conductive frame; and a second power supply unit electrically connected to the conductive frame, wherein the conductive frame has a lower electrical resistance than the conductive layer and is a diversity antenna having the first power supply unit and the second power supply unit as power supply units.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a vehicle glazing and a vehicle glazing arrangement. [Background technology]

[0002] It has been conventionally known that a vehicle windshield includes two glass sheets sandwiching a polyvinyl butyral (PVB) layer, a low-E coating is disposed between the PVB layer and the glass sheet on the interior side of the vehicle, and an antenna wire is disposed between the PVB layer and the glass sheet on the exterior side of the vehicle (see, for example, Patent Document 1). [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] U.S. Patent No. 7,847,745 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] However, because the thickness of an interlayer such as a PVB layer is usually less than 1 mm, capacitive coupling can occur between the low-emissivity coating layer and the antenna wire, which are both conductors. Therefore, even if the length of the antenna wire is adjusted, it is not easy to improve the antenna gain if a conductive layer such as a low-emissivity coating layer is present.

[0005] The present disclosure provides a vehicle window glass and a vehicle window glass device that include a conductive layer and are capable of transmitting and receiving radio waves in a predetermined frequency band with high gain. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] In one aspect of the present disclosure, a first glass plate having a major surface; a conductive layer disposed directly or indirectly on the main surface of the first glass plate; a conductive frame disposed directly or indirectly on the main surface of the first glass plate, the conductive frame having an inner edge that follows an outer edge of the conductive layer in a plan view of the first glass plate; a first power supply portion electrically connected to the conductive frame; a second power supply portion electrically connected to the conductive frame; Equipped with The conductive frame has a lower electrical resistance than the conductive layer, and is a diversity antenna using the first feeding portion and the second feeding portion as feeding portions. In this specification, the term "directly or indirectly disposed" means that the material is disposed on the main surface without any other layer therebetween, or that the material is disposed on the main surface via another layer.

[0007] In another aspect of the present disclosure, There is provided a vehicle glazing device comprising the vehicle glazing and a conductive window frame to which the vehicle glazing is attached. [Effects of the Invention]

[0008] According to the technique of the present disclosure, it is possible to provide a vehicle window glass and a vehicle window glass device that include a conductive layer and are capable of transmitting and receiving radio waves in a predetermined frequency band with high gain. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0009] [Figure 1] 1 is a plan view showing an example of the configuration of a vehicle window glass device including a vehicle window glass according to a first embodiment. [Figure 2] 10 is an enlarged plan view illustrating an example of overlap between a conductive layer and a conductive frame. FIG. [Figure 3] 10A-10C are diagrams illustrating several path lengths along a conductive frame in a configuration including a ground conductor portion electrically connected to the conductive frame. [Figure 4] FIG. 10 is a plan view showing an example of the configuration of a vehicle window glass device including a vehicle window glass according to a second embodiment. [Figure 5]FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the configuration of a vehicle window glass device including a vehicle window glass according to a second embodiment. [Figure 6] FIG. 10 is a plan view showing an example of the configuration of a vehicle window glass device including a vehicle window glass according to a third embodiment. [Figure 7] 10A and 10B are diagrams illustrating examples of several path lengths along a conductive frame in a fourth embodiment in which the conductive frame does not include a portion that is at the same potential as ground. [Figure 8] FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view showing a first configuration example of a vehicle window glass according to each embodiment. [Figure 9] FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view showing a second configuration example of the vehicle window glass according to each embodiment. [Figure 10] FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view showing a third configuration example of the vehicle window glass according to each embodiment. [Figure 11] FIG. 10 is an exploded perspective view showing a fourth configuration example of the vehicle window glass according to each embodiment. [Figure 12] FIG. 10 is an exploded perspective view showing a fifth configuration example of the vehicle window glass according to each embodiment. [Figure 13] FIG. 10 is an exploded perspective view showing a sixth configuration example of the vehicle window glass according to each embodiment. [Figure 14] FIG. 2 is a plan view showing an example of a simulation model of a vehicle window glass device including the vehicle window glass according to each embodiment. [Figure 15] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of measurement results of a reflection coefficient S11 versus the path length from the feed point to the ground point in up and down feeding. [Figure 16] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of measurement results of a reflection coefficient S11 and a transmission coefficient S21 with respect to a path difference between feeding points in up and down feeding. [Figure 17] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of measurement results of a reflection coefficient S11 versus the path length from the power feed section to the ground point in left and right power feed. [Figure 18] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of measurement results of a reflection coefficient S11 and a transmission coefficient S21 with respect to a path difference between feeding points in up and down feeding. [Figure 19]FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of the measurement results of the antenna gain of horizontally polarized waves when two power supply points are arranged on adjacent sides of the conductive frame in a configuration in which the conductive frame does not include any part that has the same potential as the earth. [Figure 20] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of the measurement results of the antenna gain of vertically polarized waves when two power supply points are arranged on adjacent sides of the conductive frame in a configuration in which the conductive frame does not include a portion that has the same potential as the earth. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0010] Hereinafter, each embodiment according to the present disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings. Note that for ease of understanding, the scale of each part in the drawings may differ from the actual scale. Directions such as parallel, right-angled, orthogonal, horizontal, vertical, up-down, left-right, and so on are permissible to the extent that they do not impair the functions and effects of the embodiments. The shape of the corners is not limited to right angles and may be rounded like an arch. The X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis directions represent directions parallel to the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis, respectively. The X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis directions are mutually orthogonal. The XY plane, YZ plane, and ZX plane represent imaginary planes parallel to the X-axis and Y-axis directions, imaginary planes parallel to the Y-axis and Z-axis directions, and imaginary planes parallel to the Z-axis and X-axis directions, respectively.

[0011] Examples of the vehicle window glass according to each embodiment include a rear glass attached to the rear of a vehicle, a windshield attached to the front of a vehicle, a side glass attached to the side of a vehicle, a roof glass attached to the ceiling of a vehicle, etc. The vehicle window glass is not limited to these examples.

[0012] Fig. 1 is a plan view showing an example of the configuration of a vehicle glazing device equipped with a vehicle window glass according to a first embodiment. The glazing device 201 shown in Fig. 1 includes a vehicle window glass 100A and a conductive window frame 63 to which the window glass 100A is attached. Fig. 1 illustrates the window glass 100A attached to the window frame 63 formed in a vehicle body 62 that is a part of a vehicle 60, as viewed from the inside of the vehicle. With the window glass 100A attached to the window frame 63, the positive side of the Z-axis direction represents the inside of the vehicle, and the negative side of the Z-axis direction represents the outside of the vehicle.

[0013] The vehicle window glass according to the first embodiment is particularly suitable for use in a window glass (for example, a side window) that is installed substantially parallel to a vertical direction perpendicular to a horizontal plane, since it improves the receiving sensitivity (antenna gain) of both vertically polarized waves and horizontally polarized waves. Fig. 1 shows an example in which the window glass 100A is used as a side window of a vehicle.

[0014] The window frame 63 is a conductive portion that can be grounded and is also called a flange. The window frame 63 has a frame 61 that forms an opening that is covered by the window glass 100A. The frame 61 has frame sides 61a, 61b, 61c, and 61d, as illustrated in FIG. 1 . The frame 61 is an example of the inner edge of the window frame 63.

[0015] The window glass 100A is a single-pane window glass mainly comprising a glass plate 10, a conductive layer 30, a conductive frame 70, a power supply unit 80, and a power supply unit 81. A single-pane window glass refers to a window glass that is made up of only one glass plate (in this example, the glass plate 10).

[0016] The thickness of the glass plate 10 in the single plate is not particularly limited and can generally be appropriately selected within the range of 0.5 mm to 10 mm. The thickness of the glass plate 10 is preferably 0.5 mm or more, more preferably 0.7 mm or more, even more preferably 1.1 mm or more, and particularly preferably 1.6 mm or more. Furthermore, to prevent the mass of the glass plate 10 from becoming too large, the thickness of the glass plate 10 is preferably 7 mm or less, more preferably 5 mm or less, and even more preferably 4 mm or less.

[0017] Furthermore, when a laminated glass including a glass plate 20 (described later) in addition to the glass plate 10 is used, the thickness of the glass plate 10 is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected from the range of 0.1 mm to 10 mm. The thickness of the glass plate 10 is preferably 0.3 mm or more, more preferably 0.5 mm or more, even more preferably 0.7 mm or more, particularly preferably 1.1 mm or more, and most preferably 1.6 mm or more. Furthermore, to prevent the weight of the laminated glass from becoming too large, the thickness of the glass plate 10 is preferably 3 mm or less, more preferably 2.6 mm or less, and even more preferably 2.1 mm or less. The thickness of the glass plate 10 may be the same as or different from the thickness of the glass plate 20. As long as the thicknesses of the glass plates 10 and 20 are the same, glass plates of the same size can be used.

[0018] The glass plate 10 is a plate-shaped dielectric having a main surface 11 facing the positive side in the Z-axis direction and a main surface 12 facing the opposite side of the main surface 11 in the Z-axis direction (the negative side in the Z-axis direction). The glass plate 10 may be transparent or translucent. The main surface 11 is the surface facing the inside of the vehicle, and the main surface 12 is the surface facing the outside of the vehicle. The glass plate 10 is an example of a first glass plate having a first main surface, and the main surface 11 is an example of a first main surface.

[0019] The glass plate 10 has an outer peripheral edge 13 including outer edges 13a, 13b, 13c, and 13d. The glass plate 10 is attached to a window frame 63 so that the outer peripheral edge 13 partially overlaps the window frame 63 in a plan view from inside the vehicle. The outer edges 13a, 13b, 13c, and 13d are attached to corresponding frame sides 61a, 61b, 61c, and 61d of a frame side 61, respectively. When the glass plate 10 attached to the window frame 63 is viewed from inside the vehicle, the outer edges 13a, 13b, 13c, and 13d are hidden by the vehicle body section 62 or the window frame 63, but are shown in solid lines in FIG. 1 to make this configuration example easier to understand.

[0020] The conductive layer 30 is a planar conductor disposed directly or indirectly on the principal surface 11 of the glass plate 10. In other words, the conductive layer 30 may be a conductor in contact with the principal surface 11, or a conductor disposed on the principal surface 11 via a transparent or translucent dielectric (not shown). The conductive layer 30 may be transparent or translucent. Specific examples of the conductive layer 30 include a metal film such as an Ag (silver) film, a metal oxide film such as an ITO (indium tin oxide) film, a resin film containing conductive particles, and a laminate of multiple types of films. The conductive layer 30 may be a resin film such as polyethylene terephthalate coated by vapor deposition or the like. The conductive layer 30 may also be a film formed into a mesh shape by applying conductive ink or etching.

[0021] The conductive layer 30 may be a conductive film coated on the main surface 11 of the glass plate 10. A specific example of the conductive film is a low-emissivity film such as a low-E (Low Emissivity) film that exhibits low radiation performance.

[0022] Low emissivity refers to reducing heat transfer due to radiation. Low emissivity films such as Low-E films ensure thermal insulation by suppressing heat transfer due to radiation. The low emissivity film may be a general film, for example, a laminated film including a transparent dielectric film, an infrared reflective film, and another transparent dielectric film in this order. Typical transparent dielectric films are metal oxides and metal nitrides. Typical metal oxides are zinc oxide and tin oxide. Typical infrared reflective films are metal films. Typical metal films are silver (Ag). Here, one or more infrared reflective films may be formed between the transparent dielectric films.

[0023] The conductive layer 30 is not limited to a low-emissivity film such as a low-E film, and may have other functions as long as it is conductive. For example, the conductive layer 30 may have a function of preventing icing or fogging of the window glass 100A by generating heat when a voltage is applied.

[0024] The conductive layer 30 may be a light control film, which will be described later.

[0025] The conductive frame 70 is a frame-shaped conductor disposed directly or indirectly on the main surface 11 of the glass plate 10. For example, the conductive frame 70 may be disposed on the main surface 11 of the glass plate 10 in the same layer as the conductive layer 30. The conductive frame 70 may be disposed on the opposite side of the glass plate 10 from the main surface 11 with respect to the conductive layer 30. The conductive frame 70 may be in direct contact with the main surface 11, or may be indirectly disposed on the main surface 11 via a dielectric (not shown), or may be in contact with the conductive layer 30. The conductive frame 70 has an inner edge 71 that follows the outer edge 31 of the conductive layer 30 in a plan view of the glass plate 10. The conductive frame 70 is formed of, for example, copper, silver, or the like.

[0026] The power supply unit 80 is an example of a first power supply unit electrically connected to the conductive frame 70, and is, for example, a power supply electrode. The power supply unit 80 is provided near the outer peripheral edge 13 of the glass sheet 10 so as to be located near the window frame 63 when the window glass 100A is attached to the window frame 63. The power supply unit 80 is electrically connected to one end of a power supply line 90 or an input terminal of an amplifier via a conductive member such as a connector. The other end of the power supply line 90 or an output terminal of the amplifier is connected to, for example, a communication device such as a receiver. The power supply line 90 is, for example, a coaxial cable having a signal line 91 and a grounding portion 92. The grounding portion 92 may be a shielded wire. One end of the signal line 91 is electrically connected to the power supply unit 80, and one end of the grounding portion 92 is grounded to the vehicle body 62 (which may be the window frame 63).

[0027] The power supply unit 81 is an example of a second power supply unit electrically connected to the conductive frame 70 at a location distant from the power supply unit 80, and is, for example, a power supply electrode. The power supply unit 81 is provided near the outer edge 13 of the glass sheet 10 so as to be located near the window frame 63 when the window glass 100A is attached to the window frame 63. The power supply unit 81 is electrically connected to one end of a power supply line 93 or an input terminal of an amplifier via a conductive member such as a connector. The other end of the power supply line 93 or an output terminal of the amplifier is connected to, for example, a communication device such as a receiver. The power supply line 93 is, for example, a coaxial cable having a signal line 94 and a grounding portion 95. The grounding portion 95 may be a shielded wire. One end of the signal line 94 is electrically connected to the power supply unit 81, and one end of the grounding portion 95 is grounded to the vehicle body 62 (which may be the window frame 63). The power supply lines 90 and 93 may be microstrip lines.

[0028] The power supply unit 80 may protrude outside the conductive frame 70 in a plan view of the glass plate 10. This makes it easy to bring one end of the power supply line 90 (one end of the signal line 91) or a conductive member such as a connector that electrically connects the amplifier and the power supply unit 80 into contact with the power supply unit 80. For mounting purposes, the shape of the power supply unit 80 is preferably, but not limited to, a rectangular or polygonal shape such as a square, an approximately square, a rectangle, or an approximately rectangular shape. The shape of the power supply unit 80 may be other shapes, such as a circle, an approximately circle, an ellipse, or a circular shape such as an approximately ellipse. The shape of the power supply unit 81 may also be the same as the shape of the power supply unit 80.

[0029] The conductive frame 70 has an inner edge 71 that aligns with the outer edge 31 of the conductive layer 30, and is therefore electrically connected to the conductive layer 30 via direct or capacitive coupling. Therefore, by attaching the window glass 100A to the conductive window frame 63, the conductive layer 30 and the conductive frame 70 can function as antenna conductors for the patch antenna, and the vehicle body 62 and the window frame 63 can function as grounds for the patch antenna. Because the conductive layer 30 and the conductive frame 70 function as antenna conductors, high-frequency current generated in the conductive frame 70 along the outer edge 31 of the conductive layer 30 can be extracted from the power supply units 80 and 81 electrically connected to the conductive frame 70. Furthermore, if the conductive frame 70 has lower electrical resistance than the conductive layer 30, high-frequency current generated in the conductive frame 70 along the outer edge 31 of the conductive layer 30 can flow more easily, thereby improving the antenna gain of a patch antenna that uses the conductive layer 30 and the conductive frame 70 as antenna conductors. An example of an index for evaluating the level of "electrical resistance" referred to here is sheet resistance (unit: Ω / □).

[0030] 1, the conductive layer 30 and the conductive frame 70 each function as part of a patch antenna that transmits and receives (either or both) radio waves in a predetermined frequency band. Therefore, even if the electrical resistance of the conductive layer 30 is relatively high, the window glass 100A and the window glass device 201 can transmit and receive radio waves in the predetermined frequency band with high gain.

[0031] Furthermore, because high-frequency current can be extracted from the power supply sections 80 and 81 that are located at positions apart from each other, the conductive frame 70 functions as a diversity antenna (hereinafter also referred to as a "diversity antenna DA") that uses the multiple power supply sections 80 and 81 as power supply sections. In this way, the conductive frame 70 operates as a diversity antenna DA that transmits and receives radio waves in a predetermined frequency band.

[0032] In this way, the diversity antenna DA can be made into a two-channel diversity antenna by setting the number of power feeders electrically connected to the conductive frame 70 to two. Note that if the number of power feeders electrically connected to the conductive frame 70 is set to N or more (N is an integer greater than or equal to 3), the diversity antenna DA can also operate as an N-channel diversity antenna.

[0033] The conductive frame 70 is a diversity antenna DA having a first patch antenna fed by the power feed unit 80 and a second patch antenna fed by the power feed unit 81. Hereinafter, the first patch antenna and the second patch antenna will also be referred to as "antenna ANT1" and "antenna ANT2," respectively. The antenna ANT1 is an antenna fed by the power feed unit 80, and uses the conductive frame 70 (or both the conductive layer 30 and the conductive frame 70) as an antenna conductor. The antenna ANT2 is an antenna fed by the power feed unit 81, and uses the conductive frame 70 (or both the conductive layer 30 and the conductive frame 70) as an antenna conductor.

[0034] Antenna ANT1, which uses power supply unit 80 as its power supply unit, may operate as a first slot antenna, which uses the gap between conductive frame 70 and window frame 63 as a slot. Similarly, antenna ANT2, which uses power supply unit 81 as its power supply unit, may operate as a second slot antenna, which uses the gap between conductive frame 70 and window frame 63 as a slot.

[0035] The antennas ANT1 and ANT2 are also collectively referred to as "antenna ANT." The antenna ANT may be used as a receiving antenna for receiving radio waves outside the vehicle, such as broadcast waves, or as a wireless communication antenna for transmitting and receiving radio waves to and from communication equipment outside the vehicle.

[0036] The antenna ANT is configured to be able to transmit and receive radio waves in the UHF (Ultra High Frequency) band, which has a frequency of, for example, 300 MHz to 3 GHz. A specific example of a frequency band included in the UHF band is the band of terrestrial digital television broadcast waves (for example, 470 MHz to 713 MHz).

[0037] The antenna ANT may be an antenna configured to transmit and receive radio waves in the VHF (Very High Frequency) band, which has a frequency of 30 MHz to 300 MHz. Specific examples of frequency bands included in the VHF band include the FM broadcast wave band (e.g., 76 MHz to 108 MHz) and the DAB Band III band (e.g., 174 MHz to 240 MHz).

[0038] When the conductive frame 70 has a closed loop shape, high frequency current flows more easily through the conductive frame 70, thereby improving the antenna gain of the antenna ANT. However, the conductive frame 70 may have a notch in part. The shape of the conductive frame 70 is not limited to a substantially rectangular shape, and may be another polygonal shape such as a substantially triangular shape.

[0039] When the power supply section 80 is placed near the corner 73a of the conductive frame 70, it is located near the frame section 70a extending in the X-axis direction (e.g., horizontal direction) and the frame section 70c extending in the Y-axis direction (e.g., up and down direction), thereby improving the antenna gain for both horizontally polarized waves and vertically polarized waves.

[0040] When the power supply portion 81 is placed near the corner 73b of the conductive frame 70, it is located near the frame portion 70b extending in the X-axis direction (e.g., horizontal direction) and the frame portion 70d extending in the Y-axis direction (e.g., up and down direction), thereby improving the antenna gain for both horizontally polarized waves and vertically polarized waves.

[0041] Furthermore, when the power supply unit 80 is disposed near the corner 73a of the conductive frame 70, the electric field generated at each of the frame units 70a and 70b, which face each other in the Y-axis direction, is aligned to the positive or negative side of the Y-axis direction, and the electric field generated at each of the frame units 70c and 70d, which face each other in the X-axis direction, is aligned to the positive or negative side of the X-axis direction. This alignment of the electric field directions improves the radiation efficiency of the antenna ANT1. This also applies to the antenna ANT2, which uses the power supply unit 81 as its power supply unit.

[0042] Furthermore, frame portions 70a and 70b extending in the X-axis direction generate an electric field in the Y-axis direction, and frame portions 70c and 70d extending in the Y-axis direction generate an electric field in the X-axis direction. Therefore, by arranging power supply portion 80 near corner portion 73a, it becomes easy to receive electric fields in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction, and therefore the antenna gain for both horizontally polarized waves and vertically polarized waves is improved even in an installation environment where window glass 100A is tilted with respect to a horizontal or vertical plane. This also applies to antenna ANT2, which uses power supply portion 81 as its power supply portion.

[0043] Note that the power feed unit 80 may be arranged near another corner of the conductive frame 70 (for example, corner 73b, corner 73c, or corner 73d). Even when the power feed unit 80 is arranged near these other corners, the antenna gain for both horizontally polarized waves and vertically polarized waves is improved, just as when the power feed unit 80 is arranged near corner 73a. Similarly, the power feed unit 81 may be arranged near another corner of the conductive frame 70 (for example, the corner diagonally opposite the corner near the power feed unit 80). Even when the power feed unit 81 is arranged near these other corners, the antenna gain for both horizontally polarized waves is improved, just as when the power feed unit 81 is arranged near corner 73b.

[0044] Furthermore, the length of the frame portion 70a extending from the corner portion 73a in the X-axis direction or the opposing distance in the X-axis direction between the frame portion 70c and the frame portion 70d is L X , the distance from the corner 73a in the X-axis direction is D X Then, the vicinity of the corner 73a is defined as 0≦D X / L X≦0.26. In addition, the length of the frame portion 70c extending from the corner portion 73a in the Y-axis direction or the opposing distance between the frame portion 70a and the frame portion 70b in the Y-axis direction may be defined as L Y , the distance from the corner 73a in the Y-axis direction is D Y Then, the vicinity of the corner 73a is defined as 0≦D Y / L Y The vicinity of other corners of the conductive frame 70 (for example, corner 73b, corner 73c, or corner 73d) may be defined similarly.

[0045] Alternatively, the window glass 100A may be attached to the window frame 63 so that the main surface 11 is approximately horizontal. In this case, approximately horizontal or approximately horizontal direction refers to an angular range of ±30° or less with respect to the horizontal plane. The angular range may be ±15° or less, ±10° or less, ±5° or less, or ±3° or less. An example of the window glass 100A attached so that the main surface 11 is approximately horizontal is a roof glass. For example, the window glass 100A may be a roof glass formed so that two antennas ANT1 and ANT2 can transmit and receive radio waves in the same frequency band. In this case, the diversity antenna DA can receive any polarized wave (for example, any polarized wave, such as linearly polarized wave or circularly polarized wave, in the same frequency band) arriving from the vertical direction (zenith direction) using the two antennas ANT1 and ANT2. In particular, the diversity antenna DA may be an antenna that transmits and receives radio waves for satellite communication (e.g., radio waves that arrive as circularly polarized waves) using two antennas ANT1 and ANT2, and may be configured to be able to receive GNSS signals in a predetermined frequency band. The predetermined frequency band may be the 1.2 GHz band or the 1.6 GHz band. The 1.2 GHz band may be, for example, 1.226 GHz to 1.228 GHz, and the 1.6 GHz band may be, for example, 1.559 GHz to 1.606 GHz. Furthermore, the two antennas ANT1 and ANT2 may be configured to be able to receive SDARS (Satellite Digital Audio Radio Service) signals in the 2.3 GHz S-band (2.320 GHz to 2.345 GHz).

[0046] When the sheet resistance of the conductive layer 30 is 300 Ω / □ (ohms per square) or less, the gain of the antenna ANT is improved. In terms of improving the gain of the antenna ANT, the sheet resistance of the conductive layer 30 is preferably 200 Ω / □ or less, more preferably 100 Ω / □ or less, and even more preferably 80 Ω / □ or less. The lower limit of the sheet resistance of the conductive layer 30 should be greater than the sheet resistance of the conductive frame 70, and is, for example, 5 Ω / □ or more.

[0047] The upper limit of the sheet resistance of the conductive frame 70 needs only to be smaller than the sheet resistance of the conductive layer 30, and in terms of improving the gain of the antenna ANT, it is preferable that it be, for example, 2 [Ω / □] or less, and more preferably 1 [Ω / □] or less. In this way, the electrical resistance of the conductive frame 70 and the conductive layer 30 can be compared using, for example, the sheet resistance as an index.

[0048] When the window glass 100A is attached to the vehicle body 62 at a distance that allows capacitive coupling between the conductive frame 70 and the vehicle body 62, the gain of the antenna ANT can be improved. This is because high-frequency current generated around the conductive frame 70 flows to the vehicle body 62 via this capacitive coupling, expanding the area of ​​the conductor region through which the high-frequency current flows. For example, if the coupling capacitance between the conductive frame 70 of the antenna ANT and the vehicle body 62 is 0.4 pF or greater, the gain of the antenna ANT can be improved. To increase the gain of the antenna ANT, the lower limit of the coupling capacitance is preferably 1.0 pF or greater, and more preferably 2.0 pF or greater. The upper limit of the coupling capacitance is not particularly specified, but can be set to, for example, 200 pF or less.

[0049] The antenna gain of the antenna ANT is improved when the frame 61 of the window frame 63 has a portion that coincides with at least a part of the outer edge 72 of the conductive frame 70 in a plan view of the glass plate 10, or a portion that is located outside at least a part of the outer edge 72 of the conductive frame 70. In the example shown in Fig. 1 , the entire frame 61 is located outside the entire outer edge 72 in a plan view of the glass plate 10.

[0050] For example, when the opposing distance between the frame 61 of the window frame 63 and the outer edge 72 of the conductive frame 70 (for example, the opposing distance between the frame side 61b of the window frame 63 and the outer edge 72 of the frame portion 70b) is 0 mm or more and 50 mm or less when viewed in a plane of the glass plate 10, the antenna gain of the antenna ANT is improved.

[0051] FIG. 2 is an enlarged plan view illustrating the overlap between the conductive layer and the conductive frame. When the inner edge 71 of the conductive frame 70 is closer to the outer edge 31 of the conductive layer 30 in a plan view of the glass plate 10, the antenna gain of the antenna ANT is improved. For example, when at least a portion of the conductive frame 70 overlaps with the conductive layer 30 in a plan view of the glass plate 10 and the outer edge 72 of the conductive frame 70 is located within 10 mm outward from the outer edge 31 of the conductive layer 30, the antenna gain of the antenna ANT is improved. In this case, the distance d between the outer edge 72 of the conductive frame 70 and the outer edge 31 of the conductive layer 30 is preferably 10 mm or less. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of improving the antenna gain of the antenna ANT, the distance d is preferably 5 mm or less. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of improving the antenna gain of the antenna ANT, the distance d is preferably 1 mm or more.

[0052] Furthermore, when the conductive frame 70 does not overlap the conductive layer 30 in a plan view of the glass plate 10 and the inner edge 71 of the conductive frame 70 is located within 5 mm outward from the outer edge 31 of the conductive layer 30, the antenna gain of the antenna ANT is improved. From the viewpoint of improving the antenna gain of the antenna ANT, the distance between the inner edge 71 of the conductive frame 70 and the outer edge 31 of the conductive layer 30 is preferably 3 mm or less, and more preferably 1 mm or less. The width of the conductive frame 70 can be designed as appropriate regardless of whether it overlaps at least a portion of the conductive layer 30, and the width of the conductive frame 70 may be, for example, 1 mm to 20 mm, 2 mm to 15 mm, 3 mm to 10 mm, or 3 mm to 7 mm.

[0053] 1, in order for the conductive frame 70 to resonate at high frequencies, it is preferable that half the length (L / 2) of the perimeter L of the inner edge 71 or outer edge 72 of the conductive frame 70 approximately equals "λ / 4×k×(2×N+1)." Here, λ is the wavelength in air of radio waves in the frequency band transmitted and received by the conductive frame 70 (diversity antenna DA), k is the wavelength shortening rate of the glass plate 10, and N is an integer equal to or greater than 1. However, because the size of the window frame 63 differs depending on the vehicle model, half the length (L / 2) of the perimeter L of the conductive frame 70 may not necessarily approximately equal "λ / 4×k×(2×N+1)."

[0054] To cope with such a situation, the window glass 100A according to this embodiment may include a ground conductor 75 at a location away from the power supply units 80 and 81, as shown in FIG. 1 . The ground conductor 75 is an example of a ground conductor that is electrically connected to the conductive frame 70 and has a potential equivalent to the earth potential. The ground conductor 75 is, for example, a ground electrode that is electrically connected to the earth potential. By adjusting the position of the ground conductor 75 that is electrically connected to the earth potential (for example, the earth potential of the vehicle body unit 62 or the window frame 63), the position of the antinode of the standing wave generated along the conductive frame 70 can be adjusted to the position of the ground conductor 75. This makes it possible to easily adjust the position of the antinode of the standing wave generated along the conductive frame 70 to the positions of the power supply units 80 and 81 so as to improve the antenna gain of the antenna ANT.

[0055] The ground conductor 75 may protrude outside the conductive frame 70 in a plan view of the glass plate 10. This makes it easy to bring a conductive member, such as a conductor that electrically connects the ground potential to the ground conductor 75, into contact with the ground conductor 75. The shape of the ground conductor 75 is preferably a quadrangular shape such as a square, an approximately square, a rectangle, or an approximately rectangular shape for implementation, but is not limited to these, and other shapes such as a circle, an approximately circle, an ellipse, or an approximately ellipse may also be used.

[0056] 3 illustrates several path lengths along the conductive frame in a configuration including a ground conductor portion electrically connected to the conductive frame. The ground conductor portion 75 has a ground point 75a on the conductive frame 70.

[0057] The clockwise distance from the power supply part 80 along the conductive frame 70 to the ground point 75a is L a1 , the counterclockwise distance from the power supply part 80 along the conductive frame 70 to the ground point 75a is L a2 Let's say. L a1 and L a2 is the actual length of the path along the inner edge 71 or outer edge 72 of the conductive frame 70. When viewed from the power supply unit 80, the high-frequency current flowing along the conductive frame 70 reaches a maximum at the ground point 75a.

[0058] In other words, L a1 and L a2 If at least one of these is approximately equal to an even multiple of (λ / 4×k), resonance is obtained between the power supply unit 80 and the ground point 75a. This allows the position of the antinode of the standing wave generated along the conductive frame 70 to be adjusted to the position of the power supply unit 80, thereby improving the antenna gain of the antenna ANT1. In other words, when N1 and N2 are integers equal to or greater than 1, the following equations aa and bb hold. L a1 = λ / 2×k×N1···Eq. aa L a2 = λ / 2×k×N2... Eq. bb At least one of the formula aa and the formula bb must be satisfied.

[0059] Similarly, the clockwise distance from the power supply part 81 along the conductive frame 70 to the ground point 75a is L a3 The counterclockwise distance from the power supply part 81 along the conductive frame 70 to the ground point 75a is L a4 Let's say. L a3 and L a4 is the actual length of the path along the inner edge 71 or outer edge 72 of the conductive frame 70. When viewed from the power supply part 81, the high frequency current flowing along the conductive frame 70 reaches a maximum at the ground point 75a.

[0060] In other words, L a3 and L a4is approximately equal to an even multiple of (λ / 4×k), resonance is obtained between the power supply portion 81 and the ground point 75a. This allows the position of the antinode of the standing wave generated along the conductive frame 70 to be adjusted to the position of the power supply portion 81, thereby improving the antenna gain of the antenna ANT2. In other words, when N3 and N4 are integers equal to or greater than 1, the following equations cc and dd hold: L a3 = λ / 2×k×N3...Formula cc L a4 = λ / 2×k×N4···Eq. dd At least one of the formulas cc and dd must be satisfied.

[0061] Therefore, when considering manufacturing errors of ±λ / 4×k for formulas aa, bb, cc, and dd, the antenna gain of the diversity antenna DA is improved if at least one of formulas 1a and 1b below is satisfied and at least one of formulas 1c and 1d below is satisfied. λ / 2×k×N1-λ / 4×k < L a1 < λ / 2×k×N1+λ / 4×k ...Equation 1a λ / 2×k×N2-λ / 4×k < L a2 < λ / 2×k×N2+λ / 4×k ...Equation 1b λ / 2×k×N3-λ / 4×k < L a3 < λ / 2×k×N3+λ / 4×k ...Formula 1c λ / 2×k×N4-λ / 4×k < L a4 < λ / 2×k×N4+λ / 4×k ...Formula 1d It is preferable that both formulas 1a and 1b or both formulas 1c and 1d are satisfied, and it is more preferable that all of formulas 1a, 1b, 1c and 1d are satisfied.

[0062] In terms of improving the antenna gain of the diversity antenna DA, it is preferable that at least one of the following formulas 2a and 2b be satisfied, and it is more preferable that at least one of the following formulas 2c and 2d be satisfied. λ / 2×k×N1-λ / 5×k ≦ L a1 ≦ λ / 2×k×N1+λ / 5×k ...Formula 2a λ / 2×k×N2-λ / 5×k ≦ L a2 ≦ λ / 2×k×N2+λ / 5×k ...Equation 2b λ / 2×k×N3-λ / 5×k ≦ L a3 ≦ λ / 2×k×N3+λ / 5×k ...Formula 2c λ / 2×k×N4-λ / 5×k ≦ L a4 ≦ λ / 2×k×N4+λ / 5×k ...Formula 2d It is preferable that both of formulas 2a and 2b or both of formulas 2c and 2d are satisfied, and it is more preferable that all of formulas 2a, 2b, 2c and 2d are satisfied.

[0063] In terms of improving the antenna gain of the diversity antenna DA, it is more preferable to satisfy at least one of the following formulas 3a and 3b, and it is even more preferable to satisfy at least one of the following formulas 3c and 3d. λ / 2×k×N1-λ / 6×k ≦ L a1 ≦ λ / 2×k×N1+λ / 6×k ...Formula 3a λ / 2×k×N2-λ / 6×k ≦ L a2 ≦ λ / 2×k×N2+λ / 6×k ...Equation 3b λ / 2×k×N3-λ / 6×k ≦ L a3 ≦ λ / 2×k×N3+λ / 6×k ...Formula 3c λ / 2×k×N4-λ / 6×k ≦ L a4 ≦ λ / 2×k×N4+λ / 6×k ...formula 3d It is preferable that both of formulas 3a and 3b or both of formulas 3c and 3d are satisfied, and it is more preferable that all of formulas 3a, 3b, 3c and 3d are satisfied.

[0064] On the other hand, in a diversity antenna using multiple antennas, ensuring isolation between each antenna is important to achieve a higher diversity effect. In a typical diversity antenna, the necessary isolation between each antenna is ensured by spatially separating multiple independent antennas with different feed points. However, when using a conductive frame 70 to realize a diversity antenna that transmits and receives radio waves in a specific frequency band, multiple feed points are electrically connected in common to a single conductive frame 70, so a certain level of isolation must be ensured to prevent interference between the multiple feed points.

[0065] Here, the distance from the power supply unit 80 to the power supply unit 81 along the conductive frame 70, which does not pass through the ground point 75a, is referred to as L. b1 , the distance via the ground point 75a is L b2 Let's say. L b1 and L b2 is the actual length of the path along inner edge 71 or outer edge 72 of conductive frame 70. The phase of the high-frequency current flowing along conductive frame 70 via ground point 75a changes by 180° at ground point 75a. This is equivalent to a change in the electrical length along conductive frame 70 from power supply point 80 via ground point 75a to power supply point 81 by (λ / 2×k).

[0066] That is, (L b1 ) and (L b2 +λ / 2×k) is approximately equal to an odd multiple of (λ / 2×k), isolation between power feed unit 80 and power feed unit 81 can be ensured. When power feed unit 81 is placed in a position where, as viewed from power feed unit 80, the phase difference between a signal transmitted through a path that does not pass through ground point 75a and a signal transmitted through a path that passes through ground point 75a is 180° (an odd multiple of λ / 2×k), signals from power feed unit 80 do not leak to power feed unit 81. In other words, the isolation between power feed unit 80 and power feed unit 81 can be increased (in other words, the coupling between power feed unit 80 and power feed unit 81 can be reduced).

[0067] Therefore, taking into consideration manufacturing errors of ±λ / 3×k and letting M be an integer of 1 or more, if the following formula 1e is satisfied, the antenna gain of the diversity antenna DA is improved. λ / 2×k×(2×M-1)-λ / 3×k ≦ |L b1 -(L b2 +λ / 2×k)| ≦λ / 2×k×(2×M-1)+λ / 3×k ··· Formula 1e

[0068] In terms of improving the antenna gain of the diversity antenna DA, it is preferable that the following formula 2e be satisfied, and it is more preferable that the following formula 3e be satisfied. λ / 2×k×(2×M-1)-λ / 5×k ≦ |L b1 -(L b2 +λ / 2×k)| ≦λ / 2×k×(2×M-1)+λ / 5×k ··· Formula 2e λ / 2×k×(2×M-1)-λ / 7×k ≦ |L b1 -(L b2 +λ / 2×k)| ≦λ / 2×k×(2×M-1)+λ / 7×k ··· Formula 3e

[0069] Note that λ may be the wavelength in air of radio waves of some frequencies included in a predetermined frequency band received by the diversity antenna DA, or preferably may be the wavelength in air of radio waves of all frequencies included in the predetermined frequency band. The same applies to λ in the equations described below.

[0070] Furthermore, it is preferable that the ground point 75a be directly connected to the earth potential in order to improve the antenna gain of the diversity antenna DA. For example, the ground point 75a is directly connected to the earth potential by being electrically connected to a vehicle body part 62 such as a window frame 63 through direct coupling. Note that the ground point 75a may also be electrically connected to the earth potential through capacitive coupling.

[0071] In this example, the shape of the conductive frame 70 is a substantially rectangular shape when viewed from above the glass plate 10. The power supply units 80 and 81 are arranged on opposing sides (e.g., the right and left sides, or the top and bottom sides) of the conductive frame 70, which makes it easier to ensure isolation between the power supply units 80 and 81. The power supply units 80 and 81 may also be arranged on adjacent sides (e.g., the top and right sides, or the bottom and left sides) of the conductive frame 70, which makes it easier to ensure isolation between the power supply units 80 and 81.

[0072] FIG. 4 is a plan view showing an example of the configuration of a vehicle glazing device equipped with a vehicle window glass according to the second embodiment. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the configuration of a vehicle glazing device equipped with a vehicle window glass according to the second embodiment. In the second embodiment, the description above will be used to omit explanations of the same configuration, actions, and effects as in the first embodiment. The glazing device 202 shown in FIG. 4 includes a vehicle window glass 100B and a conductive window frame 63 to which the window glass 100B is attached. For example, as shown in FIG. 5, the glass plate 10 is attached to the window frame 63 by bonding the peripheral edge of the main surface 11 to the window frame 63 with an adhesive 64 such as urethane resin.

[0073] As shown in Fig. 4, the second embodiment differs from the first embodiment in the configuration of the ground conductor portion 75. The ground conductor portion 75 in the second embodiment is connected to a ground point 75a and has a ground conductor line 76 that is branched and bent in two opposite directions. The ground conductor line 76 is capacitively coupled to the earth potential. Providing the bent ground conductor line 76 makes it easier to electrically connect the ground point 75a to the earth potential through capacitive coupling.

[0074] For example, in a plan view of the window glass 10, the ground conductor wire 76 extends between the conductive frame 70 and the window frame 63 and along the conductive frame 70 and the window frame 63. In the example shown in FIG. 4 , the ground conductor wire 76 is a T-shaped element with the ground point 75a as the lower end of the T, and extends through the gap between the outer edge 72 of the conductive frame 70 and the frame side 61b of the window frame 63.

[0075] The ground conductor line 76, which is a T-shaped element, includes a portion extending from a branch point 76a of the T to two open ends (a first open end 76b and a second open end 76c). The distance (path length) from the branch point 76a to the first open end 76b is defined as a1, and the distance (path length) from the branch point 76a to the second open end 76c is defined as a2. When the distance a1 is close to (λ / 4×k), an effect equivalent to that of the first embodiment in which the ground point 75a is directly connected to the earth potential is obtained, and the conductor line from the ground point 75a to the first open end 76b functions as an L-shaped open stub. Similarly, when the distance a2 is close to (λ / 4×k), an effect equivalent to that of the first embodiment in which the ground point 75a is directly connected to the earth potential is obtained, and the conductor line from the ground point 75a to the second open end 76c functions as an L-shaped open stub.

[0076] For example, if the distance a1 satisfies the following formula 4a and the distance a2 satisfies the following formula 5a, the antenna gain of the diversity antenna DA is improved. 0.10 ≦ a1 / (k×λ) ≦ 0.30 ···Equation 4a 0.10 ≦ a2 / (k×λ) ≦ 0.30...Equation 5a It should be noted that, in order to ensure the antenna gain of the diversity antenna DA, it is not essential that both Equation 4a and Equation 5a hold true. Only one of Equation 4a and Equation 5a may hold true.

[0077] Furthermore, in order to ensure a higher antenna gain of the diversity antenna DA, the distances a1 and a2 preferably satisfy at least one of the following formulas 4b and 5b, and more preferably satisfy both. 0.15 ≦ a1 / (k×λ) ≦ 0.25 ···Equation 4b 0.15 ≦ a2 / (k×λ) ≦ 0.25 ···Equation 5b

[0078] FIG. 6 is a plan view showing an example of the configuration of a vehicle glazing device including a vehicle window glass according to the third embodiment. In the third embodiment, the same configurations, operations, and effects as those of the first and second embodiments will not be described by citing the above descriptions. The glazing device 203 shown in FIG. 6 includes a vehicle window glass 100C and a conductive window frame 63 to which the window glass 100C is attached. The third embodiment differs from the first embodiment in the configuration of the ground conductor 75. The ground conductor 75 in the third embodiment includes a ground conductor wire 76 connected to a ground point 75a and bent in one direction. The ground conductor wire 76 is capacitively coupled to the earth potential. The bent ground conductor wire 76 facilitates electrical connection of the ground point 75a to the earth potential via capacitive coupling.

[0079] For example, in a plan view of the window glass 10, the ground conductor wire 76 extends between the conductive frame 70 and the window frame 63 and along the conductive frame 70 and the window frame 63. In the example shown in Figure 6, the ground conductor wire 76 is an L-shaped element with the ground point 75a as its end, and extends through the gap between the outer edge 72 of the conductive frame 70 and the frame side 61b of the window frame 63.

[0080] The ground conductor wire 76, which is an L-shaped element, includes a portion extending from a bending point 76d of the L shape to an open end 76b. The distance (path length) from the bending point 76d to the open end 76b is designated as a. If the distance a is close to (λ / 4×k), an effect equivalent to that of the first embodiment in which the ground point 75a is directly connected to the earth potential can be obtained, and the conductor wire from the ground point 75a to the open end 76b functions as an L-shaped open stub.

[0081] For example, if the distance a satisfies the following formula 6a, the antenna gain of the diversity antenna DA is improved. 0.10 ≦ a / (k×λ) ≦ 0.30 Equation 6a

[0082] Furthermore, it is more preferable that the distance a satisfies the following formula 6b in order to ensure a higher antenna gain of the diversity antenna DA. 0.10 ≦ a / (k×λ) ≦ 0.25 ···Equation 6b

[0083] 7 is a diagram illustrating several path lengths along the conductive frame in a fourth embodiment in which the conductive frame does not include a portion that has the same potential as the ground. In the fourth embodiment, the same configuration, action, and effect as in the first embodiment will not be described by citing the above description. The window glass 100D shown in FIG. 7 includes a conductive frame 70 that does not include a portion that has the same potential as the ground (such as the above-described ground conductor portion 75).

[0084] As described above, in order for the conductive frame 70 to resonate at high frequencies, it is preferable that half the length (L / 2) of the perimeter L of the inner edge 71 or outer edge 72 of the conductive frame 70 approximately coincides with "λ / 4×k×(2×N+1)". Therefore, the perimeter of the conductive frame 70 is defined as L, and the clockwise distance from the power supply part 80 along the conductive frame 70 to the power supply part 81 is defined as L. c1 , the counterclockwise distance from the power supply part 80 along the conductive frame 70 to the power supply part 81 is L c2 Let's say. L c1 and L c2 is the actual length of the path along the inner edge 71 or outer edge 72 of the conductive frame 70. Furthermore, let λ be the radio wave in the frequency band transmitted and received by the diversity antenna DA, let k be the wavelength shortening rate of the glass plate 10, and let N and M be integers of 1 or greater.

[0085] At this time, if the following formula 7a is satisfied in consideration of manufacturing errors of ±λ / 4×k, the antenna gain of the diversity antenna DA is improved. λ / 4×k×(2×N+1)-λ / 4×k < L / 2 < λ / 4×k×(2×N+1)+λ / 4×k...Equation 7a

[0086] In terms of improving the antenna gain of the diversity antenna DA, it is preferable to satisfy the following formula 7b, and it is more preferable to satisfy the following formula 7c. λ / 4×k×(2×N+1)-λ / 5×k ≦ L / 2 ≦ λ / 4×k×(2×N+1)+λ / 5×k...Equation 7b λ / 4×k×(2×N+1)-λ / 6×k ≦ L / 2 ≦ λ / 4×k×(2×N+1)+λ / 6×k...Equation 7c

[0087] On the other hand, L c1 and L c2 If the path difference between these is approximately equal to an odd multiple of (λ / 2×k), isolation between feeding portion 80 and feeding portion 81 can be ensured. Therefore, if the following formula 8a is satisfied, taking into account manufacturing errors of ±λ / 3×k, isolation between feeding portion 80 and feeding portion 81 can be ensured, and the antenna gain of diversity antenna DA is improved. λ / 2×k×(2×M-1)-λ / 3×k ≦ |L c1 -L c2 | ≦λ / 2×k×(2×M-1)+λ / 3×k...Equation 8a

[0088] In terms of improving the antenna gain of the diversity antenna DA, it is preferable to satisfy the following formula 8b, and it is more preferable to satisfy the following formula 8c. λ / 2×k×(2×M-1)-λ / 4×k ≦ |L c1 -L c2 | ≦λ / 2×k×(2×M-1)+λ / 4×k Equation 8b λ / 2×k×(2×M-1)-λ / 5×k ≦ |L c1 -L c2 | ≦λ / 2×k×(2×M-1)+λ / 5×k...Equation 8c

[0089] 8 to 13 are exploded views showing examples of the configuration of a vehicle window glass according to each embodiment. A window glass such as the window glass 100A described above may have any of the layered structures shown in Figs. 8 to 13.

[0090] 8 to 13, each of the window glasses 101 to 106 may have a light-shielding portion 50 disposed directly or indirectly on the main surface 11 of the glass plate 10. The light-shielding portion 50 is, for example, a light-shielding film that blocks visible light. Specific examples of light-shielding films include ceramics such as a black ceramic film. The light-shielding portion 50 overlaps at least a portion of the conductive frame 70 in a plan view of the glass plate 10. This makes the overlapping portion less visible when the window glass 101 is viewed from the Z-axis direction (from the outside or inside of the vehicle), thereby improving the appearance of the window glass 101 and the design of the vehicle.

[0091] In the examples shown in FIGS. 8 and 10 to 13, the light-shielding portion 50 is disposed between the glass plate 10 and the conductive frame 70. As shown in FIGS. 8 and 10, the light-shielding portion 50 may be disposed between the conductive layer 30 and the conductive frame 70. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 9, the conductive frame 70 may be disposed between the light-shielding portion 50 and the conductive layer 30. Furthermore, the light-shielding portion 50 may be disposed between the glass plate 10 and the conductive layer 30 (for example, a configuration in which the glass plate 20 and the intermediate film 40 are not present in FIG. 11).

[0092] Furthermore, as shown in Figures 10 to 13, the window glasses 103, 104, 105, and 106 may include a glass plate 20 on the side of the glass plate 10 where the conductive layer 30 is disposed. The glass plate 20 is an example of a second glass plate. In Figure 10, the glass plate 20 is disposed between the glass plate 10 and the conductive frame 70. In Figure 11, the glass plate 20 is disposed between the conductive layer 30 and the conductive frame 70. In Figure 12, the glass plate 20 is disposed between the glass plate 10 and the conductive layer 30.

[0093] The interlayer film 40 according to each embodiment shown in FIGS. 10 to 13 is a transparent or semi-transparent dielectric material interposed between the glass plate 10 and the glass plate 20. The glass plate 10 and the glass plate 20 are bonded together by the interlayer film 40. Examples of the interlayer film 40 include thermoplastic polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA). The relative dielectric constant of the interlayer film 40 is preferably 2.4 or more and 3.5 or less. The interlayer film 40 may be disposed between the conductive layer 30 and the glass plate 20, or between the glass plate 10 and the conductive layer 30. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 13, the interlayer film 40 may be disposed both between the conductive layer 30 and the glass plate 20 and between the glass plate 10 and the conductive layer 30.

[0094] The window glass 106 shown in FIG. 13 differs from the window glass 103 shown in FIG. 10 in that the interlayer film 40 includes an interlayer film 40A and an interlayer film 40B, and a conductive layer 30 is provided between the interlayer film 40A and the interlayer film 40B. In this specification, the interlayer film 40A and the interlayer film 40B are also referred to as the first interlayer film 40A and the second interlayer film 40B, respectively. Furthermore, the conductive layer 30 is not limited to one layer, and may have multiple layers. In other words, only one light control film, which will be described later, may be provided, or multiple light control films may be provided.

[0095] In the window glass 106, the conductive layer 30 may be a conductive film included in a light control film that can actively change the visible light transmittance of the opening in the window glass 106 by applying an AC voltage. The light control film has, for example, a molecular layer (not shown) with optical anisotropy between a pair of opposing resin substrates (not shown). Each of the resin substrates has a conductive film (not shown) on its main surface and an electrode (not shown) electrically connected to the conductive film. The light control film can be driven by applying a voltage between the pair of conductive layers via the electrodes.

[0096] The resin substrate is made of, for example, a transparent resin. The resin substrate may be made of, for example, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polycarbonate (PC), or cycloolefin polymer (COP). Alternatively, a pair of opposing resin substrates may be made of a combination of the above-mentioned resins. The thickness of the resin substrate is, for example, in the range of 5 μm to 500 μm, preferably in the range of 100 μm to 200 μm, and more preferably in the range of 50 μm to 150 μm.

[0097] The conductive films disposed on the respective principal surfaces of the pair of opposing resin substrates may be formed of, for example, transparent conductive oxide, transparent conductive polymer, a laminated film of a metal layer and a dielectric layer, silver nanowires, a silver or copper metal mesh, etc. The thickness of the conductive film may be, for example, in the range of 200 nm to 2 μm.

[0098] Examples of molecules having optical anisotropy arranged between a pair of opposing resin substrates include liquid crystals. That is, for example, a liquid crystal layer may be used as the molecular layer having optical anisotropy. Examples of the liquid crystal layer include polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC), polymer network liquid crystal (PNLC), and guest-host liquid crystal. Alternatively, iodine or the like may be used as the molecule having optical anisotropy. The light management film may have a suspended particle device (SPD) including such a molecular layer.

[0099] Fig. 14 is a plan view showing an example of a simulation model of a vehicle window glass device including the vehicle window glass according to each embodiment. Next, a result of simulating the operation of the diversity antenna DA using the simulation model of Fig. 14 will be described.

[0100] Fig. 15 is a graph showing an example of measurement results of the reflection coefficient S11 as a function of the path length from the feed point to the ground point in up and down power feeding. Fig. 16 is a graph showing an example of measurement results of the reflection coefficient S11 and the transmission coefficient S21 as a function of the path difference between the feed points in up and down power feeding. Up and down power feeding is a power feeding configuration in which, in Fig. 14, feed point 80 is arranged at frame portion 70a of conductive frame 70, feed point 81 is arranged at frame portion 70b of conductive frame 70, and ground point 75a is arranged at frame portion 70d of conductive frame 70.

[0101] In FIG. 15, the horizontal axis represents the clockwise distance L from the power supply unit 80 along the conductive frame 70 to the ground point 75a. a1 , or the counterclockwise distance L from the power supply part 80 along the conductive frame 70 to the ground point 75a a2 For convenience, we set the distance La and express it as La / (kλ). a1 represents S11 for the distance L a2 In FIG. 16, the horizontal axis represents the path difference as the distance Ld (Ld=|L b1 -(L b2 +λ / 2×k)|), Ld / (kλ). Figure 16 shows the path difference Ld(=|L b1 -(L b2 15 and 16 show the changes in S11 and S21 with respect to Ld / (kλ) using the equation (15) where Ld is the wavelength in the air of 205 MHz and Ld is the frequency of 205 MHz (λ≈1462 mm).

[0102] As shown in Figure 15, the distance L that satisfies Equation 1a a1 and the distance L that satisfies Equation 1b a2 In this case, the reflection coefficient S11 seen from the power supply 80 is low, and the diversity antenna DA resonates. Also, as shown in FIG. 16, the path difference (|L b1 -(L b2 +λ / 2×k)|=Ld), the transmission coefficient S21 from the power supply 80 to the power supply 81 is low, and the isolation between the power supply 80 and the power supply 81 is ensured.

[0103] In addition, when measuring Figures 15 and 16, the conditions such as the dimensions of each part of the simulation model in Figure 14 are as follows: Thickness of glass plate 10: 3.5 mm Glass plate 10 size: 460mm x 600mm Sheet resistance of conductive layer 30: 15 [Ω / □] Sheet resistance of conductive frame 70: 0 [Ω / □] Conductive frame 70 width: 5mm Window frame 63 (car body 62): 2000mm long x 2000mm wide ground plane Wavelength reduction rate k: 0.67 It was decided.

[0104] Fig. 17 is a graph showing an example of measurement results of the reflection coefficient S11 versus the path length from the feed unit to the ground point in left-right power feeding. Fig. 18 is a graph showing an example of measurement results of the reflection coefficient S11 and the transmission coefficient S21 versus the path difference between the feed units in left-right power feeding. The left-right power feeding is a power feeding configuration in which the feed unit 80 is disposed at the frame portion 70c of the conductive frame 70, the feed unit 81 is disposed at the frame portion 70d of the conductive frame 70, and the ground point 75a is disposed at the frame portion 70b of the conductive frame 70 in Fig. 14. The horizontal axes in Fig. 17 and Fig. 18 are the same as the horizontal axes in Fig. 15 and Fig. 16, respectively.

[0105] The measurement conditions in Figures 17 and 18 are the same as those described above for Figures 15 and 16. As shown in Figure 17, similar to Figure 15, the result that diversity antenna DA resonates was obtained. As shown in Figure 18, similar to Figure 16, the result that isolation between power feeding point 80 and power feeding point 81 was ensured was obtained.

[0106] Fig. 19 shows an example of measurement results of antenna gain for horizontal polarization when two power feed units are arranged on adjacent sides of a conductive frame in a configuration in which the conductive frame does not include a portion that has the same potential as ground. Fig. 20 shows an example of measurement results of antenna gain for vertical polarization when two power feed units are arranged on adjacent sides of a conductive frame in a configuration in which the conductive frame does not include a portion that has the same potential as ground. The power feed in Figs. 19 and 20 is the power feed configuration in Fig. 14, in which power feed unit 80 is arranged on frame portion 70b of conductive frame 70 and power feed unit 81 is arranged on frame portion 70d of conductive frame 70.

[0107] Figures 19 and 20 show measurement results at 205 MHz within the DAB Band III frequency band. In Figure 19, P1_H.Pol. indicates the antenna gain (directivity) measured at feed point 80 for horizontal polarization, and P2_H.Pol. indicates the antenna gain (directivity) measured at feed point 81 for horizontal polarization. In Figure 20, P1_V.Pol. indicates the antenna gain (directivity) measured at feed point 80 for vertical polarization, and P2_V.Pol. indicates the antenna gain (directivity) measured at feed point 81 for vertical polarization. The numerical values ​​in Figures 19 and 20 are in dBi.

[0108] 19, by using feeding unit 81 arranged on the vertical side, the gain of horizontally polarized waves can be increased compared to using feeding unit 80 arranged on the horizontal side. As shown in Fig. 20, by using feeding unit 80 arranged on the horizontal side, the gain of vertically polarized waves can be increased compared to using feeding unit 81 arranged on the vertical side. Therefore, by combining the high-frequency signal obtained from feeding unit 80 and the high-frequency signal obtained from feeding unit 81, polarized waves such as diagonal polarized waves and circular polarized waves can be received with high gain.

[0109] Although the embodiments have been described above, the technology of the present disclosure is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications and improvements are possible, such as combinations with or substitutions for part or all of other embodiments. The entire contents of the specification, claims, drawings and abstract of Japanese Patent Application No. 2021-119091, filed on July 19, 2021, are hereby incorporated by reference as part of the disclosure of the specification of the present invention. [Explanation of symbols]

[0110] 10 Glass Plate 11 Main surface 12 Main Surfaces 13a, 13b, 13c, 13d outer edge 20 Glass Plate 30 Conductive layer 31 outer edge 40 Interlayer 50 Light blocking section 60 vehicles 61 slots 62 Body 63 Window Frame 64 Adhesive 70 Conductive Frame 71 Common-law marriage 72 outer edge 73a, 73b, 73c, 73d corner 75 Ground conductor 75a Grounding point 76 Grounding conductor wire 76a Junction 76b, 76c open end 76d bending point 80, 81 Power supply unit 90, 93 feeder line 91, 94 signal lines 92, 95 Grounding part 100A, 100B, 100C, 100D window glass 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106 Window glass 201, 202 Window glass device

Claims

1. a first glass plate having a major surface; a conductive layer disposed directly or indirectly on the main surface of the first glass plate; a conductive frame disposed directly or indirectly on the main surface of the first glass plate, the conductive frame having an inner edge that follows an outer edge of the conductive layer in a plan view of the first glass plate; a first power supply portion electrically connected to the conductive frame; a second power supply portion electrically connected to the conductive frame; Equipped with The conductive frame has a lower electrical resistance than the conductive layer, and is a diversity antenna using the first power supply portion and the second power supply portion as power supply portions.

2. The vehicle window glass according to claim 1 , further comprising a ground conductor portion electrically connected to the conductive frame and equivalent to a ground potential.

3. the ground conductor portion has a ground point on the conductive frame, The clockwise distance from the first power supply part to the ground point along the conductive frame is defined as L ａ１ , the counterclockwise distance is L ａ２ year, The clockwise distance from the second power supply part along the conductive frame to the ground point is defined as L ａ３ , the counterclockwise distance is L ａ４ year, The distance from the first power supply part to the second power supply part along the conductive frame, which does not pass through the ground point, is defined as L. ｂ１ , the distance via the grounding point is L ｂ２ year, The radio wave of the frequency band transmitted and received by the diversity antenna is λ, the wavelength shortening rate of the first glass plate is k, and N １ , N ２ , N ３ , N ４ and M is an integer of 1 or more, at least one of the following formulas 1a and 1b is satisfied, at least one of the following formulas 1c and 1d is satisfied, and the following formula 1e is satisfied. λ / 2×k×N １ -λ / 4×k < L ａ１ <λ / 2×k×N １ +λ / 4×κ・・・Expression 1a λ / 2 × k × N ２ −λ / 4 × k < L ａ２ < λ / 2 × k × N ２ +λ / 4 × k ··· Equation 1b λ / 2 × k × N ３ −λ / 4 × k < L ａ３ < λ / 2 × k × N ３ +λ / 4 × k ··· Equation 1c λ / 2 × k × N ４ −λ / 4 × k < L ａ４ < λ / 2 × k × N ４ +λ / 4 × k ··· Formula 1d λ / 2×k×(2×M-1)-λ / 3×k ≦ |L ｂ１ -(L) ｂ２ +λ / 2×k)| ≦λ / 2×k×(2×M-1)+λ / 3×k ・・・1e

4. The vehicle window glass according to claim 3 , wherein the ground point is directly connected to a ground potential.

5. the ground conductor portion is connected to the ground point and has a bent ground conductor line; 4. The vehicle window glass according to claim 3, wherein the ground conductor line is capacitively coupled to a ground potential.

6. 6. The vehicle window glass according to claim 5, wherein the ground conductor wire is a T-shaped element with the ground point as a lower end of the T-shape.

7. the T-shaped element includes a portion extending from a branch point of the T to a first open end and a second open end; 7. The vehicle window glass according to claim 6, wherein the following formulas 4a and 5a are satisfied, where a1 is a distance from the branch point to the first open end and a2 is a distance from the branch point to the second open end. 0.10 ≦ a1 / (k×λ) ≦ 0.30 ... Formula 4a 0.10 ≦ a2 / (k×λ) ≦ 0.30 ... Formula 5a

8. 6. The vehicle window glass according to claim 5, wherein the ground conductor line is an L-shaped element.

9. the L-shaped element includes a portion extending from a bend in the L to an open end; 9. The vehicle window glass according to claim 8, wherein the following formula 6a is satisfied, where a is a distance from the bending point to the open end. 0.10≦a / (k×λ)≦0.30 Equation 6a

10. the conductive frame does not include a portion that has the same potential as the ground, The perimeter of the conductive frame is L, The clockwise distance from the first power supply part to the second power supply part along the conductive frame is defined as L ｃ１ , the counterclockwise distance is L ｃ２ year, 2. The vehicle window glass according to claim 1, wherein the following formulas 7a and 8a are satisfied, where λ is a radio wave in a frequency band transmitted and received by the diversity antenna, k is a wavelength shortening rate of the first glass plate, and N and M are integers of 1 or more: λ / 4×k×(2×N+1)−λ / 4×k<L / 2<λ / 4×k×(2×N+1)+λ / 4×k...Formula 7a λ / 2×k×(2×M-1)-λ / 3×k ≦ |L ｃ１ -L ｃ２ | ≦λ / 2×k×(2×M-1)+λ / 3×k ・・・Expression 8a

11. the conductive frame has a substantially rectangular shape in a plan view of the first glass plate, The vehicle window glass according to claim 1 , wherein the first power supply portion and the second power supply portion are arranged on opposite sides of the conductive frame.

12. the conductive frame has a substantially rectangular shape in a plan view of the first glass plate, The vehicle window glass according to claim 1 , wherein the first power supply portion and the second power supply portion are arranged on adjacent sides.

13. The vehicle window glass according to claim 1 , wherein the first glass plate is the only glass plate that constitutes the vehicle window glass.

14. The vehicle window glass according to claim 1 , further comprising a second glass plate disposed on a side of the first glass plate on which the conductive layer is disposed.

15. The vehicle window glass according to claim 14, wherein the second glass sheet is disposed between the first glass sheet and the conductive frame.

16. 16. The vehicle glazing according to claim 15, wherein the second glass sheet is disposed between the conductive layer and the conductive frame.

17. 16. The vehicle glazing of claim 15, wherein the second glass pane is disposed between the first glass pane and the conductive layer.

18. The vehicle window glass according to claim 1 , wherein the conductive frame is arranged on an opposite side of the conductive layer from the main surface.

19. a light-shielding portion disposed directly or indirectly on the main surface of the first glass plate; The vehicle window glass according to claim 1 , wherein the light-shielding portion overlaps at least a portion of the conductive frame in a plan view of the first glass plate.

20. The vehicle window glass according to claim 1 , wherein the conductive layer has a sheet resistance of 5 Ω / □ or more and 300 Ω / □ or less.

21. 11. The vehicle window glass according to claim 1, wherein the conductive layer is a low-emissivity film.

22. The vehicle window glass according to claim 1 , wherein an outer edge of the conductive frame is located outside an outer edge of the conductive layer in a plan view of the first glass plate.

23. 23. The vehicle window glass according to claim 22, wherein, in a plan view of the first glass plate, at least a portion of the conductive frame overlaps the conductive layer, and an outer edge of the conductive frame is located within 10 mm outward from an outer edge of the conductive layer.

24. 24. The vehicle window glass according to claim 23, wherein, in a plan view of the first glass plate, the conductive frame does not overlap the conductive layer, and an inner edge of the conductive frame is located within 5 mm outward from an outer edge of the conductive layer.

25. The vehicle window glass according to claim 1 , wherein the diversity antenna transmits and receives radio waves in the VHF band.

26. The vehicle window glass according to claim 1 , wherein the diversity antenna transmits and receives radio waves in the UHF band.

27. The vehicle window glass according to any one of claims 1 to 10, which is used as a side glass of a vehicle.

28. A vehicle window glass device comprising: the vehicle window glass according to any one of claims 1 to 10; and a conductive window frame to which the vehicle window glass is attached.

29. 29. The vehicle window glass device according to claim 28, wherein an inner edge of the window frame has a portion that coincides with at least a part of an outer edge of the conductive frame in a plan view of the first glass plate, or a portion that is located outside at least a part of the outer edge of the conductive frame.

30. 30. The vehicle window glass device according to claim 29, wherein an opposing distance between an inner edge of the window frame and an outer edge of the conductive frame is 0 mm or more and 50 mm or less in a plan view of the first glass plate.

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